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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


S UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Neolmnve <2O hv . 


PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 


WASHINGTON : 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
1902. 


in “=~? 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The publications of the National Museum consist of two series: 
Proceedings and Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are 
intended primarily as a medium of publication for newly-acquired 
facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of new forms 
of animals and plants acquired by the National Museum, discussions 
of nomenclature, etc. A volume is issued annually for distribution to 
libraries, while in view of the importance to science of the prompt 
publication of descriptions of new species, a limited edition of each 
paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. 

The present volume is the twenty-fourth of the series. 

The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of 
elaborate papers, issued separately and based for the most part upon 
collections in the National Museum. They are monographic in scope, 
and are devoted principally to the discussionof large zoological groups, 
bibliographies of eminent naturalists, reports of expeditions, ete. 

A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ‘‘ Special Bulletin,” has 
been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed 
indispensable. 

The Annual Report of the National Museum (being the second vol- 
ume of the Smithsonian Report) contains papers chiefly of an ethno- 
logical character, describing collections in the National Museum. 

Papers intended for publication by the National Museum are usually 
referred to an advisory committee, composed as follows: Frederick 
W. True (chairman), William H. Holmes, George P. Merrill, James 
E. Benedict, Otis T. Mason, Leonhard Stejneger, Lester F. Ward, and 
Marcus Benjamin (editor). 

S. P. LAaneiry, 
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 


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Tabi Or CONTENTS. 


Banks, NarHan. Some Spiders and Other Arachnida from 
Pentigeiknico.—No,. 1253, October 4,,1901*. 22.2. 2 2 ee 


New species: Pardosa porto-ricensis, Prostheclina signata, Cynorta 
obscura, Stygnus insulanus. 


Buscx, Auacusr. A Review of the American Moths of the 
Genus Depressaria Haworth, with Descriptions of New 
Bpecies.— No. 1268. May 12, 1902* ...-._...---..--+..- 


New species: Depressaria sanguinella, D. muricolorella, D. senicionella, 
D. canadensis, D. betulella, D. barberella. 


CHAMBERLIN, RaupH V. Henicops Dolichopus, a New Chilo- 
ped irom Utah.—No.. 1270. May 24, 1902*............. 


New species: Henicops dolichopus. 


—. List of the Myriapod Family Lithobiidi. of Sait 
Lake County, Utah, with Descriptions of Five New Spe- 
cies.—No. 1242. September 27, 1901’__-_-_-_---------- 


New species: Lithobius utahensis, L. collium, L. socius, L. intermon- 
tanus, L. purpureus. 


CoquitteTtT, D. W. New Diptera from Southern Africa.— 
Mommi2te,. eptember 27, 190k? 2.2 ss lL. 222 oo. 23 28 


New genus: Zaprionus. 

New species: Simulium nigritarsis, Dacus lounsburyii, D. brevis, D. 
sigmoides, D. immaculatus, Ceratitis rubivora, C. lycii, Zaprionus 
viltiger. 


Dati, WixtuiAM Hearey. Illustrations and Descriptions of 
New, Unfigured, or Imperfectly Known Shells, Chiefly 
American, in the U. S. National Museum.—No. 1264. 
Perma ew 2 ok. ess) a5 82 aS oe. 2 oso 24 2 


New genera: Toledonia, Antistreptus. 

New section: Agriopoma. 

New species: Conus stimpsoni, Daphnella eugrammata, Actxon ( Micro- 
glyphis) breviculus, Toledonia perplexa, Pleurotoma (Antiplanes) 
piona, P. (Antiplanes) thalea, P. ( Antiplanes) santarosana, P. calli- 
cesta, Tritonofusus (Plicifusus) herendeeni, Volutopsius trophonius, 
Antistreptus magellanicus, Trophon pelecetus, Boreotrophon maclaini, 
B. kamchatkanus, B. (Stuarti var.?) smithi, B. peregrinus, B. beringi, 
B. pacificus, B. tripherus, B. alaskanus, B. mazatlanicus, B. pana- 
mensis, B. avalonensis, B. rotundatus, Trophon pinnatus, Typhis 
martyria, Litorina atkana, Solariella carlotta, Ganesa? panamensis, 
Lepidopleurus mesogonus, L. halistreptus, L. luridus, L. farallonis, 
Ischnochiton stearnsii, I. sarcosus, Crenella megas, Limopsis pana- 
mensis, Cetoconcha scapha, Terebratalia hemphilli, Crania patagonica. 


731-749 


797-800 


21-25 


27-32 


499-566 


'Date of publication. 


Wa TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


JORDAN, Davip Starr, and Epwrn Cuapin Starks. A Re- 
view of ti.2 Atherine Fishes of Japan.—No. 1250. October 
4. 19010. ee ‘See 


New genera: Atherion, Iso. 
New species: Atherina woodwardi, A. tsurugx, Atherion elymus, Iso 
flos-maris. 


——. and JoHN OTTERBEIN SnypER. A Review of the 
Discobolous Fishes of Japan.—No. 1259. February 
1 KOR KS] ea ene MONE Renee ec omg PO ie eer ye Se 


New genus: Crystallias. 
New species: Lethotremus awx, Crystallias matsushime. 


A Review of the Gobioid Fishes of Japan, with 
Descriptions of Twenty-one New Species.—No. 1244. 
September-25, LOQL" 03.5 32 oe ee ee ee 


New genera: Vireosa, Hazeus, Chloea, Suruga, Sagamia, Ainosus, 
Astrabe, Clariger, Euteniichthys. 

New species: Vireosa hanex, Asterropteryx abax, Hazeus otakii, Gobius 
pecilichthys, Ctenogobius abei, C. nadropterus, C. campbelli, C. virga- 
tulus, Chloea mororana, C. sarchynnis, Pterogobius daimio, P. zacalles, 
P. zonoleucus, Suruga fundicola, Sagamia russula, Cheturichthys 
sctistius, Tridentiger bucco, Astrabe~ lactisella, Clariger cosmurus, 
Eutentichthys gilt, Trypauchen wake. 


A Review of the Gymnodont Fishes of Japan.— 
No. 1254. November 30, 1901' 


New species: Spheroides abbotti, S. exascurus, S. borealis, S. niphobles. 


A Review of the Hypostomide and Lophobranchiate 
Fishes of Japan.—No. 1241. September 27, 19017 
New genera: Zalises, Yozia. 
New species: Zalises wmitengu, Corythroichthys isigakius, Yozia waka- 
noure, Urocampus rikuzenius, Hippocampus kelloggi, H. aterrimus, 
HT, sindonis. 
A Review of the Labroid Fishes and Related Forms 
Found in the Waters of Japan.—No. 1266. May 2, 1902'- 
New genus: Verreo. 
New species: Stethojulis psacas, S. terina, S. trossula, Halicheeres tre- 
mebundus. 
A Review of the Salmonoid Fishes of Japan.— 
No. 1265. March 25, 19021 


New species: Argentina kagoshime. 


A Review of the Trachinoid Fishes and their Sup- 
posed Allies Found in the Waters of Japan.—No. 1263. 
March 28, 1902" 


New genera: Pleropsaron, Ariscopus, Stalix. 

New species: Parapercis ommatura, Pteropsaron evolans, P. verecun- 
dum, Ariscopus iburius, Gnathypops hopkinsi, G. evermanni, Stalix 
histrio. 


wetter er et me ee ee Bm RM ee KH fe em wm we ew ew 2 ew oe ow oe = = 


‘Date of publication. 


199-206 


345-351 


33-132 


1-20 


595-662 


567-593 


461-497 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


JORDAN, Davip Srarr, assisted by Micniraro Sinpo. A 
Review of the Japanese Species of Surf-Fishes or Embioto- 
miees—_No. 1960. February 26, 1902* =: -..-_........-- 


~-———. A Review of the Pediculate Fishes or Anglers of 

Senan.—No. 1961. February 26, 1902°...........----.- 

New species: Lophiomus litulon, Antennarius scriptissimus, A. san- 
guifluus, A. nox, Malthopsis tiarella. 

Lucas, Freperic A. A Flightless Auk, Mancalla Califor- 

niensis, from the Miocene of California.—No. 1245. Sep- 

© Bi SUSI O Ns eS ci APRR ceed ig coe apie poe 


Lyon, Marcus Warp, Jr. An Annotated List of Mammals 
Collected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela.—No. 
SPREE MEOICEOMOI WOON oda BeBe, Sir ey 7 oe 

(See also under Robinson, Wirt.) 


Mearns, Epaar A. . Descriptions of Three New Birds from 


the Southern United States.—No. 1274 June 2, 1902'___- 


New subspecies: Colurniculus savannarum floridanus, Progne subis 
floridana, Sitta carolinensis nelsoni. 

The Cacomitl Cat of the Rio Grande Valley.— 

ene ee CkOUCE + LOOKS 222! Sete a ek. be 


Merritt, Grorce P. A Newly Found Meteorite from 
Admire, Lyon County, Kansas.—No. 1273. May 31, 1902'- 


On a Stony Meteorite, which Fell Near Felix, Perry 
County, Alabama, May 15, 1900.—No. 1249. October 7, 
uM Mere e te tee ee ts bey ee Ry iS Sy 0 eo Pt 


Mitter, Gerrit $., Jr. The Mammals of the Andaman and 
Nicobar Islands.—No. 1269. May 29, 1902° 


New species: Sus nicobaricus, Mus stoicus, M. taciturnus, M. flebilis, 
M. pulliventer, M. atratus, M. burrus, M. burrulus, M. burrescens, 
Crocidura nicobarica, C. andamanensis, Pipistrellus camorte, Hippo- 
sideros nicobarule, Pteropus fawnulus, Macacus umbrosus. 

New subspecies: Tupaia nicobarica surda. 


OpBERHOLSER, Harry C. A Review of the Larks of the 
Genus Otocoris.—No. 1271. June 9, 1909'.._._._______- 


New subspecies: Olocoris alpestris arcticola, O. a. enthymia, O. a. dia- 
phora, O. a. actia, O. a. ammophila, O. a. aphrasta, O. a. leucansip- 
tila, Otocoris longirostris perissa, O. l. argalea, Otocoris penicillata 
oreodrama. 


——. Catalogue of a Collection of Hummingbirds from 
Ecuador and Colombia.—No. 1258. January 18, 1902" __- 
New species: Zodalia thaumasta. 


New subspecies: Topaza pella pamprepta, Boissonneaua flavescens 
tinochlora, Heliangelus exortis soderstromi. 


1 Date of publication. 


Vit 


Page. 


3D3—300 


361-381 


133-134 


135-162 


207-210 


907-913 


193-198 


(51-795 


801-884 


309-342 


VIIlL TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Page. 
Rarnpun, Mary J. Descriptions of New Decapod Crusta- 


ceans from the West Coast of North America.—No. 1272. 
May 03.1000) ek aoe ee 885-905 


New species: Oregonia bifurca, Callianassa goniophthalma, Axius 
spinulicauda, Calastacus quinqueseriatus, Gennades borealis, Cran- 
gon holmesi, C. dalli, C. resima, C. abyssorum, C. acclivis, C. varia- 
bilis, C. spinosissima, C. spinirostris, Sclerocrangon alata, Nectocran- 
gon dentata, N. ovifer, N. californiensis, N. levior, Spirontocaris 
arcuata, S. murdochi, S. truncata, S. Snyderi, S. sica, S. dalli, 8. 
unalaskensis, S. vicina, S. washingtoniana, S. flexa, S. decora, S. 
tridens, S. townsendi, S. moseri, S. maxillipes, S. brachydactyla, S. 
kincaidi, S. biunguis, S. stoneyi, S. macrophthalma, Pandalus jor- 
dani, P. stenolepis, Pandalopsis aleutica, P. longirostris, P. dispar, 

_ Pontonia californiensis, Palemonetes kadiakensis, Urocaris infraspinis, 
Hymenodora frontalis, Parapasiphe serrata, Pasiphxa spacifica, P 
emarginata, P. corteziana, P. affinia. 

New subspecies: Crangon alaskensis elongata, Crangon franciscorum 
angustimana, Pandalus montagui tridens. 


RicHmMonb, CHARLES W. An Annotated List of Birds Col- 
lected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela.—No. 1247. 


October 3,.1901.). 2.2 263 eee 163-178 
(See also under Robinson, Wirt.) 


. List of Generic Terms Proposed for Birds During 
the Years 1890 to 1900, Inclusive, to which are Added Names 
Omitted by Waterhouse in his ‘‘ Index Generum Avium.”— 
Non 12607. “May 2.1902." _ 22 ee 663-729 


Rogrnson, Wirt, and CHartes W. RicuMonp. An Anno- 
tated List of Birds Collected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, 
Venezuela.—No. 1247. October 3, 1901.°__.-..--.------ 163-178 


New species: Microcerculus pectoralis. 


Rogrnson, Wirt, and Marcus Warp Lyon, Jr. An Anno- 
tated List of Mammals Collected in the Vicinity of La 
Guaira, Venezuela.—No. 1246. October 3, 1901.'____.-- 135-162 


New species: Oryzomys medius, Lophostoma venezuele. 


Scuaus, WituiamM. Descriptions of New American Butter- 
fies; —— No, 1962! March 1, 19027!" °o > 2 eee 383-460 

New genus: Eucora, 

New species: Dircenna hugia, Leucothyris manora, Episcada pascua, 

E. carcinia, Pteronymia minna, P. calgiria, P. carlia, P. ilsia, 

Ithomia saleata, Calloleria tosca, Euptychia ocelloides, E. castrensis, 

KE. narapa, E. moneca EE. burgia, E. morima, E. pallema, E. 

borasta, Lymanopoda varola, Narope marmorata, Acrea ozinta, A. 

dognini, A. mitama, A. surima, A. quadra, Eresia crina, Phyciodes 


' Date of publication. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


fellula, P. sejona, P. brancodia, P. orticas, P. carigia, Adelpha 
goyama, A. barnesia, Chlorippe laurona, Eurygona cucuta, E. micela, 
E. rasonea, E. tarinta, Mesosemia mathania, M. friburgensis, Lymnas 
pelta, Symmachia eurina, S. satema, Eucora sanarita, Charis incoides, 
C. dukinfieldia, Chamelimnas joviana, C. similis, Mesene strigulata, 
M. martha, Bexotis bacenita, Calydna zea, Caria tabrenthia, Apodemia 
multiplaga, Hamearis dovina, Lepricornia tristis, Lemonias malca, 
Ithomeis lauronia, Stalachtis sontella, S. stellidia, Lycena griqua, 
L. cogina, Thecla giapor, T. xorema, T. carla, T. nugar, T. atrana, 
T. talama, T. normahal, T. malta, T. vomiba, T. vieca, T. rickmani, 
T. zurkvitzi, T. epopeoides, T. conoveria, T. curtira, T. tella, T. 
chaluma, T. taminella, T. rana, T. muattina, T. binangula, T. bolima, 
T. polama, T. foyi, T. aritides, T. echinita, T. guadala, T. tigonia, 
T. illex, T. hostis, T. gentilla, T. guzanta, T. fosteria, T. farmina, 
T. lanckena, T. chilica, T. humber, Leodonta marginata, Pieris 
sublineata, Papilio socama, Jemadia paulensis, J. brevipennis, 
Eudamus callicina, E. janita, E. pithys, Thymele subvirescens, T. 
grenadensis, Telegonus janeira, T. hurga, Nascus orima, N. orita, 
Telemiades megalloides, Cecropterus ochrilinea, Graius choricus, 
LTignyostola cydana, Pellicia bipuncta, P. vecina, P. capitans, 
Cyclosemia trigonilla, Eudamidas obscurior, Gorgythion beggoides, 
G. marginata, Anisochosia subpicta, Staphylus scoramus, S. anginus, 
S. minor, S. tadus, S. terrens, S. alicus, S. subapicatus, Heliopetes 
purgia, H. sublinea, Chiomara marthona, Thanaos austerus, Butleria 
arpia, Atrytone urqua, A. paranensis, A. brasina, Thymelicyus 
bahiensis, Augiades chalcone, A. anita, A. tania, A. turbis, A. aligula, 
Prenes diduca, Niconiades merendula, Phemiades jamaicensis, Cobalus 
fortis, C. rastaca, C. arita, Eutychide astiga, E. petrouna, E. barnesi, 
Thoon lugens, Rhinthon bomax, R. tanaris, Euroto etelka, E. purgis, 
E. coler, E. ritans, Phlebodes chittara, P. gulala, P. metonidia, P. 
fartuga, Honus garima, Phanis cumbre, P. tavola, Mucia matalma, 
Catia minaya, Euphyes menopis, Mnasalcas amatala, Papias tristis- 
simus, P. ctyanus, P. sobrinus, Lerodea tesera, Vehilius almoneus, V. 
carasta, V. chinta, Megistias eorius, M. ranesus, M. polistion, M. 
monestes, M. miaba, M. chula, M. vanilia, M. gispara, M. vorgia, 
M. sancoya, M. carinna, M. jamaca, M. corescene, Lerema coyana, 
L. stacara, L. elgina, Padraona sartia, P. calcarea, P. radiata, Hes- 
peria sucova, H. altama, H. caligula, H. misera, Callimormus dizses, 
C. verames, Mnestheus petrovna, Cymenes nux, C. dubitans, C. inter- 
media, C. occulta, Flaccilla coatepeca, F. ergola, Thracides orusca, 
T. bajula, T. biserta, Perichares triplaga. 


Stnpo, Micuiraro. <A Review of the Japanese Species of 


Surf-Fishes or Embiotocide.—No. 1260. February 26, 


(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 


——. A Review of the Pediculate Fishes or Anglers of 


Japan.——No- 1261. February 26, 19021. _.-/.-.--......- 
(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 


IX 


Page 


353-359 


361-381 


1 Date of publication. 


EP. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. A Review of the Discobolous 

Fishes of Japan.-—No. 1259. February 10, 1902*__-_____- 
(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 

A Review of the Gobioid Fishes of Japan, with 

Descriptions of Twenty-one New Species.—No. 1244. 

September 25; 1901S i. 225 oes ee Se ee ee 
(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 


A Review of the Gymnodont Fishes of Japan.— 
Nola... Noventber 30,190 S55. ieee ae ae ore 
(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 


A Review of the Hypostomide and Lophobranchiate 

Fishes of Japan.—No. 1241. September 27, 1901?-_----- 
(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 

A Review of the Labroid Fishes and Related Forms 


Found in the Waters of Japan.—No. 1266. May 2, 1902*_- 
(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 


A Review of the Salmonoid Fishes of Japan.— 
No: 265. = IManeh, 25. sl O02 tiie we pees eee ae paths 2 Bit 
(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 


A Review of the Trachinoid Fishes and their Sup- 

posed Allies Found in the Waters of Japan.—No. 1263. 

Mareh-28 31000 tees ce WE Ae ae ee ee 
(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 


Stanton, Trmorny W. Chondrodonta, a New Genus of 
Ostreiform Mollusks from the Cretaceous, with Descrip- 
tions of the Genotype and a New Species.—No. 1257. 
December. 30, 19012 on se Be ees eee 


New genus: Chondrodonta. 
New species; Chondrodonta glabra. 
Srarks, Epwin Cuaprn. <A Review of the Atherine Fishes 
of Japun.—No. 1250. Octobercie looses a= ees 
(See also under Jordan, David Starr.) 


STEARNS, Ropert E. C. The Fossil Fresh-Water Shells of 
the Colorado Desert, their Distribution, Environment, and 
Variation.—No. 1256. December 28, 1901*.__...__._-.- 


STEJNEGER, LeonHarD. A New Species of Bullfrog from 
Florida and the Gulf Coast.—No. 1252. October 4, 1901'- 


New species: Rana grylio. 


1 Date of publication. 


Page. 


343-351 


33-132 


229-264 


1-20 


595-662 


567-593 


461-497 


301-307 


199-206 


271-299 


211-215 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI 


STEJNEGER, LEoNHARD. An Annotated List of Batrachians 
and Reptiles Collected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, Vene- 
zuela, with Descriptions of Two New Species of Snakes.— 
Meee CO Nor eet ede oe Se 179-192 


New species: Phrynonax lyoni, Pseudoboa robinsoni. 
Wuitr, Davin. Two New Species of Alge of the Genus 


Buthotrephis, from the Upper Silurian of Indiana. No. 
Pare OVeMiero. 100K. . oe So OS ede oe ae 265-270 


New species: Buthotrephis divaricata, B. newlini. 


' Date of publication. 


iS On thbnUstRA TIONS. 


TEXT FIGURES. 


Page 
(0 ESE TGER ATES Eas ane SS iia ae A gc ee a pay AOE er 38 
MEER DCR CRED Ge, AR) eee We iatale cs ciccis Seteetee oe ie ecieiek See Meee Sacee -aemoee 40 
[SESS UMASS OS SSO Ce ROE Se nS ee a a ae 51 
Oc ye RSI ee ete SR pa oe eae eg ee 53 
SME IPERINAL Se io oh. oe aL ise awa cis nasa See one hota en eta ceoeee ase s 5d 
MOURNE TINUE are ee oe Oe eo SiS Sees cee a noe no eeeeie s Sern 59 
IE EOE IIL tL CLUGE eos tS ee SS ones meta greee earee etwas 60 
© ECE 0010 a eRe I py a li a ae ee ee 62 
SPST RR ENMU TPIS ete esate aon oi nie raise Aas Sosy x 80m alas ae I ee GS a nw aha alan Shela, 3 Sve 64 
MMIII CR et cg Pe oe ia ES esas Se clt as at ece slew as th yoses 68 
SNR (UE OOTIE? SSeS eee Sarees ied Ae eee re See eee eae 70 
MRE i Lit s ewer 2e.n ice ocaee = ae Se ciaw Ha Sotho sec sest see. tessa 73 
WMeenOGOULUSMOACTOONGINOS — 2-2-2 c0ce = 22--- 2 eee ae ese ayes Sere eee aa 
(ET EEA E 2 CG Re a eg er ee 81 
ds Re SRO YDS Sea ESE ee op ees i ee A oe ee ee ne PLE SE 83 
BE OG CROU RMI US crs Re air aca ooe Jos ove Saienica aes cceeccesneees 85 
EUS POU ISS en ee er ree 92 
IPE ICT CN ee Se Be cies eto eiSe= ace sce mee.cee <emses ae one 94 
ES COLON PLCS oe tat Sis ee = aa nia a eo Sain nels Se Refine Siac ceawe ewe 95 
MM ITIZONCOIOS 2. amare enc Spies ares sm am wo See eiie ooe cecnclewiew cence ooh cece sie 97 
(TURRETS (RACUIIILD Re os SS SR Oe Pres A sa a fer eee ee ne eee oe 100 
0 MLN, GGT TEES a ae SR ae ee eee ore ere 108 
REESE AT VALU SEL ey eine Ses mols oat aie ta line elo sen hes A een Aaa tae 111 
OMS a Rm mail tee as anit wa clf eases oases 1 eS a eRe OS ciseee 116 
MADRE RC LONE a mn ata a at ae ai Permian einer ania Slee sei ala ore eee 118 
oes TBE yeh LE Re SS eR ae gy Ae I eS ee ee eee ee LO) 
ETRE UES Ae ee a OA Sa eee ae 2 ea eRe ate iears 121 
pS OE OL SAS GBA a OS IOC Ee SEE a SEE IIe te eR ees 122 
Ma OL ere 2 Soa ae ae ieee = Be ei oon ea aie win ee 124 
meunfosobius guiaius (elongate example)... ...-..----=--..---------+-------- 124 
ERAN ECS AC aan sme eon eee e None Sansa anos ce eens 126 
arte eer a eis ioe oiale a ne aia. = See tn iain seni =e 127 
DML ECP CUE ee a toe omen ab ais cose ny Reins cs aseen alec - seme ss 129 
Superior and inferior views of type specimen of Mancalla californiensis (figs. 1 
and 2); corresponding portion of left humerus of Lomvia troile californica, 
BeEeannnenarced (tO) G))2o. sone. ee o ea oss en nec o scot -S-5 ee eeesie 134 
MUA Crp RA a 2a. fsa amos seas dota scone cee set! 183 
Leite l00U CLMALED SS BE Bee oO ae Cee eae ee eee 184 
PRE ORMC Mae POH! ee kee See eters eer ae aierainins eo wicie aS seisaie en cie'os > = 05 185 
Renn riees) 8 25 Paes i 2 fob eet ge ccegcaciee toes 32 estes 186 
BeMeeRran eo (otivna eos 858 a5 boon c nk thi wade evden btesce ++ -se8 187 


XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page. 
Cletig dohata (8. figs.) oscsscscsccdeeccstoweeen meee use as een sence ase ee 187 
Gletia semiaiicla (8 figs.) scscancoacestsSoeceeweeeeeseaecee=eesa— eee 188 
Pseudoboa newwiedtt (5 figs) oo. co~ceaeneeencwseasen en aieeesanemedcans see ae 189 
‘Pseudovoa.robinsont:. (Sihigs:))- Soe soas oe aeo eet ewicceeenee aac erecee seers 190 
Onybelis acuminoius (3 BGs.) 2 2s. os<2asies aoe en eee ae eoe een eee Sane 191 
Leplognathus variegaius (3 figs.) 22.22. 252s. cescoecctenn eases sense e a eee 192 
Athering woodward = 2.6 << non oes sipasc acct camcete acs pee canes eeeeee see 200 
PAT ENUNG ISUTUGE sos 2 own Soc e scicee <ieoe «soe aeee cine sie maie seals Sees eee 202 
cAtherionClyMUS 25. asta con dese sece wal oan aie Seeee See eee eee see eee eee 204 
WSO flOS-MGT8 5 2s Sede sees c's ace a See eee ise ele rae ee eee ee 205 
Diagrammatic ontlines of hind feet of Rana catesbeiana and Rana grylio, the 
former in solid lines:and. the latter’ dotted/ “<= 22 --- 2.2. 52.--e5-s25 5-5 eee 213 
Spheroides stictonotus ( Nagasakt ) 22.2 2. aes oe see = ee ee ee ee 236 
Spheroides stictonotus (Hakodate))...-.-,- cess ss —= + <sose ea eee 236 
Spneroules Qb0Nt--c 222 ieee aeons eee st ebisc. sasue aogeet eee ~ 240 
ISPRETOLACS CROSCUTUS 2.2 ccae sec oenesae . comin sae eeaeee eS ee eee 242 
Sphenoides Dorcalig. 2-22 = o-oo a a a a ee eee 245 
Sphercides niphobles 2... LosSeee sea jas caan selec eae ee ae eee ee 247 
Spheroides chrysopsyo. <5 22a so 3. score cae sees eee ase ne eae eee 249 
Hetraodon Meleagriss. 2s cacews oa ~~ soso s niece sieitinc sce siete ee eee eee 253 
PAT HIUGOUCO TOLEO) a asave tater a\arate ace oe mere = ee 276 
Amnicola longingua. (Gould)... s- 522.52 s2an- nS osss oases ee 285 
Huminicola-coumibiang (temphill) oo. 502.52-sceecenser ==) en ae eee eee 285 
Ammnicoia micrococcus (Pilsbry ) \..<c222s-5<chaeee aos esse as - == ee eee 286 
Fluminicola merriami (Pilsbry and Beecher) ....--.-.---------------2s--s4-- 286 
Anodonta californiensis (Lea) somewhat reduced -.-...-.-------------------- 287 
Panorbis trivoivis Say (original)... 22-22-20 obsess eees eee 296 
Planorbis trivolis Say distorted (original) ...:.-- 2-222 -----2<s-552-ee ea ee 296 . 
Pianorbisammon: (Gould) 2.222.222.5252 -555.1-6 jane eecee=e =. ee ee 296 
SIGENOMNEIMUS OWE aoe ca es ons Sosioe ae eee Ses eae ots se ome eiae nate ee ete eee eee 345 
Crystuas MASUSMIML. «- =o. oon s See oes wens manlanemes siecle Sane e a eee 550 
UNCOGUTEMIG, TORBONNEN om. 5 coce moos tock. ceases eacate eee aE Ee ee 356 
TAME LEMUMUNENY sania io = aan ins aia cinco w nie nin Sloe Siela esata ere 308 
TE OPTAOMUS TLULON «02.052 sccie oe cee newee cess teecesccseees ese en ee eee eae 365 
JEU NOLO ES SS Ene Se omec Sade Ao So 7 368 
CrOBRYNE TONING «<2 = <= = on cata om ales Syria ye eee lee a epee 370 
ARON TOPTUS SCYUPUSSINUS .... J20cssecet aan eee oe See eee ne ae eee 374 
PAT CHNETUUS SONQUILUUS...-- o- -'5 so css sono ee ake ae oe ee ee 375 
ANECNNONUUS NOU 2 Cobo soon seco abe ces aee se coe eee ee oe eee eee eee 376 
IMEMRODSIS POTCUG clos oo 5-2 saws tecsonemen eee «oedebmnied ccaeecns sauce eee 379 
IRGROMERCISOMMOLUN OS 2 xo a -.n3 ooo ne fone ae See eee eee eee 465 
PIER ODSATON. CUOLONS =. = oan =o 3 ove ese ooo eee aoe eee ee eee eee 471 
SPICROPSUTON VERECUNGUM... 2-020 5-ce ccece eco eae eee ee ee Maemo. 472 
VAGISCOMUSDUTTUS <.— oo.os = oo on 2 wn oe lols Seni e ee eee ae ale ee 479 
GROIN PODS ROPKINSL. << oo... -c0cs So - See nce cone eee neat eee 493 
CROLRY PODS CVE MOBI «0. 0. ow eo cee cee nee ects eee ee eee eee 494 
ILQUAMMSUMIO Sone mixin sno soni = ss oo = 3s Hoe cee ee oee oe eee eee eee eae 495 
Qncorlnjmchus masou . 5222-222 +See aso ose ee ee eee eee 572 
OnCOTRYNCNUS Ct... cosa = rs 05 oo 3 Scion Soin te eae ae ee ee eee eee eee eee 573 
EIUGCHO DIGCKIStONY.- = 5 = << 50 22 53s once ss os See eee See ae eee ee eee 580 
Pleeogiossus altiwels (from Formosa). ....2: -cssasccseeeneseen-eeeeeees = eee 585 
PA MERTIIL MAGOSNUNE <2 5 aot a car 5 = 35 25 cas An ee ee re ee 590 


IPOMUACERETUS. CLOSES boinc cs eo dees ec eee oe ee eee ee 603 


* LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XV 


Page 
EE CRN ee ole ere oo me Siainin inicio ve cicchaaecin/aaeinwie ec cce cess 618 
AIRES RE ee ee ae a 620 
memmcossphus reiculatus (very young)..-.-..------------.-=-------s---e see 622 
I MEIERLER Se ere ee ee eye omain ew casis Paces s nine a cecae =o SiS Jecnkes 630 
ETE no sla eine el wie aoe ee neste sete Seca eases 632 
INTL Ore et oe ae ia emaitae akan soca ocles cic oe ctehe= ses 633 
REED CU LPEMPCOMMUUUSE aioe ae sete oe sae sean nicl ne mcioee sce etal aes eee 640 
0S CGT SASS Re SESE 8 See See ea ee ee a a aera ee aes ee ee eS 642 
SMM UACHUTUNCKU ae Naa eae Meee ahem es eSu aS be Coke Selec eek 652 


Outline map of the Andaman and Nicobar islands and neighboring regions... 753 


PLATES. 

Facing page. 
a2, BOIS CTT GTNG Ll ee See oR Se Re Re 20 
EISOLEROSLOMUS CYONOPUCTUS, <2.0.ca'< <cJonn nana ace ce cne csc ee ees So Hemel 20 
PMO IIIS DO OCOOLUS -= 5am oreo bose Soe wee soc ee eeoSesccSee dees 20 
MEM LOUCRULYS ISIS RUS 2 a cca nan See eats acs ees esl eh tee snes 20 
RE ORME aa mca eis So elace aise sewas ace aoe ~ veee ce esc oS 20 
SE MCA MIS TIRUCENUUS 2 = = sic a tse ona s sats se esac ceed tens soces 20 
ES NRRATCE CIC] SUN GY2 [0 Oi > ERLE ke er 20 
ERI MNNAMN DUS HETTVMNUS 3c 2-2 35-32 co 0 Sass see Soc see eesti stn seete 20 
REMUS IOPONICUS = 2-22. 5 Siac ake eeecsad onc ccacs. oka ns- 2s 20 
SEE PNINE DIES SURMONIS a= oa tia as oh ee ete eee aes bccesccssena ss 20 
SPER NV UCHMUUS ORONMICEY (a2 ay So Ses eas seme cachet ni towels 20 
SNE OR Clie NCLEOM CG 35-25. 5255806 = oo 2 Sone ss 2552 b 2 sie kes ees 2s 198 
femoome aracknida irom Porto Rico. -.< 222 52.525..h.ccnsliecsene esse 228 
imaenuinomrepms divaricata. David White. ...-2..=-.--2+-.--+--25-+--.06 270 
meee buthoircphisnewlint. David White ..:.-..-...-::.2-----ss2i--0.-2-- 270 
av aricties Of Paludestrina protea. Gould .--..-...:.:.:-.--2---.------ 300 
SEEN RICAN IS PCCION OFF MY Ss < .tocehc-5-sheeseee Sec aSose net-seGeteeee 300 
PEEUAriAIOHS GL GeSerb PRYSIAG. ooo s5= o> <2 asi ges ee eee ccc ole ce cecee 300 
memeronaroaomea munsont..(HHaill’) .. 3. 2 5222222 eth tee eee ects tee. 308 
emenondragane-guaeord.s.- Stanton. ....-2-<-2.5<---s2--22222-2cbn nee ece 308 
meruimonata, chietly North American. ......------+-s--.-+--2-<------- 566 
PESO CREA. PUMNONA t= \o55 occ cseaec sme sost neces sS sane cect edeceseces 566 
SME at A MEeTrICatl! SAStrOPOdS...--o20-n-S2-~'2~.-254-5-0--osc----- chee kee 566 
Serbia; American pelecy pods =. 22... ..----2---sc0c-i 84-2 2 5eene- eee 566 
33. Argonauta expansa, Dall, Gulf of California ....-....-......--------.- 566 
DEES American: PASLTOPOUS <=. 2see soc cso dtwe eco sable nce l ye bde wane 566 
(8 PSTRCN SAT CG Ta 010 A ee a eg 566 
See en american castropods —. 23... 52----s-s6--24-3-----5-5-0cseene 8 566 
Pest American pelecy POUSa. soso. s. <2soca--sshsol-.e- see oce else ce 566 
ae eamdaman and Nicobar Mammals ......-...-:-------------.<-2-+---- 796 

43. Homes of (1) Otocoris alpestris praticola, Wooster, Ohio; and (2) O. a. 
leucolema, Staked Plains, near Dimmitt, Texas ............-.....-. 884 

44. Homes of Ofocoris alpestris leucolema. (1) Near Stillwater, Nevada; 
ipwoyape Mountaims, Nevada. 52-520 s-22.2522602..2.).2.2-.-5--- 884 

45. Homes of (1) Otocoris alpestris giraudi, shore of Matagorda Bay, Texas; 
and (2) O. a. adusta, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona ....-.--------- 884 
46. Mapi. Distribution of the genus Otocoris .......-:.--------.------- 884 
47. Map 2. Breeding areas of new world Otocoris -.....-........-------- 884. 
48-49. Maps 3-4. Breeding areas of old world Otocoris ........-....-------- 884 
BEENCIA TONING MIGHEOTILE§ 952 oo ks oe ee ok cece ee eons ene ie ihe Bae 914 


56. Outline map of Kansas, showing meteorite finds and falls.........-.-- 914 


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7, 


A REVIEW OF THE HYPOSTOMIDE AND LOPHOBRAN- 
CHIATE FISHES OF JAPAN. 


By Davip Starr JORDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, 
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


The present paper contains a review of the Hypostomide and Lopho- 
branchiate fishes of Japan, the families Pegasidee, Solenostomide, 
Syngnathide, and Pegasidee. It is based on specimens obtained in 
Japan by the authors in the summer of 1900, a series of duplicates 
being in the United States National Museum, and upon the collection of 
Japanese fishes in the United States National Museum, as well as upon 
specimens collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer ° 
Albatross. 

In this work we have had the efficient aid of Mr. Michitaro Sindo, 
who has carefully compared and measured all the recorded specimens. 


Suborder HYPOSTOMIDES. 


Body covered with bony plates, anchylosed on the trunk, movable 
on the tail. Gill cover formed by a large plate corresponding to the 
opercle, preopercle, and subopercle. One rudimentary branchiostegal. 
Gills four, lamellated: Ventral fins abdominal. Dorsal and anal 
short, of soft rays only. No pseudobranchivw or air-bladder. This 
group contains a single family; fantastic little fishes of the Asiatic 
seas. [ 

(v0, below; @TO“a, mouth.) 


Family 1. PEGASID. 


Body broad, much depressed, covered with bony plates; mouth 
small, below a prolonged snout, its margin formed by the premaxil- 
laries; no teeth; suborbital ring well developed, forming a suture 
with the gill cover. Pectorals broad, very laree, placed horizontally; 
ventrals well behind the pectorals, not far from the vent, of one or 
two rays, one of them very long; tail four angled, the short dorsai 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. XXIV—No. 1241. 
rou. WN. MM. vol. xxiv—01——1 mt 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


and anal placed on it opposite to each other. Caudal small. Vertebree 
few; no ribs. Intestinal canal short. East Indies. 


a. Pectoral! rays equally slender, none of them spine-like; tail short, of stout rings, 
not taperine and tlattenedsposte no rly aes eee Zalises. 1 


1. ZALISES Jordan and Snyder, new genus 
Zalises JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (draconis). 


The genus contains those species of Pegasidw which have the tail 
short and not attenuate and compressed toward the tip, and in which 
the pectoral rays are all slender and simple, none of them spine-like. 
East Indies. (Ca@An, surf; ons, moth. ) 


1. ZALISES UMITENGU Jorddn and Snyder, new species. 
UMITENGU. 
(Plates bp 0) 
Pegasus draconis IsaikAwa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p.5, Boshu Kii (not of Linnzeus). 


Head 2% in length; width, posterior to pectorals, 33. D.5; A. 5; 
P.10; V.2. Vent midway between front of eye and base of caudal 
fin. Tail of 8 rings. Trunk gibbous, the median depressed part 
divided by three cross-ridges; obtuse tubercles at the meeting points 
of the lengthwise and cross ridges of the back; nape with two deep 
pits; first, second, fourth, and fifth tail rings each with a compressed 
spine directed backward; pectoral 3 in body, as long as from tip of 
snout to nuchal pits; fifth pectoral ray not enlarged; snout prolonged, 
longer than in any other species, its length from eye 5 in body, the 
part before the mouth more than twice as long as broad, with a finely 
serrated edge on the dilated blade on each side; distance from middle 
of shoulder girdle to tip of snout, 24 in total length (84 in P. draconis). 

Color brownish, finely marked with darker. The snout and the last 
two caudal rays black; pectoral with fine brown dots on the rays, the 
outer part of the fin paler. 

Seas of Japan, here described from a dried specimen, 75 millimeters 
long, from the province of Kili (Wakanoura), presented by the Imperial 
Museum of Tokyo. 

Type.—No. 6518, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 

The species closely resembles 2. draconis of the East Indies, but 
differs from descriptions and figures in the longer and narrower snout, 
and rather longer tail. Other specimens supposed to be the same are 
in the collection from Boshu (near Misaki), and another from Kii. 

(Umi, sea; Tengu, a long-nosed god of a humorous nature, in Jap- 
anese mythology.) 


'The fifth pectoral ray is enlarged and spine-like in the genus Pegasus (P. volitans 
Linneeus). The tail is elongate, the posterior rings flattened and compressed in the 
genus Parapegasus Dumeéril, type, P. natans Bloch. 


NO. 1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 3) 


Order rOrnOB RANE Ell: 
THE LOPHOBRANCHS. 


Gills tufted, not laminated, composed of small rounded lobes attached 
to the gill arches. Interclavicles well developed. Scapula suspended 
to the cranium by a post-temporal. Superior branchihyals and pharyn- 
geals, and basal branchihyals wanting or not ossified. Mouth very 
small, bounded above by the premaxillaries. Post-temporal simple, 
codssified with the cranium; basis of the cranium simple. Pectoral 
fins with elevated bases. Anterior vertebrae modified, the diapophyses 
much expanded. Air bladder simple, without air duct. Snout pro- 
duced, bearing the small toothless mouth at the end. Gill covers 
reduced to a large simple plate. Skin with bony plates. Muscular 
system little developed. 

(Aodgos, crest: Bpayx, gill.) 


FAMILIES OF LOPHOBRANCHII. 


a. Spinous and soft dorsal present; ventral fins present; gill openings wide. 
SoLENOSTOMID.E. 2 
aa. Spinous dorsal fin wanting; no ventral fins; gill openings narrow. 
SYNGNATHIDA. 3 
Family 2. SOLENOSTOMID. 
Body compressed, the tail very short, the snout long, compressed. 
All parts covered with thin skin, below which is the dermal skeleton 
with star-like ossifications. Spinous dorsal short; soft dorsal and anal 
long, with elevated base; caudal long. Ventrals close together, inserted 
opposite spinous dorsal, each of seven rays; the fins free in the male; 
in the female adnate to the body forming a large pouch for the 
reception of the eggs. Branchiostegals 4, very thin. Intestinal canal 
very simple. Singular fishes of the Kast Indies, constituting a single 
genus. 


2. SOLENOSTOMUS Laecépede. 
Solenostomus LAcEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1808, p. 36 (paradoxrus.) 


Characters of the genus included above. (@@ANY, razor; TTOMA, 
mouth. ) 


a. Snout rather stout, its median depth 43 in its length; color pink, everywhere with 
fine brown spots; first dorsal with two large ovate black spots; caudal with 
SPE? fC) gk eee Ps Ge i aoa att te OT a ea cyanoplerus. 2 

aa. Snout elongate, its median depth 6% in its length; color brownish, irregularly 

mottled with orange; membrane of dorsal and caudal blotched with darker, 
the spots on first and second membranes of dorsal most distinct -.paradowus. 3 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


2. SOLENOSTOMUS CYANOPTERUS (Bleeker). 
(Plate IL.) 


Solenostomus paradoxus BureKker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., Ill, p. 308, Hawaii, 
Ceram.—Kaup, Lophobranchiates, 1856, p. 2, Ile of France, India, New 
Guinea (not of Pallas). 

Solenostoma cyanopterum BiEEKER, Nat. Hist. Ned. Ind., VI, p. 506, Hawaii, 
Ceram.—GitnTHeER, Fishes of Zanzibar, p. 137, pl. xx, figs. 2, 3, Zanzibar; 
Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 151, Zanzibar, Ceram, China.—DumeEriz, Hist. Poiss., 
II, 1870, p. 497, New Guinea. 

Head 24 in length; depth 5. D. V.-20; P. 27; V. 7; A. 19; C. 15. 
Depth of snout at middle 43 in its length. Eye 64 in snout; dorsal 
spines 2 in head; ventral equal to snout or a little more; caudal a little 
shorter than head. Caudal peduncle shorter than base of second dor- 
sal. Color pink, with small black dots like ink specks, scattered over 
head and upper part of body; eye red; fins pale, the spinous dorsal 
with two long black ocelli (said to be dark blue in life) on membranes 
of first and second spines, besides black dots, caudal with small inky 
spots like those on body, but more elongate, several of them drawn 
out into lines. 

Japan to Zanzibar, occasionally northward in the Kuro Shiwo, 
doubtfully recorded from Hawaii. Known in Japan from a single 
adult female, taken at Boshu (Awa) by Dr. Kishinouye, and by him 
presented to Stanford University. 

(xvaveos, blue; 7TEpor, fin.) 


3. SOLENOSTOMUS PARADOXUS (Pallas). 


(Plate IV.) 

Fistularia paradoxa PALuas, Spicilegia, VIII, p. 32, pl. tv, fig. 6, Amboyna.— 
ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1807, p. 114, pl. xxx, fig. 1 (copied). 

Solenostomus paradoxus LAckPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1803, p. 36, copied.— 
Ricnarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 203, Canton, after Chinese drawings.— 
DumeértL, Hist. Poiss., IJ, 1870, p. 497, Mauritius. 

Solenostoma paradoxa GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 152, Amboyna. 

Head 22 in length; depth 54. D. V.-21; P. 24; V. 7; A. 22. Depth 
of snout at its middle 6} in length. Eye 7 in snout; dorsal spines 
14 in head; ventrals a little longer than snout; caudal a little longer 
than head; caudal peduncle a little more than 2 in base of second 
dorsal. 

Color light brown, with irregular oblong spots of orange brown, 
each with a paler center, one series of these forming an irregular 
stripe from eye to caudal;-some darker blotches on snout and on ven- 
trals; two dark blotches with pale center between the dorsal fins; an 
oblong blackish blotch on each membrane of spinous dorsal, the first 
two most distinct, besides numerous other blotches; soft dorsal and 
anal mottled; caudal clouded with blackish. 


7yo.1241. CHRTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 5 


~ = 


East Indies, north in the Kuro Shiwo to Japan. One fine adult 
female specimen presented to us by Dr. K. Kishinouye, taken at 
Boshu (Awa) with the preceding species. It is not certain that this 
species is the original paradowus of Pallas, but it is obviously nearer 
to it than the preceding. 

(zapado&os, paradox.) 


Family 3. SYNGNATHID. 
THE PIPE FISHES. 


Body elongate, usually slender, covered with bony plates which are 
firmly connected, forming a bony carapace. Head slender, the snout 
long, tube-like, bearing the short toothless jaws at theend. Gill open- 
ings reduced to a small aperture behind the upper part of the opercle. 
Tail long, prehensile or not, usually provided with a small caudal fin. 
Male fishes with an egg pouch, usually placed on the under side of the 
tail, sometimes on the abdomen, commonly formed of two folds of skin 
which meet on the median line. The eggs are received into this pouch 


and retained until sometime after hatching, when the pouch opens, 


permitting the young to escape. Dorsal fin single, nearly median, of 
soft rays only; pectorals small, or wanting; ventrals, none; anal fin 
minute, usually present. Small fishes, found in all warm seas, some- 
times entering fresh waters. 


Syngnathine: 


a. Tail not prehensile, usually with a caudal fin; axis of head usually in line 
with axis of body. 
b. Humeral bones united. 
c. Pectoral fins present; caudal present. 
d. Male with the egg pouch under the tail, formed by lateral membranes 
which become connected along the middle, forming a closed pouch. 
e. Dorsal fin inserted over or just before the vent. 
jf. Base of the dorsal fin not raised above the level of the back. 
g. Opercle not crossed by a horizontal ridge; form slender. 
Syngnathus. 3. 
gg. Opercle crossed by a horizontal ridge; form rather robust, the 
Keehn er Tanyas ea gs) ee Dae Se Corythroichthys. 4. 
Sf. Base of dorsal fin raised above the level of the back. 
h. Snout elongate, not serrated nor spinulose; body slender; oper- 
Cletwithoubmridee .. 2 2os3sght asset obs. se Se Yozia. 5. 
hh. Snout short, rough or serrate above. 
i. Opercle without prominent ridge; body slender, without 


heshivstlaps sis se Ss cee eel a3 195) Trachyrhamphus. 6 
vi. Opercle with a prominent ridge; body stout, with fleshy 
flaps; forehead elevated; nape crested. - - - - Halicampus. 7. 


ee. Dorsal fin placed at a considerable distance behind the vent; pec- 
toral and caudal fins very small; base of dorsal not elevated. 
Urocampus. 8. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Liippocampine: 
aa. Tail prehensile; caudal fin small; head shaped like that of a horse, placed 
at a large angle with axis of body; egg pouch at base of tail. 
i. Body depressed; shields smooth. .....-.---- Gasterotokeus. 9. 
vi. Body compressed. 

j. Occiput without coronet; shields without tubercles. 
Acentronura. 10. 
jj. Oceiput with a narrow bony crest, surmounted by a coro- 
net; shields with tubercles or spines - -. Hippocampus. 11, 


3. SYNGNATHUS! Linnaeus. 


Syngnathus Lixnagus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 337 (acus). 
Siphostoma RAFINESQUE, Caratteri Nuoyi Generi, 1810, p. 18 (pelagicus). 
Syngnathus Swarnson, Nat. Hist. Class’n. Anim., If, 1839, p. 332 (acus), and of 
authors generally; not of Linnaeus, as first restricted by Rafinesque. 
Dermatostethus Gruu, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 283 ( punctipinnis). 
‘Body elongate, very slender, 6 or 7 angled, not compressed, taper- 
ing into a very long tail; the dorsal keels of the trunk not continuous 
with those of the tail. Head slender, tapering into a long tube-like, 
subterete snout, which bears the very short, toothless jaws at the end. 
Opercle without distinct ridge. Humeral bones firmly united with 
the ‘‘ breast ring.” Body covered with a series of bony, keeled, radi- 
ated plates, arranged in linear series. Dorsal fin distinct, rather 
short, inserted before or after the vent. which is near the middle of 
the body, its base not elevated above line of back; caudal fin present, 


‘rather small; anal fin minute, close behind vent; pectorals developed, 


short and rather broad. Male fishes with an egg pouch along the 
under side of the tail, formed by two cutaneous folds, and splitting 
lengthwise to release the young fishes. Species very numerous, 
inhabiting all warm seas; abounding in bays among the seaweeds, and 
entering the rivers. The females in most species are deeper than the 
males, with more robust trunk, with longer snout, and a more distinet 
ventral keel. 
(ovr, together; yvados, jaw.) 

a. Snout slender, 13 in head; body rings about 19+ 40; dorsal rays about 37; body 

slender; coloration plain! 22202 2225 Se 5 foe we ee te C1 AO cL mmet 


1The genus Syngnathus of Linnaeus, originally equivalent to the modern family of 
Syngnathide, was first subdivided by Rafinesque in 1810. The name Siphostoma was 
given to S. pelagicus and its relatives, the Syngnathus of late writers; that of Tiphle 
to S. typhle, the Siphonostoma of late writers; while Syngnathus was retained for 
S. aequoreus and its relatives, the group now usually called Nerophis, the type of 
Nerophis being Syngnathus ophidion Linnaeus. This arrangement has been previously 
adopted by us, but it is open to two very serious objections besides the fact that it is 
contrary to the general usage, which makes acus the type of Syngnathus, in accord- 
ance with Swainson’s arrangement. These objections are (1) that Artedi, from 
whom Linnaeus accepted the genus Syngnathus, did not know of the existence of 
Syngnathus xquoreus, and (2) the statement of Linnaeus (which we have been 
unable to verify), that the type of each of his genera is the ‘‘ best known European 
or officinal species.” Syngnathus acus would meet this requirement, but not Syngna- 
thus equoreus, which had not then been found in Europe. 


no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AN] SNYDER. 7 


4. SYNGNATHUS SCHLEGELI (Kaup). 
YOJI-UWO (CHOPSTICK OR TOOTHPICK FISH). 


Syngnathus tenvirostris SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 273, pl. cxx, 
fig. 5, Nagasaki (not of Rathke). 
Syngnathus schlegeli! Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 46, Nagasaki, after Schlegel.— 
DumeritL, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 554. 
Siphostoma schlegeli JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. S$. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1901, 
p. 350, Tokyo. 
Syngnathus griseolineatus IsH1KAwa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 5, Kagoshima (not of 
Ayres). 
Head 2+ to 24 in trunk; head and trunk 14 to 12 in tail; rings 
19+ 40 (18 to 20+ 39 to 48); dorsal rays 37 (85 to 41). Snout slender, 
2 in head (12 to 1%). Egg peouch 1% to 1} in tail. Dorsal inserted 
opposite the vent, or very slightly in sdganee of it, covering 8 or 9 
rings; depth of body 43 to 4% in head. The specimens from Aomori 
are more slender, the depth 5 to 6 in head. 
Color light or dark brownish, frequently with small whitish dots. 
Bays of Japan. Exceedingly common from Hokkaido to Nagasaki. 
Our many specimens from Otaru, Mororan, Hakodate, Aomori, Mat- 
sushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Tsuruga, and Onomichi. North- 
ern examples are slightly slenderer, with rather longer snout, and the 
number of rings more often approaches the maximum. No tangible 
distinction is, however, apparent. (Named for Professor Schlegel, of 
Leyden, the learned author of the volume on fishes in the Fauna 
Japonica.) 
AZ CORY Li RO ETS) Kearuip: 


Corythroichthys Kaur, Lophobranchiates, 1856, p. 25 (albirostris). 


This genus is composed of stout-bodied roughish pipe-fishes, in 
which the opercle is crossed by a horizontal ridge, and the base of the 
dorsal fin is not elevated. Top of head keeled; dorsal rays and body 
rings rather few. Tropical. 

(kopvdpos, crown; tyOUs, fish.) 

a. Snout short, about 2 in head; body rings about 17 + 35; dorsal rays about 29; body 


robust with marked angles; color olive, with dark bars; sides of head with black 
Mireaksulinodi with blacks bardi222 aes oe sn sees esse San seoe ets ol isigakius. 5. 


5. CORYTHROICHTHYS ISIGAKIUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
(Plate V.) 


Head 7% in length; 24 in trunk; depth 23 in head; snout 24; eye 5; 
dorsal 27, on 6 rings; anal 4; rings 16+-35. 

Body short, rather thick; snout very slender, about as long as rest 
of head, straight, subterete in form ae not eu a crest on each 


ee schlegeli Gites ts ein seems to be a different fish. D. 40; 
osseous rings 19 + 44 to 46; tail more than thrice length of trunk, ete. 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


side of head above eyes; interorbital space deeply concave; a promi- 
nent median crest of 3 lobes; opercle with a keel and a covered ridge 
above it; ridges of body strongly developed; neither the dorsal nor 
the lateral keels of body connected with dorsal keels of tail. 

Dorsal inserted just- posterior to anal opening; caudal contained 3 
times in head. 

Color light gray, with numerous diffuse dark cross bands, arranged 
in pairs, a black dot at edge of each plate on dorsal keel; sides of head 
with three black longitudinal streaks, the lowest below eye; throat 
below with a black median streak, behind which are three black cross 
bars, these bars wanting in one specimen. Described from the type, 
No. 6519, Leland Stanford Junior University collection, taken at 
Yaeyama, Ishigaki Island, Riukiu group, by Capt. Alan Owston. 

Other examples from the same locality measure as follows: Head 2} 
to 22 in trunk; head and trunk 11 to 14 in tail; rings 16+34 to 36; D. 
27 to 29. Length 110 to 150 millimeters. 

(Ishigaki, stone-fence in Japanese.) 

5. YOZIA Jordan and Snyder, new genus: 
Yozia JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (wakanoure). 

This genus is closely allied to Zrachyrhamphus, with which it agrees 
in the elevated base of the dorsal fin. The snout is, however, essentially 
as in Syngnathus, elongate and without serrations above. 

( Yoj/-wvo, or toothpick tish, the Japanese name for all pipe-fishes. ) 

6. YOZIA WAKANOURZ Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
(Plate VI.) 


?Syngnathus coarctatus BuEEKrER, Fischf. Amboyna, 1857, p. 99, Amboyna.— 
DumeriL, Hist. Poiss, II, 1870, p. 569, Amboyna. 

? Syngnathus zanzibarensis GUNTHER, Fishes Zanzibar, 1866, p. 140, pl. xx, fig. 5, 
Zanzibar; Coll. Lieut. Playfair; Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 168, Zanzibar, 
China. 

Head 24 in trunk; head and trunk 14 in tail; rings 24+59. D. 27; 
P. 16; C. 5. Snout more than half head, equal to distance from front 
of eye to posterior edge of front ring, which is very near tip of 
pectoral. Eye 4 in snout, 2 in postorbital space. Snout slender, its 
upper edge smooth. Interorbital space rather broad, concave; occiput 
and nape with a low, roughish median ridge, or keel, posteriorly; a low 
keel above opercle; trunk rather deeper than broad, slightly swollen 
at the middle under the elevated base of dorsal fin; depth of body 43 
in head, 47 in total length. No spines. Vent below middle of dorsal, 
which stands on six rings. 

Color very dark brown, with lighter and darker marblings. 

One female specimen, 265 millimeters long, taken by Jordan and 
Snyder at Wakanoura. (Type, No. 6517, Leland Stanford Junior 
University Museum.) We describe it as new with some doubt, as the 
East Indian forms coarctata and zanztharensis are very close to it. 


. 


no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 9 


It agrees very ploceh: oe Bie Ganiher s Sascounit of zanz Hbrirens 
Be itictanding the wide difference in locality. From Duméril’s 
account of coarctata it differs in the slightly longer snout and greater 
nuchal keel. Duméril regards Zanzibarensis as identical with Syngna- 
thus coarctatus from Amboyna, which may be correct. In)” coarctata 
the rings are 22 + 59 to 63; D. 30; P. 19; occiput not keeled. 


6. TRACHYRHAMPHUS Kaup. 


Trachyrhamphus Kaur, Lophobranchiates, 1856, p. 25 (serratus Kaup, not of 
Schlegel. ) 

This genus is very close to Syngnathus, from which it-differs in hav- 
ing the base of the dorsal elevated, forming a slight protuberance on 
the back, and in having the upper edge of the snout serrated. Japan. 

(rpayxvs, rough; paugos, snout.) 


7. TRACHYRHAMPHUS SERRATUS (Schlegel). 


Syngnathus serratus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 272, pl. cxx, fig. 
4, Nagasaki.—B.erKker, Verh. Bat. Gen., Nalez, X XV, p. 55, Japan.—Gin- 
THER, Cat. Fishes, VIII, 1870, p. 167, North China, Siam.—Dumertin, Hist. 
Poiss., II, 1870, p. 5388, Macao.—Day, Fishes of India, p. 677, pl. cLxxim1, fig. 
4.—Nysrrom, Handl. Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 47, Nagasaki.—Day, 
Fish. Brit. India, IJ, p. 461. 

Trachyrhamphus cultrirostris Prerers, Monatsber, Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1869, p. 710 
(said to be a young example). 

Head 4 to 44 in trunk; head and trunk 12 in tail. Rings 23 or 24+ 
46 to 48. Dorsal rays 26 to 28; pectoral 15 or 16; caudal 9. Snout 
24 in head. Eye 14 in snout, 2 in postorbital part of head. 

Snout strongly serrated above, on its basal two-thirds. Interorbital 
space broad, with the orbital ridges prominent, smooth; occiput and 
nape witha median ridge. Opercle finely radiated. Lateral line bent 
downward, passing into the edge of abdomen. Body scarcely deeper 
than broad; shields without spines. Vent nearly below middle of dor- 
sal fin, which stands on six rings. Base of dorsal elevated; egg pouch 
14 to 2 in tail. Color dark brown, plates with paler edges; body 
faintly banded in rings; neck below with dark cross-bands. Length 
about 300 millimeters. 

Coasts of Japan and China; rather common. Known to us from 
numerous specimens from Yokohama, Wakanoura, and Nagasaki; the 
present description from specimens from Wakanoura 
 (Serratus, serrate.) 


7. HALICAMPUS Kaubp. 
Halicampus Kaur, Lophobranchii, 1856, p. 22, (conspicillatus Kaup, not of 
Jenyns. ) 
This genus agrees with Zrachyrhamphus in the serrated snout and 
in the elevated base of the dorsal fin. The snout is thin and short, set 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


with rows of small spines distinctly separated from the high forehead 
and elevated orbits. Nape and breast with comb-like crest. Dorsal 
fin short. Angles of body rough, furnished with fleshy tags. East 
Indies. 

(@As, sea; Kapros, caterpillar.) 


8. HALICAMPUS KOILOMATODON (Bleeker). 


Halicampus conspicillatus Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 22, ‘‘India,’? New Holland 
(not of Jenyns). 

Halicampus grayi Kaur, Manuscript British Museum, ‘‘India,’’ (noted by Kaup 
in synonymy). 

Syngnathus koilomatodon BuEEeKer, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., Japan, V. p. 10, 
pl. 1, fig. 1, Nagasaki. Specimen 4 inches long. 

Syngnathus grayi GéNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 169, after Kaup’s type of 
uncertain locality, possibly Australia. 

D. 20. Rings 18+ 35. Base of dorsal fin elevated. Snout less 
than half head, with series of minutes spines; forehead high, its pro- 
file abruptly descending toward snout. Occiput and neck elevated 
into a crest; eyes large, prominent; edge of orbit rough. Opercle 
with radiating striz and a strong ridge bent upward; humerus with a 
trihedral prominence. Body not deeper than broad; shields without 
spines, but the ventral edges of the caudal rings forming a pouch 
horizontally dilated. Tail half longer than the body. Vent below 
middle of dorsal, which stands on four rings. Caudal very small. Egg 
pouch half length of tail. A deep brown spot on side of fourth body 
ring. (Giinther.) 

Coasts of Japan and southward, rare; recorded from Nagasaki by 
Bleeker. Not seen by us. We use the name o7lomatodon as being 
prior to the adoption of gray by any author, and also as its type is 
certainly of Japanese origin. (KoiA@pa, a hallowed place; odors, 
tooth.) 

8. UROCAMPUS Gunther: 
Urocampus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p.179 (manus). 


Pipe-fishes, with the dorsal on the tail far behind the vent. Body 
elongate, compressed, with distinct longitudinal ridges; upper edge of 
trunk continuous with that of tail; lateral line continuous with lower 
caudal edge. ‘Tail elongate, very slender, quadrangular, tapering, the 
last rings very small; pectoral developed. Dorsal entirely on the tail. 

g 2 ] ] J 

(ovpa, tail; Kapzros, abbreviation for Hippocampus. ) 

g. UROCAMPUS RIKUZENIUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
(Plate VII.) 

Head 113 in length, 24 in trunk; depth 23 in head; snout 24; eye 
63; dorsal 16, on 5 rings; anal rings 11+ 59. : 

Body short; the depth anterior to anal opening about equal to length 
of snout; tail long, very slender, tapering to an extremely small caudal 


no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 1 


peduncle. Snout scarcely lower than forehead; its depth equal to 
diameter of eye; chin with two slender barbels, slightly longer than 
diameter of eye. Supraorbital ridges converging to median ridge of 
snout; lateral ridges of snout converging above at the tips. Opercle 
with divergent strizw, a ridge near the middle and one along its upper 
edge. Occiput with a low, three-lobed, median ridge. Dorsal keels 
of body continuous with those of tail; lateral keels of body continuous 
with the ventrolateral keels of tail; median line of belly with a high, 
narrow keel; under part of tail with a low ridge. 

Distance from dorsal to vent 5% times in tail; the height of dorsal 
about equal to depth of tail at base of fin; its base with a low ridge. 
Length of pectoral somewhat greater than the diameter of eye. Anal 
very small. Caudal minute, scarcely discernible. 

Color dark brown, with white spots along the edges of each ring, 
these more conspicuous on tail, forming cross-bands; a dark streak 
along median line of belly. 

A single-specimen 119 millimeters long, type No. 6520 Leland 
Stanford Junior University Museum, taken in Matsushima Bay. It is 
very close to Urocampus nanus, described from a single female speci- 
men from Manchuria; but that species has the rings 11+ 50, appar- 
ently no barbels, a smooth operculum, and no anal fin, characters 
which, if authentic, may be of generic value. 

(Rikuzen, the province in which Sendai and Matsushima are located.) 


9WGAS TH ROTOK EUs) Heekel. 


Gasterotokeus Hecke, in Kaup, Lophobranchiate Fish, 1856, p.18 (biaculeatus). 
Syngnathoides Burrxer, Nat. Tydskr. Ned. Ind., I], p. 259 (bloch7). 

General form of Syngnathus, but the tail finless and prehensile. 
Body depressed, the lateral line running along the margin of the 
abdomen. Shields smooth. Tail shorter than the rest of the body. 
Pectorals present. Males carrying the eggs embedded in the soft 
membrane of the abdomen without a pouch. 

(vaornp, belly; ToKos, foetus.) 


10. GASTEROTOKEUS BIACULEATUS (Bloch). 


Syngnathus biaculeatus Buocn, Ichthyol., IV, 1787, p. 10, pl. cxxt, figs. 1, 2, Kast 
Indies. 

Gasterotokeus biaculeatus Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 19, Canton, Malayan Fishes, 
1850, p. 387.—GtnrneEr, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 194, Zanzibar, Seychelles, 
Singapore, Amboyna, Celebes, Philippines, *China Sea, Cape York.— 
Dumerit, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 528; Amboyna, Nias, China, Red Sea, 
Zanzibar, Madagascar.—GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 149; 
Shimoda.—Isuikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 4, Miyakoshima. 

Gasterotoceus biaculeatus, Day, Fish. India, pp. 6, 81, pl. cixxiv, fig. 5; Fish. 
Brit. India, II, p. 467. 

Syngnathus tetragonus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 1453, after Bloch. 

Syngnathoides blochii Buerxer, Nat. Tydskr. Ned. Ind., II, p. 259. 

Solegnathus blochii BLerKer, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXV, p. 24. 


1? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Rings 18 + 45 to 55. D. 40 to 45; P. 17 to 28. Head 2 in trunk; 
tail shorter than trunk. A more or less distinct space on upper 
margin of orbit. A blunt prominence on occiput. Origin of dorsal 
nearly opposite vent, its base covering ten rings; usually a small 
barbel on mandible; adult sometimes with minute filaments along 
lower side of head, body, and tail. (Giinther.) 

Color pale green or brown, orange below, a pale spot edged with 
vermilion on each body-ring; lower side of head with dark markings. 
(Day.) 

East Indies, common, rarely north to Japan; one specimen taken at 
Shimoda by Commodore Perry’s expedition; a specimen from Miyako- 
-shima in the Imperial Museum of Tokyo; none taken by us. (07s, two; 
aculea, spine. ) 


10. ACENTRONURA Kaup. 
Acentronura Kaur, Lophobranchiates, 1856, p. 18 (gracilissima) . 


Small slender sea-horses, without coronet. Trunk slightly com- 
pressed; tail prehensile and finless. Occiput compressed into a crest, 
without coronet. Shields without spines. Pectoral fins present. 
Edge of trunk continuous with that of tail. Egg pouch as in //ppo- 
campus, at base of tail.- 

(a—, without; Kévtporv, spine; oupa, tail.) 


11. ACENTRONURA GRACILISSIMA (Schlegel). 


Hippocampus gracilissimus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., p. 274, pl. cxx, fig. 6, 
Nagasaki. 

Acentronura gracillima Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 18, Nagasaki (rings 42 to 45).— 
GinrueR, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 198, after Schlegel.—Dumerit, Hist. Nat. 
Poiss. II, 1870, p. 527, after Schlegel.—? Day,! Fish. India, p. 681, pl. cLxxv1, 
fig. 1; ? Fish. Brit. India, II, p. 467, Andamans.—Nysrrom, Hand]. Svensk. 
Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 47, Nagasaki. 


Head 1% in trunk; head and trunk 1$ in tail; rings 13+ 45 or 46° 


(41 to 45, Day). _D. 16; ‘P. 12; A.3.” Snout 25 1m head; eye 13.0 
snout; 2 in postorbital part of head. Egg pouch on 13 plates; dorsal 
on 4 rings; two on tail; its base with a prominent elevation. Dorsal 
ridges of body continuous with those of tail. Suborbital ridges very 
prominent, joining above the snout to form a triangular crest, then 
spreading out to form a triangular figure above snout. Occiput 
divided by a depression; body slightly thicker than head. 

Color brownish, with small pale dots and dark markings; dorsal with 
groups of small blackish dots, forming a dark crossband. 

Coast of Japan, rare; one fine male specimen 62 millimeters long 
obtained off Misaki in the Kuro Shiwo (gracilimus, very slender). 


'The two specimens from the Andamans dredged by Mr. J. Wood-Mason :re 
described by Dr. Day as having 13 + 41 to 45 rings. 


—— 


no.1241. CHRTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. is 


11. HIPPOCAMPUS Rafinesque. 
SEA-HORSES. 


Hippocampus RAFINESQUE, Indice d’Ittiologia Siciliana, 1810, p. 37 (hippocampus). 
Hippocampus Leacu, Zool. Mise., 1814, p. 103 (hippocampus). 


Body strongly compressed, the belly gibbous, tapering abruptly to 
a long, quadrangular, prehensile tail. Head with a distinct curved 
neck, placed nearly at a right angle with the direction of the body, 
surmounted by a compressed occipital crest, on the top of which is an 
angular, star-shaped coronet; top and sides of the head with spines. 
Physiognomy remarkably horselike, like that of a conventional 
“knight” at chess. Body and tail covered with bony plates, forming 
rings, those on the body each with six spines or tubercles, those on 
the tail with four. Pectoral fins present, short and broad; anal min- 
ute, usually present; dorsal fin moderate, opposite the vent. Egg 
pouch in the male a sac at the base of the tail, terminating near the 
vent. Species numerous in all warm seas. They attach themselves 
by their tails to seaweed and other floating substances, and are often 
carried to great distances by currents. 

(ixz0Kap7os, the ancient name, from izzos, horse; KQMTOS, % 
wriggling sea monster, or a caterpillar.) 


«a. Dorsal fin long, of 15 to 18 rays. 
b. Snout long, 2 to 24 in head; coronet low. 
c. Spines of neck ai body cre much lower than coronet; size large. 
d. Spines on body not enlarged at intervals, the rings being each similar to its 
neighbor; rings 114-39; color brown, with white streaks and specks. 
kelloggi. 12 
dd. Spines on body enlarged at intervals, the rings being not uniform; rings 
11+ 38 to 36. 
e. Snout equal to postorbital part of head; spines obtuse; color jet black, 
Wien Pra vIsh Wands ang, spots) 2525s. S22 2S Jose ss see aterrimus. 13 
ee. Snout longer than postorbital part of head; spines rather sharp; color 
brown, variously blotched and spotted.............-.------- kuda, 14 
cc. Spines of neck and body very high, the longest as high as coronet; color 
brown, with white dots; snout with brown rings --.------------ histria. 15 
bb. Snout short, nearly 3 in head; size small. 
f. Coronet very low, compressed, without filaments; spines very low, 
blunt; tail very slim; color brown, plain or irregularly banded. 
japonicus. 16 
ff. Coronet high, compressed, first laterally then longitudinally, with fila- 
ments; spines all high, many of them filamentous; color greenish 
: Crave wilordarker MAGKIMGG == \= eee eee ate cteclie ce — = SUUCOIISs Ly, 
aa. Dorsal fin short, of 10 to 13 rays; size small; coronet high; spines high, some of 
them filamentous. 
g. Snout short, nearly 3 in head; coronet compressed, notched, the an- 
terior part with long filaments. No small spine before each large 
supraorbital spine; body and tail banded with dark~..-mohnikei. 18 
gy. Snout long, slender, about 24 in head, as long as postorbital part of 
head; coronet very high, pedunculate, not notched crosswise, its 
tip ending in about 6 lobes or spines; color various, usually with 
small lehtion darkidots on streaks ......0:.--.---.-- coronatus. 19 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


12, HIPPOCAMPUS KELLOGGI Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
O-UMI-UMA (GREAT SEA-HORSE). 
(Plate VIII. ) 
Hippocampus longirostris SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 273, Naga- 
saki, (not of Cuvier).—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 202, China, 


Formosa.—Nysrrom, Hand]. Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 47, Nagasaki.— 
IsHixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 4, ‘‘Japan.”’ 


Head 14 in trunk; trunk 2 in tail. D.17; P.18. Rings 11+39, 


each of them essentially similar to its neighbors, none of them espe- 
cially enlarged. Snout long, as long as from posterior margin of orbit 
to knob above gill opening. Eye about 3 in snout; supraorbital spine 
simple, not divided; no spine on median line before eye. Depth of 
body at tenth ring 1} times snout. Dorsal on 35 rings (1§+2). Egg 
pouch on 7 rings. Coronet low, about as high as eye, slanting back- 
ward and with 6 diverging blunt spines; spines of body all low and 
obtuse; no filaments. 

Color uniform yellowish brown or leather-color; with small seat- 
tered spots and short streaks of white on sides of head and trunk, 
most numerous about eyes; dorsal with a dark cross shade. 

Coasts of Kiusiu, not common, and known to us from a large dried 
example, 8 inches long, from Kagoshima. 

Type.—No. 6521, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, 
presented by the Imperial University, and collected by Professor 
Mitsukuri. 

This is evidently the //ippocampus longirostris of Schlegel, but 
not of Cuvier, whose species is based on a figure of Willughby. It 
is close to //. kuda, but differs, at least, in the greater number of 
rings and in their uniformity. (Named for Prof.. Vernon Lyman 
Kelloge, of Stanford University.) 


55? 


13. HIPPOCAMPUS ATERRIMUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
KURO UMI-UMA (BLACK SEHA-HORSE). 
(Plate IX. ) 


Head 14 in trunk; tail twice as long as trunk; D.17. P.16. A. 4. 
Rings 11+36. Ege pouch of male on 9 rings. Length of snout equal 
to postorbital part of head; eye 3 in snout, equal to depth of snout. 
Body very deep, the depth of tenth ring twice snout. Spines low and 
blunt, without filaments, those on first, fourth, and seventh body 
rings more prominent, also on first, fifth, eighth or ninth, and twelfth 
or thirteenth rings of tail. This character variable. Spines below 
dorsal not higher than others. Supraorbital spines blunt and low, 
pointing outward and slightly backward, notched or rather with a low 


yo.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. LS 


protuberance before each. A small blunt spine before eye. Coronet 
low, obliquely truncate, with three knob-like processes posteriorly, 
pointing backward. Base of dorsal elevated on 13-+-1% rings. 

Color purplish black, almost inky; grayish marblings along the 
prominent rings on body and tail, forming irregular crossbars. Gray- 
ish streaks on gill covers and other parts of head; tips of spines and 
warts grayish; dorsal with a blackish terminal band; dark streaks 
along each ray; pectoral and anal with a dark cross band. 

East Indies north to Japan. Known to us from six specimens, all 
alike, black, taken by Capt. Alan Owston, at Yaeyama, in the Ishigaki 
Islands, Riukiu. These are from 90 to 140 millimeters long. 

Type.—No. 6516, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 

This agrees in general with the accounts of //ippocampus huda 
Bleeker, from the East Indies (wrongly called //. guttulatus), but that 
species has 11+33 rings, and typical specimens differ greatly in color 
from our specimens. The original account of //. melanospilus by 
Bleeker differs equally. We may therefore provisionally regard our 
examples as distinct. ; 

(Aterrimus, very black.) 


14. HIPPOCAMPUS KUDA Bleeker. 

Hippocampus kuda Burekur, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., III, 1852, p. 82, Singapore.— 
BLeekeEr, Verh. Bat. Gen., X XV, p. 26.—Dumenit, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, p. 
506, after Bleeker. 

Hippocampus moluccensis BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., III, 1852, p. 305, 
Molucea. 

Hippocampus teniopterus BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned» Ind., III, 1852, p. 306. 

Hippocampus polytenia BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., III, 1852, p. 338, Floris. 

Hippocampus comes Kapur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 10 (not of Cantor). 

Hippocampus punctulatus, guttulatus and monicket GtUnruer, Fish. Zanzibar, p. 
139, Zanzibar (not of authors). ; 

Hippocampus guttulatus (part of authors) Gitnruer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 
202 (Zanzibar, Amboyna, Red Sea, Floris) (not of Cuvier, H. hippocampus 
from Venice).—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 4, Kagoshima, Miyakoshima. 

Head 14 in trunk; trunk 1% in tail; rings, 11-+35. D.17; P. 16. 
Snout as long as from eye to knob above gill opening. Eye 3 in snout; 
snout 1} in depth of body; dorsal on, 15+ 13 rings. Supraorbital 
spine simple, pointed outward and slightly backward. Body more 
slender than in //. aterriémus, the snout longer. The spines much 
more prominent and somewhat acute, arranged much as in //. ater- 
rimus, with enlarged one on first, fourth, seventh, and eleventh body 
rings, and first, fifth, sixth, ninth, twelfth, and fifteenth tail rings; 
no filaments. 

Color light-brown, with gray streaks and blotches; white lines 
radiating from eye and white streaks on snout and side of neck; the 
pale markings on side of body in our specimen suggest coralline 
patches; dorsal with a dark cross-shade. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Kast facies: widely disueibure d, north to Riu Kiu Islands. This 
description is from a specimen 115 millimeters long, from Ishigaki, 
Yaeyama Island, Riukiu. We identify this specimen with //. huda 
with some doubt, and we are not sure of the synonymy of the species, 
even if the identification be accepted. According to Dr. Day, the 
number of rings in //. huda (guttulatus) is 11 + 33. The relations of 
this species to the other large-sized and long-nosed sea horses are still 
obscure. 

(Kuda, a tube, in Japanese. ) 


15. HIPPOCAMPUS HISTRIX Kaup. 
Hippocampus histriv Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 17, pl. 1, fig. 5, Japan. 
Hippocampus hystrix G&énrHer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 206, Zanzibar.— 
DumertL, Hist. Nat. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 514, Nagasaki, Ile of Reunion. 

Dorsal rays 17 or 18. Snout thin, elongate, longer than rest of 
head, as long as distance from front of orbit to first nuchal spine; all 
the tubercles of body developed into long, slender, acute spines, those 
on certain rings longer than the others. Color pale, with numerous 
white dots; snout with broad dark rings; each spine black at tip. 
Length, 25 inches. (Giinther, Zanzibar specimens.) Kaup does not 
count the fin rays, and says that his specimen is uniformiy colored. 

In his figure the spines along the back are higher than the coronet. 
and 24 to 3§ in length of snout; the coronet is very low, bifurcate at 
tip; spines on back of tail especially prominent; body slender. 

East Indies: a few specimens known, recorded from Japan, Zanzibar 
and the Isle of Reunion, not seen by us. 

(Llystrix, porcupine.) 

16. HIPPOCAMPUS JAPONICUS Kaup. 
KITA-NO UMI-UMA (NORTHERN SEA HORSE). 
(Plate X.) 


Hippocampus japonicus Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 7, Nagasaki, Leyden Museum.— 
Dumerit, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 505, same type. 

Head 132° (1$ to 13) in trunk; trunk 2 to 23 in tail; D. 16 or 175 
P. 11 o0r12. Rings 11+ 39. Snout 23 to 3 in head. Eye 13 to 2 in 
snout. Snout 2 to 24 in depth of bales Coronet from gill-opening, 
14 to 14 in snout. Teel covering 2+ 14 rings. Prominent rings 


1,4, 7, 11 on the body; 5, 10, 15 on tail, these subject to considerable | 


variation. 

The body moderately deep, the tail very slim, the snout very short. 
Spines on body blunt and short. Coronet low, compressed, keel-like; 
supraocular spine low; no Splat before eye. Spines at base of dorsal 
little enlarged. Length 23 inches. 

Color various. A specimen from Tokyo is light brown, with two 
black cross bands on body and four of different widths on tail; head 


no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. I 4 


mottled; a dark bar at base of snout. Dorsal usually dusky with a 
pale median band. A specimen from Hakodate is leather brown, 
with dark markings on head; middle line of breast black; tail dark. 
A specimen from Onomichi is nearly uniform livid gray. One from 
Hakodate has almost no coronet. 

The combination of low, keel-like coronet with the short snout and 
16 dorsal rays at once distinguishes the species. Our numerous 
specimens are from Hakodate, Matsushima, Tokyo, Onomichi, and 
Wakanoura. The range of the species is farther to the northward 
than the others. 


17. HIPPOCAMPUS SINDONIS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
(Plate XI. ) 


Head 14 in trunk; trunk 2 in tail. D. 15; P. 14. Rings 10-4 37. 
Snout short, its length 24 times in head. Eve 1% times in snout. 
Depth of trunk 1% times snout. Coronet high, almost as high as the 
length of snout. It is laterally compressed up to its middle, ends 
anteriorly in an acute triangular spine with a filament, also terminates 
posteriorly in an acute spine, without filament. From the middle up 
it is longitudinally compressed, giving rise to a laterally expanded, 
fan-like process, with five spines, pointing upward; the one next to 
each end with a filament. Supraorbital spines very prominent, with 
filaments and a distinct minor spine inthe immediate front of each, all 
pointing anteriorly, large ones slightly outward as well; a well-marked 
spine on median line before eyes. Tubercles on body rather high, 
those in first, fourth, seventh, and tenth body rings, and second, 
fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and thirteenth tail rings enlarged and 
with filaments. The raised dorsal fin on 143+ 4 rings. Pectorals very 
much developed. 

Color greenish gray, with irregular darker markings on body and 
tail. Head mottled with dark gray on greenish ground, interspersed 
with light cross bars and streaks. Middle line of belly black. Fins 
dusky, unmarked except the dorsal, which has a dark band longi- 
tudinally. Egg pouch occupies seven rings, greenish and covered 
with prickle-like processes. 

This species is known from one small specimen, an adult male 38 
millimeters long, type No. 47930 U. S. National Museum, dredged by 
the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross in Totomi Bay, off 
Hamamatsu, in the province of Totomi, Japan. The species is allied 
to 1. mohnikei, but differs in the form of coronet, the number of fin 
rays, and slimness of body, and also its size, which is much smaller 
than the smallest specimen of mohniker. 

(Named for Michitaro Sindo, late of Yamaguchi, assistant curator 
of fishes in Stanford University.) 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 


2 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


18. HIPPOCAMPUS MOHNIKEI Bleeker. 
(Plate XIT. ) 
TATSU-NO-OTOSIGO (DRAGON’S CHILD). 


Hippocampus brevirostris ScHiecEL, Fauna Japonica, p. 274, Nagasaki, not of 
Cuvier (H. hippocampus). 

Hippocampus mohnikei Burrker, Verh. Ak. Met. Amst., 1851, pp. 7, 16, Kamino- 
seki Island, Prov. Suwo, Inland Sea.—Kavp, Lophobr., 1856, p. 8, Nagasaki, 
coll. Von Siebold.—Gitnruer, Cat. Fishes, VIII, p. 206, after Bleeker.— 
Dumertt, Hist. Nat. Poiss, I], 1870, p. 521, after Bleeker.—Isuikawa, Prel. 
Cat., 1897, p.4, Boshu (Awa), near Tokyo. 

Head 14 in trunk; trunk 14 to 2 in tail. D. 11-13; P. 10-12. Rings 
10+ 36 or 37. Egg pouch on 6 rings. Eye 24 in snout. Snout 23 
in head, 2 to 24 in depth of body, as long as from front of orbit to 
postorbital spine. Coronet 2 to 2} in snout; dorsal on 24 rings. First, 
fourth, seventh, and tenth body rings, and third, sixth, tenth, and 
thirteenth tail rings prominent. : 

Coronet high, compressed, divided; the anterior part with long fila- 
ments, the posterior with 5 or 6 spines. Supraorbital spines simple, 
high, each with a long filament, and with or without a small spine 
before the large one; a median spine before eye. Snout short, thick. 
Spines on body high, the long ones on back and tail each with a long 
filament. 

Color gray, with 8 to 10 faint, dark cross bands; snout pale; dorsal 
with a dark band anda pale edge. Young with the band more dis- 
tinct. Southern Japan, north to Tokyo. Known to us from two 
specimens from Misaki, about 83 and 55 millimeters long; and one, 90 
millimeters long, from Enoura on Suruga Bay, presented by the 
Imperial University. This latter and the smaller one from Misaki are 
both light brown in color, with the dorsal bands, body bands, and 
median line on belly colored dark brown. In size the small Misaki 
specimen is less than two-thirds of the Enoura specimen, although 
both are full-grown adults. 

The species isallied to Z/. coronatus, but has the snout much shorter. 
and the coronet lower and of a peculiar form. 

(Named for the discoverer, Dr. O. G. B. Mohnike.) 


19. HIPPOCAMPUS CORONATUS Schlegel. 


TSUNO-UMIUMA (HORNED SEA-HORSE). 


od 


Hippocampus coronatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 274, pl. cxx, 
fig. 8, NagasakiimKaup, Lophobr., 1856, p. 16, Nagasaki.—Gitnruer, Cat. — 
Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 205, after Schlegel.—Dummrit, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 
520, after Schlegel.—Isnrkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 4, Tokyo. 


Head 14 to 13 in trunk; trunk 12 to 2 in tail; D. 13 or 14; P. 11. 
Rings 10+ 38 to 40. Snout slender, about as long as postorbital part 


no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. ibs) 


of head; eye 3 in snout; snout 1} to 1% in greatest depth or body. 
Coronet very high, pedunculate, not divided into two parts at the top; 
varying in form, its length from gill opening about equal to snout; its 
tip usually with six lobes or spines. Spines of head and body promi- 
nent, the coronet usually with a long filament; other spines occasion- 
ally prominent. First, fourth, and tenth body rings prominent, and 
usually the fourth, sixth, tenth, fourteenth, and sixteenth of the tail. 
Spines at base of dorsal especially long and eee Dorsal short, 
inserted on 13 + 1 = 24 rings; egg pouch on 7 rings. 

Color various, usually light brown with dark dots and mottlings, 
sometimes with pale dots and streaks, sometimes with dark brown 
streaks, the ground color sometimes almost black; usually light or 
dark streaks on opercle. Dorsal generally with a blackish band and 
pale edge, sometimes streaked like the body. 

Coasts of Japan, very common, in clear waters near shore. <A 
small, slender sea-horse, varying considerably in form, and much in 
coloration, but always readily known by the very high coronet, the 
sculpture of which is subject to great variation. Our many specimens, 
90 to 115 millimeters long, are from Matsushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Ono- 
michi, and Wakanoura. They would seem at first glance to compose 
five or six different species. 

(Coronatus, crowned.) 

RECAPITULATION. 
Suborder HY POSTOMIDES. 
Family 1. PreGasip2. 


1. Zalises Jordan and Snyder. 


1. wmitengu Jordan and Snyder Wakanoura. 


Order LOPHOBRANCHII. 


Family 2. SoLENOSTOMID. 
2. Solenostomus Lacépéde. 
2. cyanopterus (Bleeker); Awa. 
3. paradoxus (Pallas); Awa. 
Family 3. SYNGNATHID®. 
3. Syngnathus Linneeus. 


4. schlegeli (Kaup); Otaru, Mororan, Hakodate, Aomori, Matsushima, Tokyo, 
Misaki, Wakanoura, Tsuruga, Onomichi. 


4. Corythroichthys Kaup. 
5. isigakius Jordan and Snyder; Ishigaki Island. 
5. Yozia Jordan and Snyder. 
6. wakanoure Jordan and Snyder; Wakanoura. 


6. Trachyrhamphus Kaup. 
' 


20 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


od 
f. 


8. 


9. 


10. 


Ae 


serratus (Schlegel); Yokohama, Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 


7. Halicampus Kaup. 


koilomatodon ( Bleeker) . 


8. Urocampus Ginther. 
rikuzenius Jordan and Snyder; Matsushima. 
9. Gasterotokeus Heckel. 
biaculeatus (Bloch). 
| 10. Acentronura Kaup. 
gracilissima (Schlegel); Misaki. 3 


‘11. Hippocampus Rafinesque. 


2. kelloggi Jordan and Snyder; Kagoshima. 

. aterrimus Jordan and Snyder; Ishigaki Islands. 

. kuda Bleeker; Ishigaki Islands. 

. histrix Kaup. 

}. japonicus Kaup; Hakodate, Matsushima, Tokyo, Onomichi, Wakanoura. 
. sindonis Jordan and Snyder; Hamamatsu. 

. mohnikei Bleeker; Misaki, Enoura. 

. coronatus Schlegel; Matsushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Onomichi, Wakanoura. 


i 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV Pi.. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ZALISES UMITENGU. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 2, 


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U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. II 


ZALISES UMITENGU. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 2. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV _ PL. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 14, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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HIPPOCAMPUS ATERRIMUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 14. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX!IV_ PL. X 


HIPPOCAMPUS JAPONICUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 16. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. Xl 


HIPPOCAMPUS SINDONIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 17. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV FL. XII 


U. §. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


HIPPOCAMPUS MOHNIKEI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 18. 


LIST OF THE MYRIAPOD FAMILY LITHOBIIDAD OF SALT 
LAKE COUNTY, UTAH, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE 
NEW SPECIES. 


By Rateu V. CHAMBERLIN, 
Of the Latter-day Saints’ College, Salt Lake City. 


The five new species of Lithobius described in this paper are based 
upon material in collections made by the author from June to October, 
1900, and in February, March, and April, 1901. Types of these new 
species have been deposited in the United States National Museum. 
Inasmuch as nothing upon the Myriapoda of Utah has been heretofore 
published, some notes are also given on the other species of the Litho- 
biide found within the limits of Salt Lake County. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LITHOBIUS DESCRIBED. 


A. Posterior angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. 
a, Anal feet each armed with a single claw. 
b,. Coxal pores in several series, round. 
c. Posterior coxze armed beneath with a stout spine. 
d. Antenne long, articles 20; prosternal teeth, 9-9; spines of anal legs, 1, 3, 2, 1. 
bipunctatus Wood 1 
h,. Coxal pores in a single series, round. 
c. Posterior coxee unarmed beneath. 
d,. Articles of the antenn, 20-22; coxal pores; 2, 2, 2, 2—2, 3, 3, 3; ocelli, 5-11; 
spines of anal legs, 1, 3, 2,0; length, 7.5-11 mm. -wtahensis, new species 2 
d,. Articles of the antennee, 20-23; coxal pores,3, 4, 4, 5—3, 4, 4, 4; ocelli, 18-22; 
spines of anal legs, 1, 3, 2,0; length, 13-15.8 mm_- - -colliwm, new species 3 
a,. Anal feet each armed with two claws. 
b. Coxal pores in a single series, round. 
c.” Posterior coxze unarmed beneath. 
d. Articles of the antenne, 20-25; coxal pores, 4,5, 5, 4—4, 6, 6,6; spines of 
the first legs, 1, 3, 2; of the anal, 1, 3, 2, 0; length, 12.2-13.8 mm. 
socius, new species 4 
B. Posterior angles of the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth dorsal plates produced. 
a,. Coxal pores in several series, round; anal feet with a single claw. 
b. Posterior coxze armed beneath with a stout spine. 
c. Antennz long, articles 20; prosternal teeth, 12 to 18; spines of anal legs, 
1 Nes cays ing Ua tg, ie I Sale EE OS ee ae vanti Wood 5 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIV—No. 1242. 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


a,. Coxal pores in a single series, transverse; anal feet with a single claw. 
}. Posterior coxze unarmed beneath. 
c. Articles of the antenne, 33-48; prosternal teeth, 10 to 14; spines of anal 


99 


17S [PS a ee ee es es a me ese oe Se forficatus (Linneeus) 6 

a,. Coxal pores in a single series, round. 

b. Posterior coxee unarmed beneath. 

c,. Articles of the antennze, 20; coxal pores, 3,3,3,3; ocelli, 10; prosternal 
teeth o-o; Jenethe 7-5—Oimime 32 2252 eee one intermontanus, new species 7 
c,. Articles of the antennze, 28-32; coxal pores, 2, 3,3, 2—3,4,4,4; spines of 
first legs, 0, 0, 1; of anal, 1, 3, 3, 0—1, 3, 1, 0; length, 7-8.5 mm: 
purpureus, new species 8 


1. LITHOBIUS BIPUNCTATUS Wood. 


It has seemed well to include a description of this form,as it has nov 
before been rediscovered or redescribed since Wood established the 
species in 1863. 

Description.—Color, dark amber brown, the head lighter; legs mostly 
pale, posterior pairs and the antenne: somewhat darker. Antenne, 
length, 16.5 mm, reaching to the eighth segment; pilose, articles 20. 
Ocelli, 18-22, in 7 series. Prosternal teeth, 9-9, black; the space 
between the second and third from the outer side much wider than 
between the other teeth. SHiney of the legs, first, 2,3, 1; penult, 1, 
8; 3, 2—1, 3, 3, 3; anal, 1, 3, 2, 1. The anal legs are long and slender, 
not at all crassate. Coxal pores round or eee oval; arranged in 
3-4 series in an oval patch. Genital forceps, claw long and pointed, 
tripartite, the middle lobe largest, the outer lobe nearer apex than the 
inner; basal spines 3-3, the outermost largest. Length of body, 28.7 
mm; width of tenth dorsal plate, 3.9 mm; length of theanal legs, 16 mm. 

Habitat.—Emigration Canyon, near the mouth. A number of speci- 
mens were taken in the dirt-filled crevices of the rock in a limestone 
quarry. 

2. LITHOBIUS UTAHENSIS, new species. 


Diagnosis. —This species is related to Lithobius obesus Stuxberg, but 
the claw of the genital forceps is tripartite, the spines of the anal legs 
are 1,3,2,0, and the size is always smaller. It is also near Lathobius 
Deniidn ni Bollman, from which it is distinguished by the coxal pores, 
which are small and less in number, by the number of spines of the 
anal legs, and by the ocelli, which are fewer. 

Description. yellow to brown, legs and antennz paler. 
Antenne, length 2.6—3 mm.; hirsute; articles 20-22, gradually decreas- 
ing in length from the first few to the end. Ocelli 5-11, but mostly 
5-8, arranged in 4-5 series. Prosternal teeth 2—2, small, Lay Spines 
of the first legs 1, 2, 1-2, 3,2; of the penult 1, 3,3, 1—1, 3,3, 2; of the 
anal 1, 3, 2, 0. _ The posterior coxv laterally armed. The coxal pores 
small, round, 2,2, 2, 2—2, 3,3,3. Genital forceps, claw tripartite, the 
middle tobe longest, the outer smallest; basal spines 2-2, rather stout, 
the outer usually thickened upward and somewhat bifid at apex. 


No, 1242. FIVE NEW LITHOBITDA—CHAMBERLIN. 93 


Anal legs of male, tibia swollen and excavated within near its anterior 
joint, at which it, together with the femur, is produced inward into a 
lobe which is often very conspicuous. Length of the body 7.5-11 
mm.; width 0.8-1.2 mm.; length of the anal legs 2.5-3 mm. 

Habitat.—Common along all mountain streams, loving particularly 
the damp beds of decaying leaves and vegetable loam. 

Type.—U.S.N.M., No. 782; collected in Neff’s Canyon, Salt Lake 
County, Utah, July 15, 1900. 


3. LITHOBIUS COLLIUM, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Joints of the antenne 20-23; ocelli 18-22, in 7 vertical 
series; spines of anal legs 1,3,2,0; claw of genital forceps wide, 
lobes short, the middle one not much longest. 

Description.—Color brown, head and dorsal plates with a tendeney 
to red brown, which may be strong; antenne and legs yellow or light 
brown. Head smooth. Antenne, length 4-5.5 mm.; articles 20-23, 
gradually decreasing in length toward the end; pilose. Ocelli 18-22, 
in 7 nearly vertical series. Prosternal teeth 2—2, small. Spines of 
the first legs 1, 3, 2—2,3,2; penult 1, 3,3,2; anal 1,3,2,0. Posterior 
cox laterally armed. Coxal pores 3,4, 4,3—3,4, 4,4, small, round. 
Genital forceps, claw rather long, wide, tripartite, the lobes short 
and rounded, the middle one but little longer than the lateral, or the 
claw subentire; basal spines 2-2, moderate, the outer spine on each 
side somewhat stouter. Length of body 13-15.8 mm.; width 1.6-1.7 
mm.; length of the anal legs 4-5 mm. 

Habitat.—Common over the foothills about Salt Lake City during 
the spring and autumn months. 

Type.—U.S.N.M.; No. 783. 


4. LITHOBIUS SOCIUS, new species. 


Diagnosis. —This species is to be separated by the following points: 
Coxal pores 4, 5,5, 4—5, 6, 6,5; articles of the antennze 20-25; spines 
of the anal legs always 1, 3, 2, 0; characters of genital forceps; and size, 
12.2-13.8 mm. 

Description.—Color, head and posterior dorsal plates brown; other 
dorsal plates mostly dark brown to brownish black; antennz and legs 
yellow to light brown. Head smooth, wider than long. Antenne, 
length 5-5.7 mm., but mostly near the lesser limit; articles 20-25; 
first 7-12 joints long, others short; pilose. Ocelli 16-22, arranged in 
6-8 series. Prosternal teeth variable in size and number, 0—0 to 2—2 
and 3—3 (as common) or even to 5—5. Spines of the legs, first 1,3, 2; 
penult 1, 3, 3, 2; last 1, 3, 2, 1. Posterior coxe laterally armed. 
Coxal pores 4,5, 5,4—5,6,6,5; large, subcircular, or in part trans- 
verse. Genital forceps, claw normally tripartite but by obliteration 
of the outer lobe often bipartite or subentire, and on the other hand 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. xx1v. 


sometimes possessing as many as 6 aa lobes or crenulations; basal 
spines 2—2, short, stout, usually widening upward to the middle and 
conical or pointed above. The head in the male is proportionately 
wider than in the female. The inner claw of the anal feet is also 
larger in the male, being often indistinct in the female. Length of 
the body 12.2-13.8 mm.; width 1.8-2 mm.; length of the anal legs 
5—5.6 mm., mostly near the lesser limit. 

TTabitat.—With the preceding form over the foothills shone Salt 
Lake City, but less abundant. : 

Type.—U.S.N.M., No. 784. 


5. LITHOBIUS XANTI Wood. 


TTabitat.—Common along alk mountain streams. ‘This species and 
Lithobius utahensis are the forms by far most abundant in the canyons. 


6. LITHOBIUS FORFICATUS (Linnzus). 


TTabitat.—In and about Salt Lake City, where it is much the com- 
monest species, but not found in the mountains. 
The antenne are most commonly either 36 or 39 jointed. 


7. LITHOBIUS INTERMONTANUS, new species. 


Diagnosis. —Separated from other species previously described by 
the following points: Posterior coxee unarmed; articles of the antenne 
20: papster dal teeth 5—5; coxal pores 8, 3, 3, 3, round; ocelli 10, in 
6 series ; length ic a ) mim. 

Deser chestnut brown; antenne and legs paler. 
Antenne, length 2.65-2.75 mm.; articles 20; sparsely hirsute at 
base, elsewhere nearly glabrous. Ocelli 10, arranged in 6 series in 
a linear patch. _ Prosternal teeth 5—5. Spines of the first legs 2, 3, 2. 
Last tarsal joints of the first pairs of legs more densely hirsute beneath 
than the inner ones. Posterior coxe unarmed. esa pores 3, 3, 3, 3, 
round. Length of the body 7.5-9 mm.; width 0.8—-1 mm. 

Tlabitat.—Branch of Mill Creek Canyon. The eight specimens 
obtained have all lost the posterior pairs of legs. 

Type.—U.S.N.M., No. 785. 


8. LITHOBIUS PURPUREUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Anal feet each armed with two claws; articles of the 
antenne 28-32; spines of the first legs 0,0,1,o0f the last 1,3, 3,0 or 
1, 3, 1, 0; coxal pores 2, 3, 3,2 ; 

Description.—Color, dark purple brown, the purple tint often con- 
spicuous and unmixed; head and legs yellowish brown, the tarsal 
joints of the last pairs of legs commonly lighter; antenne dark, yel- 
low or rufous at ends. Antenne, length 2.3-3 mm.; articles, except 


) 
ot 


No. 1242, FIVE NEW eee ee 25 


the first few, short or very short. Oc Ale 12- 1B in 5—6 series. Pro- 
sternal teeth, normally 2—2, rather large, pale, poe SS atte) 4—4. 
Spines of the first oa 0,.0, 1; of the penult 1, 3, 3,1; of the anal 
1;.3,3, 0, or less cal 1,3,1,0. Posterior coxe armed laterally 
with a small, indistinct spine. Coxal pores 2, 3,3, 2—8, 4,4, 4, small or 
moderate. Genital forceps, claw rather long, tripartite, lobes pointed, 
the middle longest, the outer smallest, often nearer base and incon- 
spicuous; basal spines 2—2, short and stout, widest at the middle, the 
outer largest. Length of the body 7-8.5 mm.; width 1—1.2 mm. 
Length of the anal legs 3-3.3 mm. 

Habitat.—Not very common under sticks, boards, and logs laid on 
fine, loose soil in and near growths of willows on the anke of the 
Jordan River, Salt Lake City. 

Types.—U.S.N.M., No. 786. 


g. HENICOPS FULVICORNIS Meinert. 


Habitat.—Not uncommon in several canyons at middle and upper 
elevations in very damp and cool places. Many were found under the 
bark and between the fibers of decaying logs, and two were taken 
under the body of a dead skunk, which lay at a considerable distance 
from water. 

This species, first discovered in Europe, has been heretofore reported 
from the United States as occurring in New York (Mount Lebanon), 
Arkansas (Little Rock), and Minnesota (Winona). 


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NEW DIPTERA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA. 


By D. W. CoqumLteEtt, 


Custodian, Section of Diptera. 


During a visit to the United States National Museum last year, Mr. 
Charles P. Lounsbury, the government entomologist of Cape Colony, 
Africa, brought with him a small but very interesting collection of 
Diptera which he wished to have identified, permitting the retention 
of specimens representing species new to the Museum coltection and 
requesting that the new forms be duly named and described. As this 
task has now been completed, the descriptions are offered herewith. 


SIMULIUM NIGRITARSIS, new species. 


Black, the bases of the antennee, humeri, halteres, front coxee, femora 
except apices of the middle and hind ones, and the tibiee except their 
apices, yellow; front femora and their tibize sometimes wholly yellow; 
usually a yellow spot below the humeri; hairs of head and body pale 
yellow; wings hyaline, the costa, first three veins and first section of 
the fourth robust, yellowish, the others nearly transparent; length 2.5 
to 3 mm. Six female specimens. Paratypes have been returned to 
Mr. Lounsbury. 

Habitat.—Cape Colony, Africa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5785, U.S.N.M. 


DACUS LOUNSBURYII, new species. 


Head yellow, occiput, except the upper and lateral margins, reddish 
brown, frontal vitta except its lower end reddish brown, an ocellar 
spot, one near center of front and one on the lunule, blackish, a row 
of four blackish dots along each orbit; a broad reddish stripe in mid- 
dle of face,a black spot on either side near its middle, an oblique 
reddish line near each orbit, and a large black spot below each eye; 
antenne nearly twice as long as the head, brownish red, the extreme 
base yellow, the third joint black; palpi and proboscis brownish red, 
apex of the latter largely yellow; body reddish brown, indistinctly 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIV—No. 1243. 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


marked with blackish, mesonotum marked behind the suture with 
three yellow vitte, a yellow fascia extends along the suture, crosses 
the mesopleura and encroaches on the sternopleura; a spot on the 
hypopleura, hind margin of the scutellum and of the second abdominal 
segment laterally yellow; abdomen three times as long as wide, the 
third segment in the male bearing a row of black bristles extending 
from the venter half way to the middle of the dorsum, situated a short 
distance in front of the hind margin; wings hyaline, a brownish band 
along the costa, filling apex of subcostal cell beyond auxiliary vein, 
the whole of the marginal and submarginal cells, apical three-fourths 
of the first posterior and upper edge of the second posterior cell, 
faintest in basal portion of submarginal cell and darkest in the pos- 
terior cells, that in first posterior cell sometimes having a subhyaline 
median streak; anal cell filled with yellow and brown, its lobe and the 
vein extending beyond its apex bordered with brown; base of first 
basal cell to forking of second and third veins yellowish; legs reddish 
brown, first tarsal joint except apex, and broad bases of hind femora, 
white; halteres whitish, bases of the stems reddish brown; basal seg- 
ment of ovipositor of female greatly flattened, shorter than the pre- 
ceding abdominal segment; length 11 mm. Three males and seven 
females. Paratypes returned to Mr. Lounsbury, for whom this fine, 
large species is named. 
Habitat.—Capetown and Wynberg, Cape Colony, Africa. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5786, U.S.N.M. 


DACUS BREVIS, new species. 


Head yellow, frontal vitta sometimes tinged in places with reddish 
yellow, the occiput except along the eyes yellowish brown, a dark 
brown spot above center of front, a small black spot on the ocelli, 
three along each orbit, one on the frontal lunule, and one on either 
side of center of face, a brown spot below each eye; antenn shorter 
than the head, yellowish brown, becoming dark brown at the apex, 
arista black, the base yellowish, proboscis and palpi brownish yellow; 
body reddish brown, mesonotum and abdomen with a mediodorsal 
black line, and sometimes with blackish markings; humeri, a stripe 
along the thoracic suture crossing the mesopleura and encroaching on 
the sternopleura, a rounded spot on the hypopleura, and the scutellum 
except its extreme base, yellow; abdomen one and a half times as long 
as wide, the third segment in the male bearing a row of black bristles 
extending from the venter nearly halfway to the middle of the dorsum; 
wings hyaline, the subcostal and marginal cells, base and usually the 
very narrow upper edge of the submarginal cell beyond apex of the 
marginal about halfway to tip of third vein, where it expands and fills 
the entire apical portion of this cell and encroaches on the first pos- 
terior cell, brown, a brown cloud on distal part of anal cell; apex of 


No, 1248. DIPTERA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA—COQUILLETT. 99 


fourth vein not or very slightly approaching toward the third vein; 
legs yellow, apices of middle and hind femora and bases of middle tibize 
yellowish brown, hind tibizw largely and last four joints of all the tarsi 
reddish brown; tibiz and apices of femora sometimes yellowish red; 
halteres yellow; ovipositor of female almost cylindrical, the basal seg- 
ment shorter than the last abdominal segment; length 5.5 to 6.5 mm. 
Two males and four females. Paratypes returned to Mr. Lounsbury. 
Habitat.— Bathurst, Cape Colony, Africa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5787, U.S.N.M. 


DACUS SIGMOIDES, new species. 


Differs from the above description of brevis only as follows: The 
dark brown spot above center of front is connected with the upper two 
spots in each of the orbital rows, no brown spot below each eye, no 
mediodorsal black line on the abdomen, apical section of fourth vein 
strongly bisinuous, the apex strongly approaching toward the third 
vein, legs yellow, the apices of the femora, bases of the tibize and last 
four joints of the tarsi slightly darker, more brownish yellow, knob of 
halteres yellowish brown, ovipositor greatly flattened, the basal see- 
ment one and one-fourth times as long as the last abdominal segment; 
length 7 mm. <A female specimen. 

Habitat.—Island of Mauritius, Africa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5788, U.S.N.M. 


DACUS IMMACULATUS, new species. 


Differs from brevis as follows: The spot above center of front scarcely 
darker than the reddish-yellow frontal vitta, no black spots on the 
face, bases of palpi pale yellow, yellow spot on each hypopleura nearly 
twice as long as wide, abdomen almost twice as long as wide, brown in 
marginal cell not connected with that in apex of the submarginal, the 
latter extending one-third of distance from apex of third vein to apex 
of second, ovipositor of female greatly flattened, legs yellow; length 
5 to 6.5 mm. Four males and four females. Paratypes returned to 
Mr. Lounsbury. 

Tabitat.—Kast London, Cape Colony, Africa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5789, U.S.N.M. 

Near dinotatus Loew, as | identify it, but with much paler legs and 
flattened, instead of cylindrical, ovipositor. 


CERATITIS RUBIVORA, new species. 


Head yellowish, a gray spot streaked with black above the neck and 
sending a wide stripe to each eye, a black ocellar dot; mouth parts 
and antennz yellow, the arista short plumose, brown, the base yellow, 
antenne three-fourths as long as the face, front in both sexes bearing 
only normal bristles; thorax yellowish brown, largely grayish prui- 
nose, mesonotum marked on each side with a broad, interrupted, black, 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


polished stripe and with three narrow, indistinct, black, median lines 
which at their posterior ends expand so as to meet each other; between 
this point and the scutellum is a transverse pair of polished, whitish 
spots, humeri whitish, upper part of mesopleura yellow; scutellum 
yellow, the outer margin marked with three black spots, metanotum 
polished black, crossed in the middle by a broad, transverse, opaque, 
grayish pruinose fascia emarginate in the middle of the lower edge, 
two yellow spots on each side of the metathorax; abdomen yellowish, 
the third and fifth segments, except a large triangular spot in middle | 
of each, black; wings hyaline, a brown crossband on a line with the 
humeral crossvein, followed by about ten brown dots; a second brown 
crossband, yellowish in the vicinity of the small crossvein, extends 
from the costa beyond apex of auxiliary vein to apex of the sixth, 
including the smali crossvein in its outer portion; a brown stripe, yel- 
lowish in the central part, extends close to the costa from beyond apex 
of first vein to beyond apex of the third, its margins marked with 4 or 
5 darker brown dots; an elongated, oblique, brown spot on the fourth 
vein before its apex, and a larger one bordering the hind crossvein; 
legs yellow, in the male the front femora marked with a black streak - 
on the upper and another on the posterior side, middle femora on the 
broad apex, except a streak on the anterior side and the extreme apex, 
black; hind femora with a black spot before apex of under side pro- 
longed as a streak in the middle of the anterior side; middle tibiee, 
except the extreme ends, black; in the male the under side of middle 
femora on the apical half, also the inner and outer sides of the middle 
tibix, densely fringed with long flattened bristles; halteres yellowish; 
ovipositor of female greatly flattened, the basal piece as long as the 
last two abdominal segments; length 4 to 5 mm. Fifteen males and 
ten females. Paratypes returned to Mr. Lounsbury. 
Tlabitat.—W ynberg, Cape Colony, Africa. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5790, U.S.N.M. 


CERATITIS LYCII, new species. 


Head yellow, a black spot above the neck, sending a branch to each 
eye, a black spot in the middle of upper part of face; antenn yellow, 
three-fourths as long as the face, proboscis brown, the palpi yellow; 
body black, mesonotum opaque, grayish pruinose, the margin, pro- 
duced inward at the front and hind angles and in the middle in front, 
also a pair of round dots behind the suture, polished; a spot on the 
humerus uniting with a broad stripe on upper edge of pleura, also a 
sinuous, interrupted line at base of scutellum, light yellowish; abdo- 
men polished, the posterior portion of the first and third segments 
opaque, whitish pruinose, remainder of third segment opaque, brown- 
ish pruinose; ovipositor flat beneath, convex above, the basal portion 


NO. 1245, DIPTERA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA—COQUILLELT. D1 


as long as the last two abdominal segments; wings hyaline, a broad 
brown crossband on a line with humeral crossvein, followed by 8 or 4 
longitudinal brown streaks and about 9 brown dots, a second brown 
crossband extends from beyond apex of auxiliary vein to apex of last 
vein, at the costa united with a broad brown stripe that extends along 
the costa to midway between apices of third and fourth veins, filling 
the costal margin to the third vein and near middle of last section of 
the latter sending a branch obliquely to the wing margin below apex 
of fourth vein; the second crossband also sends a branch from the 
small crossvein obliquely to the apex of the fifth vein, covering the 
hind crossvein; the costal margin is very narrowly hyaline betweeen 
apices of the first and third veins, except a pair of brown dots between 
apices of first and second veins; extreme base of wings yellowish; 
legs, including the front coxe, yellow; length 4 mm. Two female 
specimens. 

[abitat.—Cape Colony, Africa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5791, U.S.N.M. 


ZAPRIONUS, new genus, DROSOPHILIDA. 


Near Drosophila, but the head longer than high, the front femora 
of the male with tubercles on the under sides, the bristly hairs of 
mesonotum arranged in distinct rows, and the front and thorax marked 
with silvery white lines. Front noticeably longer than wide, narrow- 
ing anteriorly, two pairs of vertical, one pair of ocellar, and one of 
postvertical bristles, two pairs of reclinate and more anteriorly one 
proclinate pair of orbital bristles, vibrissee stout, middle of face with 
a very high, broad, rounded carina, antenne three-fourths as long as 
the face, the third joint one and a half times as long as broad, arista 
bearing five long bristles on the upper side and two on the lower, 
clypeus projecting far beyond the oral margin; proboscis robust, 
labella fleshy, palpi large, eyes slightly higher than long, densely 
pubescent; thorax bearing two pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the 
bristly hairs between the two dorsocentral rows arranged in six dis- 
tinct rows; five supra-alar bristles, the anterior one in front of the 
suture, two humeral, two posthumeral and two sternopleural bristles, 
scutellum bearing four bristles, otherwise bare; auxiliary vein distinct 
at its base only, small and hind crossveins present, second basal cell 
confluent with the discal, anal cell present, the vein at its apex reach- 
ing about halfway to the wing-margin, axillary angle distinct; front 
femora of male somewhat thickened, on the apical two-thirds of the 
under side bearing a row of four short, black, forwardly directed 
tubercles, each of which bears at the base of the posterior side a back- 
wardly directed spinous bristle; middle and hind femora and ail tibiz 
without bristles except one at apex of inner side of each middle tibia. 


oD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Type, the following species: 


ZAPRIONUS VITTIGER, new species. 


Head and its members yellow, front opaque, dark reddish yellow, 


a silvery white line along each eye and next to this a dark brown line, 
a black ocellar dot, several short bristly hairs on lower half of front, 
eyes bordered with whitish, outer side of second antennal joint largely 
white, the third joint and the arista brown; mesonotum and scutellum 
rich dark reddish brown, opaque, the former marked with four nearly 
equidistant silvery white lines bordered with dark brown, the median 
pair prolonged over the scutellum, the others passing just above the 
posthumeral bristles; pleura marked with a median white line, the 
portion above it yellowish brown, that below it yellow; metathorax 
brownish yellow, abdomen polished, yellowish brown; legs yellow; 
wings grayish hyaline; length, 2.5 to3 mm. ‘Three male specimens. 

Habitat.—Cape Colony, Africa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5792, U.S.N.M., 


_  —. 


A REVIEW OF THE GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN, WITH 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWENTY-ONE NEW SPECIES. 


By Davip Starr JorpDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, 
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


In the present paper is given a descriptive catalogue of the species 
of gobies found in the waters of Japan. it is based primarily on the 
large collection made by the authors in Japan in the summer of 1900, 
under the auspices of the Hopkins Biological Laboratory of Stanford 
University. Numerous additional specimens have been presented by 
the Imperial University of Tokyo through Dr. Kakichi Mitsukuri, 
and by the Imperial Museum of Japan through Dr. Chiyomatsu Ishi- 
kawa. The gobies collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross in 1900, the collections in the United States National 
Museum, and the collections of Professor Keinosuke Otaki in 1895 and 
1896 have also been considered, as well as the collections made by Mr. 
Pierre Louis Jouy in 1885. 

A series of typical specimens are in the U.S. National Museum and 
in the Imperial University of Tokyo. Duplicates have been presented 
to several other institutions. 5 

The accompanying drawings are the work of Mrs. Chloe Lesley 
Starks, artist of the Hopkins laboratory, and of Mr. A. H. Baldwin. 


MEASUREMENTS. 


The measurements given in the tables were made by means of 
dividers and a proportional scale. In some cases they will be of great 
value as an aid in discriminating between closely related species. It 
is believed also that they will show, in an approximately definite way, 
some of the variations of certain characters useful in the determination 
of relationships. 

They are expressed in hundredths of the length of the body, which 
is measured from the tip of the snout to the end of the last vertebra. 
The depth of the body is measured at its deepest part; depth of caudal 
peduncle at its narrowest place; length of caudal peduncle from base 
of last anal ray to end of last vertebra; length of head from tip of 
snout to posterior edge of opercle; length of snout from its tip to 
anterior margin of orbit; width of interorbital space measured on 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1244. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——3 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. | VOL. XXIV. 


the skull, the dividers compressed tightly between the eyes; diameter 
of orbit, longitudinally; length of caudal fin from end of last vertebra 
to tip of longest rays. Only fully developed fin rays are counted; the 
rudimentary rays of dorsal and anal when closely adnate to the first 
branched ray, are counted with it as one ray; when the soft dorsal contains 
a spine, it is enumerated as a ray. When last ray of dorsal or anal is 
double it is counted as one. Scales in the lateral series are counted to 
base of caudal fin; transverse series from insertion of ventrals or anal, 
whichever is nearer middle of body, upward and forward; above or 
below lateral line as indicated in the description. 


Family GOBUD. 
THE GOBIES. 


Body oblong or elongate, naked or covered with ctenoid or cycloid 
scales. Dentition various, the teeth generally small but sometimes 
developed into great canines; premaxillaries protractile; suborbital 
without bony stay. Skin of head continuous with covering of eyes. 
Eyes usually moderate, sometimes concealed.  Opercle unarmed; pre- 
opercle unarmed, or with a short spine; pseudobranchiz present or 
absent. Gills 4, a sht behind the fourth; gill membranes more or less 
united to the isthmus, the gill openings thus restricted to the sides. 
No lateral line. Dorsal fins separate or connected, the spinous dorsal 
short, of 2 to 8 flexible spines, or sometimes wanting; anal usually 
with a single weak spine, the fin similar to soft dorsal; ventral fins 
close together, separate or united, each composed of a short spine and 
3 or 4 soft rays, the inner rays usually longest; the ventral fins when 
united form a sucking disk, a cross fold of skin at their base complet- 
ing the cup; caudal fin convex; anal papilla prominent. No pyloric 
veca; usually no air bladder. Carnivorous fishes, mostly of small 
size, living on the bottoms near the shores in warm regions. Some 
inhabit fresh waters and others live indiscriminately in either fresh or 
salt water; many of them bury in the mud of estuaries. Few of them 
are large enough to be of much value as food. The species are for 
the most part easily recognized, but their arrangement in genera is 
a matter of extreme difficulty. Until the multitude of Asiatic forms 
are critically studied, any definition of the Japanese genera must be 
tentative only. 

ANALYSIS OF GENERA OF JAPANESE GOBIID®. 
I. Soft dorsal and anal free from the caudal; body oblong or moderately elongate; 
eyes distinct; no deep pit above the opercle. 

a. Spinous dorsal well developed, of 6 or more rays; ventral fins well developed; 

body well scaled in all Japanese species. 
b. Oxymetopontine. Ventral rays I, 4, the two fins wholly separate; tongue 
pointed; mouth oblique. 


c. Body elongate, compressed; scales small, cycloid; chin with a thick barbel 
followed by 3 smaller ones. Dorsal rays about VI-25; isthmus narrow; 


Garid ails wrblactil ana Cras es eer ee eee eee ere re aati ee Vireosa. 1 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 35 


bb. Ventral rays I, 5. 
d. Eleotrine. Ventral fins entirely separate; pectorals normal; eyes not 
erectile; body scaly more or less. 
e. Vomer toothless. 
f. Preopercle without spine. 

g. Seales very large, 25 to 30; fins high; body short, compressed. 
Asterropteryx. 2 
gg. Scales moderate or small, 40 to 100; body not much compressed. 
h. Head not depressed above; scales very small, ctenoid; dorsal 


spines filamentous; isthmus broad.......----- Valenciennea. 3 

hh. Head depressed behind eyes; scales moderate, ctenoid; dorsal 
spines not elevated; isthmus very narrow... ---Odontobutis. 4 

J. Preopercle with a concealed, hook-likespine; scales moderate, ctenoid; 
isthmus broad; dorsal spines low -..-.--.--..----------- Eleotris. 5 


dd. Ventral fins joined at least at base. 

J. Periophthalmine. Pectoral fin with a scaly muscular base; eyes 
erectile; ventral fins joined at base or to the tip; no barbels; scales 
very small, cycloid; isthmus broad; tongue short, rounded, scarcely 
free at tip. 

h. Dorsal rays about V—25; head with fine roughnesses; ventral fins 
united; upper jaw with large exserted teeth; lower teeth hori- 
ZING L ee Meee epee hare CES Ace aie ES ean CA Boleophthalinus. 6 

hh. Dorsal rays about X to X V-12; head with small scales; ventral 
fins deeply notched; teeth not horizontal and not exserted. 
Periophthalmus. 7 

J. Gobiine. Pectoral fins without scaly muscular base; ventral fins 
large, completely united and not adnate to the belly; eyes not 
erectile; dorsal spines 6 or more; body well covered with scales. 

i. Teeth all simple, none of them trifid. 
j. Chin and lower side of head without barbels. 
k. Soft dorsal and anal short, each of 9 to 12 (rarely 13 or 
14) soft rays. 
!. Cheeks and opercles with large scales; scales on body 
large, ctenoid; dorsal spines 6.-.--....----- Hazeus. 8 
ll, Cheeks naked; opercles chiefly or entirely naked. 
m. Tongue truncate or rounded or pointed at tip; gill 
openings chiefly confined to the sides, separated by 
a rather broad isthmus. 

o. Seales ctenoid, rather large, mouth moderate; 
head not much depressed anteriorly or between 
the eyes, chin not prominent; isthmus broad. 

p. Pectoral with silk-like free rays above; dorsal 


S PIMC OPER aS es = 2 ee See Gobius. 9 

pp. Pectoral without silk-like free rays above. 
qe WorsalispineiGuesa5- 2222-5. 2 Ctenogobius. 10 
qs Dorsallspinese/ to) 9) s.- 22... 22 {boma. 11 


oo. Scales minute, cycloid; dorsal spines 6; head 
compressed, convex above, mouth large, 
oblique, but not opening widely; no silk-like 
rays on pectorals; some of the dorsal spines 
often elongate; isthmus narrow. 

Cryptocentrus. 12 

mm. Tongue emarginate at tip; mouth very large, isth- 
mus narrow, the gill openings extending forward 
below, head low, depressed, flat between the eyes. 


3¢ 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


r. Pectoral without silk-like rays above; chin 
prominent. 
s. Seales rather large, about 40; dorsal 
spines 6. ; 
Glossogobius. 13 
ss. Scales minute, 80 to 100. 
t. Dorsal spimes'6 = 22-2— Cheenogobius. 14 
tt.” Dorsal’spines) (or 8>2922_ =" Chloea. 15 
rr. Pectoral with silk-like rays above; chin 
not prominent, head very broad, de- 
pressed; scales minute, cycloid. 
Chasmias. 16 
kk. Soft dorsal and anal long, the former of 14 to 30 rays; dorsal 
spines 7 to 10. 

u. Scales very small, often cycloid; 
tongue rounded; head compressed, 
narrow above, isthmus rather nar- 
row, mouth moderate, oblique; 
pectoral with free silk-like rays 
above; soft dorsal and anal rays 
numerous, slender; color bright. 

Pterogobius. 17 
uu. Seales moderate, ctenoid; mouth 
moderate; isthmus broad. 
vz. Soft dorsal moderate, of 14 to 20 

rays. 

w. Cheeks naked; snout short, very 
bluntly  decurved; mouth 
large, very oblique; pectorals 
without silk-like rays. 

Suruga. 18 

ww. Cheeks scaly, at least above; 

snout long, moderately de- 
curved. : 

x. Pectorals without free silk-like 
rays above. 

Acanthogobius. 19 
: vx. Pectorals with free silk-like 
rays above -.-Sagamia. 20 
vv. Soft dorsal very long, of 20 or more 
rays; body elongate; caudal 

pointed; cheeks naked. 
Synechogobius. 21 

jj). Chin and edge of lower jaw with barbels. 

x. Dorsal short, about 6 to 11; 
scales ctenoid, moderate; 
barbels many on each side; 
isthmus broad; (a_ black 
ocellus on base of caudal 
above). 

Paracheturichthys. 22 

vv. Dorsals long, the rays VIII- 
14 to 25. 7 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. aL 


y- Barbels about 3 on each side; 
cheeks scaly; scales cy- 
cloid, deciduous, of moder- 
atesize; caudal fin pointed; 
isthmus narrow. 

Cheturichthys. 23 

yy. Barbels about 10 on each 

side; isthmus narrow; 

seales moderate, rather 

firm; caudal fin truncate; 

dorsal raysshort VIII-15. 

Ainosus. 24 

ii. Teeth trifid in the outer series, the inner series simple; body 

robust, covered with rather large ctenoid scales; head very 

broad; cheeks tumid, scaleless; tongue rounded; gill openings 

separated by a broad isthmus; pectoral without silky rays; ven- 

trals as in Gobius, not adnate to the belly; dorsal spines 6; soft 
dorsal and anal short. 

z. Edge of preopercle, pre- 
orbital, and ramiof lower 
jaw with fringes of bar- 
bels; a large pore be- 
hind eye. 

Trixnopogon. 25 
zz. Kdge of preopercle, pre- 
orbital, and lower jaw 

without barbels. 
Tridentiger. 26 
aa. Luciogobiine. Spinous dorsal wanting or reduced to a rudiment of less than 
6 rays; ventrals small, united in a short, rounded flap; body naked or with 
small embedded seales; head broad, depressed above, with tumid cheeks; 

teeth simple; soft dorsal and anal of moderate length. 
Spinous dorsal present, of three small spines; isthmus broad. 

b’. Body short and deep; the skin largely scaly --.----.-......-.- -Astrabe, 27 


bb’. Body elongate. 
af 


ad. 


Mouth large, oblique, the chin projecting; body chiefly naked; insertion of 

dorsal opposite that of anal; suborbital with barbels_-_--.-- Clariger. 28 
cc’. Mouth small, the chin included; body largely scaly; insertion of dorsal 
far in front of that of anal; suborbital without barbels. 


( 


Huteniichthys. 29 
aa’. Spinous dorsal wanting. 
d’. Isthmus broad; anal fin moderate, its insertion almost directly below 
that of dorsal; mouth large, oblique; coloration dark. 
i Luciogobius. 30 
dd’, Isthmus very narrow, the gill openings continued forward below; anal 
long, its insertion considerably before that of dorsal; mouth moderate; 
COMOn EADS NCOMby. Greg ee a8 otal sc ag. 2 2 Leucopsarion. 31 
II. Soft dorsal and anal very long, joined to the caudal; body eel-shaped, elongate 
and compressed, naked, or covered with very small scales. 
e’. Trypauchenine. Temporal region with a deep pit; eyes distinct, small; 
teeth small; ventral fins small. 
J’. Ventral fins divided, but united at base....--..----- Trypauchen. 32 
ee’, Gobioidine. Temporal region without fossa; eyes scarcely visible; 
teeth very long; curved, fang-like. 
g’. Soft dorsal and anal very long, of 35 to 50 rays each. 


Txnioides. 33 


388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


1. VIREOSA Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 
Vireosa JoRDAN and Snyper, new genus (han). 


Body greatly elongate, compressed, covered with minute, cycloid, 
separated, partly embedded scales; head naked, comparatively short, 
the forehead blunt, rounded; eyes large; chin with a long, flat barbel, 
followed by three smaller ones. Mouth large, subvertical; some of 
the teeth long; small canines present. Ventral fins entirely separate, 
the rays I, 4. Caudal fin with the upper and lower rays ending in 
long filaments. Dorsal spines not produced, the rays about VI-25; 
anal fin long. Gill openings wide, the isthmus narrow; gill-rakers 
long and slender, pseudo-branchiz present. 

A single species known, from the coast of Japan. The genus is not 
close to any other, being nearest Ptereleotris and Oxymetopon. (Vireo, 
to grow green, the name of a genus of birds.) - 


1. VIREOSA HAN Ze Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 5} in length; depth, 63; depth of caudal peduncle, 93; eye, 33 
in head; snout, 44; maxillary, 22; D. VI-25; A. 25; P. 21. 

Body very long; slender; compressed; caudal peduncle deep. Head 
short; its depth contained 14 times in its length. Interorbital space 
slightly convex; the distance between the eyes about equal to their 


Fic. 1.—VIREOSA HAN. 


longitudinal diameter. Eye large; directed laterally. Snout shorter 
than diameter of eye; blunt. Lower jaw projecting beyond the upper. 
Cleft of mouth large; almost vertical. Maxillary extending to a per- 
pendicular passing midway between pupil and anterior edge of orbit; 
entirely concealed. Teeth in upper jaw in 2 series; the outer con- 
sisting of a few large, curved, fang-like canines; the inner of minute, 
simple teeth, growing close up to and between the canines; side of 
lower jaw with canines, 2 of which are notably large; minute teeth 
growing between the larger ones; posteriorly the jaw curves upward; 
its surface having a row of minute teeth. Tongue slender; compressed 
laterally; the tip free. Gill openings wide; extending forward below; 
the width of isthmus separating them about equal to half the diameter 
of eye. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without protuberances. Pseudo- 
branchie present. Gill-rakers on first arch long; slender; close set. 


No.1244. =GOBIOID FISHES OF. JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 39 


Chin mites a Taae, median, fl: at ones ebout as feng as S the diameter 
of eye, followed by 3 minute ones which are concealed when the large 
one is depressed. Nostrils without tubes. 

Head naked. Body with minute, cycloid, partly embedded scales; 
smaller and farther apart anteriorly; larger and more close together 
posteriorly. The scales appear to the unaided eye like shallow depres- 


sions in the skin. 

Dorsals separate; the spines slender and flexible; the first 5 close 
together and evenly spaced; the sixth far removed; the distance 
between its base and that of the sixth about equal to the space occu- 
pied by the first 5; the last spine when depressed reaching insertion 
of soft dorsal. Anal inserted below the fourth or fifth ray of dorsal; 
the rays when depressed extending a little farther posteriorly than 
those of dorsal; neither reaching base of caudal. Caudal long; the 
upper and lower rays with long, ribbon-like filaments. Ventrals long; 
divided to the base; rays I, 4; the spine slender. 

Color in spirits, whitish; growing brownish above; a narrow light 
band on posterior part of body, running from a point a little above 
insertion of dorsal, backward and upward to near middle of base of 
caudal; body below the band yellowish white; eye with a slightly 
oblique silvery band about as wide as the orbit. Dorsal fins somewhat 
-dusky; center of caudal dusky; upper and lower parts lighter; upper 
filaments pearly white; the lower ones dusky; anal light, with a nar- 
now, pearly band at base; pectoral with an indistinct, crescent-shaped 
light mark near its base. 

In life the upper parts are bluish, becoming green on upper part of 
head with a shade of violet below the green; a reddish blotch at base 
of pectoral; lateral band above anal, brick red; the band extending on 
the caudal, where the reddish color becomes diffused over the fin above 
and below. Spinous dorsal light blue, with a tinge of pink; violet at 
base, becoming greenish above; 2 indistinct, narrow, blue lines run- 
ning horizontally near upper edge of fin; caudal bluish, tinged with 
red; the filaments greenish; pectorals and ventrals with bluish and 
greenish tints. 

The upper edge of the dorsal fins is damaged, so that the height of 
the rays can not be determined. The tips of the pectoral rays are 
broken off. The upper edge of the fins shows no trace of filaments. 

Measurements.—Length of body, expressed in millimeters, 94; depth, 
expressed in hundredths of length, 15; depth of caudal peduncle, 40) 
length of head, 18; length of snout, 45; width of interorbital Beare, 4 4; 
diameter of orbit, 54; distance from snout to spinous dorsal, 25 E trai 
snout to soft dorsal, 48; distance from snout to anal, 525; Reiche of 
longest anal rays, 13; length of caudal peduncle, 10; length of caudal 
fin, without filaments, 22; with filaments, 52; length of ventral fins, 17. 

Type. —No. 6444, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Kuro Shiwo of Japan, one specimen known; taken off Misaki in a 
net used to sweep for Mysi’s, by Professor Mitsukuri. Its colors in 
life are singularly delicate. 

(/Tana, a flower, the name of Professor Mitsukuri’s daughter.)- 


2 UN Sree @) ae exer Eu tiia jo elle 
Asterroplteryx RiiprEii, Atlas, Reise in Nord Afrika, 1828, p. 188 (semipunctatus). 
Priolepis Enrenperc fide Bleeker. 
FHypseleotris Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 270 (cyprinoides). 

Body short, deep, compressed, covered with large, nearly smooth 
scales; eyes moderate; mouth moderate, the teeth medium, uniserial; 
chin prominent; no teeth on vomer; no spines on preopercle; dorsals 
separate, the first of six spines, the second like the anal short and high. 
Ventrals separate, close together, each I, 5. Gill openings moderate. 

Species rather numerous in the East Indian region, one of them 
ranging north to Japan. 

(aornp, star; wrépvé, fin.) 


2. ASTERROPTERYX ABAX Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 4 in length: depth 4%; depth of caudal peduncle 64; eye 3% in 
head; snout 4%; D. VI-11; A. 9; P. 16; seales in lateral series 93; 
in transverse series 3. 
~ Body rather short, greatly compressed; caudal peduncle very deep. 
Head large; snout short; bluntly rounded. Mouth oblique. Maxil- 
lary reaching a perpendicular through posterior edge of orbit. Lips 


Ye in 


Fic. 2.—ASTERROPTERYX ABAX. 


thick. Anterior nostril with a high tube. Jaws without barbels. 
Kyes high in head, directed almost laterally; interorbital space very 
narrow. Cheeks fleshy, though not much puffed out. Mouth well 
furnished with strong teeth; upper jaw with 2 series; an outer row of 
small canines, widely spaced; an inner, narrow band of minute, simple 


9 


teeth; lower Jaw with 3 series; the outer and inner of large canines; 


no.1244. GOBIOT D FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 4] 


slightly curved; widely spaced; a narrow band ‘of villiform teeth 
between the canines. No teeth on vomer. Gill opening not extending 
far forward; the isthmus broad. No papillee on inner edge of shoulder 
girdle. Gill-rakers much reduced in size. 

Head naked: large pores on interorbital space and behind eyes; a 
space anterior to dorsal and extending backward a short, distance along 
its base, and the region anterior to pectoral and ventral fins naked; 
other parts of the body with large, smooth scales. Anal papille con- 
spicuous; its distal end fringed. 

Fins markedly prominent; dorsals close together; the first spine 
elongate; when depressed reaching a little beyond insertion of soft 
dorsal; the latter, when-depressed, reaching past base of caudal. Anal 
inserted helow base of second-or third dorsal ray; when depressed not 
reaching so far posteriorly as does the dorsal. Caudal large, rounded. 
Pectoral pointed; its upper edge without filamentous rays. Ventrals 
separated at base by a space about equal to half the diameter of eye; 
sharply pointed; the inner ray much longer than the others. 

Color in spirits, light olive; each scale with a dark border; head 
with black spots, a large prominent one on each side of nape; a median 
one posterior to these; 2 distinct spots immediately anterior to base of 
pectoral; rays of dorsals and caudal with small black spots; a vertical 
row of elongate spots on base of caudal; anal, pectorals, and ventrals 
with considerable dusky color. 

Other specimens were lighter in color, the distinctive markings 
being more or less plainly represented. 

Type.—No. 6445, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 
Locality, Misaki, Sagami, Japan. 

(afa&, x checker-board.) 


Measurements of Asterroplerya abax. 


Menrenamanillmeterss2-.s- cece seece auto cee bos eae hie igg $27) 30 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length..........-- } 213 233} 22 
Depthioncaudalipedunclels ss 4-2 ce .s2-secccssss--- == 16 16 | 16 
Men eLONOMMea Gece sates tee ee Seen ce Meee me 25 26 7 
HEN SthHOLsu OMe ce eee Heese ee eee ee eel eee ema se 6 6 6 
WENO UMIO MAM AR AT os cei ee aie nea cae ee ae eae 11: Ty) 1G 
Width of interorbital space 2 OPN 
DigmMeterOlL Orbit: sas cece ss eee oe at oat wae abe 8 6 6 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal .........-..-.- ee 36 | 36 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal..........---------- 52 54] 52 
Height of longest; dorsal spines!-.-- 234). 5.522-222-c2- 26} 28) 30 
Height of longest dorsal rays...........-...- ccmoeees|h, eal 2) 20 
DIStance trom SUOUt COaMal inv -22-— seek sees ese c ee aD 57 | 60 
Heighrotlonsesthamal rays 3 ssh. 2 se neat cance te eee Ve aed 20 
Henpihjorenuds) peduncle i) 15.22 5.2 2 Sis eeee ee [eon 27h 2b 
engin Ol caudal Anis. 2 een nm ses om ncace ner se 4d basees| 25 
ens tM OLrpectoralifinl=cosac..cse~~ = ow a. cone cota e ae bn 27 2EN eT 
hen sVOL Vemtnalltime ces 6 oss aces ayes ste oeraenicle fe le 22 24] 24 
NUM PeToOnMdorsal Spinest-p ses sees soess see oe essen oes 6 6 6 
Ineo (2) 900) wea (oy este GS EN ae ae a ee es 11 aby) all 
NIMC OTA MUETa VS Sa..cce oc eeho eda eee. seme Sooke 9 9 9 
Numpberompectoraliraysy..scaseesesssesss soeeeccseoee 16 16 | 16 
Number of scales in lateral series..................-- 23 23.) 23 
Number of scales in transverse series ..............-- 8 8 8 
| 


49 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


3. VALENCIENNEA Bleeker. 

Valenciennea BLEEKER, Boeroe, 1856, p. 412 (strigata). 

Calleleotris Gru, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 270 (strigata). 

Valenciennesia BurEKeR, Archives Nederl., 1874, p. 307 (strigata). 

Gobiomorus Grit, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 69 (taiboa = strigata; not of Lacé-_ 
pede, 1801; type gronovii = Nomeus, Cuvier). 

This genus is allied to FAleotr7s, having the same general form. 
Body rather elongate; head not much depressed, with no spine or 
bony crests. Mouth moderate, the jaws subequal, the teeth uniserial 
or nearly so, unequal; no vomerine teeth; pharyngeal teeth sharp; 
no preopercular spine; head naked, body covered with small, ctenoid 
scales; isthmus very broad; dorsal spines 6, elevated; soft dorsal and 
anal short; caudal convex; ventrals separate, the rays I, 5. 

East Indies; species not very numerous, one of them extending 
northward to the Riu Kiu Islands. 

(Named for Achille Valenciennes, the distinguished associate of 
Cuvier. ) 

3. VALENCIENNEA MURALIS (Quoy and Gaimard). 

Eleotris muralis Quoy and GAIMARD, manuscript, Cuvier and Valenciennes, XII, 
1837, p. 253, pl. cccivir, Tukopia.—BLeEKerR, Amboyna and Ceram, p. 276, 
Amboyna, Ceram.—Ginruer, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 180, Philippines.— 
Isnixawa, Cat. Fish., 1897, p. 38, Miyakoshima Is., Riukiu. 

Valenciennea muralis BLEEKER, Boeroe, 1856, p. 412, Boeroe. 

EHleotriodes muralis BLEEKer, Goram, p. 212, Goram. 

Eleotris longipinnis Lay and Brnnerr, Beechey’s Voyage of the Blossom, 1839, 
p- 64, pl. xx, fig. 38, Riukiu, Coll. Lay and Collie. 

Head 32; depth 5 to 6; D. VI-1,12; A. I, 12. Scales 80. Interor- 
bital space half diameter of eye; second, third, and fourth dorsal 
spines filamentous. Color clear green, brownish in spirits; head and 
body with red longitudinal bands; back with some irregular dark cross 
bars; fins yellow; first dorsal with a black spot behind the top of the 
third spine; dorsal and anal fins with red longitudinal bands; caudal 
with red and brown spots. (Giinther.) 

East Indies; not rare. Two Japanese records, the one that of Lay 
and Collie, from Riukiu, with a poor sketch, which does not agree 
with the description, the dorsal filaments being broken; the other 
that of a specimen from Miyakoshima in the Riu Kiu Islands, noted 
by Dr. Ishikawa. 

(Muralis, pertaining to a wall, the color markings resembling the 
lines in a stone wall: ‘‘ forment un dessin semblable & des assises de 
pierre de taille.”’) 

4. ODONTOBU TPIS: Bleeker: 

Odontobutis BLEEKER, Archives Nerlandaises, IX, 1874, p. 3805 (obscurus). 

Body stout, not compressed, covered with rather large, ctenoid scales. 
Head large, scaly on top and sides, depressed at the crown; no bony 
crests above; mouth rather large, oblique, the chin projecting; teeth 


No.1244. =GOBIOID eines. OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 43 


short, in broad bands; no teeth on vomer; doneue broad, rounded; 
no preopercular spine; isthmus very narrow, the gill membranes 
almost separate, and not united with the isthmus; branchiostegals 
unarmed. Dorsal fins short and low, the first of seven spines; ven- 
trals moderate, separate, each 1, 5. 

Japan and China, entering rivers; resembling in form and habit the 
American genus Dormetator. 

(odovs, tooth; But’s a related genus, the name of Indian vernacular 
origin. ) 


4. ODONTOBUTIS OBSCURUS (Schlegel). 
KAWASUSUKI. 
Eleotris obscura ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poissons, 1847, p. 149, pl. uxxvit, 
figs. 1-3; streams tributary to the bay of Nagasaki.—Gitnruer, Cat. Fishes, 
III, 1861, p. 115, Japan, Chikiang.—Isarkawa, Prel. Cat. Fishes Imp. Mus., 
1897, p. 37, Lake Biwa, Maibara, Matsubara, Hikone, Yamashiro, Yamato, 
Tsuyama. 
Odontobutis obscura JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 370, 
Yokohama. 
pend 2 22 in length; depth 4; depen of ae peduncle 22 in head; 
e 63; shout 34; maxillary 24; D. VII-9; A. 8; P. 15; scales in lat- 
al series 36, in transverse series 16. 

Form robust; the body thick-set; caudal peduncle deep; not much 
compressed. Head somewhat broader than the body, but less deep; 
snout long; pointed; the lower jaw projecting beyond the upper. Eye 
small; directed almost laterally; interorbital space concave; distance 
between eyes equal to about half their diameter. Mouth oblique; lips 
broad; maxillary concealed by lip and preorbital; extending to a ver- 
tical through posterior edge of pupil. Tongue very broad; rounded 
anteriorly. Teeth simple; in narrow bands on jaws; the outer ones 
not enlarged. Gill opening extending far forward; the isthmus nar- 
row. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without papille.  Gill-rakers on 
firstarch 1+ 17; farapart; very stubby. Anterior nostril with a low 
tube. No barbels on chin. 

Occiput and cheeks with small scales; snout, preorbital area, chin 
and throat naked; body with rather large, finely ctenoid scales. 

Dorsal fins separate; spinous dorsal when depressed just reaching 
insertion of soft dorsal. Anal inserted below base of second or third 
dorsal ray; the posterior rays longest; reaching slightly farther pos- 
teriorly when depressed than does the dorsal; both falling far short of 
base of caudal. Caudel rounded. Pectorals acutely rounded; upper 
edge without filaments. Ventrals separate; the distance between their 
bases about equal to two-thirds the diameter of eye. 

Body with much brownish or bluish black, in blotches of irregular 
shape and distribution; sides with 7 or 8 indistinct, narrow, light, 
lateral bands, which are more pid posteriorly; under part of head 
with large, light spots. 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Soft dorsal and anal with dusky spots arranged in longitudinal rows; 
caudal with indistinct dark vertical bands; 2 or 3 on the basal half of 
fin broadest; pectoral with indistinct, dark, vertical bands. 

Individuals from the same locality show considerable variation in 
color. Some are lighter, others darker than the one described. The 
light spots on the chin and throat are often represented by reticula- 
tions, while in some cases the white predominates, there being scarcely 
any dark color. Very young specimens have 3 dark bands passing 
over the back, and a broad band of dark color along the sides. 

Described from specimens from the Chikugo River, Kurume. This 
species reaches a length of nearly a foot. It is rather common in 
estuaries and river mouths from Tokyo southward. Our specimens 
are from Tokyo Bay, Lake Biwa (Funaki), Chikugo River, at Kurume, 
and Kawatana, on the Bay of Omura. It is recorded by Giinther from 
Chikiang in China. 


(obscurus, dusky.) 


Measurements of Odontobutis obscurus. 


Chikugo River, Se ee 
Kurume; EMei 
Chikugo, Japan. | apan, 

Length expressed in millimeters...........--.-- 114 | 102 827) 13323 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length...---. 26 24) 28 26 | 27 
Deprhyoricaudallpeduncless= assesses a= 14 14) 14 ih alg) 
Menethiont Ineadye sn seek scoot lmmie mie ewioeeceine 36 35 30 30} 30 
Mens throimsnOutss sconces oes see oe eee cee eee 11 iO alta) 113) 122 
Mens thro maar yee eee eee eee ee eee ree eee 15 15 16 16} 15 
Width of interorbital space 2-22. ------4£.--5--- 8 9 8 | 8 9} 
Digmetenionorbltes Uses ces ae eee ee ees 6 52 7 5 5i 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal... ...------ 463 45 16 46 16 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal.......-.------- 622) - 632 64 64 64 
Height of longest dorsal spines .........-------- 113 12 113 14 13 
Heishtoflonsest dorsal rays: -- eee re eee eee 15 14 152 15 14 
Distance from snout to anal fin..........--.---- 692 67 67 711i) 70 
Hershtiotlongestanail Tavs: -So.e5: 2 -ea-see 153 143} 153 144) 15 
Length of caudal peduncle. .--.....-..--.---:--- 233| 23 23 PPO PA 
ReneihoOncaudalsiniges.- sees eee es sae eee 26 25 26 223) 23 
hens thro cpectoralitims sos... 2s eee smear sere 24 25 24} 213| 23 
Mensthioh ventral dims 26 ens eele eee eae sey 17 183} 19 163] 153 
Num ibDerOndorsalisplies! ste -e- acee eee eee ace 7 7 | 8 7 
Ntmbenoicdonsalenaiveiices a: soe = sacs eee eee 10 9 9 10 9 
INUIMbErOMAMaTaAVGie acne eae = een ee Seen 8 9 8 8 8 
Number of scales in lateral series.........-.-.-- 35 36 34 3d 32 
Number of scales in transverse series ........--- ily 16 17 14 15 


5) ELEOTRIS: (Gronoy,)) Schneider: 


Eleotris Gronow, Zooph., 17638, p. 88 (nonbinomial). 
Eleotris SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 65 (pisonis). 
Culius BurEEKER, Archiv. Néerl., IX, 1874,p. 308 (fuscus). 

Body long and low, compressed behind. Head long, low, flattened 
above, without spines or crests, almost everywhere scaly. Mouth 
large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Lower pharyngeals rather 
broad, the teeth small, bluntish. Preopercle with a small concealed 
spine below, its tip hooked forward. Branchiostegals unarmed. Eyes 
small, high, anterior; isthmus broad. Tongue broad, rounded. — Post- 
temporal bones very strongly divergent, their insertions close together; 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 45 


top of skull somewhat elevated and declivous; interorbitat area slightly 

convex transversely; dorsal fins well apart, the first of 5 or 6 low, 

flexible spines; ventrals separate. Scales moderate, ctenoid, 45 to 70 

in a longitudinal series; vertebrae (pdsonis) 11415. Tropical seas, 

entering fresh waters. 

(nAeorpis, name of some small fish in the Nile, possibly from Aéeds, 
bewildered, or éA€0s, a pitiable thing.) 

a. Scales small, about 70. Seales of sides with dark centers, forming longitudinal 

streaks; usually a dusky lateral band; dorsal and caudal with distinct series 

of brown dots, anal and pectoral faintly barred.................... fusca. 5 

aa. Scales larger, about 50. Sides with pale streaks along the series of scales and 

with dark dots; head below with round, pale spots; fins with serrated 

nO wna am Cees Sete et mee ek SR PO AE ee eld! oxycephala. 6 


5. ELEOTRIS FUSCA (Schneider). 


Pecilia fusca SCHNEIDER, Bloch, Syst., 1801, p. 453. (After Cobitis pacifica Forster 
Ms. Insulze oviadee.) 

Eleotris fusca GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, III, 1861, p. 125, Ganges, Calcutta, Bengal, 
Amboyna, Aneitum, Oualan, Wanderer Bay, Ceylon, Canton.—IsHixawa, 
Prel. Cat. Fishes, 1897, p. 31, Riukiu Islands. 

Cheilodipterus culius BucHANAN and Hami.ron, Fish. Ganges, p. 55, pl. v, fig. 16, 
Ganges. 

Eleotris nigra Quoy and Gaimarp, Zool. Voy. Freyeinct, Zool., p. 259, pl. ux, 
fig. 2, Guam, Waigiou.—CuvieR and VALENCIENNES, XII, 1837, p. 235; Isle 
de France, Ganges, Malabar, Bombay, Java, Otaiti, Borabora, Society 
Islands, Madagascar. 

Culius niger BLEEKER, Boeroe, p. 411, Boeroe. 

Eleotris mauritianus BENNETT, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., I, 1831, p. 166, Mauritius. 

Head 3} in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; 
eye 6; snout 34; maxillary 23; D. VI-9; A. 9; P. 18; scales in lateral 
series 73; in transverse series 23. 

Body low, deep; compressed posteriorly; the caudal peduncle deeper 
and more compressed than that of 7. oxycephala. Eyes small; directed 
almost laterally; interobital space flat; distance between eyes slightly 
greater than length of snout. Snout sharp; lower jaw projecting. 
Mouth oblique; lips rather narrow; maxillary almost entirely con- 
cealed, extending to a vertical passing between pupil and posterior 
edge of orbit. Tongue rounded anteriorly. Teeth simple; in bands 
on both jaws; the outer and inner ones slightly enlarged; a narrow 
naked space on lower jaw at the symphysis. Gill openings not extend- 
ing far forward below; width of isthmus about equal to length of 
maxillary. Gill-rakers on first arch 2+ 10; reduced to mere eleva- 
tions. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without papille. Nostrils 
small; the anterior with a tube. No barbels on jaw. Edge of pre- 
opercle with a strong, sharp spine, which projects downward and for- 
ward. 

Head almost completely scaled; a small, naked area in front of the 
eye and on anterior part of chin; minute scales on upper part of head, 
running forward on snout; on cheeks, rami of lower jaw, and on 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


branchiostegal region. Body covered everywhere with small scales; 
those on nape, breast, and belly cycloid; on sides weakly ctenoid. 

Dorsal spines slender; flexible; the tips with short, projecting fila- 
ments; the spines when depressed reaching slightly beyond insertion 
of soft dorsal. Caudal rounded. Anal rays longest posteriorly; when 
depressed they reach as far backward as do those of the dorsal, both 
falling far short of reaching the base of caudal. Pectorals pointed; 
the upper rays without free filaments. Ventrals separate; pointed. 

Color in spirits, brownish; with indistinct, narrow, longitudinal, 
dark bands on body; 3 narrow, brownish bands radiating from 
posterior edge of eye. 

This description is of specimens about 130 millimeters long, collected 
by Dr. O. P. Jenkins in Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. 

Islands and shores of the Western Pacific Ocean, especially in the 
mouths of streams; recorded from many localities. ‘The only Japanese 
record is that of a specimen in the Imperial Museum, recorded by 
Ishikawa, from the Riukiu Islands. 

(fusca dusky.) 


6. ELEOTRIS OXYCEPHALA (Schlegel). 


Eleotris oxycephala ScHuEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1845 or 1846, p. 150, pl. Lxxvit, 
figs. 4, 5, Nagasaki.—Gtinruer, Cat. Fish, III, 1861, p. 116, China.—Jorpan 
and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 371, Lake Biwa. 

Eleotris cantherius RicHarpson, Ich. China, 1846, p. 209, Macao. 


Head 3% in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 2} in head; 
eve 83; snout 33; maxillary; D. V-9; A. 9; P. 18; scales in lateral 
series 50; in transverse series, 15. 

Body deep; compressed; caudal peduncle greatly compressed. Head 
long; pointed. Snout rather sharp; the lower jaw projecting. Eyes 
very small; directed laterally; interorbital area flat; the distance 
between eyes 3% times their longitudinal diameter. Mouth very 
oblique. Maxillary except its distal part concealed; reaching a vertical 
between pupil and posterior edge of orbit. Tongue broad; the anterior 
edge concave. Teeth simple; in rather broad bands on jaws; the 
anterior and posterior ones enlarged. Gill openings not extending 
very far forward; the width of isthmus equal to length of snout. 
Inner edge of shoulder girdle without elevations. Gill-rakers on first 
arch 3+ 10; stubby; covered with sete. Posterior border of pre- 
opercle with a blunt spine which projects downward. Anterior nostril 
with a low tube. No barbels on lower jaw. 

Head with scales, except on snout, throat, and chin; occiput and 
cheeks with small cycloid scales. Body with large ctenoid scales; those 
on nape, breast, and belly smaller; cycloid. 

Dorsals separate; the spines when depressed just reaching insertion 
of soft dorsal; posterior rays of soft dorsal longest; when depressed 
they reach base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Anal inserted below 


aF os 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 4% 


bases of second or third dorsal rays; when depressed the rays do not 
quite reach base of caudal. Pectoral acutely rounded; the upper rays 
without filamentous tips. Ventrals separate; pointed. 

Seales with subdued, dark, lateral bands; a narrow brownish band 
running obliquely downward from eye to edge of preopercle; a simi- 
lar but shorter band above the latter extending directly backward. 
Spinous dorsal with two brownish lines running horizontally; soft dor- 
sal with brownish, inverted V-shaped marks on the membranes. 
Caudal and pectorals with small brownish spots arranged in vertical 
rows. Anal with indistinct dark markings. 

Described from a specimen about 230 millimeters long from near 
Yokohama. <A smaller specimen has 6 dorsal spines. 

Coasts of China and southern Japan, rather rare, entering fresh 

yaters; our specimens from Haneda, near Yokohama, from Waka- 
noura, and from Lake Biwa. 
_ (0&vs, sharp; Ke¢dahn, head.) 


6. BOLEOPHTHALMUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 
Boleophthalmus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, 1837, p. 198 
(bodderti). 
Scartelaos Swainson, Classn. Fishes, IT, 1839, p. 279 (viridis). 
Boleops Gin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 271 (aucupatorius). 

Body elongate, compressed behind; covered with very small or rudi- 
mentary scales. Head not depressed nor compressed, the mouth 
moderate, little oblique, the lower jaw included. HKyes placed high, 
close together, prominent, the lower eyelid well developed. ‘Teeth in 
one row above, two below; some of the upper prominent, canine-like, 
projecting; outer row of lower teeth nearly horizontal (dilated at tip 
in typical species). Tongue broad, rounded, and scarcely free at tip. 
Dorsal fins separate, the first high, of about 5 slender spines, fila- 
mentous at tip; second dorsal and anal long; caudal rounded; basal 
portion of the pectoral tin muscular and covered with small scales; 
ventral fins completely united; caudal oblong, the lower part obliquely 
truncate; isthmus broad. 

Fishes of the estuaries of the East Indies, one species extending 
northward to Japan. Like the species of Periophthalmus, they are 
able to skip about on the mud by the use of the muscular pectorals. 

(Bodn, throwing; odbadpos, eye.) 


7. BOLEOPHTHALMUS CHINENSIS (Osbeck), 


Apocryptes chinensis OspecK, Aman. Acad., 1754, p. 29, fig. 23, Coll. Lagerstrom, 
Canton; Reise nach China, 1757, p. 170, Canton, pre-Linnzean; Voyage to 
China, English edition, 1771, p. 200, Canton. 

Gobius pectinirostris GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 1200, China, after Lagerstrom 
and Osbeck, and of the copyists Bonnaterre, Schneider, Lacépéde, Shaw, ete. 

Apocryptes pectinirostris CuvirR and VALENCIENNES, XII, 1837, p. 150 (after 
Osbeck ). 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Boleophthalmus pectinirostris spicy: eae China, 1846, p. 208, Canton.— 
Giinruer, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 102, Penang, Molucca, Ningpo, Amoy.— 
IsnHrkAwa, Cat. Fish., 1897, p. 38, ca (Nagasaki), China. 

Boleophthalmus bodderti SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 148, pl. uxxv1, fig. 3, 
Nagasaki (not Gobius boddxrti Pallas, of the East Indies). 

Head 41 in length; depth 64; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; 
eye 6; snout 3%; maxillary 24; D. V-25; A. 25; P. 19. 

Body notably elongate; ‘audal peduncle deep; compressed. Head 
of moderate size, a little broader than body. Snout rather short, 
blunt. Eyes small, the lower lid enlarged so that it easily covers the 
eye; upper part of eye with skin similar to that of head. Interorbital 
space narrow; a slight ridge along its middle. Mouth oblique; upper 
lip thick; maxillary concealed throughout, extending to a vertical 
through a point a little posterior to eye. Tongue not free at tip. 
Teeth of upper jaw ina single row; 3 or 4 enlarged canines on each 
side anteriorly; the teeth posterior to the canines Abrepile smaller; 
sharp; those of lower jaw in 2 rows; the inner row represented by a 
strong canine on each side of symphysis; those of the outer row placed 
horizontally; projecting outward beyond edge of jaw; anteriorly, 
simple and with rounded points; posteriorly, their cutting edges are 
broadened and notched. Gull openings small, restricted to the sides. 
No elevations on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers 6+6; 
short; pointed. No barbels on chin. 

Head and anterior parts of body covered with conspicuous, conical, 
tubular papille. (On some specimens the skin is covered with mucus, 
the large openings of the tubes looking like white spots.) Body with 
cycloid scales; rather large posteriorly, becoming smaller and disap- 
pearing anteriorly. ; 

Dorsals separate; the spines long, slender, and filamentous; the third 
projecting about half its length beyond the membrane; aon dorsal 
with a very long base; the rays of about the same height throughout. 
Anal inserted below base of fourth dorsal ray; similar in shape to 
dorsal, except that the rays are much shorter; when depressed, reaching 
base of caudal, but not extending so far posteriorly as do those of the 
dorsal. Caudal and pectorals rather acutely rounded; no filaments on 
upper edge of the latter. Ventrals short; free posteriorly. 

Color of body plain brownish. Spinous dorsal bluish, with round 
or slightly oblong white spots with darker borders. Soft dorsal of 
same color, with elongate white spots arranged in 7 longitudinal rows; 
the spots more nearly round near base of fin, becoming elongate and 
linear near the top. Caudal with round or elongate white spots in 
vertical rows. Other fins light in color and without spots. 

Coast of China and Japan, generally common in muddy bays south- 
ward. Our description based on specimens from the Bay of Tokyo. 
We also have representatives from Nagasaki. 


no. 1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 49 


Measurements of Boleophthatmus chinensis. 


Bayof | . ene: 
Tokyo. | Nagasaki. 
‘) Length expressed in millimeters...........-.-- 141 120 146 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length....-. 17 15 164 
DepibiOmcauOali peduncle: S222 sass cose = 9 103} 94 
Menguhrorineadysss= 8-8 ster cnes eae ecenes ole 243 26 | 24 
en SthOmenOuti eo k ss eee Se ee eee ce 7 62 62 
Menoth otemanlary: 2.2 ones ace cscmece fcccss ce 12 12 11 
Waidthiofsinterorbital space </- 5-22. -24-\,.-2--<-- 1 1 1 
DinmMetermomol plas ee eee eee teen ee sae 4 1% 4 
, Distance from snout to spinous dorsal. -....----- 33 34 | 33 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal.........-.-.. 51 52 | fae 
Height of longest dorsal spines ...-.....--.-..- 34 36 352 
Height of longest dorsal rays ..:...--.-----=--- 14 14 164 
Distance from snout to anal fin .......----.-.--- 56 57 | 562 
Heicht of longestianal raya: so.2220-2.. 252.28. 9 8 | 92 
Length of caudal peduncle... =. -.- 5-222 ---4- 9 8 | 7 
Mens thy OMeCaAUGal AN ss. 2— ee sees = odes. cee 23 25 | 27 
Meno tO OL spectral sere see a aos saoceeeae 15 14 16 
Meneth Of VENUal fins: toc. . tec nese nce ee 16 12 16 
Nimiberot.dorsall spines 2-2 2.5 226s esc oc 5 5 | 5 
Number ordorsalitays) S205. ss cee se ee AN 25 25 25 
INIM Peron cma Tash eek Soon oana er tae 2 25 25 25 
| 


7- PERIOPHTHALMUS Schneider. 
Periophthalmus SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., Bloch, 1801, p. 63 (papilio). 
Huchoristopus Giit, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 271 (kelreuteri). 
? Periophthalmodon BuLEEKER, Archiy. Néerl., LX, 1874, p. 326 (schlosseri), (Ven- 
‘tral fins more nearly united; dorsal spines in smaller number; scales large. ) 

Body oblong, subcylindrical, covered with very small cycloid scales. 
Head large, the sides with minute scales; mouth rather small, hori- 
zontal, the chin included; teeth moderate, conical, vertical in both 
jaws; eyes high, very close together, erectile, the outer eyelid well 
developed; tongue broad, rounded, little free at tip. Dorsal fins 2, 
the first long of 10 to 15 spines; second dorsal and anal short; pectoral 
fin with a scaly muscular base; ventral fins broad each I, 5, more or 
less completely separated; caudal obliquely truncate below. Isthmus 
broad. Vertebre 11 + 15 = 26. No air bladder. 

Small fishes of the estuaries and mud flats of the Kast Indian region, 
one species ranging northward to Japan. They are said to range about 
on land in muddy places, in pursuit of insects, etc.,on which they feed. 

(wepi, around; ofbarpos, eye.) 


8. PERIOPHTHALMUS CANTONENSIS (Osbeck). 


Apocryples cantonensis OsBecK, Reise nach China, 1757, p. 171, Canton, pre- 
Linnean; Voyage to China, English edition, 1771, p. 201, Canton. 

Periophthalmus modestus Cantor, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., IX, 1842, p. 29, Chusan.— 
Ricnarpson, Ich. China, 1846, pp. 208, 319 (after Cantor and Schlegel). 

Periophthalmus modestus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 147, pl. uxxv1, fig. 2, 
Nagasaki. 

Periophthalmus keelreuteri, var. modestus GinTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 98, 
Ningpo, Hongkong, Chusan.—Isurkawa, Cat. Fish., 1897, p. 38, Gyotaku, 
Shimosa, Kishiw, Hizen. 

Gobius tannoao RicHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 206 (after Osbeck). 


Head 4 in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; 


Toc. Nv. vol. xxiv—o1——_ 4 


5O PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


eye 48; snout 34; maxillary 23; D. XIV-12; A. 12; P. 14; scales in 
lateral series 75; in transverse series 27. 

Body elongate; compressed. Head large; the snout notably short 
and blunt anteriorly. Eyes small; high in head; their upper edges 
projecting above the dorsal contour; interorbital space very narrow; 
with a median linear depression. Cleft of mouth horizontal. Lips 
thin; pendulous; suborbital part of head with a pendulous flap. 
Maxillary completely concealed; extending to a vertical through 
pupil. Teeth ina single row in each jaw; simple, strong, and sharp; 
no enlarged canines. Gill opening small. Gill-rakers on first arch 
minute; stubby; no barbels on chin. Lower eyelid’well developed; 
capable of extending over the whole eye. 

Head naked except on upper edge of opercle and on occiput. Body 
with very small cycloid scales. 

Spinous dorsal long and high, the spines varying in number from 
12 to 16; higher anteriorly, growing gradually shorter posteriorly; 
when depressed not reaching insertion of soft dorsal. Rays of soft 
dorsal of about the same length throughout. Anal inserted on a ver- 
tical passing a little anterior to insertion of soft dorsal, its rays when 
depressed not reaching so far posteriorly as do those of dorsal, both 
falling far short of base of caudal. Pectorals and caudal rounded. 
Ventrals short; partially united by a very thin membrane. 

Color in spirits brownish; darker above than -below; small dark 
specks scattered over sides and upper parts. Color of spinous dorsal 
growing a little darker toward border of fin. Soft dorsal with a row 
of brown spots, one on each ray, along its base; a broad brownish | 
band a little above middle of fin; outer parts of fin transparent. 
Caudal and pectorals dusky; the latter with brown specks. Anal and 
ventrals light. 

Coasts of China, Korea, and southern Japan; rather common in 
muddy bays. Here described from specimens collected at Yotoku, Bay 
of Tokyo, presented by the lnperial Museum. 


Measurements of Periophthalmus cantonensis. 


l 
Length expressed in millimeters................ 68 | 69 73 66 | 66 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length.....-.- 20) 9 eeL9 187) 28 
Depthiol cauGdalmeduneles ss saa--csccee-eeeecee 11 gi) 11 LOM) Ppl: 
engci hor hedges =: 5. Jol Mos oe sen co seeeaestene 25 24 | 242) 24) 25 
Mens thvohismouibic,.-i-< scene os eeees actiase-meeoae 6 6 6 (lf ee 
Hens MoOmmaxdUanyn ss oc no sees oeeee meee ae 82} 8 8 Sr es 
Widthiotanterorbital space... 2c... <-sceeeeceenees 1 a 1 1 1 
Diameterovonrbpits. 3c. -.< 50-2 sacs eee eee eee 51 5 ae Beil at 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal........--- 39 Bt St) 34 | 36 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal..........-...- 61 59 59 59 | 61 
Height of longest dorsal spines..............---- 18 153| 18 TOT als 
Height of longest dorsal rays.............-.- =e, 13 12 13 1S) 3 
Distance from snout to anal fin .............-... 64 60) 613 G5) 261" 
Height of longest anal rays...............--.+..- 8 7 | 83 8 7 
Len¢eth of caudal peduncles: 5.25. .2-seenseeene 20 20 | 21 21 20 

hens thyvonesud pehint= =. snocsc ccm tee seeeee ene 22 991| 23 935), 9519} 
enpihorpeGtora lution sos ee een 99)|| 7905) a9 D1 | aeli7 
Mens thiokwenitra) fimiees esse o...s-lececoee eens 123 1 | ae pape rib 
Number/ofidorsal Spies.” ... =... 2-./.+-5-ceeeeeee 13 13%)" 728 13 | 16 
INUMMbenone Onsaluray sees... sce Aacee eee 12 12 ele 1 Pe nes 
INtimibernotiemalimaviciies er bass: - A= aoa soeee eee 12 12 12 12) 92 2 
Number of scales in lateral series -......-..- ee 76 74 78 75) 73 a 
Number of scales in transverse series........---- 28 27 | 26 26 26 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 5 


8. HAZEUS Jordan and Snyder. 
Hazeus JORDAN and SNybrER, new genus (otakii). 


This genus agrees with Cfenogobius in all respects, except that the 
cheeks are covered with large scales, as in Bollmannia, from which 
the presence of but six dorsal spines especially separates it. Two 
species known. (//aze, the Japanese name for all small gobies.) 


9g. HAZEUS OTAKII Jordan and Snyder, new species 


Head 33 in length; depth 54; depth of caudal peduncle 2% in head; 
eye 3; snout 4; maxillary 22; D. VI-9; A. 10; P. 17; seales in lateral 
series 24, in transverse series 7. 

Body thickset; the contours sloping slowly and gradually from head 
to caudal peduncle, which is about half as deep as body. Head large; 
as broad as deep. Snout short; rather pointed. Eyes large, directed 
obliquely upward; interorbital space very narrow. Mouth oblique; 
the jaws equal; maxillary extending about to edge of pupil, concealed 
beneath the suborbital and the thick lip. Teeth simple; in bands on 


ve . MON (00 c 
Ciinailes 


XS ROO 


Fic. 3.—HAZEUS OTAKII. 


both jaws; outer ones considerably enlarged; the most posterior large 
tooth on each side of lower jaw a little stronger than the others and 
curved backward. Gill openings not extending far forward; the 
isthmus narrow. No papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill- 
rakers rather long; not very slender. No barbels on jaw. Anterior 
nostril with a tube. 

Head with large cycloid scales on nape and cheeks; snout, chin, and 
throat naked. Body with large ctenoid scales, which are easily dis- 
placed. Scales on occiput and nape large, there being 7 in a row 
between interorbital space and base of first dorsal spine. Anal papilla 
notably long and slender. 

Dorsals separate; highest spines about equal in length to depth of 

body; rays a little higher; when depressed, the fin does not reach 
base of caudal. Anal inserted below base of second or third dorsal 
‘ay; tip of depressed fin reaching slightly farther backward than does 


52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


the domsal. SPesiona pointed; upper edge of fin without filaments. 
Ventrals free posteriorly, extending to vent. 

Body with 6 small, dark spots along the sides; the anterior one 
at upper edge of gill opening; the posterior on base of caudal fin; 
branchiostegal membranes ‘aed with dusky; each scale on head and 
body with a dusky margin. Dorsals and caudal with small black 
blotches arranged in wavy lines; anal broadly bordered with dusky; 
pectorals and ventrals with but little dusky color. 

The species is represented by a single specimen, 44 millimeters long, 
from Nagasaki. It is recorded as type No. 6446, Leland Stanford 
Junior University Museum. 

(Named for Keinosuke Otaki, professor in the Imperial Military 
Academy of Tokyo, a former student of Stanford University, who 
accompanied us in our travels through northern Japan, and to whom 
we are indebted for many favors.) 


9. GOBIUS (Artedi) Linnzeus. 


Gobius Arrept, Genera, 1738, p. 28 (niger) 
Gobius Linn.xus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 262 (niger). 

Body oblong, compressed behind. Head oblong, moderately 
depressed; the snout rounded. Eyes large, anterior, close together; 
opercles unarmed. Mouth moderate, not greatly oblique, the chin not 
prominent. Teeth conical, in few series, none of them canine. ‘Tongue 
not notched; isthmus broad. Skull depressed, abruptly widened behind 
the eyes and without distinct median keel. Scales moderate, ctenoid, 
cheeks naked, no barbels; no fleshy flaps on shoulder girdle. Dors al 
with 6 slender spines and about 10 soft rays. Anal short; ventrals fully 
united, not adnate to the belly; pectorals with free, or silk-like rays 
above; caudal fin obtuse. 

Species few, but widely diffused; found in all warm seas. 

(Gobius, the gudgeon, or other small fish.) 


10. GOBIUS PCECILICHTHYS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 33 in length; depth 5; depth of caudal peduncle 2+ in head; 
eye 34; snout 23; maxillary 92; D. VI-10; A. 9; P.18; scales in lateral 
series 37, In transverse series 13. 

Body rather thickset; cylindrical anteriorly; the caudal peduncle 
compressed. Head as broad as body. Eyes large; directed laterally; 
the upper edges projecting slightly, making the interorbital space con- 
cave. .Snout blunt, rather acutely rounded. Jaws equal; lips wide, 
the lower forming a broad fold over the upper at their union; maxil- 
lary entirely concealed, extending to a vertical passing between pupil 
and anterior margin of orbit. Teeth simple, in rather broad bands on 
jaws, the outer ones somewhat enlarged. Tongue broad anteriorly, 


No.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 53 


only the edge of tip free. Gill openings restricted laterally; isthmus 
very broad; its width almost equal to depth of caudal peduncle; edge 
of shoulder girdle without papille. Gill-rakers slender. 

Head naked; no barbels on chin; anterior nostrils with tubes. Body 
with large, finely ctenoid scales; those on nape and breast minute. 

Dorsals separate, though close together; spines slender, the anterior 
ones highest; rays somewhat higher than spines, growing gradually 
shorter from before backward. Anal inserted below third or fourth 
dorsal ray, extending posteriorly as far as dorsal, both falling far short 
of base of caudal. ‘audal large, broadly rounded. Pectoral rounded 
posteriorly, its upper edge with conspicuous, free filaments. Ventrals 
nearly reaching vent; free posteriorly. 

Head and body clouded with brownish black. Spinous dorsal with 
a broad, blackish blotch; fin with a wide, white margin; the first spine 
with 4 small, black spots. Soft dorsal with narrow, zigzag, dusky 
bands; the spine with 3 small, elongate, black spots. Unper two- 
thirds of caudal with oblong, dusky spots; lower third without marks. 


Fig, 4.—GOBIUS P@CILICHTHYS. 


Pectoral with indistinct, dusky spots arranged in vertical rows. 
Ventrals and anal with a little dusky color; the latter with a white 
margin. 

The species is represented by 2 specimens, the type No. 6448, 
Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, and another very small 
one from Misaki, Sagami. 

Measurements.—Length expressed in millimeters, 48; depth ex- 
pressed in hundredths of length, 21; depth of caudal peduncle, 13; 
length of head, 29; length of snout, 10; length of maxillary, 11; 
width of interorbital space, 1; diameter of orbit, 74; distance from 
snout to spinous dorsal, 37; to soft dorsal, 55; height of longest 
dorsal spines, 14; rays, 173; distance from snout to anal, 51; height 
of longest anal rays, 15; length of caudal peduncle, 24; length of 
caudal fin, 25; length of pectoral, 25; of ventral, 23. 

Pacilichthys, moukii os variegated; iy4vs fish, name of a genus of 
American Percidze, which this fish much resembles. 


or 
rx 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


10° CLENOGOBIUGS Gill: 


Ctenogobius Git, Fish. Trinidad, 1858, p. 374 (fasciatus). 

Euctenogobius Git, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1859, p. 45 (badius). 
Rhinogobius Gru, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1859 (similis). 

Coryphopterus Grit, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1863, p. 263 (glaucofrenum). 
Acentrogobius BuEEKER, Archiy. Néerl., IX, 1874, p. 321 (chlorostigma). 
Zonogobius BurEKER, Archiv. Néerl., [X., 1874, p. 323 (semifasciatus). 

Body oblong, compressed behind. Head oblong, not much de- 
pressed. Eyes high, anterior, close together; opercles unarmed. 
Mouth moderate, the lower jaw usually shortest. Teeth on jaws only, 
conical, in few or several series, those in the outer row enlarged; no 
large canines; tongue usually truncate. Isthmus broad. Shoulder 
girdle without fleshy flaps or papille. Skull depressed, abruptly 
widened behind the eyes and without distinct median keel. Scales 
moderate or large, ctenoid, permanently covering the body; cheeks 
naked; opercles naked, or scaled above only; belly generally scaly. 
Dorsal. with 6 rather weak spines; pectorals well developed, the upper 
rays without free or silk-like tips; ventrals completely united, not 
adnate to the belly; caudal fin usually obtuse. 

Species numerous in Asia and America. The genus Ctenogobius, as 
here understood, comprises a large number of species more or less 
closely related to the European genus (Gobius, in which genus the 
species have been usually placed. The species of Gob/us are larger in 
size, with a different physiognomy and with silk-like free tips to the 
upper rays of the pectorals. 

(«teis, comb; Gobius.) t 
I. Opercles scaly on the upper half; scales about 36; body with dark bands and 

streaks; first dorsal filamentous, with a black blotch on last rays; caudal 
streaked =. ....2. st. oper c = See ae ee ee ee abet. 11 
If. Opercles entirely naked. 

a. Nape with a naked area; head rather large; dorsal spines in adult filamentous. 
b. Seales 31; body rather robust; dorsal elevated in the adult and margined with 

white; caudal unspotted; body olivaceous, with faint lateral blotches. 
similis, 12 
bb. Scales 26; body more elongate; dorsals edged with black, finely spotted; 
caudal spotted above, the lower part abruptly without spots, body with 
smallispots ee tt 22 saa: Biss 2 ae po a ee gymnanuchen. 13 

aa. Nape closely scaled; scales of body 26 to 28. 

c. Head large, 34 in length; fins large; sides with 6 conspicuous black spots; 
dorsals spotted; caudal with faint wavy bands .......---- hadropterus. 14 

cc. Head moderate, about 4 in length. 
d. Body sparsely covered with round dark spots, and with faint longitudinal 


stripes; dorsal spotted; caudal vaguely banded ..--.--..- campbelli. 15 
dd. Body without well-defined round black spots; a black bloteh at base of 
caudal. 


e. Sides with 5 distinct narrow streaks along the rows of scales; eye small, 
nearly 4 in head; no long dark blotch on chin and throat. 

virgatulus. 16 

ee. Sides without well defined stripes; eye large, 3 in head; branchiostegal 

renion iblackisht=. (si... eae eee ee Ot ee pflaumi. 17 


ae ell 


iw 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 5 


11. CTENOGOBIUS ABEI Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 33 in length; depth 54; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; 
eye 33; snout 4; maxillary 23; D. VI-9; A. 9; P. 16; scales in lateral 
series 36, in transverse series 13. 

Body short, thick, cylindrical anteriorly; caudal peduncle com- 
pressed. Head large; snout bluntly rounded. Eyes of moderate 
size directed laterally; interorbital space somewhat convex; distance 
between eyes equal to 13 times their diameter. Mouth oblique; jaws 
equal; maxillary concealed, extending to a vertical through posterior 
part of pupil. Teeth in narrow bands on both jaws; the outer ones 
enlarged. Tongue concave anteriorly. Gill openings restricted to 
the sides; isthmus broad; its width contained about 3 times in head. 
No papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers very short 
and blunt. Anterior nostril with a tube. No barbels on head. 


Fig. 5.—CTENOGOBIUS ABEI. 


Occiput and upper part of opercles with scales, head otherwise naked; 
body covered everywhere with finely ctenoid scales, small anteriorly, 
growing gradually larger posteriorly. 

Dorsals separate; the spines with long, projecting filaments; when 
depressed they reach beyond insertion of soft dorsal; rays a little 
longer posteriorly; when depressed not reaching base of caudal. Anal 
inserted below base of second dorsal ray; hie depressed, reaching 
as far posteriorly as does the dorsal. Caudal rounded.  Pectorals 
pointed; the upper rays without free filaments. Ventrals free poste- 
riorly from belly. 

Color in spirits, light olive, mottled and banded with brownish black. 
Anterior half of body with 5 broad, vertical dark bands; posterior 
half with 2 longitudinal dark bands extending on base of caudal fin; 
the upper band connected with its fellow on the opposite side of body 
by indistinct dark bands which nearly coalesce into a dark mass of 
color. Head with dark reticulations. Spinous dorsal with a black 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


spot on its posterior part; soft dorsal, anal, pectorals and ventrals 
dusky; caudal dusky, with dark lines running in the direction of the 
rays. 

Type.—No. 6447, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, col- 
lected at Wakanoura, Kai. 

Another specimen has 41 scales in the lateral series and 15 in the 
transverse series. 

The species is easily distinguished from //, ofak77 by its much smaller 
scales and peculiar dark color markings. 

(Named for Mr. Kakichi Abe, of Tokyo, a former student of Stan- 
ford University, who accompanied us in our travels throughout south- 
ern Japan, to the great advantage of our work.) 


Measurements of Ctenogobius abei. 


Heneth imam mMetersissce coe cs seen eee eee eee 86 | 35 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length. wists Saree Serene ee 20) | a9) 
Depthror caudal peduncles -s.sseeeee eee eee eee eee 1 ale} 
ene th Of Ieadhs.8 secs shoes oe eo eee oes See eel 27 4\, 29 
hens thot SHOUTS ce cacao wee ete a comer ena oe eee 6 7 
Widthrorinteronbitallispaces-s-5--eaeeee eee eee ee neeene 6 7 
Diameterororbit-ts- ssa cees one aces aetna mee H 6 5 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal.......--....----- 38 | 38 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal ..............-..-.-..| 58 | 60 
Heightiof longest dorsal/spimesi. -.- 2. --osesaeeeeee ae oe 24) 3 
Height of longest: dorsaliravsss:s--- =. -sekeeeee seer Biya) 
Distance fromysnout tony Mineeee soe eee eee ae 60 | 57 
Heichtiof longest -analiraysie=ses---e- eee ae aoe eee 13: || 16 
hence tnoLcaudalipedunecles sa. sss eee eee eee 24) 24 
eng thi of caudal fing see. 2 2 sn eee eee eens 23°|| 25 
Bengthiof pectoral sins: < 22s sssn0 sence See neste oowse 22a) 22 
beneth Ofsventralstink ne see econ cee eee ee eee eee 16 16 
INtimberob Gorsalispinestee se mae eens ee ae eee 6 6 
Numberiot dorsal manyseemece cess cece ceases 4) 9 
Numiber ofcamalirayste=--= ce cscee eee cess 9 9 
Number of scales in lateral series ..............- Es 41 36 
Number of scales in tramsverse series .............----- bse 13 


12, CTENOGOBIUS SIMILIS (Gill). 


Rhinogobius similis Giiu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1859, p. 145, near Shimoda. 
Coll. J. Morrow, Comm. Perry Exp. 

Gobius similis JorpDAN and Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 372, Ishikawa 
Province, Japan; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1901, p. 759, Vokoheue 
Tsushima, Coll. P. L. Jouy. 

Gobius jokohann Gitnruer, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1877, p. 437, Yokohama. 

Head 3% in length; depth 5; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; 
eye 54; snout 24; maxillary 2; D. VI-9; A. 9; P.19; scales in longi- 
tudinal series 31, in ee ee series 11. 

Head and body of nearly the same depth throughout, the caudal 
peduncle slightly constricted. Head very broad; its width contained 
12 in its length; the muscles of the cheeks greatly developed, and 
bulged out far beyond the contour of the body. Eyes small, directed 
obliquely upward, projecting above the dorsal outline of head, making 
the interorbital space convex. Snout long, rather blunt. Jaws about 
equal, the upper slightly projecting. Maxillary entirely concealed by 
the fleshy lip and overhanging preorbital, extending to a vertical 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 57 


passing between anterior edge of orbit and pupil. Teeth in narrow 
bands on both jaws; those in outer row of upper jaw considerably 
enlarged; the outer ones of lower jaw enlarged, though somewhat 
smaller than the corresponding ones above. The area bearing teeth 
extends farther back on the lower than on the upper jaw. Gill open- 
ing not extending far forward, the width of the isthmus contained 
about 3 times in length of head. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 
a narrow ridge, but without papille. Gill-rakers on first arch 2+ 8; 
short; pointed; far apart. Anterior nostril with a short tube; the 
posterior with a narrow rim. Lower jaw without barbels. 

Head naked; the skin loose and somewhat wrinkled, with a number 
of elevated mucous pores nearly as large as the nostrils; 1 on each 
side, above and before the eyes; 1 on the posterior part of interorbital 
space; 2 behind each eye, and a row of 4, the uppermost of which is 
largest, along the posterior edge of preopercle. 

Seales large above, very small on belly; ctenoid growing smooth 
on anterior and on ventral parts. Nape with a naked space, the scales 
extending forward in 3 pointed areas, the median of which is short 
and narrow; the lateral areas wider, extending farther forward and 
bordering upper edge of opercle. 

Dorsal fins separate, their bases short. Spinous dorsal greatly ele- 
vated; the spines slender and filamentous at tips; the second longest, 
its height 3 in length; the third a little longer than the first; the last 
about a third as long as the second. Soft dorsal high, the posterior 
‘ays longest; when depressed, the tip of fin just reaches bases of first 
caudal rays. Anal not so high as dorsal; the last ray inserted directly 
below that of dorsal; the fin, when depressed, falling far short of base 
of caudal. Caudal rounded posteriorly. Pectorals almost reaching a 
vertical through vent. Ventrals short, free from body posteriorly. 

Color in alcohol, light brown; the tint not being uniform, but darker 
near the center of each scale; sides with four or five very indistinct 
large dark blotches. Fins a little darker than body, upper anterior 
edge of soft dorsal white; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal bordered with 
white, especially in the adult. 

This description is of a male specimen collected at Tsushima by P. L. 
Jouy. Many other male specimens are like the one described. Others 
are somewhat lighter in color. There is some variation in the length 
of the fin rays. 

Females have a shorter snout and smaller mouth; much lower and 
shorter fins, with the white borders narrow and indistinct. The 
females have 2 or 3 rows of small dark brown spots, 1 spot on each 
scale of upper part of body, and a very narrow lateral band of the 
same color, more distinct posteriorly, extending along the sides. 

Specimens collected in Ishikawa Province by Prof. K. Kishinouye 
are very light in color, with darker spots on the sides; the spots absent 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


in some individuals. The fins are dark, having small brown spots 
arranged in lines. The occiput has a few small brown spots. 

Several hundred specimens collected by us in Lake Biwa, at Matsu- 
bara, are light colored, with five or six large, dark, lateral spots. The 
dorsal, anal, and caudal fins have light borders. The white edgings of 
the dorsal are especially conspicuous in the larger specimens. 

Fresh waters of Japan, from above Tokyo southward, everywhere 
very common; excessively abundant in Lake Biwa. It is one of the 
smallest gobies, being mature at 2 to 4 inches. Our specimens are 
from Ishikawa-ken, Lake Biwa, Tsushima, Nagasaki, Kurume, Kaga, 
Kana R., Kawatana, and Lyo. 

(S/milis, similar to Ctenogobius pflaun?.) 


Measurements of Ctenogobius similis. 


enptihanimillimeters ences coseseeee eee 75 | 73) 69]|.70} 69] 66) 60} 60) 541] 60 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length | 18 | 17 | 21 20), 29.) 2001) 209), Si) Seats 
Depth of caudal peduncle ............-.-- 14} 13 ode) da |) ta a8 3] 13 | 13 
Beng thvoihea dhe tcas. see nae aas eee 30 || oll 3) 322, dl | 32] 28 28. |° 28 | 29 
Lenoth OF SNOUte see cance case eeeeeer DS Ye besa ga Co es Wl PSUS Sel bah a Raa We MAO ese iaLa Lats 
Width of interorbital space..............- 22 22 23} 2 2, 22 2, 2 2 |/4e2= 
Diameter/or Orbitiss) 52-35-55 24ee see 54 6 Ooo bi 56 6 7 6| 63] 6 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal ....| 42 | 41 | 44) 43 43 | 423) 40 39 | 40 | 42 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal ......-. 61 | 61} 62) 62) 613) 63) 62) 61) G61 | 62 
Height of longest dorsal spines......-.--- 23) || 295 270) 3308245) 22896 sro AS eG als 
Height of longest dorsal rays......-..-.--- 25 |) (200)! 2b) 24N 205) 200 alse Gals aaa aii 
Distance from snout to anal fin....-.-.... 65 | 64] 66] 66] 65) 66] 66] 66) 65] 65 
Height of longest anal rays............-..- 17 15 16 | Alb 5s) Losi Gn taal 
Length of caudal peduncle....-.......... 24 | 243) 24) 23] 24) 243) 25) 23] 24 | 24 
Mens thionedwd alatineses eee eee eee eee 265)|\ 263)" 2671, *26%)| 925) ||) S260) 224s Ses) eae eo 
Length ompectoralsnni poe sheen" esaee eee 2b} 28) 24. 246) 23) 230), 26" leno: eee eG 
henetholyenuraletimvestcs.- => -eseeee eee by |) alae 133) TS TOO aaa ble ela eal 
Number /of:dorsal spimes-....-..:--2.--.-- 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6. 6 
Num berof-dorsallmsivs!. =. sso eee ee ssaee ae 9] 10 9 9 9 9 9 i) 9}. 9 
Numberioteanalinaystescs: -sseseeaere ees 9 | 10 9 9) 9 9 9 9 9| 9 
Number of pectoral rays....-...........-- 19} 19} 19] 19] 19] 19] 20] 19} 19 |} 20 
Number of scales in lateral series.......-. 3 3 30 |) 31 29)| 29°) 28°) 32) | S1\933 
Number of scales in transverse series. .... 11 11 11 11 10°) DE) LOW) eat ON) SO 
Locality, Tsuschima. 


13. CTENOGOBIUS GYMNAUCHEN (Bleeker). 
Gobius gymnauchen BLEEKER, Act. Soe. Sci. Indo-Nederl., Japan, VI, p. 84, pl. 1, 
fig. 2, Tokyo.—Gitnrner, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 48 (after Bleeker). 
Acentrogobius gymnauchen JORDAN and SnypxErR, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 
372, Tokyo. 

Head 33 in length; depth 6; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; 
eye 44; snout 44; maxillary 34; D. VI-10; A. 10; P.,.16; scales in 
lateral series 26, in transverse series 7. 

Body elongate; head about as deep as body, somewhat broader; 
eyes rather large, high up, directed laterally or somewhat obliquely; 
interorbital space narrow, slightly convex. Snout rather sharp, its 
upper outline more oblique than that of C. pflaum?. Lower jaw 
slightly projecting. Mouth oblique. Maxillary concealed throughout, 
extending to a vertical through anterior edge of pupil. Teeth simple, 
in narrow bands on both jaws, outer row enlarged, the most posterior 
large tooth on each side of lower jaw strongly curved backward. Gill 
opening not extending far forward; isthmus broad, its width about 


' 


- 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 59 


equal to length of snout. No papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. 
Pseudobranchie large. Gill-rakers on first arch 3 + 9; slender. 

Head naked; no barbels; a triangular naked space extending back- 
ward from occiput to insertion of dorsal; body elsewhere covered with 
large, finely ctenoid scales. 

Dorsals separate; spines with filaments, the first and second very 
long and slender. Anal fin inserted below second dorsal ray, reaching 
posteriorly as far as the dorsal, both touching base of caudal.  Pec- 
torals and caudal rather pointed. Ventrals large, free posteriorly. 

Color in spirits, light olive; throat with a narrow, longitudinal dark 
spot; sides of head and upper parts of body with dark spots, those 
near middle of sides arranged in an indefinite undulating line.  Spi- 
nous dorsal with a wide, black edge; below this a broad band of pearly 


FIG. 6.—CTENOGOBIUS GYMNAUCHEN. 


white; basal half of fin with 3 rows of oval, dusky, or black spots; 
soft dorsal similarly colored. Caudal with small, dusky, oval spots on 
interradial membranes, except on lower parts of fin. Anal broadly 
edged with dusky. Pectorals dusky at base, the dark color fading 
out toward the edge. Ventrals streaked longitudinally with black. 
Described from a specimen from Enoshima. 

Some individuals are much lighter in color. They have a more or 
less conspicuous dark blotch at base of caudal, and occasionally a row 
of 4 or 5 poorly defined small spots along the sides. 

This small prettily colored goby is rather common in Japan, living 
chiefly in the estuaries about and under muddy rocks. Our numerous 
specimens are from Misaki, Wakanoura, Nagasaki, Tokyo Bay, T’su- 
ruga, and Enoshima. 

(yumros, naked; avynv, nape.) 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements of Clenogobius gymnauchen. 


(eeme-tla imal Gers a ere lapete lente ree email 57 50 46 52 | 43 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length..-..--. 14] 43s) 17 16 | 16 
Depth of caudal peduncle. ..--...----7.----=-5-- 9} 8 8 8 + 
Menpiarot Megdesseas ce: cee Hee eee aerate 26 263} 263} 27) 28 
ene Tho MOU hes acerca sere eee 7 6% 64 7 4 
Ihenethonim asa) any ener sesame ane eee eee + oF 9 93) 9 
5 WidthiorinterorbitalispacCess.s- seers =-- eee FY 4 i 1 PS 
Diametenok OLDits. cesses eee ee 63 64 re 7 if 
Distance from snout to spinous dor: 34 33 36 34 | 36 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal.........-.----- 53 | 54 54. 51 | 56 
Height of longest dorsal spinesa@....------------ BYpal) Al 23 33 | 14 
Height of longest dorsal rays. ......------------- 27 eed PIN 258 eal 
Distance from snout to anal fin .-.......-...-... 55 | 563} 54] 55] 57 
Height of longest anal rays ..--..--.-.....------ PW trea thes irl 23; 4 
Hengthiol caudal peduncle. .-=) sone. -2--s-eeeaee 19| 21 22 22 | 20 
ene tinotcsud alutine ss sees eee eee eae 28a eo 28 27| 26 
Meneth or pectoral fines eases scorer ee eee ABN 5) 22 | 24) 28 
LITMAN OM OMG Hoo So doessooogenesooHoaoodc Ayal yy = 45) 24; 25) 25 
NimiberofidorsallispimeSse.c: acetal inierat 6 | 6 6 | 6 6 
IN berOrdorsalllinsyS ses seer ee seer 10 | 10 10), LO) | ele 
INHOIM os) POM MWR YS socaasaseyconecaosooqcSHaees 105) £0 10 10 | 10 
Nimmber of pectoral raiys's ese sa seeele =o 16 16 16 ie) al 
Number of seales in lateral series ..........----- 23 24 26 pay. ee 27/ 
Number of scales in transverse series .......---- 6 6 6 6 7 


Locality, Tokyo. | 
= = | 
alIncluding filaments. 


14. CTENOGOBIUS HADROPTERUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 34 in length; depth 43; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; 
eye 4; snout 22; maxillary 22; D. VI-9; A. 9; P. 19; scales in lateral 
series 28; in transverse series 9. 

Body robust, a little deeper than wide. Snout long and sharp. Kye 
high in head, the upper margin projecting above contour of head, 


Fic. 7.—CTENOGOBIUS HADROPTERUS. 


directed obliquely, situated at a point halfway between tip of snout 
and posterior edge of opercle. Interorbital space narrow, concave. 
Nostrils minute, the anterior with a distinct tube. Mouth moderate, 
somewhat oblique. Jaws subequal, the lower slightly shorter; upper 
lip very wide; maxillary entirely concealed, not quite reaching a ver- 
tical through anterior edge of orbit. Tongue broad, the tip truncate. 
Teeth of jaws in 2 series, outer ones in a single row, small, canine- 
like, not firmly attached; second series in upper jaw very minute, in 
lower jaw a little smaller than the anterior ones; no large canines. Gill 
opening extending upward to edge of base of pectoral; width of isth- 
mus about equal to length of snout. No papille on inner edge of 
shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers small, 2 -+ 8 on firstarch. No barbels on 
lower jaw. 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 61 


Head, except occiput, naked; scales on occiput cycloid; those on 
body ctenoid, large and very regular; 5 lateral series on caudal peduncle; 
scales on breast anterior to the ventrals small, concealed in the thick 
epidermis. 

Dorsal fins well separated, short; height of longest dorsal spine about 
equal to postorbital part of head; depressed spines not reaching the rays; 
dorsal rays a little longer than the spines; anal inserted below base of 
second or third ray of soft dorsal; rays equal in height to those of dorsal; 
both fins when depressed extending an equal distance posteriorly, their 
tips separated from bases of caudal rays a distance equal to length of 
snout. Caudal rounded, almost truncate. Pectoral acutely rounded, 
extending to a vertical through vent; upper rays without filamentous 
appendages. Ventrals long, not reaching vent, free posteriorly. 

Color in spirits, pale olive gray; the sides with 6 conspicuous brown- 
ish black spots, the first and smallest at angle of opercle, the last at 
base of caudal; each spot, except the first and last, is connected with 
the one on the opposite side by 2 tolerably well-defined dark bands 
passing over the back; a narrow dusky band extending forward from 
eye parallel with dorsal outline of snout; cheek with wavy, oblique 
bars; occipital region with small, closely crowded blotches. Dorsal 
fins with dusky spots arranged in longitudinal rows; 3 rows on the 
first and 4 on the second fin, the outer row being very indistinct. 
Anal slightly tinged with dusky posteriorly. Caudal witha few very 
indistinct vertical wavy bands. Pectoral with a trace of dusky. Ven- 
trals dark, the color in lines parallel with the rays. 

Type No. 6449, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. Local- 
ity, Nagasaki, Hizen. 

Some of the cotypes are a little lighter in color. 

We also have specimens from Kurume, Tsuruga, and Kawatana. 

(Hadropterus, a genus of Etheostomine perch of similar habit; ad pos, 
strong; 77€por, fin.) 


Measurements of Ctenogobius hadropterus. 


Menge th im MAILiMeters’: 25 ssccce ceri dne ee 47 | 45 | 44| 46] 48 41 42 {1 AQ pce 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length.| 21} 22} 21] 21] 23] 21] 21} 20] 21 | 20 
Depth of caudal peduncle ...........-.-.. 11 12) 2 | 2 A! 1 oO 
MeN Sun OMNCAM ites nossa se wees caee tees 30 30 28 30 30 30 30 30 29 | 30 
BenepmovsnOwlcs. aia =.cce se eeiee see alsiesie 2 123) 12 11 12 12 11 11 10 | 10 
Width of interorbital space........-...... 2 24 22 2 2 2 2 2 Zi) -2 
rameter OLOLDIb =-2- 52 =~ 6s ose ee ec 7 7 7 74 qi 7h 63} 72 7) 7 
Distance from snout tospinous dorsal..... 40 40 | 40; 40]; 40} 41] 40] 39 10 | 40 
Distance from snout to sott dorsal 60 | 60] 60} 60] 60] 60] 59] 591] 60} 60 
Height of longest dorsal spines. -.----.- 15 153) A SLs Loy Lo TB as Gi) 15 
Heightof longest dorsal rays......-- LO Lee selG seal oui eel) etd 1G) a8) |) oye 
Distance from snout to anal fin.....-..... 60 | 61 60 |} 603) 59] 60] 60} 60] 61 | 60 
Height of longest anal rays............... 14 14 14 15 14 THz 5) 15) 16 | 13 
Length of caudal peduncle............... 269/26" | 22) 27a lead | etal Qh L227 128 
Wencth or Caudal fimk- 2-6 ..22222 = 2.2.20. POE S200) QT OB w ee 28a QS8ale 23) | s2i 23 | 24 
Wenciuh of pectoraliiine {2s < 5.52.62. sss<es QE 2B i 260 *.268 254), 254). 260) 240) 2b | 27 
Meneth.or ven tralstin: -2< 3.5. 23-2 seace oe 20) LO DIS Da 20) 22) ) 720) | 21 | 23) |) 21 
Number of dorsal’spines:........:.-=----. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6| 6 
Number OGdorsal rays. 2-52... ee see eae 9 9 8 a 9 9 9 9 9) 8 
Nim Dberoranal rays: .s0-% ose seers cts 9 9 9 8 9 8 9 9 8| 9 
Number of pectoral rays...............-.. LOE ON AGS 9 9) |) 298 19) | 20) | 19! | 19 
Number of scales in lateral series......... D2Oulpe2or Pe 2or|l mee) ez |) 2oule 2a: | 1289) 28: | 28 
Number of scales in transverse series. ..-.. 9 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 Se es) 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


15. CTENOGOBIUS CAMPBELLI Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 4 in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; 
eye 32; snout 33; maxillary 23; D. VI-11; A. 10; P. 18; scales in 
lateral series 26, in traverse series 9. 

Body thickset; cylindrical anteriorly; the caudal peduncle deep. 
Snout short; blunt. Eye very large; the upper margin projecting 
slightly above dorsal contour of head; directed obliquely upward. 
Interorbital space narrow; concave. Mouth somewhat oblique. Max- 
illary entirely concealed; extending to a vertical through pupil. Lips 
narrow. ‘Teeth simple; in narrow bands on both jaws; outer ones 
somewhat enlarged; no canines. ‘Tongue narrow; truncate anteriorly. 
Gill openings not extending far forward; isthmus broad; its width 
equal to distance between tip of snout and middle of pupil. Inner 
edge of shoulder girdle with a sharp ridge but no papille. Gill-rakers 
long and rather slender. Anterior nostril with a conspicuous tube. 
No barbels on lower jaw. 


Fic. 8.—CTENOGOBIUS CAMPBELLI. 


Head naked, except on occiput. Body with large ctenoid scales; 
those on nape and occiput cycloid; smaller than those of body; those 
on breast anterior to ventrals and on region before pectorals cycloid. 

Dorsals separate; spines when depressed not reaching insertion of 
soft dorsal. Anal inserted below base of second or third dorsal ray; 
reaching as far posteriorly when depressed as the dorsal; neither touch- 
ing base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Pectoral pointed; its upper 
edge without free filaments. Ventrals free posteriorly, their tips 
reaching anal opening. 

Body with small, round, dark spots; 5 or 6 very indefinite, narrow, 
dark, longitudinal bands. Head with small dark spots; those on 
nape arranged in longitudinal rows; a sharply defined, narrow, dark 
band running backward from eye; opercle with 2 small brown rings. 
Dorsal spines and rays with small, oblong, dark spots; caudal with 
small, dark spots on upper two-thirds; not evident on the lower part. 
Anal narrowly edged with white; suffused with dusky below the white, 


—— 


no.1244. GOBIOID. FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 63 


growing fighter toward the base. Pectorals AG Peano Ratuced 
a oes a spot about as large as pupil on upper part of base of 
the former. 

This species is probably closely related to C. wirgatulus or to C. 


_pftaumde. It more closely resembles the former, but may be easily 
P : ] 


distinguished from it by its much less oblique mouth and by having 
larger scales on the nape. In C. wirgatulus the scales of the nape are 
minute when compared with those of the body, while on the species in 
hand they are at least one-half as wide as those of the body. 

The species is at present known from a single specimen 81 milli- 
meters long, from Wakanoura, Kii, Japan. Type No. 6450, Leland 
Stanford Junior University Museum. 

Measurements.—Length, tip of snout to base of caudal, 65 milli- 
meters; depth, expressed in hundredths of length, 18; depth of caudal 
peduncle, 113; length of head, 255; length of snout, 63; width of 
interorbital oe 1; diameter of orbit, 7; distance from snout to 
spinous dorsal, distance fron snout to soft dorsal, 54; height of 
longest dorsal Bae 153, of longest dorsal rays 153; distance from 
snout to anal fin, 56; height of longest anal rays, 15; length of caudal 
peduncle 25, of caudal fin 25, of pectoral fin 26, of ventral fins 22. 

This species is named for Dr. Douglas Houghton Campbell, pro- 
fessor of botany in Leland Stanford Junior University, in recogni- 


tion of his interest in the flora of Japan and in all things Japanese. 


16. CTENOGOBIUS VIRGATULUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 4 in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 10; eye 34 
in head; snout 34; maxillary 3; D. VI-11; A. 11; P. 16; scales in lateral 
series 26, in transverse series 9. 

Body elongate, the dorsal and ventral contours sloping gradually 
from occiput posteriorly; caudal peduncle compressed, narrowest near 
the middle, widening somewhat toward base of -audal; head large, 
deeper and broader than body. Snout blunt. Eyes prominent, though 
smaller than those of C. pflaumi,; directed obliquely, the upper edges 
projecting above dorsal contour of head; interorbital area very nar- 
row. Mouth oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting. Maxillary 
entirely concealed, extending posteriorly to anterior edge of orbit. 
Tongue broad at tip, with a shallow notch. Teeth of jaws in narrow 
bands, simple, the outer ones enlarged; those near middle on upper 
jaw largest; a pair of short, strong canines on each side of lower jaw, 
the posterior one being larger, strongly curved backward. Gill open- 
ings not extending far fory ard; the isthmus broad; inner edge of 
shoulder girdle without papille. Pseudobranchie consisting of 6 
large projecting tufts. Gill-rakers on first arch about 3-+ 8; those of 
upper limb represented by minute elevations; those of the lower limb 
rather long and slender. No barbels on chin. 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. rene 


Head, except a small occipital area, naked; a large pore above and 
between the nostrils; 2 similar pores on interorbital area; a row of 3 
running backward from the eye; sides of head with rows of minute 
pores. Body covered with large, weakly ctenoid scales, the rough 
edges of which are hidden by epidermis; scales on nape and occipital 
area very small. 

Dorsal fins separate; spines slender, the first 5 evenly spaced; the 
interval between fifth and sixth twice that between two of the others; 
spinous dorsal, when depressed, reaching past insertion of soft dorsal. 
Anal inserted below second or third dorsal ray, the fin extending 
slightly farther posteriorly than the dorsal, neither reaching base of 
raudal. Caudalacutely rounded. Pectoral without filaments on upper 
edge. Ventrals free posteriorly, extending as far backward as do the 
pectorals. 

Color in spirits much darker above than below, the sides with 5 nar- 
row, dark, longitudinal streaks; a median row of indistinct, large, 
dark spots, the one at base of candal being most prominent; cheeks 


Fic. 9.—CTENOGOBIUS VIRGATULUS. 


with 1 or 2 dark lines; opercle with a large dark blotch; scales of 
breast each with a subdued dusky spot. Spinous dorsal dusky, with 
a narrow longitudinal band, the posterior part widened, forming a 
distinct oval spot; soft dorsal dusky, each ray with 3 indistinct spots; 
audal rays with small, dusky spots arranged in vertical rows; spots 
on lower fourth of fin very indistinct or absent; ventrals and anal 
dusky; pectoral dusky, with an elongate dark spot at upper part of 
base and a narrow dark dash on the lower edge. 

Type.—No. 6451, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. Lo- 
ality, Misaki, Sagami, Japan. 

Many specimens from Misaki are lighter in color than the type, a 
highly colored male; on the lighter one the bands and spots are much 
more distinct. 

Individuals from Nagasaki have the color pattern in every detail, 
as described above, although it is much lighter and less distinct. 

The species is closely related to C. pflaumi. It may be distinguished 
by its smaller eyes and by the absence of a long, dark blotch on chin 
and throat, 


ms i ‘ 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 65 


This species is found with C boalegow us na. and equally common, 
in the bays and inlets of southern Japan. We have specimens from 
Misaki, Wakanoura, Nagasaki, Tokyo Bay, Matsushima, Onomichi, and 
from Semida R., near Tokyo. 

( Virgatulus, finely streaked.) 


Measurements of Ctenogobius virgatulus. 


] | 
| Misaki, Sagami. Nagasaki, Hizen, | 
| Bensthiamimullim eters 2 4.5 sscccin ds oh caso. ese Nee 65 65 60 522) 58 50 | 50 

Depth expressed in hundredths of length....-..--. 17 17 18 17 18 20} 18 

Pai Ocpib ovenudal peduncle ys. 222.5 -sa ee ences sete <3 ee al0 LOD) SLO 10 12 11} 10 

LL ZV REST H aT (aye a VESEY 6 Nemes ae Ste ie ea A ie a eee 25 252 263; 27 25 25 24 
Mencia issmoul eee ON Na chee es i lea aisles ahve 6| 6 
Menp intially o sacscios. ee ete cnet 9 10 9 9/ 931 10 9 
Width of interorbital SPaCenee es =< See Coke hence Gee | : 3| 3 3 2 B i 
DFITTELE TO MOLD bases] seco ones oho eeee aeons 7 62) 62 7a 62 7 62 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsaloas = ee eee! BD) leds” coo 30°} 33 35 30 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal. ...........--..-. 54 53 52 Das tenn toe ecrleea sels 
Height of longest dorsal spines .............--.....| 15 3 | 8 Cy eee le eeeree | sane we 
Height Ordlonmzest dorsal TAYS..to 2225. cet bees Seco 5 )  (ales3 15 | 7 AR A Soe Voy re |e eee 
Distance from snout to anal fin ....-......-.....--. le 259 59} 5d 57 55 57 | 58 
Heichtoflongest anal rays 5.22 2.2 s..0c- cess 14 20 17 Bw ee Salses sel ebeeee 
Length of caudal peduncle .......-........-...2-.- 20 20 19 5g pe ee (a 
Length of caudal fin.........--. U0, teeth t up amepad 22 O3i\) 25 BD || a5) 26.| 24 
LDrevagea lay roy Gy aXc1 ey 0).¢2 OU 0 ele wee nae 22 Ws) 21 21s OF 25 | 24 | 
IUTesae sid ayo} AS 0119 21) Eb) ene nS 22 21 22 21) 223) 22.) 202.) 
Number of dorsal spines 6 6 6 6 6 G7 76 


Number of dorsal rays a 
Number of anal ravsa...- 
Number of pectoral rays -. 


— 
oe 
roy 
a 
i 
H 
e 

co et 
— 
— 
pt 
fot 
eH 


| Number of scales in lateral series.................- 26° Pay) 26 26 D6. | RT 
Number of scales in transverse series .......--..... 9 9 9 9 8 9 8 


a The last dorsal and anal rays are cleft to the base. 


17. CTENOGOBIUS PFLAUMI (Bleeker). 
Gobius pflaumi BueeKer, Verh. Bat. Gen., X XV, Japan, p. 42, figs. 3, 18, Nagasaki. 
Acentrogobius pflawmi JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 372, 
near Tokyo. Coll. Kishinouye. 

Head 4 in length; mem 43; depth of caudal peduncle 11; eye 34 in 
head; length of snout 33; maxillary 23; D. VI-11; A. 11; P. 17; scales 
in lateral series 26, in transverse series 9. 

Body elongate, the dorsal and ventral contours sloping gradually 
from occiput to caudal peduncle; caudal peduncle narrowest near the 
middle, widening somewhat toward base of caudal. Head about as 
deep and broad as body. Snout rather blunt, the lower jaw slightly 
projecting. Eyes very large, directed obliquely upward, the upper 
edges of orbit projecting slightly above contour of head; interorbital 
space narrow; concave. Mouth oblique. Maxillary entirely con- 
cealed, extending posteriorly to a vertical through anterior edge of 
orbit. Tongue broad at tip; truncate. Teeth of jaws in narrow 
bands; simple; the outer ones enlarged; a pair of short, strong canines 
on each side of lower jaw, the posterior one being larger and curved 
backward. Gill openings not extending far forward; the isthmus 
broad. Gill-rakers 2+ 8; those of the upper arch much reduced; the 
lower ones slender. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without papille. 
No barbels on chin. 


Proe. N. M. vol. xxiv 


66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. xxrv. 


Head, except occipital area, naked. A large pore above and between | 
the nostrils; 2 similar pores on interorbital area; a row of 3 running 
backward from the eye; sides of head with rows of minute pores. 
Body covered with large weakly ctenoid scales; those of nape and 
occipital area very small. 

Dorsal fins separate; spines slender, the first 5 evenly spaced; the 
interval between fifth and sixth about double that between 2 of the 
others; spines when depressed reaching beyond insertion of soft dor- 
sal. Anal inserted below second or third dorsal ray, the fin, when 
depressed, extending slightly further posteriorly than the dorsal, both 
falling short of base of caudal. Caudal acutely rounded. Upper edge 
of pectoral without free filaments. Ventrals free posteriorly, extend- 
ing about as far backward as the pectorals. 

Body olivaceous, with dark markings; head blue in life. 

Seales on upper parts, with dusky margins; sides with 2 or 3 faintly 
outlined dark stripes; a median row of 4 or 5 indistinct dusky spots; 
a distinct, round, black spot about as large as eye at base of caudal; 
a small dark spot on lower part of opercle; branchiostegal region of 
throat dusky. Fins dusky, but without conspicuous markings. 

Southern Japan, generally common in the bays and inlets, in salt 
water; here described from specimens collected at Tsuruga, Echizen. 
Others are in the collection from Yokohama, Wakanoura, Aomori, 
Matsushima, Onomichi, Kobe, Owari Bay, and from Kawatana. 

This species very closely resembles Ctenogobius virgatulus. It ditfers 
in having much larger eyes, an oblong black blotch on branchiostegal 
region, and in having the general color of body much lighter. 


Measurements of Ctenogobius pflaumi. 


Tsuruga, Echizen. Nagasaki, Hizen. 
hengtheinsmilimetersse-eee-seee trees eae 56 54 S|) aS || BB 47 | 55 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length..........-.- rhe) 19 Zell hills aly Gye mols 
Depth ohecaudalipedimGlese = eee eee a eee 9 10 10; 10 10 11-| 9 
Menge th Of Cad 2sss.4: see eek eee ce eee ee eee 26 253) 25 26 27 Payoh 1223) 
Men sthiOl snOUWt . esas sce sabre eee ee eee 7 6 6 7 7 6 64 
eM St nrOn mma aire yes cee raese eee ae ee ee 10 | ifn 10 10} 10 92 10 
Witdlthior interorbitallispacesos.- S2- sane eee Pa 4 t 2} 4 a ra 
DigGIM Ete MOLOLDibeem anon ce Soe oe ee 8 | 78 8 82) 8 8 | (é 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal.......-- soothe 35: || 34 35 34) 33 33 | 34 
Distance from! snout tosotb dorsal: - 32-4222. sees eee 5b | «(52 BIA | taal 51 2 | od3 
Heim omloneest dorsal spimeg 95s .e) secseseee oa 16 14 alae es aaa) © SI 14| 14 
Height of longest dorsal rays...-... 1202222002210. 14 19 alee zh ly e8s) 16] 14 
Distance from snout to anal fin ....... Ste 3 SAM TR ee 60 56 562 58 57 55 56 
Heiphtorlongest analarayaiee ceo sae oe eee eae 142) 182)" 18 17 \ Se Oh eel er 
LenS th Oncaidalspeduncle 2215-22542 s eee eee ee 20 19 19 20 22 20 aun 
Wee iakoi Cad a) lenis S26 ee eos Se eS se ee ae 26 27 29 30: 22 32 29 
Menethvot pe choral se. cee As eoep eee ee ee 25 |. 24 26 24 24 25 25 
MEM thyOL Vem (nal MMs <x cr.cia eie meee seen cieoeeeeee 20 19 22 22 19 22 22 
Nim DeronedorsalispiaeSe-.-\4-4-A5see8 se eso ee ee eee 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 
NIN Des OL OTSE Ta .-- sacleisi, sieiceebine see meine xe 11 ity Ea saree LL Tit f ental nila ee att 
Number of anal raysa@ ......-..-.. Hos sent bet 10 11 11 1] 11 11 11 
Numberiotpecroralimaysise amo-.caeseice one ce Doaceee eee 16 17 16 17 17 aig /ialigee— iil'Z/ 
Numiberonscalessin laterall/sermesis- ee -caesi coe eee 25} 25 25 26 | 26 25 26 
Number of scales in transverse series .-..--.-...5--5- 8 | 9 9 8 | 8 8 | ) 

| 


a The last dorsal and anal rays are cleft to the base. 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 67 


11. ABOMA Jordan and Starks. 


Aboma JorpAN and Srarks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1895, p. 497 (etheostoma). 

This genus is very closely allied to Cfenogobius, ditfering chiefly in 
the presence of 7 or 8 dorsal spines; head naked, rounded in profile, 
narrow and not depressed between eyes; mouth moderate, not very 
oblique, the chin usually not prominent; outer teeth somewhat 
enlarged; tongue not notched. Scales usually large, ctenoid, some- 
times rather small. Dorsals and anal short; no flaps on shoulder 
girdle; no silk-like rays on pectoral. 

Species numerous, small in size and mottled in coloration, mostly 
Japanese, three of them from the west coast of Mexico. 

(Aboma, Spanish name of the small gobies in Mexico.) 

a. Seales large, 30 to 45 in longitudinal, 9 to 12 in transverse series; breast naked. 

b. Ventral fins dusky, with a bright yellow, broad median stripe; depth 4% in 
length; scales 36-10; coloration rather bright; caudal with zigzag bands 
ADOC ALTE CL © Witenes wenn eee athe ae wes Sate ene ee lactipes. 18 

bb. Ventral fins plain; coloration rather obscure; caudal spotted above, plain 
below. 

c. Seales large, 9 in transverse series; depth 5% in length; a faint caudal spot. 

tsushimee. 19 


cc. Seales smaller, 12 in transverse series; no caudal spot; first dorsal with a 


blackicnotwithewibite before dite se. 2 352 ee as oe: | heptacantha. 20 

aa. Seales small, 15 to 20 in transverse series (probably 60 to 70 in longitudinal 
series). . 

d. Seales in cross series 15; anal rays 10 or 11; caudal translucent, with fine 

HORE Se, PE che As Soh sR ee eee ESE es ie ee breunigi. 21 

dd. Seales in cross series 20; anal rays 12 or 13; caudal with a median cross 

Dan dialliwansEpnese mite = seenpee set oe 5 Acre A tere te urotenia. 22 


18. ABOMA LACTIPES (Hilgendorf). 


Gobius lactipes H1LtGENvDorF, Sitzber. Naturf. Freunde, 1878, p. 109, Tokyo; No. 
10650, Mus. Berlin. 

Aboma lactipes JonpAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 372, Tokyo, 
Tonegawa. 

‘Head 3% in length; depth 4%; depth of caudal peduncle 10; eye 54 
im head; snout 22; maxillary 24; D. VIII-11; A. 11; P. 18; scales in 
lateral series 36, in transverse series 10. 

Body cylindrical anteriorly, sloping gradually to the rather deep 
caudal peduncle. Head large; snout long; blunt. Hyes small; situ- 
ated high up: nearer to tip of snout than to posterior edge of opercle 
a distance equal to one-half the diameter; directed almost laterally. 
Mouth almost horizontal; jaws equal; upper lip wide; maxillary con- 
cealed except at distal end; reaching a vertical passing midway between 
anterior edge of orbit and pupil. Teeth simple; in a narrow band on 
each jaw; outer ones but little enlarged. Tongue rather broad: its 
anterior edge truncate or slightly rounded. Gill openings restricted 
to the sides; width of isthmus a little less than length of snout. Inner 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


edge of shoulder girdle with a low, narrow, sharp ridge, but no 
papille. Gill-rakers 1 + 7; short; flat. Anterior nostrils with low 
tubes. No barbels on lower jaw. 

Head naked. Body with large, finely ctenoid scales; those on sides 
of nape small; middle of nape, breast anterior to ventrals and region 
before pectorals naked. 

Dorsals separate; spines and rays of about equal height; the spinous 
dorsal when depressed reaching insertion of soft dorsal. Anal inserted 
below base of second dorsal ray; the rays a little shorter than those of 
dorsal; when depressed, reaching almost as far posteriorly as do those 
of dorsal; neither reaching bases of caudal rays. Caudal rounded. 
Pectorals rather pointed; the upper border without free filaments. 
Ventrals very large, extending to anal opening: free posteriorly. 

In spirits the upper part of the body suffused with dusky; sides 
with 9 rather definite, dark vertical bands, extending from a little 


Fic. 10.—ABOMA LACTIPES. 


helow the middle of body upward; darker near their lower edges. 
Head dark; a narrow blackish line running from eye to tip of maxil- 
lary; under parts without dusky, except on throat and chin. Spinous 
dorsal edged with white; interradial membranes dusky; jet black on 
upper posterior part of fin; soft dorsal with small, oblong, dark spots 
arranged in rows. Upper two-thirds of caudal with vertical, zigzag 
bands; the lower third dusky; without bands. Anal dark; narrowly 
bordered with white; pectoral dusky. Ventral with a white, median 
area broadly bordered with black. 

Color in life, lemon yellow; middle area of ventrals bright yellow, 
slightly tinged with orange; spinous dorsal edged with orange; anal 
with a narrow marginal band of dead white. 

The above description is of a specimen from the bay at Tsuruga. 
Other individuals from the same locality are like it except in color. 
In some the lateral bands are very indistinct, the sides being covered 
with small dusky spots. Others are much lighter, the general color- 


oe 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 69 


pattern being presery ved howev er. A large male specimen has a 


series of narrow, bright, transverse lateral bands on the sides. The 
soft dorsal is distinctly edged with white. Occasionally in males the 

anterior spines of the first dorsal have very long filaments extending 
above the margin of the fin. 

The species is generally common in n the bays of Hondo. Our many 
specimens are from Matsushima, Aomori, Tokyo, Tsuruga, Enoshima, 
and the Tone River, near Tokyo. 

(Lac, lactis, milk: pes, foot.) 


Measurements of Aboma lactipes. 


SMS eM NE FEES 2c tease sito oe sa eee eitas Noe ee ee oece ss 72 72 66 56 | “48 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length .............-..-..---. ia 22 22 223) 21 21 
Depihlorenudeal peduncle: 2142225 8s. sosace access Pes aoe ee elses 1 103 10 gi 10} 10 
iLyeanvec ilo) Contd aVeY: KG [earn aoe ae ee eS a a pe eee Se ee ee ane core i SBA 27 26 O72! © 28 
AAMC COMSO OMe ogee ce ei See eens So eae ee eR Ske ae ll 10 10 10 AUS ati 
Wadthrorunterorbital SpaGGss. 5.222 tesa cate ee een ag seeens 2 23 2 2 2 
DIATHECEM OMOLDIGesce a ae Ce eset ee eee cme setae samen oe 52 52 5 5 6 
Mistarncelinomisnout tospinous dorsal .- 3322 < meee sce te-e- = 34 3+ 34 35 | 36 
DishimceurOnisnoOuULto Slo Gdorsale .. se cesec 2s one ses 2 oe ols oe oe 56 55 5d Bay) byl 
HeioiiGomoneest Gorsalispime: 2.2. Ses. ongas- Saiinien- ane sei i) 6 15 15 Tay | al} 
Height of longest dorsal rays .....-. aise ob EM A ce a eR eal 15}. 16 153! 16 
DISTANCE LOMSN Olt coy aMel fn 5s meee ese eeee tae ae see e oe | 56 57 60 5S | 59 
Heche oflongest anal rays... 2.2.2 esse Lee eee aero 15} 14 13 14] 16 
hen eth Omen aly pedum cles 250 eter yee ase as caowe lam Socecs eaoD), eo 22 DIF 23 
earn cite sae Gen Vela ope ee eee me eee te See sent ee Se 24 24 25 WAN) 5) 
MENS TDLOn PCClLOTA leis ase anes see sea cease ene essa ahs oe 22 23 23 24) 25 
FESO ONOMVeNUNe fim = rn kas 5. Seca Seccemncereteee mamas ade oeee 24 25 22 2ie|| 25 
NIM DAM Oia OTSHIIS DIMES ose Ne Nec on te yee nme Alas 8 8 8 8 8 
Mina IRO Ue COLSHIUOT NYG of oe oe os Saat’ ance ee eee oa so Seldwe asim Heyy ee 12 11 12) 11 
NATHAN Ol4sl AUT DYS Hoc ces oom eee ome eee sss te aac eee ee 11 11 10 11 11 
PNUD eEr OMPCCLOTAl TA YS 02 -\-[ise oi cos wee de |S oe eee ae ee 18 18 18 18 | .18 
Pumiber of scalesim lateral series:..<.. 2. 22sec: ond 0 oo. donee 8a 37 30 BON OD 
| Number of scales in transverse series . 2. 2..-.22.-2522222e000--5- | 10 10 9 Oa 9 
Locality, Tsuruga, | 
| | 


19. ABOMA TSUSHIM£Z Jordan and Snyder. 


Aboma tsushine JorDAN and Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XITI, 1901, p. 759, 
Sasuna, Tsushima, Japan. 

Head 33 in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 2% in head; 
eye 4; snout 33; maxillary 23; D. VIII-12; A. 11; P. 17; scales in 
lateral series 33, in transverse series 9. 

Body not notably elongate; gradually diminishing in size from the 
region of pectoral fins backward. Head as wide as body, but less deep. 
Snout very blunt; rounded when viewed from above; truncate when 
seen from the side. 

Eves high in head; directed obliquely upward; interorbital space 
very narrow. Jaws subequal, the lower slightly included. Mouth 
‘ather small; the cleft somewhat oblique. Lips large. Maxillary, 
except the tip of the distal end, concealed; extending to a vertical 
through anterior edge of orbit. Space between orbit and maxillary 
about equal to longitudinal diameter of eye. Tongue broad; rounded 
anteriorly; its free edge narrow. Teeth simple; in narrow bands on 
jaws; outer ones largest, slender, sharp, slightly curved; the ones on 
sides of lower jaw enlarged, though not notably so, there being no 
strong canines. Gill opening not extending far forward; the width of 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


isthmus about equal to length of maxillary. Inner edge of shoulder 
girdle projecting as a sharp ridge, without papille or other dermal 
modifications. Gill-rakers on first arch, 2+ 7 or 8; short and pointed. 
Anterior nostril with a high rim. No barbels on jaw. 

_ Head naked. Body with large, finely ctenoid scales; the region 
immediately anterior to pectorals, the breast in front of ventrals, and 
a narrow space extending backward nearly to vent naked. 

Dorsal fins separate from each other and from the caudal; second 
spine highest; the others successively shorter; when depressed, just 
reached origin of soft dorsal. Dorsal rays, when depressed, falling 
far short of base of caudal. Anal inserted directly below base of third 
dorsal ray; the rays somewhat longer posteriorly, when depressed 
extending as far back as the dorsal. Pectorals pointed; their tips 
reaching a vertical through insertion of soft dorsal; the upper rays 
not peculiar. Ventrals long; not extending so far posteriorly as 
pectorals; free from body except at base. 


Fig. 11.—ABOMA TSUSHIM®. 


Color in alcohol light-brownish, everywhere with small, indistinct 
darker spots and reticulations; sides with 6 or 7 poorly defined lateral 
spots, the last and most conspicuous one at base of caudal fin. 
Dorsals with markings of light brown, arranged in longitudinal rows 
on the membranes; similar marks assembled in wavy lines on the rays 
of upper three-fourths of caudal; the lower part of fin without spots. 
Other fins somewhat dusky. 

Specimens smaller than the type have the dark marking a little more 
distinct. 

Known only from specimens collected at Sasuna, on the island of 
Tsushima, Japan, by P. L. Jouy. 

20. ABOMA HEPTACANTHA (Hilgendorf). 
Gobius heptacanthus HitGENDoRE, Sitzber. Natur. Freunde, 1878, p. 110, Tokyo; No. 
10656, Mus. Berlin. 

Head 44 (with caudal); depth 63; D. VII-12; A. 12; scales in 12 
rows between dorsal and anal. Eye equal to snout and to interorbital 
width, 4 in head. Profile of head nearly straight; lower jaw project- 
ing; mouth large, the maxillary reaching posterior border of eye; 


. 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. TH 


teeth in several rows, the outer larger; scales of body ectenoid, each 
with about 10 little teeth; a pair of large pores in posterior part of 
interorbital space; pectoral without silky rays. 

Color clear violet brown with darker net-like marbling; throat dark 
brown: first dorsal with a black spot with white below it, and a brown 
band forward and downward; second dorsal with about 5 oblique bands; 
anal with dark margin especially behind; pectoral colorless; ventral 
and caudal dusky with fine points; no spot on base of caudal. 

Bay of Tokyo. (Hilgendorf.) Not seen by us. 

(exta, seven; akavda, spine.) 


21. ABOMA BREUNIGI (Steindachner). 
Gohius breunigi STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., VIII, 1879, p. 22, Hakodate. 

Head 4; depth 52 (with caudal); eye 4$ in head; snout44; D. VII-I, 
di: A. 10 or 11; P.-20 or 21; scales 60 to 62-15; snout 44 in head. 

Body slender, compressed; scales .ctenoid; head naked; jaws sub- 
equal; maxillary reaching to opposite front of eye; teeth small, those 
of the outer row longest. Dorsal spines low, slender, the fourth about 
2 in head, not so high as body, a little lower than soft dorsal. Caudal 
a little shorter than head. Pectorals shorter than head, without silky 
rays; as long as ventrals. Reddish brown above, pale below, a dark 
stripe from eye to side of snout; dark brown close set spots forming 
narrow zigzag streaks on upper part of head and body; often a small 
dark spot at base of pectoral above; behind this dark cross streaks; 
both dorsals and caudal translucent with dark spots and fine dots. 

Length 60 mm. Hakodate; not found by us. (Steindachner.) 

Named for Dr. Ferdinand Breunig, professor of natural history in 
the Imperial Gymaasium at Schotter. 


22. ABOMA UROTZENIA (Hilgendorf). 


Gobius urotenia HILGENDoRFE, Sitzber. Nat. Freunde, Berlin, 1878, p. 108, Tokyo; 
No. 10644, Mus. Berlin. 


Head 33; depth 54; D. VI or VII-12 or 138; A. 12 or 18; scales 
20 in cross series. Eye 43 in head, scarcely less than snout; depth of 
head 2 in head, breadth 23; interorbital width equal to vertical diameter 
of eye: lower jaw projecting; teeth in several rows, the outer larger; 
rays of dorsal not produced; profile of head very weakly convex; head 
scaleless; scales of body ctenoid, eack with 7 to 9 teeth on the edge. 

Color clear brown, with irregular darker spots, those along lateral 
line mostly rhombic, a distinct spot at base of caudal; a horizontal 
streak before eye; a dark streak along caudal peduncle above and 
below; caudal with a well-marked median cross band constantly 
present; a fainter band near the edge. Spinous dorsal with one, anal 
with two, distinct bands. 

Bay of Tokyo; known from small examples about 37 mm. in length. 
(Hilgendorf.) Not seen by us. 

(ovpa, tail; tarvia, ribbon.) 


"2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


12) CRY TOCENER Ws Ebrenipere: 
Cryptocentrus (Ehrenberg Ms.) Burexer, Arch. Néerl., LX, 1874, p. 322 (erypto- 
centrus ). 
Paragobius Bureker, fide BLEEKmurR, Arch. Néerl., [X, 1874, p. 322. 

Body moderately elongate, covered with minute cycloid scales. 
Head compressed, narrow above and convex in profile, the eyes close 
together. Mouth large, oblique, the thick chin prominent; tongue 
narrow, not notched; teeth rather strong; no barbels; lower jaw not 
moving readily, so that the mouth is not easily opened wide; head 
naked. Dorsals short, the first of six spines, which are sometimes 
produced in filaments in the male; caudal pointed; ventrals rather 
long; pectorals without silky rays; no filaments on the shoulder gir- 
dle; isthmus very narrow; the gill membranes somewhat continued 
forward below. 

Species brightly colored; rather numerous in the seas of the East 
Indies. The Japanese species differs from the type in the elevation 
of the dorsal spines. 

(ckpumtos, hidden; KévTpor, spine, froma concealed projection on 
the preopercle in C. cryptocentrus.) 


23. CRYPTOCENTRUS FILIFER (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


Gobius filifer Cuvipr and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, 1837, p. 106. 
(‘‘ Mer des Indes.”’ ) 

Gobius knutteh BurpKer, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., III, Japan, p. 16, pl. 1, 
fig. 2, Nagasaki.—Gtntuemr, Cat. Fish., III, p. 73, Hongkong. 


Head 3? in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; 
eye 5; snout 44; maxillary 13; D. VI-11; A. 10; P. 18; scales in 
lateral series about 95, in transverse series about 35. 

Body deepest at insertion of spinous dorsal, from where it grows 
gradually smaller to the caudal peduncle. Head large; snout about 
equal to diameter of eye; blunt, rounded. Eyes small; not directed 
upward; interorbital space narrow; convex. Mouth large, oblique; 
jaws equal; lips thick; no barbels; maxillary entirely concealed; 
extending posteriorly far beyond eye toa point midway between tip 
of snout and posterior border of opercle. Teeth of jaws in broad 
bands; the outer row much enlarged and canine-like; curved back- 
ward; a large canine on each side of lower jaw; pharyngeal teeth 
bristle-like. Gill opening extending far forward below; the isthmus 
narrow, extending upward slightly above base of pectoral. Gill- 
rakers short, slender; 11 on lower limb of first arch; represented on 
upper limb of arch by 3 small papille. Inner edge of shoulder girdle 
without papille. Head naked; skin on interorbital atea, snout, and 
suborbital loose, wrinkled and folded; body behind nape with minute 
cycloid scales, deeply embedded anteriorly, where their position is 


No. 1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. ie 


indicated by shallow pits: larger and more evident posteriorly. Lat- 
eral line represented by a series of 15 or more vertical rows of minute 
pores, the rows separated by a space about equal to the diameter of 
eye. : 

Dorsals well separated: the spines, except the last, long and_fila- 
mentous; when depressed reaching almost to base of last ray; soft 
dorsal low; posterior rays longest, their height about equal to depth 
of body. Anal inserted below third or fourth dorsal spine, the rays 
a little higher than those of dorsal; when depressed, extending as far 
posteriorly as do the dorsal, both fins reaching base of caudal. Caudal 
and pectorals sharply rounded posteriorly, the latter extending toa 
vertical through last dorsal spine; without filaments on its upper edge; 
ventrals reaching a vertical through insertion of second dorsal; free 
posteriorly. 


Fic. 12.—CRYPTOCENTRUS FILIFER. 


In spirits the color is brown, a little darker above than below: sides 
with 5 broad, vertical brown bands, having narrow, indistinct ones 
between them, the second of the wide bands located below the space 
between dorsals, the last at base of caudal; head, except lower jaw, 
dark; cheeks and opercle with small, pearly white spots (bright blue 
in life), surrounded by narrow, brownish rings. Fins dusky: the 
first dorsal with an elongate black spot on lower part of membrane 
between first and second spines, the spot preceded and followed by a 
narrow strip of white: membranes of anal bluish white: interradial 
membranes of caudal bluish white, the upper half with elongate white 
(blue) spots; pectorals lighter than the other fins; two inner rays of 
ventrals darker than the outer ones. 

Coasts of southern Japan and China; living near the surface in open 
water or about rocks; generally common. Here described from a 
specimen 95 millimeters long from Nagasaki. Our numerous speci- 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


mens are from Tokyo, Tsuruga, Wakanoura, Kobe, Onomichi, and 
Nagasaki. 
(Filum, thread; fero, bear). 


18. GLOSSOGOBIUS Gill. 
Glossogobius Grit, Ann, N. Y. Lye. N. H., VII, 1859, p. 46 (Platz cephalus). 


From Chenogobius, with which genus the affinities are most close, 
Glossogobius differs mainly in the large size of the scales, which num- 
ber about 31 in the lateral series. 

This genus is less closely allied to Ctenogobius, from which it differs 
in the larger mouth, the strongly projecting chin, the deeply emar- 
ginate tongue, and in the narrow isthmus, the gill openings being 
extended considerably farther forward than in Ctenogobius. Head 
naked; depressed anteriorly. Teeth moderate, in broad bands; the 
inner teeth depressible; pseudobranchiz well developed; no fleshy 
flaps on shoulder girdle; scales rather large, weakly ctenoid; dorsal 
fins both short, the first of six slender spines. 

Species few, one of them a large goby common in the streams of 
Japan. 

(vAwooa, tongue; Gobius.) 


24. GLOSSOGOBIUS BRUNNEUS (Schlegel). 

Gobius brunneus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, p. 142, 1847, pl. Lxxiv, fig. 2, Naga- 
saki.—GtnTHeEr, Cat. Fish., ITI, p. 65; after Schlegel.—IsHixawa, Cat. Fish., 
1897, p. 39, Tokyo, Boshu. 

Gobius olivaceus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, p. 1438, 1847, pl. uxxtv, fig. 3, Naga- 
saki, on a drawing by Burger.—B LrrKer, Verh. en Meded. cft. Natuurk., 
1867, p. 245, Jedo. 

Head 31 in length; depth 44; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; 
eye 53; snout 3; maxillary 24; D. VI-10; A. 9; P. 20; scales in lateral 
series 30, in transverse series LO. 

Body thickest; cylindrical; caudal peduncle deep; somewhat com- 
pressed; dorsal contour considerably arched; its highest point near 
insertion of spinous dorsal. Head very large; broader than body but 
less deep; snout rather pointed; broadly rounded when viewed from 
above. Eye small; directed laterally; interorbital space flat; distance 
between eyes equal to their vertical diameter. Mouth oblique; maxil- 
lary concealed; extending to a vertical through middle of orbit; lips 
broad; lower jaw projecting beyond the upper. Teeth simple; in 2 
series; the outer ones somewhat enlarged; in a single row near edge 
of jaw, the inner ones depressible; in a narrow band. Tongue broad; 
deeply notched. Gill openings running far forward below; width of 
isthmus about equal to space between eyes. Inner edge of shoulder 
girdle without papille. Gill rakers on first arch 3 + 10; very short and 
flat; reduced to mere elevations near ends of arch. Anterior nostril 
with a tube. Chin without barbels. 


| 


so.1244. = GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 75 


Head naked except on occiput. Body math ee ele eionoid 
scales; those on nape and breast minute. 

Dorsal fins separate; anterior spines highest; the second with a 
short. filamentous tip; the fin when depressed just reaching insertion 
of soft dorsal; dorsal rays a little shorter than the spines. Caudal 
rounded. Anal inserted below base of second or third dorsal rays; 
its posterior rays longest; reaching almost as far backward as do those 
of dorsal; both falling short of base of caudal. Pectoral rounded; the 
upper edge without free filaments. Ventrals free posteriorly, the 
disk very broad. 

Upper parts dark; sides with 4 or 5 large dark spots. Dorsal tins 
with small dusky spots in more or less definite longitudinal rows, the 
spots on anterior part of spinous dorsal large and black. Pectorals 
and caudal with small dark spots arranged in vertical rows. Ventrals 
and anal edged with white. 

Described from an individual from W Manaies. Specimens from 
Onomichi are a little lighter in color. On the nape and alone the 
back are scattered small spots of a deep brownish black. This large 
goby is common in the streams and estuaries of southern Japan. Our 
numerous specimens are from Hakodate, Onomichi, Kurume, Nagasaki, 
and Wakanoura. This species is closely related to the Chinese goby 
Glossogobius JLUris. 


(Brunneus, brown.) 


Measurements of Glossogobius brunneus. 


| 


a a ee oe rane a Waka- 
| Nagasaki, Hizen. noura, Kii. | 
ietcuner cs. | mij aan = a | | | ew 
| Length expressed in millimeters..............-. 141} 119] 106} 112) 82 | 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length...._-- 20 22 20 21 18 
Depihomenudali peduncle. oop esa. on tse - 2a. 12 1 AOS Al il 
ben Pthrornendeeea: enlace cease eeeck cs tice 29 30 30 32 291 | 
Length of snout .....-- 10h ho 10 93; 103; 9 | 
Length of maxillary 1320) 03) TB alee 14 13 | 
Waditiiok inberorbitalispaces os... cos. tenes 20: 32 32 3 | 3h 3 | 
DIFIME TET OM OLDUbe Ane oan saa te eee eee al yt 54 6 be 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal ........-- | 36 | 39 372 35.1 36) | 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal ...........--- 563} 58 58 582) 574 | 
Height of longest dorsal spines .....-..----.----- 1B alee 15%) Oe TE 
Height of longest dorsal rays........-.-.-------- 183 122 15 15 3 
Distance from snout to anal fin ..--...........-. }. 592 624 GUN) 1615) 61 
pe Hecht iotlongestiamall rays, 2. 5.2 ccs. Bo = a2 15 /* 152) 182 | 
Length of caudal peduncle. -..........------.--- DANS O82 10 VO5i BBE) Od. 
eno hhvor caida sie eye wae oye si ea 26 OTA? ee Onl 26 
meno th orpectonalitim ssa Se ite Sls, 94 |, 23.) (28 |" 5.25 | 24 
U(SyaCeial onieny( shal dell lah ai gee See ares eer enor eee ew Ons 20 20) 20) | 
Nomperiot dorsalispimes’...6-2.5s2-252--2esse402 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 6 | 
jpeNumiberotdorsal rays. 2-2) _ 22 2..2se2)-caese en cce |) ral) 10 10 10 | 10 | 
oN A DEOL analiraye mae sees ee ose ces coe se ae | 9 | 9 | Q | 9 9 
| Number of scales in lateral series ......-......-. 732 31} 31] 30) 30 | 
| Number of scales in tramsverse series ........--- 105) 910) vA = 20) )) 212 
I ! } 
iZi GLEAz NOG OBL Ss Galle 
Chenogobius GitL, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1859, p. 12 (annularis). 


Gymnogobius Grit, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Bae 1863, p. 269 (macrognathos, based 

on specimens wrongly described as scaleless) . 
Body rather elongate; the head broad and depressed anteriorly: 
mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; teeth moderate, in 


76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


bands; tongue emarginate; sides of head naked; no barbels: eyes well 
separated; isthmus very narrow, the gill opening continued forward 
below. Scales very small, cyeloid or weakly ctenoid; dorsal fins short, 
the first of 6 slender spines; ventrals moderate, not adnate; caudal 
short. 

Gobies of moderate size abounding in the rivers of Japan. This 
genus differs from Ctenogobius in the large mouth, notched tongue, 
wide gill openings, and very small scales. 

Not having seen the type of Chawnogobius, we are not quite sure of 
its identity with Gymnogobius. 

(yaiv@, yawn; (Gobius.) 

a. Dorsal rays VI-9; anal 9; scales small; ocellate spots about the vent. 

annularis, 25. 
ad. Dorsal rays VI-12; anal 12; scales 70; body and fins finely dotted, the caudal 
with ziezaovertical’ oandse..-2 22) see ec ae en macrognathos, 26. 


25. CHAXNOGOBIUS ANNULARIS Gill. 


Chenogobius annularis Grit, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1859, p. 12, Hakodate. 
Gobius annularis GENTHER, Cat. Fish., III, p. 65; after Gill. 

Head 4 in length; eye 4 in head; D. VI-9; A. 8. 

Body cylindrical anteriorly; compressed posteriorly. Head broader 
than deep. Eve located anteriorly; 4 in head; directed obliquely. 
Interorbital space three-fifths diameter of eye. Mouth somewhat 
oblique; jaws equal. Scales small cycloid. Color brownish; dotted 
above with blackish; several ocellate spots about the vent; second dor- 
sal with 3 bands. (Guill.) 

Hakodate, island of Hokkaido. Not seen by us. 

(Annvlaris, having rings.) 


26. CHAZ NOGOBIUS MACROGNATHOS (Bleeker). 
Gobius macrognathos BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., VI, Japan, p. 83, pl. 1, 
fig. 1, Rivers of Jeddo near Tokyo. 
Gobiosoma macrognathos GENTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 86, after Bleeker. 
Chenogobius macrognathos JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 
372, Tokyo, Lake Biwa. 


Head 32 in length; depth 43; depth of caudal peduncle 22 in head; 
eye 6; snout 3; maxillary 1g; D. VI-12; A. 11; P. 20; scales in lat- 
eral series 70, in transverse series 20. 

Body thickset, rather cylindrical anteriorly; caudal peduncle deep, 
compressed. Head broad, its dorsal contour concave in region of 
eyes; snout long, pointed. Eyes small, directed obliquely upward; 
space between eyes equal to 14 times their diameter. Mouth very 
large, oblique; lips rather broad; lower jaw projecting beyond the 
upper. Maxillary exposed posteriorly, extending to a vertical through 
posterior edge of pupil, varying in length in different individuals. 


bands on both jaws; the outer ones but little enlarged. Gill openings 
large but not extending extremely far forward; the width of isthmus 
about equal to space between eyes. No papille on shoulder girdle. 
Gill-rakers on first arch 2+8; short; rather slender. Anterior nostril 
with a short tube. No barbels on lower jaw. 

Head naked. Body with small cycloid or finely ctenoid scales, both 
kinds often occurring on the sides of the same individual; scales on 
nape and breast minute; those on belly small and easily displaced. 

Dorsals separate; the spines lower than the rays; when depressed 
the first dorsal does not reach insertion of second. Anal inserted 
below base of third or fourth dorsal ray, extending when depressed 
a little farther posteriorly than does the dorsal, both falling consider- 
ably short of reaching base of caudal. Pectoral rather pointed, its 
upper edge without free filaments. Caudal rounded. Ventrals free 
posteriorly. 


Fic. 13.—CH.ENOGOBIUS MACROGNATHOS. 


Sides mottled with brownish or dusky; a lateral row of about 9 
indistinct large blotches present, the most posterior at base of caudal 
fin; head with mottlings and reticulations of dark color. Spinous 
dorsal with a dark blotch on its posterior upper part; fin with a very 
narrow dark edge, below which is a light band anteriorly; other parts 
of fin dusky: soft dorsal dusky, with small white spots; caudal with 
dark broad zigzag vertical bands; anal dusky; the soft dorsal, caudal, 
and anal conspicuously bordered with white; pectorals light; ventrals 
dusky. 

Here described from a specimen collected near Tokyo by Professor 
Otaki. 

The species is of wide distribution, living in rivers, and is but little 
less abundant than Cfenogobius similis. It is subject to considerable 
variation in shape of body, length of maxillary, and in color. Some 
specimens from Lake Biwa have the caudal peduncle narrower than have 
those from other localities. The length of the maxillary varies con- 
siderably with the sex, in the females being much shorter than in the 
males. Some are very light in color, but the pattern as described is 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


usually preserved. The darker ones may have either light or dark 
ventrals and anal, these fins in some cases being almost black. 

Our specimens are from Funaki, Omi; Kurume; Aomori; Tokyo; 
Tsuruga; Chitose; Matsubara; Same; Gifu, Mino; Nagoya; Owari; 
Kawatana. 

(uakpos, long; yvafos, jaw.) 


Measurements of Chenogobius macrognathos. 


Matsubara. nas Bay of 
Lake Biwa. CrrneNinG) Tokyo. 
| | 
enesthvinrunilimetensieess seen. osaeee ese aee ee teee ee eeeee Vega rere 72)| 65 i) | sz 
Depth expressed in hundreds of length ...........-..---. rN ESE ENO foe ails) 212) 21 
Depth of caudal ae SUA patent A et tok iy ert Cl eestor TD |e aly) Te 
Then othvohwhied dls. so ase Saad pss tee eee eee ere al ae 0) 30 | 313] 30] 30 
IL Sr0VEA OL ON NOG Sie alse Sa Hesse sme saaseess soc ssToQueNe |= LOTS Te 9) | 9 10 | 10 
ibeineln QPP AMG. se ees en see obbasce gacceve:coseseece 132) 22 182) 152 ene hae 
Widthiorinberorbpital space sess s- eee ae eee ia 5 | 5 5 | 5 535 
DIAmMeteniOuorbit oss -ce eek seek eee oes eet eee eee ae 51 62 6 6 | bi) =p 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal............-------- | Age, 416 42 42} 41 421 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal.....:.....-------.----- Gon) | 162 62 62 62 | 62 
Height oflongest dorsalspimGss2 eset see ee eee 133} 14 ‘14 13) else wae 
| Heicht oflongest: dorsal rays sesso 2 ee oe eee 141] 16) 153) 15 15 | 14 
Distance from snowttovan whines es eee eee ete | ~\672)-- 65)|- "66 65 65 | 67 
Heightiomlongestiangdlirays 22-6, senses = ee eens ell Sila 133 14 13 | 123 
Wenge phiocaltid alepedinmele ee ee tere ee } e220 | 22 19 205 21h el 
Mem Phyo. Ceri Gell in ere eters aoe = eee | 205) 213) -22 25 Poa ee 
) sbengthiof pectoral fim -- 5-22 2-2. 222-- =e i eee ei eieeese i eee at 23 24 Does 
ene Oenemind IiOl Seaee nee ona doc An okosansocaencasoe 18 17 18} 19 bgp aks) 
Number of dorsal spines|=-- -- 322-24. ---ese= 32-2 oe ee 6 6 6 6 6| 6 
Vee Numb Gro 11Gl OTS et | SNrA iS ete tele a ee A ee 12h) lal al Wie ab 
IN[ Wool HS POMOC SE ne SaeNecpas dos saga eccoobsoacae ne TE 11 12 100) aaa 
Number of pectoral TEV Stee eee eee oaeitosine = 2 meme 1S} Sees 18; 18 Asta] US) 
Number of scales in lateral series.................-------- Gbu he ees 68 | 67 74 | 68 
Number of scales in transverse series. ...............----- D2 ee rele ot | 215) rsa 22 
| Fukabi, Gifu. Matsubara, Lake Biwa. 
| | 
Length of body in millime- | | | | 
TErsts cbt Ss ei Ges aoe ene We 73 | (fle 64 70 48 | 423 42 
Depth of caudal peduncle | | 


expressed in hundredths | 


| 

| 
Ol leno thisss 5 eas aspen 12 11 | 12 12 11 | 11 11 11 
Length of snout............ 10 93 3 10 10 8 10 9 
Length of maxillary a...-. 20 16 | 18 173) 17% 13 12 12 


Male. Female. 


Male.| Male.| Male. ee | Female. Female. 


a ST eetcth from tip of snout to posterior end of maxillary. 


Lake Biwa. | Nagoya. 
| 
Lengthion body ----..-sse =: 49 Al 54 50 | 73 75 | 60 | <5. eee 
Depth of caudal peduncle . 8 84 8 8 10 | 12 TO Seah eee 
Length of snout-::-.-:..--.- gt 92 10 9 gi 8 | RO epee ee». 2 
Length of maxillary....... 20 20 19 17 153 14 | Sih es 
Male. Male.  Male.| Male.|Female.| Female.) Male. | pee 


is CHLOnA Jordanvand Snyder: 


Chloea JoRDAN and SNYDER, hew genus (castanea). 

This genus is very close to Chawnogobius, differing chiefly in the 
presence of 7 or 8 dorsal spines instead of 6. The isthmus is a little 
wider than in Chenogobius, and the head a little less depressed above 
Salient characters of the two genera are the large oblique mouth, 


30.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 79 


prominent chin, notched tongue, moderate or short soft dorsal and 
anal, naked head, and the very small scales. No silky rays to the 
pectorals. 

The species are small and speckled in coloration, abounding on the 

sandy shores of Japan, especially to the northward. 

Named for Mrs. Chloe Lesley Starks, artist and naturalist. 

a. Head large, 23 in length, rather pointed and not 4-angled in section; depth 4% 
in length; scales 67-19; dorsal rays VIIJ-11; body and fins finely mottled or 
GUUWEO! Sts = = fe he, Se ei pees Soe SE Ne Sete pa ae ae eae ee castanea. 27 

aa. Head shorter, 34 to 3% in length, somewhat 4-angled in section; depth about 6 

in length. 


DaeWorcalerayce Vill: ‘scalesyi2—20) 39 een. Sets ee ee ee es levis. 28 
bb. Dorsal rays VII-18. 
ES CALC rer? ie ot teh eters 8 es Diet Ad ta Be 6 ee Sty ot ie mororana.” 29 
COSC CS 4/2 Oise oom Se me eters SCE ene a a ech ea am te leer sarchynnis. 30 


27. CHLOEA CASTANEA (O’Shaughnessy). 
Gobio castaneus O’ SHAvGHNEssy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XV, 1875, p. 145, Nagasaki. 


Head 23 in length; depth +4; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; 
diameter of eye 4; length of maxillary 24; D. VII-11; A. 11; P. 18; 
scales in lateral series 67, in transverse series 19. 

Body robust, almost cylindrical; caudal peduncle narrow, some- 
what compressed. Head rather pointed, deeper than wide. Eye of 
medium size, directed almost laterally, the upper edge projecting 
slightly above the dorsal outline of head; width of space between eyes 
equal to about half their diameter. Mouth oblique, lower jaw pro- 
jecting somewhat beyond the upper. Maxillary exposed at its poste- 
rior end only, reaching a vertical between anterior edge of orbit and 
pupil. Teeth villiform, in narrow bands on both jaws, the outer ones 
of lower jaw slightly enlarged. Tongue notched anteriorly. Gill 
opening not extending far forward; the isthmus wide.  Gill-rakers on 
first arch 2-+ 11; rather thick set. Pseudobranchie large. No papil- 
le on shoulder girdle. 

Head naked except on occiput, where there are minute scales. Body 
covered with small, finely ctenoid scales, except on breast, which is 
naked; scales on median line of belly easily displaced. 

- Dorsal fins separate, the spines almost as high as the rays. Anal 
inserted below base of second or third dorsal rays; the rays equal in 
height to the dorsal spines, the depressed fin reaching a little farther 
posteriorly than does the dorsal, both falling considerably short of 
base of caudal. Caudal round; pectoral without filaments on upper 
edge; round posteriorly. Ventrals rather short and broad. 

Color in spirits yellowish, tinged with olive; upper parts having 
narrow dusky bands with a reticulate arrangement. Dorsal fins with 
small dusky spots on spines and rays in diagonal rows. Caudal with 
faint dusky spots. Other fins with a little dusky. 


SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Described from a specimen taken at Tsuruga, Echizen. Other spec- 
imens are from Nagasaki, Misaki, Matsushima, Aomori, Tsuruga, 
Niigata. The species is common in sandy bays. 

( Castaneus, chestnut). 


Measurements of Chloea castanea. 


| Tsuruga, Echizen. Nagasaki, Hizen. - 
| | aeeaal 

Length in millimeters............-..-- | 661-56) 55] 51 56. 46) 44 40) fo 

Depth expressed in hundredths of 
MOM GID. 252 aie os tiepe Ors bis ers ete aie ee ss este 22 20 21 DISS Lol eeeho) 19 Ngls||) SE 
Depth of caudal peduncle. .....-...... 10 82) 9 Qt 9 10 10 9 10 
hength other es: ase ate eee ee 274 Os eT 28 25 29 28 | 29 
engeth OfSsnoutsao-- 2222-422 o= =e sss 7 7 8 8 8 | 74 8 | a 
Meneath Obmaxdllaryesss sere ses ns soe 113) 10 11 TO a aia) 127) 108) Oz 
Width of interorbital space..........- 2 22 3 3 33. 34 33] Bh 08) 
) Diam eteriotiorbitu...--ces=sce-s2ees = ee 7 6 6 le| 6 6 8 7 7 
| Distance from snout to spinous dorsal. 38 37 37 38 36 38 373] 38) 38 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal... .. | 58 58 bY | 156 56 57 58 | 57 ll e560 
Height of longest dorsal spines -...--. 3 13 14 14 10 12 ay |euets ys | as) 
Height of longest dorsal rays --..--.-- 14 15 15 15 eek 14 123) 16) 1 
Distance from snout to anal fin ....--. 638} 61 64! 61) 638 61 62} 60) 59 
Height of longest anal rays.....-.--.- 13 13 14 | aby sy sie 113 12 Bi) 8 
Length of caudal peduncle ..........- 22) 24 DEMERS | 3} 24 233| 23] 25 
() lene th of caudal tims. 2 aesn2 2 ores ie |e 22 22 23 | 20 19 18 20} 212 
Widen othronspectoralitimiee= -s=-asa4eeee- 21 20 19 23'| 20 18 21 20} 19 
jy eens thiotiventrall iinlsess sce eee 20 2OV\ 422, 23} 20 19 20 22 | 19 
| Number of dorsal spimes .-.....-.--..- 7 7 if 7 | fi 7 a 7 6 
) Num beriol dorsal raiysiee- sc este cee fee aml TM See 11 11 11 at sal 
| Number of anal rays ....-... Srctassces Toy) a 10 bik) alt 11 11 10 | 10 
| Number of pectoral rays........-...-. 18 17 17 18 18 18 19 LS ekg) 
| Number of scales in lateral series ..... 67 70 68 65 | 69 63 63 64 | 65 
| Number of scales in transverse series. - 19 20 19 20 19 18 18 18 | 18 


28. CHLOEA LA‘VIS Steindachner. 
Gobius levis STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr. VIII, 1879, p. 20, Hakodate. 


Head 34; depth 6; D. VII-1, 11; A. I, 11; P. 21. Eye 6 in head; 
snout 33; scales 70 to 75-20, 

Body compressed. Head four-angled in section, flat above; a streak 
of scales on middle of nape; sides of head naked. Mouth large, rising 
vertically; end of maxillary a little behind middle of eye. Teeth 
numerous, small; no canines; tongue emarginate. Seales cycloid; 
small. First dorsal weakly convex, the fifth spine longest; second 
dorsal scarcely higher; pectoral long, about as long as caudal without 
silky rays. Clear brown, with many dark specks. A dusky spot at 
base of caudal; fins all translucent, with thick-sown points, especially 
the ventrals which are dusky in the males. Second dorsal and caudal 
with regular cross-bands; tip of first dorsal dusky. Length 80 mm. 
(Steindachner. ) 

Hakodate, not seen by us. 

(Levis, smooth.) 


29. CHLOEA MORORANA Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
ead 3% in length; depth 64; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head; 
eye 54; snout 33; maxillary 12; D. VII-13; A. 12; P. 20; scales in 
lateral series 90, in transverse series 26. 


no.1244.  =GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 81 


Body moderately compressed, sloping considerably from the deepest 
part to caudal peduncle. Head as wide as body but much less deep, 
rather long, pointed. Eyes placed high, the upper margin projecting 
slightly above head, directed laterally; interorbital area flat; distance 
between eyes about equal to their diameter. Mouth extremely large; 
oblique, the cleft curving upward in front. Maxillary notably long 
extending beyond eye a distance equal to the eye’s diameter. Lower 
jaw projecting beyond the upper. ‘Teeth villiform, in narrow bands 
on both jaws, the outer ones slightly enlarged; no canines. Tongue 
deeply notched. Gill opening extending forward a short distance; 
width of isthmus equal to diameter of eye. Inner edge of shoulder 
girdle without papille.  Gill-rakers very long and slender, 5+ 19 
on first arch. Anterior nostril with a tube. No barbels on head. 

Head naked; body with very small cycloid scales; nape with a naked 
space running from insertion of dorsal to occiput, the scales extending 
forward along the sides; breast and median part of belly naked. 

Dorsals separate, the spines slender, when depressed not reaching 
insertion of soft dorsal; soft dorsal somewhat higher anteriorly, when 


SNS 


ay) i 
KIA 
ua aN 


Fig. 14.—CHLOEA MORORANA. 


depressed, the rays fall far short of reaching the caudal. Anal 
inserted below base of third or fourth dorsal ray, extending a little 
farther posteriorly than does the dorsal. Caudal bluntly rounded. 
Pectoral acutely rounded; the upper edge without free filaments. 
Ventrals large, almost as long or longer than pectorals, free poste- 
riorly. 

Color in spirits light yellowish olive, finely dotted with black; the 
dots gathered in clouds and reticulations on the upper parts; snout 
and lower jaw rather darker than other parts of head. Spinous dorsal 
dusky at base, growing lighter toward the margin; soft dorsal with 
dusky spots arranged in oblique rows; caudal dusky, with very indis- 
tinct spots in transverse rows. Pectorals and anal with a little dusky. 

The species is represented by several specimens from Mororan, 
Hokkaido. The type is No. 6452, Leland Stanford Junior University 
Museum. Locality, Mororan, Hokkaido. We also have two examples 
from Tokyo which are slightly darker in color; the spinous dorsal 
has a blackish blotch on its posterior part. The species is not rare 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 


6 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


about rocks and in rock pools to the northward. Our specimens are 
from Mororan, Tokyo, and Matsushima Bay. 

(Mororan, ivis-huts; 2 town on Volcano Bay where the species was 
first taken.) ; 


Measurements of Chloea mororana. 


| Iheniethrin anillimeterdeeassss sees ene eee eee ee 7A) 62 59 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length.......... HY al) 16 18 
Depthiot caudal pedunelewe- 9222 -sseee nea eee ee 8 8 9 
hength.of head). 2: 5... 03e 3 55 ee re seen Seca 263 | 27 27 
Menpthiat snout jsaceesssenee cso eee ee eee 8 8 8 
Widthiofinteronbitalepacee sss oes e eee ee ese nee 32 B} 3 
Diameter Ghorbipes .. cease lose eee eee ees 5 be 5 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal............-- 36 362 37 
Distance from: snout to‘soft dorsal ..-:-22.225.-2-.- 55 57 o7 
Height of longest dorsal spimes ...................- 12: | 11 1 
Height of longest dorsal rays ...-.:.----.....+- ... 12 12 11 
Distance from snout to amal fin _.....-......-...... 61 59 61 
Heightiotlongest anal Tavs: 8. pin) a8ee See se liz | i 12 
Length of caudal peduncle 21 21 20 
Gene thon caudal fim Sos seer ose e 20 20 20 
Length of pectoral fin. ....2.:..... 18 18 18 
Leng thor ventral ims ie 2835 asaeen eee. sheer ees 19 17 16 
Numberot dorsalispines = -eessseeeses eee eee 9 7 f 
Number ofdorsaliraivssss: sees -seeeer ater. 14 13 14 
Numiberomanialliraysiscsss sesaeo cere ee eae eee eae 14 13 14 
Number of scales in lateral series .........-.--....- 90 91 95 
Number of scales in transverse series .............. 26 Pay] 26 
Locality, Mororan. | 


7 | 7 
Number ofidorsall maysveeeecece aes eee eee 14 | 14 
4 | 14 

| 


Number ofidorsall Spines}-.s-seee eee eee eee ee te} | 7 8 8 re 
14 13 13 13 14 
Numberofanalirays:.s. chess teen eee eres if | 14 12 13 13 14 


30. CHLOEA SARCHYNNIS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 33 in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; 
eye 4; snout 34; maxillary 14; D. VII-13; A. 13; P. 20; scales in lateral 
series 70, in transverse series 20. 

Body rather elongate, somewhat compressed. Head long, sharp. 
Eyes directed laterally, the space between them about equal to their 
diameter. Snouta little longer thaneye. Mouth large, oblique; lower 
jaw projecting beyond the upper. Maxillary very long, extending 
beyond posterior border of eye and considerably farther than cleft of 
mouth, its posterior third being free. Teeth simple, very small, slender; 
in narrow bands on both jaws. Tongue very deeply cleft. Vomer 
with 2 conspicuous pads projecting downward, each apposed to a lobe 
of the tongue. Gill openings extending moderately far forward; the 
width of isthmus about equal to length of snout. No papillee on inner 
edge of shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers on first arch 6+ 14, long and 
very slender. Head without barbels. 

Head naked; body covered with small, finely ctenoid scales, except 
on breast and nape; the naked space on nape not quite reaching inser- 
tion of spinous dorsal. 

Dorsals widely separated, the spines short and slender, the 1ays a 
little longer than spines; when depressed the fin falls far short of 
reaching caudal. Anal inserted below base of second dorsal ray; when 


——$—_= oo -_— = = 


No.1244 §=GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 83 


depressed it extends slightly farther backward than does the dorsal. 
Caudal obtusely rounded or truncate behind. Pectorals pointed; the 
upper edge without filamentous appendages. Ventrals free posteriorly. 

Sides with a row of 15 or more small dusky spots, some of which are 
joined together; upper parts with dusky reticulations; a band extend- 
ing forward from eye; snout dusky. Spinous dorsal with a small 
dark spot on its posterior part; soft dorsal with small dusky spots ar- 
‘anged in 2 horizontal rows; anal with just a trace of dark color; lower 
half of caudal dusky; pectorals and ventrals without dark color. 


FIG. 15.—CHLOEA “SARCHYNNIS. 


Type No. 6463, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 
Locality, Wakanoura. We have 7 small specimens only, all from the 
type locality. 

The species closely resembles Ch/oca mororana. It has larger scales 
and is differently colored. The latter species has not the vomerine 
pads described above, although some specimens show elevations on 
each side of the vomer. 

(caps, flesh; UVV1sS, vomer.) 


Measurements of Chloea sarchynnis. 


Length expressed in millimeters ............... 33 Wes 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length.....- UN ale) al@ 
Depth of caudal peduncle.................... a 9 9 8 
Length of head....- Ore ph ee ne wa arama (A een penis oe 28 26} 26 
Men eth.Or snoOuUl so ssesene eee eee Le ae 8 i 7 
Kenrtinohmarsdliienys: osc cc eos ceme ce one 15 15 16 
Waidthiot interorbital space 62.2252.) 221 52225. 4 4 4 
Dianieterior Orbities so ses cre week ke seen: 6 Zi 7 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal.......... 39 30 | 36 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal.........2..-- 57 56] 56 
Height of longest dorsal spines..............-.- 12 10 12 
Height of longest dorsal rays..........-.0.----- 12 12} 14 
Distance from snout to anal fin ..........2.2..- 57 5p)! a7 
Height of longest anal rays ...........0.-.-..-- 12 wep ae 
Length of caudal peduncle...................-. 21 PAN ee} 
Length of caudal fin ...... E Me ete ee Eee 19 18} 20 
Hensthvohpectoraltime aos. oases stack cneeee 19 18 | 16 
Lene phionventralenim 28. oe, coo sk ence 16 15 15 
Number ordorsalispimesss.-ha.ce -oseceees sone 7 M iu 
Number ohdorsalitayssaccee ics -ccss cee ocecesee 13 Bh) 1183 
iINumberofanalrays cee ectis sae boas a nee 13 135 13 
Number of scales in lateral series ............-- 70 64 | 70 
Number of scales in transverse series .......... 20 20 20 


84 PRC )CEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV.- 


16. CHASMIAS Jordan and Snyder. 
Chasmias JorpAN and SNypER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1901, p. 761 
(misakius ). 

Body moderately elongate, covered with very small, cycloid scales; _ 
head broad, flattish above, wide between the eyes, the cheeks without 
scales; mouth very large, horizontal, the lower jaw included; teeth in 
moderate bands; maxillary much produced backward; tongue broad, 
rounded; isthmus very broad, the gill openings restricted to the sides. 
Shoulder girdle without fleshy flaps; no barbels. Dorsal fins short, 
the first of 6 low, flexible spines; caudal rounded; pectorals with free 
silky tips above; no filamentous rays on dorsal; ventrals short and 
broad. 

This genus is near to Platygobius Bleeker (macrorhynchus), differing 
at least in the small, smooth scales and in the narrow gill openings. 

(yaopa@, to yawn, from the large mouth.) 

ad. Vertical fins distinctly spotted or checkered with black; scales moderate, about 

60-20; depth 6 in length; a black caudal spot ------. -----dolichognathus. 31. 

aa. Vertical fins dusky, nearly plain or dotted with white, and with a broad 
whitish margin; scales minute, about 90-30; depth 43 in length; a black 
ead alist siete (Ge et aetna Ae 2 Rare ee Re ee any A misakius. 32. 


31. CHASMIAS DOLICHOGNATHUS (Hilgendorf). 


Gobius dolichognathus HitGENDoRF, Sitzber. Naturf. Freunde, 1878, p. 108, Tokyo; 
Mus. Berl., Nos. 1065, 10654. 


Head 32 in length; depth 6; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; 
eye 54; snout 3; maxillary 12; D. VI-11; A. 10; P. 205 scales m 
lateral series 58, in transverse series 19. 

Body about like that of C. mésak/us; the head somewhat smaller, 
the space between. the eyes narrower, and the snout shorter and more 
rounded. Eyes small; not directed upward; interorbital space wide, 
the distance between the eyes a little less than length of snout. 
Mouth nearly horizontal, very large; the maxillary extending to a 
vertical through a point posterior to the hinder margin of the eye, 
a distance equal to one-half the diameter of eye. Lower jaw included 
by the upper. Lips rather thick and pendulous. <A fleshy flap before 
and below the eye hanging down over the lip. Teeth in narrow bands 
near middle of jaws, the posterior half of each side of jaw being 
naked; teeth villiform; those of upper jaw with a somewhat enlarged 
outer series; pharyngeal teeth above and below stiff, bristle-like. 
Gill openings extending but little forward of the base of pectorals, 
the isthmus wide. Gill-rakers on first arch 3 + 8, minute, slender. 
No papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. 

Head naked; skin but little wrinkled or folded; pores on head sim- 
ilar to those of C. misakius. Anterior nostrils with tubes. Scales 


-~ 


iit tie 


no.124. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 85 


on body small and weak, cycloid. A suggestion of a lateral line 
similar to that of (. wesakius is present. 

Fins like those of (. misakius; the upper edge of pectoral with 
thread-like appendages. 

Sides with distinct, elongate, light color patches which extend 
upward and downward from a horizontal somewhat above the median 
part of body; of those below, the first spot is immediately behind the 
base of pectoral; above this a very indistinct light band passes over 
the body behind the occiput; the second has a fellow above, which 
unites with one on the opposite side at insertion of spinous dorsal; the 
third has 2 bands above it, the posterior of which passes over the body 
at insertion of soft dorsal; others with corresponding spots above, 
the last 2 uniting to form 1 band. Sides also with scattered small 


Fie. 16.—CHASMIAS DOLICHOGNATHUS. 


light spots, and with black dots, some of which are on the light 
areas. <A large black spot at base of caudal. Head above with indis- 
tinct dark dots and bars, the latter extending backward frem the eye; 
ventral parts of head with minute spots of dead white. Pectorals, 
dorsal and caudal fins with small dark spots arranged in lines, trans- 
versely on pectoral and caudal, longitudinally on spinous dorsal, 
and obliquely on soft dorsal. Anal dusky. Ventrals without dark 
color. 

Described from a specimen collected at Misaki. The species is very 
abundant along the beaches and among the rocks between tide marks 
from Hakodate to Nagasaki, being in many places the most abundant 
species. It was taken by us at Misaki, Wakanoura, Nagasaki, Tsuruga, 
Matsushima, Enoshima, Hakodate, and Same. 

(dohiyos, long; yvabos, jaw.) 


86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. . — vou.xxzv. 


Measurements of Chasmias dolichognathus. 


Wengrh im millimeters sf... e-e 1 se a) | 46) 51 8 46 | 48 | 43 36 36 | 36 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length. hal Lig) VS) 19) 225) IO aya LON Se aS: 


Depth of caudal peduncle ..........-..... 10 


meme thio when Geet ia een en nn eee ae 99) |) 31 |= 30 |- 29] BOUT ss0N |e SIN MIS) |eeSielest 
ILGIYELTM OAM acm shaneoe coesacebecosemese 92) 10) 10)) 107) 102) 99) ZOr) WON) ton) 10 
Width of interorbital space.:....-...-..--- Bb doe! 4) (32) 32) 94 4 3H 4 |) od 
SaDIAMeterOlOrbibeseese-—peeseepeeeer case BA SNe sahil 2) 6] 6 Guimeen Oil) My 
| Distance from snout to spinous dorsal....| 40) 41 41 | 41) 438} 42) 42) - 42 |) 422) 41 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal......-- 60 p9*/ GO|} 60; 60} 60] GO} 60) 60) 61 
Height of longest dorsal spines -...-.-.--- 1Ss| WSs MS A TA eS TS aa 
Height of longest dorsal rays ........-.-.- 14 15 13 14 17 14 153} 16) 14 | 15 
| Distance from snout to anal fin........--. 63 | 62] 64) 64) 62) 65] 63) 62) 60) 59 
| Height of longest anal rays...........---- Sef BS ||) Da  S ellehs SSIES ele 
| Length of caudal peduncle ........--....- 22 22/62 | Dam Oa: I 24 25} 242) 25 
enpthi of ‘caudal tink ss so-so. es aeeee 22! 28) 225 DT 2a a 2ai, 25a) 2: 22 | 23 
ensthrol pectoral essen + vase Hees TOW) SO20)) DI HOON) OD NOD) PD Sn ood eo eS 
Ihene th iOhwvenlbrall tin sees eae ease eee 12! 12 125) 11} 712) 10 12 14 13 | 14 
Number on dorsalispinies* = 4-=~ sen sae GG ad) SONG th 6) Gro 
Number of dorsal rays -.------.--- ck oS ced aCTN ae i t LL li 11 se LO al ala) aati 
NMMbEn OMAN aTAYSs a5 =o ee seer eee eee LO) LOR 10) 10 91) LON LON 10M BO) a0 
Number of pectoral rays........-----.---- 200) 20) -205) W195) 205) 200) 201 Salo S20 sear 
Number of scales in lateral series......--- 58 | 68) 56) 59 | 62) 59 | 65) 60 | 56 |.56 
Number of scales in transverse series... -- NOS} LOGY UB | 7 Bie ers iG st 7 earl rat eat ate le 


32. CHASMIAS MISAKIUS Jordan and Snyder. 


Chasmias misakius JorDAN and Snypur, Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1901, 
p. 761, pl. xxxvi, Misaki, Tsushima, Nagasaki. 

Head 31 in body; depth 43; depth of caudal peduncle 25 in head; 
length of snout 2%; maxillary 12; D. VI-11; A. 10; P. 21; scales-im 
lateral series 89, in transverse series 28. 

Body thickset, the caudal peduncle deep; head very broad, depressed, 
wider posteriorly than the body; snout, viewed from above, broadly 
rounded Eyes small, directed obliquely; interorbital space markedly 
wide, the distance between the eyes equal to the length of the snout. 
Mouth extremely large, horizontal; lower jaw included by the upper, 
the wide upper lips hanging down over the lower; upper lip with a 
fringed interior border next the teeth. Maxillary extending posteri- 
orly to a vertical through a point midway between eye and edge of 
opercular flap; covered for the greater part of the length. Tongue very 
broad, slightly notched. Teeth villiform, none of them enlarged, in 
bands which extend backward a little less than half the length of mouth; 
pharyngeal teeth bristle-like. Gill opening not large; the lower edge 
an eye’s diameter below base of pectoral; the width of isthmus slightly 
greater than depth of caudal peduncle. Gill-rakers on first arch 3 + 10, 
short and slender, the length of longest less than diameter of pupil. 
No protuberances on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Lower jaw with- 
out barbels. Anterior nostril with a conspicuous short tube, widened 
at its opening. 

Head naked; the skin thick, not much wrinkled nor folded; preor- 
bital with a fleshy flap which extends forward and downward below 
nostrils. A conspicuous line of pores extends from a point above and 
posterior to the nostrils forward and then downward along upper edge 
of preorbital flap, where it divides, one branch running backward below 
the eve and curving upward behind it, the other backward toward the 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. S7 


middle of cheek. A similar line of pores lies on either side of lower 
jaw, between the folds of skin. A large pore on interorbital space 
between posterior parts of eyes. Body with small, thin, cycloid scales, 
which are more or less deeply embedded in the skin. Anteriorly the 
scales are closely crowded and somewhat irregularly placed; on the 
breast and belly they are minute and almost hidden beneath the skin. 

Dorsal fins well separated; height of longest spines about equal to 
length of snout; posterior spine connected with the back by a large 
triangular membrane; rays somewhat higher than the spines, the long- 
est about equal to depth of caudal peduncle; no membrane connecting 
posterior ray with the back. Anal equal in height to spinous dorsal; 
when depressed the anal and dorsal extend an equal distance posteri- 
orly, both falling short of bases of first caudal rays a distance equal to 
one-half the depth of caudal peduncle. Caudal rounded. Pectoral 
rounded; its upper edge with a fringe of 14 or 15 thread-like filaments, 
of which each ray except the uppermost contributes 2. Ventrals 
short, free from body posteriorly; the membrane connecting the spines 
fleshy, elevated; its height equal to diameter of eye, its edge concave. 

Color in spirits dark above, the throat and belly light; head with 
indistinct dots above, and scarcely discernible bars on cheeks; sides of 
body with irregularly shaped small white spots, in which a transverse 
arrangement is suggested. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins edged with 
white, the white of caudal forming a distinct band; membranes of fins 
with indefinite light spots; first dorsal with a large, round, white spot 
just behind last spine, where the membrane is black; caudal with a 
large black blotcl at its base, followed by a transverse row of small 
white spots, 1 on each ray. Pectorals and ventrals without spots 
except at the base of the former. 

Length of the type 100 mm. 

Smaller specimens have the spots on top of head and the bars or 
spots on cheeks distinct; anterior parts of body with small dark spots; 
sides with 8 or 9 transverse, light-colored bands with small light 
blotches between them, in some cases the bands being broken up into 
elongate blotches. The dark caudal spot and the white terminal band 
are very distinct. 

On the smaller specimens a lateral line is suggested by a row of 29 
groups of minute papille extending along the middle of the sides. 
Each group has 5 or 6 papille in 1, or occasionally 2, vertical rows, 
which are a little less than the width of a scale in length. A mere 
trace of the lateral line is seen on large specimens. 

A specimen from Tsushima appears to have no light spots on the 
sides. The dark spot at base of caudal is scarcely perceptible. 

Type No. 6484, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 

This species very closely resembles 7”. dolichognathus. It differs 
from it in coloration, not having very distinct, narrow, wavy, dark 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


bands on pectorals, dorsals, and caudal; in having a terminal band of 
white on the caudal, a sharper snout, and much smaller scales. 

It is very abundant about the rocky headlands of Japan, especially 
about Misaki. Our specimens are from Misaki, Nagasaki, Enoshima, 
Tsushima, and Hakodate. 

(A, red; sak7, point; name of a very fine collecting ground on which 
the investigation station of the Imperial University of Tokyo is situ- 
ated. ) 

17-2 MS ROGO BuO S Gail: 
Pterogobius Giuu, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 266 (virgo). 

Body moderately elongate, somewhat compressed, covered with very 
small cycloid or finely ctenoid scales; head not depressed, rounded in 
profile, broad between the eyes, the cheeks with a patch of small scales 
above or wholly naked; mouth moderate, terminal, oblique, the lower 
jaw more or less prominent; tongue rounded, scarcely or not at all 
notched at tip; teeth moderate, the outer enlarged; gill openings 
moderate, separated by a rather broad isthmus. No barbels. First 
dorsal of about 8 slender spines, sometimes produced in the male; 
soft dorsal and anal very long, of 20 to 30 very slender, close-set rays; 
caudal fin moderate; pectoral fin of slender rays, the upper silk-like, 
with free tips. Ventrals well developed, not adnate to the belly. 

Gobies of rather large size and striking coloration, the most brilliant 
members of the family, found about the rocks in clear water on the 
shores of Japan and Korea. 

(zrepor, tins Gobius, from the long fins.) 

a. Body without vertical bands; its color stripes of orange and dark blue running 

horizontally; fins washed with orange and dark blue; D. VITI-28; A. 27; scales 
owe etcs ddan MeL ode eee ve Sele lan eS clee Coes sear toe ae eee virgo. 33 
aa. Body with vertical bands, light or dark, and no horizontal stripes. 
hb. Body with black cross-bands on a background of clear brown. 
c. Eye with a dark cross-band; bands.on body sharply defined and edged 
with paler. Dorsal rays VIII—22; scales 78. 
d, Caudal fin with a black cross-band at its base; dark rings on body bor- 


dered! wathsyelllow:. ma2 2S see eee see oer ee elapoides. 34. 

dd. Caudal fin without dark cross-band at base; dark rings on body edged 

Wil thay qoale Sees 2 ey ohare Sage Che Se a tere ge daimio. 35. 

ce. Kye without dark cross-band; bands on body broad, diffuse, not edged 
with pale. Dorsal VITI-26; scales 96 -....--..----=----..--zacalles: 36. 

hb). Body with very faint, pale cross-bands on a ground color of light olive. Dor- 
sal V PEI=20 2 scalesiGOie Sestak ere eee zonoleucus. 37. 


33. PTEROGOBIUS VIRGO (Schlegel). 
Gobius virgo SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 145, pl. uxxtv, fig. 4, 
Nagasaki.—GitnrnHer, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 79; after Schlegel. 
Head 4 in length; depth 63; depth of caudal peduncle 10; eye 6 in 
head: snout 2%: maxillary 28; D. VIII-98; A. 97; P. 22: scales in 
6 @) 6 
lateral series 133, in transverse series 41. 


no.124. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 89 


Shape of head and body similar to that of 2. datmio. Kyes of mod- 
erate size, directed laterally; interorbital space concave, the distance 
between the eyes equal to 14 times their longitudinal diameter. Max- 
illary concealed, extending to a vertical between anterior edge of 
orbit and pupil: mouth oblique. Teeth simple, slightly curved, in 
2 or 3 rows on each jaw, the outer row slightly enlarged; no canines. 
Tongue broad, its edge slightly concave. Gill-rakers on first arch 
4+ 10, slender, about equal in length to diameter of pupil. No 
papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. No barbels on chin. —Nos- 
trils without tubes or evident rims. 

Head with minute scales on occiput and on upper part of opercle and 
preopercle, those on oeciput not extending forward to edge of orbit. 
Other parts of head naked. Body covered with small, finely ctenoid 
scales; those on under parts and on upper posterior region cycloid. 

Dorsals separate. Spinous dorsal, when depressed, reaching a short 
distance beyond insertion of soft dorsal. Anal inserted below third 
or fourth dorsal ray, extending posteriorly an equal distance with the 
dorsal, both fins reaching base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Pectoral 
with a few short filaments on upper border. Ventrals rather long, 
free posteriorly. 

Color in alcohol light olive; 2 narrow, parallel, dark, lateral bars, 
the lower of which is on median part of body, extending from tip of 
snout to caudal; a third line on cheeks parallel to the others. Fins 
dusky, the dorsals bordered with white, below which is a dark band; 
margins of anal and caudal broadly suffused with black; pectorals and 
ventrals dusky. 

Color in life light grayish olive, somewhat greenish on the back; a 
lateral band of bright orange bordered above and below by sky blue, 
the lower border tinged with violet ventrally; sides of head orange, 
the blue bands of body extending in wavy or broken lines, growing 
brighter in color, toend of snout; a violet-blue band on cheeks extend- 
ing backward from mouth; a blue spot above each eye; forehead and 
lips dusky; under part of head tinged with violet. Dorsal fins olive, 
bordered below with orange, above with a narrow band of sky blue; 
the dorsal edges of fins orange; a blackish blotch on anterior part of 
spinous dorsal; caudal olive, broadly margined with violet, the edges 
black; bands of body extending on basal third of fin; anal with a broad 
violet band and a dark margin. Pectoral and ventral olive gray, 
slightly shaded with dusky. 

The specimens of which this description was written were collected 
in the inland sea of Japan, at Miyajima, in the province of Aki. 
Other specimens were taken at Uraga. The species reaches the length 
of 150 to 200 millimeters. It is taken rather rarely in clear water 
about rocks in the sea, and is one of the most brilliantly colored of 
Japanese fishes. It is known as Berahaze or Labroid goby. 


90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


It may be known from the other species of the genus by the absence 
of vertical color bands on the body, its bright stripes running 
horizontally. | 

(Virgo, a virgin, in allusion to the gay coloration.) 


Measurements of Pterogobius virgo. 


Length im millimeters 22-2 asses. eee eee ee 166 158 | 144 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length ..-| 16 153) 17 
Depth of caudal pedunele...............-.... On ee Oey a0 
hen eth. oMhead: 2225252 Sasa eee | Sa al ayn 
Eno Uh OW SMOUb. eet case ean eee oeen ear er | 9 82 gt 
Width of interorbital space .............----. | 5 | 5 5 
DIME TeNOMOrbl=s 2 Seen ee see nen ee eee 41] 44) 5 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal ..-..--- 31} 30) 30 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal ........--- | ibe 5 a5 
Height of longest dorsal spines ......-....--- eg Ee er YAP tat 
Height of longest dorsal rays .........--.-.-- 91} 10 10 
Distance from snout to anal fin .......-..-.-. 56 56 5) 
Height of longest anal rays -...-..-....--.--- 93 10 | 10 
Length of caudal pedunele...----.....-.----- 113} 113) 11 
jofesaveiaiony ern ovolsyl Tahal Sos So Ss Soe foe eo) Bil Pal 
Length of pectoral fin 20a) 205 m2 
Length of ventral fin... -.. Ri ea en ee ae 15 14 14 
Number of dorsal spines ...---.--- Bc aa 8 | 8 8 
INiboaaW ayes mops Kop dstel) nin chee oe ee ores Soo Zon, 2oeunein 
Niineb ero tana eiay Sie aaa see eee eee eee 27 Zitha|) 2a 
Number of pectoral rays ...--- Doel) dehy eee 
Number of scales in lateral ser 133 | 130 | 136 
Number of scales in transverse series .-.-.-.-- 41 | 40 39 


34. PTEROGOBIUS ELAPOIDES (Giinther). 


Gobius elapoides GbNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 665, pl. Lxmt, fig. 
ID. Locality unknown, supposed to be from Japan. Coll. A. Adams. 

Pterogobius cdapoides is very closely related to P. daimio. We 
have been able to find no striking difference between the two except 
in color. The former is lighter, the ground shades pinkish-brown and 
the dark cross-bands dark brown instead of deep brownish black, as 
in the latter. The bands are narrower in 7”. elapovdes, and there is, in 
addition to those on the body, alike in the two species, a distinct ver- 
tical band on base of caudal. This band on the caudal serves to dis- 
tinguish the species at a glance. 

In life the dark rings of the body are bordered by narrow bands of 
bright lemon yellow. The dorsal and caudal fins are dull, brick red. 

The range of the species is evidently farther to the northward than 
that of Pterogobius daimio, both species living in clear water about 
rocks in the open sea. 

In the original description by Dr. Giinther the habitat of this species 
was doubtfully assigned to the seas of Japan. We obtained many 
specimens.at Aomori, at Hakodate, from Matsushima Bay, and from 
Utatsu in Noto. P. L. Jouy collected numerous individuals at Fusan, 
Korea. 

(laps, the coral snake; €7d0s, likeness, from the resemblance of 
the cross-bands. ) 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 91 


Measurements of Pterogobius clapoides. 


erate aaute 1s | 
| Hokkaiae Fusan, Korea. | 


Leng thinimillimeterss .220..)...22525- 02 secekk - ae eis) 62 73 62] 68 

| Depth expressed in hundredths of length-..-.-. | 22 (22, 21 PAN oe) 

iy Depth: of caudaispeduneles2.-..ssseeos =. e Se be la oli 12 L23/ ali2 

lip benrth Ofitentis tose |. lon cee eee cae ae 26 26 27 Dal 27 
Menphhaesnout Sess . 293 oe ee ee ee g | 9 9 8 8. 
Width ofinterorbitalspace.-s-227.55-0------~- 5 5 5 6 6 | 
iamMeferanorbitse oo sete ace 53 6 } 5 6 6 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal. ....-..-- 30} 36 34 35 | 34 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal........-..-- BEN Sal GD 53° | 53 
Height of longest dorsal spines. .......-..----- 21 L3H 19 Zou, 2am | 
Height of longest dorsal rays........-....-.-.- 13 He Pls 14 13 

| Distance from snout to anal fin ..........----- 58 58 |} 57 d8 | 57 

| Height of longest anal rays :.............-1.-: LDS es) |) <pl22 15 13 
Length of caudal peduncle..................-. Lelie el8 15 17 17 
Benpihenesucdal tinise 20)... Soe ee | 21 21 Daim 3ry OD 
Lene thigtpectoraliiiaceas= 3200.20 ess e- 2] 19 22 21 21) 22 
Bensih otiventraliines. =e. 5... c8 eieiise.s3e3 Wiese) 2 123 14} 14 
NuntberoidorsallspimeSs. 2 -<- 6-o2- 2. =: 8 8 8 s| 8 
Numberondorsalirays joss ae. 5 eee tet saae- 21 21) 9 2 21 | 20 
Numibenofamsl Tayso-- cache. ache ce- cs cece a: 20) 208) ~ 21 19 | 20 
Numberohpectoralb raiysiss set o- ce beet ee =o 21 20 19 19} 20 
Number of scales in lateral series ..........--- 83} 88 90 91 83 
Number of scales in transverse series ....-..-- Ne PAE NV lee ard 3 3 32 


35. PTEROGOBIUS DAIMIO Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 3? in length; depth 43; depth of caudal puncle 2} in head; eve 
4; snout 3; maxillary 23; D. VIII-22; A. 22; P. 23; scales in lateral 
series 78, in transverse series 27. 

Body cylindrical, compressed posteriorly, the dorsal and ventral con- 
tours sloping but little to caudal peduncle; depth and width of head 
equal. Snout bluntly rounded. Eves rather large, directed laterally; 
the dorsal rim projecting slightly, making the interorbital space some- 
what concave. Mouth oblique; jaws equal, maxillary extending toa 
perpendicular through anterior edge of pupil; lips thin. Teeth in 2 
series, slender and sharp, the inner ones minute, in a narrow band; 
outer ones much stronger, these of upper row growing successively 
smaller from before backward, the lower ones becoming larger later- 
erally to the fang-like ones on sides of jaw, then abruptly smaller. 
Gill opening not extending far forward below, the width of isthmus 
equal to distance between eyes. No elevations on inner edge of shoul- 
der girdle. Gill-rakers on first arch long, very slender, and stiff. 
No barbels on lower jaw. 

Head with a few rather deeply embedded scales on upper edge of oper- 
cle and preopercle; occiput with small scales; other parts of head 
naked. Body with small cycloid scales; a few ctenoid scales below 
tip of depressed pectoral; scales on breast immediately behind isthmus 
minute, similar to those on occiput. “f 

Dorsals separate, though close together, the 4 spines after the first 
greatly lengthened; when depressed their tips reach nearly to the mid- 
dle of base of dorsal; the last 2 much shorter, just reaching insertion 
of soft dorsal when depressed; rays growing successively longer pos- 
teriorly, the last or next to last being longest. Anal similar to dorsal 


99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


in shape, inserted below base of third or fourth dorsal ray. Pectoral 
rounded; each of the 6 upper rays with 2 long silky filaments. Ven- 
trals short, free posteriorly. 

Color in spirits dusky above, lighter underneath, the body conspic- 
uously marked with broad, light-edged, brownish-black lateral rings; 
the first passing through bases of first, second, and third dorsal spines; 
the second passing on either side of base of last spine; the third, fourth, 
and fifth crossing the base of anal; the sixth on caudal peduncle some 
distance anterior to base of fin; a dark band extending across the 
interorbital space encroaching a little on the upper surface of the eye; 
below the eye it is continued downward to the lower edge of cheek, 
growing narrower and lighter toward the lower end; upper part of 
head with a U-shaped mark, the open part of which is forward, the 
ends touching the middle of posterior edges of the eves. Bases of 
dorsal and anal fins with large black spots, connected with the body 
rings: spinous dorsal narrowly edged anteriorly with black; pectoral, 
ventral, and caudal fins without distinct markings. 

Living individuals have the dark rings bordered by bright yellow, 
the dorsal and caudal fins reddish. 


Fic. 17.—PTEROGOBIUS DAIMIO. 


This species is closely related to 7. elapoides (Ginther). We have 
been able to find no great differences between the two forms, except in 
color. 2. dadmio is darker; the dark bands on body are wider than 
those of ?. eapoides, and there is no vertical band on caudal. These 
differences, though slight, are definite and constant in a large number 
of individuals examined by us. ; 

Our collecting in Japan seems to indicate that P. davmzo is a south- 
ern form, the Bay of Tokyo being somewhere near its northern limit. 
P. dapoides isfound farther to the north, or if extending south is not 
found on the shores washed by the warm southerly currents. Our 
specimens are from Misaki, and from Wakanoura. 

Type No. 6455, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. —Loeal- 
ity. Misaki, Sagami, Japan. 

Described from a male specimen 105 mm. in length. 

(Darmio, a feudal lord in Japan). 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 93 


Measurements of Pterogobius daimio. 


| benethinemillimeters.\-.. <0). se ee-eerssese 84 81 81 88 | 84 | 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length...) 20) 25 P20) | (as SADR 0) | 
Depth of caudal peduncle... 42-2 ss2~.-225-5- 123; 13 14 | 123) 723) 
erie Om ends seo ho sh se me Re Re Sees 26 28 28 | 28°] 26% | 
Hen CHHTGOESNOUE Ak Soo. asco ek eee soe ee 9; 10 10 LOD 
Width of interorbital space ...........-.-..- 64 62 7 63 6 
Dinme#lenoOnorbit-. <2 25.2 ey as8 Secemiswe ss b= 6 | 6 6 6] 6 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal .-.-..-- 34 35 37 34] 34 | 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal.........-- 52 55 545) 5b") bee. 
Height of longest dorsal spines. ..--.-------- 39 | 30 32 23 | 322 | 
Height of longest dorsal rays.......-.-.------ 21 1] 20 13 ile | 
Distance from snout to anal fin ........--..- 59 58 a9 62 | 58 
Height of longest anal rays ..........---..-- 15 12 163} 13 15 
Length of caudal peduncle..........-.-...-- 143 15 16 16 | 15 
hensthiot caudalitine <2 2: 4 sassee steer oe sc 25 222 lal meena 2D) 
Lens thyor pectoralifine. — 2+ 5----ceee eae 21 21 23 Pale) ava | 
Henpthsor ventral fini. 5.. ss. cs chines oe 15 13 15 13 | 18 
Number ofidorsal'spimes=--.5°2 2328 52222-5.- 8 8 8 8| 8 
Number of dorsal rays2<2. 0535 .05--86--5- 22 23 20 22) 22. | 
NIIMDEMOLGOTsAl TAY Sess. aes cote ee ee eee 22 0) LON QF OE) 
Number ondorsal TaYSscce-s cp one ae oes 21 22 2 2) | 22 
Number of scales in lateral series .......---- 77 89 78 79 | 80 
Number of scales in transverse series....---. 28 27 | 26 QBN" 27 


36. PTEROGOBIUS ZACALLES Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 4£ in length; depth 52; depth of caudal peduncle 10; eye 33 
in head; snout 34; maxillary 24; D. VIII-26; A. 26; P. 22; scales in 
lateral series 96, in transverse series 33. 

Body somewhat cylindrical, becoming more compressed near caudal 
fin; contours of body sloping slowly to caudal peduncle, which is little 
more than one-half the depth of body. Head large; not so deep or 
broad as body. Snout short and blunt, its length equal to diameter 
ot eye. Interorbital space broad, concave. Eyes large; directed 
almost laterally. Mouth oblique; maxillary concealed by the fleshy 
lip; extending to a vertical passing between pupil and anterior edge of 
orbit. Teeth simple, in 2 series; an outer row of enlarged ones; an 
inner, narrow band of minute teeth; lower jaw with a small, curved 
canine on each side. Width of isthmus equal to length of snout. 
No papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers slender. 
Anterior nostril with an elevated rim or tube. Chin without barbels. 

Head with minute scales on nape, upper edge of opercle, and on 
preopercle; those on preopercle extending downward considerably 
below the level of eye; other parts of head naked. Body closely cov- 
ered with small, cycloid scales; a small patch of ctenoid scales in region 
of pectoral. 

Dorsals separate, though the membrane posterior to last spine 
extends to insertion of soft dorsal. Fifth or sixth dorsal spine longest; 
the fin when depressed reaching a little beyond insertion of soft dor- 
sal. Second dorsal very long; its base contained about 25 times in 
length. Anal inserted below base of third or fourth dorsal ray; when 
depressed it extends slightly beyond dorsal posteriorly, both reaching 
the first basal rays of caudal. Caudal acutely rounded; small upper 
and lower basal rays extending a short distance forward on caudal 
peduncle. Pectorals sharply rounded; 3 or 4 upper rays with small 
filaments. Ventrals free posteriorly. 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Body with 5 dark, broad, vertical bands; the last on base of caadal; 
the first at intersection of spinous dorsal; a suggestion of a dark band 
on nape; color bands of body saddle-like; extending over the back, 
but not uniting below. Each scale with a conspicuous, narrow, dusky 
edging. Fins more or less dusky throughout. 

This species may be distinguished at once from P. elapoides and LP. 
daimio by its not having a dark band passing through the eye and 
over the head. The bands of the body are less sharply defined and 
not edged with paler. It differs in color from P. virgo in having ver- 
tical bands on the body. 

Represented by a single specimen, Type No. 6453, Leland Stanford 
Junior University Museum. Locality, Misaki, Sagami, Japan. 


Fig. 18.—PTEROGOBIUS ZACALLES. 


Measurements.—Leneth in millimeters 91; depth, expressed in hun- 
dredths of length, 18; depth of caudal peduncle 93; length of snout 
73; width of interorbital space 34; diameter of orbit 6; distance from 
snout to spinous dorsal 32; snout to soft dorsal 59; height of longest 
dorsal spines 13; rays 12; distance from snout to anal fin 58; height 
of longest anal rays 9; length of caudal peduncle 113; of caudal fin 
19; of pectoral fin 20; of ventral fin 16. 

A single specimen is known, 95 millimeters long, taken at Misaki, 
Sagami, in a rock pool on the island of Yogashima. 

(Caxadhns, very beautitul. ) 


37. PTEROGOBIUS ZONOLEUCUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 41 in length; depth 42; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; 
eye 34; snout 3%; maxillary 22; D. VIII-20; A.-19; P. 21; scales m 
lateral series 66, in transverse series 21. 

Body large; deep; compressed, the caudal peduncle notably so. 
Head small, pointed, deeper than broad. Eye very large; directed 
laterally; interorbital space flat; its width equal to diameter of eye; 
preorbital area narrow. Mouth oblique; jaws subequal. Maxillary 
concealed, extending to a vertical between pupil and anterior edge of 
orbit. Tongue of medium width, its anterior edge concave. Teeth 
simple; in narrow bands on both jaws; outer ones much enlarged; 
those of upper jaw, rather larger before, growing gradually smaller 


No.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 95 


posteriorly; lower jaw with 2 or 3 much enlarged teeth near the sym- 
physis, these followed on each side by a few smaller ones; then 2 larger 
curved canines, after which the teeth are abruptly smaller. Gill open- 
ing not extending very far forward; the width of isthmus about equal 
to diameter of eye. No papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. 
Gill-rakers slender. 

Head naked except on occiput; body everywhere covered with small, 
finely ctenoid scales. 

Dorsals separate; spines slender; the first short; the second, third, 
fourth, and fifth notably elongated; the others much shorter though 
having free tips; rays somewhat longer anteriorly than posteriorly. 
Anal inserted below base of fourth or fifth dorsal rays; when depressed, 
reaching as far posteriorly as does the dorsal; both falling far short of 


Fic. 19.—PTEROGOBIUS ZONOLEUCUS. 


hase of caudal. Caudal truncate or very obtusely rounded. Pectorals 
with free filaments on upper edge; 2 filaments to each ray bearing 
them. Ventrals short; free posteriorly. 

Color rather dark above, with 8 narrow, indistinct, light, vertical 
bands; fins dusky; the soft dorsal with 2 dark longitudinal bands; the 
upper being lighter and less distinct than the lower; anal with a dark 
longitudinal band; ventrals almost black. 

Type No. 6454, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, from 
Misaki, Japan. 

A smaller specimen from the same locality has larger eyes; is much 
lighter in color, showing just a trace of the vertical bands. No bands 
can be distinguished on the fins. 

Three specimens were obtained about the rocks of Yoga Island at 
Misaki. 


. / / . 
(Cw@vn, zone; LeuKos, white.) 


F 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


io) 


Measurements of Pterogobius zonoleucus. 


henethninimilimeterssos..sss--5-e- eee te HL) medal) i 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length... 22 | 223) 20 
Depth of caudal peduncle: 222s seces sees ee 2 LS ale, 
Lengthof heads i257 5 Ses ee ee eee eee 24 Zia 26 
Length of snowy = <4 5--ee sce eee eee ee cones 6 7 63 
enethi of maxillanyeneeesnere eee eset 9 9 9 
Width of interorbital space’ .--...2.---- 2.2.22 5 | 7 6 
Diameter: ohorbilsse-: eee ase eee ee eee 6 8 7 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal... --.-- 35 35 34 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal.......-..-- 56 bom) 208: 
Height of longest dorsal spines..........----- 31 18 20 
Height of longest dorsal rays.-.......-..--..-- 13 15 3 
Distance from snout to anal fin .............- |- 62) 58| 60 | 
Height of longest anal rays -:-.....2-2----..- he ue 1B} 3} 
Length of caudal pedunele-..--222.----5----- veil) 18 | 16 
Mengiivoneaudall tine 2 stems ee tae | 23 23) 21 
Wengeth' or pectoral finkesse-seee cere Came ce 22 26h as 
ength of ventral finiees sete eee eee 14 16] 15 
Number of dorsalispim e345 eee sere aes 8 8 8 
NiumiberotdorsallndivSsasssceos ee ae eae ene 20 PANT || ey? 
Niimiber Ob ama maysi-ccece -see cece eee. 19 20 | 20 
Number of scales in lateral series .....---..-.| 66 63 | 65 
Number of scales in transverse series .....--.- 21 UG ee 
{ 


18. SURUGA Jordan and Snyder. 


Suruga JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (fundicola). 

Body moderately elongate, covered with rather large, finely ctenoid 
deciduous scales; head large, not depressed; the interorbital space 
very narrow; eyes very large, longer than the short, blunt snout; 
cheeks scaleless; mouth rather large, very oblique; the chin promi- 
nent; teeth rather strong; tongue not notched; isthmus broad, the gill 
openings not continued forward below; fins all low; dorsal of eight 
spines and 17 to 20 rays; pectorals modearte, without silk-like rays; 
ventrals well developed. 

Small plainly colored gobies inhabiting considerable depths in the 
sandy bays; allied to Adoma, but with the long soft dorsal and anal of 
Acanthogobius, and having the eyes larger than in any of the shore 
species. 

(Suruga, name of the bay where especially abundant; Japanese, 
suru, stork; ga, good; the bay of the good stork.) 


38. SURUGA FUNDICOLA Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 37 in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 32 in head; 
eye 24; snout 4; maxillary 24; D. VIII-18; A. 16; P. 21; scales im 
lateral series about 41, in transverse series about 12. 

Head deeper and broader than body. Eye notably large; directed 
obliquely upward; interorbital space very narrow, the eyes nearly 
meeting above. Snout short; its length about equal to distance from 
anterior edge of orbit to posterior edge of pupil. Mouth large; 
oblique. Maxillary concealed except at its posterior end, extending 
to a vertical through pupil. Jaws equal. Teeth in narrow bands-on 
both jaws, not close-set, simple; those of outer series of upper jaw 
much enlarged; the corresponding ones of lower jaw slightly enlarged. 
Tongue thick, rather broad, round anteriorly. Gill openings broad 


ee 


oe FY 


no.1244.0 GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 97 


but not extending a forward. No papillas on inner cies of shoulder 
girdle. Gill-rakers long and very slender, 3+-8 on first arch. No 
barbels on jaw. 

Head naked; body, except part of nape, region anterior to pectorals, 
and breast covered with finely ctenoid scales, the rough edge of which 
is easily effaced; a triangular patch of small round scales extending 
forward on nape. The scales are easily displaced, nearly all of our 
specimens having them entirely removed. 

Spines of dorsal long; slender, filamentous at tips, when depressed 
reaching insertion of soft dorsal: rays somewhat shorter than the 


a yyy? 5 
OB 


SS 


Fic. 20.—SURUGA FUNDICOLA. 


spines. Anal inserted below third or fourth dorsal ray; extending 
posteriorly as far as the dorsal, both reaching base of caudal. Pectorals 
rounded; the upper edge w ithout filaments. Caudal pointed. Ventrals 
long, free posteriorly. 

Color dusky above; darker on snout; 6 or 7 indefinite dusky spots 
on sides: fins dusky. 

Type No. 49744, U. 5S. N. M. Co-type No. 6456, Leland Stanford 
Junior University Museum, dredged at a depth of 65 fathoms, station 
3745, off Sagami, by the United States Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross. 

We have examined very many specimens from Suruga Bay, Mats 1 
shima, Owari Bay, and from the coast of Sagami. All are from sandy 
bottom at a depth of 40 to 80 fathoms. 

(Fundus, bottom; colo, inhabit.) 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——7 ' 


98 PROCEEDINGS OF THK NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements of Suruga fundicola. 


henge th inimulllim Cters) eens eaetee oe eee 63 54 54] 50 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length-.---. 18 16 Ly 16 
Depthroficaudalipedunicle sas: -sseeeeeee eee Stet) i i a 7k 
Tene thiof ead ecacke seset ee eeeeecs eee a ees 27 26 26 | 26 
engthvotisnoute sea: seeerieene seers eee eee | 7 5 6 6 
enethrotamexalilanyeseese ee cece eee eee 10 10 LOY atl 
Width: of interorbitalispacesn-ascseeeeaes= seer ue 1 ik 1 
Diameterolorbity- == -wasssee eee ee eee 92) 92} 103) 11 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal......-.-- 33 32 36 | 33 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal. ........--- 52 52 54 | 52 
Height of longest dorsal spines.......-.--.---- ye celey, ales ee ak a) - 
Height of longest dorsal rays...-:.--------2---|----=- iB). al6) 3 
Distance from snout to anal fin.......--------- 58 58 58 | 56 
Height of longest anal rays .........-.-.------- 13 | 8 13 3 
Length of caudal peduncle. .-....-..--.-:----- jo 10 43 | 14 
Eengthyoricaldailitin’ ss: asses sae ems eae ee | 4°25 24 26 | 25 
Rene thivofpectoral fimee-e en oe eee ene eee PE ese 22 
benpthiofivenitrall tin: Sees -sse- etme esa 22 - 20 21 || 420 
Numiberlof dorsallspinesass-c-eeeee esac eceeeee 8 | 8 | 8 8 
Numibenofidorsaléravst=.-sascaseee cea seen 19) 18 ape aly/ 
Numberotanaliraysts: cess essere oer eee [| SSMS S17 TGs {he ily 

| Number of scalesin lateral seriesa ....-.-.--.- 40 {4 38 | 40 

| Number of scales in transverse series @....-...- 12 10 LOM a aecce 
Locality, Suruga Bay. | 


a Careful estimates only,as the seales had all been displaced,and eyen the scale pouches had in 
some specimens been rubbed off. 


US) INP AIN (IR slOXE KONSVOOTS. (Eau 
Acanthogobius Gi, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859, p. 145 ( flavimanus). 


Body oblong, little compressed, covered with medium-sized rough- 
ish scales; cheeks with small scales; snout rather long, the head 
rounded in profile; mouth moderate, oblique, the jaws about equal, 
the teeth moderate; tongue truncate or very slightly notched; isthmus 
rather broad, the gill openings slightly continued forward below; no 
flaps on shoulder girdle. Dorsal fins rather long, the first of 7 to 9 
slender spines, the second of 14 or 15 soft rays; anal of 12 to 13. 

Species of large size inhabiting the rivers and shores of Japan. The 
genus is near Aboma, differing in the scaly cheeks and longer second 
dorsal. 

(axavia, spine; Gob/us.) 


39. ACANTHOGOBIUS FLAVIMANUS (Schlegel). 


Gobius flavinanus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 141, pl. uxxiv, fig. 1, 
Nagasaki.—BLeEEKER, Ver. Bat. Genootsch., Japan, p. 42.—Gtnruer, Cat. 
Fish., III, 1861, p. 77, after Schlegel.—Isnikawa, Cat. Fish., 1898, p. 38, 
Rikuzen, Yechizo, Hokkaido, Tokyo. 

Acanthogobius flavimanus Git, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 145, Shimoda. 

Head 32 in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 3% in head; 
eye 6; snout 225 maxillary 24; D. VIII-14; A. 12; P. 19; scales in 
lateral series 48, in transverse series 17. 

Body elongate, somewhat cylindrical anteriorly; the caudal peduncle 
compressed. Head large; snout rather blunt. Eyes small, high up, 
directed obliquely; interorbital space concave; distance between eyes 
less than their diameter. Mouth very large, oblique; jaws equal; lips 
broad; maxillary concealed, extending to a vertical through anterior 


a 


No. 1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 99 ; 


part of pupil. Tongue broad, truncate, with but a narrow free 
margin. Teeth simple, small, in narrow bands on both jaws.  Ante- 
rior nostrils with low rims. No barbels. Gill openings not extending 
far forward: the isthmus broad, its width about equal to 1$ times 
diameter of eye. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with a narrow ridge, 
but no papille. Gill-rakers on first arch 3 + 9, short, rather thick. 

Head with scales on upper parts of opercles and cheeks, and on 
occiput; those on cheeks small, round, difficult to detect. Body com 
pletely covered with large ctenoid scales, except on nape and breast, 
where they are small and cycloid; those of breast minute. 

Dorsals separate, the spines slender, when depressed reaching inser- 
tion of second dorsal. Anal inserted below base of third or fourth 
dorsal rays, when depressed reaching posteriorly about as far as the 
dorsal, both touching base of caudal. Pectorals and caudal pointed or 
acutely rounded; upper edge of the former without filaments. Ven- 
trals large; free posteriorly. 

Color light yellowish olive; dusky above; sides with 5 very indis- 
tinct spots; snout rather darker than body.  Dorsals with dusky 
spots arranged in oblique rows; upper two-thirds of caudal with 
zigzag dusky bands; the lower third of fin plain dusky; pectorals 
with a little dark color at base; ventrals and anal with some dark 
color. In some specimens the ventrals and anal have scarcely a trace 
of dark color, while in others they are dusky, often approaching 
black. The latter condition is found to obtain usually in the males, 
although males with light fins and females with dark ones have been 
observed. 

Described from specimens collected at Wakanoura, Kii. 

One of the most abundant fishes of Japan, reaching a length of 200 
to 250 millimeters, and abounding in all sluggish rivers and estuaries. 
We have numerous representatives from Hakodate, Onomichi, 
Kurume, Nagasaki, Wakanoura, Misaki, Matsushima, Aomori, Tokyo, 
Tsuruga, Enoshima, Niigata, and the Yodo River, near Osaka. 

(Flavus, yellow; manus, hand.) 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements of Acanthogobius flavimanus. 


| 

| Tokyo Bay. Nagasaki, Hizen. 
Leng thinimillimeters.--=--s4seeee ee ee DSi) 143) | W323) Sea 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length --.-. 18 1 US) aly/ 20] 18 
Mepthiot caudalipeduncle ss sees seeeae = Se ie 9! 0) 9 10 91! 10 2 
Length of headatesc. occ ce ae nae eee eee 28 28 28 26 28 | 28 
Mength of Snoutiee 2s. scce sae see eee eee 10 10 10 10 103) “11 
Lensth of maxillary) 22. ee emeee ieee ee se 103; +10 104 10 10} 10 
Width ofinterorbitalsspacesa. eee sces=s ase v2 2 2 2 2 2 
Diameter obonbitiea-sconecmosese toa eee eens D 5 5 6 Del 6 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal ....-.-- 35 34 B4t 33 36 | 36 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal ........---- 5D id 531! bd 56 | 56 
Height of longest dorsal spines ......--------- 14 133) a3 ail TBS | als) 
Height of longest dorsal rays ......----------- 13 14 13 12 123} 12 
Distance from snout to anal fin........-...--- 60} 58 60 583} 62) 59 
Height of longest anal rays..--....---- 2a eee Le Lei eee ibe | b 103} 113 
Length of caudal pedunele -...-..---.---.-.- 21 Za wLOU 22 21 | 223 
Mem eth Ose CANT O)ininleres a= ees ee ee eee 26 24 27 21 POD || BR} 
Length of pectoral fin 20 19} 20 16 18} 18 
Length of ventral fin.-.....--... 19 JUSTE atgig)) ale! 15 | 18 
Number of/dorsallispimes 2. ece = ee eee 8 8 | 8 | 8 8 8 
Nimmiberon dorsal raya sec seams eee eee eee 14 14) 14 14 14| 14 
Nimmibeérofanalimaiyseses--c- ss oe seeee es eeeeee a Wy |) 1 12 i) | wake 
Number of scales in lateral series. .......----- 44 48 47 | 48 50 | 50 
Number of scales in transverse series. ....-.-- |e BLS id | + 16 7A, tS 

| | 


+. 21.—SAGAMIA RUSSULA. 


20. SAGAMIA Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 


Sagamia JoRDAN and SyypeEr, new genus (russulus. ) 

This genus agrees with Acunthogobéus in nearly all respects, differing 
in the presence of free silky rays on the pectorals, as in Grobius, Ptero- 
gobius, and Chasmias. Japanese. 

(Name from Sagami Bay.) 


40. SAGAMIA RUSSULA Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
Head 3% in length; depth 5 


+; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; 
eye 33; snout 33; maxillary 23; 


3 
2: D. VIII-15; A. 14; P. 21; scales in 
lateral series 54, in transverse series 16. 

Body rather lone, somewhat cylindrical, a little less wide than deep, 
caudal peduncle deep. Eyes very large, rather oblong, directed 
upward, nearer tip of snout than posterior edge of opercle a distance 
equal to one-half their diameter; interorbital space very narrow, 
slightly concave. Snout blunt; nostrils with slight rims, the anterior 
of which is the higher; width of preorbital area equal to diameter of 
pupil. Jaws subequal, the lower just included; maxillary extending 
toa vertical midway between pupil and anterior edge of eye; concealed 
beneath preorbital except at its distal end. No barbels. Tongue very 


No.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 101 


broad, the anterior edge concave. Teeth on jaws in 2 rows; the outer 
ones enlarged; the inner ones minute; a strong canine on each side of 
lower jaw curving backward. Gill opening extending above to upper 
edge of base of pectoral; the width of isthmus equal to diameter. of 
eye. No projection on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers on 
first arch 2+ 11; slender; the length of the longest about equal to 
diameter of pupil. Cheeks with + rows of elevated mucous pores; the 
first just below the eye; the third, branched posteriorly, joining the 
fourth and curving upward around the anterior edges of the first and 
second; a double row along the lower and posterior edges of preopercle, 
extending forward on lower jaw; 2 rows on opercle; one extending 
downward, and the other backward from its upper anterior angle; a 
row running backward from eye, above opercle to upper edge of gill 
opening; a conspicuous pore above and between the nostrils; rows of 
minute pores on upper part of snout. 

Head, except snout, lower jaw, throat, and opercle, except its upper 
part, with eycloid scales. Body with rather small, finely ctenoid scales. 

Dorsal fins separate; the spines not elongate; the longest contained 
twice in head; rays a little shorter than spines. Anal inserted below 
third or fourth dorsal ray; the depressed fin extending as far poste- 
riorly as does the dorsal, both falling far short of base of caudal. 
Caudal acutely rounded. Pectorals pointed; reaching a vertical 
through insertion of soft dorsal; the upper edge with 4 or 5 slender 
filaments. Ventrals free posteriorly; extending to a point as far 
before vent as the insertion of anal is behind. 

Color in spirits soiled white; upper parts with dark spots and reticu- 
lations: sides with 7 or 8 dark spots, indistinct anteriorly, better 
defined posteriorly; the last of the series at base of caudal fin, very 
prominent; a small spot on upper part of base of pectoral; 8 poorly 
defined, oblique lines on sides of head, the posterior one on opercle; 
the anterior one running forward and downward from eye. Spinous 
dorsal with a dark spot near ends of last two spines; with 3 longitudinal 
rows of dark spots; soft dorsal with 4 longitudinal rows of dark spots; 
anal edged with dusky; upper part of caudal with vertical, wavy, 
dark bands; pectorals and ventrals suffused with dusky. In life bluish 
olive; the lateral spots rather bright brick red with darker centers. 

Described from Type No. 6457, Leland Stanford Junior University 
Museum. Locality, Misaki, Sagami, Japan. 

Specimens from Nagasaki are much lighter in color, though pre- 
serving in an indefinite way the general markings of the type. The 
spinous dorsals have 2 dark spots, one situated anteriorly, the other 
posteriorly. 

We have many specimens from Misaki, Wakanoura, and Nagasaki. 
It is one of the commonest species found in the clear waters of the 
bays; never in the rivers. 

(Russulus, reddish.) 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements of Sagamia russula. 


Misaki, 


Soper Nagasaki, Hizen. 
i = i— =e a 
Length in millimeters .............2..2-2- 61| 53| 63| 63| 64| 62| 58| 57] 47) 44 
| Depth expressed in hundredthsoflength.| 16) 16) 18| 16) 15} 16) 17 | 16 | 16} 18 
| Depth of eaudal peduncle..........-...-. 9| 9}| 10] 10] 10 9} 10} 10 ey ees 
| elensthiothes die esen< oe sanseseoceeeee 30| 31 1 0 ah CoA any 30 | 30 | 28 29 | 30 
eldenethy oben outseeme syne pm naa Weegee LOM P98) M94) SHRASekesOr le PSM, poe aaa ins 
| Width of interorbital space............--- EY) OM SD iy 2 2 2 2 BP 
Diaimetecomorbiten ss -cense ess aans een Sil hakGell S|) GeSiibreSuly a Os(tee sale. 0Gnlheameea eer 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal....| 34 | 37] 36| 33] 383] 36| 35] 34] 35] 36 
Distanee from snout to soft dorsal...-.--. 55 | 55] 56) 541 53) 55) 56) | 154). 5251566 
Height of longest dorsal spines. .--------- DB) S'S) SLB 2 A SG sel) Steel Gel lez ale 
Height of longest dorsal rays...--.-.----- DSA As Gay 1G 13 o|e 14s) S15 PGS Ss | el6 
Distance from snout to anal fin...-....-.- 58} 56 | 57] 57) 56] 58] 59) 59) 58] 58 
Height of longest anal rays-:.....--.----- LO) LOC LON CLO ast Ll eZee elas tal 
Length of caudai pedunele........-.------ TS 20M) QT a OM ee ie econ ai eecdan te) 
ene thor caudeallein=ses a2 252-2. see QL) 28s (220) S208 ee Oe ee 2 eee nee 
ene thiotpectoralitimes==-- ses eee sae sees D2 2D DADA OSes 2b ak 2 2ell le eve setae [ioe 
Length of ventral fin... -- Gee saalte Bak. ee LON R208) 22 315205) 19a) V2 Bie PON esos ee Oe 
Number of dorsal spines. ..-..------------ emculh ens Suites 8.| 8 8 8 8| 8 
INEM Deron dordalluntysese es. sec meee aoe Salley |) walleye) ales! 159 |) Loa elon bs wos s eae 
Numberoteamnalltraysteeten asses eens 14 140) 13.) 14 HES be alee I als} 13 14 | 14 
Numiberiof pectoralraivse-225--s-caese ee 21 DOAN QT Boel 208) 04 ONO ee OOm oD 
Number of scales in lateral series.....--.- ISI |) 49) 581! 4) 255 oi) obs 55m pile 
Number of scales in transverse series. - --- LE E916 PLS a Fa Sua Ae SG al elite 
| | | | | 


ZAC NGIN Es ClO EOS TUS Gaile 
Synechogobius GiLu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 266 (hasta). 

This genus seems to be closely allied to Acanthogobius, differing in 
the more elongate body and fins and in the naked head. From Gob/o- 
nellus, an American genus of similar form, it differs in the presence 
of 8 or 9 dorsal spines. The single known species is Japanese. 

(ovvéyo, repeat; Gobius, the form repeating the elongate body and 
lanceolate caudal of Gobionellus.) 

41. SYNECHOGOBIUS HASTA (Schlegel). 
Gobius hasta SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Fishes, p. 144, pl. uxxv, fig. 1, Nag- 
asaki.—GiintHeER, Cat. Fishes, III, 1861, p. 78, Japan. 

Head 54 in length; depth 10; D. VIII-20; A. 17; P. 29. 

Body elongate; caudal peduncle long and slender. Eyes small; 
high up; interorbital width equal to vertical diameter of eye. Snout 
rather long; pointed; jaws equal; mouth oblique. Maxillary extend- 
ing to a vertical through anterior edge of orbit. Teeth in bands, the 
outer ones slightly enlarged. Head naked; no barbels. Body with 
rather large scales. 

Dorsals separate; the spines slender, their tips filamentous; when 
depressed not reaching insertion of soft dorsal. Anal inserted below 
base of fourth dorsal ray; when depressed, reaching about as far 
posteriorly as does the dorsal, neither fin touching base of caudal. 
Caudal pointed. Pectoral pointed; its upper edge without filaments. 
Ventrals free posteriorly. 

Color brownish green; pectoral, anal, and lower part of caudal suf- 
fused with brownish red; soft dorsal with elongate dusky spots in 
longitudinal rows. (Schlegel.) 

Nagasaki, not seen by us. 


(/fasta, « dart). 


No. 1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 103 


22. PARACH ZTURICHTHYS Bleeker. 
Parachxturichthys Burexer, Archives Néerl., 1874, p. 325 (polynemus). 


Body moderately elongate, covered with rather large, ctenoid scales; 
head rounded in profile, not depressed above, the eyes close together; 
cheeks scaly; mouth moderate, oblique, the chin not very prominent; 
teeth moderate, simple; chin with many small barbels on each side along 
the ramus of the lower jaw; dorsal fins short, the rays about VI-11. 
Caudal pointed with a black ocellus at base above; pectorals pointed, 
without silk-like rays; ventrals united, not adnate to the belly. 
Isthmus broad, the gill openings not continued forward below. 

One species, in the Japanese and Indian seas. 

(rapa, near; Chaeturichthys.) 


42. PARACHZ2TURICHTHYS POLYNEMUS Bleeker. 
Chaturichthys polynema BuEEKrr, Verh. Batav. Genoots., X XV, Japan, p. 44, fig. 4, 
Nagasaki. 
Gobius polynema GinrTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 46, China, Madras. 

Head 4 in length; depth 54; depth of caudal peduncle 2} in head; 
eye 34; snout 38; maxillary 23; D.VI-11; A. 10; P. 22; scales in lateral 
series 28, in transverse series 9. 

30dy elongate, somewhat compressed; caudal peduncle deep, much 
compressed. Head broader than body, but a little less deep. Snout 
blunt. Eye large, the upper edge projecting slightly above dorsal 
contour of head; interorbital area concave; the space between. the 
eyes equal to their vertical diameter. Mouth oblique; Jaws equal. 
Maxillary entirely concealed, extending posteriorly to a vertical 
through center of pupil. Tongue rather narrow, rounded anteriorly. 
Teeth simple, in narrow bands on both jaws, the outer ones slightly 
enlarged; no canines. Gill opening not extending far forward; width 
of isthmus equal to diameter of eye. Inner edge of shoulder girdle 
without papille. Gill-rakers 3+ 10, rather shortand blunt. Anterior 
nostril with a low tube. Lower jaw with a row of slender barbels 
along under sides of rami; branchiostegal region with barbels. 

Cheeks, occiput, interorbital space, and posterior part of snout 
with cycloid scales. Body everywhere covered with large scales, 
those on nape and anterior under parts cycloid, the others finely 
etenoid. 

Dorsal fins separate; the spinous dorsal when depressed not reaching 
insertion of soft dorsal; the rays longer posteriorly. Anal inserted 
below base of second or third dorsal ray; its rays when depressed 
reaching as far posteriorly as do those of the dorsal, both touching 
bases of caudal rays. Caudal pointed. Pectoral pointed, its upper 
edge without filaments. Ventrals rather short; free posteriorly. 

Body with considerable dusky color, a little lighter below than 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


above. Fins dusky, growing darker toward the edges; caudal with 
a conspicuous, black, oval spot about as large as eye on upper half; 
the spot surrounded by a lighter border. 

Described from a specimen from Wakanoura. Representatives from 
other localities show no important differences. 

The species may be recognized at once among Japanese gobies by 
the large, oval, black spot on the upper half of the caudal fin. 

Our collections include individuals from Tsuruga, Kobe, Nagasaki, 
Wakanoura, Hiroshima, and Onomichi. The species is generally 
common ia Southern Japan and grows to a length of 150 millimeters. 

(zoAvs, many: v7ua, thread.) 


Measurements of Paracheturichthys polynemus. 


| 
| pee | Wakanoura, Kii. 
| | 
| 

Length expressed in millimeters.........--.-. 100 90} 85] 95 | 78 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length ..-. 20 TEE}! AISI They | at 

| Depthiot caudalipedumelesess sss. ee eee 13 ih ale 1} 1 

| beng thot head tis. eee ees seen esas Reson Dials Soule eed 24 | 25 

|) “ils emote O i Sin OU ese eee eet ee 62 6 5L Gl 5 
LEME a Onane MEAT oa oecncocnseeccaaasesesse LOWS 10 10} 10} 93 
Width of interorbital space ........::---..-=-- 3a 2 3 | 3 22 
DiIMeteror OLDlbEseseseen eee eee eee 74 7 7 7 7 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal -...---- Bi) Bal BB] BRR) St 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal .........--- Sani D4 w25/-- b2) De 
Height of longest dorsal spines .........-.---- LP BLS EM) C2U pera elim ail ill 
Height of longest dorsal rays ........-.------- LS|\te LON LORS SOM Le 
Distance from snout to anal fin ....-......---- 59 | 59] 57] 56] 58 
Height or longestiamaliravs!s222ens- seas GS) ALOT SON esa eels 
Length of caudal peduncle.................. |) 4238 || e2Sal 2k ei O3a eae 
Ievareiianonaccehivo ileal, Meso e ee sak aes LOR e ee | 363} 41] 44) 43) 38 
Meng thbotmpectora lim: ss eene Neen swe 27 P| ail) BO ie 
Memeahawo bey emubenl tines pre rs en rere meee eee 18 Ug) als aig) vale 
Numiberiofl dorsal spimes! s-s.maaess-2 aeons | 6 6 6 6) ab 
Numiberor dorsallmanyss oa) aoe ae a ae aa {peal TOUS vats ality) ab 
Niamibenoianalinsiy Shee se oe scans eee aaa LOW 10 10 LOsi, 10 
Number of scales in lateral series ......-.----- Np eevee es) 28 28)|| 27 
Number of scales in transverse series ...-.-..-- io) | 9 | 9 Se ees 

i) 


73), Clsb4ad IMO IVC IMatNGsy Inui larziceleoral 
Cheturichthys RrcHarpson, Voyage Sulphur, 1844, p. 55 (stigmatias). 
Amblycheturichthys BuEnker, Archives Néerl., 1874, p. 324 (hexanemus). 
~ Body moderately elongate, covered with moderate-sized cycloid 
scales, which fall readily; head broad, rounded in profile, the eyes 
close together, the cheeks scaly; mouth moderate, oblique; the teeth 
pointed, medium; tongue truncate; isthmus narrow, the gill openings 
continued well forward below; lower jaw with 3 small barbels on 
either side. Dorsal fins long of 8 slender spines and 14 to 25 rays. 
Caudal more or less pointed, with shorter rays at base above and 
below; pectorals pointed, without silky rays. 
Species few, mostly Japanese. Large gobies of dull coloration, 
chiefly of the seas of Japan and China. 
(yairn, bristle; ovpa, tail; iy4vs, fish, from the short marginal rays 
of the caudal. ) 
a. Cheturichthys: Dorsal rays VIII-22; anal 19; scales 57-14; caudal long and 
pointed; spinous dorsal with a large black spot..-.--.---.----: stigmatias. 48 
aa. Amblycheturichthys. Dorsal rays VIII-15 to 17; anal 18 or 14; scales 35 to 40; 
caudal shorter. 


No. 1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 105 


hb. Dorsal rays VITI-17; scales 89-15; color soiled olive without distinct markings; 

Tinshaorsal without distinen Dlackispot!- 2-22 6 S222 25 52222 hevanemus. 44 
bb. Dorsal rays VITI-15; scales 35-10; color olivaceus; a large black ocellus on 
SL OMTAVOT (GK ASEM oes Se ees eee SS ee ne ar ae en aS sctistius. 45 


43. CHAETURICHTHYS STIGMATIAS Richardson. 


Chieturichthys stigmatias Ricnarpson, Voy. Sulphur, 1844, p.55, locality uncertain— 
JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1901, p. 764, Tsushima. 
Gobius stigmatias Génxtner, Cat. Fish., ITT, 1861, p. 78, from Richardson’s type. 


Head 32 in length; depth 7; depth of caudal peduncle 47 in head; 
eye 44; snout 34; maxillary 2; D. VIII-22; A. 19; P. 24; scales in 
lateral series about 57, in transverse series about 14. 

Body elongate posteriorly, the dorsal and ventral contours sloping 
gradually to the caudal peduncle, which is narrow and compressed. 
Head large; wider than body; the width equal to distance from tip of 
snout to posterior border of eye. 

Eyes high in head; oblong; directed obliquely upward, more of the 
eye being visible when viewed from above than when seen from the 
side. Interorbital space slighty concave. Mouth large; oblique; 
lower jaw projecting somewhat beyond the upper; lips thin; maxillary 
extending to a perpendicular through middle of pupil; entirely con- 
cealed beneath a pendulous dermal fold of the suborbital. Tongue 
broad; concave anteriorly. Teeth in 2 rows on each jaw; slender, 
pointed and curved; those in outer row stronger and fang-like. Gill 
opening extending far forward, the isthmus narrow. Three large 
papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill rakers on first arch 
3+ 11; long and slender. Lower jaw with 3 barbels on each side, the 
distance between them equal to the diameter of the orbit; anterior 
barbel shorter and thicker than the others. ; 

Occiput, opercles, and preopercles with small, round, smooth scales, 
scarcely or not at all imbricated. Body with cycloid scales, small near 
the head, growing larger posteriorly. 

Dorsal fins separate; the first 6 spines evenly spaced, the others 
farther apart. When depressed the fin does not extend to insertion 
of soft dorsal. Dorsal rays growing higher from before backward; 
when depressed, reaching base of upper caudal rays. Anal inserted 
below base of third dorsal ray; the rays not reaching so far posteriorly 
when depressed as do those of the dorsal. Caudal long, pointed, with 
short accessory rays above and below (hence the name ** Chaturich- 
thys”); short dorsal and ventral rays of the fin growing far forward on 
the caudal peduncle. Pectorals pointed, extending to vent. Ventrals 
free from body posteriorly, extending to a point below base of seventh 
dorsal spine. ; 

Body without distinctive color markings. Spinous dorsal with a large 
black spot cn its posterior border. Soft dorsal, caudal, and pectorals 


106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


with indistinct dark wavy markings. Ventrals and anal without dark 
markings except a little dusky on posterior border of the latter. 

This species, the habitat of which was heretofore unknown, is rep- 
resented in our collection by 2 poorly preserved specimens obtained 
by P. L. Jouy at Sasuna, island of Tsushima, Japan. Richardson’s 
specimens collected by the Sw/phur were in a bottle labeled ‘‘ Southern 
Pacific,” but Richardson observes, *‘As the bottle held several species 
from the China Sea, there appears some doubt as to the native place 
of the fish.” It probably came from China. 

(or1ty watias, branded. ) 


Measurements of Cheturichthys stigmatias. 


Heng than millimMeters|s-ecseee esse eee ee == 19 “92 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length --.-- 15 15 
Depth of caudal pedunele’.... 2-2-2 22-2. 25-2 6 | 5 
hength ot Neadl =. 2.5 Sere cose se ee eee 29 27 
Hengthhorsnoiteses. --pee rere eee eae a eee 9 | 8 
Width of interorbitali spaces... .--sess. see. - z 42 
Didmeteronorbiti se 2.45.50 saat eee 6 | 6 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal ...-.-.- Bel BB) 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal. .......----- 52 51 
Height of longest dorsal spines ....-.-----..--- Sa eile 
Height of longest dorsal rays .........---.---- 14 12 
Distance from snout to anal fin.............-- On| eee 
Height of lonvest analimayss..ossceese-2 se ace U3 fe yl ll 
Length of caudal peduncle ...............---- 16 16 
ens thiomeaua wm tines sac see eee eee eee 32 23 
ene thiorpectoraligims seaan- 20 see nee eee 24 23 
Lene thvorventralcimies s-eesens see Be pe een AG) || ket 
INumiberof dorsalispiness. <2-2 5-592 seeee ase: 8 | 8 
INtimiber-on dorsal nay Siseser eoeeenieee eee eee Se = Oil 
Niamber oianaliravss sce aaesteee oe eee Oe 20) 
NUMber OF PECtOral MAYS eee weee nese eee eee 24 2 
Number of scales in lateral series..........-.- a57 | a50 
Number of scales in transverse series .......-- al4| al4 


a The above counts are only approximately correct, the specimens being so poorly preserved that 
but few of the scales remain in place. 


44. CHAE TURICHTHYS HEXANEMUS (Bleeker). 

Cheturichthys hecanema BureKer, Verh. Batay. Genootsch., XXV, Japan, p. 435, 
Nagasaki—Giit, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1859, p. 16, Shimoda— 
JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 372, Lake Biwa. 

Gobius heranema GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 77; after Bleeker. 

Head 3% in length; depth 54; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; 
eye 44; snout 33, maxillary 22; D. VIII-17; A. 14; P. 23; scales in 
lateral series 39, in transverse series 15. 

Body thick-set. Snout blunt. Eyes high in head, directed obliquely 
upward, nearer tip of snout than to posterior end of opercular flap a 
distance equal to their diameter; width of interorbital space equal to 
diameter of pupil. Anterior nostril with a slight rim. Mouth large, 
oblique; lower jaw slightly projecting. Maxillary entirely concealed 
beneath preorbital; extending posteriorly to a vertical through a point 
midway between pupil and anterior edge of orbit. Lower jaw with 
3 pairs of slender barbels; each of the anterior pair ineerted on either 
side of a large pore at angle of lower jaw; others just posterior, at 
intervals equal to diameter of orbit. Teeth on jaws in bands, bristle. 
like; outer ones slightly enlarged; no canines. Gill openings extend- 


5 


no.124. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. LOW 


ing far forward below; the isthmus narrow. No protuberances on 
inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers on first arch i4, slender. 

Head, except anterior part of snout, lower jaw, and throat, with 
ctenoid scales; body with large ctenoid scales. 

Dorsals separate; the height of longest spines contained about 3 
times in length of head, rays somewhat longer; spinous dorsal when 
depressed just reaching insertion of soft dorsal; the latter touching 
bases of upper caudal rays. Anal inserted below base of fifth dorsal 
ray; posterior rays longest, not extending so far posteriorly when 
depressed as do those of dorsal. Caudal and pectorals pointed; the 
latter without filaments on upper edge. Ventrals free posteriorly. 

Color dusky olive; sides with a row of 5 dark spots; the posterior 
ones, especially that at base of caudal most conspicuous. Fins dusky; 
the ventrals with a wide, light, posterior border. 

Here described from a specimen 130 millimeters long from Nagasaki. 

We have specimens from Tsuruga, Owari Bay, Aomori, Tokyo, 
Matsushima, Mororan, Hakodate, and Nagasaki. The species is 
extremely common throughout Japan, in all bays and estuaries. — It 
reaches a length of 150 to 200 millimeters. It is called Akahaze or red 
Goby. 

(€&, six; v7pua, thread.) 


Measurements of Cheturichthys heranemas. 


ene thm maiMmeters: oon ase Sons Soe kete | 134 127 115 | 951] 90 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length... .- 20 19| 18 yet), 20 
Depth of caudal peduncle... -.s5-----.2--2----- 10 10 93 10 | 10 
[Mere thio thie deems era tie gi eegtae cnn L868 la B52!) --96'| 962!) 97 
hens THsOL SNOUte see eee oer eee eee acco oe 7 73) 7A ZA\ ex 
ihenpihrohane allay ere secs. can Seek aneneses 10} 102 11} 103) 10 
Width of interorbital space........-...-----.-: 23 22 2 23 2 
DiInMEeterOmorbltee uss. sock a Stace one 7 62 7 | 72; 8 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal... .-..-- 34 382|. od 32/135 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal...........-- 52 522 54 522) 53 
Height of longest dorsal spines.........------- 132 13 1S: 13 
Height of longest dorsal rays. --....----.--.--- 163 163/15 14} 15 
Distance from snout to anal fin......-..--..--- le ecb98 |) 59 59 | 593] 60 
Height of longest anal rays......-..:-.-------- 18 163 16 15 | 16 
engthotcaudal pedunele.. 2250222562. c52 252 221 22, DIE 22. 
mene thoucwudall fine soo. see woe o ene, [P (SEG SBM ae 30 | 26 
Length of pectoral fin......... ie a bare ee ee 19} 182 18 19 | 20 
Mengimonventualufine sis. osteo eee iI7f anally) Sih GES ake 
Number of dorsalispines. 252.222 oeicie sie oes 8 | 8 8 8 8 
Nuntberfordorsal rays. 222525 see. a SI Oil eee lr VA 17 17 
Nimberonanalirsdiys, = is iieen 2s ies eee Be 13 14 14 13 14 
Number of scales in lateral series. ............. 42 | 46 42 40 13 
Number of scales in transverse series..........| 16) 16 15 1 ees 
Locality, Nagasaki. | 


45- CHAE TURICHTHYS SCIISTIUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 33 in length; depth 54; depth of caudal peduncle 2% in head; 
eye 3; snout 4; maxillary 24; D. VIII-15; A.12; P. 20; scales in 
lateral series 32, in transverse series 10. 

Shape like that of C. hewanemus. Eye very large, the diameter 
greater than length of snout; directed obliquely upward; interorbital 
space narrow. Mouthoblique. Maxillary entirely concealed; extend- 
ing toa perpendicular through posterior part of pupil. Lips thin. 
Tongue truncate anteriorly. Teeth simple, in 2 rows on each jaw, 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


those of the outer row slightly enlarged, extending farther back on 
jaw than do those of inner row; no canines. Gill opening extending 
far forward; the isthmus narrow. No protuberances on inner edge of 
shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers on first arch ++ 13, very long and slen- 
der. Anterior nostril with a low rim. Lower jaw with 3 slender 
barbels on each side of inner edge. 

Head with scales on opercles, preopercles, and on nape; other parts 
naked. Body with large cycloid scales. 

Dorsal fins separate; spines slender; the filamentous tips projecting 
slightly beyond the membrane; the fin when folded just touching 
insertion of second dorsal; posterior rays of anal longest; reaching, 
when depressed, a little bevond bases of first upper caudal rays. Anal 
inserted below base of third or fourth dorsal ray; posterior rays much 
longer than the anterior ones; reaching almost as far backward when 
depressed as do those of the dorsal. Caudal pointed. Pectoral with- 
out free filaments on its upper edge; pointed posteriorly. Ventrals 
long; free posteriorly. 


iG. 22.—CHHTURICHTHYS SCIISTIUS. 


Color in spirits yellowish white; sides with 5 or 6 very indistinct 
dusky spots, the most posterior of which is near base of anal; dorsal 
surface of body and upper part of head with a little dusky color. 
Spinous dorsal with a broad black blotch on posterior part; the dark 
area preceded by 2 or 8 rows of white spots; anterior part of fin 
dusky; soft dorsal dusky; with 2 narrow longitudinal light bands. 
Anal with 5 or 6 vertical zigzag dusky bands about equal in width to 
their light interspaces. Anal dusky. Pectorals and ventrals without 
light color. 

Type No. 6458, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 
Locality, Hakodate, Hokkaido. 

This species differs from (C. hewanemus in having fewer dorsal and 
anal rays and larger scales. It is ighter in color, has a conspicuous 
black spot on spinous dorsal, and is smaller in, size. Some of our 
specimens were obtained offshore at a depth of 14 to 18 fathoms. 

We have the species from Tsuruga, Owari Bay, Aomori, Tokyo, 


se 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 109 


Matsushima, Mororan, and Hakodate. It is found on sandy bottoms 
in rather deep water, and apparently rather to the northward. 
/ . > 
(ox.a, shadow; torior, sail, fin.) 


Measurements of Cheturichthys sciistius. 


ae So yare Hakodate, 
DRT eS: Hokkaido. 
| j 
Menothin millimeters:..2.cee2c-- 2 -co-ceee ees | 47 47 17 46 45 | 67 | 71 | 70 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length...-| 18 | 20 20 19 20 20 | 18} 19 
Depth of caudal peduncle ....-........-..-...- | 9 | 9 9 8 8 8 | 9 8 
Meneinion DCaG se ses ..scl sas sence d eset s antes WG ts BS 28 | 26 28 28 | 7 26 
bene UNO SMOUGs sce, e rm sao = ce Ae -| 7 63 6 63 7 7 7 7 
bene tbiok maxillaryiss- ce. 22 5/4 ~ crt. 255 < Se | peulea tee Oca peel es cL 12 ial erik 12 
Width of interorbital space..............-..- 2] 2 | 2 2 2 1t i D 
Dinmeter Ororpitses-cs-- sae ok kok eee sees 9 9 9 9 10 8 8 8 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal .....-- 36 od 36} 3 36 Bia) Rind!) Bie 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal .........-. 56 54] 56 55 57 By |) aby ais 
Height of longest dorsal spines..............) 14 | 16 15 14 16 16) 152 15 
Height of longest dorsal rays .......-----.--- 19 S16 19 19 | 162 17 | 16>) 16% 
Distance from snout to anal fin..........-... 59 | 60 61 58 62 62 622 59 
Height of longest anal rays...........-.---.-- US laces Jo Sib)! vally eee see als | GT eG 
Length of caudal peduncle.~..........-..--.- 23 22 22h 422, 20 21) 20")\) 22 
Eno hOMCAUGAlMNAS se. Ala. owaee esse tee laos 30 98 31 27 32) 3 28 
bensthy Or pectoral fin) — 2a... 3-42 shee = oe 22 22 e 20) 21 23 23 22))|| 22: 
Menrethiot-ventrall fin-22 02s.) Se ee DO). Fe | 2a 22 22 22 1 2 
Numberot dorsal spimes;s...5- 3. s-<<..=-225-=6- 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 
INMIMIDER OMG Orsay Tavs). = 85.52 --ssescce0cec- 5 15 15 15 14 15 15 14 15 
Numberotanalitays's.--cssesessseee- eso 12; 13 13 13 Tee | eeltcs ay alee 
Number of scales in lateral series.........--- Boa saaleaesee 32 | 31 85 | Bi! 36 
Number of scales in transverse series ....-..-- 12 Hes eee 10 12) 10 11} 10 


ey. ATIN@ SUS Jordan anc smycder, nev .enus- 
Aimosus JoRDAN and SNYDER, new genus (geneionemus ). 

This genus is allied to Cheturichthys, differing in the presence of 
about 10 barbels on either side, in the smaller, firmer, and rougher 
scales, the shorter soft dorsal, the free filaments on upper edge of 
pectoral, and in the truncate caudal fin. The isthmus is somewhat 
narrow, as in Cheturichthys, and the tongue is truncate. 

The known species is small and spotted, resembling Ctenogob/us, 
but with more dorsal spines and rays and with the numerous white 
barbels along the lower jaw. 

(A7no, the name of the bearded aborigines of Japan, a lost offshoot 
from the Indo-European race of men.) 


46. AINOSUS GENEIONEMUS (Hilgendorf). 
Gobius gencionema HinGenporr, Sitzgber. Naturf. Freunde, 1879, p. 108, Bay of 
Tokyo, No. 10653, Mus. of Berlin. 

Head 34 in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 8 in head; 
eye 32; snout 34; maxillary 3; D. VIII-16; A. 14; P. 20; scales in 
lateral series 62. 

Body elongate; cylindrical anteriorly. Head large; the snout rather 
sharp. Eyes large; the diameter about equal to length of snout; 
directed obliquely upward. Mouth oblique; jaws equal; maxillary 
entirely concealed; extending to a perpendicular through anterior 
edge of orbit. Teeth simple; in 2 well-separated rows on each jaw; 
the outer row enlarged; notably so in lower jaw where posteriorly 
they assume the shape of canines. Gill openings extending some dis- 


110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


tance forward; the width of isthmus slightly greater than diameter of 
pupil. Gill-rakers on first arch 2+ 9; long and very slender. No 
papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Lower jaw and anterior 
part of throat with about 24 slender barbels; the longest somewhat 
shorter than diameter of pupil. Nostrils with rims, the anterior one 
the higher. Cheeks below eye with 4 rows of minute pores. 

Head naked, except occiput and upper edge of opercle, which have 
small scales. Body completely covered with small ctenoid scales. 

Fins large. Dorsals separate; the spines and rays of about the 
same height; much higher anteriorly than posteriorly; spines, when 
depressed, just reaching insertion of soft dorsal. Anal inserted below 
base of third dorsal ray; the tips of the rays not extending quite so 
far posteriorly as do those of the dorsal, both falling far short of 
base of caudal. Caudal truncate posteriorly; the upper rays slightly 
longer than the lower. Pectoral pointed; the upper edge with fila- 
mentous rays. Ventrals free posteriorly; extending a little beyond 
vent. 

Color in spirits light; 6 or 7 large, dusky spots along middle of 
sides; a row of similar spots below these; upper parts of head and 
body with small, clongate spots, indistinct in outline; suborbital and 
cheeks with 4 oblique, parallel, dusky lines, the anterior extending 
from eye forward and downward. Spinous dorsal with 3 or 4 narrow, 
longitudinal, dusky bands; a large black blotch on the posterior mem- 
branes; soft dorsal with 8 bands similar to those of spinous dorsal. 
Caudal with oblong, dusky spots arranged in 3 or 4 zigzag vertical 
rows. Anal with a white margin, suffused with dusky between margin 
and base. Pectoral somewhat dusky. Ventral without dark color. 

Here described from a small specimen collected at Misaki. 

The species is as yet known only from about Tokyo, in clear water. 
It reaches a small size. Our specimens are from Misaki. 

(vévewor, chin; vAua, thread.) 


Measurements of Ainosus geneionemus. 


Length expressed in millimeters ..........-- | 54 5O Sih || Bay 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length...) 16 17 Ish le" yy 
Depth of caudal peduncle 9 10 9 9 
Length of head ..........-.. OTT 30 30] 31 
Length ofsnout............ 8 10 | 8 8 
hens th-onmaxillarye. ssasese-eeeeess eee 9 92 LO) pe ae 
Width of mterorbital space ccese. sense eee 2 2 2 2 
Diameterior orbit oe se eee eee eee eee 8 8 9 10 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal -- -- . Ta 3 34} 36 37 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal ........-..-. 53 53 Doll ao): 
Height of longest dorsal spines .......-.--.--.- 163 16 17 17 
Height of longest dorsal rays ...............- 173 16 18 20 
Distance from snout to anal fin.............. 56 58 58 | 57 
Height. of longest anal rayse. 7. ..J025-225.--. 12 12 16} 12 
Length of caudal peduncle...............-.-- 22 22 28)1|\ 323 
henge thomedud alstine 2 eae eee ere eae 202 er ZO mos ale oes 
hens ihOMpectoralfmis.o. -.cmeeesaeee oe see 22 23:| 25] 24 
Henpih. Ofsventralliiimese 2455 o.oo eee Cees 20 20 Bole 29) 
Numiber’ob dorsal spinies S222 255.2222 2c2aeece 8 8 | 8 8 
Number of dorsal rays': i. 2. cass -sseee- sees 16 16 als} | al} 
INDI berioi anal tayse. =.= -ssose soe Cee ects 14|/ 14 14 14 
Number of scales in lateral series............ 61} 62 59 | 62 
Number of scales in transverse series......-. “18 L6G Sa | ae 
| 


peer re - 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. Lit 


2m Rulez) N @Ol@ GON Bileeler: 
Trinwopogon BLEEKER, Archives Néerl., 1874, p. 24 (barbatus) . 

This genus is close to 7rdentiger, from which it differs in the pres- 
ence of a conspicuous fringe of barbels, the one series along the sub- 
orbital and preorbital region, another along the edge of the preopercle 
and the rami of the lower jaw to the chin. Body very robust. 

A single known species, from Japan, distinguished from all other 
gobies by the combination of barbels and trifid teeth. 

(rpiaiva, three fork; T@yar, heard.) 


47- TRIZENOPOGON BARBATUS Giinther. 
Trienophorichthys barbatus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., VII, 1861, locality unknown, 
“probably from China;’’ Hasler collection. 
Tridentiger barbatus StEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., VIII, 1879, p. 33, ‘‘Celebes or the 
Philippines.”’ 
Head 3 in length: depth 34; depth of caudal peduncle 22 in head; 
eye. 6%; snout 33; maxillary 2; D. VI-11; A. 10; scales in lateral 
series 36, in transverse series 14. 


FIG. 23.—TRIENOPOGON BARBATUS. 


Body stout; caudal peduncle deep, compressed. Head large, much 
broader than the body; cheek muscles bulging out conspicuously. 
Snout short, blunt. Mouth broad, somewhat oblique; jaws equal; 
distal part of maxillary exposed, extending much farther posteriorly 
than cleft of mouth, reaching a vertical passing a little beyond poste- 
rior edge of orbit. Tongue broad, rounded anteriorly. 

Teeth of jaws in 2 series, the outer ones of upper jaw placed 
alternately in 2 rows; trilobed; the middle lobe much the highest, the 
inner ones in a single row, simple, small; the teeth of lower jaw in 2 
rows; the outer trilobed; the inner simple, small; no canines. 

Gill openings confined to the sides; the width of isthmus about equal 
to depth of caudal peduncle. No papille on inner edge of shoulder 
girdle. Gill-rakers on first arch 2+ 5 short, rather slender. Edge of 
suborbital with a double fringe of barbels which extends on cheek a 


1412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


short distance beyond eye; lower jaw with 2 rows of barbels, which 
extend upward along edge of preopercle; opercle with a few scattered 
barbels. A conspicuous flap covering a pore near posterior edge of 
eye. Anterior nostrils with tubes. 

Head naked. Body with rather large ctenoid scales; breast anterior 
to ventrals naked. 

Dorsals separate; the spines when depressed not reaching insertior. 
of soft dorsal; rays higher than the spines, not touching base of caudal 
when depressed. Anal inserted below base of third or fourth dorsal 
ray; the depressed rays reaching as far posteriorly as do those of the 
dorsal. Caudal acutely rounded. Pectoral pointed; the upper edge 
with 1 or 2 filamentous rays. Ventrals free from body posteriorly. 

Color in spirits light olive, with 4 or 5 broad, indistinctly outlined, 
vertical, dusky bars on body; a transverse bar on nape; anterior part 
of head dusky. Spinous dorsal with 2 broad, blackish, oblique bands; 
soft dorsal dusky, with longitudinal rows of indistinct dusky spots; 
caudal very dark, with light spots in vertical rows; pectorals some- 
what lighter, though similarly marked; anal dusky; ventrals white. 

Here described from 3 specimens from the bay of Tokyo, the only 
definite locality yet known for the species, the earlier specimens being 
from uncertain collections. Giinther states that it 1s ** probably from 
China,” while Steindachner assigns it to ‘‘ Celebes or the Philippines.” 

(Barbatus, bearded.) 


Measurements of Trisnopogon barbatus. 
, Por 


ene bom mh Sterns sseecer cme eee ere 89 98 | 65 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length. 27 25: | 22 
Depthior caudalipedunGle sso ee nee 14 14] 14 
Menle thiol headesest cea tose mcr ne crac ai) ete h See 
Lencth'ohisnout.s--42 5222 -hcccce sere e sees gt 103 9 
Width of interorbital space ......---.-..----- 6 7 7 
Diameteronorbibes: semis 5- sae eee ee 5) 5 5 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal. ..----- 42 42 | 4] 
Distance from snout to soft GOTsale ss eee ee G2?) 6 61 
Height of longest dorsal spines.......-.------ 132 14 14 
Height of longest dorsal rays....------------- AGM) a liz 
Distance from snout to anal fin .......-.-.--- | 67] 66) 63 
Height of longest:anal rays --2-..-2--------2- IGS) lay) aby 
Length of caudal pedunele..--...--.-..=--..- 911 22 23; 
Lenethiokcadal sin) sos seecenseseeeeeee. == D1} 23). 24 
Length of pectoral tin)= 3. 2--- = saa = 262 25! 25 
Lenethron vemtnalsines sss ao oe see ees DT 421) F20 
Number of dorsal SPINCSEs ane ace eee 6 | byl) 10 
Numiberof dorsal rays! -22c-ce.- 2 s= a= ae 11 MIE) ale) 
Niunmb en of-an al Tay staaccs. ce see eee 10 10 | 11 
Number of scales in lateral series ......-.---- 36 33] 33 
Number of scales in transverse series. ...----- 14 15 15 


26. RD ING se ReGalle 


Tridentiger Git, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858, Dec. (obscurus) . 
Triseenophorus Girt, Ann. Lyc. Nat. ae . N. Y., 1859, p. 17 (trigonocephalus ; 
name preoccupied by Triwnophorus Rudolphi, a genus of worms). 
Trixnophorichthys Gi, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 195 (trigonocephalus). 
Trifissus JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. §. Nat. Mins, 1900, p. 372 (doturius) . 


Body robust, little compressed, covered with moderate or rather 
large ctenoid scales; head broad, little depressed above, the eyes well 


—— 


No.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 1138 


separate, the cheeks tumid, scaleless; mouth moderate, oblique, the 
lower jaw rather prominent; teeth rather large, fixed, in about 2 
rows, those in the outer row trifid, the middle cusp the longer; inner 
series of smaller, pointed ‘teeth; tongue rounded at tip; no barbels; 
gill openings restricted to the side, the gill openings very broad. 
Dorsals short, the first of 6 slender spines, the second of 10 to 12 
rays; caudal rounded; pectoral rounded, some of the upper rays 
short, none of them silky. Ventrals rather long, formed as in Godius, 
not adnate to the belly. 

Rivers of China and Japan. Robust species, allied to Crenogobius, 
but with the teeth trifid. We follow Steindachner in identifying 
Trienophorichthys with Tridentiger.  Trifissus is also unworthy of 
separation. This genus has no especial affinity to Steydiwm. 

(Tres, three; dens, tooth; gero, bear.) 

Tridentiger. 
a Body olive green, with faint cross bands but. no lengthwise stripes; scales less 

than 50. 
b. Seales 34-16; D. VI-12; head 33 in length; depth 43; cheeks moderately 
tumid; head with pale spots; pectoral with a dark spot and pale bar at 
|S ent eR A abe eile SUE CAS Ape) ee One tei eee Me obscurus. 48. 
bb. Scales 48-15; D. VI-13; head 3} in length; depth 64; cheeks excessively 
swollen; head with pale spots; a pale band on pectoral at base. -bueco. 49. 
Trifissus. 

aa. Body olive green, with 2 black lengthwise bands; D. VI-13; scales 54-16; head 
32 in length; body 44; cheeks little tumid _-............__-- bifasciatus. 50. 


48. TRIDENTIGER OBSCURUS (Schlegel). 


Sicydium obscurum SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 145, pl. ux xvi, fig. 1, 
Nagasaki. 

Tridentiger obscurus Git, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858, Shimoda.—GtnrHer, 
Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 566; after Schlegel.—Srermpacuner, Ichth. Beitr., 
WIL, 1879) sp. 29! 

Trixvnophorichthys squamistrigatus HiiGENbDorF, Sitzber. Naturf. Freunde, 1879, 
III, Tokyo; No. 10647, Mus. Berl.—Jorpawn and Syyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 
1900, p. 372, Yokohama; Coll. Otaki. 

Tridentiger squamistrigatus STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., VIII, 1879, p. 31, Japan. 

Head 33 in length; depth 45; depth of caudal peduncle 2% in head; 
eye 54; snout 34; D. VI-12; A.11; P. 20; scales in lateral series 34, 
in transverse series 16. 

Head large and broad, the cheek muscles not so greatly developed 
as in 7. buceo. Snout blunt; the jaws equal; mouth oblique. Maxil- 
lary reaching a vertical passing between pupil and anterior edge of 
orbit. Teeth in 2 series, those of the outer series in 2 closely apposed 
rows, the teeth alternating in position, flat, trilobed, except 2 or 3 
posterior ones on each side of jaw; teeth of inner row small, simple, 
eurved backward. Tongue broad, rounded anteriorly. Gill opening 
not extending far forward; the isthmus broad, its width equal to dis- 
tance from pupil to tip of snout. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 


Proc: N. M. vol. xxiv—01——8 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


a narrow, elevated ridge; but no papille. Gill-rakers 3+ 12, rather 
short and blunt. : 

Head naked, without barbels; anterior nostril with a high tube. 
Body with large, ctenoid scales; those anterior to dorsal and pectorals 
and on belly small and smooth; those on breast anterior to ventrals 
minute, embedded in the skin. 

Dorsals separate; the spines long and filamentous, those of the 
females much shorter. Anal inserted below third or fourth dorsal 
‘ay, when depressed extending as far posteriorly as the dorsal, neither 
quite reaching the caudal. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral without 
filaments on its upper border. Ventrals of moderate size; free 
posteriorly. 

Color dark; head with a few small, faint light spots; body with nar- 
row, light, lateral bands, which are more distinct posteriorly; dorsals 
dusky; with subdued darker markings; the first spine or ray of each 
fin with 4 sharply outlined black dots; soft dorsal and anal narrowly 
edged with white; interradial membranes of caudal dark; pectoral 
with a vertical white band near its base, and a dark spot at upper edge 
of base. The band of pectoral is bright orange in life. 

In some specimens the snout is broader, the cheek muscles more 
puffed out, the eye a little smaller, and the maxillary slightly shorter 
than in others. Those from some localities are a little lighter in color 
than the one described. They have definite, small, round, white spots 
on the lower parts of the cheeks; the longitudinal bars on the body 
are more distinct and the spot at upper part of base of pectoral is more 
conspicuous. 

Trienophorichthys squamistrigatus of Hilgendorf is believed to be 
identical with Sreydium obscurum of Schlegel. The series of speci- 
mens examined by us agree with the descriptions of both species 
referred to above, except in the covering of the breast. Hilgendorf’s 
statement that the breast is naked is probably due to an oversight, as 
the region anterior to the ventrals is covered with small, deeply 
embedded scales. The species is represented in our collection by 
specimens from Nagasaki on the south to Tokyo on the north. 

The present description is taken from an individual from Enoshima. 
Our specimens are from Tsuruga, Aomori, Matsushima, Kawa- 
tana, Kobe, Kurume, Nagasaki, Misaki, Wakanoura, Same, Enoshima, 
Niigata, Tone River, Ise, and from Ishikawa-ken. 

The species is very abundant in the river mouths and estuaries 
throughout the southern islands of Japan. It is called Zorahaze or 
Tiger goby. 

(Obscurus, dusky.) 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. WS 


Measurements of Tridentiger obscurus. 


INaga-| 

Ishika- saki, 

waken. Hi- 

zen 

| 

ene tb imemuillimeters: =o. = 22 = seen a5. 80 | 66 55 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length....| 26 Ze ee 24 
Depth of caudal peduncle. -.--..-..-.-.....-.. 3 13 | 122 
Menstintomiten ds 25-— ee tee seme nose aes 30 80, |) 31 
Meneih OMSNOUba.. = scence noes cewerase cee ace 10 9 11 
Width! of interorbitalspace:s--a.2-5.2------- 2) 4h 42 
Diameter of orbit........ pe eae eee aioe ais pre diva|) be 5 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal......-- 41 42 40 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal...........- 61 60 60 
Height of longest dorsal spines...-..-....--- 23 183 | 28 
Height of longest dorsal rays...............- | 162 14 16 
Distance from snout to anal fin.............. 65 66 65 
Height of longest anal rays.............---.- 15 ibe Teed 
Length of caudal peduncle.................- 22 24 22, 
Length! of caudal fin. no 2252-5 .< 2-22 52s~ se | 215) 22 | 22 
Length of pectoral fin......--..-- ee anos ee Sede heen 24 
Mensthrot ventralis mene ache eee seer ce it 16) eeiG 18 
Nimmperiordorsallisnimes:. = 2525 -eees so ee cece erally 8) 6 
Number omdorsalirdysscm~ << eece -oos tosses se TPS hy als 12 
Numperofranmalirays. = sas scenSee soso se ees ote 11 11 11 
Number of pectoral raysiio-2.-: 222 cc. eens 20 21 20 
Number of scales in lateral series..........-.- 34 37 33 
Number of scales in transverse series...... sal 16 17 


| 


49. TRIDENTIGER BUCCO Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 34 in length; depth 54; depth of caudal peduncle 7; eye 7 in 
head; snout 43; maxillary 24; D. VI-13; A.11; P. 20; scales in lateral 
series 48, in transverse series 15. 

Body rather robust, not tapering much toward the tail; caudal pedun- 
cle almost as deep as body, compressed. Head broad and depressed; 
its depth contained 1% times in its width; cheek muscles enormously 
developed, puffed out on either side beyond contour of body; top of 
head flat; interorbital space broad, the distance between eyes 24 times 
their diameter. Snout rounded. Eyes very small, directed laterally; 
anterior in position. Mouth oblique; jaws equal; maxillary reaching 
a vertical, passing a little beyond eye; entirely concealed by the lip 
and suborbital. Tongue broad, round anteriorly. Teeth in 2 series 
on the anterior part of jaws; the outer ones in a single row, trilobed, 
except 2 or 3 posterior ones, which are simple; the middle lobe high 
and rounded, the lateral lobes short and sharp; inner series of lower 
jaw in 3 rows; simple, slender, sharp, and curved backward; inner 
series of upper jaw in a single row, similar to those in the corre- 
sponding position below; no canines. Gill opening extending a little 
below base of pectoral; width of isthmus equal to space between eyes. 
Shoulder girdle with a narrow ridge on inner edge; no papille. Gill- 
rakers on first arch 3 + 8; short and pointed. 

Head naked; no barbels or conspicuous rows of mucous pores. 
Anterior nostril with a thin-walled tube. Body covered with large, 
weakly ctenoid scales, except a small naked space beneath ventrals. 

Dorsals separate, the membrane of the spinous dorsal attached to 
the base of the first ray; spines slender and flexible; the third longest; 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


the 5 anterior ones evenly spaced; the, distance between the last 2 about 
twice that of the others; rays of soft dorsal growing successively 
longer toward posterior end of fin; the last rays when depressed just 
reaching bases of upper caudal rays. Anal inserted below base of 
third dorsal ray; the first ray short; the others successively longer to 
the fourth, which is about twice as long as the first; the fin when 
depressed not reaching so far posteriorly as does the dorsal. Caudal 
rounded. Pectoral round, extending almost to a vertical through 
posterior end of base of spinous dorsal; the upper edge without fila- 
mentous rays. Ventrals free from body posteriorly; their tips reaching 
a point halfway between base of fin and insertion of anal. 

Solor in alcohol pale olive gray; sides of body with 6 or 7 narrow, 
dark, lateral cross-bands, the upper and lower of which are indistinct; 
on the anterior half of body all but 2 of the bands fade out and dis- 
appear; head dark, covered with small, closely crowded, light spots. 


Fic. 24.—TRIDENTIGER BUCCO. 


Dorsals and anal edged with black; the color more intense in the region 
of the first and second dorsal spines; soft dorsal with an indistinct, 
narrow, dusky horizontal band near the middle. Caudal dusky; black 
spots on interradial membranes. Pectorals and ventrals dusky; the 
former with a light, vertical band at base. 

Description of type No. 6459, Leland Stanford Junior University 
Museum. Locality, Misaki, Japan. We also have specimens from 
Tokyo. 

Some other specimens from the type locality are a little lighter or 
darker in color; some have the small caudal spots arranged in more 
or less distinct wavy, vertical lines; others have the soft dorsal and 
anal narrowly edged with lighter color. 

T. bucco is closely related to 7. obscurus. It is easily distinguished 
by its larger mouth, broader head, smaller eye, and smaller scales; the 
latter species has about 36 scales in a lateral series. 


(Bucco, thick-cheeked. ) 


uni en ae 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. ila 4 


Measurements of Tridentiger bucco. 


| 

Length in Eanieceters sDESaenee roe Rees 13 aa 7b 69 67 67 72 70 | 70 
Depth expressed in hundredths of | 

Vempthigiiaccntmcsc~ cee os accents ccce Ss 18 18 17 19 20 20 20 19 || 19 
Depth of caudal peduncle.........---- 14 14 14 14 14 15 14 14) 14 
Ib eras avovrla\e}:\6 Ee Se aee eR eeeeete 29 29 29 30 29 | 30 30 30 | 30 
heneth! of SNOUE Mc. S252 -si-5 <3 5- a2 es 8 | 8 7i 8 8 | 7 82 8 8 
Width of interorbital space ........... 65, 7 63 6 7 65 7 7 a 
Diameter of Orbit. 2 22 see. soc chess 43 4 | 4 4 4 3 3 AU 4: 
Distance from snout to spinous dorsal.| 37 | 37 BOx| . 100 40 39 39 38 | 38 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal ..-.. 57 57 | 563} 58 57 59 59 57 | 58 
Height of longest dorsal spines ....--. Dien oul 14 16 16 18 16 | 1 
Height of longest dorsal rays. ..-.-..--- i7/ |), Tay) ake ae 15 15a) eG 14; 144 
Distance from snout to anal fin ....--. 63 | 60 61 62 63 63 6231 65] 62 
Height of longest anal rays ......-..--- 15 |. 14 15 15 13 153} 15 13 | 14 
Length of caudal peduncle ......--.--- 25 23 22 212) 222)" 9232) 243 23° |), 23 
Wensth of-caudal iin :..-=2-.2.0:-2---- 22 22 22 24 21 22 22 2s) #422) 
Length Of pectoral fine. 2-222 2~-2-- 22 26 24 24 Dots eecou\lne tok 24 | 24 
Henothiof ventralfine «235s. .s2555- 16 17 163 163 IAs alyhan|) leew bs} 17 | 162 
Number of dorsal spines .....--.-.-.-- 6 6 6 6 6 6 | 6 6 6 
Number of dorsal rays -<--:22-.-..-<: 1183 1s as} 13 13 13 13 183 )) 133 
Nimberoranalraye) eo: 5-1... see. -25=s 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 ality) abt 
Number of pectoral rays ..........-.-.- 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 19 | 20 
Number of seales in lateral series ...-.| 48 53 48 48 49 48 50 49 | 52 
Number of scales in transverse series.) 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 sliegall pele 


aThe measurements of the depth in this case are only approximate, the abdomen having shrunken 
in preservation. 


50. TRIDENTIGER BIFASCIATUS Steindachner. 


SHIMAHAZE (STRIPED GOBY). 


Tridentiger bifasciatus SrEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., X, p. 12 (190), Bay of Strielok, 
Japan Sea, near Vladivostock. Coll. Professor Dybowski, based on adult 
specimens without black caudal spot. 

Trifissus ioturust JORDAN and SnypEr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, p. 373, 
Bay of Tokyo. Coll. K. Kishinouye; type No. 49403 U.8. Nat. Mus.; co-type 
No. 6270, L. 8. Jr. Mus.; based on young specimens. 


Head 34; depth 5; D. VI-13; A. 11; P. 19; scales 54-16. Eye 74 
in head (less in young specimens); interorbital space 31 (the bony 


'The following is the description of Japanese specimens (7. ioturus), which we are 
unable to separate from T. bifasciatus, except by characters subject to change with 
age: 

TRIFISSUS IOTURUS Jordan and Snyder. 


Description—Head 32 in length; depth 41; vgede of caudal peduncle 64; eye 4 in 
head; snout 43; interorbital space, bony ridge, 7 to 8 (fleshy part 3} to 4); height 
of longest dorsal spine, 7 in length, ray 7; longest anal ray 73; length of pectorals 33; 
ventrals 42; caudal 43; dorsal VI-13; anal 12; scales in lateral series 54, in trans- 
verse series 16, between origin of soft dorsal and anal. 

Head wide and flat, its width contained 13 times in its length; interorbital 
space convex. Snout blunt. Mouth slightly oblique; jaws equal; premaxillary 
extending to a vertical through anterior edge of pupil; lips thick. Upper jaw with 
a row of 18 long, flat, trilobed, movable teeth, behind which is a row of small, 
sharp, simple teeth; lower jaw with 20 trilobed teeth, followed by a narrow band of 
simple, sharp, curved ones; each side of lower jaw with a small, curved canine 
scarcely larger than the other teeth. Gill-rakers short, pointed. Body covered 
with small, ctenoid scales, large posteriorly, smaller anteriorly, extending forward 
on nape and top of head to within a short distance—about the diameter of pupil— 
of the edge of orbits; other parts of head naked; without barbels. Dorsal fins not 
connected; third spine longest; others gradually shorter; rays, except first and last, 
of about the same length. First ray of anal short, simple; others gradually longer. 
Soft dorsal and anal projecting an equal distance posteriorly. Caudal rounded, 


118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


ridge 7 to 8); snout 44; breadth of head 13; height 2. Body moder- 
ately compressed. Head very broad, Co¢tus-like, flattish above; eyes 
small; interorbital broad; pectorals without silky rays. Snout 
decurved. Teeth in the outer row trifid, well separated from the inner 
row of smaller pointed teeth, hindmost tooth sometimes a little larger. 
‘eft of mouth broader than long, its breadth half length of head; 
maxillary reaching to posterior margin of eye. Head naked; nape 
with small scales. Seales on body moderate, ctenoid. 

Color olivaceous, a broad black band on each side beginning at the 
forehead and extending along below the dorsals to the caudal; a second 
band much narrower along middle of side from base of pectoral to 


Fic. 25.—TRIDENTIGER BIFASCIATUS. 


caudal; a blackish cross streak on bases of upper pectoral rays. Black 
streaks along near upper edge of first dorsal and front of second 
dorsal and along anterior rays of anal; caudal with numerous streaks 
of blue-gray specks; scales with dark points. Length 110 mm. 

Steindachner’s description, above condensed, was taken from speci- 
mens from the Bay of Strielok, near Vladivostock. 


Pectoral somewhat pointed, extending posteriorly as far as tip of depressed dorsal. 
Ventrals not adherent to belly; their length equal to distance from center of pupil 
to edge of opercle. A dark color band, equal in width to vertical diameter of pupil, 
extending from upper edge of eye, along base of dorsal fins to the caudal, where it 
ends in a distinct, dark spot; a similar band running from tip of snout, through eye, 
upper edge of base of pectoral and along side of body to a little below middle of base 
of caudal; an indistinct dark spot on lower part of base of caudal; sides of head with 
small, light spots; first spine and first ray of dorsal fins with three distinct dark dots; 
the color extending posteriorly to the membrane; similar spots faintly outlined on 
the other spines and rays; the membranes with minute, dark dots; edges of fins a 
little dusky. Anal, with a dark band along the edge. Caudal, with indistinct cross- 
bars of bluish spots. Base of pectoral with a white band with a dusky spot before it. 

Type.—No. 49403, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Bay of Tokyo, Japan. Collector, K. Kishinouye. Japanese name, 
Shimahaze (striped goby). 

Besides the type, one other specimen (cotype, No. 6270, Leland Stanford Junior 
University Museum) was collected. It is a little smaller and has somewhat brighter 
colors than the type, but differs from it in no other important way. 

(<@ra, jot; ovpa, tail) 


named young, types of 7) doturus. 
(Bi, two; fasciatus, banded.) 


27. ASTRABE Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 
Astrabe, new genus (lactisella). 


Body thick-set; caudal peduncle deep. Teeth in both jaws simple; 
no canines; no teeth on vomer. Gill openings not extending far for- 
ward; the isthmus broad; 2 low, papillee-like elevations on inner edge 
of shoulder girdle. Head naked; the skin conspicuously wrinkled 
and folded; body with small embedded scales on posterior parts, extend- 
ing on sides almost to base of pectoral; other parts naked. Dorsals 
separate; 3 spines, 11 rays. Anal with 10 rays. Spines and rays of 
the 3 fins enveloped in thick skin. Upper rays of pectoral simple, 
free at tips. Ventral rays I, 5; the fins united; free from the body 
posteriorly. Color black, conspicuously marked with white. A single 
species from the rock pools of Japan. Its relations are evidently with 
Luciogobius, Clariger being intermediate. 

(aotpapn, a saddle. ) 


51. ASTRABE LACTISELLA Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 3 in length; depth 44; D. IJJ-11; A. 10; P. 24. 

Body short, robust; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head. Head 
depressed, broad posteriorly, its width equal to depth of body. Snout 
4 in head, broadly rounded when viewed from above. Nostrils with 
high rims. Eyes small, perfect; interorbital space 3 in head. Jaws 
subequal, the lower slightly projecting; maxillary not greatly pro- 
longed, extending to a vertical through posterior edge of orbit. Lips 
pendulous. Teeth on both jaws simple; no canines; no teeth on yvomer. 
Gill opening extending upward as far as does the base of the pectoral, 
not running far forward below; the isthmus wide. Inner edge of 
shoulder girdle with 2 small elevations. 

Skin thick, considerably wrinkled and folded on head, a V-shaped 
ridge extending from the interorbital space toward the upper edge of 
gill openings; a low crest above the eye; a preorbital fold running 
downward parallel with the maxillary, a branch passing backward 
below the eye well on to the cheek; snout and interorbital area con- 
spicuously wrinkled; lower jaw with a low median fold, a larger one 
on either side, the anterior part of which is cut off, forming a small 
pendant flap; a third fold, the edge of which has bead-like elevations 
lying between the latter and the lower lip; branchiostegal area with 
small folds. 

Dorsal fins separate; the longest spine contained about 3 times 
in head; soft dorsal free from caudal; when depressed not quite reach- 
ing base of latter; the rays slightly longer than the spines of first 


120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


dorsal. Anal inserted below base of second dorsal ray; when depressed 
it extends a little farther posteriorly than does the dorsal. Dorsals 
and anal covered with thick skin, making the determination of the 
number of rays difficult. Caudal rounded. Pectoral similar in shape, 
extending to a vertical midway between tip of ventrals and the anal 
opening; of 24 or 25 rays, the upper 6 of which are detached and sim- 
ple. Ventrals rays I, 5; the fins united; the disk elevated anteriorly; 
free from body posteriorly. 

Head and anterior parts of body naked; small, thin, embedded scales 
on posterior parts, the scales growing forward on a V-shaped area 
almost to base of pectoral. Lateral line indicated anteriorly by a 
series of 9 or 10 groups of little pores, 3 or + pores arranged vertically 
in each group. 

Color blue black; a broad, white band passing over back part of | 
head and anterior region of body, including basal third of pectoral fin; 
another narrower and shorter band between the dorsals, encroaching 


fain 


Fic. 26.—ASTRABE LACTISELLA. 


on base of soft dorsal; a third passing over the ventral surface at 
insertion of anal, its ends in the central region of the body being near 
those of the dorsal band just mentioned; several large and small white 
spots on body and on the unpaired fins posterior to the bands; throat 
white; cheeks and chin with white specks; pectorals spotted with white 
near the tips; ventral disk bordered with white. 

The general form of the body and the peculiarly wrinkled and folded 
skin of the head reminds one of the blind goby of Point Loma, Zyphlo- 
gobius cali forniensis. 

Type No. 6460, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 

The single known specimen was taken in August, 1900, at the rock 
pools near Misaki, in Sagami. 

(Lac, lactis, milk; sella, saddle.) 


28. CLARIGER Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 
Clariger JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (cosmurus) . 


This genus has the form and general appearance of Luciogobius, 
differing in the presence of a short spinous dorsal of three slender 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYNER. ial 


spines. The body is elongate, the head broad and flattened, and the 
skin with a few cycloid scales on the tail. Below the eye are a few 
short filaments or barbels. 

Japan. 

(Clarus, clear; gero, to bear, from the white back.) 


52. CLARIGER COSMURUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 33 in length; depth 73; depth of caudal peduncle 10; eye 7 
in head; snout 5; D. I[I-12; A. 12; P. 18. 

Body not sloping much from its deepest part toward caudal peduncle; 
cylindrical anteriorly; caudal peduncle greatly compressed. Head 
elongate; broad; flat on top. Snout long; pointed; lower jaw project- 
ing. Maxillary extending beyond eye. Mouth almost. horizontal. 
Tongue broad, notched anteriorly. Teeth simple, in narrow bands 
on both jaws; lower jaw with a small canine on each side. Eyes 


directed obliquely upward; the space between them about equal to 
their diameter. Gill openings not extending far forward. No papille 


Fic. 27.—CLARIGER COSMURUS. 


on inner edge of shoulder girdle. No barbels on jaw. A row of 
slender barbels extending along suborbital area from snout to a point 
a little beyond eye. 

Head naked; a row of rather large, round, cycloid scales on median 
part of caudal peduncle. Dorsals separate, the first of 3 slender 
spines; soft dorsal with fleshy membrane. Anal inserted below first 
dorsal ray. Caudal round. Pectorals acutely rounded. Ventrals 
free posteriorly from body. 

Color white; a broad, chocolate-colored lateral band, with irregular 
borders, extending from tip of snout to base of caudal fin; the band 
narrow on snout, gradually widening to the posterior end; at base of 
caudal the white encroaches on the band from above and below, nearly 
dividing it, and causing it to spread out in a fan-shaped figure almost’ 
entirely covering the fin, the solid color broken up into dots and ver- 
tical bands on posterior part of fin. 

The species is known from a single specimen, 37 millimeters long, 
secured at Misaki, Sagami. Type 6461, Leland Stanford Junior Uni- 
versity Museum. 

(coo péw@, to adorn; ovpa, tail.) 


eee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


29. EUTAZNIICHTHYS Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 


Huteniichthys new genus (gilli). 

Body elongate, compressed, with rudimentary, embedded, rather 
small, cycloid scales. Head short; mouth small, oblique, the chin not 
prominent; teeth simple; isthmus broad; no barbels; dorsal rays 
ILI, 17; anal 12, the soft dorsal much larger than the anal, and begin- 
ning far in front of it. Ventrals well developed. Caudal pointed. 

Japan. . 

(Lutenia, a garter snake; ed, well; tacvia, ribbon; ius, fish. 


53. EUTAENIICHTHYS GILLI Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
Head 64 in length; depth 11; depth of caudal peduncle 3-in head; 
eye 44; D. I[I-18; A. 11. 
Body very long and slender. Snout blunt, about equal in length 
to diameter of eye; jaws equal. Eyes directed obliquely upward; 
interorbital space narrow. Mouth oblique, cleft reaching a vertical 


Fig. 28.—EUTANIICHTHYS GILLI. 


through anterior edge of pupil. Teeth simple, curved, in 2 or 3 rows 
on each jaw; no canines. Gill openings not extending far forward 
below; the isthmus broad. No papille on inner edge of shoulder 
girdle. No barbels on head. 

Head naked; body with rather small, round, cycloid, scattered scales. 

Dorsals separate, the spinous dorsal far in advance of soft dorsal; 
spines short, slender; soft dorsal, when depressed, not quite reaching 
caudal. Anal inserted below anterior third of dorsal, extending as far 
posteriorly as does the dorsal. Caudal acutely rounded. Pectoral 
pointed, the upper edge without free filaments. . Ventrals long, free 
posteriorly. ; 

Color in spirits yellowish white; a broad band of brownish and 
blackish dots extending along sides throughout the entire length, the 
color on caudal fin darker than that of body; median dorsal region 
with brown dots grouped together, forming spots of irregular outline. 

The species is easily recognized by its short spinous dorsal and very 
slender body. Known only from four specimens about 35 mm. long, 
collected by Dr. K. Kishinouye in the Tone River, near Tokyo. Type 
No. 6462, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 

(Named for Dr. Theodore Gill, in recognition of his studies of 
Japanese gobies. ) 


. — 


bed © 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. Los 


30. LUCIOGOBIUS Gill. 
Luciogobius Gitu, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 146 (qguttatus). 

Body elongate, moderately compressed, the skin naked. Head long 
and low, depressed above, with tumid cheeks; mouth rather large, 
terminal, oblique, the chin prominent; teeth pointed; no barbels; 
tongue notched; gill openings narrow, not extending forward below, 
separated by a broad isthmus. Spinous dorsal wanting. Soft dorsal 
rather short, opposite the short anal; caudal short, rounded, remote 
from dorsal and anal; pectorals rather large, without silk-like rays; 
ventrals very short, the rays indistinct, the two fins united in a rounded 
disk. Color dusky. 

One species known, a small goby of the muddy shores of Japan, 
resembling Zoarcids in appearance, but evidently belonging to the 
same family with the other gobies. 

(Lucius, pike; Gobius, goby.) 


54. LUCIOGOBIUS GUTTATUS Gill. 
Lnuciogobius guttatus Gitu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 146 (Shimoda; Coll. 
J. Morrow).—GitnrueEr, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 152; after Gill. 
TInuciogobius quitatus SrE1INDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., VIII, 1879, p. 26, Yokohama. 

Head 43 in length; depth 63; depth of caudal peduncle 93; eye 8} 
in head; snout 43; D. 18; A. 12; P. 17. 

Body cylindrical anteriorly; caudal peduncle not much compressed. 
Head broad and depressed; the cheek muscles greatly developed, bulg- 
ing outward and upward, making a deep concavity on top of head. 
Eyes small, directed obliquely upward; interorbital space concave, 
the eyes projecting somewhat above its floor. Snout rather pointed, 
its length contained about 3 times in postorbital part of head; lower 
jaw projecting. Mouth almost horizontal; the cleft wide, extending 
to a vertical passing just behind orbit. Teeth minute, in narrow 
bands on both jaws; no canines. ‘Tongue broad, forked at tip. Gill 
openings narrow, extending upward but little above middle of base of 
pectoral; the isthmus very broad, its width about equal to depth of 
caudal peduncle. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without protuber- 
ances. Gill-rakers on first arch represented by slight elevations only. 

Head and body naked; skin of snout wrinkled; lips pendulous; 
anterior nostril with a short tube. No barbels. 

Spinous dorsal absent. The skin in the region which is occupied by 
the fin in other gobies has a peculiar folded structure, shaped some- 
what like a feather, a median elevated ridge, with smailer radiating 
ridges on either side; the latter extending posteriorly along the base 
of soft dorsal. Soft dorsal inserted directly above first ray of anal; 
the distance between tip of snout and insertion of dorsal about equal 
to 3 times length of head; depressed fin falling far short of base of 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


caudal; anal lower than dorsal; the height of rays about 2 times the 
diameter of eye; membranes of both dorsal and anal fleshy. Caudal 
rounded posteriorly. Pectoral rounded, the upper edge without fila- 
mentous rays. Ventral disk small, broad, free posteriorly. 

Color in spirits light yellowish olive; upper parts darkened by a 
close stippling of blue-black, the points growing larger and farther 
apart on the ventral surface; dorsal parts and sides of head and body 
with small, round spots of the light body color. Dorsal fin with about 


Fic. 29.—LUCIOGOBIUS GUTTATUS. 


4 longitudinal rows of indistinct, small dark spots on the rays. Caudal 
with vertical, wavy, dark bands, broader than the light interspaces. 
Anal white, except a very narrow dusky area at base. Pectoral dusky. 
Ventrals without dark color. 

A small species found living in little sandy pools under rocks at low 


Fic. 30.—LUCIOGOBIUS GUTTATUS (elongate example). 


tide; the specimens here described found among stones on one of the 
old artificial islands in the bay of Tokyo. We also have very numerous 
specimens from Hakodate, Wakanoura, Same, and a very small one 
from Nagasaki. In the rock pools of Hakodate Head they are espe- 
cially abundant. The species varies widely in depth of body and in 
breadth of the head. Weare unable, however, to recognize more than 
one species in the genus. 
(Guttatus, spotted.) 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 1 


bo 
On 


Measurements of Luciogobius guttatus. 


Renetinam millimeters)... os2ce. 2... sesteicsv = sce 47 51 46 | 51 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length -- 15 143} 143) 15: 
Depth of caudal pedunele ...........-....-.- zt 9 10 gi 
i Gevoke gt] oltoyed 0(23:10 Lee fe ie Oe Pee ae Ses Sey 24 22 25 | 24 
HUET EN OMENO Whireniieccioe ea eeel ee seiascis oe 6 5 6 6 
Width of interorbital spacea ..........------ 6 6 7 7 
DYaMNIETELIOMOLDIG 5-5. o35-ee- oes awe cess 3 3h 33 2 
Distance from snout to dorsal. ..-...------.-- 65 65 66 | 66 
Height of longest dorsal rays ..-..-.-.----.-- 5 5 53] 82 
Distance from snout to anal ..........--....- 65 65 662} 65 
Height of. longest anal rays......--....------ 5 3 34 52 
Length of caudal peduncle -.......---.----...- 18 19 18 | 173 
enethoneaudall in... -.c--c--- seen == 2 as 143 14°) 341 15 
HenethsoL pectoral fin! -. 2-222 ss. se2 ees - she 15 14 143} 14 
men ethnvOr ventral GW <2. ss- 22s sacs ecse acne 5 | 5 | 6 5 
Mimbemoiidorsall rays as. 2 cass eeise meee LOE 2a ee TOT ee See 
Numibemonanalrays: <2... s2-se5-nSeeeeeeece wal? 12 125) 12, 
Number of pectoral rayss_-2--.--2---s22-2-.- } pcedlles 16 17 | 16 


a Distance between eyes. 


ol. LHUCOPSARION Hilgendorf. 


Leucopsarion H1LGenporr, Berliner Monatsber., 1880, p. 339 (peters?). 

Body elongate, compressed, scaleless, the substance translucent; head 
short, depressed above; the cheeks little tumid; the eyes prominent; 
mouth rather large, terminal, oblique; teeth simple, no barbels; tongue 
notched; isthmus narrow, the gill openings continued forward below. 
Spinous dorsal wanting; soft dorsal moderate, well separated from the 
short caudal; anal longer than the soft dorsal and inserted well in 
advance of the latter; pectorals rather long; ventrals very small, fully 
united, forming a rounded scale-shaped disk, the rays obscure; the 
structure seems exactly as in Gobdus, but the fin much less developed. 

Small translucent fishes of the estuaries of Japan, evidently closely 
allied to Luciogobius and related to the true gobies. One species 
known. 

(AevKos, white; opapzor, a little fish.) 


55. LEUCOPSARION PETERSI Hilgendorf. 


SHIRO-UWO (WHITE FISH): HIO. 


Leucopsarion petersi HitGENporrF, Berliner Monatsber., 1880, p. 340, April 5, 
Southern Japan. 

Head 53 in length; depth 73; depth of caudal peduncle 123; eye 4 
in head; snout 3$; maxillary 23; D.138; A.17; P.15. 

Body long, stender, considerably compressed; caudal! peduncle nota- 
bly long. Head long, not so deep or broad as body; snout rather 
blunt, the lower jaw projecting. Eyes small, directed laterally; inter- 
orbital space convex, the distance between eyes equal to length of 
snout. Mouth oblique; maxillary extending to a point below middle 
of pupil. Teeth simple, long, slightly curved backward, in a single 
row on each jaw; nocanines. Gili opening broad, extending very far 
forward; the isthmus narrow. No papille on inner edge of shoulder 
girdle. Gill-rakers long and slender. No barbels on head. 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Head and body naked. Skin along median part of back anterior to 
dorsal, with a peculiar feather-shaped structure; a median elevation 
with short, oblique, lateral branches. 

Dorsal extending a little farther posteriorly than the anal. Caudal 
slightly notched, the lobes rounded. Anal inserted much in advance 
of dorsal. Pectoral rounded, without detached rays on upper edge. 
Ventrals short, free from body posteriorly. 

Color in life translucent, in spirits yellowish white; lips with minute 
brownish dots; occiput with a few small spots of same color; median 


Fic. 31—LEUCOPSARION PETERSI, 


dorsal area with small dots; a brownish black line on throat and 
anterior half of belly. Some specimens have the color less intense 
than have others, the small spots on occiput often being absent. 

Described from numerous specimens collected at Niigata, in Echigo, 
presented by Dr. C. Ishihawa. We also have representatives from 
Hiroshima. It was not seen elsewhere by us. (Named for Dr. W. 
Peters. of the University of Berlin.) 


Measurements of Leucopsarion petersi. 


Lene thinn millimetenssosaseeecee ae eee eee 39 36 | 36 
Depth expressed in hundredths of length .... 13 ated |) ae! 
Depth of caudal peduncle......---..-.--.s-<.- 8 7i| 82 
Lengthrot Head sasaxee eats eer ee oe eee 21 20} 21 
henge thiohsnOWlmes cee eseee oer ee eee 6 5 52 
Width: of interorbital space —2----2---025-2---- 4 Bri 5 
Diameter of OTbitss eee ose eee eee 4 5 5 
Distance from snout to soft dorsal............- 51 61 | 60 
Height of longest dorsal rays ..-....------=--- 10 rol 18 
Distance from snout to anal fin .............-- 55 55 | 54 
Height of longest anal rays ..........---.----- 12 11 7 
Length otcaudalpeduncle 2282222205. 2 oeee ne 21 Pale Pail 
engi biohcandaletimyes.5-- 524 -s eee eee 14 15 | 15 
Lene thon pectoral se eee eee eeneces Bees 14 A 7iale 1 
Lene tho fiventralitimees ses. n2 25 sse seen a a senee 7 (el) alz/ 
Numberotdorsalimays<-ceee- seen eee eee ne 13 TB 3a 6 1k33 
NUM IDE TIO kien analy Ss) Sacer eee ete eee aN 17 17a eek 


382. TRYPAUCHEN Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Trypauchen Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, p. 152 (vagina). 
Body elongate, compressed, covered with minute cycloid scales; 
head short, compressed, bluntly rounded in profile; mouth rather 
small, terminal, oblique, the thick lower jaw very prominent; teeth 
moderate, in bands; tongue inconspicuous, not notched; no barbels; 
gill openings confined to the side, the isthmus very broad; eyes very 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. ‘127 


small, but distinct, the interorbital space elevated: a pit on e the 
soenele opening into a cavity which is separate from the gill cavity. 
Dorsal fin continuous, very long and low, of 6 short spines and 40 
to 50 soft rays; soft dorsal and anal continuous with the pointed 
caudal; pectoral fins small; ventral fins very small, I, 4, more or less 
fully united, but usually notched at tip. Vertebre 10 + 24 = 34. 

East Indies, north to Japan. Slender, eel-shaped gobies, remark- 
able for the cavity above the opercle. 

(rpvxn, hole; avynv, nape.) 


56. TRYPAUCHEN WAK£#® Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
Trypauchen vagina STEINDACHNER, Reise Schiff Aurora, 1898, p. 220, Kobe (not 
of Schneider). 

Head 62 in length; depth 8%; eye 113 in head; interorbital space 
62; snout 4; fa eiliers: 3; D. VI, 52; A. 46; scales in lateral series 
55, In transverse series about 12. 

Body very long; greatly compressed. Head short, as wide and 
deep as body; its dorsal part, posterior to eyes, with a sharp, bony crest. 
Eyes very small, directed obliquely forward; interorbital area convex; 


\te 


ke 


Fic. 32.—TRYPAUCHEN WAK. 


space between the eyes about equal to twice their diameter. Snout 
short, blunt; lower jaw projecting beyond the upper. Mouth oblique. 
Maxillary concealed, extending to a vertical through anterior edge 
of orbit. Teeth in 2 rows, simple, the outer ones enlarged; no ca- 
nines. Gill opening not extending far forward; the isthmus broad, its 
width contained about 3 times in head. No papille on inner edge of 
shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers reduced to mere elevations on the arch. 
Anterior nostrils with distinct tubes. Deep pit at upper edge of 
opercle, about as long as eye. No barbels. 

Head naked; the skin with many mucous pores. Body with small, 
thin, round, cycloid scales; nape to front of dorsal and breast to 
beyond tip of pectoral and ventral naked; belly nearly back to vent 
naked, or with a few scattered scales. 

Dorsals connected; the spines short and strong; the rays slightly 
longer than the spines; anal rays as high as those of dorsal; both 
dorsal and anal connected with caudal. Caudal pointed. Pectoral 
- acutely rounded above; the lower rays shortened, its upper edge 
without free filaments; its length 3} in head. Ventrals very small, 
5 in head, free posteriorly; the tip of the united fin notched. 


128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Color in spirits bluish brown. 

Type No. 6515, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 

Wakanoura, Kii. 

The species is close to Zrypauchen vagina of India, but the pectorals 
and ventrals are much shorter than in the latter species... According 
to Cuvier’s description and Day’s figure, the naked area on front of 
trunk in much smaller, and the figure shows a more elongate mouth 
and head. 

Inland sea of Japan in sandy bays. We have specimens from 
Wakanoura, Owari Bay, and Kobe. 

( Waka-no-ura, bay of Waka, or romantic song.) 


38. TAZ NIOIDES Lacépéde. 


Texnioides LAckPEDR, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 1798, p. 580 (herrmannianius). 

Amblyopus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, 1837, p. 157 (herr- 
mannianus ). 

Odontamblyopus BLEEKER, Archives Néerl., LX, 1874, p. 330 (rubicundus). 

Body elongate, compressed, eel-shaped, naked or with very rudi- 
mentary scales. Head oblong quadrilateral, flattish above. Mouth 
almost vertical, the lower jaw prominent, thick, its cleft directed 
upward; maxillary not produced backward; tongue not notched. 
Teeth slender, in a band, the outer ones, especially below, very long 
and curved. Eyes minute, hidden. Gill openings confined to. the 
sides: the isthmus broad. Dorsal fin very long, the anterior part of 
5 or 6 slender, wide-set spines, more or less distinct; the soft dorsal of 
30 to 50 rays; soft dorsal and anal continuous with the slender, pointed 
caudal; pectoral fins short; ventral fins long, I, 5, completely united, 
not adnate to the belly; no pseudobranchize. Vertebree 11+ 17 = 28. 

Estuaries of Japan, China, and southward; several species known. 
Distinguished from the American genus Gobiocdes by the much larger 
number of dorsal and anal rays. (D. VI, 16 in Gobzordes.) 

(rarvia, ribbon; €760s, resemblance. ) 


57. TZENIOIDES LACEPEDEI (Schlegel). 
Amblyopus lacepedei SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1848, p. 146, pl. Lx xv, fig. 2. 
Bay of Omura, near Nagasaki. 
Head 7} in length; depth 17; depth of caudal peduncle 4 in head; 
maxillary 3; D. VI, 46; A. 44. 

. Body extremely elongate, compressed. Head long, rounded ante- 
riorly. Mouth almost vertical, the lower jaw projecting beyond the 
upper. Maxillary concealed, not extending far back. Eyes small; 
covered by the skin. ‘Teeth in 2 series; an inner narrow band of villi- 
form teeth, and an outer row of large, loosely attached, fang-like teeth. 
Tongue rounded anteriorly. Gill opening restricted to the sides; the 
isthmus broad, No papillee on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill- 


ee ee ere 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 129 


rakers very short and blunt. No pseudobranchie. Anterior nostrils 
with small tubes. Symphysis of lower jaw with a pair of short, slen- 
der barbels. Skin much wrinkled on snout and lower jaw. 

Head and body naked. Lateral line represented by a series of about 
27 groups of minute pores, each group arranged in vertical lines. 

Dorsal continuous; 6 slender spines; 46 rays; anal of about 44 rays; 
dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal; the membranes tumid. 
Caudal pointed. Pectoral very small, contained about 3 times in 


FiG, 33.—T#NIOIDES LACEPEDEI. 


head; acutely rounded; the upper edge without free filaments. Ven- 
trals large; about equal to length of head; free posteriorly; the ante- 
rior half connected to the body by a flexible fold of skin. 

Color in spirits bluish brown. 

Its slender body, long dorsal and anal, concealed eyes, and other 
peculiar characters make it easy to recognize among Japanese gobies. 

Southern Japan, in sandy bays; apparently not common. Our spec- 
imens were obtained at Wakanoura. It is called Warasubo, or straw- 
eel. (Named for Bernard Germain Etienne de la Ville-sur-Illon, 
Comte de La Cépede.) 

RECAPITULATION. 

List of the species of Gobiidze known to be found in Japan, with localities from 

which we have specimens. Species marked * are here described for the first time. 
1. Vireosa Jordan and Snyder. 
1. * hane Jordan and Snyder. 
Misaki, Sagami. 


2. Asterropteryx Rippell. 
. *abax Jordan and Snyder. 
Misaki. 


bo 


3. Valenciennea Bleeker. 


oo 


muralis (Quoy and Gaimard). 


izroc iN. Vi. yok. xxtv—01—- 9 


130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


6. 


10. 


Ile 


14. 


15. 


te 


4. Odontobutis Bleeker. 
obscurus (Schlegel). 
Tokyo; Kurume, Chikugo; Lake Biwa (Funaki); Kawatana. 


5. Hleotris Sehneider. 


fusca (Schneider). 


oxycephala (Schlegel). 
Yokohama; Wakanoura, Kii; Lake Biwa. 


6. Boleophthalmus Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


chinensis (Osbeck). 
Nagasaki; Tokyo. 


7. Periophthalmus Schneider. 


cantonensis (Osbeck ). 
Tokyo. 
8. Hazeus Jordan and Snyder. 


* otakit Jordan and Snyder. 
Nagasaki. 
9. Govws Linnzeus. 


* pecilichthys Jordan and Snyder. 
Misaki. 
10. Ctenogobius Gill. 
* abei Jordan and Snyder. 
Wakanoura. 
similis (Gall). 
Nagasaki; Kurume; L. Biwa, Matsubara; Kaga; Kana R., Yamashiro; Tsu- 
shima; Ishikawa-ken; Kawatana, Hizen; lyo, Shikoku. 
gymnauchen (Bleeker). 
Misaki; Wakanoura; Nagasaki; Tokyo Bay; Tsuruga; Enoshima, Sagami. 
* hadropterus Jordan and Snyder. 
Nagasaki; Kurume; Tsuruga; Kawatana. 
* eampbelli Jordan and Snyder. : 
Wakanoura. 
*virgatulus Jordan and Snyder. 
Misaki; Wakanoura; Nagasaki; Tokyo Bay; Matsushima; Onomichi; Semida 
R., near Tokyo. 
plaumi (Bleeker) . 
Yokohoma; Wakanoura; Tsuruga, Echizen; Aomori, Rikuoku; Matsushima; 
Rikuzen; Onomichi, Bingo; Kobe, Settsu; Owari Bay; Kawatana. 


11. Aboma Jordan and Starks. 


lactipes (Hilgendorf). 
Matsushima; Aomori; Tokyo; Tsuruga; Knoshima; Tone R., near Tokyo. 
tsushime Jordan and Snyder. 
Tsushima. 
heptacantha (Hilgendorf). 
breunigi (Steindachner). 
urotenia (Hilgendorf). 


12. Cryptocentrus Ehrenberg. 


. filifer (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


Onomichi; Nagasaki; Wakanoura; Tokyo; Kobe; Tsuruga. 


no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 131 


13. Glossogobius Gill. 
24. brunneus (Schlegel). 
Hakodate; Onomichi; Kurume; Nagasaki; Wakanoura. 


14. Chenogobius Gill. 
25. annularis Gill. 
26. macrognathos (Bleeker). 
Funaki, Omi; Kurume; Aomori; Tokyo; Tsuruga; Chitose; Matsubara; Same; 
Gifu, Mino; Nagoya, Owari; Kawatana. 


15. Chloea Jordan and Snyder. 


27. castanea (O’Shaughnessy ). 

Nagasaki; Misaki; Matsushima; Aomori; Tsuruga; Niigata, Echigo. 
28. levis Steindachner. 
29. *mororana Jordan and Snyder. 

Mororan, Hokkaido; Tokyo, Matsushima. 
30. * sarchynnis Jordan and Snyder. 

Wakanoura. 

16. Chasmias Jordan and Snyder. 


. 


31. dolichognathus (Hilgendorf). 
Misaki; Wakanoura; Nagasaki; Tsuruga; Matsushima; Enoshima; Hakodate, 
Hokkaido; Same, Rikuoku. 
32. misakius Jordan and Snyder. 
Misaki; Nagasaki; Fnoshima; Hakodate; Tsushima. 


17. Pterogobius Gill. 

33. virgo (Schlegel) 

Miyajima; Uraga, Sagami. 
34. elapoides (Gunther). 

Hakodate; Matsushima; Aomori; Utatsu, Noto. 
35. *daimio Jordan and Snyder. 

Misaki; Wakanoura. 
36. *zacalles Jordan and Snyder. 


Misaki. 
37. *zonoleucus Jordan and Snyder. 
Misaki. 


18. Suruga Jordan and Snyder. 


38. * fundicola Jordan and Snyder. 
Suruga Bay; Matsushima; Sagami; Owari Bay. 


19. Acanthogobius Gill. 
39. flavimanus (Schlegel). 
Hakodate; Onomichi; Kurume; Nagasaki; Wakanoura; Misaki; Matsushima, 
Aomori; Tokyo; Tsuruga; Enoshima; Niigata; Yodo R., Osaka. 


20. Sagamia Jordan and Snyder. 


40. *russula Jordan and Snyder. 
Nagasaki; Misaki; Wakanoura. 


21. Synechogobius Gill. 
41. hasta (Schlegel). 
22. Paracheturichthys Bleeker. 
42. polynemus Bleeker. 
Tsuruga; Kobe; Nagasaki; Wakanoura; Hiroshima; Onomichi. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


49. 


54. 


o 
Ol 


57. 


stigmatias Richardson. 
Sasuna, Tsushima. 
hexanemus (Bleeker). 


Nagasaki; Tsuruga; Owari Bay; Aomori; Tokyo; 


Hakodate. 


23. Cheturichthys Richardson. 


* sciistius Jordan and Snyder. 
Tsuruga; Owari Bay; Aomori; Tokyo; Matsushima; Mororan; Hakodate. 


24. Ainosus Jordan and Snyder. 


geneionemus (Hilgendorf). 


Misaki. = 


barbatus Giinther. 


Tokyo. 


obscurus (Schlegel). 


20. 


Trixnopogon Bleeker. 


26. Tridentiger Gill. 


Matsushima; Mororan, 


Tsuruga; Aomori; Matsushima; Kawatana; Kobe; Kurume; Nagasaki; Misaki; 
Wakanoura; Same; Enoshima; Niigata; Tone R.; Ise; Ishikawa-ken. 
*bucco Jordan and Snyder. 


Misaki; Tokyo. 


Lifasciatus Steindachner. 


Tokyo; Nagasaki. 


27. Astrabe Jordan and Snyder. 


*Jactisella Jordan and Snyder. 


Misaki. 


28. Clariger Jordan and Snyder. 


*eosmurus Jordan and Snyder. 


Misaki. 


29. Huteniichthys Jordan and Snyder. 


* gilli Jordan and Snyder. 
Tone R., near Tokyo. 


gultatus Gall. 


© 
« 


30. Luciogobius Gill. 


Tokyo; Hakodate; Nagasaki; Wakanoura; Same, in Rikuoku. 


. petersi Hilgendorf. 


31. Leucopsarion Hilgendorf. 


Niigata; Hiroshima. 


99 


ve. 


Trypauchen Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


* wake Jordan and Snyder. 
Owari Bay; Kobe; Wakanoura. 


lacepedet (Schlegel). 
Wakanoura. 


99 


Ovo. 


Tenioides Lacépede. 


A FLIGHTLESS AUK, MANCALLA CALIFORNIENSIS, FROM 
THE MIOCENE OF CALIFORNIA. 


By Freperic A. Lucas, 


Acting Curator of Vertebrate Fossils. 


The name J/ancalla cali forniensis is proposed for a fossil flightless 
auk, represented by a nearly complete left humerus found in excavat- 
ing Third street tunnel at Los Angeles, California, in strata considered 
by Mr. W.H. Dall as belonging to the Upper Miocene or Lower Plio- 
cene, probably the former. The type is No. 4976 in the catalogue of 
fossil vertebrates, U. S. National Museum. The genus is character- 
ized by a short flattened humerus, devoid of the customary sigmoid 
flexure, by the moving of the articular head of the humerus toward 
the ulnar border, and by the development of the ridge for the attach- 
ment of the brachialis inferior muscle. Total length of specimen 
68 mm. 

That the bird was flightless is shown at once by the shortness and 
flatness of the humerus, and further by the fact that the bone lacks the 
slightly sigmoid shape characteristic of the humeri of flying birds, 
being instead slightly concave on the ulnar border. Absence of the 
power of flight is also shown by the moving of the articular head of 
the humerus toward the ulnar side, as in birds which fly well the 
articular face is well toward the radial border. In the penguins this 
face is as far down on the ulnar border as the lowest point of the 
inferior crest, and in the flightless Great Auk the articular surface is 
nearer the ulnar border than in any other member of the auk family 
save the one under consideration. The inferior crest is stout and well 
developed, and incloses a large subtrochanteric fossa. This is pierced 
for an artery, and so is the corresponding fossa of the Great Auk, while 
no such perforation is present in the specimens of Lomuza, Alca, or 
Lunda examined. 

The humerus has a Jarger medullary cavity than has the correspond- 
ing bone of the Great Auk, and it is interesting to recall that the leg 
bones of Hesperonis, the most highly specialized of aquatic birds, 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1245. 188 
oo 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


were also hollow, and probably filled with marrow. In the penguins 
the leg bones are filled with cancellar tissue. 

The bird to which this humerus belonged was more highly special- 
ized, more completely adapted for subaquatic flight, than the Great 
Auk, although the wings were not so extremely modified as those of 
the penguins. This is probably due to the fact that the penguins swim 
solely with their wings, while the auks use both wings and feet. The 
occurrence of a flightless auk at so low a geological horizon as the Mio- 
cene is of great interest,as indicating a much earlier origin for the 
family. From the greater degree of specialization of the wings, it is 


Figs. 1 AND 2.—SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR VIEWS OF TYPE SPECIMEN OF MANCALLA CALIFORNIENSIS. 
FIG. 3.—CORRESPONDING PORTION OF LEFT HUMERUS OF LOMVIA TROILE CALIFORNICA, ALL SLIGHTLY 
ENLARGED. 


fair to infer that the body of M/ancalla was larger in proportion to the 
size of the humerus than that of the Great Auk, and that hence the 
actual bulk of the two was not greatly dissimilar. J/ancalla was cer- 
tainly larger than any of the murres, although its nearest living rela- 
tive appears to be the Pacific Murre, Lomwia troile californica. 

In small birds absence of the power of flight implies freedom from 
enemies, and as this practically means isolation, it is probable that this 
flightless auk bred on some islands near the coast. The mollusk fauna 
associated with the specimen is Miocene in its aspect, and also indicates 
a cooler climate than that now prevailing in the latitude of Los 
Angeles, approximately that of Puget Sound. 


AN ANNOTATED LIST OF MAMMALS COLLECTED IN THE 
VICINITY OF LA GUAIRA, VENEZUELA. 


By Wirt Rosrnson, 
Captain, U. S. Army, 
and 


Marcus Warp Lyon, Jr., 


Aid, Division of Mammals. 


During the summer of 1900 the authors spent six weeks collecting 
in the vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela. The present paper embodies 
the results of the trip so far as mammals are concerned; the birds, 
reptiles, and batrachians are treated in the two succeeding articles in 
this volume. 

La Guaira, the seaport town of the Venezuelan capital, Caracas, lies 
along the foot of a range of lofty mountains. This range breaks away 
from the eastern chain of the Andes in Colombia, bears northeast until 
it reaches the coast of the Caribbean Sea near Puerto Cabello, thence 
hugs the shore in an almost due east direction, and finally ends opposite 
the island of Trinidad. For the greater part of this latter course the 
slopes fall precipitately into the sea, the waves of the Caribbean break- 
ing against the foot of the mountains themselves, but in places there 
is a littoral strip or terrace of no great width. 

The mountains immediately behind La Guaira reach a height of 8,000 
feet, buf from this point fall away gradually as one proceeds to the 
eastward. There are in the vicinity of La Guaira few or no passes 
through these mountains. Seven miles to the west there is a rugged 
gap, high up on the side of which winds the English railroad to Caracas. 
To the eastward there are no near-by breaks in the chain. 

Upon these peaks there is constant precipitation, and frequent streams 
of fine water furrow ravines in their course to the sea. The channels 
of these streams are well wooded, and would afford good ground for the 
collector were they not rendered so difficult by their cramped canyon- 
like character, their precipitous descent, and their bowlder-strewn beds. 
The few trails that exist avoid these streams and zigzag up the crests 
of the more practicable slopes. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1246. 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


This northern coast of Venezuela is noted for its heat. The tropi- 
cal sun beats upon it without mercy, and where water fails the aspect 
of the country is that of a desert. The littoral plain near La Guaira, 
where not watered by the acequias, or irrigation trenches, which bring 
the water from high up on the courses of the mountain streams, is 
parched and dusty, and given over to Agaves, Cacti of various kinds 
(Opuntia, Cereus, Melocactus), and to a sage-brush-like plant (Lantana) 
of characteristic odor. But wherever water can be obtained the plain 
assumes a most fertile and flourishing character. Such is the condi- 
tion at Macuto, three miles east of La Guaira. Still farther to the 
east, some seven miles from La Guaira, a large stream comes down a 
fair-sized valley. Before debouching upon the plain, its water is all 
carried off to the right and left by the aceguias, and used to operate 
sugar mills and afterwards to irrigate wide fields of cane. 

In what might be called the delta of these two acequias lies the little 
strageling village of Caraballeda, and a short distance up in the mouth 
of the valley itself are some dozen scattered huts, the group bearing 
the name of San Julian. 

Immediately back of the littoral plain there rises to about 500 feet a 
first row of red-clay foothills of the same character of vegetation as 
the plain. Behind these foothills, and springing almost from their 
tops, rise the mountains proper, and these latter are more or less well 
wooded, but are too steep and rough to afford collecting ground. On 
their southern aspect these mountains appear to be wooded only in the 
folds, while the ridges are covered with coarse grasses. . 

The western slopes of the San Julian Valley, although precipitous, 
have been cleared where it was possible for the peons to climb, and 
have been planted with coffee; but as the coffee plants require shade, 
fruit trees of several kinds have been set out, so that the hills may 
still be said to be wooded. About three miles up the valley the virgin 
forest is encountered. 

Owing to several causes of uncertainty the trip could not be decided 
upon until the last minute, and less than a week was available for 
preparation. As a consequence there were some deficiencies in the 
outfit, notably in the number of Schuyler rat killers, the trap which 

ras found to be by far the most useful. 

Sailing from New York on June 21, the writers reached La Guaira 
on the morning of July 1. 

Ten days spent in collecting in the vicinity resulted in but slight 
success, owing partly to a week’s delay in getting guns through the 
custom-house, partly to the apparent scarcity of mammalian life, and 
partly to the prevailing drought and to poor luck at trapping. For- 
tunately a portion of the outfit was a cane gun, which ‘escaped the 
notice of the customs officials, and with which a number of bats and 
small birds were secured. 


No. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 137 


On July 6 Captain Robinson made a reconnoissance along the rail- 
road to Caracas in search of better collecting ground, but saw only one 
place that looked at all promising, a station called Cucuruti, about 
halfway up the road. He spent a half day here on July 7, but was 
unable to arrange for food or shelter. 

On July 11 he made a second reconnoissance, this time to San Julian, 
and finding that the ground was favorable and that he could secure a 
vacant hut, he moved there on July 13 and remained until August 10. 
Mr. Lyon joined him on July 16, but was compelled by illness to 
return to La Guaira on July 22. He shortly after moved to Macuto, 
where he collected until August 10, in the meantime making one 
excursion for bats to a cave near Peia de Mora, on the La Guaira and 
Caracas Railroad, 9 miles below Caracas and at an elevation of 2,295 
feet. 

The return steamer to New York was taken on August 15. 

In submitting these notes the writers wish to express their indebted- 
ness to Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., for much advice on technical points; 
to Dr. J. A. Allen, of New York City, Mr. Witmer Stone, of Phila- 
delphia, and Mr. Outram Bangs, of Boston, for the examination of 
South American material in their possession; and to Mr. Oldfield 
Thomas, who compared several specimens with types in the British 
Museum. 

Owing to his connection with the U. S. National Museum and facili- 
ties for comparisons and references, the descriptions of new species 
and the technical parts of this paper are entirely the work of the junior 
author, while the field notes have been almost exclusively compiled by 
Captain Robinson. 

Where specimens are listed by numbers in the following pages it 
should be observed that those specimens preceded by the letters ‘* W. 
R.” are in Captain Robinson’s collection,’ while specimens unpreceded 
by letters belong to the Museum collection. Measurements of speci- 
mens are in millimeters unless otherwise stated. 


1. DIDELPHIS KARKINOPHAGA Zimmermann. 
FLESH-EATING OPOSSUM. 

Local name: Rabo Pelado, 7. e., skinned, or hairless tail. 

1897. Didelphis karkinophaga ALLEN and Cuapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., TX, 
p. 23. 
1900. Didelphis karkinophaga Banas, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, I, p. 89. 
Represented by five specimens, an adult female and four young. 

This was the first mammal trapped, and all were taken in rat killers 
baited with bananas. They are very tenacious of life, none being 
killed by: the traps. 


1 During the course of printing this paper Captain Robinson has generously pre- 
sented a large number of his specimens to the U. 8. National Museum, 


188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


The adult and two of the young possess long black hairs scantily 
overlying the under-fur. One of the young has these black hairs 
replaced by white, and in another most of the black hairs are so 
replaced. The tail is eminently prehensile. Measurements of the 
adult female: Length, 700; tail, 350; hind foot, 50. 

2. CALUROMYS PHILANDER (Linnaeus). 


WOOLLY OPOSSUM. 
Local name: Comadreja, a misnomer, as the word is Spanish for weasel. 
1888. Didelphys philander THomas, Cat. Marsupialia and Monotremata, Brit. Mus., 
p- 337. 
1894. Didelphys (Philander) philander Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., 
XIII, p. 439. 
1900. Caluromys philander ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 189. 

One adult female and three young collected by Captain Robinson 
at San Julian. The tail is uniformly brown in color, as in C. trinitatis 
(Thomas) instead of having the terminal portion white, which is said 
to be typical of specimens from Guiana. Its skull measures a trifle 
less than that of the female given by Mr. Thomas in his Catalogue 
of the Marsupialia. In the following measurements the figures in 
parentheses are those given by Mr. Thomas. Skull: Basal length, 44 
(48); greatest breadth, 28.5 (31); nasals, length, 20 (21.5); maximum 
breadth, 7 (6.8); minimum breadth, 3.5 (3.3); postorbital processes, 
tip to tip, 15.5 (16); intertemporal constriction, 9.8 (9.5); palate, 
length, 25 (28); breadth outside m’, 15 (16.5); inside m*, 10.5 (11.5); 
length molars 1-8, 7 (8). 

Dimensions of female collected at San Juliin, August 1: Length, 
517; tail, 307; hind foot, 38. 

One is struck at once by the difference in aspect between this and 
the common opossum; its rounded head, much more rounded than is 
usually represented in cuts; its large, mild, yellowish-brown eyes, so 
different from the beady black eyes of the other species; its woolly fur 
with no coarse hair, and its very long and slender prehensile tail. 
The young cling to their mothers’ wool by their tails, mouths, hands, 
and feet, and the strength of their grasp is remarkable. The pouch 
of the female is lined with orange-brown hair and. contains six rather 
prominent mammee. 

3. PERAMYS BREVICAUDATUS (Erxleben). 
SHORT-TAILED PIGMY OPOSSUM. 
Local name: Ratén Casiragua. 
1888. Didelphys brevicaudata Tuomas, Cat. Marsupialia and Monotremata, Brit. Mus., 
p- 306. 

Only one specimen of this interesting little animal was secured, a 
young female trapped at San Julian on August 7. It was taken in a 
thicket of vines near a stream, in a cyclone trap baited with rolled oats. 
Its tail is not prehensile. The specimen was identified by Mr. Oldfield 
Thomas. It measures as follows: Leneth, 144; tail, 55; hind foot, 17. 


NO. 1246, MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 189 


4. CABASSOUS LUGUBRIS (Gray). 


NAKED-TAILED ARMADILLO. 
Local name: Cachicamo. 


1873. Ziphila lugubris Gray, Hand-List of the Edentate, Thick-skinned, and Rumi- 
nant Mammals in the British Museum, p. 23. 

1899. Tatoua (Ziphila) lugubris Mruuer, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIII, p. 6. 

1900. Cabassous hispidus Banas, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, I, p. 89. 


One specimen, a young male, was obtained by Captain Robinson at 
San Juliin on July 11. Its measurements were: Length, 498; tail, 
192; hind foot, 73. . 

It was kept alive until the following day. When put down near 
water it waded in and drank freely by rapidly protruding and retract- 
ing its slender tongue. This was 8 mm. wide at the widest point, 
and could be extended 60 mm. beyond the tip of the nose. There 
were fleshy filaments in the nostrils pointing to the front, and prob- 
ably serving the purpose of the hairs in the nostrils of other animals. 
Its gait was very awkward; it stepped on the tips of the large claws 
of its forefeet and turned in its hind feet with the waddle of a musk- 
rat Its testes were abdominal. Its penis was recurved and turned 
to the left, so that in urinating a fine stream was ejected backward 
between its hind legs and to the left of its tail, This is probably a 
result of its burrowing habits. Its excrements were rounded and 
very hard, consisting apparently of earthy and gritty matter taken in 
along with its food. It made no attempt to roll up when molested, 
but if grasped around the middle would press forcibly against one’s 
fingers with its heavy foreclaws. 


5. TAYASSU TAJACU (Linnzus). 
BRAZILIAN COLLARED PECCARY. 


Local name: Baquira. 


1889. Dicotyles tajassu Corr, Amer. Naturalist, X XIII, pp. 146-147. 
1897. Dicotyles tajacu ALLEN and CHapMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 22. 


Represented by one living specimen purchased in the market at 
La Guaira and now in the National Zoological Park, Washington, 
D.C. It may be 7. torvus Bangs,’ but this can not be determined 
without an examination of its skull. At San Julian Captain Robinson 
saw the hides of four that had been killed the previous year by the 
dogs of one of the natives. Some years ago small bands of six or 
eight came frequently to the clearings, but now they are not so 
abundant. 


1Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XII, 1898, p. 164. 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


6. PROECHIMYS GUAIRZ Thomas. 
LA GUAIRA SPINY RAT. 
1901. Proechimys guairze Tuomas, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash., XIV, p. 27. 

Mr. Oldfield Thomas kindly described this rat from specimens sub- 
mitted to him. In his description he says that it is closely related to 
Proechimys mincw Allen, from the Santa Marta region of Colombia. 
As he had no specimens from that locality with which to make the 
actual comparison, the following comparison made with topotypes 
of P. mince in the American Museum of Natural History will be of 
interest in proving the distinctness of the Venezuelan species. 

Proechimys mince is rauch brighter in coloration throughout, the 
bright ochraceous color of the hairs is retained all over the upper 
parts, sides, legs, and cheeks. In P. guavrw the back alone is a 
rather dull ochraceous which bleaches out along the sides, legs, and 
cheeks so that viewed from the side ?. guazraw is clay color instead of 
the ochraceous seen in P. mince. The tail of P. guaire is slightly 
lighter above, has slightly longer hairs, a few of which are whitish in 
color, while the hairs on the dorsal surface of the tail in P. mince 
are invariably dark. The skulls are quite similar, but in P. guwacre 
the anterior palatine foramina are much wider than they are in P. 
mince, and the outer edges more concave and scooped out. The con- 
dyloid process of the mandible in P. guacre is wider by from 1 to 2 
millimeters than it is in P?. mince, and the distance between the 
coronoid process and the condyle is greater than the corresponding 
distance in the Santa Marta animal. 

Six were taken around the edges of a small clearing about two miles 
up the ravine east of La Guaira. All were caught in rat-killers 
baited with bananas and set under bowlders on the precipitous hill- 
sides. Three were taken in a similar locality at San Julian. An 
adult female taken at San Julian on July 17 had 6 mamme, 2 ingui- 
nal and 4 latero-pectoral. These last 4 are readily overlooked, as 
they are not at all on the under surface of the animal, but well up on 
the flanks among the coarse hair of the upper parts. The skin of 
these rats is of extreme tenderness, especially around the root of the 
tail and the back of the neck, tearing at the slightest touch. 


. 


Measurements. , 
No. Loeality. Date. Sex. Length. Tail. Foot. 
WR 1476 | La Guaira....| July 8! Male ....... 455 203 52 


Bo (ove |S ae do. 430 | 190 48 
.| July 9] Female 387 | 180 47 
-| July 11 | Male .. 209 No tail. 48 
July 12 | Female 361 | 148 45 
aiitiby; el Sul aNiell eu ee eee Rees eee (Raed i es ae 
RI July 17 | Femal 435 | 210 50 
PR A516) Soe Oe cms ana. Oean| BNIB eecmeree 450 195 | 51 
WR 


GS Bien | seer. Gojses2ceee Aug. 4 | Young male Bie 170 | 46 


| 


1Type. 2 Presented to British Museum. 


NO. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 141 


7. COELOGENYS PACA (Linnzus). 
SPOTTED CAVY. 
Local name: Lapa. 
1893. Coelogenys paca ALLEN and CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, p. 228. 
1900. Coelogenys paca Banas, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, I, p. 99. 

Two specimens badly mutilated by dogs and machetes were secured 
from the natives at San Julian. They were edult males. These are 
thickset animals of the general proportions of a guinea pig and ex- 
tremely heavy for their size. Their eyes are nearer the frontal plane 
than usually represented in figures. The tail is a mere stub with a 
callous tip. The skin is composed of several layers. The outer, which 
is brown on the upper parts and white beneath, is of extreme tender- 
ness and tears even under the edge of a keen knife. The under layer 
is thick and fibrous and cuts like wet surgeon’s cotton. It clings so 
tightly to the flesh that it must be dissected free. Any attempt to 
remove the hide by pulling results in splits in the tender outer skin, 
showing the white fibrous layer beneath. 

On each side of the anus there is a large oval gland protruding farther 
to the rear than the tail and resembling a testis. These glands measure 
30 by 20 mm. Horizontally across the middle runs a cleft, and if the 
gland be pressed at the top and bottom, it opens along this cleft and 
becomes everted like two thick, protruding lips, rolling back and 
revealing a somewhat nodular surface. 

The sexual organs are peculiar. The testes are abdominal. The 
penis has on either side of the dorsum of the glans a corneous plate, 
hinged on the inner edge and with strong hooked thorns on the free 
edge. The fore part of the organ is thickly beset with recurved spines 
and terminates in two white, horny, conical tubes or awns, one-half 
inch long. 

The flesh of the lapa is more highly esteemed by the natives than 
that of any other game, and the animals readily bring from $2 to $3 
each in the markets. 

They were formerly abundant in the forests at San Julian, and are 
still fairly common. Ata small village 10 miles farther to the east 
there are two brothers who had killed over 60 lapas in the preceding 
twelve months. 

As might be inferred from the character of the feet and hair and 
position of the eyes, the lapa takes freely to water when pursued and 
dives and swims beneath the surface with ease. They often squat 
with only their nostrils and eyes above the water. 


Measurements. 


| | 
No. | Locality. Date. | Sex. | Length. 


WR 1604 


San Julifn....| Aug. 1 | Male ..... 665 26 | 110 
WR 1659 8 } 


eae aoe Aug. 


i 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


8 HETEROMYS MELANOLEUCUS Gray. 


WHITE AND BLACK POUCHED RAT. 


‘ ? 


Local name: Mochilero, i. e., one who carries a ‘ mochila,”’ or knapsack. 


1868. Heteromys melanoleucus GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 204. 
1900. Heteromys melanoleucus BANGS, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, I, p. 98. 


Three (one adult and two young) were taken at San Julian and 
another immature specimen at Macuto. Mr. Oldfield Thomas says of 
these that they are essentially topotypes. They were taken among 
vines and underbrush, not far from open spots covered with coarse 
grass. Their pouches are lined scantily with short, whitish hairs, and 
will contain almost a teaspoonful. It is worthy of note that a portion 
of the contents of the pouches of the Macuto specimen and of one of 
the San Julian specimens consisted of fragments of a shed skin of a 
snake. 

Measurements of the adult female taken at San Julian August 7: 
Length, 282; tail, 156; hind foot, 33. 


9. SIGMODON SANCTA2MARTZ Bangs. 
SANTA MARTA COTTON RAT. 


1898. Sigmodon sanctemartx BANes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XII, pp. 189-190. 
1900. Sigmodon sanctemarte Banes, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, I, p. 98. 

Only one specimen, an adult male, trapped at San Julian on July 29. 
It was taken in a rat-killer baited with corn and set under some loose 
stones on the edge of a small cleared patch. Persistent trapping in 
the same locality for some days thereafter produced no result. 
Measurements: Length, 288; tail, 127; hind foot, 35. 


10. ORYZOMYS MEDIUS, new species. 
LA GUAIRA RICE MOUSE. 


Type.—Young adult male, skin and skull, No. 105405, U.S. N. M. 
From San Julian, 8 miles east of LaGuaira, Venezuela, August 8, 1900. 

Characters.—Most nearly related to Oryzomys mollipilosus Allen and 
O. magdaline Allen, both from the Santa Marta district of Colombia. 
In external size and in coloration of the skin it most nearly. resembles 
—O. magdaline, but in size and shape of skull it agrees more closely 
with O. mollipilosus. 

Pelage.—Soft and velvety, hairs on the back about 9 or 10 milli- 
meters long; about half that length or a little less on the under parts. 

Color.—Type: The upper parts an indefinite mixture of raw sienna 
and a deep blackish brown, the latter predominating on the median 


No. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 1438 


2 


dorsal area. The raw sienna is more extensive on the lateral dorsal 
regions and on the sides; as it approaches the belly it bleaches out to 
buff in color. Upper surfaces of the legs grayish. Dorsal surface of 
feet covered with a few short whitish hairs. Entire under parts, 
including region about mouth and under surfaces of legs, light gray. 
Fur everywhere slate color at base. Tail brownish throughout, darker 
above and at the tip, lighter beneath; clothed with a few fine short 
dark hairs about three to a scale, and in length equal to about a scale’s 
length and a half. Ears brownish, clothed inside and out with a few 
short fine dark hairs, more numerous and darker externally. 

An old adult nursing female has a greater predominence of the raw 
sienna. This color is brighter than in the type and approaches tawny 
ochraceous. The hairs of the under parts are much worn and almost 
slate gray. 

Measurements.—Type: Total length, 262; tail, 138; hind foot, 31; ear 
from meatus (measured on the dry skin), 17. Aver: ge of four speci- 
mens, length, 260; tail, 134; hind foot, 31. 

Skull.—Intermediate in size between that of Oryzomys mollipilosus 
and O. magdalina, but similar in shape to that of former. The inter- 
orbital region is narrowed and the temporal beading well developed, 
as in O, mollipilosus, but the brain case is broader behind and the 
upper tooth row longer by half the last molar. Palate wider between 
the molars. Comparing the skull of Oryzomys medius with that of O. 
magdaline it is seen to be narrower interorbitally, the beading more 
convergent, so that if prolonged forward the lines would meet at the 
posterior end of the nasals. In 0. magdalinw they would meet at 
middle of nasals. The brain case of O. med/us is more expanded, the 
rostrum shorter. The upper tooth rows are of the same length in each, 
but the teeth are wider in QO. medius than in O. magdaline. 

Measurements of the type skull: Total length, 30.4; basal length, 
25; zygomatic width, 14.2; mastoid width, 11; least interorbital width, 
Ne length of nasals, 12; palatal length, 6.4; length of palatal foramina, 4; 
length of upper tooth row, 4.6; ereatest length of lower jaw, 17.6; 
depth of lower jaw at condyle, 7.2; length of lower tooth row, 5. 

Oryzomys medius is based on four specimens, a fully adult female 
and three young adult males, measurements of which are given below. 
As already mentioned, it is intermediate between and at the same time 
entirely distinct from QO. mollipilosus and O. magdalinw. The color 
of the old female is almost precisely the same as that of O. magdaline, 
but O. mollipilosus is a lighter colored animal. In the structure of the 
skull, however, O. medius and O. mollipilosus are remarkably alike. 

Three specimens were taken at San Julian under some vines and 
stones around a dead stump on the edge of a coffee plantation. They 
were captured in cyclone traps baited with rolled oats. A fourth 
specimen was taken at Macuto. 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements. 


No. Locality. Date. Sex. Length. | Tail. Foot. 


| 
a 
| 
p | 130 32 


WR 1648 | San Julidn..| Aug. 7] Male . 246 128 30 
WRiGhd Vee es doeeaee Ags, Sheed Oeae 262 
102735 Macuto..... Aug. 5 | Female. 271 140 31 
1105405 | San Julidn..| Aug. 8 | Male ... 262 138 31 
1Type. 


11. MUS NORVEGICUS Erxleben. 
COMMON BROWN RAT. 


Common at Macuto and at La Guaira, where they were found 
around the sewer openings along the beach and in the houses of the 
town. ‘Two specimens from La Guaira; one from Macuto. 


12, MUS MUSCULUS Linnzus. 
HOUSE MOUSE. 


Abundant. They played around the hotel floor at La Guaira in 
broad daylight. Several were trapped at San Julian at a considerable 
distance from any hut. Two specimens from La Guiara; one from 
San Julian. 

13. SCIURUS GRISEOGENA (Gray). 
GRAY-CHEEKED SQUIRREL. 
Local name: Ardita. 
1867. Macroxus griseogena Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3d ser., XX, p. 429. 

Mr. Thomas says of specimens ‘submitted to him: ‘*The squirrel is 
very typical of S. griscogena Gray, the specimen, No. 102721, being 
more exactly like the type than any others of the large numbers we 
have here [in the British Museum].” 

As this species is imperfectly known, the following description will 
not be out of place: 

Color.—Entire upper surface of head, body, hind legs, and base of 
tail, and sides of body a fine grizzle of dull orange-buff and black. 
Bases of hairs and underfur slate color; rest of hair black to and 
including the tip, except two, or sometimes only one, ring about 
14 mm. wide of dull orange-buff. A few hairs are black throughout. 
In some specimens the black hairs are quite abundant and the orange- 
buff rings reduced to very narrow bands, so that the back appears 
darker than in the average specimen. Under parts of body and legs, 
orange-rufous; upper surface of forelegs, fore and hind feet, a dull 
hazel or cinnamon-rufous; base of tail above and below colored as the 
back; the tip black. The intermediate portion above varies in indi- 
viduals from bright hazel to orange-rufous, and a few specimens have 
some black intermixed. Outer edge of under surface of tail about 


NO. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 145 


10 mm. in width, the same color as upper surface; that is, hazel or 
orange-rufous. This is followed by a narrow band almost black in 
color. The central portion of the under surface of the tail is a mixture 
of blackish and dull orange-buff, the latter color predominating. 

Skull.—Premolars }, braincase somewhat elongated; highest point 
of skull just posterior to line of postorbital processes. Audital bullee 
rather small. The skulls show little individual variation, and three 
adults average as follows: Maximum length, 50.4; basal length, 43.3; 
maximum width, 29.8; interorbital constriction, 16.3; length of nasals, 
median line, 15.7; length of upper molar series, 9. 

Scvurus griseogena very closely resembles Sc/urus wstuans hoffmanni 
Peters. The general appearance of the dorsal surface of the body and 
limbs is more olivaceous, due to the more buffy color of the sub- 
terminal bands of the hairs. The under parts are much brighter in 
color, being orange-rufous instead of tawny-ochraceous or dull fer- 
ruginous as in hoffmanni. The coloration of the tail in gr/seogena is 
much redder than that of offmann? and lacks the conspicuous admix- 
ture of black seen in the Central American squirrel, the terminal 
reddish bands being much wider and the subterminal black bands 
narrower than the corresponding ones found in hoffinann?. The 
skulls resemble one another very closely and present no differences 
except that the premolars in griseogena are larger than they are in 
hoffmanni. It apparently needs no comparison with the bright 
colored, white-bellied squirrels of the variabilis type that have been 
collected in the Santa Marta region of Colombia. 

These squirrels were abundant at San Juliin and were also found at 
La Guaira and at Macuto. In all 27 specimens were secured. At 
San Julian the majority were taken in the coffee plantations where 
they resorted to feed on the sweet pulp in the seed pods of the various 
species of Guamas, one of the fruit trees planted to shade the coffee. 
Others were shot as they fed on aguacates, on mangoes, and on bana- 
nas. The natives stated that they do much damage to green corn. 

At San Julian in the latter part of July and first of August at least 
a dozen were seen daily. They were rutting at this season and the 
males were pursuing the females. On July 24 five males were shot 
in a few minutes, all after the same female. At these times they bark, 
but the sound is low and guttural. There was not heard any chirring 
sound nor the shrill sneezing, characteristic of our red squirrel. They 
resemble this species in the readiness with which they descend to the 
ground and take refuge in holes in the rocks instead of hiding among 
the branches. 


Proc New. vol xxiv 0110 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements. 


No. Sex. Length. | Tail. Foot. Remarks. 
| . 
WR 1492 | Young 345 170 50 
male 
WR 1499 | Male -...-.-. 430 208 52 
| WR 1501 | Female... 390 zy, 50 Mamm, 6. 
| WR 1517 | Male 2..-.. 400 184 | 53 
| WR 1528 | Female... 383 180 51 do. 
WR 1529 | Male ..... 393 192 52 
WR 1546 Female... 410 i) e220 53 do. 
WAR) Da seen do. 388 187 50 do. 
WER aS iF alse dowere 411 198 51 do. 
WR 1555 Male ...-- 400 188 50 
WR 1556 Young] 383 194 | 54 
male | 
WR 1557 Male ....-} 396 195 51 
WiRwlbd587 Nee eee doOie=: 406 192 54 
WiKi, 1559)” |e-e does 397 190 54 
WR 1564 | Female... 393 197 53 do. 
WR 1565 Young) 367 172 52 
| “male: | 
WR 1596 Male...--. 412 197 52 
WER SIG30" eaace does. 386 182 50 | 
WRul631 .jl-2.<5 dope 408 194 52 | 
LODMST Wseaee Oresse 382 175 51 
LODO ese (610) Se ae 390 186 49 | 
102720 Female ...| 396 199. | 51 
102721 Males Sele oee neta Peete ences .| Presented to British 
| | | Museum. 
102722 Female...) 409 190 51 
102723 | Young fe- 376 205 49 
| male. 
102724 Hemel Cieeyy ech a ee | Seana loseeeeee do. 
102725) |\eee se Gores: 395 195 | 49 


14. CANIS CANCRIVORUS Desmarest. 


CRAB-EATING DOG. 


Local name: Zorro Perro, i.e. Dog Fox, to distinguish it from other widely different 
animals to which the name Zorro, Fox, is applied. 


1820. Canis cancrivorus DEsMAREST, Mammalogie, p. 199. 
1898. Urocyon aquilus Banas, Proce. Biol. Soc. Wash., XII, pp. 93-94. 
1900. Urocyon aquilus Banas, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, I, p. 100. 

In the hut of a native at San Julian there were two small fox cubs 
that had been caught some time in June in a cane field as the cane was 
being cut. They were dusky colored like the cubs of our gray fox, 
One died about July 20, and the other had become very tame when 
he was killed for catching a newly hatched chicken. On July 31 a 
half-grown cub was brought in by some boys whose dogs had caught 
and killed it. On August 3 the same boys brought in an adult male 
and on August 7 another half-grown cub. 

The cubs are very like our gray fox of the same age, but the like- 
ness disappears in the adult, which, although of about the same size, 
has a much less bushy tail, is more tawny about the flanks, and is not 
so grizzled. 

The adult measured: Length, 940; tail, 290; hind foot, 145; height. 
at shoulder, 400. 


 —— 


No. 1246, MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 147 


There is some variation in the sizes of the skull and teeth of the 
crab-eating dogs along the northern coast of South America, as is seen 
by the following table: 


Measurements. 


é \ lao at lg 
2 s |38 Iss |3 |s | 4. 
Si ee 2 Qa a | ,, oO op sche) 
3 = d is ge loa’ | o ® oc 
aS a S Ea Fog) Pee a Mast a |e 
Locality aborts 1S Sem) sehen ere a am =| i A 
ocality. ) x a) = par g9o5| ga | ga fae 
A S fas aa la@s| 2 ls wal so | Bs BS 
2) os) 2} ae Soa = seco = 7S | 7 et 
= | | 6 |os lgogs| S&S \Bual 8° |e aS 
ay ° = Bo leno bo fh s| a o wo 
& a | Os om ail ce. ey eseiich| (rs a leo 
= anece PeCOm ena ae SS LS go 
~Q N | @& —Q jaa) A IG |e 1a = 
Santa Marta,Colombia! ...... 123 | 64 | 42.8 | 36.8} 19 | 61 94/14 | 9.8] 11.6 
see ee (OO SS SRE ee pe] eal O27 CaN He Fae) 22652 BOONOR), aL OLN slr 2h | 49 10 
san Julian, Venezuela ........ 123 | 76 45 43 20.2 | 65 107 | 13.2 | 10.4 1De?, 
Maturin, Venezuela.........- 122 | 74 45.5 | 37.5 | 21.8 | 65 105 | 18.2 | 9.4 10.4 
SEY GUE ATI SY = =: cn icpar at mre mi eee rier TADS Pata fe 36 | 21 Go) 5) LO 4 25) 928) |) 12.2 | 


1 Bangs’s collection, No. 8002. 
2 Type of Urocyon aquilus Bangs, Bangs’s collection, No. 8001. 


Mr. Bangs’s specimens from Santa Marta have a slightly grayer 
color and the hind feet are rather smaller. The material is too limited 
to form definite conclusions on the local forms of this dog. 


15. PUTORIUS AFFINIS (Gray). 
SOUTH AMERICAN WEASEL. 
Local name: Huron, the Spanish for ferret. 
1874. Mustela affinis Gray, Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th ser., XIV, p. 375. 
1896. Putorius affinis Merrtam, N. A. Fauna, No. 11, p. 31. 

A young male was shot at San Julian as it ran over some bowlders 
inaravine. Its eyes shone with the same greenish light as do the eyes 
of our common weasel, and it emitted the same strong odor. 

The specimen, identified by Mr. Oldfield Thomas, measures: Length, 
431; tail, 168; hind foot, 51. 


16. DESMODUS ROTUNDUS (Geoffroy). 


VAMPIRE, OR BLOOD-SUCKING BAT. 


1878. Desmodus rufus Dosson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 547. 
1900. Desmodus rufus J. A. ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 87. 
1900. Desmodus rotundus THomas, Ann. Mus. Ciy. Stor. Nat. Genoa, 2d ser., XX, p. 2. 
In the cave at Pena de Mora one specimen of this interesting bat 
was found in a mummified condition. It gave the following measure- 
ments: Forearm, 53; longest finger, 88; thumb with claw, 17; tibia, 
23; foot, 14. 
At San Juliin the donkeys were bitten almost nightly by bats, but 
although many attempts were made to secure specimens, and rewards 
were offered for them, none were obtained. The donkeys were usually 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


bitten on the withers or just along the base of the mane, and on sey- 
eral occasions the blood had flowed from the wound and trickled down 
the forelegs as far as the knee. In almost every shed or stable there 
was some contrivance to frighten away the bats. Usually pieces of 
tin or the wings of a black vulture stuck into a fruit of a pawpaw were 
suspended from the roof, so as to swing just above the backs of the 
animals. 


17. ARTIBEUS PLANIROSTRIS (Spix). 


LESSER ARTIBEUS. 


1878. Artibeus planirostris Dopson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 515. 
1897. Artibeus planirostris ALLEN and CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., LX, p. 15. 
1900. Uroderma planirostris BaNGs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, I, p. 101. 


While this bat is smaller than the one described under the same 
name by Dobson, it isthe one usually called A. planirostris, and shows 
no tangible differences from Brazilian examples in the Philadelphia 
Academy of Natural Sciences. 

Three specimens were obtained at Macuto. At first sight they 
resemble immature specimens of the large A. palimarum. ‘They, along 
with a couple of the larger species, were obtained by swishing the air 
with poles in a garden at night, at the same time attracting them by 
making with the tongue a clicking noise in imitation of their cry 


. 
“ 


They are preserved in alcohol and give the following measurements: 


Measurements. 


5 Nit ers | i | Longest | aye 
| No. | Sex. | Length. begecs finger. | Tibia. Foot. 
tr Ap aay ae | | . 
102894 | Male...... 75 60 | 117 | 22 14 | 
102895 Female... 73 | 59 121 22 15 
102896 |-...- doves: 70}, 57.4 120 | 21 | 16 | 
| \ 


18. ARTIBEUS PALMARUM Allen and Chapman. 
PALM ARTIBEUS. 


1897. Artibeus palmarum ALLEN and CHapMan, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 16. 
1900. Artibeus palmarum J. A. ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 89. 


Represented by 66 specimens—36 skins and 30 alcoholics. 

At early dawn on July 3 a number of these large bats were seen to 
fly into a cocoa palm near La Guaira. When the day became suffi- 
ciently bright to see clearly they were discovered hanging from the 
midribs of the leaves, and six were secured. They were afterwards 
found abundantly in the trees in the streets and park at Macuto. They 
hung in clusters of from one to a dozen or more. Mr. Lyon secured 
22 one morning, of which 10 were killed at one shot. Two were shot 
at San Juliin. They evidently roost by sexes. ‘They were often found 


No. 1246, MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 149 


in the dark recesses between the trunk of the cocoa palms and the 
pendent clusters of nuts, but were found most frequently in dense 
shade trees. 

They average over 21 inches in extent, and as their wings are broad 
they make a striking appearance when flying. When in flight, the 
white tips of their wings are conspicuous, although these are hardly 
noticeable in the dead specimens. Their eyes are prominent and light 
brown. ‘There are two mamme. 

Nearly all of the females obtained were either nursing or pregnant. 
A female taken at La Guaira on August 11 contained a nearly mature 
foetus 65 mm. in length and 248 in extent. Its body, including its 
ears and a portion of its wings, was covered with a very fine mem- 
brane which made it appear hairless, but when this membrane dried 
it could be brushed away, showing the short hair beneath. 


Measurements. 


No. Sex. | Length. | one | neeee Tibia. | Foot. 
| 
| | 
102866 | Female.....| 83 69 150 25 16 
102867 IMaleyeosse ae 89 | 65 140 25 18 
102868 Female..... 88 | 68 147 26 19 
102869, |o--2 = (o Koes £ 93 68 | 144 25 17 
LOZS70' x) 2208 2 doves. SOP th ae 150 27 18 
O28 |e es oe te= oe Sohaihes al 148 25 16 
NOZB7 2a e dopa. 87 65 138 24 16 
102873 | Male .....-. 83 68 | 142 24 17 
102874 Female..... 87 67 147 20 i) 16 
102875 | Male ....... 92 68 146 25C NALS 
LOZS7Gi ee ne dome 86 GOiS 148 QGoa wis 
102877 Female... -. 96 70 145 26 18 
102879 |...-- donee 81 68 139 25 17 
102880) S22 2k doves: 80 68 141 25 18 
102881 |....- Goren: 91 10%) || 147 25 16 
NOQZ8S 2 eee ae Gowas ss 90 | 69 147 Dien 18 
HOZ8SSy Sees does: 87 71 148 26 17 
102885) 2 ee GO 90 71 150 | 27 18 
HOZESG wae ee doers | SSE ae 70) 4 147 26:7 |) 418: 
102892 Males es. 83 69 145 Day | 17 


19. VAMPYROPS HELLERI Peters. 


HELLER’S STRIPED-BACKED BAT. 


1878. Vampyrops helleri Dosson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 524. 


This species has usually been confused with V. /éneatus, but the 
distinctness of the two can no longer be questioned. The present 
specimens agree perfectly with Dr. Peter’s original description. They 
are much lighter in color than V. /éneatus, and have the markings 
much more distinct. It is much smaller in every way, and both skins 
and skulls can be thus distinguished ata glance. The difference in size, 
however, is not so great as it is between V. vittatus and V. Uneatus. 

The following are the measurements of the two species, No. 8180, 
Bangs’s collection, and No. 1548, Robinson’s collection, the measure- 
ments in parentheses being those of /e/ler?. Forearm, 48 (37); long- 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


est finger, L00 (87); tibia, 16 (13); foot, 18 (11); greatest length of 
skull, 27 (23); greatest width of skull, 16.2 (14). 

Four females were secured at San Julian. They were found hang- 
ing together from the underside of some large plantain-like leaves 
in a dense and gloomy thicket at the foot of a cliff. When flushed 
they flew but a short distance, and on being started again they returned 
at once to their first roosting place. All contained foetuses almost 
ready for exclusion. 

The interfemoral membrane extends about 6 mm. beyond the end 
of the spine. The mamme are two. The tragus, lobe, base and rims 
of the ears, and parts of the nose leaf are lemon yellow. This color 
fades rapidly in the dried skins. 


Measurements. 


No. Sex. | Length. | Forearm. ee | Tibia. Foot. 

bed By jase Pi) aban 5 ia? 

WR 1541 | Female... 63 38 g2 | 13.6 10.6 
WR 1542 |....- doy-s! 61 35 85 1B 10 
WR 1543 |..... Gorse 63 - ay 4 87 13 ul 
WR 1544 |_...- do...: 61 35 | S7.:\ 4 10 


20. DERMANURA QUADRIVITTATUM (Peters). 


FOUR-STRIPED DERMANURE. 


1878. Artibeus quadrivittatus Dopson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 521. 
1900. Dermanura quadrivittata Banas, Proc. New Eng. Zod]. Club I, p. 101. 

Two nursing females and a young male of this species were caught 
under a loose scale of bark on a mango tree at San Julian on July 27. 
On July 31 two more were obtained in a clump of banana plants—one 
a nursing female, the other on the point of giving birth; and on 
August 3 three more were shot ina dense thicket of coffee plants—one 
a nursing female, one pregnant, and the third a male. 

One specimen, a male, preserved in alcohol was obtained at Macuto 
by swishing the air with sticks. 

In this species the rims of the ears, the tragus, and lobe are light 
yellowish, but not so highly colored as in the preceding species. 


Measurements. 


= a. om = \ 
l 
| Longest 


Number. Sex. Length. Forearm. finger. Tibia. | - Foot. 

7 F } =i J | ap | 
WR 1585 | Female...... 61 40 | 84 | 16 10 
WR 1586 | Young male. 54 | 37 71 13 10 Y 
WR 1587 | Female...... 60 40 | 84 | 14.2 | 96 
WR 1601 |..... ones 63 38.4 | 85 15 eon 
Wi 21602) 52252 (lores soe 60 | 39 | 87 14 | 10 
IN Vcesrenk Chufa | eres oe Oars 22 Gila 41 86 15 | 10 
NARUC RSE le Se (Oko Neo te 61 | 38 84 | 15 9.4 
WR 1619 | Male ........ eats eran Ral cs Bea 1) et eae 

TOI NE ge ClO} seeeeee o4 +} 40 87 | 14 | 9.4 


No. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 151 


21. GLOSSOPHAGA LONGIROSTRIS Miller. 
MILLER’S GLOSSOPHAGA. 


1898. Glossophaga longirostris MrtuER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1898, p. 330. 
1900. Glossophaga longirostris J. A. ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 89. 

Represented by 48 specimens—30 skins and 18 alcoholics. 

Found abundantly at La Guaira, Macuto, San Julian, and at Pefia 
de Mora, and in a great variety of situations—in hollow trees, in 
small caves and crevices in rocks, in holes under bowlders, under the 
drooping roots dangling from an overhanging bank, in unoccupied 
huts, in the attics of houses, etc. Nearly all of the females taken 
were either nursing or else far advanced in pregnancy. A female 
taken at La Guaira on July 4 measured 67 mm. in length and 292 in 
extent, and was carrying a young male whose length was 53 and extent 
215. The tongue can be extended 34 mm. beyond the tip of the nose. 
The interfemoral membrane extends 8 mm. beyond the tip of the tail. 
The mamme are two. 


Measurements. 


| | Greatest | 


Number. | Sex. Length.| Tail. Forearm.| zones Tibia. Foot. | length 
nger. || era 
| | | | of skull. 
WR 1458 | Female... 67 | 7.\. 6:6 78 11 A Pg Oita 
WR 1470 Malev: t. 70 Hal 37 81 16 12 23.6 
MURAI TIS es see doers 70 | 9 ail 77 16 | 11.4 | 22.6 
| WR 1472) 2-55 dole 69 | 8 37 78 15.4 | 10:4— | 23 
| Wa A473) oS = Gomes. ii 7 Sone 79 15 11 23.4 
WRIA T aS doaeres 70 9 36 77 16 10.4 23 
WR 1553 Female ... 69 7 36 78 15 11 23 
WR 1554 | Male .... 71 8 36 76 15 11 23 
WR 1563 Female... 71 8 36 80 15 10 23.2 
WR 1610 | Male ...-.. 70 11 36 77 14 11 23 
Vag tea (35 Dn La he ee dome 68 8 37 78 | 15 11 23 
WR 1614 —|Ds-.. (3 Yoh sea 68 (otal See ee ce) 15 11 Ivete ore eee 
WR 1658 Female... 74 | 10 38 78 | 16 | 11.6 23.4 


22. GLOSSOPHAGA SORICINA (Pallas). 
SHREW-LIKE GLOSSOPHAGA. 


1897. Glossophaga soricina, ALLEN and CHapMaAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., TX, 
p. 15. 
1898. Glossophaga soricina, J. A. ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 89. 
Represented by 4 skins collected at San Julian, where they were 
found associating with the much commoner species, G. longirostris. 
The habits of the two species are evidently the same. 


Measurements. 


| | Greatest | 


| | | 

= | : -, |Fore-| Longest | m;;- > = 

Number. Sex. Length. | Tail. | Sipe) Tibia. | Foot. | length Remarks. 
| jarm.| finger. | | of skull. | 
|e = z anaes 

WR 1577 | Female...| 63 7 | 33 TD PelfelSps wal Ge ie 2086 

WR1612 | Male ..... | 62 s 33 70 13.4 | 9.2 | 20.6 

WR 1613 Female...| 63 Sy ee33 65. |- 14 10 21 

WWARSL629) foes oe do 63 9 | 33 68 13 10 21 Pregnant. | 


ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


23. HEMIDERMA BREVICAUDUM (Wied). 
SHORT-TAILED HEMIDERMA. 


1878. Carollia brevicauda Doxgson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 493. : 
1897. Hemiderma brevicaudum ALLEN and CHapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., TX, 
p. 15. 
1900. HHemiderma brevicauda J. A. AuLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 90. 
Two males were secured at San Julian. The first was caught in a 
net as it darted out from under an overhanging rock where it was in 
company with several others of the same species, and with a number 
of the common Glossophaga. The second was shot a few days later 
ina small cave where it hung among a cluster of the Glossophagas. 


Measurements. 


Number. | Sex. Length. | Tail. | Forearm. Muga Tibia. | Foot. 
a —-—| ae we ls pee bees tes ss 
WR 1609 | Male.... 77 14 44 | 101 19 13 
WR 1653 |....do 
zt 


73 11 43 95 | 18 13 


24. PHYLLOSTOMA HASTATUM (Pallas). 
SPEAR-NOSED BAT. 


1878. Phyllostoma hastatum Dopson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus.,-p. 484. 

1897. Phyllostoma hastatum ALLEN and CHarmMan, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., EX, 
palo: 

1900. Phyllostoma hastatum J. A. ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 90. 


Represented by 20 specimens. Most of these bats were purchased 
from a native boy who found them in a hollow tree at Macuto. A 
bunch of smoking palm leaves was applied to the opening in the tree 
and as the bats flew out they were struck down with sticks or caught 
in a butterfly net. One specimen was struck down with a cane one 
evening in the city of La Guaira, and on August 3 one was shot at 
San Julian as it hung from a branch in the edge cf the forest. Some 
individuals of this species were seen roosting in an unused house at 
Macuto. 

Like the J/oloss? this bat appears in two color phases, a dark one, 
between black and clove brown, which is characteristic of all the young, 
and a red phase, between tawny and chestnut. No. 1620, Robinson 
collection, presents a mottled appearance due to an admixture of the 
two phases. 

This is the largest species of bat taken, some specimens exceeding 
2 feet in expanse. 


No. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 158 


ie surements. 


Ho de YY | 
No. Sex. Length, Tail. Fore- oe st | | Tibia. | Foot. | Remarks. 
| 
WR 1464. | Female... 13 OMe asl 154 | 29 20 | Black phase; skin. 
WWRI4G Ds hoses doi: 130 17 She Si 157 30 20 | Red phase; skin. 
WR 1466" |....-. dom 133 112) (ta) |! 5 aes 2 ie ae a aon eee eas ae | do. - 
WR 1508 | Male ..... 133 20 79 | 143 | 29 20 | Black phase; skin. 
WR 1620 | Female... 124 19:4) 84 163 30 21 | Red and black; skin. 
HOZSUS Es adore 138 iealeae 158 30 | 20 | Red phase; skin. 
102902 |....- LO Pee nl 22 18 83 | 160 33 20 | do. 
| 102904 |..... dome 2 | 14 80 | 163 39 91 | Black phase; skin. 
102905 Maile 2222 135 21 85 159 32 20'S) do. 
| 102906 |....- Cokoye es 120 sy eetstss 157 34 20 | Black phase; alcoholic. 
102907 Female... 1S'=|) 9 12 83 158 31 19 Red phase; alcoholic. 
102908 | Male ..... Loe 4 82 157 29 19 | Black phase; alcoholic. 
TO2STION Ee doce Ld 13/4) (Slt 4 153 30 21 do. 
TO29T2 7 |e eee GO as; 116 IDE S| 85; || 161 32 19 do. 


25. MICRONYCTERIS MEGALOTIS (Gray.) 


COMMON LONG-EARED BAT. 
1878. Schizostoma megalotis Donson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 478. 
1900. Miecronycteris megalotis J. A, ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 90. 

On July 3, in the ravine to the east of La Guaira, a native was met 
who, in answer to questions, stated that he knew where there were 
some bats in a cave near by. Upon being asked to point out the 
place, he went to a pile of vine-covered, waterworn bowlders 20 feet 
away and, kneeling down, parted the leaves and revealed a small open- 
ing several feet wide and 18 inches high. By lying prone and waiting 
until the eyes grew accustomed to the faint light it was seen that the 
opening extended about 4 feet under the bead and that a small 
cluster of bats of this species was clinging to the stone above. When 
disturbed they flew out, but some ed and others lit under over- 
hanging stones near by. Two were shot and two caught in the butter- 
fiy net. One female was carrying a large-sized young. 

At San Julian they were found in little communities of not over six 
individuals and in every case were in most insignificant little openings, 
usually beneath waterworn bowlders. 

A pair were taken in a similar position at El Valle, island of Mar- 
garita, Venezuela, by Captain Robinson on July 12,1895. The female 
was well advanced in pregnancy. 

All of the females taken at San Julidn during the last week of July 
and first week of August were nursing well-grown young. 


Measurements. 


| = 
No. Sex. Length.| Tail. Hore: Tees | Tibia. | Foot. Remarks. 
WR 1452 | Male ....- 62 14 32 62 | 13 9 Skin. 
WR 1463 |...-- domes - 57 IPAS sas) 65 15 9.6 do. 
WIR. 15995 ee doen 58 12 33 CLs: 14 8 do. 
WR 1626 | Female... 61 14 34 67 14 10 ne one young; 
| skin. 
WER M6270" |2>-edo=- =: 59 11S Sell SEO, 65 15 9 do. 
W.RI1628) [22552 doz-=2 58 1a (ee 65 15 9 do. 
WR A634 |.-:. 2 Omee: 58 13 33. 6 Gwe | 115) 107 3 do. 
WRI630 O24 does 61 1D ai no4 64 15 3) do. 
WR 1657 Male ....- 62 1) 32 62 Ln ie Bra: 
102903) 712 a6 2 Genes 56 S| ae, 61 | 15 be) 
102915 Female... 54 dpenip 40 65 16 9.6 | Nursing one young; 
alcoholic. 
102916 | Male ..... 50 12 33 61 | 15 | 10 | Alcoholic. 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


26. LOPHOSTOMA VENEZUELAZ, new species. 
VENEZUELAN LOPHOSTOMA. 


Type.—Adult female preserved in alcohol, No. 102919, U.S.N.M. 
From Macuto, Venezuela. 

Characters.—Like Lophostona braziliense in size, but resembling 
L. amblyotis in the possession of the low band across the forehead 
between the ears and the narrow interorbital constriction of the skull. 
It apparently bears the same relation to L. amblyotis that L. braziliense 
bears to LZ. bidens. 

Oolor.—Type; isabella color throughout, but much lighter on the 
under parts than above. The two males are dark drab, but much 
lighter on the under parts. One of them, No. 102918, has a few irreg- 
ular patches of wood brown about the shoulder and top of the head. 
The hairs in all the specimens are nearly white at the bases. The fur 
is about 8mm. long on the back. Above it extends over the humerus 
and halfway up the forearm and about halfway down the femur. Below 
it has the same extension, but is scantier. 

Membranes.—Entirely naked except for a few short, dark hairs in 
the angle of the elbow above, and a few long, light scanty ones about 
the elbow joint beneath. Uropatagium large, coming from entire lee 
and the long calear. Membranes blackish brown. 

Fars.—Large and wide, united by a low band across forehead. 
When laid forward they extend 5 mm. beyond tip of muzzle. The outer 
half is marked with about 15 striations. Tragus long, pointed at the 
apex, two-toothed about the middle, when laid forward reaching to 
the middle of the eye. Antitragus a small rounded lobe. 

Chin with 10 rounded warts arranged in a semicircle, inside of which 
are 4 secondary warts. Nose leaf cordate-lanceolate, a row of 2 or 3 
small warts arranged vertically in the median line between the nos- 
trils. The tail does not project from the interfemoral membrane. 

Cranial measurements of the type.—Greatest length, 21.2; basal 
length, 17.4; basilar length, 16; median palatal length, 9; breadth of 
palate at first premolar, 2.4; at second molar, 3.6; zygomatic breadth, 
10.4; mastoid breadth, 9.8; greatest breadth of brain case, 8.4; least 
interorbital breadth, 3.2; breadth of rostrum at premolars, 4.4; depth 
of cranium from saggital ridge to basi-sphenoid, 8.4; greatest length 
of mandible, 14; depth of mandible from coronoid process, 6; length 
of upper tooth row from front of canine, 7.4; greatest width between 
upper tooth rows from external surfaces of teeth, 6.8; length of lower 
tooth row from front of canine, 8.4. 


: NO. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 155 


Measurements. 


102919, | 102918, | 102920, 
female| male valine 
type. | adult. | adult | 
| 
Length: 
ROU Ar ates eaotchs a acts = ohe So eee eclaeinefos sR See etna essen aeRO) | 64 58 
STS seete eee Stee Rinicyot coro oe aoe sees ee = sdeeecesaeks au 10 10 
SEO UMMC UbUS peels sans hes oe cme es Sees ite Late cae ae Ric = 25 22 Higa 
PLEO OUS A Soccer seictce Se etna Re Se Cross eae aioe Mak he ete aaa 10 es} ae okee 
WWALOR GD Ne Sitae Merce s Se one pee a Same Map nim aa lohe eae assets eit ae 17 by all 17 
| Height of nose leaf from lower edge of upper lip.-....-.---....--- 9 8 10 | 
| Greatest width nose leaf .............-.- eae s Sates nee mam cceteee lees 6.2 5 6 
Length of— | 
IDG eS SARA ORE PRE SIEe Bet ee aoc nae Ce Ae Sees ere meee Pai BS 40) 89h aa) 
PLSIRUINYY ED) Se Atte Pa arte Oot Sa TL state Sas SNe Se eI aR eee caer 14 1a: Se | 
Miicditineer (loneest)o.s). see eee ee Te SE TEPER See oon a 71 vow aay al 
1s RENEE O20 9 0f7 WLS ae ate a) ee ee a a ee 31 30. 6 32 
UES iy Rh oa Teter er, peepee aS = oh Pepe me ic aie 13.6 | 14 14.4 
NOCOMG pPllamikaew eeee pens eee ene renee nls ee 15 | 1696 16.6 
Fourth finger— 
META CHTD ale ae aaa Seer ane eee eaa eae eas BeBen sata 5Se 30 | 32 | 33 
Pst la gi sun Sens Sot eer aa oes ene snpemmaseenisse nee 13.6 14 | 15 
DECOMG POslanite 6 espe | coe ere See ee we 2.2 eit eee se aee habit 12 13 
Fifth finger— 
Metaicainpaleee jesse a sen areca ent che nese s Sapam ae sre 32 34 34.4 
EGU tp Lhe) Ke wee ee eee ees Sia ere eee re ieee mr eon|ly lS 15 15 
12 11.4 12 
20 20 21 
10 ali 11.4 
3 13.6 15 


The three specimens were brought in by a boy at Macuto, who said 
that they were found in a small cave under a pile of rocks. 


27. THYROPTERA DISCIFERA (Lichenstein and Peters). 
DISC BAT. 
1896. Thyroptera discifera Mituer, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X, p. 109. 


This rare and interesting bat is represented by LO adults and 7 young. 
The specimens measure slightly larger than two alcoholics from Nic- 
aragua. With more material from Central America the Venezuelan 
specimens may be found to represent a larger race. The adults give 
the following measurements: 


Measurements. 


No. Sex. Length. | Tail. pe | ropes Tibia. Foot. | Remarks. 
WR 1510 | Female-..! iD 32 35 66 15.4 5 Skin. 
WRaloli | oss. Gov = =-| 76 28 35 66 16 5.2 do. 
WR 1513 Male....:. 76 | 28 32.6 64 15 5 do. 
WR 1515 | Female... SO sess |lnnooe 2 64 15.2 5 do. 
WR 1533 Male. -..\:. 74 380 32.4 64 15 (2) do. 
WR 1535 Female... 74 27 30 62 14 Vi) do. 

102926) |5...2 doizes- 80 32 35 64 16 0.2 do. 

102927. [au -- (Gt oce 70 33 34 64 15 5 do. 

102922 | Male...-... 67 26 34.4 63 15.4 5 | Alcoholic. 

102923 Female ...| 72 27 35 67 16 | 0.4 | do. 

| 


On July 17, at San Julian, ten of these little bats were brought in by 
a native, who had caught them with one grasp of his hand, as they 
clung closely grouped on the under surface of a dead banana leaf. His 
attention had been attracted to them by their droppings on the ground 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


beneath. To carry them, he had simply wrapped them up in a piece 
of the leaf to which they clung, and by the time they were brought in 
all but one were smothered. This one was placed under an inverted 
tumbler, to the vertical surface of which it adhered with ease, the 
vacuum spots under its disks glistening like globules of quicksilver. 
On July 21 seven more were brought in by a native, who had captured 
them in the same manner as the first. He stated that two or three had 
escaped. Of this second lot several were alive and unhurt. Both lots 
contained males, females, and young. The young, although still 
nursing and clinging to their mothers, were able to fly with ease. 

The sucking disks having largely usurped the clinging functions of 
the thumb and toes, these latter have dwindled to insignificant pro- 
portions, the hind feet being especially weak and partly attached to 
the interfemoral membrane. The disk at the base of the thumb is 
much larger than the one at the ankle, being about 3.5 mm. in diameter 
as compared to 2 mm. in the latter. The surface of these disks 
appears to be constantly moist, so as insure perfect contact with 
smooth surfaces, and the bats cling to the under surface of leaves or 
to the sides of a glass without any effort to use their claws. 

Young nursing bats cling to their mother’s neck or breast with 
claws and teeth and are carried about as she flies, even when they 
almost equal her in size and when their weight makes her flight labored 
and slow. With this species the sucking disks are of no help in cling- 
ing to fur, and the claws are so small and weak as to be almost useless; 
nevertheless, the young manage to hold on with no risk of falling. 
The mamme of the female are strap-like, broad and flat, 3 mm. wide 
by 2mm. long. Seizing one in his teeth, the young holds on like z 
bulldog, dangling by the strength of his jaws alone. One of the young 
that was brought in hung in this way for twenty minutes, and in all 
that time made no effort to grasp its mother with its claws. 


28. MOLOSSUS RUFUS Geoffroy. 
RUFOUS MOLOSSUS. 


1878. Molossus rufus Dopson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 112. 
1897. Molossus rufus ALLEN and Cuapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 14. 
This species is represented by a series of 71 specimens—44 skins and 
27 alcoholics—consisting of adults of both sexes, as well as very imma- 
ture to nearly full-grown young. The very young are almost naked 
and the surface of their body is smooth and of a bluish-black color. 
The first coat of hair is invariably black. Among the adults there is 
considerable variation in color. In the majority it is some form of red- 
dish brown; but six of the adult skins are entirely melanistic. About 
half of the specimens have a prevailing seal-brown coloration. Four 


NO. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 157 


have a general color of burnt umber or chestnut, and three are dark 
tawny, mottled with deep brown. 

All were obtained from the natives. On the 6th of July there were 
brought in 26 alive in a sack, and on the following day 39 more. 
Later, still others were brought in. The adult females were all nurs- 
ing, although the majority of the young were able to fly. These bats 
are very rat-like in their actions, running about on a horizontal surface 
with ease and rapidity. Some that were liberated made no attempt to 
rise from the floor, but scurried first to an open window and did not 
spread their wings until they had launched themselves into the air. 
They were all captured in unused houses, where they stow themselves 
in the cracks, between the roof and the walls. When poked out they 
dropped to the floor and crawled about, and did not fly away like other 
bats, though perfectly able to do so. 

They possess a peculiar gland in the throat, lying in front of the 
larynx. It is rudimentary in the female, but in the male it is about 
the size and shape of a white bean. It lies transversely under the 
skin and exudes a whitish, creamy fluid, which has a faint, but char- 
acteristic disagreeable odor. This persists in the dried skins, so that 
the sexes can be separated by the sense of smell. 

Bats of this genus could be seen flying rapidly about early in the 
morning just before sunrise and in the evening just after sundown. 
Their flight is very rapid, and their pointed tails readily distinguish 
them from other bats. 


Measurements. 


| No. Sex. | Length.| Tail. Forearm. ek Tibia. | Foot. 
| | 
102737 Female... 118 40 46 | 86 15 eal} 
102738 | Male ..... 127 40 48 91 TG hep 
LOD TAME eee done 129 47 46.4 | 93 19 14.4 
102742 Young | 
| a maleses 123 | 42 45 83 16 13 
102745 Female... 114 43 | 45 87 17 12 
TU274Gy, lames doeese 118 3 46 91 17 eal 
1OQ7ATS eee: Gene 115 34 | 45.4 87 iG, erate 
TOD7AS 5 || Lee dole 120°} “85 45 86 I ai Nie 
- 102749 | Male ..... OSH all 36 46 95 {Sie eles 
102750; 3 eee doen 131 | . 36 48 91 17.4 12 
102751 | Female... 108 39 45 | 88 18 Ian | 
102752 | Male ..... HSE Nw aut 47 88 17.4 13a 
102753 |. ...- dows 120 33 AG 91 17 13 
102754 | Female... 117 35 46° | 87 17.4 13 
102765 |....- Wome 124 38 46 89 16 12 
102766) seo. done 122 42 47 89 17 12 
102767 | Male ...-- 123 43 46 92 18 12 
TO2QTESE lease e dots 130 13 46 | 90 18 12 
WR 1475 |.25.: dows 121 AA WE aps ta Se fe es ate em ee a 
WR 1477 | Female... 121 Ad inh ae eee [Seer eh alee se ale ae = 
Wi 14786 eee douse 125 Abwa Ree. AS Siete alee Ses alle | 
WR 1479: | Male ..... 128 AD an | eeeeer ea ERR eo alee oops VENT Se 
WR 1480 | Female... 127 44 46 39 12 
WR. 1482 }-2.- dos. 130 Zein Met eS I a ree IS 
WR 1483 |_...- don =! 124 EEN || SES ee ee Soe ee 
WR 1488 | Male ..... 126 iil oa|| BE eee || Sie Pe Dl ae ey ee 
WR 1489 Female. . 119 Ag; eee reso squat | Seer ee eee 
WR 1490 |...-- doa 121 SG ak amae Ss Se ceceeee: gies sare eee 
| 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


29. MOLOSSUS OBSCURUS Geoffroy. 
LITTLE MOLOSSUS. 

1878. Molossus obscurus Dosson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 410. 
1897. Molossus obscurus ALLEN and CuapmMan, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 14. 
First obtained by Captain Robinson, at San Julian, in the form of a 
skull taken from the stomach of a bat faleon (Falco albogularis, 
Daudin). Later five others were secured at Macuto. Its habits and 

flight are identical with those of the larger JZ. rufus. 


Measurements. 


No. | Sex. | Length. | Tail. Forearm. pee ain Tibia. | Foot. Remarks. 
102798) bemale cesses. a 95 32 | 38 75 12 8 | Alcoholic. 
1 O2ZT99! | eae Om aeesaee 90 30 | 36 69 | 12 8 | do. 
I aGeec70 Tn [aie 1 pe See Sa 96 31 40 (Pal) ae 9 | Skin. 
| 10280IF> | Memale= 222522 87 31 39 | 73) | 12 8 | do. 
| 102802 | Young female . -| 76 23, | 28 45 12 8 do. 


30. PEROPTERYX KAPPLERI Peters. 


LARGE SAC-WINGED BAT. 
1878. Saccopteryx kappleri Dosson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 374. 

This bat, which has usually been regarded as a mere local variety 
or an age variation of P. canina, is represented by a splendid series 
of 16 specimens, all taken by Captain Robinson, at San Julian. 

The tail is free for 3 mm. on the upper surface of the membrane, 
which extends for 24 mm. beyond the tip. 

The first of these bats was prodded out from a deep crevice that 
extended horizontally under a large bowlder, and was caught in a but- 
terfly net. It was alone. Several weeks later a number were discov- 
ered in asmall cave formed by a huge rock that rested against a larger 
vertical one, leaving a tunnel-like opening beneath. This and the 
following species resemble each other closely in habits and general 
form, but differ in size and color. Their pointed muzzle and over- 
hanging upper lip, pompadour bang, and protruding eyes, rather large 
for a bat and much more protuberant than in other genera, give them 
somewhat the countenance of a King Charles spaniel. The two nip- 
ples of the nursing females are long and fusiform. The wing sacs are 
much larger in the males than in the females, but do not approach in 
size those of Saccopteryx leptura. 

Some were found hanging from a_ horizontal surface, but the 
majority clung to a more or less vertical wall. They can be told at a 
glance, as they brace themselves by their widely-spread forearms 
which, being excessively long, give them a rather ‘‘sprangly ” 
appearance. They are easily caught, some even permitting them- 
selves to be picked off by hand, while the Glossophagas, which inhabit 
similar caves, begin to flutter about at the first intrusion and seek to 
dart by and escape. 


No. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. has 


Measurements. 


nw = | = «| | 
a i) = | 
| 2 | isi af | | 
| ; coh ees | ‘ | 
No. Sex. 24 Slane Fea: Remarks. 
ee 2 ® : Ise ra 
| el | stead ae Se etn prea i= 
oO oS wh = o) <3) fal 
Hilal & | 4 a es = = 
WR1498 | Male ........ Ti ON eAT es eOOn a SeGs|\enss6n le leo) Sicin: 
WR 1570 Female...... iD | TAS | 86) | 21.6" | da ike | alat do. 
| WR1571 Malema ace-ae | 74 | 14 | 48 75 | 20 OW eee ee | Alcoholic. 
WR 1572 Young male.} 72 | 13 | 47 7a | 19 10. | 17.5 | 10.5 | Skin. 
WR 1573 Male. eae 178 | 14 | 47 79 | 19 Olea arab) etl ea do. | 
WR 1574 Young male.| 72 14 | 48 SON PLON wee Ohmi eel7h 28 ic do. 
\WAR ay Be aoe do sess! TES neces | S4a 225 | acl 17.5.| 11 do. 
WR 1588 Bemalex 222: 80 | 16 | 2) | EB Gee a alg hea do. 
WR 1589 Male ee. c2 8 79 |17 | 48.5] 84/19.4]10 | 18 11 do. 
WWERI590! > Ne oo 2 Gowers os 83 | 18 | 49 85 | 19.2 | 10 795 Ll do. 
WR 1591 Young female} 78/15/50 |! 81 20.2] 11 D7 on|| LL | do. 
WR 1592 Female...... 80 | 16 | 52 86 | 20 10 | 18 illo 8 9) do. 
WR 1600 Maile 20555. 77 | 15 | 48 $2 | 19 Chel alAb| aul 7] do. 
WR 1643 Female......| 80 | 15 | 48 867) 1922s) Ora 17 dad do. 
WRG44: © 22S Gorse s2 77 | 15 | 49 86/19.6}10 |17 | il do. 
WR 1645 Mae ahs eae TU) TAN ASS | 78" 20 oe ee [eee ce | Alcoholic. 


31. PEROPTERYX CANINA (Wied). 
LITTLE SAC-WINGED BAT: 


ore 


1878. Saccopteryx canina Dosson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 373. 
1900. Peropteryx canina J. A. ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 93. 

A short distance below the summit of the first foot hill which walls 
in the west bank of the ravine east of La Guaira, there runs a small 
shelf, and in the vertical rock which forms its back there are a few 
irregular cavities, not large enough to be designated as caves. They 
are so shallow that the light enters freely, and they do little more 
than afford a shade from the glare outside. Here was found, on July 
9, a small colony of the present species, and twelve were taken. On 
the following day the spot was revisited, but only four were seen, of 
which two were captured. These two were females, one containing a 
foetus ready for exclusion, the other carrying a large young one cling- 
ing about her neck. When disturbed in one cavity they flitted to the 
adjoining one, returning to the original point when again disturbed, 
and so on. They take the same sprawling position as the preceding 
species. In addition to being smaller, they are more reddish than 
P. Kappleri. The interfemoral membrane extends 19 mm. beyond 
the tip of the tail. 


Measurements. 


: | mn Shae a ROSE 
Si FN eee | ee et 
No Sex t |Tail.| S | %e | Tibia. | Foot. tS | Se Remarks. 
: § 5 | oa O4 | aw 
4 Fy A = = 
WER 1485 | Male ..... 63 A3.| AL 68 19 | tse ic aie} Skin. 
WR 1486 | Female...| 65 14 43 72 UP al] Rene 14 | 8.5 do. | 
WiRtL4Si |e2252 Goee a 645 1) 13 43 75 | 17.6 8.6 15 8.5 do 
WR 14 Obs ass Gots! ..|, 65 14 42 72 18 8.4 14 8.5 do 
LO2999 es. Go- 22. || 6ir 16): |) 44 74 19 CO age 9 TE eho ae do 
102930.) |. ee do....| 64 ie || ee 71 18 Sie eeee ake ss: do 
NO29B I toee doizs2|| -60; | 15 | 42 73 19 fed: Mae eee eee do. J 
1029344 she 2.2 Gorse 60 Tl by |" 45, iz 19 Stree | aes eee oe Alcoholic. 
102935 ~ |ee5-= GO aah Ds 15 43 68 18.4 7.6 | ee ee do 
102936 | Male ..... ie ihc ae ec en ee eS pee ee ea do 
102939, | 2-2-5: Oye te Oo: TS AX 70 18,2 | tC Maal iis el eee do. 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


32. SACCOPTERYX LEPTURA (Schreber). 
STRIPED SAC-WINGED BAT. 


1878. Saccopleryx leptura Dosson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 371. 

1897. Saecopteryx leptura ALLEN and CHAapMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 14. 
1900. Saccopteryx leptura J. A. ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 94. 
a male and two 
females—all from San Juliin. The male was cut down with a pole 
as it flew about the hut at dusk; a female was secured in the same 
manner a few days later, and the third was shot in a small cave, where it 
was in company with Peropteryx kappleri and Glossophaga longirostris. 
This species differs greatly in general appearance from the other two 
species of sac-winged bats; It lacks the pompadour bang, its ears are 
very differently shaped and proportioned, the wing sacs are differently 
located, are operated by a larger muscle, are larger, and are very 
different on the interior. Both sexes have the sacs, but those of the 
male are much the larger. When opened, the interior is seen to be 
coarsely rugose and whitish in color. The odor emitted is not very 
decided. ; 

The two whitish lines on the back are not parallel but wavy, making a 
double lyre-shaped pattern as they exterid out upon the interfemoral 
membrane. 

Both females contained fcetuses ready for exclusion. 


Of this species, only three specimens were obtained 


Measurements. 


WR 1642 | scat dors 65 | 15 40 


| | ass | 
<s Wa rae | oth | Taz] | Fore- | Longest | p-1;.° | | 
| No. | Sex. Length. | Tail. | arm, | finger. Tibia. | Foot. | 
| 
WR 1537 | Male.....- 58 18 39 | 60) | tei Gaal 
WR 1567 | Female... 64 165) 42° | 72 1 fd lute 
| 70 17 | 7 | 


33. LASIURUS BLOSSEVILLEI (Ferussac). 
SOUTH AMERICAN RED BAT. 


One specimen preserved in alcohol, a nearly adult male. It was 
brought in by a small boy at Macuto. The specimen, although present- 
ing some differences from topotypes of Z. blossevillec from Paraguay, 

“seems not to be separable from it, as the differences are slight and 
may be due to age. The Venezuelan bat is in every way a slightly 
smaller animal. ‘The ear is smallerthan that of Paraguayan specimens, 
with smaller tragus, which is straighter and less convex anteriorly. 
The skull is smaller, with a rather relatively shorter facial portion. 
The palate is narrower, and also the notch between the incisors in 
front. Compared with the Mexican red bat, it differs in being some- 
what smaller, which may be due to its immaturity, and in having a 
shghtly narrower ear, a noticeably smaller skull, relatively smaller 


No. 1246. MAMMALS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND LYON. 161 


audital bulle, narrower palate, smaller teeth, and much narrower 
intermaxillary notch. ; 

Its dimensions are: Length, 82; tail, 44; forearm, 38; longest finger, 
75; tibia, 18; and foot, 7. 


NOTE. 


In addition to the foregoing, Captain Robinson saw evidences or 
gathered information at San Julian of the occurrence of some twenty- 
odd other mammals, among them: 

1. Chironectes sp. (local name ‘‘perro de agua,” i. e., water dog). 
The natives described a spotted, or striped, web-footed opossum which 
they had killed in the stream at San Julian. It was said to be scarce. 

2. Sloth sp. (local name **pereza”). Described as being tolerably 
common in the forests and feeding on the leaves of the aruma. In the 
market at Caracas the hides of two species were seen; one with coarse 
grayish hair, the other with a peculiar mark in the back consisting of 
around spot of orange, rimmed with black and divided longitudinally 
by a black line. 

3. ‘* Oso hormiguero,” 7%. e., ant bear. Occasionally met with at 
San Julian. There was seen in the market at Caracas a small flaxen- 
haired hide, said to be the skin of this animal. 

4. Tatua novemcincta (local names ‘*cupa” and ‘Scachicamo”). 
Described as being more common than the Cabassous. There was 
seen in a hut at San Julian the dried carapace of one of these animals, 
which was used as a tobacco box. 

5. Odocotleus sp. (local name **venado”). Several sets of branch- 
ing antlers were seen at San Julian. They were said to come from a 
deer considerably larger than the following. 

6. Mazama sp. Two were killed at San Julian in July, but both 
were cut up before they could be secured as specimens. They were 
quite small, about the size of a goat, but with longer and slenderer 
legs. Their horns, or ‘*cachos” are mere spikes a couple of inches in 
length. 

7. Tapirs (local name ‘*danta”) are occasionally killed at San Julian. 
A native at that place had a couple of hoofs or nails of a tapir which 
had been killed near by. The scrapings of these mixed with wine made 
what he declared to be an infallible remedy against weak heart. 

8. Coendou prehensile, Porcupine. One of these Was offered for sale 
at La Guaira, and the intention was to purchase it for the National 
Zoblogical Park, but before the sale was effected it gnawed out of its 
cage and made good its escape. 

9. Dasyprocta sp. (local name ‘‘acurri”). Described as a yellowish 
brown guinea pig, considerably larger than the domesticated species, 
but smaller than the lapa, and found in the woods back of San Julian. 

10. Lepus sp. (local name ‘*conejo”). The natives say that rabbits 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——11 


1 62 Py PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


are found, but are scarce. On the island of Margarita Zepus mar- 
garite is so plentiful that the animals are split and dried like codfish 
and brought by the boat load to La Guaira for sale. 

11. Felis, Jaguar. Local name, ‘‘ tigre.” Several have been killed 
within the last five years within 10 miles of La Guaira. Many hides 
were seen in the market at Caracas. The natives say that this is the 
only Venezuelan beast of prey that will attack man. Like its cousin, 
the leopard, it has a great fondness for dog’s flesh. There was hardly 
a native at San Julian who at some time in the past had not lost one 
or more dogs by jaguars. 

Felis, Puma. Local name “‘leon.” Not rare. Many hides 
were seen in the market at Caracas. The puma does not attack dogs, 
but is destructive to goats, calves, and pigs. It is described as very 
cowardly. 

13. Felis sp. Numerous hides of tiger cats were seen. According 
to the natives three species of small cats were found at San Julian; 
the ‘‘tigrillo,” or ‘‘ tigre cunaguaro,” probably the ocelot; the ‘‘ zorro 
oncita,” a spotted cat smaller than the preceding, and a third, stilt 
smaller, tawny or brownish color, without spots. 

14. Procyon sp. ? Local name, ‘‘ zorro lava tu mano,” i. e., ‘‘ fox 
wash thy hand.” Said to be common around San Julian, and described 
as having a ringed tail, frequenting the vicinity of streams and climb- 
ing well. 

15. Conepatus sp.? Local name, ‘‘mapurito.” Common at San 
Julian, where their unmistakable odor was frequently noticed at night, 
and where were often seen their excavations, where they had dug out 
lizard eggs or insects. 

16. Galictis sp.? Local name, ‘*‘zorro guapin.” <A hide seen at 
San Julian indicated an animal of about the size and proportions of 
an otter. It was chocolate brown, with tawny neck and head. 

17. ‘* Mona cuchi olan * a nocturnal monkey of medium size. 

18. ‘**Mona tui tui,” a very small monkey, usually found in pairs. 
It attempts to hide te a squirrel, instead of making off as do the other 
monkeys. 

19. ** Macaco,” a large monkey. 

20. ** Mona frontina,” a white-crowned monkey, which barks like 
a dog. 

21. Mycetes sp. Local name, ‘‘arajuata.” At San Julian the roar- 
ing of these monkeys was heard on several occasions, but the animals 
frequented an inaccessible mountain crest, and no specimens could be 
obtained. Their cry is indescribably wild. It starts with a series of 
short barks in deep tone, increasing progressively in rapidity, and 
sounding at a distance like the puffs of a heavy locomotive as it pulls 
out. Finally it winds up witha prolonged sullen roar of great volume. 


AN ANNOTATED LIST OF- BIRDS COLLECTED IN THE 
VICINITY OF LA GUAIRA, VENEZUELA. 


By Wirt Rosrnson, 
Captain, U.S. Army, 
and 


CHARLES W. RicHMoND, 


Assistant Curator of Birds. 


The following list embraces two collections made by Captain Robin- 
son, one in the summer of 1895! and the other in the summer of 1900, 
together with a few specimens collected by Mr. Marcus W. Lyon, jr., 
who accompanied Captain Robinson on his second trip. In this list 
the identifications, descriptions of new species, and critical notes are 
by Dr. Richmond and the field notes by Captain Robinson. 

For detailed information relating to the second trip, the localities 
visited, etc., the reader is referred to the introductory remarks in the 
paper on the mammals, pages 135 to 162 of this volume. 


Family TINAMIDZ. 
1. CRYPTURUS SOUI (Hermann). 


PILEATED TINAMOU. 
. Local name: Ponchita. 
Three were obtained at San Julian, where they were found in the 
brush on the lower hills. A female taken August 8 contained an egg 


nearly ready for exclusion, the shell being partly formed, although 


still soft and not pigmented. Its dimensions were 40 by 30 mm. 
(14 by 14 inches). There was in the ovaries a second egg the size of 
acherry. The natives stated that it lays but two eggs. Its flesh is 
white and tender. Irides hight brown; tarsi olive. 

Another and considerably larger species of tinamou was said to be 
found at San Julian. 


' For details of this trip, see An Annotated List of Birds Observed in Margarita 
Island and at Guanta and La Guaira, Venezuela, by Wirt Robinson, Proc. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., X VIII (1895), pp. 649-685. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIV—No. 1247. 
163 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Family LARIDE. 
2. LARUS ATRICILLA (Linnzus). 
LAUGHING GULL. 
Small flocks of 6 or 8 seen along the beaches at La Guaira. 
Family PELECANID. 
3. PELECANUS OCCIDENTALIS (Linnzus). 
BROWN PELICAN. 


A good many seen near La Guaira and around a mangrove swamp 
at San Julian. 
Family FREGATID. 
4. FREGATA AQUILA (Linnzus). 
MAN-O’-WAR BIRD. 


Common in the vicinity of La Guaira. 


Family ARDEID. 
5. TIGRISOMA SALMONI Sclater and Salvin. 
SALMON’S TIGER BITTERN. 

Mr. Lyon secured a specimen at Macuto on August 10. It was 
young, the neck feathers showing still the characteristic yellow fila- 
mentous tippings. 

Dr. Sharpe has placed 7. cabanist of Central America in a new 
genus, /eterocnus, on account of its naked throat. However, in both 
his original diagnosis’ and his key” he has reversed the actual condi- 
tions, making //eterocnus the form with the throat feathered on the 
median line, and 77grisoma the naked-throated one. 

Family SCOLOPACIDA. 
6. TRINGA MINUTILLA Vieillot. 
LEAST SANDPIPER. 

A specimen was found dead by a puddle in the road near Macuto on 
August 10. It was greatly emaciated. Tarsi greenish yellow. 

7. EREUNETES PUSILLUS (Linneus). 
SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER. 


Two specimens were given to Mr. Lyon at Macuto on August 10 by 
a boy who had snared them on the beach. Tarsi dark green. 


1 Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, V, 1895, p. xiv. 
2Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X XVI, 1898, p. 59. 


| no.1247, BIRDS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND RICHMOND. 165 


8. ACTITIS MACULARIA (Linnzus). 
SPOTTED SANDPIPER. 
Mr. Lyon obtained a female at Macuto August 4. 
Family CRACID. 
9. CRAX DAUBENTONI Gray. 


DAUBENTON’S CURASSOW. 


Local name: Pauai. 


None of these were seen in a wild state, but three were purchased 
at La Guaira and brought back to the Zoological Park in Washington. 
In two of these the beak was solid black, but the third had the base 
clear light yellow. They were said to be quite common about 5 miles 
east of San Julian. They have the habit of erecting and throwing for- 
ward their fine, recurved crest. In captivity they are a much quieter 
bird than the guacharaca, their principal note being a long, descending 
whistle, almost exactly like the sound made when the air brakes on a 
train are released. 

While at San Julian the natives several times reported that they had 
seen some ‘‘camates,” a bird described as midway in size between a 
pauxi and a guacharaca. 


10. ORTALIS RUFICAUDA Jardine. 
GUACHARACA. 


A few very shy individuals were seen up the ravine east of La 
Guaira. At San Julian they were plentiful on the wooded slopes 
around the valley. Eight were secured here, of which five were pre- 
served, and in addition six of various ages were purchased and brought 
back alive. AtSanJuliin they uttered their characteristic noisy cries 
at daybreak and at sunset. They usually go in pairs. When they 
are approached they keep up an incessant call of alarm, yet all the 
time conceal themselves in the tree tops with great cunning, and. it is 
not at all easy to get within range. 

It is difficult to convey an idea of the resonant, vibrant, and trumpet- 
like quality of their notes. The tone is somewhat like that of a guinea- 
fowl, but much more voluminous. The call note is uttered by the male, 
who is aided by a peculiar development of the windpipe. This, before 
passing into the thorax, runs down between the skin and flesh of the 
breast to the lower end of the sternum, thence back to the neck. 

As far as was observed they kept strictly to the branches of the 
trees. The stomachs of those killed were filled with the buds and 
blossoms of a small but very pretty white and yellow passion flower. 
They also feed on plantains and other fruit. They are much hunted 


166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


for food, their flesh being white and of fine flavor. When captured 
young they are easily domesticated, and associate freely with chickens. 
They are continually erecting and throwing forward their frontal 
crest. They have under the throat two oblong bare spots. These 
are red in life, and on hot days, when the birds are panting, hang down 
like wattles. The beak and tarsi are blue, and skin of face dark blue. 


Family COLUMBID. 
11. COLUMBA PLUMBEA Vieillot. 


WINE-COLORED PIGEON. 


Local name: Falta poco, from the fancied resemblance of its call of four notes to those words. 


One specimen, a female, was obtained at San Julian on August 3. It 
differs from the other doves and pigeons seen at that place in its note, 
which is a whistle and not a coo, and in the color of its irides, which 
are light grayish blue, instead of reddish yellow. Its flesh is said to 
have an unpleasant, bitter taste. 

Tarsi pink, lids red. 


12. LEPTOTILA INSULARIS Richmond. 


MARGARITAN DOVE. 


Local name: Paloma, 1. e., dove. 


Abundant. This is the common object of pursuit of the gunners, 
and numbers are caught by the children in coop traps with figure-four 
triggers and in snares of horse hair, Many fledglings were seen at 
San Juliin. They differ very markedly in color from the adults, being 
much darker and mottled, the back bronzy-green and purple in places. 

Feet purplish in the young. Adults have the irides yellow, feet 
reddish. 

Three specimens were secured, which are to be referred to the 
Margaritan form, although they average a trifle larger in wing meas- 
urements. 


Family PERISTERID 2. 
13. SCARDAFELLA RIDGWAYI Richmond. 
RIDGWAY’S SCALED DOVE. 


A few were seen in the dry cactus region along the coast at the 
mouth of the San Julidin Valley. Their notes give them the name 
‘“‘notoco.” One specimen, a male, was shot July 11. 

This is the same as the Marearitan form. Those who do not wish 
to recognize this bird as different from that of Brazil will still have to 
use the name ridgway?, as the term sguamosa is preoccupied. 


No.1247. BIRDS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND RICHMOND. 167 


14. COLUMBIGALLINA PASSERINA! (Linnzus). 
GROUND DOVE. 
Local name: Tortola, i. e., turtle dove. 

Very abundant. They were nesting in July and August and a num- 
ber of nests were seen with the usual complement of two eggs. The 
nests are not placed in trees as a rule but rather upon brush heaps, in 
tussocks of coarse grass, on bowlders, or on fallen logs. Nests found 
at San Julian on July 30 and July 31, both on prostrate logs, con- 
tained pipped eggs. A pair built on the stump of a papaya tree 
within 20 feet of the door of our hut and hatched early in August. 
The young, naked at first, soon assumed a coat of sulphur-yellow 
down, which with their purplish skin made them unpleasant looking 
objects. 

15. GEOTRYGON VENEZUELENSIS Salvadori. 
VENEZUELAN QUAIL DOVE. 
Local name: Paloma de monte, i. e., wood dove. 

The peculiar booming coo of this dove was occasionally heard at 
San Juliin, but only one specimen was secured, an immature female. 
Irides bluish, feet purplish. 

[his specimen.is quite young, but without much doubt is of the 
form called venezuelensis by Salvadori. 


Family CATHARTID. 
16. CATHARTES AURA (Linnzus). 
TURKEY VULTURE. 
Not very common. Only a few seen. 
17. CATHARISTA URUBU (Vieillot). 
BLACK VULTURE. 
Very abundant, especially around the slaughter pens east of La 


(Gquaira. 


Family BUTEONID. 
18. BUTEO ABBREVIATUS Cabanis. 
ZONE-TAILED HAWK. 


The only specimen obtained, a female, was brought in alive at La 
Guaira on August 12 by a native, who, discovering it roosting the night 
before, had crippled it with a stone. Irides brown, cere and tarsi 
yellow. Several were seen near Macuto. 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Muas., X VIII, 1895, p. 659. 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIY. 


19. MICRASTUR MELANOLEUCUS (Vieillot). 


BLACK AND WHITE MICRASTUR. 


One specimen, a male, secured at San Julidin on July 28. It was in 
full molt, changing above from a brown and rufous to a black and 
white plumage. Its stomach contained a sparrow (Arremonops). 
Cere greenish, irides brown, tarsi yellow. 


20. RUPORNIS MAGNIROSTRIS (Gmelin). 


LARGE-BILLED RUPORNIS. 


This noisy hawk was common in tbe dryer foothills at La Guaira 
and at San Julian. A female shot on July 19 had its stomach filled 
with a mass of grasshoppers, crickets, roaches, and other insects, and 
parts of several scorpions. Its cere, lids, irides, base of lower mandi- 
ble, and tarsi were yellow. A male shot July 26 had orange cere and 
tarsi. Its stomach was filled with a mass of insects and with parts of 
some small striped lizards. The diet of grasshoppers gives to these 
birds a characteristic odor which clings to their skins for some time 
after they have been cured. 


21. LEUCOPTERNIS ALBICOLLIS (Latham). 


WHITE HAWK. 


Several of these fine hawks were seen at San Julian, but only one 
was obtained, a female taken July 16. Its stomach contained a varied 
assortment—pieces of a snake, crabs, beetles, and grasshoppers. On 
July 31 one was seen flying around its nest, a bulky mass of sticks in 
the top of an immense thorny-trunked tree. 

Trides light brown, tarsi yellow. 


Family FALCONID A. 
22. GAMPSONYX SWAINSONI Vigors. 
SWAINSON’S PEARL KITE. 


At San Julién about sunset on July 29 this small hawk, which was 
at first taken for a gray kingbird, was seen to light in the dead top 
of a small tree near the road. On being shot it started off as if 
untouched, but after going some 30 yards spread its wings and settled 
gently to the earth, where it was found dead. Upon picking it up I 
was at once struck by its coloration, the absence of bars or stripes on 
its plumage, the glistening white under surface of its wings, its rela- 
tively heavy feet with the tarsi feathered halfway to the toes, the 
heron-like powder down patches on its hips, and its crimson irides. 
Its cere was green, tarsi yellow. This was the only one seen, although 


no.1247. BIRDS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND RICHMOND. 169 


the natives stated that it was not rare. It was a female and must 
have been an industrious hunter, as its stomach contained no less 
than 5 of the common small striped lizards (Cnemidophorus). 

Dr. Sharpe’ quotes Chondrohierax rufifrons Lesson (first described 
as Dedalion rufifrons Lesson) as a synonym of this species. This 
name is, however, referable to /alco uncinatus Temminck, which 
species should properly be called Chondrohierax wncinatus, as Reger- 
hinus Kaup, 1845, is antedated by Chondrohierax Lesson, 1843. 


23. FALCO ALBOGULARIS Daudin. 


WHITE-THROATED BAT FALCON. 


A few of these beautiful little falcons were seen around San Julian. 
They were all in the tops of dead trees high up on the mountain 
sides. A female was shot on July 19 whose stomach contained frag- 
ments of a beetle and the skull and other parts of a J/olossus obscurus, 
one of the swiftest flying bats. Irides brown, lids, cere, and tarsi 
yellow. The striking effect of the clear dark eyes with the brilliant 
gamboge lids against a background of dark plumage is lost in the 
stuffed skin. 


Family BUBONID4E. 
24. MEGASCOPS BRASILIANUS (Gmelin). 
BRAZILIAN SCREECH OWL. 
A pair of screech owls were obtained at San Juliin on July 26. 
They were in poor plumage. Irides yellow. 


Other owls were seen but not secured, among them a small owl, 
probably Glauctdium, and a very large owl seen flying at dusk. 


Family PSITTACID AL. 
Parrots of the genera Ara, Amazona, Conurus, and Psittacula were 
seen at San Julian but none were secured. 
Family CUCULID. 
25. CROTOPHAGA ANI Linnezus. 


ANI. 
Local name: Garrapatero, i. e., tick-eater, from its alleged habit of eating the ticks on cattle. 
Common in open land about La Guaira and at San Julian. Usually 


seen in small bands of six to a dozen individuals, and frequently seen 
walking about almost under the feet of grazing cattle. 


1British Museum Catalogue of Birds, I, p. 340. 


170 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


26. PIAYA CAYANA THERMOPHILA (Sclater). 
SQUIRREL CUCKOO. 
Local name: Rabo de ardito, 7. e., squirrel tail. 


A few seen at La Guaira. Abundant at San Julian. The stomachs 
of all killed were packed to distension with insects, mainly caterpillars. 
Beak and lids yellowish green, tarsi bluish, irides red, inside of mouth 
black. 

27. COCCYZUS MELANOCORYPHUS Vieillot. 


DARK-HEADED CUCKOO. 
One specimen obtained at La Guaira, June 25, 1895. 


Family RAMPHASTID A. 
28. AULACORHAMPHUS ERYTHROGNATHUS Gould. 
RED-BILLED GREEN TOUCAN. 


Local name: Pico de frasco, i. e., bottle beak. 
o r} ? 


Fairly common at San Julian. Tarsi olive, irides brown. 
Toucans of the genus Ramphastos are known to the natives at San 
Julian, who call them ‘‘ Dios te dé.” 


Family TROGONID. 


.29. TROGON COLLARIS Vieillot. 
COLLARED TROGON. 
Local name: Pavita, i. e., little peacock. 

Common at San Julién, and easily found by its clear, loud note. 
Beak yellow, lids red. The beak of the female is shaded with brownish. 
Family GALBULID. 

30. GALBULA RUFICAUDA Cuvier. 

RUFOUS-TAILED JACAMAR. 

Common at La Guaira and at San Julian. They nest in holes like 
bank swallows. The natives regard it as a large-sized humming bird 
and call it ‘* tocuso de montafia,” mountain humming bird. 

Family ALCEDINID ®. 
31. CERYLE AMERICANA (Gmelin). 
SMALLEST GREEN KINGFISHER. 
Local name: Martin pescador. 


Common along the small streams at La Guaira, Macuto, and San 


Julifin. 


no.1247. BIRDS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND RICHMOND. 71 


Family PICID/. 
32. CHLORONERPES RUBIGINOSUS (Swainson). 
SWAINSON’S GREEN WOODPECKER. 
Two were shot as they were feeding on alligator pears in the coffee 
plantation at San Julian. Others were seen. 


33- MELANERPES SUBELEGANS (Bonaparte). 
BONAPARTE’S WOODPECKER. 


Abundant. <A pair had their nest in the top of a dead papaya tree 
in front of the hut at San Julian. 


34. CAMPEPHILUS MALHERBII Gray. 


MALHERBE’S IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER. 


Local name: Carpintero, i. e., carpenter, the general name for all woodpeckers. 


Five or six were seen at San Julian, but only one, a female, secured. 
They were usually seen in lofty dead trees around the edges of 
mountain clearings. They have a loud, discordant note. Irides yel- 
low, tarsi bluish green, soles of feet yellow. 

A piculet (icwmnus 7) was seen excavating its nest in a dead branch 
at Cucuruti on July 7, and others were seen at San Julian. 


Family CAPRIMULGID. 


35. ANTROSTOMUS RUFUS (Boddaert). 
RUFOUS WHIP-POOR-WILL. 


One specimen, a female, secured at San Juliéin. Other species of 
goat-suckers were seen. 


Family TROCHILID. 
36. GLAUCIS HIRSUTUS (Gmelin). 
HAIRY HERMIT. 


Quite common at La Guaira and at San Juliin. Several nests were 
seen, all of which were woven to the under side of a tatter at the 
extreme tip of a banana leaf. A nest taken at La Guaira, on July 4, 
contained 2 fresh eggs. Another at San Juliin, on July 11, contained 
2 young, several days old. On July 27 a female was seen building. 
At San Julian an individual largely blotched with white on the back 
and rump was seen several times. 


Mandible bright yellow, not flesh color as stated by Elliot. 


172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


37. DOLEROMYA FALLAX (Bourcier). 
BUFF-BREASTED HUMMING BIRD. 


One specimen taken at San Julian in an extensive cactus thicket on 
the dry lowlands. I do not think that this species is ever found out- 
side of such localities. 

The characters given for the Margaritan form (of which we have 
fifteen or more examples) are perfectly good, and pallida is readily to 
be distinguished from fad/ax. 


38. PHAZETHORNIS AUGUSTI (Bourcier). 
SALLE’S HERMIT. 


Seen in the ravines at La Guaira, at San Julian, and at Cucuruti. 
On July 24 at San Julian, in search of bats, I crept on hands and knees 
into a sort of cave made by an immense slab of stone leaning against 
another. At some distance from the entrance an object dangling from 
the rocky roof brushed against my head. Striking a match to examine 
it, I was surprised to find it the nest of a humming bird. The suspend- 
ing cord, composed of twined spider’s webs, was fastened to a pro- 
jecting splinter of stone, and the nest hung almost a foot below. To 
keep it upright and to balance the weight of the bird, quite a mass of 
material was woven below and on the opposite side of the cord. 
It contained two partly incubated eggs. The parent was secured. A 
few days later a second nest, similarly situated in a cave and contain- 
ing a newly hatched young, was found. 

Feet flesh color and lower mandible vermilion, not flesh color as 
stated by Elliot. 

The nest of a species of Phethornis, probably P. superciliosus, was 
found at La Guaira on July 5. It was woven to the under side of a 
leaf. The bird was shot, but fell in a tangle of vines and was lost. 


39. PYGMORNIS LONGUEMAREI (Lesson). 


LONGUEMARE’S PIGMY HERMIT. 


Common at San Julian. Basal half of mandible bright yellow, not 
flesh color. 
40. HYPUROPTILA BUFFONI (Lesson). 


BUFFON’S PLUMETEERR. 
Common at La Guaira and at San Julifn. 
41. CHRYSOLAMPIS MOSCHITUS (Linnzus). 
RUBY. and TOPAZ HUMMING BIRD. 


One seen at Cucuruti July 7. 


j no.1247. BIRDS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND RICHMOND. 173 


42. AMIZILIS FELICIZ (Lesson). 
FELICIA’S HUMMING BIRD. 


Abundant at La Guaira and at San Juliin. A nest saddled on a 
branch and containing one egg was found at La Guaira on July 4. On 
July 5 a female of this species was seen to make, in the absence of its 
owner, several visits to the nest of a Phwthorn/s and each time rob it 
of a portion of its lining. 

43. CHLOROSTILBON CARIBBAA Lawrence. 
ATALA’S EMERALD. 


Abundant in the flat coast region. 


Family PIPRID. 
44. CHIROXIPHIA LANCEOLATA (Wagler). 
LANCE-TAILED MANAKIN. 


Fairly common in the well wooded and shaded ravines at La Guaira 
and at San Julian. A nest with 2 eggs was taken at La Guaira on 
July 25, 1895. 

Family TYRANNID. 


45. MUSCIVORA TYRANNUS (Linnzus). 
FORK-TAILED FLYCATCHER. 


A number seen at San Julian. 


46. TYRANNUS DOMINICENSIS (Gmelin). 
GRAY KING BIRD. 
Abundant at San Julian. 
47. PITANGUS DERBIANUS RUFIPENNIS (Lafresnaye). 
RUFOUS-WINGED DERBY FLYCATCHER. 
One male obtained at San Julian July 16. Others seen. 


48. LEPTOPOGON SUPERCILIARIS Cabanis. 
WHITE-BROWED FLYCATCHER. 
One specimen taken at San Julian on August 5. Tarsi blue. 


Has been previously recorded from Venezuela on one occasion, by 


Chapman and Phelps.’ 
49. POGONOTRICCUS sp. 


An immature specimen taken at La Guaira in 1895.” 


1 Auk., XIV, 1897, p. 369. * Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1895, p. 684. 


174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


50. PLATYRHYNCHUS MYSTACEUS INSULARIS (Allen). 
TOBAGO BROAD-BILLED FLYCATCHER. 
One taken at La Guaira in 1895.! 
51. TODIROSTRUM CINEREUM (Linnzeus). 
BLACK-CROWNED TODY FLYCATCHER. 
Common. 
Family FURNARITD2. 
52. SYNALLAXIS STRIATIPECTUS Chapman. 
STREAKED-BREASTED SPINETAIL. 


One obtained and several seen at San Julian, August 5. 


Family DENDROCOLAPTID ®. 
53. SITTASOMUS PHELPSI Chapman. 
PHELPS’S CREEPER. 
One female taken at San Julian, July 18. 
54. DENDROPLEX PICIROSTRIS (Lafresnaye). 
WHITE-THROATED TREE CREEPER. 


A number seen at San Julian. Tarsi greenish. 


Family FORMICARIIDA. 
55. THAMNOPHILUS DOLIATUS (Linnzus). 
BARRED ANT SHRIKE. 
Abundant at La Guaira and at San Julian. 
56. THAMNOPHILUS MELANONOTUS Sclater. 
BLACK-BACKED ANT SHRIKE. 
One specimen taken at La Guaira, July 5. 
57. FORMICIVORA INTERMEDIA Cabanis. 
INTERMEDIATE ANT WREN. 
Abundant in the scrub. 


58. GRALLARIA sp. 


A specimen, apparently a member of this genus, was shot at San 
Julian July 19, but was too badly injured to be preserved. 


1 Proc, U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1895, p. 684. 


Z 
. 


| nu 1247. BIRDS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND RICHMOND. V5 


Family CORVID 4. 
59. XANTHOURA CAHRULEOCEPHALA (Dubois). 
BLUE-HEADED GREEN JAY. 
Local name: (uerre querre. 
Abundant at San Julian. Found in small flocks in the coffee plan- 
tations. Many of their notes are like those of our blue jay. 
Family ICTERIDZ. 
60. OSTINOPS DECUMANUS (Pallas). 
COMMON OROPENDOLA. 


Local name: Conoto. 


Seen at Cucuruti and in large flocks at San Julian. The variation in 
size of the individuals of a flock is remarkable. They have a strong, 
disagreeable odor, which persists for some time in‘the stuffed skin. 

61. OSTINOPS OLEAGINEUS Sclater. 
VENEZUELAN GREEN OROPENDOLA. 
Local name: Conoto. 

Large straggling flocks were seen in the coffee plantations at San 

Juliin. They have the same strone smell and vary in size as do the 
. “ ao) @ 

preceding. They have a loud, yelping note, and an alarm note like the 

eackle of a startled hen. Both species were in very poor plumage. 

Feet green, beak light greenish-white. 

62- ICTERUS AURICAPILLUS Cassin. 
GOLDEN-CROWNED ORIOLE. 


Local name: Gonzalito. 


Abundant. 
Family FRINGILLID. 


63. ARREMONOPS VENEZUELENSIS Ridgway. 
VENEZUELAN GROUND-SPARROW. 
Local name: Rayadito. 
Abundant. Eight specimens were taken in traps baited with bananas 
and set for small mammals. 
64. VOLATINIA JACARINI SPLENDENS (Vieillot). 


GLOSSY GRASSQUIT. 
Abundant. 


65. EUETHEIA OMISSA (Jardine). 


VENEZUELAN GRASSQUIT. 
Abundant. 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Family TANAGRID. 
66. TANAGRA GLAUCOCOLPA (Cabanis). 
VENEZUELAN BLUE TANAGER. 


The blue tanagers seen were probably of this form. They were 
abundant. 
67. PIRANGA ARDENS Sclater. 


BLACK-LORED SCARLET TANAGER. 


Local name: Cardinal de montafia, mountain cardinal. 


A male taken at San Julidén August 3, and several others seen the 
same day. 
68. TACHYPHONUS MELALEUCUS (Sparrman). 


BLACK AND WHITE TANAGER. 
Common. ‘ 


69. SALTATOR OLIVASCENS Cabanis. 
GREY-BREASTED SALTATOR. 


A few seen at San Julian, where one was shot as it fed on a ripe 
papaya fruit. 
Family CALREBIDAK. 


70. CHLOROPHANES SPIZA (Linnzus). 
GREEN HONEY CREEPER. 


One specimen in full molt taken at San Julian July 26.  Ivides 
reddish, tarsi dark green, lower mandible and base of upper yellow. 


71. CYANERPES CYANEA EXIMIA (Cabanis). 
VENEZUELAN GUITGUIT. 
Common in the forests at San Julian. 
72. CHREBA LUTEOLA Cabanis. 
VENEZUELAN HONEY CREEPER. 
Abundant in the dry coast region. 
Family HIRUNDINID. 
73. PROGNE CHALYBEA (Gmelin). 
STEELY-BACKED MARTIN. 


Very abundant in La Guaira, where they nested in the crevices 
along the eaves of the tiled roofs. 


No, 1247, BIRDS OF VENEZUELA—ROBINSON AND RICHMOND. ] 


(st 
| = 


74. ATTICORA CYANOLEUCA ( Vieillot). 
BLUE AND WHITE SWALLOW. 


Very abundant in and around La Guaira. 


Family VIREONID_. 
75. VIREO CHIVI AGILIS (Lichtenstein). 


AGILE VIREO. 
Common 


76. HYLOPHILUS AURANTIIFRONS Lawrence. 
GOLDEN-FRONTED HYLOPHILUS. 
One specimen taken at San Julian August 5. Tarsi very pale blue, 
lower mandible vellowish flesh. 
Family MNIOTILTIDZ. 
77. BASILEUTERUS FLAVEOLUS Baird. 
YELLOW GROUND WARBLER. 


One specimen obtained at La Guaira, where it flitted about in the 
bushes close to the ground much like a redstart, apparently somewhat 
north of its previously known range. 

Family TROGLODYTID2. 
78. RHODINOCICHLA ROSEA (Lesson). 
ROSE-BREASTED WREN. 
Local name: Sarta sarta. 

Seen at La Guaira and San Julién. It has a wonderfully loud and 
clear song. It is frequently seen on the ground scratching among the 
fallen leaves. One specimen, a male, obtained. 

This is the true /urnarius roseus of Lesson. The Central American 
bird is quite different and is apparently unnamed. 

79. THRYOTHORUS RUTILUS Vieillot. 
RUFOUS-BREASTED WREN. 

One obtained at La Guaira in 1895. 

80. TROGLODYTES RUFULUS Cabanis. 
WHITE-BREASTED HOUSE WREN. 


Abundant at La Guaira, nesting at the base of the leaf stalks of the 
cocoa palms. 


Proe: Ne MM, vol xxiv—01t—— 19 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


— 
-] 
oO 


81. MICROCERCULUS PECTORALIS, new species. 
SCRUB WREN. 

When at La Guaira on July 25, 1895, I saw walking about in the 
holes and crannies under a mass of overhanging roots in the ravine 
east of the town, a curious-looking bird which I recorded in my diary 
at the time as being like a chocolate-colored, tailless Carolina wren. I 
had only my insect net and could not secure it. Imagine my surprise 
when, on July 2, five years later, I saw under a heap of brush, within 
ten feet of the original spot, another specimen of the same bird. This 
one I secured. It crept about slowly among the roots and twigs, did 
not use its wings, and moved more like a mouse than a bird. 

This individual does not agree with any of the described species, 
although it appears to be related to J squamulatus of Sclater and 
Salvin. It is, however, not nearly so white below, and the colors of 
the upper parts are darker, judging from the plate.’ 

It may be described as follows: Type, female adult, No. 17: 5251, 
U.S.N.M.; La Guaira, July 2, 1900; Wirt Robinson, collector’s No. 
1451. Above Mars brown, uniform on back, rump, and upper tail- 
coverts, but feathers of head with slightly darker centers; tail and 
wing quills clove brown, some of the latter bordered with the color of 
the back. Wing-coverts like the back, some of the innermost greater 
coverts with minute russet spots. Throat white, the lower part finely 
and rather indistinctly barred with grayish brown; sides of head and 
foreneck drab, feathers of the latter part tipped with wood brown; 
sides of breast, flanks, under tail-coverts, and abdomen mummy brown, 
more inclining to Prout’s brown on the latter; the flanks and under 
tail-coverts with more or less indistinct blackish pars center of the 
breast, Prout’s brown with V-shaped and U-shaped grayish white 
markings; under wing-coverts wood brown. Bill onal feet blackish 
in the dried skin, basal part of mandible paler. Wing, 57; tail, 20; 
tarsus, 23; culmen, 19 millimeters. 


Family SYLVIIDA. 
82. POLIOPTILA PLUMBICEPS Lawrence. 
LAWRENCE’S GNAT CATCHER. 


Common in the scrub of the dry coast lands. 


Family TURDIDZ. 
83. ? MERULA FUMIGATA Lichtenstein. 
SABIAN THRUSH. 


One young bird, obtained at San Juliin July 17, agrees more nearly 
with J. fumigata than with any other species. 


1 Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1875, pl. vr. 
>] 


AN ANNOTATED LIST OF BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES 
COLLECTED IN THE VICINITY OF LA GUAIRA, VENE- 
ZUELA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES 
OF SNAKES. 

By LEONHARD STEJNEGER, 


Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians. 


The collections here reported upon were made in 1895 by Captain 
Robinson, and in 1900 by Messrs. Robinson and Lyon jointly. 

For detailed information relating to their trips, the localities visited, 
etc., the reader is referred to the introductory remarks by the collect- 
ors in their paper on the mammals, pages 135 to 162 of this volume. 


I. BATRACHIA. 


ECAUDATA. 
PHYLLOBATES TRINITATIS Garman. 


Garman’s original description! fits the two specimens from Venez- 
uela and contains nothing by which I can separate them. In the speci- 
mens before me the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches to the anterior 
border of the orbit; first finger is shorter than second; there is a large 
metacarpal pad, and two metatarsal tubercles, the inner one being 
almost as long as the diameter of the largest digital disk, though 
narrower; on the lower half of the tarsus a very distinct fold, which 
is a continuation of the lateral narrow fringe of the inner toe, extend- 
ing from the base of the latter obliquely across the underside of the 
tarsus to the median line. The blackish lateral band is very broad 
between shoulder and groin, and semidivided lengthwise by a whitish 
line extending forward somewhat obliquely from the groin; a blackish 
longitudinal streak on anterior face of upper arm. The dusky band 
across the chest is not well marked in No. 27808. 

With the latter there are 11 tadpoles, which adhered to its back 


when caught. 
List of specimens. 


U.S.N.M.No. | Collector's Locality. Wheucol |’ “Remarks: | 
. 2 Sie =i3 5 
| 
27792 7 | La Guaira ......-- | July 2,1900 | 
27808 | 43 lea Juliane sss = Aug. 8,1900 | With tadpoles. | 
1 


1 Bull. Essex. Inst. XIX, 1887, p. 13. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIV—No., 1248. 179 
‘ 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


LEPTODACTYLUS OCELLATUS (Linnzus). 
In both specimens the tarsal fold is quite distinct. 


List of specimens. 


‘ Collector's ey aes When col- 
USNANO, Nol Locality. lected. 

22539 AS. |) La Guaira....-2-- June 22, 1895 

27793 NGA eraer Gows2ke eee July 8,1900 


Captain Robinson writes regarding specimen No, 22539: 


Common. Taken in acequia near the town. This frog makes a noise like the 
sound of water gurgling from a bottle, only it is a single note and louder. They 
make in the weeds in the water’s edge a ‘‘bird’s nest’’ of bubbles, or rather more 
like the whipped-up white of eggs and even more glutinous. The depression in the 
center goes entirely through, and the frog sits in the water below, with its nose and 
eyes appearing in the bottom of the nest. 


BUFO MARINUS (Linnzus). 


List of specimens. 


Collector’s | 


eS ; yey When 

U.S.N.M. No. No. | Locality. collected: 
22537 Aby |slaGuairares see June 22, 1895 
22588 AAS cee GO25s Satoeeee do.. 
27796 Glee reo Rae eee ie July 2,1900 
27800 DAN Hose COs sas cee tee July 15, 1900 
27801 22 Py eeace (oloneecenoriemeece do. 
27802 20/7) Samu ae ae ee July 20,1900 
27803 24 WaiGuairays.2.ses- July 15,1900 
27804 26) lesen GOs Sas neeaee do. 
27805 DOs | seme GORe eee aseeee do. 
27806 23) «| Sseerae Om sa ste cece do. 
27807 29)7)|'Saniulianess-es. July 20,1900 


According to Captain Robinson this species is common and well 
known under the name ‘‘Sapo,” the Spanish word for toad. Their 
egos are laid in long glutinous cords. 


HYLA VENULOSA (Laurenti). 


List of specimens. 


Collector's | When 


U.S.N.M.No. Nol Locality. eallectedk 
| 22545 AG | ela Guaira asses... June 22,1895 
27797 | So ees co KONA merase July 3, 1900 
| 


Captain Robinson’s remarks about No, 22545 are as follows: 


Taken swimming in the acequia. I was attracted to it by its loud, monotonous 
note like the bleating of a goat, and fully as loud. It was heard a long distance. 
On each side of its head it has a sac which can be largely inflated, and which were 
so inflated when the animal was caught. 


No.1248. WENEZUELAN BATRACHIANS, REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 1&1 


HYLA CREPITANS Wied. 


List of specimens. 


TRE.N-M: No. | Collectors Locality. aa 
22541 Alby. | her Guana... -- =: July 24,1895 
22542 ASD): eee (Goya ee, Se June 26, 1895 
22543 AUOW | so2e 8 GOs Sete ee June 22, 1895 
22544 Ae VN eee OG ake eee June 24, 1895 
27791 ily facall eset Gores ee: July 10,1900 
27794 AN iheae. Gost eee July 2,1900 
27795 5p eaters GOG@es-42225=2 do. 


According to Captain Robinson, Nos. 22541 to 22544 were caught on 
upper surface of large green leaves overhanging water. No, 22542 
was: colored light buff above, below orange. No. 22548, which is 
much smaller, was very pale green with whitish eyes. 


jy Chel 34) aM CG Bee 
SAU RIA. 
GONATODES VITTATUS (Lichtenstein). 


No. 27820 has a white, black-margined dorsal band and black con- 
verging lines on throat, exactly as Dr. Werner describes a specimen 
from Trinidad.!| The other is uniformly drab above, with large, 
rounded, black and pale spots, which are smaller and less pronounced 
on head and extremities. There are also some dusky lines in front of 
and behind the eyes; underside uniform whitish. 


List of specimens. 


Painean Sa Collector’s 


seas tae When col- | 
No. | Locality. | leeted. 
| 
| 27819 27 | lear SWINE SS aac July 19,1900 | 


27820 2G. \eerae OMe. Ao es-ee do. | 


THECADACTYLUS RAPICAUDA (Houttuyn). 


List of specimens. 


mat Collector’s When col- 


U.S.N.M. No. No. Locality. ected 
Z a eek 
| 

22514 | 4 26 | La Guaira ....-.-.- June 25,1895 
22515 Ac 29) |e Gor3.2.22ees-% June 26,1895 


27790 | Hef | Se dO eee July 5,1900 


According to Captain Robinson’s notes, the first two specimens were 
caught in a damp and dark gorge, clinging to the bare trunks of large 
trees. ue adds Hoe they Eanes color to suit the backg we 


1 Verh. all ae Ges. Wien, 1900, p- 263. 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


ANOLIS CHRYSOLEPIS Dumeril and Bibron. 


Last of specimens. 


USN. No, | COVERS Locality. be Os 
22522 AvT6,y || a Girainates. cee June 23, 1895 
22523 AU Al secs (0 Lo eer do. 
2 ASS8 WSso2: (ORES e cee do. 
2252. EDO) ERE OSs Secee ene do. 
27818 DOM eoetis GK Rae enaccees July 12,1900 


The distended dewlap is ‘*‘ red,” as noted by Captain Robinson. His 
specimens were caught in small bushes with the butterfly net. 


IGUANA IGUANA (Linnzus). 


The specimens are perfectly typical, showing no tendency toward 
L. rhinolophus. nthe only two specimens with well-developed dorsal 
spines, viz, Nos. 22516 and 27817, the number of spines between their 
origin on the nape and the level of the vent is 56 and 59, respectively. 


List of specimens. 


When col- 


U.S.N.M. No. sex, (|| Collerons Locality. ene 
22516 | Female... A 24 |) La ‘Guana, .-2 2... June 25, 1895 
DO Lid) Me Rete ernie AW 7 Ssese Goi eseesscese June 22,1895 
27817, | Male ..... TB se5'2 done eee July 10,1900 
Pherae eccneerce| PACS osARees Rio Chicole=-es-—- 
DT BQB | ASeRe cee ete em ners aie | Sreteare QONesseeetehes 


POLYCHRUS MARMORATUS (Linnzus). 


List of specimens. 


U.S.N.M. No | Coltector’s | When col- 


Noe Locality. Tentedk 
27783 | 1) || MATIIO o4o45-co0¢ July 5, 1900 
27784 14 Cucurully see eeeee July 7,1900 
27785 OP ere CORSA ateee do. 


PLICA PLICA (Linnzus). 


Boulenger has followed Gray in applying ‘* Vraniscodon Kaup” to 
the present genus, a course not warranted by the history of the case, 
which is as follows: 

In 1825 Kaup' plainly based his Uranoscodon, as he then wrote it, 
on Agama superciliosa, though including both L. plica and wmbra in 
the genus. These species were excluded by Boie a few months later,” 
and the amended name (/ran/scodon restricted more emphatically to 
A. superciliosa. This fixes the latter as the type, and the subsequent 
application of Uraniscodon to the present genus is inadmissible. On 
the contrary, the genus which Boulenger credits to Fitzinger as 
‘* Ophryoessa,” 1826 (though spelled by Fitzinger Ophryessa), must 
henceforth be known as l/ranoscodon Kaup, 1825. 


) 


1Tsis, 1825, p. 590. *Tsis, 1825, p. 1090. 


No.1248. VENEZUELAN BATRACHIANS, REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 183 


Fitzinger’s Hephymotes, which he established in 1826 without indi- 
cating a type, might have been applicable: to the present genus, as it 
embraced nominally both species which Boulenger now includes in it, 
but in 1843' he clearly indicates the type to have been a young speci- 
men. of Polychrus marmoratus, of which genus it thus becomes a 
synonym. 


List of specimens. 


a = ~ | Collector's | =? 4 ne . When col- | 
U.S.N.M.No. | ney Locality. | 1eateae | 
—_ | ——— I 
27798 July 3,1900 | 
27799 July 5,1900 | 


AMEIVA AMEIVA (Linnzus). 


FIG. 1.—AMEIVA AMEIVA, X 2. FIG. 2,—AMEIVA AMEIVA, X 2. Fig. 4.—AMEIVA 
AMEIVA, X 2. 


Fig. 3.—AMEIVA AMEIVA, X 2. 


‘Syst. Rept., pp. 61-62. 


184 } PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


List of specimens. 


eee ee = Golleeroan Pe a When col- 

fates oe Nol | Locality. lected 
22526 A 25 | Wa Guweairsieee sees June 25, 1895 
27787 Simeu ae Se CORE pee July 2,1900 
27788 Dat eee ogee soe July 5, 1900 


This species, according to Captain Robinson, is 
common at La Guaira, where it is known as the 
“mato.” He describes the color of the living 
animal (No, 22526) as follows: Head, brown above: 
chin and throat, black; center of back, bronze 
green. Lives in burrows, and has a habit of 
licking out its forked tongue like a snake. 


CNEMIDOPHORUS LEMNISCATUS (Daudin). 


Last of specimens. 


Collector's | 


ie = eSBs When col- 
U.S.N.M. No. NG! Locality. Meant 
| | | | 
22528 | AVI, | ha Gusiral: oan. June 21,1895 
22529 ASS ieailive: Ser Gocreessceeree June 22, 1895 
27786 2: Gk ems GOs saanceee se July 2,1900 
27809 Bil eee Golssc eee July 25,1900 
27810 Bie neses dons ieee do. 
27811 D2 el aes Oo ees An Hene do. 
27812 Dili aereees (CVOVSeeeaaacece July 15,1900 
27813 | Bye lee ae GOS eer See July 25,1900 
27814 Bae lots GO-s.255-Ssenes do. 
27815 Bee eso (Kee e een a do. 
27816 SOM eee Clo ease sated do. 
Pa ieya! ial eee eiaoe ee RLOiChiGo;eea. see 
21830 alleen) esa downs es: 


Fig. 5.—AMEIVA AMEIVA, 
~ 9 


Captain Robinson’s notes contain the following 
description of the living animal (No. 22528): 

Head, neck, front legs, and portions of hind legs ‘‘ birds’-egg’’ blue; flanks golden 
green; back of head and back brownish, with fine lighter stripe, then darker; tail 
greenish; iris bright yellow. He adds that this is by far the commonest lizard on 
the Venezuelan coast. It runs with great rapidity. During the halts, after its little 
darts, it has the habit of nervously patting one of its fore feet as if in a hurry to make 
another start. 


SERPENT ES. 


BOA RUSCHENBERGII (Cope). 


The generic name Loa must be retained for the genus afterwards 
known as Corallus Daudin (1803), while Constrictor must .be used for 
the group ordinarily designated as oa, as will be seen from the 
following analysis. 


=> 


NO.1248, VENEZUELAN BATRACHIANS, REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 185 


~ In 1758 Linneus established the genus Boa, in which, among other 
species, he included B. canna, B. constrictor, and B. orophias. Of 
“course he indicated no generic type, which must 
therefore be ascertained by the process of elimi- 
nation. In 1768 Laurenti subdivided the genus 
into two genera, for one of which he retained 
the name oa, proposing Constrictor for the 
other. Boa he made to contain three nominal 
species, but they all belong as synonyms to Lin- 
neeus’s B. canina, which, therefore, must stand 
as the type. Constrictor, on the other hand, 
contains the two 
other Linnean 
species mention- 
ed above (the 
additional 2. d7- 
winoloquus being 


Fic. 6,—BOA RUSCHEN- 
BERGII, X 1}. 


only a synonym 
of B. orophias). 
The case is as plain as it can possibly be, and the well-known Boa 
constrictor must henceforth be known as Constrictor constrictor. 


Fic. 7.—BOA RUSCHENBERGII, X 1}. 


List of specimens. 


U.S.N.M. |Collector’s aes When col-| «,.7,, Tantirale | SUbcau- 
NGe Not Locality. ledneds Scales. | Ventrals. anise! 
= | = — a | oe 


CASS e a ee eee | TOV MI COs Aemens ce ne eee ese = leas = 43 260 109 


PHRYNONAX LYONI, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Seales in 23 rows, smooth except three median ones 
which are feebly keeled; ventrals 199; anal 1; subcaudals 111 pairs; 
preocular well separated from the frontal; eight upper labials, posterior 
very long; interparietal suture equals length of frontal as well as the 
distance of the latter from tip of snout. 

Type.—Cat. No. 27826, U.S.N.M.; Macuto, Venezuela; August 4, 
1900; M. W. Lyon, jr., collector. 

Habitat.—V enezuela. 

Description of type specimen.—Rostral much broader than deep, 
visible from above; internasals slightly shorter than prefrontals; 
frontal much longer than broad, as long as its distance from. the tip of 
the snout, and as long as the interparietal suture; parietals as long as 
frontal and half the interprefrontal suture; loreal as long as deep; one 
preocular, not in contact with frontal; two postoculars; temporals 
2+ 2; eight supralabials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering eye, eighth 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIy. 


very long; six lower labials (seven on left side) in contact with ante- 
rior chin-shields, which are slightly shorter than posterior; scales in 23 
rows, smooth except three median rows which are feebly keeled; two 


Fig. 8.—PHRYNONAX 
LYONI, X1. 


in alcohol), the black of the sides of the head invading 
the upper edge angularly, but vertical sutures not 


Fic, 9,.—PHRYNONAX 
>< Als 


apical pits; ventrals 199, distinctly angular laterally; 
anal entire, subcaudals 111 pairs. Black above, each 
scale with a yellowish spot, without forming any 
stripes or definite pattern; throat and anterior third 
of under side white (in alcohol) with a narrow black 
edge on each side of the ventrals from about the 
thirty-eighth ventral, these black edges becoming 
broader posteriorly, so as to finally occupy the whole 
of the ventrals with the exception of 
two pale lateral spots; head above 
black, each plate with a few yellowish 
spots; supralabials yellowish (white 


blackened. 

Total length, 1,085 mm.; 
tail, 270 mm. 

Remarks.— Phrynonaxlyoni 
appears to be allied to P. 


a. : 4 Fie. 10.—PHRYNO- 
guenthert, from Mexico, from wax iyo, x1 


which it differs chiefly in the 

fewer supralabials and the longer parietals. The coloration is quite 
similar, black with yellow spots, but there are no regular longitudinal 
stripes on the body or on the tail, and the sutures of the supralabials 


LYONI, 


are not marked with black. 


Last of specimens. 


| U.S.N.M. | Collector’s 


eae When col- | a,aq, : : Subeau- 
No: No. Locality. lected Seales. |Ventrals.| Anal. STs: 
27826 38 MacutOmes-ceecese Aug. 4,1900 23 199 1 111/111 
DRYMOBIUS BODDAERTII (Sentzen). 
List of specimens. 
U.S.N.M. Collector's lees s Wihenvcoleoalia-s ean eee wrens Ana) | Subcau- 
Nip. NIE Locality. lected! Seales. /Ventrals.| Anal. dais! 
22535 AT) iaiGiiaira ees. Junie 221895: | Js 52 <2 Se lbeec eh saell ieee: | eee 
27822 37 


| Macuto yn eet rn Aug. 2,1900|} 17 182 1/1 | 106/106 
| | | 


Color of No. 


22535 given by Captain Robinson as brownish with 


obscure lighter stripes; iris reddish brown. Shot on edge of acequia. 


no.1248. WENEZUELAN BATRACHIANS, REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 187 


LEPTOPHIS AHAZTULLA (Linnzus). 


yp 


EES 
Ee 
oe 


2 


ain 


ons 
Retaiinten 


Fig. 11.—LEPTOPHIS AH#TULLA, X 1}. 


Fia. 12.—LEPTOPHIS Fig. 13.—LEPTOPHIS 
AHETULLA, X1}. AH#TULLA, X 11. 


Both Leennberg and Andersson, from examination of the Linnean 
type specimens, have come to the conclusion that the species often 
known as ZL. léocercus (Wied) is the true Coluber ahetulla of Linneus. 


List of specimens. 


U.S.N.M. Collector’s When col- | Subeau- 
No. No. : 


Locality. | lected. Scales. |Ventrals. Anal. levanie: 
= ~~ fe 25 )| fake ||* adh s \Ms Ste | J eat ee RF a 

27821 39 | Macuto........--- | ste. 8,1900| 15 | 164 |) Tt | 134/134 
5 Slag Wee ee Rio Ghieo..5...2- | Lee cad acini eeeeeeen eaeeee coe 


CLELIA DOLIATA (Dumeril and Bibron). 


Fig, 14,—CLELIA DOLIATA, 
ean 


Fig. 16.—CLELI? 
DOLIATA, X 2. 


Fig. 15.—CLELIA 
DOLIATA, X 2. 


As Fitzinger in plain words indicated Daudin’s Coluber clalia as the 
type of his new genus C/elia there can be no excuse for the retention 
of Wagler’s Oxyrhopus which is four years younger. I may add here 


188 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


that it appears preferable to separate the groups of species with undi- 
vided subcaudals as a distinet genus, for which Schneider’s Pseudoboa 


is available. 


The specimen before me is in most excellent condition and shows 


the original coloration to perfection. 
The anterior six black crossbars are 
broader than the light interspaces, 
which are white with black tip to each 
scale; all the following interspaces are 


"1G, 17.—CLELIA SEMICINCTA, x 2. d : 
ss ea aa ans gs ica) broader than the black bars, being 


bright red, with the row adjoining the black bars 
pure white and all tipped with black; the black 
bars on neck and body (29) invade the ends of 
the ventrals, while those on the tail (15) are con- 
tinuous across the underside, forming complete 
rings; black on top of head reaches to the pos- 
terior third of the parietals; first black cross- 
bar begins on the fifth scale behind the parie- 
tals. This specimen agrees in every particular 
with the two enumerated by Boulenger as ‘* B”? 
and has the identical scale formula. It differs, 
consequently, from the type specimens described 
by Duméril and Bibron, and from Boulenger’s 


specimen A, in which the majority of the black =F": 18-_Cuntra sem 


bands form more or less complete annuli. It is 


Fic, 19.—CLELIA SEMI- 


CINCTA, xX 


9 


CINCTA, X 2. 


also to be noted that the two specimens of the latter 
group have 191-199 ventrals and 61-65 subcaudals, 
while inthe former the ventrals are 183-186 and 
caudals 77-80. The exact locality of the type speci- 
men is not known, nor that of the three specimens 
in British Museum. On the other hand, Dr. 
Boettger® records two specimens of Oxyrrhopus 
doliatus from Santa Ana, Province Cuzco, Peru, 
without giving particulars as to coloration and 
scale formula. Under the circumstances it is 
impossible to say whether the differences indi- 
cated above are of specific significance, which, 
in view of the geographical distribution, would 
certainly seem to be the case, if the Peruvian 
specimens should be found to agree with the type 


of (. doliata and with specimen A in British Museum. 
It should be noted in this connection that the type of Cope’s Oxyr- 


‘Schneider, Amph., II, 1801, p. 281. The type, by elimination, is P. coronata. 


*Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., IIT, 1896, p. 106. 
* Kat. Schlangen Mus. Senckenb., 1898, p. 97. 


no.1248. VENEZUELAN BATRACHIANS, REPTILES—STEJNEGER. 189 


rhopus doliatus semicinctus (Cat. No. 28900, U.S.N.M., Costa Rica, 
Gabb, collector) (figs. 17-19) is colored like the Venezuelan specimen 
so far as the underside is concerned, the bars on neck and body num- 
bering 25 and the rings on tail 13, but the dark bars and rings through- 
out are broader than the light interspaces, which are not regularly 
spotted with black; the black bars anteriorly often alternate and 
coalesce broadly on the median line. The scale formula differs also 
considerably from those mentioned above, being as follows: Scale 
rows, 19; ventrals, 200; anal, 1; subcaudals, 90/90. 


List of specimens. 


|; U.S.N.M. | Collect- oes | When col- | eee Ven- | : Sub- | 
No. | or’s No. Locality. (| lected. Seales. | trals, | Anal eee 
2). 2 eee = SS | = | 
| 27823 | 44 | La Guaira....) Aug. 11,1900 ..| 19 184 | 1 79/79 


PSEUDOBOA NEUWIEDII (Dumeril and Bibrcon). 


x 22, 


FIG, 21.—PsEUDOBOA Fig. 22.—PSEUDOBOA 
NEUWIEDIH, X 22. NEUWIEDII, X 25. 


Fic. 24.—PSEUDOBOA FIG. 23.—PSEUDOBOA NEUWIEDII, 


NEUWIEDII, X 2. iD) 


The specimen from La Guaira differs from two from Trinidad in 
having a wide, white band across occiput, as in young Clelia cloelia. 


List of specimens. 


U.S.N.M. | Collect- ea epee When col- Tne, Ven- ; Sub- 
| No. or’s No. Locality. lected. Seales. trals. Anal. caudals. | | 
| 27824 | 19 | La Guaira....| July 10,1900 -. 19 is2 | 1 | 89 
| | 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


PSEUDOBOA ROBINSONI, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Scales in 19 rows; ventrals, 186; anal single; subcaudals, 
82, single; posterior nasal and loreal widely separated by second labial 
which is broadly in contact with prefrontal; rostral prominent, slightly 
upturned, broader than deep, the portion visible 
from above one-half as long as its distance from 
the frontal; supralabials eight. 

Type.—Cat. No. 22532 U.S.N.M.; La Guaira, 
Venezuela; June 21, 1895; Capt. Wirt Robinson, 
FIG, 25,—PSEUDOBOA ROBIN- — eojlector. 

SONI, X 13. . 
Habitat.—V enezuela. 

Description of type specimen.—Kye rather small; snout projecting; 
rostral large, prominent, slightly upturned, broader than deep, its 
upper portion forming an obtuse angle and measuring one-half 
its distance from the frontal; internasals slightly 
shorter than prefrontals; frontal much longer than 
broad, equally its distance from tip of snout and 
longer than interparietal suture; parietals as long as 
frontal and one-half the interprefrontal suture; loreal 
small, much longer than deep, broadly separated from 
posterior nasal; one preocular scarcely reaching the 
upper surface and widely separated from frontal; two 
postoculars; 2+ 8 temporals, the upper one of the first — Fic. 26.—Psrupo- 
row only incontact with postoculars; eight supralabials, —{?), FOPISOND 
second broadly in contact with prefrontal and sixth in 
contact with upper anterior temporal, fourth and fifth entering eye; 
four lower labials in contact with anterior chin-shields, which are 
slightly longer than the posterior; scales smooth, in 19 rows, with two 
terminal pits; ventrals, 186; anal single; subcaudals, 
82, single; color (in alcohol), above, uniform drab, be- 
coming paler on the three lower scale rows; top of 
head and a spot on upper neck behind occiput darker; 
underside, including upper labials, uniform whitish. 

Total length, 700 mm; tail, 175 mm. 

Remarks.—Pseudoboa robinsoni in some respects 
occupies an intermediate position between P. newwiedit 
Fie. 27.—Psruno- and P. guerini, having a snout more projecting than 

Soe the former, but less so than the latter, though the 

fa portion of the rostral visible from above is not greater 
than in 2. newoiedii. It differs from both most strikingly in the 
separation of the loreal from the posterior nasal, the second super- 
labial thus coming broadly in contact with the prefrontal. 


*) 


rs 


a 
(Sese=r 


Fr ONS 
ee 
co 
cee, 
Oe 
oS 


——> 


No.1248. VENEZUELAN BATRACHIANS, REPTILE 


STEJNEGER. 191 


List of specimens. 


When col- 


U Pe ad Locality. lected Scales. | Ventrals.| Anal. Sea | 
29532 NE ba Grenpy sane ae June 21,1895 19 186 1 82 
OXYBELIS ACUMINATUS (Wied). 
FiG. 29.—OX YBELIS Fig. 80.—OXYBELIS 
ACUMINATUS, X 2. ACUMINATUS, X 2. 
List of specimens. 
U.S.N.M. | Collector’s | Seana When col- | AAG, | een ea ; Subecau- 
Nol Not | Locality. fected! | Seales. | V entrals.| Anal. dale 
SS SS SSS 
22536 AG Doyen loan Gainer ces. <= [INT CLOG RISO M Pee tee epee Nall ee ee 
27825 oO) WeSaniliamss (cs. | July 21,1900 17 | 182 2 166/166 


Captain Robinson writes that this snake in crawling carried from 
one-third to one-half of its body erect in the air, It was killed on the 
ground, 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXTY. 


LEPTOGNATHUS VARIEGATUS Duméril and Bibron. 


Fic, 31.—LEPTOGNATHUS VARIE- 
GATUS, X 3. 


Fig. 32.—LEPTOGNATHUS FIG. 33.—LEPTOGNATHUS 
VARIEGATUS, X 3. VARIEGATUS, X 3. 


The specimen collected by Captain Robinson has fewer supralabials 
than the normal number credited to this species. In view of the great 
variability of this character, and also because the present specimen is 
manifestly abnormal on the left side, I have not attached any impor- 
tance to this circumstance. On the left side there are only eight 
supralabials, nevertheless the third is excluded from the eye, which is 
only in touch with the fourth and fifth. On the right side the number 
of supralabials is nine, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye. Nasal 
is apparently undivided. 


List of specimens. 


{ 


U.S.N.M. | Collector's Oe eeinres When col- to ai | rere x : Subcau- 
ian. No. Locality. | lected. Seales. | \ entrals.| Anal. dale! 
| ee a ae Ye se Mi ae 
| 
22531 | A: low vay Guana =e. cee | June 23, 1895 15 | 179 | it 81/81 
| 


Captain Robinson writes that this snake was coiled up in a tight 
knot at the end of a twig on asmall bush. A blow from the handle 
of his butterfly net killed it, but it hung until taken down. 


CHELONIA. 


TESTUDO DENTICULATA Linnezus. 


Four live specimens of this common South American land tortoise 
were brought home and deposited in the National Zoological Park. 

The collectors state that these turtles are eaten by natives, who call 
them morocoys. 


ON A STONY METEORITE, WHICH FELL NEAR FELIX, 
PERRY COUNTY, ALABAMA, MAY 15, 1900. 


By Grorce P. MerRrRIL1, 
Head Curator, Department of Geology. 


The meteorite here described fell about 11.30 a.m. on May 15, 1900, 

near Felix, Alabama. For the details concerning the fall, as well as 
for securing the specimen itself, the United States National Museum is 
indebted to Mr. J. W. Coleman, who visited the locality and obtained 
the statements of eyewitnesses. These statements, somewhat abridged, 
are as follows: 
_ Mr. Robert D. Sturdevant, a farmer of Augustin, Perry County, 
said that while at work in his cotton field his attention was attracted 
by a loud rumbling noise sounding very much like thunder. It being 
a clear, cloudless day, he immediately looked up and saw the meteor- 
ite directly overhead. There was one very loud report, followed by 
two lesser ones, the appearance being compared to that of ‘*a big piece 
of red-hot iron being struck with a hammer, causing many sparks to 
fly in all directions. After the explosion the smaller pieces popping 
off sounded much like a small stone or nail being thrown with great 
force, making a humming or hissing noise. The meteor seemed to be 
passing from east to west.” 

The main mass of the stone, weighing about 7 pounds, was subse- 
quently brought by a colored boy to Mr. Sturdevant, who visited the 
locality, about half a mile away, and found that in falling it had made 
a hole about 6 inches deep in the soft plowed ground. 

Mr. Robert S$. Browning, who was on Mr. Sturdevant’s place at the 
time of the fall, stated that, ‘* There was a rumbling noise, followed by 
three loud reports much like thunder or a big gun.” He compared 
the appearance of the meteorite to that of ‘ta big shovel of red-hot 
coals being upset.” 

Mr. W. A. Kenan, of Benton, Alabama, some 25 miles from the place 
where the stone was found, stated that the report was heard in Selma, 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1249. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 13 193 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Montgomery, and Marion, the latter place being about 16 miles west 
of Augustin. 

So far as can be learned—a part of the information being obtained 
by Mr. Coleman from negroes—the stone at the time of the explosion 
broke into three pieces, the larger of which was the one brought to 
Mr. Sturdevant and which is said to have originally weighed about 7 
pounds, as already noted. Another small piece was found, but has 
disappeared, and the third, if such there was, was never found. The 
stone, as obtained by Mr. Coleman, was broken into five pieces which 
weighed altogether 2,049 grams. As shown in the illustration (Plate 
XIII), it was about 13 centimeters in its greatest length, by 9 in breadth, 
and about the same thickness, and was covered except where broken, 
by a very thin black crust, nowhere more than half a millimeter in 
thickness. The color on the broken surfaces is dark smoky gray, 
almost black. It is very fine grained, with numerous small dark 
chondrules, not more than 1 to 2 millimeters in diameter at most, 
and with no metallic iron visible to the naked eye. The mass is quite 
soft and friable and resembles in a general way the stones of Warrenton, 
Warren County, Missouri, and Lancé, France, more closely than those 
of any other locality with which the author is acquainted. 

The color is, however, darker than is the Warren County stone, and 
the chondritie structure more pronounced than in that of Lancé. It is, 
moreover, uniformly gray in color, and not speckled with white, as is 
the last named. Under the microscope the stone is seen at once to 
belong to the chondritic type, as is indeed evident on close inspection 
by the naked eye. The essential minerals are olivine, augite, and 
enstatite, with troilite and native iron, the silicates occurring in the 
form of chondrules, or associated more or less fragmental particles, 
embedded ina dark, opaque, or faintly translucent base, which is irre- 
solvable so far as the microscope is concerned. The structure is 
pronouncedly fragmental and the stone belongs, beyond question, to 
the group of tuffs. 

The details of the microscopic structure are as follows: In a very 
dense, dark gray, seemingly amorphous base are scattered various 
silicate minerals in the form of fragments and chondrules, and inter- 
spersed with occasional minute blebs of native iron and troilite. The 
chondrules are composed of olivine, enstatite, or augite, and are some- 
times monosomatic and sometimes polysomatic, holocrystalline, or 
with a varying amount of glassy base. Interspersed with these are 
fragments of olivines and enstatites of all sizes, from a half a milli- 
meter down to the finest dust. Scattered through the ground mass are 
proportionally large plates or clusters of enstatites, as shown in Plate 
XIV, fig. 1. These are very light gray in color, with poorly defined 
outlines and extremely irregular borders projecting into the black 


-, 1249. THE FELIX METEORITE—MERRILL. 195 


_irresolvable material which forms the base. The enstatite chondrules 
are in some cases almost completely amorphous or cryptocrystalline. 
Fig. 20f Plate XIV shows an impure nucleal mass surrounded by a clear 
transparent border of the same material. In this case the chondrule 
extinguishes in polarized light as a unit, and the general appearance is 
remarkably like that of the quartz granules which have undergone 
secondary enlargement in sandstones. ’ 

Many of the augites show polysynthetic twinning such as was noted 
by Tschermak in the meteorites of Renazzo and Mezo Madras, as do 
also, according to the present writer’s observation, those of the mete- 
orite of Warrenton, Warren County, Missouri. The banding is in some 
cases so regular and the colors so light that it was at first thought 
such might be in part plagioclase feldspars. The forms are, however, 
those of augite; they lack the pellucidity of feldspars, and, moreover, 
sections of the mineral showing no twinning bands always extinguish 
parallel with the vertical axes, while those showing twinning bands 
give extinctions as high as 39 degrees. There is, therefore, apparently 
no doubt of their augitic nature. (See Plate XIV, fig. 2.) 

The most striking features of the stone are the extremely irregular, 
almost amorphous, areas shown in figs. 4, 5, and 6 of the same plate. 
These seem in a general way to resemble the amorphous chondrules 
described by Tschermak from the meteorite of Grosnaja and figured 
on Plate 20, fig. 2 of his Wikroskopische Beschaffenheit der Meteoriten. 
They present, however, certain features such as suggest quite a differ- 
ent origin. 

In fig. 4 the outlines are very jagged, sharp crystal points projecting 
into the black ground mass and the whole made up of an extremely 
fine aggregate of nearly colorless, faintly polarizing granules inter- 
spersed with a few black spots. Fig. 5, on the other hand, is that of 
a nearly amorphous or faintly cryptocrystalline mass. Fig. 6, which 
is one of the most striking, shows a distinctly crystalline border with 
an interior crystalline aggregate merging outward into cryptocrystal- 
line matter, as in the last case. The border, as shown when the body 
is viewed between cross nicols, belongs to a different and probably 
earlier stage of crystallization than the interior, and were the rock a 

terrestrial tuff, I think beyond question a majority of petrographers 
would regard the entire aggregate as secondary, and as due to a deposit 
ina preexisting cavity through infiltration of solutions. The exact char- 
acter of the mineral comprising these areas can not with certainty be 


1Tschermak described a like border in the chondrules of the meteorite of Gros- 
nija. He accounted for it by supposing it to be of secondary origin, a product of a 
second rise in temperature (accompanied it may be reducing vapors) not sufficient 
to produce fusion, but merely to bring about a structural modification in the super- 
ficial portions. (Min. u. Pet. Mittheil. I, 1878, p. 160.) 


196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


made out. It is colorless, polarizes in light and dark shades only, 
shows no satisfactory crystal outlines or cleavage, and in but one 
instance was I able to get what was apparently one of the bars of a 
biaxial interference figure. They are perhaps feldspathic. Their 
small size (the entire aggregate in fig. 6 being only some four-tenths 
of amillimeter in diameter) renders their separation for microchemical 
tests practically impossible. 

Others of these areas are so finely cryptocrystalline and merge so 
gradually into the ground mass that it is scarcely possible to consider 
them as mechanically included fragments. : 

The chemical composition of the stone is shown in the analyses given 
below, as made in the laboratory of the department by Dr. Peter 
Fireman. 

By treatment with solution of the double salt of mercuric ammonium 
chloride, after the method of Carl Friedheim,' there was obtained: 


Per cent. 
(a). Metallic portion: 225425223: icc k02 i tse se eee ee 3. 04 
(b) Nonmetallic portion (including troilite and chromite).........--..-.---- 96. 96 
100. 00 

The metallic portion yielded: 
: Per cent. 
1 ES a ees eg Se eng ey ee NN Nee ela de Pe te es ee oe 85. O4 
INDE SS a Sse c Sen ROS ane oe re elere cre eae se ee ae 11. 93 
GOSS oe stad CSL SLSR ES Se SS Sey ee ee 2.79 
Cia 2 OI ESE Sse ES EE CO Sy Coe 0. 24 
100. 00 


The silicate portion was digested with hydrochloric acid and sodium 
carbonate solution after the usual method. The soluble and insoluble 
portions then yielded results as below, deducting those constituents 
present in combination, as troilite, chromite, or as free carbon. 


Soluble silicate. | Insoluble silicate. 
Per cent. Per cent. 
SIO se sets es Se ee ee ae S2C91 GI 4S1O% pe. Sees 53. 59 
TAU, Ore 2 ee ere eee es beter an Dis hoe) JAMS Osi sis pares Bt eaey ee eek ee 6. 97 
REO) oc ts eck Sone eee BAe 4d COAT kp ae eres A: Bie See 3. 50 
VTi (G) ts or ek nce ee 0; 94 NGaOns (32 28 oan Se 4, 33 
INTO I CoOss sass eee 1689! MeO 2S: - Seog, Se ee Sion me 
CEG See eae eer et at LOSES 23. 6243S OKe ES A one ee ee ere 0. 34 
Np Owes Aas ech M2 Rea eee LOZSOs | INGO) eas eee oe ees ee 0. 63 
ESO) Sh eer oe eee ee EL ee 0.11 
"G50 See ae meee i 0.70 100. 69 
ETP OFA telul Ooo erence aes se FL eee On22 
99. 56 


'Sitz. d. k. Preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaft 1888, p. 345. 


lt le adn @ 


,.. 1249. THE FELIX METEORITE—MERRILL. 197 


+ 


From these analyses the total chemical composition of the entire 


| stone was calculated as follows: 


Ie ye Sena hea eee 2a | 
Ni ..--...--------- u = -Metallie portion=3.04 per cent. 
Cig ee eee eat 0.08 | 
(Ci ee 0. O01 
iQpesee sees ens 33. 97 
UO hela es 3. 24 
Cra OS eS sn eee See 0. 80 
HOORe Ass Se sess 26. 22 
DES hee te a ae 4.76 
Mir Oe tess cokes 2 2 0. 68 
MOE CoO => 1.01 ; Stony portion=96.96 per cent. 
Balmain 445 Ale 5. 45 
VID per ons oY pe ean 19. 74 
TS6(0)6 ae eee er tere 0. 14 
Na, OSE Sse aan 0. 62 
Ci(Graphite)) == =s- 0. 36 
HOt lose = 0. 16 
99. 79 


Specific gravity, at 30° c, as determined by Mr. Tassin, 3.78. 


The mineralogical composition may therefore be given as follows: 


Per cent. 


SURI So -.c 2 2 SSS S SSE ee ee Oe re ee ee SD ee ee a 3. OF 

nee ie et fe ree NING eee Pe oe oe So a eet ea 4.76 
CE nrivaraiaii ey oss Sou as SR oF a i ee Se BN ee ee 7 

Pe TOUTES Sle SIS seal She RSPR Ta fee ee 0. 36 

Smite riiesten divine in Warh) coco inc oo eco se antl one ce bode eee eee eee 72. 60 

Insoluble silicate (enstatite and augite in part) ....-..--..------------------ 18. 07 

100. 00 


There are certain points of these analyses which I am unable, at 
present, to satisfactorily explain. The insoluble portion may be con- 
sidered as essentially enstatite and an aluminous monoclinic pyroxene, 
and the soluble portion as largely olivine. But the high per cent of 
iron protoxide (FeO) as well as the lime and alumina in this latter 
portion, are not easily accounted for. It is possible that the last two 
elements may be constituents of the colorless, undetermined mineral 

referred to, but the source of the iron protoxide is for the present 
unexplainable. 

The case is, however, not without precedent, J. Lawrence Smith 
reporting’ similar conditions in the Warrenton, Warren County, Mis- 
souri, stone, which, however, he allows to pass without comment. 


! Original Researches in Mineralogy and Chemistry, p. 532. 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


For purposes of comparison, I give below the analyses of the soluble 
and insoluble silicate portions of the Felix and Warrenton meteorites: 


| Felix. | Warrenton. 

ons Ome tts Soluble | Insoluble | Soluble | Insoluble 

silicates. | silicates. | silicates. | silicates. 
BIOp eo So ceeee a cetes seed 32.91 | 58. 59 33, 02 56. 90 
Alb Og <2 tances Sees e ee eee 2.73 6. 97 0.12 0. 20 
HeO sae. oe he Ca eee 34. 74 3.50 37.57 10. 20 
Mn). acne 25 Se ea neice 0.04 2 2p o2 oe acallnse ween dace hee eee 
NiO) t 2... te eee ee NW PER) a { a AE are 
COQ ssa aes cee neeneemaneen eee J bee CC Se So O3L. | \.58 Beste 
CaO: stb e eee eee 6.43 4.33 Trace. 7.62 
MeOw 2.5 352 oe 2 eee ee eee 19. 39 31.33 28. 41 22. 41 
Ks Oe ao tee ee eo eee 0.11 QV8E N32 adc ca5e S| Cee eee 
Nan O pe Ss eae aoe ee ae eee 0.70 0.63 0. 07 1.00 

| 99. 34 100. 69 101. 04 98. 33 


The dark color of the rock is undoubtedly due to the carbon it con- 
tains, since the amount of iron and troilite, as shown by the analyses, 
is extremely small. More than that, the finely pulverized rock, after 
having been subjected to prolonged digestion in hydrochloric acid and 
sodium carbonate solution, still shows minute black, amorphous, and 
opaque flakes distributed through it, which are presumably carbon in 
the form of graphite. The stone evidently belongs to Brezina’s class 
of Witigelchenchondrites and to Meunier’s group of Ornanites. It will 
be known as the Felix meteorite. 

I am indebted to Dr. F. Berwerth, of the k. k. Hof Museum at 
Vienna, for a fragment of the Lancé meteorite for comparison, and 
to the Shepard collection for material for thin sections of the Warren 
County stone. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
Pirate XIII. 


Figs. 1 and 2. Felix meteorite. The size is indicated by the centimeter rule below 
each figure. 


PLATE XIV. 


Fig. 1. Enstatite plates in ground mass. The black in this and infigs. 5 and 6is a little 
too dense. It is intended to show the dark, irresolvable base. 

Fig. 2. Monosomatic enstatite chondrule with clear, colorless border. 

Fig. 3. Twinned augite. 

Figs. 4, 5, and 6. Colorless, granular, and eryptocrystalline areas of an undetermined 
mineralogical nature, which it is thought may be of secondary origin. The 
actual size of the particles figured on this plate in no case exceeds 0.5 mm. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XIIl 


THE FELIX METEORITE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 198. 


re) 


vat te et egy Dehn vere om mes 


no 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XIV 


THE FELIX METEORITE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 198. 


A REVIEW OF THE ATHERINE FISHES OF JAPAN. 


By Davip Starr Jorpan and Epwin CHAPIN STARKS, 


Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


In the present paper 1s given an account of the Japanese species of 
Atherinide. It is based on the collections made in 1900 by Messrs. 
Jordan and Snyder and upon the specimens contained in the United 
States National Museum. The drawings are by Mrs. Chloe Lesley 
Starks. 

Family ATHERINID. 
THE SILVERSIDES. 


Body rather elongate, somewhat compressed, covered with scales of 
moderate or small size, which are usually, but not always, cycloid. 
No lateral line; some scales often with rudimentary mucous tubes. 
Cleft of the mouth moderate. Teeth small on jaws and sometimes 
on vomer and palatines, rarely wanting. Premaxillaries protractile 
or not. Opercular bones usually without spines or serrature. Gill, 
openings wide, the gill membranes not connected, free from the 
isthmus; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Pseudobranchiz present; 
gill-rakers usually long and slender. Branchiostegals 5 or 6. Dorsal 
fins 2, well separated, the first of 3 to 8 slender flexible spines, the 
second of soft rays; anal with a weak spine, similar to the soft dorsal, 
but usually larger; ventral fins small, abdominal, not far back, of 
1 small spine and 5 soft rays; pectorals moderate, inserted high. 
Air bladder present. No pyloric coeca. . Vertebrae numerous, usually 
about 23 + 2346; third and fourth superior pharyngeals coossified, 
with teeth. Carnivorous fishes, mostly of small size, living in great 
schools near the shore in temperate and tropical seas; a few species in 
fresh water. All the species have a silvery band along the side; this 
is sometimes underlaid by black pigment. All of them which are 
large enough are highly valued as food. 


a. Premaxillaries protractile, the skin not continuous with that of the forehead. 
b. Premaxillary narrow posteriorly, its edge nearly straight. 


c. Body little compressed, the belly rounded; pectorals short; scales cycloid; 
vomer with teeth; first dorsal with 5 or 6 spines, inserted in front 
of the rather short anal; mouth short. 

(aptlcadewiGEhOubes pinesua. se = seer ee eee oe ee Soca su Atherina 

dd. Head with rows of small sharp spines along the various ridges. 
Atherion. 
cc. Body much compressed, the breast compressed to a sharp edge; belly 
nkmale\swathvapiesiy toc asses eee tec 88 he 2 ae Iso 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1250. ae 
oe 


200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX1V. 


ATHERINA (Artedi) Linneeus. 


FRIARS. 
Atherina (Artedi) Linnaxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 315 (hepsetus). 


Membras Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, 1836 (no type indicated). 

Body oblong, compressed. Mouth large, terminal, oblique; jaws 
about equal, their edges nearly straight; maxillary extending to the 
front of eye. Premaxillaries narrow posteriorly, strongly protractile. 
Villiform teeth in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Species 
numerous, mostly European. 

(adepivy, the ancient name, from @67~, a spike or arrow.) 


a. Vent between the ventral fins. 


b. Scales with entire edges, about 40 in number; lateral band narrow..woodwardi . 


bb. Scales obtusely denticulate, about 45 in number; lateral band broader. bleekeri 
aa. Vent well behind tip of ventrals; scales 45; scales with entire edges... tsuruge 


ATHERINA WOODWARDI Jordan and Starks, new species, 


Atherina ? pinguis IsH1tkAwa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 33, Okinawa, Miyakoshima, 
Riukiu Archipelago, not of Lacépéde. 

Head 4} in body without caudal; depth 53. Eye 22 in head; snout 

4; maxillary 23. Dorsal V-I,10; anal I,12. Scales 40, transverse 6. 


frre. 1 area WOODWARDI. 

Mouth moderate in size, the maxillary reaching to just past anterior 
orbital rim. Teeth very small, in narrow bands on jaws and vomer. 
Gill-rakers slender, about half eye in length, their number about 6 + 16. 

Head as viewed from above essentially as here described for A. bleekert 
and with the same ridges. 

Cheeks and suborbital region evidently with scales, though but two 
or three scales remain on head on our specimens. Scales on body with 
entire edges. Fifteen scales in the median series on back before 
spinous dorsal, and 7 between dorsal bases. ‘ 

Origin of ventrals midway between front of anal and middle of eye; 
distance between front of first dorsal and front of second 1? in head. 
Pectoral reaching to above first third of ventrals. Vent between 
ventrals as in A. dleeheri. 

Color probably silvery; the back very sparsely covered with coarse 
brown dots set more or less in rows. A rather narrow silvery lateral 


No, 1250. ATHERINE FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 201 


band bordered with black above is nearly confined anteriorly to the 
third row of scales below superior median series. Its posterior two- 
fifths being slightly wider and the scales being smaller it involves the 
lower edge of the second row of scales and the upper edge of the 
fourth; its anterior end does not show above upper edge of pectoral. 
Tip of snout dusky with brown dots. Opercles silvery. Another series 
of specimens from the same locality, probably owing to a different 
method of preservation, are more silvery with the lateral band not so 
conspicuous and with the border above it not so dark. 

This species differs from A. valenciennesii and A. bleekeri in having 
scales with entire edges, and from the latter particularly in having 
fewer scales. 

The type and 7 cotypes are from Okinawa, in the Riukiu group. 
The former bears the number 6529 on the catalogue of the Leland 
Stanford Junior University Museum. It was numbered 566 in the 
Imperial Museum of Tokyo, a type specimen being presented by 
Dr. Ishikawa. Others numbered 567, from Miyakoshima, are in the 
Imperial Museum. 

The junior author wishes to name this species for Dr. Smith 
Woodward, of the British Museum, as a slight acknowledgment of 
the interest Dr. Woodward has shown in his work on fish osteology. 

ATHERINA BLEEKERI Giinther. 
Atherina japonica BLEEKER, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXV, Japan, p. 40, fig. 2, Nagasaki, 
(not of Houttuyn). 
Atherina bleekeri GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 398, China. 
Atherinichthys sp. IsH1kawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 33, Ise, No. 565. 
Atherina valenciennesi Nystrom, Kong. Svensk. Ak. Vet., 1887, p. 38, Nagasaki (not 
of Bleeker). 

Head 43 in body without caudal; depth 53. Eye 3 in head: snout 
4; maxillary 22. Dorsal VI-I, 10; anal I, 13; scales 45; transverse 
series 7. 

Mouth rather oblique and moderate in size; the maxillary reaching 
just past the anterior orbital rim; jaws about equal. Teeth very small, 
in bands on jaws and vomer.  Gill-rakers slender, in length a little less 
than the diameter of pupil; about 19 present on lower limb of arch. 

Nasal bones forming a ridge or angle continuous with supraorbital 
rim making the head as viewed from above flat, with the lateral edges 
straight and gradually approaching each other as a long triangle, and 
with the apex cut squarely off or bluntly rounded at tip of snout. 
Distance across tip of snout 14 in interorbital space, which is a little 
greater than diameter of eye. A broad low ridge decreasing in size 
anteriorly extends from the first scales on top of head to anterior inter- 
orbital edge where a depression separates it from a ridge on middle of 
snout formed by the process of premaxillaries. These ridges are partly 
formed by a depression on each side of them. 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Scales on back extending over occiput to posterior margin of eyes; 
a few scales behind and below eye; head otherwise naked. Scales on 
body obtusely denticulated; fins scaleless. In a median line on back 
before dorsal are 20 scales, and between the bases of dorsals are 8. 

Origin of soft dorsal about over the first third of anal base, the tips 
of its rays extending a little beyond those of anal. Origin of ven- 
trals nearer front of anal base than tip of snout by a distance equal to 
diameter of eye. Pectoral reaching slightly past origin of ventrals. 
Origin of first dorsal before that of second a distance contained 14 in 
length of head. Vent between ventrals, midway between their tips 
and base. 

Color.—Edges of scales of back broadly edged with blackish or 
dusky; this more pronounced on back as viewed from above. Top of 
head and tip of snout black. Tip of mandible variously dusky or 
colorless. Lateral band silvery, dark above; occupying nearly the 
entire third and upper half of fourth series of scales below median 
series of back. Ventrals and anal colorless. Dorsals and caudal 
dusky. Pectoral dusky at base. 

This species is represented in great abundance in the Japanese 
collection. Specimens were obtained from the following localities. 
Tsuruga, Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, island of Numata, Hakata, 
Nagasaki. It is everywhere common in sandy bays from Tokyo 
southward to Kiusiu. , 

Here described from a specimen 5} inches in length from Misaki, 
Sagami, Japan. 

Of 16 other specimens counted, 11 have 5 spines in the first dorsal, 
while 5 have 6 spines. The soft dorsal varies from I, 9 to I, 10, and 
the anal I, 11 to I, 12. 

(Named for Pieter van Bleeker.) 


ATHERINA TSURUGZ Jordan and Starks, new species. 


Head 44 in body without caudal; depth53. Eye 23 in head; snout 33; 
maxillary 3. Dorsal V-I, 10; anal 1,12. Scales 45; transverse series 7, 


ie ees 
k oe 


Fic. 2.—ATHERINA TSURUG&. 


The maxillary reaches scarcely past anterior orbital rim. Jaws about 
equal. Teeth very small, in narrow bands on jaws and vomer.  Gill- 
rakers slender; the longest about 24 in eye; their number about 6 + 21. 


NO. 1250. ATHERINE FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 205 


The interorbital space is a little greater than the diameter of the eye. 
The shape of the head and the ridges are as described for A. blecker/. 

Seales with entire edges; their number and arrangement as in A. 
bleckeri. 

Origin of soft dorsal about over the first fourth of anal. Origin of 
ventrals midway between front of anal and anterior orbital rim. 
Pectoral reaching a little past front of ventrals. Origin of spinous 
before that of soft dorsal a distance contained 1,'; in head. 

Vent a little over half the length of ventrals posterior to the tips of 
those fins. 

Colorv.—Sides silvery. Lateral band silvery bordered above with 
dark blue, occupying the third and part of the fourth series of scales. 
Top of head and a border to scales of back an opaque cobalt blue. 
This sometimes more or less replaced on scales by dark brown or black, 
but the blue is nearly always present as small dots on the median row 
of scales of back and may be seen by the aid of a magnifier. Pectoral 
dusky at tip. Ventrals and anal colorless. Dorsals and caudal dusky. 

This species differs from A. d/eekeri in having scales with entire 
edges, in having the top of head a conspicuous cobalt, in haying the 
pectoral tipped with dusky, and particularly in having the vent much 
more posterior, which character will at once separate the species. 

The type is 132 mm. in entire length and is from Nagasaki, Hizen, 
Japan, where many cotypes were taken. Other specimens are from 
Misaki and Tsuruga. 

The type bears the number 6530 on the Leland Stanford Junior 
University Museum Register. 


ATHERION Jordan and Starks, new genus. 


This genus differs from Atherina in having small, sharp, tooth-like 
spines set in rows on the head. Maxillary anteriorly covered with 
them, a row following lower edge of mandible and another along inner 
under edge; these continue along interopercle and anterior part of 
subopercles as a band of scattered spinules; a row along lower limb 
of preopercle; a row on preorbital; and a row on superior orbital rim. 

It also differs from the known Japanese species of Atherina in hay- 
ing the vent near front of anal. 

(Diminutive of afnp, the rough spike of wheat.) 


ATHERION ELYMUS Jordan and Starks, new species. 


Head + in body without caudal; depth 6. Eye 3 in head; snout 4. 
Dorsal V—I, 11; anal I, 16. Scales 43; transverse 7. 

Mouth oblique and very small; the maxillary not nearly reaching 
toeye. Teeth evident on jaws, and apparently the whole roof of the 
mouth is granulated. Interorbital wide and convex, its width greater 
than diameter of eye. Top of head smooth, convex, and without 


204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


ridges. The supraorbital rim separated from central portion of inter- 
orbital space by a depression. Head with rows of small, sharp, and 
tooth-like spines, as described for the genus. 

Opercles with three or four large scales, and cheeks and suborbital 
region with scales. Scales on body with entire edges. About 16 
scales in the median series in front of dorsal. Second.dorsal originat- 
ing nearly above middle of anal, and extending a little posterior to it. 
Front of spinous dorsal before front of soft dorsal a distance contained 
13 in head. Pectoral reaching to above middle of ventrals. Origin of 
ventrals midway between the vertical from middle of eye and front 
of anal. Vent near front of anal. : 

Color slaty, no silvery apparent except a trace at opercles. Scales 


Fic. 3.—ATHERION ELYMUS. 


of back each with a large blackish spot. Top of head and snout black. 
Lateral edge of lower jaw black. A black lateral stripe on third and 
part of fourth rows of scales, growing broader at about its middle, 
thence narrower at caudal peduncle and again expanding at base of 
caudal fin, somewhat involving. base of caudal rays. Fins without 
color, except caudal, which is slightly dusky. 

The largest specimen is 38mm. in length. About a dozen specimens 
were taken in tide pools at Misaki, Sagami, Japan. The species seems 
to reach only a very small size. 

The type here described is about 33 mm. in entire length, and is 
numbered 6528 on the register of the Leland Stanford Junior Uni- 
versity Museum. 

(Elymus, rye-grass, from the rough head: &Adjos, a quiver). 


ISO Jordan and Starks, new genus. 


Body elongate, strongly compressed, deepest at nape, anteriorly 
scaleless. Breast compressed to an edge. Belly with a thick, sharp, 
fleshy fold of skin, at least in the male. Vertebre about 48. Head 
short and blunt. Mouth small, oblique. Premaxillaries protractile 
but not movable. Pseudobranchie present. The gills, except the 
first, which is free from the second, are separated only by a short 
slit at the angle. Last gill with a slit behind it. Gill-rakers slender, 
about +++ 13 in number. Gill membranes separate and free from the 
isthmus. Scales entire. First dorsal well separated from the second. 


ae 


a. ae 


No. 1250. ATHERINE FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 205 


Second dorsal shorter than anal and similar to it. Caudal forked. 
Body with a wide black and silvery lateral band in strong contrast to 
body color. 

(so Iwashi, surf-sardine; the Japanese name.) 

ISO FLOS-MARIS Jordan and Starks, new species. 
ISO-IWASHI (SHORE SARDINE); NAMI-NO-HANA (FLOWER OF THE 
WAVE.) - 
Atherinide ? Genus ? Species IsHrkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 33, Boshu, Hash- 
igo, Nos. 568, 569. 

Head 52 in body without caudal fin; depth 5. Eye 3 in head; maxil- 
lary 3; pectoral 13; depth of head 1. Anal I, 23; dorsal IV—I, 16. 
Seales about 59; vertebre 18-+-25—43. 

Body strongly compressed and deepest at pectorals. Dorsal profile 
obtusely rounded at snout, thence rather slightly and evenly rounded 
to second dorsal and becoming straight at the long caudal peduncle. 
Ventral profile with a sharp regular curve from tip of lower jaw to 
ventrals, thence almost straight to caudal. Body as viewed from before 


Fig. 4.—ISO FLOS-MARIS. 


over twice as deep as wide; the back rounded; the greatest width in 
the upper third or fourth; thence tapering wedgelike to the sharp 
breast. The anterior part of sides of body and head flat below the 
temporal region. 

Mouth small and very oblique; its angle about 45 degrees. The 
maxillary scarcely reaches to the vertical from the anterior rim of the 
orbit while the angle of the lower jaw reaches very slightly past. 
Mandible triangular in shape, three-fourths as wide as long. When 
the mouth is closed the mandible closes tightly within the maxillaries 
and upper jaw leaving the latter slightly projecting. 

Teeth very small on jaws, vomer, and palatines, those on the jaws 
in a very narrow band. Snout a little shorter than the diameter of 
eye. Interorbital space a little wider than eye. 

Gillrakers slender, about two-thirds the diameter of the eye in 
length; their number about 4+13. The first and second gill arches 
entirely free from each other as usual, but the second and third, and 
the third and fourth are separated only by a short slit which is not 
longer than eye at about the angle; the fourth gill with only a tiny slit 
behind it. 

Head entirely scaleless. Scales with entire smooth edges; those on 
anterior part of body variable; on some specimens the side is naked 


206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. | 


anterior to a little behind the pectoral fin while the back and belly are 
naked anterior to the spinous dorsal and the vent; on others a few scales 
extend to a little in front of the ventrals, and nearly to the base of 
pectoral, while on the back they are present a short distance in front 
of the spinous dorsal. Between these two extremes are all gradations. 

Pectoral broad and short, with a bluntly curved posterior outline; 
its tip in some specimens reaches slightly more than halfway between 
its upper base and spinous dorsal; in others scarcely halfway. Origin 
of ventrals about under the last fifth of pectoral fin; their length equal 
to snout and half eye. Front of spinous dorsal a little nearer snout 
than base of caudal fin (by from diameter of pupil to diameter of 
eye), and much nearer anterior end of anal base than base of ventrals. 
Base of second dorsal shorter than that of anal by a distance equal to 
a little more than diameter of eye; it ends a little posterior to anal. 
Second dorsal rays anteriorly a little higher than those of anal, which 
are higher than dorsal spines. Distance between front of first dorsal 
and front of second dorsal a little greater than the base of the latter, 
which in turn equals the length of caudal peduncle. Upper lobe of 
caudal equals the head’s length. Belly with a thick sharp fleshy fold 
of skin. In two females with eggs this flap is absent. 

Color.—Body probably translucent in life, colorless in spirits, with a 
broad lateral blackish and silvery band running from base of pectoral to 
base of caudal; its width near pectoral about equal to length of ventrals, 
growing somewhat broader posteriorly and reaching its greatest width 
behind its middle, thence growing narrow on caudal peduncle and broad- 
ening at base of rays, wherea V-shaped area constricts itabove and below, 
thence continuing on base of caudal rays as a double spot. The band 
black, with more or less silver diffused over it, except at its upper edge. 
Lower jaw dusky; top of head and snout with black markings. A double 
row of dots from first dorsal to occiput, with sometimes other scatter- 
ing dots. Behind first dorsal is a broken band of dots, parting to run 
each side of second dorsal and continuing on caudal peduncle as a 
double row of dots or a diffused band. At shoulder is a dusky spot 
which is sometimes replaced by scattered dots. Opercles and cheeks 
more or less dusky. A dark spot at anterior anal base. Caudal finely 
marked with transverse zigzag dark bands. 

This pretty little fish is common in the surf breaking into tide pools 
about Sagami and Izu, where numerous specimens were taken, the 
largest about 23 inches in length. Our specimens are from Enoshima, 
Misaki, Hada, Yogashima, and Hashigo, the last presented by Dr. 
Ishikawa. It is known to fishermen as Iso-iwashi or surf sardine, and 
as Namino-hana or flower of the waves. 

The type, numbered 6527, in the Leland Stanford Junior University 
Museum catalogue. 

(Flos, flower; mars, of the sea.) 


THE CACOMITL CAT OF THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY. 


By Epear A. Mearns, M. D., 


Major and Surgeon, United States Army. 


= 


Professor Baird, on page 88 of his Mammals of North America, 
published in July, 1857, characterized the Cacomitl Cat under the name 
Felis yaguarundi, Desm., but in the synonymy of the species placed 
** Felis cacomitl, Berl. MSS.,” and said: ‘‘A skull (No. 1426) of this 
species, in the collection of Dr. Berlandier, collected at Matamoras, 
with a full description of the animal by him, establishes a more northern 
range for this species than has hitherto been accorded. In its southern 
range it reaches as far as Paraguay. A full description of the skin 
and skull of this species will be found in the zoological report of the 
United States and Mexican Boundary Survey,” where (p. 12) Baird 
quotes Berlandier’s manuscript description. The name /¢e/is caco- 
mitli,as spelled by Berlandier, will date from the special report upon 
the Mammals of the Mexican Boundary, published in 1859, it being a 
nomen nudum as printed by Baird in 1857. The animal in question 
proves to be distinct from Felis yaguarundi,' and is described below: 


FELIS CACOMITLI Berlandier. 
CACOMITL CAT. 


1857. Felis cacomit] Barrp, Mammals of North America, p. 88, synonymy (nomen 
nudum). 

1859. Felis cacomitli BERLANDIER, in Baird, Report United States and Mexican Bound- 
ary Survey, II, Mammals, p. 12 (original description ). 

1883. Felis calomitti Exuior, Monograph of the Felide, p. 97, synonymy. 


Characters.—Proportions as in other members of the Felis yagua- 
rundi group. Larger than Azara’s ‘‘ yagiiarundi” (= Felis yaguarundi 


1T have used the spelling of Azara, being uncertain as to the original reference. 
Trouessart’s first reference is to Fischer’s Zoognosia, but the name is not used in that 
work. Fitzinger’s first binomial reference is ‘‘ Felis yagouarondi. Geoffr. Catal. du 
Mus.”’ [1803]. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIV—No. 1251. 
207 


208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. “VOL. XXIV. 


of authors); color lighter and grayer. Skull strongly constricted 
postorbitally, flattened superiorly. Mamme, 3 pairs. 

Color in summer (based on specimen No. 0. BASES, U.S.N.M. _ Biological 
Survey collection; adult female, taken at Brownsville, Texas: June 14, 
1892).—Seen at a distance, the animal appears of a nearly uniform 
smoke-gray color, without strong contrasts. On close inspection the 
under surfaces of body and tail are seen to be considerably paler 
than the upper, and certain light and dark areas are apparent. Upper- 
parts, including upper side of tail and outer surface of limbs, uni- 
form pepper-and-salt gray; underfur and concealed bases of the 
coarse overhair whitish gray; overhair 10 to 20 mm. in length, 
pointed with black and ringed with white, buff, and black. Under- 
parts paler, many of the hairs, especially of axille and hollows of 
thighs, being tipped with whitish. Under surfaces of fore and hind 
feet strongly tinged with bistre. Under side of tail whitish smoke- 
gray, the overhairs narrowly ringed with black. Head with areas of 
light buffy gray bordering the blackish eyering, on chin and throat, 
and within and behind ear; a short, narrow line of blackish midway 
between eyes, and another between ears, and faintly bréwnish black 
edges to the ears; muzzle tinged with wood brown. Whiskers mostly 
white, shading apically to hair brown; stiff hairs above orbits, 10 to 
15 mm. in length and uniform hair brown. Claws light horn color. 

Color in winter (based on specimen No. 23877, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey collection; adult female, taken at ee Cameron 
County, Texas, February 23, 1892).—Darker, pelage longer, with a 
greater amount of black in vertebral area than laterally; under side of 
feet bistre, upper side more mixed with brownish black; otherwise 
similar to the summer pelage above described. 

Skull and teeth.—Skull compressed in front of orbits and flattened 
above; braincase narrow and strongly constricted postorbitally; nasal 
processes of frontals ending well in front of the plane of malar bone; 
nasal bones elongated laterally and strongly depressed; zygomata- 
relatively broad posteriorly; audital bulle large and high, antero- 
laterally compressed; posterior narial fossa wide. ‘The canines, upper 
carnassials, and middle superior premolars are about the size of the 
same teeth in specimen No. 10018, U.S.N.M., assumed to represent 
the Felis yaguarondi tolteca of Thomas; but the upper lateral incisor, 
first premolar, and true molar are larger teeth. A supernumerary 
first upper premolar is present, on the right side only, in female No. 
35953, U.S.N.M., from Texas (see measurements). 

Remarks.—My. Oldfield Thomas’ separates a subspecies tolteca 
from the true Felis yaguarundi of Paraguay. I have identitied with 


Wace ane Meeeeine of Natio Tigee 7th ser., I, p. 41, January, 1898. 


No. 1251. THE RIO GRANDE CACOMITL CAT—MEARNS. 209 


Thomas’s /el/s yaguarond? tolteca, the type of which came from Tete- 
males, State of Sinaloa, Mexico, specimen No, 10018, U.S.N.M., from 
Tehuantepec, Mexico. Although the skull of this specimen is longer 
by 11 mm. than the type, it agrees with it so closely in proportions 
that it must be regarded as probably conspecific. Besides the dif- 
ference in the size of the upper true molar and first premolar, which 
are much smaller, the skull is higher and more convex, zygomata 
more massive, and audital bullze lower and more inflated anteriorly 
than in Felis cacomitli. The skull is also remarkable for the great 
postorbital breadth of the braincase and for the brevity of the nasal 
processes of the frontal bones, which end on a line vertically over the 
anterior extremities of the jugals. Felis cacomitli requires no color 
comparison with Félzs yaguarond: tolteca. Myr. Thomas regarded the 
latter as probably the same as Baird’s ‘* Helis cacomitl, Berl. MSS.,” 


‘in the synonymy of / yaguarundi, but did not consider the name 


tenable. 

External measurements.—Average of two adult females (described 
above): Length, 1060 mm.; tail vertebrae, 480; length of hind foot, 
140; height of ear above crown, 40. 

Cranial measurements. —I have used the same cranial measurements 
as Thomas, for convenience of comparison with Felis yaguarondi 
tolteca, those of his type following in parenthesis those of specimen 
No. 35645, U.S.N.M., an adult male of Felzs cacomitli from Texas: 
Basilar length of Hensel, 95 (82); zygomatic breadth, 70 (64); least 
interorbital breadth, 20 (18); intertemporal breadth, 30 (33.5); breadth 
of braincase above auditory meatus, 46 (43); palate, length from hen- 
selion to posterior edge, excluding median notch, 40.7 (36); breadth 
between outer corners of carnassials, 39 (38.7); breadth of posterior 
narial fossa, 13.3 (14); front of canine to back of carnassial, 31 (28.7); 
length of upper carnassial, 13 (11.3); length of lower carnassial, 9 (9). 

Average and extremes of four adult females from Texas and Mata- 
moras, Mexico: Basilar length of Hensel, 87.4 (85.5-89); zygomatic 
breadth, 64.5 eu least interorbital breadth, 18 (17-19); intertem- 
poral breadth, 29.5 (28.5-30); breadth of braincase above auditory 
meatus, 44 (43-45); palate, length from henselion to posterior edge, 
excluding median notch, 36.4 (36-37); breadth between outer corners 
of carnassials, 38 (37-38.5); breadth of posterior narial fossa, 12.9 
(12.7-13); front of canine to back of carnassial, 29.5 (28.5-30); length 
of upper carnassial, 12.5 (12.3-12 Boh length of lower carnassial, 8.9 
(8.8—9). ; 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——14 


210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Detailed cranial measurements of Felis yaguarondi tolteca and F. cacomitli. 


Felis yaguarondi 


Name. folizcaulioriasl Felis cacomitli Berlandier. 
ae las |. | s¢ | ge | ge Bae 
SS |Bo | 3% | 2k | Sk | Se [SS4 
a = a od Fe 6 a ool =u = a = oH 2 So 
Bt Se | eal eo |) ea ean eme 
Sex, number, and locality. 2= 9 | 4 B | 4a a i Am ev 2 
ESS) Weeseten ls ae o@ v2 ag jesse 
o> Se | awa ae a8 |ygsa 
-=q aa, oF as ae aE aes 
Oo OOS ere NEE oil: ea ee eres neers 
‘Sad | SH4 ra} ofa of om |RSAaS 
= = = Fy ia ey ics 
Basilar length of Hensel ........ --.--+----- 82 93 95 nS) 87 85.5 
GY ZLOM BU CHOLERA GE Me ascii ees le = aeieleiniere ais 64 70 70 64 66 64 64 
Least interorbital breadth......-...-.....--. 18 22 20 18 19 17 18 
Imbertenuporail breaa@thi--- esse ccc wie ent 33.5 30 30 29.5 30 28.5 30 
Breadth of brainecase above auditory 

ATV C AUIS eee ents m ale = = ain ei ele)sis)a/aa tetaia eee ett 43 47 46 45 44 43 44 
Palate, length from henselion to posterior 

edge, excluding median notch.........--- 36 38 40.7 36. 7 37 36 36 
Breadth between outer corners of carnas- 

SS preaeeemeese oO ciom ae ciesicine seri eieeoreisient 38. 7 40.3 39 38 38.5 37.5 37 
Breath of posterior narial fossa .........---- 14 14.3 13.3 13 aE 13 13 
Front of canine to back of carnassial .....-- 28.7 30 31 28.5 29.5 30 30 
Length of upper carnassial............------ 11.3 12.3 13 12.5 12.8 12.5 12.3 
Length of lower-carnassial..............---- 9 9 9 8.8 9 9 8.9 

| 


A NEW SPECIES OF BULLFROG FROM FLORIDA AND 
THE GULF COAST. 


By LronnarD STEJNEGER, 


Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians. 


A few years ago Mr. Robert Ridgway, returning from a collecting 
trip in southern Florida, assured me that the bullfrog there had such 
a peculiar voice that he could scarcely believe it to be the same 
species as the one found elsewhere in the United States. Moreover, 
it was so excessively shy and wary that he had failed to secure any 
specimens. Requests were sent to various correspondents to catch 
and forward specimens, but they were equally unsuccessful. 

During the summer of 1900 Mr. Gerrit 8. Miller, jr., obtained a 
series of live bullfrogs from New Hampshire and another from Bay 
St. Louis, Mississippi, all of which he kindly donated to the Museum. 
It was at once apparent that there was a great difference between the 
two lots, the northern ones being much greener and lighter, the 
southern specimens being brown and dark, with very little green. 
The large series of alcoholic bullfrogs in the collection of the U.S. 
National Museum failed to throw any light upon this question. The 
difference of the proportions of the toes was also noted, but as speci- 
mens from New Orleans did not correspond in this respect the impor- 
tance of that character was not realized at the time, and the question 
of the specific or subspecific distinction of the Bay St. Louis speci- 
mens was left in abeyance pending the accumulation of additional 
material. 

This additional material was obtained recently when Dr. E. A. 
Mearns, U. S. A., sent a lot of bullfrogs from Kissimmee, Florida, 
with the statement that their voice was entirely different from that of 
the northern bullfrogs, resembling the grunt of a herd of pigs. He 
also reported that they were very difficult to catch. 

Here was clearly the Florida bullfrog mentioned by Mr. Ridgway, 
and a direct comparison with the Bay St. Louis specimens proved the 
identity of the Florida and Mississippi form. The whole series of 
the museum was then carefully reviewed, with the result of finding two 
additional specimens of the new species from Pensacola. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1252. 
; 211 


~ 


212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 
5 ' 


RANA GRYLIO, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Similar to Pana catesberana, but with the fourth toe 
much shorter in proportion, the third toe, measured from the inner 
metatarsal tubercle, being more than three and one-half times the 
difference between the third and fourth toes. 

Type.—Cat. No. 27448, U.S.N.M.; Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. 

Habitat.—Florida and Gulf coast west to Mississippi. 

Remarks.—The most obvious difference hetween this species and 
the ordinary bullfrog (ana catesbevana) is the great length of the toes, 
except the fourth, the latter consequently projecting much less beyond 
the others than in 2. catesbetana, in which the third toe, measured 
from the inner metatarsal tubercle, is considerably less than three and 
one-half times the difference between it and the fourth toe. In fact, 
this difference is seldom more than one-fourth in the new species and 
seldom less than one-third in ?. cateshecana. 

In order to ascertain exactly the proportions of the first four toes 
in both species large series of both species were measured, viz: 12 of 
RF. grylio and 50 of PF. catesbeiana, the measurements, as well as their 
equivalents expressed in percentages of the fourth toe, being given at 
the end of this article. In order to get as stable a starting point as 
possible for these measurements the anterior edge of the inner meta- 
‘tarsal tubercle was chosen and the length of the toe in this case conse- 
quently means the distance from this point to the tip of the toe in 
question. 

The proportions obtained in this way may be expressed as follows: 


| Rana grylio. Rana catesbeiana. 


Per cent of fourth toe. | Per cent of fourth toe. 


(hind toe: s2=-eceeeer 80 to 84 70 to 76 
Seconditoe eee. -as-2 DO OL 47. 51 


Hirsh tOCssse° setccents 34 39 | 27 33 


There is consequently no overlapping or intergrading. The fourth 
toe has the same relative length in both species, but in the new one 
the other toes have become considerably lengthened, thus giving a 
much larger surface of web than in the ordinary bullfrog. 

From the above it will be seen that a specimen of Rana grylio, in 
which the distance from the tip of the fourth toe to the anterior edge 
of the inner metatarsal tubercle measures 50 mm., should normally 
have ; 

The first toe, similarly measured, 18.5 mm. (varying between 17 
mm. and 19.5 mm.). - 

The second toe, similarly measured, 29 mm. (varying between 27.5 
mm. and 30.5 mim.). 


No. 1252. A NEW BULLFROG—STEJNEGER. 213 


The third toe, similarly measured, 41 mm. (varying between 40 
mm. and 42 mm.). 

Conversely, a ana catesbetana of exactly the same size (fourth toe 
50 mm.), should normally have— 

The first toe, similarly measured, 15 mm. (varying between 13.5 
mm. and 16.5 mm.). 

The second toe, similarly measured, 24.5 mm. (varying between 23.5 
mm. and 25.5 mm.). 

The third toe, similarly measured, 36.5 mm. (varying between 35 
mm. and 38 mm.). 

These average proportions are shown diagrammatically in the accom- 
panying figure, in which the dotted outline represents an average 72. 
grylio and the solid lines an average Rana catesbeiana. 

These differences in the relative length of the toes, being capable of 
the most concise definition, have been utilized 
primarily for the characterization of the new 
species, but there are numerous other fea- 
tures which prove it to be very distinct from 
R. catesheiana. Thus for instance, the snout 
is much shorter and less high, so that the 
nostrils appear to be nearer the tip of the 
mouth; the head is also narrower behind; the 
vomerine teeth are very close together, with 
hardly any space between the two patches; 
the tongue is much broader and thinner, with 
remarkably long and thin ‘‘ horns,” which are 
very far apart; the color is apparently much 
darker brown, though there may be 4. cutes- 
beiana nearly as dark. Add to this the differ-  Dracrammaric ovrimns oF 
ence in voice and we have clearly one of the most) Ng. anytio, pean 
distinct species of frog in the United States. 1s sour tives anv THe Lat. 

The general habitus of R. gryl’o is that of —§ ™* POT? 

R. catesbeiana, including the large tympanum and the absence of a 
dorso-lateral glandular fold. It is also a large frog, though whether it 
reaches the extreme size of P. catesheiana may be doubted. 

The range of the new species is as yet known but fragmentarily, as 
we have specimens only from southern Florida, Pensacola, Florida, 
and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. The habitat of R. grylio is thus 
partly occupied by 2. catesbecana, which certainly occurs in northern 
Florida and on the Gulf coast reaches New Orleans. The overlapping 
of the two forms affords additional evidence of their specific distinct- 
ness, if such were needed. It may be mentioned in this connection 
that the most southern specimens of 7. catesheiana do not show the 
slightest tendency of a variation toward 722. gry/io, as is clearly proven 
by the measurements in the appended tables. 


ae: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements of Rana grylio. 


Distance of tip of toes from inner metatarsal |E4 
tubercle. ei 
A ee 
Tmbraaienecenes In pereentages of fourth 2 g 
U.S.N.M. pe 5 Lees see 2 £8 
Noe Locality. 3 ie 3 3 24 
: iS) ) | io *\ ° a ie} = lel 
Bo Be |B Sela les ol eeeale lene 
2 se) - ia S Lo) Foal Bios) 3) 
> e US; Bs a5 is| Le} fey iste 
Z iS cap Mlle 2) % iS A) S lee? 
ne 3 a 1S Be 5 | 6 28a 
ey ee vest lee) essai ls! is |e 
} | 
27443 | Bay St. Louis, Mississippi--..---- 21 33 46.5 | 57.5 36 57 80 | 100] 11 
EMV RE COIS CRs 3 i sas ae eer 16 | 23.5 | 34 | 42.5 38 55 80 | 100 8.5 
W445) 2.2 GOR nest Meret ese cose seen 19 30 49.5 | 53 36 56 80 | 100 | 10.5 
27446 |....- GOS Sa 526-82 oo ge ere 17 29 42 50 34 58 84 | 100 8 
appt | eae GOS. Sate hee a eee 18 28.5 | 40.5 | 49 | 237 58 83 | 100 8.5 
3688 (a) | Pensacola, Florida......-......- 19 30.5 | 40 50 38 61 80 | 100] 10 
3688; (ib) |= 2-2 - GOS eRe an ceeeaoeseees I PAE 37.5 | 46 37 58 81! 100 8.5 
29007 | Kissimmee, Florida.-.....--...--. Dg. Weekes), || eke! 45 38 59 St 100 7 
29008 |...-- Oss seeks merce see eens 20.5 | 32 45 2 Spsonl = a37 58 Sl | 100)" 1055 
I9009N||as.<-\2 G02 e283 ase en ee eee 9 | 14.5 | 20.5 | 25.5 39 57 80 | 100 5 
ZOOL! |e see (cere ae eet Je cree eee 20 32 43.5 | 53.5 37 59 81 | 100} 10 
DOOM nO eae sock ne oe ee eee 12 1G ee Seas Vaale 7) yee) (Np eeseise TOO Sse ee 
JAverazelor 2; SpeGintvens eas ssa | sesame etsess| oeeiee 37 58 | 81.3 | 100) | s2=2= 
Measurements of Rana catesbeiana. 
Distance of tip OE fobs from inner metatarsal {Ps 
tubercle. ‘os 
Teenie eres in pereentages of fourth 2% 
1.8 - £8 
U eae: Locality. 7), otal cae (ie 
oO. a Psy ro) a ve) 
. . o 
- (e) o [e) A ° ov 2 Ole 
o - (a) ~ rb) ~ ro) =) S 2 wn 
Se BY) Veh lh A TE peri A ela 
#j/| 8 |B 1h |] eS) Bo) Sees 
5 Sealayet Seal pst SUA 6 (88a 
fe L a es 2) & & IA 
| 
9475 | St. Johns River, Florida......... | 15 26) 47389 53.) 28 | 49 73 100 | 14.5 
3539 | Prairie Mer Rouge, Louisiana.-.-| 22.5 | 34.5 | 52.5 | 71 31 | 48 73 100} 18.5 
9469 | New Orleans, Louisiana.........| 21.5 | 35 | 52.5 | 70 30 | 50 | 74 100 | 17.5 
12018) Seens GO see ie hoe eee ae 5 9 13 18 28 | 50 72 100 5 
3687 | Mobile, Alabama..-......-.----- 21.5 | 34.5°| 52 72 30 | 48 72 100 | 20 
9389 | Liberty County, Georgia ......-- 9 15 22.5 | 380.5 29 | 49 73 100 8 
BOL) ICEHOrOy GeOLPIaa.-5- = sees 1¢.5 | 18 26.5 | 36.5 29 | 49 72 100 | 10 
3508 | Charleston, South Carolina ..--. Loe bo 24. balsam |) D085 31 | 49 74 100 | 13 
10878 | Oakley, South Carolina -......-. 23.5 | 38 57.5 | 78.5 30 | 48 70 100 | 21 
LOST9G| Baers (0 (oe eee ert ee Sac 19.5 | 32.5 | 49 66.5 29 | 49 73 100 17.5 
15984 | Goldsboro, North Carolina. ----- 11.5 | 19 29 | 39.5 30 | 49 75 100) 10.5 
15986 | Raleigh, North Carolina ......-. 13 22 S300 46 28 | 48 72 100} 13 
3691 | Tarboro, North Carolina -.....-.| 16.5 | 28.5 | 42 57 29 | 50 =| 73 100 | 15 
14441 (a) | Wytheville, Virginia ............ TSS) || awl 45 61.5 B10) eae 100 | 16.5 
14441 (b) |....- LOD eee ene peer ees | 20 31.5 | 46 63 32 | 50 73 100 | 17 
10346 ; Arlington, Virginia ....-.....--- | 20 32 48 6455)) Bie 50) 74: 100 | 16.5 
10099 | Southampton County, Virginia. 20 33.9 | 49.5 | 67 | 801] 50 | 74 100 | 17.5 
15277 | District of Columbia ............ | TSS OR 29 AP ale a2enpaiem \MLO 100 12 
ADAM eee DO ete tse oe eae eee \e5 8.5 | 12 17 29/50 | 70 100 5 
SOO) eee COM ee 2). Peso eee Taou e205 37 50.5 29 | 49 73) 100 | Stsas 
26321) laurel, Maryland). s-.2...24.sccc 13. ||) 2200) | 105.) | 46 29; 49 73 | 100) 12% 
263200 \eeeee Clo er ae Ce eas eter | 16.5 | 28.5 | 42 58 28 | 49 12, Soe OO) eee 
30382 | Carlisle, Pennsylvania.....--... 19.5 | 382 46 65 30 | 49 | 70 100 | 19 
35381 (a) | Foxburg, Pennsylvania ......-.- Sie sales 32 44 | 29) 50 13° oie LOOM eels 
35381 (b) |.-.-- (Clo ae. | Sees e ae ee eRe eee 1725) | 28° 4)4005: 156 31 | 50 72 | W005) dorm 
3513 | Lancaster County, Pennsylya- | | | 
TU ieee re ie Eee, eet eae nee | 18 . | 28.5 | 48.5) 58.5 31 | 48 74 100} 15 
4835 Brookville, Pennsylvania ....-- | 15.5 | 24 3606«| 48.5 | 32 | 49 74 100 | 12.5 
3534 (a) | Saranac Lake, New York.......- 10 V7.5) 26 1386.59) 27.43 71 100 | 10.5 
380384 (D) }..--2 COE SS2e cee koe eek cele | 13.5 | 238 | 34 46 29 | 50 74 100 12 
Sosa(O)alecses GN). 5 eee Re Seine eye a7 | 2be bales Smcol 33 50 76 100} 12 
3533 (a) | Westport, New York.......-....- | 14.5 | 24 35 48 S050 e738 100 | 13 
BERBMUS)) leesac COMERS aoe selection es sackee | 18 29550 P44e 5) 5940) |e oOr 40a enD) 100} 15 
3507 (a) | Elizabethtown, New York...... 10.5 | 18 26.5 | 36.5 29 | 49 72 100 | 10 
300 7i(D) Ne ae—- GORSSEae fea josececisas Sones (Asse 21 32 42.5 30 | 49 75 100 | 10.5 
3507 (c) |..... ClO esa aepnoEoseeebosacanaerl| 13.5 | 21 32 43.51 81 | 48 73 100! 11.5 


No, 1252. A NEW BULLFROG—STEJNEGER. 


215 


Measurements of Rana catesbeiana—Continued. 


Distance of tip of toes from inner metatarsal 
tubercle. 


In millimeters. 


In percentages of fourth 


First toe. 
Second toe. 

| Third toe. 
Hourth, toa: 


T 
ee Locality. 

3507(d) Elizabethtown, New York...... 

8507 (e) |..-.- (OOS Oe ra a ap or as ea 

SOOM AG): | cose LO Sie saet et oe Fa nape totes 
27435 | Intervale, New Hampshire....- 
DAB ans CO eee ee ae cece aac 
PASO |e. ms (6 (0 Ne ere a ere 
ABO Neneh (0 V0 ee Pas ae Lire eae 
27440 |--.-- (V0 oe ee ke ee See Col 
ELIT SEAS nl 
QiAAD |2. >=: Osos. See ne ga ee tea reas 
DOH ENO GMS NEUT Yc ta a= aee aaa Pear arm ale 
Bhotalenco. ROCK. ATKANSAS= 2.2. - sas. 


3321 (a) | Fort Smith, Arkansas. 
os Pil ay) eae LOS ae ee ees seen cee 


SOOO MES te LOUIS: MUSSOURL: sos. ccmics. nes = 


or 
oon 


MAN 


oor 


orn 


Average of 50 specimens...|...... | Ee Geiss |Sacise silcinncee 


Le jeal) 

aS 

eee 

Sa 

o8 

toe. % 

ES 

3 Be on eas 
oo) ee) 3 | See 
S; = a - em O 
~ ~ Coed CHD 
ve = KS Pe laos 
eB S| | =] Pe 
& 5 re © aad 

me | mo is} Be A 

30 | 49 74 100 «10 
31 | 50 74 100 «10.5 
30° 49 74 100 9.5 
32 | 49 74 100. 15.5 
Bil |e wliye 100. 16.5 
29.) 50 73 100} 15.5 
31 | 49 | 76 100 | 13.5 
29 | 50 73 100 | 16.5 

31 | 50 75 100 | 15 
31/50 | 74 100 | 9.5 

30149 | 76 100 10 

31/50 | 75 100 19 
32 | 50 76 100} 5.5 

31 49 73 100| 6 

3150 | 75 100) 10 
30 he DAR TBPOM TG Ss asec 


= rf 
bat ae} 


‘ “ ot i 
ia Te. . rSceplase y ae ; 
gd. Nt a ace oe aes oe “ ; 4 ; ; mn ' : 
we ae Ras 4 ‘eld fix = F , € 
fDi Ast ‘etait ; <i ‘hic ey ; ‘ : 


i 


ites 


_ a a 7 ' Sw? Ses PY pee ee” a ati . 


SOME SPIDERS AND OTHER ARACHNIDA FROM PORTO 
RICO. 


By Naruan Banks, 


Custodian of Arachnida. 


This paper is based principally on material collected in Porto Rico 
by Mr. August Busck, who visited that island in the early part of 1899. 
Since then some specimens have been received from several collectors 
whose names will be found in connection with the species they col- 
lected. All uncreditec records are those of Mr. Busck. 

This list shows a total of forty-nine spiders and five other arachnids. 
Although there are less than fifty spiders they are disposed in fifteen 
families. The Epeiride stands first with sixteen species; no other 
family having more than four species, and four families are repre- 
sented by but one species each. There are but few small forms in the 
collection, although these are doubtless fairly common on the island. 
Two spiders and the phalangids are described as new, a few other 
species are probably new, but more material is necessary for determi- 
nation. 

Most of the species are quite widely distributed in the West Indies 
and the northern border of South America. A few species are known 
only from Porto Rico, but with larger collections from the other islands 
these forms will be found to occur elsewhere. Twenty of the spiders 
are known to occur in the United States, mostly in the extreme south- 
ern portions. This collection would indicate that the Porto Rican 
fauna is more intimately related to that of northern South America 
than to the fauna of the United States. 

The material forms part of the collection of Arachnida of the United 
States National Museum, 


Order ARANEIDA. 
Family THERAPHOSID. 
AVICULARIA L/ETA Koch. 


Mygale leta Kocn, Die Arach., IX, 1842, p. 66. 
Two specimens; oae from Culebra Island, February 11, the other 
from Utado, January 27. Koch’s figure is not good, but the scopulas, 
when dry, are plainly greenish; venter is black. A true Avicularia. 
It was described by Koch from Porto Rico. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIV—No. 1253. 


218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


SCHIZOPELMA ERICHSONII Koch. 


Mygale erichsonii Kocu, Die Arach., TX, 1842, p. 28. 

Various specimens; Lares, January 25; Anasas, January 20; Culebra 
Island, February 8; San Juan, January 1-10; also Hacienda Espa- 
ranza, June 6, from EK. A. Wagener, and Isolina, April. Koch’s figure, 
as usual, is too highly colored, but the specimens agree well with his 
description; the legs are lineate as he figures them. The type was 
from Santo Domingo. 


ISCHNOCOLUS Species. 


One female and several young from El Yunque, 2,800 feet, February 
(Richmond). It has black mandibles; all scopulas are divided, the 
hind ones broadly; tibize and metatarsi III and LV, with spines in rows 
beneath; sternum flat, nearly circular; anterior eye-row straight. 


Family FILISTATID ®. 
FILISTATA CAPITATA Hentz. 


Filistata capitata Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1842, p. 228. 
Teratodes depressus Kocu, Die Arach., IX, 1842, p. 103. 
Filistata cubecola Lucas, Sagra’s Hist. d. Cuba, Ar., 1853, p. 74. 


One specimen from San Juan, January 1-10. 


Family SCYTODID. 
SCYTODES LONGIPES Lucas. 


Scytodes longipes Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1845, p. 71. 
Scytodes marmorata TaczANowsk1, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross, 1873, p. 107. 
Scytodes taczanowskii THORELL, Ragni. Mal., IV, 1890, p. 301. 


Two specimens; one from Lares, January 25, the other from 
Luquillo, March 4 (Richmond). 
SCYTODES FUSCA Walckenaer. 
Scytodes fusca W ALCKENAER, Apteéres, I, 1837, p. 272. 
Scytodes guyanensis TAaczANowsk1I, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross, 1873, p. 108. 
Several specimens from a cave near Pueblo Viejo, February 17 
(Stejneger and Richmond). 


Family CLUBIONIDA. 


AYSHA TENUIS Koch. 


Anyphena tenuis Kocn, Arach. Fam. Drass., 1867, p. 211. 
Several specimens from Culebra Island, February, and San Juan, 
January 1-10. Described from Santo Domingo, but now known to 
occur on several of the West India islands. : 


NO. 1253. SOME ARACHNIDA FROM PORTO RICO—BANKS. 219 


CHIRACANTHIUM INCLUSUM Hentz. 


Clubiona inclusa Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, 1847, p. 451. 
Chiracanthium viride Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., VIII, 1890, p. 20. 


One pair from Aguadilla, January. Widely distributed throughout 
temperate and subtropical America. 


HYPSINOTUS HUMILIS Keyserling. 


Hypsinotus humilis Knyseruinc, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1884, p. 446. 


One specimen from Luquillo, March 4+ (Richmond). Another from 
Hacienda Esparanza, June 6 (Wagener). Described from St. Kitts. 


Family ULOBORID 4. 


ULOBORUS GENICULATUS Olivier. 


Araneus geniculatus OLrviEr, Eneyl. Meth., II, 1789, p. 214. 
Uloborus zosis WALCKENAER, Aptéres, II, 1842, p. 231. 


One specimen from Lares, January 25. A well-known cosmotropi- 
cal spider. 
Family PHOLCID. 
ARTEMA ATLANTA Walckenaer. 
Artema atlanta WALCKENAER, Aptéres, I, 1837, p. 656. 
Pholcus convexus BLACKWELL, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), III, 1858, p. 332. 


Two specimens from Utado, January. Distributed throughout the 
tropical regions of America. 


Family THERIDIID. 


LATHRODECTES MACTANS Fabricius. 


— 


Aranea mactans Fasrictus, Entom. Syst., I, 1775, p. 410. 
Theridium formidabilis W ALCKENAER, Apteéres, I, 1837, p. 647. 
Lathrodectus dotatus Kocw, Die Arach., VIII, 1841, p. 115. 
Theridium verecundum Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., VI, 1850, p. 280. 
Several specimens from Mayaguez, January. Common in the trop- 
ical and subtropical parts of America. 


THERIDIUM VOLATILE Keyserling. (?) 


Theridium volatile KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer., Therid., I, 1884, p. 60. 


One immature specimen from Culebra Island, February, apparently 
belonging to this species. It was described from Venezuela, but also 
occurs in Florida. 


220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Family TETRAGNATHID 4. 
TETRAGNATHA LABORIOSA Hentz. 


Tetragnatha laboriosa HENtrz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., VI, 1850, p. 27. 


One male from Utado, January, is rather smaller than usual, but 
does not appear to differ from Florida specimens. 


TETRAGNATHA ANTILLIANA Simon. 


Tetragnatha antilliana Simon, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897, p. 868. 

One female from Lares, January 25. Readily known by the large 
tooth on apex of mandible below. It appears to be very close to 7: 
protensa Keyserling, from Mauritius. It was described from St. 
Vincent. 

TETRAGNATHA VICINA Simon. 


Tetragnatha vicina Simon, Proce. Zool. Soe. London, 1897, p. 869. 
One pair from San Juan, January 1-10. The female is much like 
that of Z! antilliana, but the lower apical tooth is much smaller. 
Described from St. Vincent. 


EUGNATHA GRACILIS Cambridge. 


Eugnatha gracilis CAMBRIDGE, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Arach.-Aran., I, 1889, p. 11. 


One male ana two young from Bayamon, January. The tibial joint 
of the male palpus is longer than in 2. pallida. 


Family EPEIRID 2. 
ARGYROEPEIRA ARGYRA Walckenaer. 
Tetragnatha argyra WALCKENAER, Aptéres, IT, 1842, p. 219. 
Tinyphia ornata Taczanowskt, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., 1873, p. 11. 
Many specimens: Lares, January 25; Aguadilla, January; Vieques 


Island, February 11; Arroyo, February; and small specimens from 
El Yungue, March (Richmond). Common in tropical America. 


ARGYROEPEIRA BIGIBBOSA Keyserling. 


Meta bigibbosa Kryser.ina, Sitzungsber. d. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 144. 
Several from Aguadilla, January, and El Yungue, March, 2,800 
feet (Richmond). Known from northern South America. 


ALCIMOSPHENUS LICINUS Simon. 


Alcimosphenus licinus Stwon, Hist. Nat. Ar., 2d ed., I, 1896, p. 931. 

Two specimens from Adjuntas, April 13 (Richmond). It is strange 
that such a handsome species was not previously described. It occurs 
throughout the West Indian region. The markings vary in extent, 
and sometimes some are wanting. 


NO. 1253. SOME ARACHNIDA FROM PORTO RICO—BANKS. 2m 


ARGIOPE ARGENTATA Fabricius. 


Araneu argentata Fasrictus, Entom. Syst., 11, 1775, p. 414. 
Argiopes fenestrinus Kocu, Die Arach., V, 1839, p. 155. 
Several specimens: Culebra Island, February; Aguadilla, January; 
San Juan, January 1-10, and Utado, April 7 (Richmond). A large and 
well-known cosmotropical spider. 


ARGIOPE FASTUOSA Olivier. 


Araneus fastuosus OuiviER, Encycl. Meth., I, 1789, p. 202. 
Epeira fasciata Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, 1847, p. 468. 
Argiope transversa EMErtON, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, 1884, p. 330. 
Two females from San Juan, January 1-10. Common in the United 
States and Mexico. 


NEPHILA WILDERI McCook. 


Nephila wilderi McCoox, Amer. Spid., IIT, 1893, p. 251. 
Nephila plumipes Kocu, Die Arach., VI, 1839, p. 188 (not of Latreille). 


Two specimens from Aguadilla, January. 
EPEIRA LABYRINTHEA Hentz. 


Epeira labyrinthea Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, 1847, p. 471. 
Epeira rectangula Nicouer, Gay’s Hist. d. Chile, Zool., III, 1849, p. 500. 
Several specimens: Culebra Island, February; Aguadilla, January, 
and Viegues Island, March 27 (Richmond). 


EPEIRA THEISII Walckenaer. 


Epeira theisii WALCKENAER, Aptéres, II, 1842, p. 53. 
Epeira mangareva WALCKENAER, Aptéres, LV, 1847, p. 469. 

Many specimens: Culebra Island, January; Aguadilla, January; 
Bayamon, January; Mayaguez, January, and El Yungue, February 
19. This is smaller and more slender than /. oaxvensis Keyserling, 
and I think different, although small specimens of the latter look much 
like large specimens of the former. Widely distributed throughout 
the Tropics. 

EPEIRA BALAUSTINA McCook. 
Ypeira balaustina McCook, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1880, p. 198. 
Epeira purpurascens CAMBRIDGE, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Arach.-Aran., I, 1889, p. 33. 

One female from San Juan, January 1-10. Known from Florida 
and Mexico. 

EPEIRA FUSCO-VITTATA Keyserling. 
Epeira fusco-vittata KEYSERLING, Sitzungsber. d. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 129. 
Cyclosa thorelli McCook, Amer. Spid., III, 1893, p. 228. 


A male from San Juan, January 1-10; a female from Utado, Janu- 
ary. Distributed throughout the West Indian region. 


bo 
bo 


bo 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


EPEIRA GRANADENSIS Keyserling. 
Epeira granadensis KeysErLinG, Sitzungsber. d. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 86. 
Several specimens from Luquillo, March 4 (Richmond). ‘This species 
is close to /. trivittata. Described from Colombia. 
EUSTALA PROMPTA Hentz. 
Epeira prompta Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, 1847, p. 472. 
Epeira parvula Keyser.inG, Sitzungsber. d. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 131. 
One from El Yunque, 2,800 feet, February (Richmond). —Distrib- 


uted throughout the United States, Mexico, and West Indies. 


EUSTALA CONCHLEA McCcok. 


Epeira conchlea McCook, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1888, p. 199. 
Epeira clavispina CAMBRIDGE, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Arach. Aran., I, 1889, p. 37. 
One specimen from Utado, January. Probably only a variety of 
the preceding, and found in the southern United States and Mexico. 


GASTERACANTHA HILARIS Thorell. 
Gasteracantha hilaris THorE.t, Ofvers. k. Vet-Akad. Forh., 1859, p. 302. 
Gasteracantha canestrinti CAMBRIDGE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 282. 
Several specimens from Aquadilla, January; and from Adjuntas, 
April (Richmond). Thorell’s type came from the island of St. Bar- 
tholomew; Cambridge’s was from Antigua. [also have it from Haiti. 


GASTERACANTHA SEXSERRATA Walckenaer. 
Plectana sexserrata WALCKENAER, Apteres, II, 1842,! p. 157. 
Several specimens from Bayamon, January. Known from northern 
South America. 
GASTERACANTHA TETRACANTHA Linnezus. 


Aranea tetracantha LINN xus, Syst. Nat. II, 1740, p. 1037. 
Plectana linnei WALCKENAER, Aptéres, II, 1842, p. 163. 
Gasteracantha quadridens Kocn, Die Arach. XI, 1845, p. 59. 
One specimen from Culebra Island, February. Known from the 
West Indian region. 


Family THOMISID i. 
MISUMENA ASPERATUS Hentz. 


Thomisus asperatus Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, 1847, p. 447. 
Misumena rosea Kryseruinc, Die Spinn. Amer., Laterigr., 1880, p. 82. 
Misumena foliata Banxs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1892, p. 57. 
Several specimens from El Yunque, and from Bayamon, January. 
Distributed throughout the United States, Mexico, and West Indies. 


1The oft-quoted date, ‘1837,’ for the second volume of this work is evidently 
wrong, as references in it to later dates are not uncommon, even 1841. 


No. 1293. SOME ARACHNIDA FROM PORTO RICO—BANKS. 225 


MISUMENA Species. 


Two specimens, females, from San Juan, January, and Aguadilla, 
January. They are quite robust, pale, and with a white line through 
eye region. ; 

Family SPARASSIDE. 
SELENOPS INSULARIS Keyserling. 
Selenops insularis KeYSERLING, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges., Wien, 1880, p. 311. 

Three specimens from San Juan, January 1-10. Described from 
Porto Rico. 

HETEROPODA VENATORIA Linnezus. 
Aranea venatoria Lixnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 1037. 
Olios antillianus WALCKENAER, Aptéres, I, 1837, p. 568. 

Several specimens from San Juan, January 1-10. A wide-spread 
tropical species. 

OLIOS ANTIGUENSIS Keyserling. 


Sparassus antiguensis KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer., Laterg., 1880, p. 264. 


Several specimens from Utado, January, and from Culebra Island, 
February 9, the latter with egg sacs. Described from Antigua. 


Family CTENID. 
MICROCTENUS Species. 


One female from a cave near Pueblo Viejo, February 17 (Richmond 
and Stejneger). It appears to be new; there is a broad, pale stripe on 
the cephalothorax, the abdomen dull gray, unmarked, mandibles black, 
the quadrangle of M. E. is as broad as high, narrow in front, A. M. E. 
small; second eye row nearly straight; legs rather long, IV longest, 
but patella plus tibia I is a trifle longer than patella plus tibia 1V, the 
metatarsi and tarsi I being short; four pairs of spines under tibia I. 
The species of this genus and allied forms are very much mixed up. 

/ 


Family LYCOSID. 
LYCOSA AUSSERERI Keyserling. 
Tarantula aussereri’: KEYSERLING, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges., Wien, 1876, p. 657. 

Three examples: One Vieques Island, February; one Culebra Island, 
February 11, and one from Vieques Island, March 18 (Stejneger). 
Described from Santa Fé de Bogota. It is very close to our L. erratica 
Htz., but has a pale venter. 

LYCOSA FUSCA Keyserling. 


Tarentula fusca Keyser.ina, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges., Wein, 1876, p. 640. 
Two specimens from San Juan, January 1-10, appear to belong to 
this species, which was described from Cuba. It is very close to, and 
perhaps identical with, Lycosa atlantica Marx, from the Bermudas. 


- 


994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


PARDOSA PORTO-RICENSIS, new species. 


Cephalothorax yellowish; eye region black, a broad, brown stripe 
each side reaching from side eyes to hind margin, the side margins 
narrowly black; mandibles yellowish, darker on the tips: sternum 
pale yellowish; legs pale, barred and ringed with brown; the marks 
on femora rarely show on the under side. Abdomen blackish above, 
with a broad, whitish median stripe reaching from base to tip, taper- 
ing somewhat from the basal third; venter pale yellowish. Cephalo- 
thorax not very long, quite broad, first eye row shorter than second, 
nearly straight, the eyes subequal; eyes of second row about one and 
one-half their diameter apart; mandibles long; legs quite long, three 
pairs of spines under tibia I, two pairs under metatarsi I. Length, 
5mm. One specimen from San Juan, January 1-10. 


DOLOMEDES MARGINELLUS Koch. 
Dolomedes marginellus Koon, Die Arachn., XIV, 1848, p. 120. 
One female from Vieques Island, March 25. Known from the 
coasts of tropical America. 
Family OXYOPID®. 
OXYOPES SALTICUS Hentz. 


Oxyopes salticus Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, 1845, p. 196. 
Oxyopes gracilis KEyYsSERLING, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., 1876, p. 698. 


Several specimens from El Yunque and Culebra Island, February. 
Widely distributed throughout both North and South America. - 
OXYOPES Species. 

A few specimens of uncertain position from Culebra Island, February. 
Family ATTIDA. 
PLEXIPPUS PAYKULLI Audouin et Savigny. 


Attus paykulli Aupouin et Saviany, Descr. de l Egypte, X XII, 1827, p. 172. 
Attus igo WALCKENAER, Aptéres, I, 1837, p. 426. 
Many specimens: Lares, January 25; Adjuntas, February 14 (Rich- 
mond); San Juan, March 31 (Richmond), and Arecibo, April 3 (Rich- 
mond). A well-known cosmotropical spider. 


WALA VERNALIS Peckham. 


Anoka vernalis Pecku aM, Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 1893, p. 701. 


Several specimens from San Juan, January 1-10; Vieques Island, 
February, and Aguadilla, January. Described from Jamaica. The 
genus Anoka Peckham is synonymous with Wala Keyserling, since 
Keyserling’s type appears to be our common A, palmarum Hentz. 


bo 
On 


NO. 1253. SOME ARACHNIDA FROM PORTO RICO—BANKS. D) 


PROSTHECLINA ILLUSTRIS Koch. (?) 
Eris illustris Kocu, Die Arachn., XIII, 1846, p. 192. 


One male from El Yunque, 2,800 feet, February 24 (Richmond), 
appears to be this species which Koch described from Porto Rico. 


PROSTHECLINA SIGNATA, new species. 


Male: Cephalothorax red-brown, eye region black, both with some 
iridescent scales, a row of green ones above the anterior eyes; mandi- 
bles dark brown; palpi light brown, the patella clothed above with 
shining snow-white hairs; legs yellowish brown, their anterior sides 
blackish, unbanded, tarsi nearly white; cox and sternum pale yel- 
lowish. Abdomen above dark brown; on each anterior side is an 
oblong patch of iridescent scales, and behind, on each posterior side, 
isa circle of iridescent scales, inclosing a jet-black spot; a black spot 
in front of the circle; venter black. 

Female: Cephalothorax pale yellow-brown; eye region black, deeply 
emarginate behind, and there containing a large black spot which, 
tapering behind, is continued as a narrow median stripe to the poste- 
rior margin, the hairs each side of this are glistening white; from 
each dorsal eye there extends backward a broad dark-brown stripe; 
a point of white hair between the anterior eyes above; mandibles 
brown; palpi pale, annulate; legs pale, marked and annulate with 
black, not very plainly on the anterior pairs; sternum and coxe pale 
yellowish. Abdomen brown, with a glistening white line around the 
base; from it, each side, is a submedian white line reaching toward the , 
middle of dorsum; behind this on each side is a white circle inclosing 
a black patch; the circle is often extended backward to the spinnerets; 
in front of the circle is another black patch; venter pale, with a 
median brown stripe, and darker marks on the sides. 

Length, male 3.0 mm., female 3.5 mm. 

Several specimens from Utuado, January; Aguadilla, January; and 
Culebra Island, February. 

Order sCORnPIONI DA. 
CENTRURUS INSULANUS Thorell. 
Centrurus insu’anus THORELL, Atti. Soc. Ital., XIX, 1877, p. 148. 

Two specimens: Culebra Island, February 11, and Vieques Island, 

February. Known from several West Indian islands. 
- ISOMETRUS MACULATUS De Geer. 


Scorpio maculatus De Grrr, Mém. Hist. Ins.. VII, 1778, p. 346. 
Scorpio americanus Hersst, Natursyst. ungefl. Ins. IV, 1800, p. 60. 
Tsometrus filum Hemerice and ExrenserG, Sym. phys., Scorp., 1828, p. 3. 
Lychas paraensis Kocu, Die Arach., XII, 1845, p. 6. 
One specimen from San Juan, February 13 (Stejneger). A common 
cosmotropical species. 


Proc WN: Mi. yolk) xxiv—01— 


Ld 


226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV, 


Order _PHEUYNEDZAS 
PHRYNUS PALMATUS Herbst. 


Phalangium palmatum Hersst, Natursyst. ungefl. Ins., I, 1800, p. 82. 


Two specimens: Lares, January 25; Hacienda Esperanza, June 6 
(Wagener). They will not agree with any of Pocock’s numerous 
species based on forms of this variable Phrynid, and so might be 
classed as a new form. 


Order PHALANGIDA. 


CYNORTA OBSCURA, new species. 


Dorsum brown, with yellowish marks; a spot at each posterior side 
of the cephalothorax usually connected by a curved transverse line; 
four transverse lines on the abdomen, the anterior two ending in a 
larger spot each side; some of these lines, usually the hind ones, 
are connected in the middle; legs and palpi pale, more or less netted 
with black; venter dark red-brown. Palpus of usual shape, legs not 
very long, with few granulations; hind coxe with some short, but 
prominent blunt tubercles on outer side at base; eye tubercle very low. 
Abdomen with two submedian rows of four tubercles each; the basal 
four are very small and rounded, the next pair longer, prominent, and 
acute; the last pair somewhat smaller. In the male the legs are rather 
more granulate, the basal four tubercles are acute, and the mandibles 
are greatly enlarged above and gibbous, marked with netted and wavy 
dark lines. 

Length, 5 mm. aaa 

Several specimens from Bayamon, January, and one from Ponce, 
April 16 (Richmond). 


STYGNUS INSULANUS, new species. 


Dark reddish brown, the hind margins of the median abdominal 
segments margined with pale; mandibles and palpi rather dirty yellow 
ish; the tarsi pale, especially the hind pair. Eyes widely separated, 
between them a large spine that is bifid at tip; basal shield of abdomen 
smooth, with two submedian rows of four small tubercles each, each 
lateral margin with a row of rounded granules close by; behind the 
submedian tubercles are three median spines, the basal one smaller 
than the other two, which are nearly subequal; posterior segments 
with a few short spines. Mandibles large, second and third joints 
swollen above. Coxa of palpus with a spine beneath, femur with four 
spines below, patella unarmed, tibia swollen at tip and with two 
projections on inner margin. Legs short and slender, the fourth pair 
much the longest; femora IL and III with a row of small spines 


NO, 1253. SOME ARACHNIDA FROM PORTO RICO—BANKS. IST 


beneath; trochanter 1V with one spine above, femur IV with a row of 
tive large spines below and one at tip above; several near tip of the 
patella; a few small ones on tibia; tarsi of fore legs four-jointed, 
hind tarsi six-jointed, the basal joint longer than the others. 
Length of body, 5.5 mm. 
One specimen from El Yunque, 2,800 feet, February (Richmond). 
This species is evidently related to Styphelus flavitarsis Simon, from 
Guadeloupe, but it has not the tarsal arrangement of that genus, so I 
retain it in the genus Stygnus. The tarsal characters, in my opinion, 
are scarcely of generic value. In Simon’s species the ocular spine is 
not bifid at tip, and there are only two large median spines behind. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. 


Fig. 1. Prostheclina signata, spider. 
2. Pardosa porto-ricensis, spider. 
3. Pardosa porto-ricensis, epigynum. 
4. Prostheclina signata, epigynum. 
5. Cynorta obscura, side view. 
6. Prostheclina signata, palpus. 
7. Stygnus insulanus, side view. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XV 


SOME ARACHNIDA FROM PoRTO RICO. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 227. 


A. REVIEW OF THE GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN. 


By Davin Starr JORDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, 


Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


In the present paper is given an account of the Gymnodont fishes 
(Tetraodontide, Tropodichthyidee, Diodontidee, Triodontide, and Mol- 
ide) known from the waters of Japan. The paper is based on the 
collections made by the writers in Japan in 1900 under the auspices of 
the Hopkins Laboratory of Leland Stanford Junior University, and 
on the collections contained in the United States National Museum. 
A series of duplicates is in the United States National Museum. The 
accompanying drawings are the work of Miss Lydia M. Hart and 
Mr. A. H. Baldwin. 

MEASUREMENTS. 


The measurements given in this paper, except those quoted from 
other authors, were made as follows: Length of caudal peduncle, 
measured from end of base of anal to middle of base of caudal; length 
of head, from tip of snout to upper edge of gill opening; width of 
interorbital space, measured on the bony septum between the eyes; 
length of snout, from tip of snout to orbit; diameter of eye, longi- 
tudinal diameter of exposed iris; in numbering the dorsal and anal 
ravs the short anterior rays are included. 


Suborder GYMNODONTES. 


Plectognaths without a spinous dorsal, with the body short and 
with the relly inflatable; the scales typically spiniform, with root-like 
insertions, and with the jaws enveloped in an enamel-like covering, 
without distinct teeth. This group contains degraded Plectognaths, 
which have lost the scales, spinous dorsal, and distinct teeth. In the 
extreme forms the pelvis, ribs, and caudal vertebre are also lost, the 
species depending on their dermal armature, leathery skin, or inflat- 
able belly for protection from enemies, while little power of active 
movement remains. (yupros, naked; od 0vs, tooth. ) 


Seeoeeeoiics Ua S. NATIONAL MusEuM, VoL. XXIV—No. 1254. 
229 


230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


a. Pelvis very long, supporting the fan-shaped ventral area; upper jaw divided by a 
median suture; lower jaw undivided; skin covered with rough plates; nostrils 
assusual among fishes 2 2 232% S227 ae eee eee TrRIODONTID# I. 

aa. Pelvis and ribs obsolete. 

b. Caudal region normally developed, with a caudal peduncle. 

c. Upper and lower jaw each divided by a median suture; maxillaries and 
dentaries each curved outward behind the premaxillaries; ethmoid more or 
less projecting in front of frontals; postfrontals extending outward at least 
as far as frontals. 

d. Vertebree comparatively few, 15 to 21 in number; dorsal and anal short, of 
7 to 15 rays. ; 

e. Back broadly rounded; frontal bones articulated with the supraoccipital, 
postfrontals confined to the sides; ethmoid short, narrow, little promi- 
nent to view above; vertebrae few; head broad; nostrils various. 

TErRAODONTID® II. 
ee. Back more or less sharply ridged; frontal bones separated from the 
supraoccipital by the postirontals, which meet in the middle; ethmoid 
prominent above, enlarged and narrowed forward; snout pointed; 

dorsal and anal very short; nostrils obsolete or very small. 
TropipicHTHyip® III. 
ec. Upper and lower jaw each undivided, the premaxillary and dentary bones 
coossified into sutureless arches; maxillaries extended laterally behind; 


body covered with stout, rooted spines. ...-----+----:2-- Dropontip& LY. 
bb. Caudal region of body aborted, the body truncated behind the dorsal and 
anal: jaws eachuwibhout median: sibUre ses ss) a ee ee Morips V. 


Family I. TRIODONTID. 


Body covered with small, bony, scale-like, partly imbricated lamine. 
Abdomen dilatable into a very large compressed pendant sac, kept 
expanded by a very long pelvic bone; lower part of sac merely a flap 
of skin, into which the air does not penetrate. Skeleton ossified, the 
ribs well developed. Dorsal and anal short. Tail long, ending in a 
many-rayed forked fin. Upper jaw divided by a median suture; lower 
entire. Nostrils normal, with two openings on each side. 

A single known species, representing a transition from the ordinary 
fishes to the Gymnodont type. 


1. TRIO DONGNelmbiawa rete 
Triodon Reinwarpt, Cuvier, Régne Anim., 3d ed., 1829, p. 588 (bursarius) . 
(Characters of the genus indicated above.) 
(zpéis, three; odovs, tooth.) 
1. TRIODON BURSARIUS Reinwardt. 


Triodon bursarius Retnwarpt, Cuvier, Régne Animal, 2d .ed., 1829, p. 588, 
Sumatra.—B LeEEKeER, Atlas Gymnodontes, 1867, p. 84, pl. x, fig, 1, Amboyna, 
Harouka, Banda.—GiinrueEr, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 270, Mauritius, India. 

Triodon macropterus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 1830, p. 103, pl. rv, Mauritius. 

Head, 32; depth, with sac, 3%; depth, without sac, 33; dorsal rays 10; 
anal rays 9. Eye large, 4 in head; mouth rather large, its cleft as 
long as eye. Color brown, with a large irregular ocellated black spot 


no.1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 231 


on side of body at base of ventral sac and between pectoral and anal. 
(Bleeker.) 

East Indies, not common; rarely north to Japan; a specimen from 
Misaki in the Imperial University of Tokyo. Also recorded from 
Japan by Dr. 8S. Matsubara. (Bursarius, purse-like. ) 


Family 11. TETRAODONTID 2. 
PUFFERS. 


Body oblong or elongate, usually little compressed, sometimes very 
broad; head and snout broad; belly capable of great inflation; skin 
scaleless, usually more or less prickly, the spines or prickles usually 
weak and movable, not rooted; rarely the skin is armed with bony 
scutes forming a sort of carapace; each jaw confluent, forming a sort 
of beak, which in each jaw is divided by a median suture; maxillaries 
curved outward behind the premaxillaries; lips full; nostrils various. 
Spinous dorsal and ventral fins wanting, the fins composed of soft 
rays only; dorsal fin posterior, opposite and similar to anal: caudal 
fin distinct; no ventral fins, the pelvic bone undeveloped; no ribs; 
pectoral fins short and broad, the upper rays longest; caudal fin and 
caudal vertebre normally developed. Medifrontals articulated with the 
supraoccipital, the postfrontals confined to the sides, the ethmoid more 
or less projecting in front of frontals; postfrontals extending outward 
as far as frontals; prosethmoid short and narrow, little prominent to 
view above; vertebre few, 7 or 8+ 9 to 13. Gill openings small, 
placed close in front of pectorals; air bladder present. Fishes of 
sluggish movements, inhabiting warm seas, noted for their habit of 
filling the stomach with air. When disturbed they then float on the 
surface, belly upward. They are not much used as food, even in 
Japan, the flesh being ill-flavored and sometimes reputed poisonous. 

a. Frontal bones expanded sidewise and forming the lateral roofs of the orbits, the 


postfrontals limited to the posterior portions. Species chiefly marine. 
b. Nostril on each side with 2 distinct openings usually in a low tube or 


papilla; frontal region longer than broad.................--- Spheroides, 2. 
bb. Nostril on each side with a bifid tentacle without distinct opening; frontal 
region broader than long; fins rounded..--.-...........---- Tetraodon, 


2. SPHEROIDES Lacépeéde. 
SW ELL-FISHES. 

Crayracion KLEIN, Missus 1742 (spengleri; nonbinomial). 

Les sphéroides LackpEpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 1798, p. 1 (French name only; 
tuberculé). 

Spheroides DumErRiIL, Zoologie Analytique, 1806, p. 342 (tuberculatus=spengleri, 
from a drawing showing a front view). 

Orbidus RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature, 1815, p. 90 (substitute for Les 
sphéroides Lacépéde ). 

Spheroides LactpEpr, Pillot Edition, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VI, 1831, p. 279 
(tuberculatus=spengler/). 


932 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Lagocephalus Swarxson, Nat. Hist. Class. Fishes, II, 1839, pp. 194, 328 
(pennanti=lagoc Shenae 

Cirrhisomus Swarnson, Nat. Hist. Class. Fishes, II, 1839, pp. 194, 328 ee) 

Cheilichthys Miuter, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Benin 1859 (1841), p. 252 (testu- 

dineus ). 

Physogaster Miuter, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1839 (1841), p. 252 (lunaris) 
(name preoccupied ). 

Gastrophysus MbLLER, Wiegmann’s Archiy., 1X, 1848, p. 330 (lunaris). 

Holacanthus Gronow, Syst. Nat., Ed. Gray, 1854, p- 28 (includes all Tetraodontidx 
and Diodontidx); name preoccupied. 

Anchisomus Kaur MS., Richardson, Voyage Herald, 1854, pp. 156, 162 (spen- 
gleri, ete. ). 

Les stenometopes (Stenometopus) Brsron, Reyue de Zoologie, 1855, p. 279 (testudi- 
neus, ete. ). 

Geneion Bipron, Revue de Zoologie, 1855, p. 279 (maculatum). 

Catophrynchus Brpron, Revue de Zoologie, 1855, p. 279 (/ampris). 

Les promecocephales (Promecocephalus) Brsrox, Reyue de Zoologie, 1855, p. 279 


(argentatus) . 
Apsicephalus Hotuarp, Etudes sur les Gymnodontes, 1867, p. 324 (testudineus, 
ete. ). 


Tiosaccus GiNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 297 (cutaneus). 


Body oblong or elongate; skin variously prickly or smooth, some- 
times with cirri. A single, short, simple nasal tube on each side, with 
2 rather large openings near its tip, the tube sometimes reduced to a 
mere rim. Dorsal and anal fins of 6 to 15 rays each; caudal truncate, 
rounded, or concave. Vertebre 18 to 21. Frontal bones expanded 
sidewise and forming the lateral roof of the orbit, the postfrontals 
limited to the posterior portions. Species very numerous in warm 
seas. The group contains 2 or 3 strongly marked subgenera, which 
would be regarded as distinct genera if only extremes were considered. 
But the transition is very gradual from Lagocephalus, with elongate 
body, silvery skin, prominent lateral fold, long faleate dorsal and anal, 
with forked caudal, to typical Spheroides, with short fins and the form 
of Tetrodon. Most Japanese species belong to the subgenus Lagoce- 
phalus. 

(ofaipa, sphere; 10s, resemblance; the genus based on a front 
view, in which the fish was represented as spherical.) 


a. LAGocEPHALUS. Dorsal and anal each with 12 to 14 rays, the fin usually acute at 
tip; nostril short, scarcely produced as a papilla. 
b. Caudal fin more or less distinctly lunate; dorsal and anal faleate; mucous tubes 
on head distinctly developed. 
c. Lateral fold on sides of body evident. 
d. Back and belly distinctly prickly, the prickles sometimes embedded in the 


skin. 
e. Back with rather large scattered black spots; sides with a silvery band; 
cill‘opening: black --.. S2es2 See ee ee sceleratus, 2. 


ee. Back nearly plain gray, without spots; sides silvery; gill opening pale. 
spadiceus, 3. 

eee. Back with close-set black dots, coarse or fine; sides not silvery; prickles 
very small, often entirely hidden ...........----.------ slictonotus, 4. 


no. 1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 233 


da: Babk k and fie without prickles, or very nearly so; Le plain brown Sere 


without dark spots; sides silvery; lateral fold very distinct ----- inermis, 5. 
cc. Lateral fold obsolete; color plain brown, a dark blotch behind pectoral; skin 
without prickles ..-.--- Shh aia hui a a ES rer a ens porphyreus, 6. 


bb. Caudal fin subtruneate or rounded; dorsal and anal less falcate; lateral fold 
usually obscure. 
f. Spots or stripes on body blackish, distinctly darker than the ground 
color, and well defined. 

g. Back and belly with strong prickles; region behind pectoral with 
a black blotch or bjack streaks; form robust; ground color 

brownish, the fins reddish. 
i. Side of tail without dark horizontal stripes; a large black ocellus 


behind pectoral, another at base of dorsal .....---- rubripes, 7. 
vi. Side of tail with two or three black horizontal stripes; back 
pla or with dark iblotehess. 2.2.26. -o-0-62 vanthopterus, 8. 


gg. Back and belly without prickles; no distinct black blotch behind 
pectoral or at base of dorsal, the back and sides covered with 
round black spots; lateral fold evident. 
j. Caudal fin blackish, without bars or spots. 
k. Caudal fin rounded; spots on back sparse on a brownish 


PTOUMGNCOLOL= mer ee ene ee ee ee eae pardalis, 9. 
kk. Caudal fin truneate; spots on back close-set on a pale 
ONO LUG yee ees ae ees ie, Se = Bs abbotti, 10. 


jj. Caudal fin barred, the bars formed of black spots on the rays; 
sides with a gray lateral band and large dark spots and 
VeEEMICUlanons albOVGdIo 2-5-2252) -- eae exascurus, 11. 
ff. Spots on body pale, light gray, or white (sometimes forming vermicu- 
lations about the darker ground color); a large blackish blotch 

behind pectoral and another below dorsal. 

l. Back and belly distinctly prickly. 
Black blotch behind pectoral connected by an ocellated 
black bar over the back with its fellow - -ocellatus, 12. 
mm. Black blotch behind pectoral not connected with its 
fellow; back with spots and streaks of gray. 
alboplumbeus, 13. 
ll. Back and belly without prickles or very nearly so; pectoral 
blotches not connected. 
n. Spots on back mostly broader than the interspaces, 
dull gray in color. 

o. Pale spots vermiculate, irregular in form; bony 
interorbital broad, 24 in head_-.-vermicularis, 14. 
Pale spots rounded in the young, becoming with 
age pale areas which coalesce about round spots 
of the olivaceous ground color; bony interorbital 


NALOWseo TO NeCAGluen =e 8 oe borealis, 15. 
nn. Spots on back pure white, sharply defined, mostly 
narrower than the interspaces . ----- - niphobles, 16. 


ors ort, rounded in outline, each of 6 to 10 rays; nostrils in a 
rominent tube; caudal rounded; no lateral fold. 
4 r} 
p. SpHERoIDES. Body above and below closely 
prickly; back with irregular dark blotches. 
richei, 17. 
pp. Liosaccus. Body entirely smooth, back and sides 
chocolate brown, with irregular scattered black 
Streaks. anGd.spotse.-.- scs=---- cl chrysops, 18. 


O54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


2. SPHEROIDES SCELERATUS (Forster). 


GINFUKU (SILVER PUFFER). 

Tetraodon sceleratus (Forster) GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1788, p. 1444 (Atlantic and 
Pacific oceans ).—ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 506, fair description after 
Forster.—GtnrTuHer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 276, Zanzibar, Ceylon, Madras, 
Amboyna, Philippines, Formosa, South Australia.—Isaikawa, Prel. Cat., 
1697, p. 2, Kagoshima. 

retrodon argenteus LACEPEDE, Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat., 1804, p. 211, pl. rvmt, 
fig. 2, New Holland.—Scu.ece., Fauna Japonica, Poiss., p. 275, pl. cxx1, fig. 2, 
Nagasaki.—BLEEKER, Atlas Gymnodontes, p. 64, pl. v, fig. 1, Java, Bali, 
Singapore, Bangka, Biliton, Borneo, Celebes, Amboyna. 

Tetrodon argyropleura BENNETT, Proc. Comm. Zool., I, 1832, p. 184. 

Tetrodon argentatus BiyvH, Prodr. Fauna, Zeyl., p. 49, Ceylon. 

Tetrodon bicolor Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 283, Shimoda. 

Head 34; depth 4; dorsal rays 12; anal rays 12. Head and back 
covered with fine shagreen; abdomen with small, three-rooted spines; 
side naked. Body very slender, the tail depressed, the lateral fold 
distinct from the chin to the tail; dorsal and anal falcate; caudal 
lunate, with pointed angles; pectoral with its upper angle sharp. 
Greenish, with round scattered black spots above, not confluent and 
ali smaller than pupil; sides with a distinct silvery band, below which 
is a brownish band which runs around the chin; a triangular silvery 
area before eye; gill opening jet black. Vertebre 7+ 10=17. Length 
24 feet. (Giinther. ) 

Kast Indies, north to Japan (Nagasaki, Kagoshima, Shimoda); rather 
scarce; not seen by us. (Sceleratus, rascally, the flesh being reputed 
poisonous. ) 

3. SPHEROIDES SPADICEUS (Richardson). 
SABA-FUKU (MACKEREL PUFFER). 
_ Tetrodon lunaris! ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 277, pl. oxxt, fig. 1, 
Nagasaki (probably not of Schneider, 1801).—Nysrrom, Handl. Svensk. 
Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 48, Nagasaki.—IsHrkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 1, Boshu, 
Tokyo. 

Tetrodon spadiceus RicHArRpDson, Voy. Sulphur, Ichth., 1844, p. 123, pl. ivi, 
figs. 4, 5, Canton.—BtereKer, Atlas Ichth. Gymnodontes, p. 64, pl. m1, fig. 
1, Java, Sumatra, Banka, Borneo, Celebes, Amboyna. 

Tetrodon lunaris var. spadiceus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 275, Vizaga- 
patam, Malabar, Borneo, Philippines, China. 

Head 34 in length; depth 3%; depth of caudal peduncle 5 in head; 
eye 44; snout 2; interorbital space 25; dorsal rays 12; anal rays 12. 

Body rather elongate, the caudal peduncle narrow, cylindrical; 
dorsal contour little elevated; head flat. above, the interorbital space 


‘According to Dr. Bleeker, Spheroides spadiceus is distinguished constantly from 
S. lunaris (Schneider) of the East Indies by the longer body, the relatively smaller 
head, the smaller eyes, the rounded and not angular form of the subocular part of 
lateral line, and by the smoothness of the region behind the tip of the pectoral. One 
of our specimens from Nagasaki has the subocular part of the lateral line evenly 
rounded, while the others have it quite angular. 


no.1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 235 


slightly concave, the distance between eyes about equal to twice their 
diameter; snout rather long, about twice the diameter of eye. Nostrils 
separate, not tubular, in a shallow, oval depression, their distance 
anterior to eye about equal to half the space between eye and upper 
edge of gill opening. Teeth pointed in front, their cutting edges 
concave, the groove between upper teeth pronounced, bordered on 
each side by aridge. Gill opening extending a little above base of 
pectoral, the inner or secondary flap completely hidden by the outer. 

A line of mucous pores extending from the upper, anterior part of 
snout backward helow eye, curving upward*behind eye, passing in a 
broad curve above the pectoral, bending downward in the region of 
the dorsal, and running along middle of caudal peduncle to base of 
caudal fin; a transverse line extending across nape, connecting the 
lateral lines and forming the posterior boundary of a quadrangular 
space, the upper and anterior boundary lines of which unite to pass 
forward over the eye, then downward just posterior to the nostrils 
to join the lateral line; a branch line extending from snout, bending 
downward behind mouth to chin, then running backward along breast 
and disappearing on belly; each line composed of two rows of minute 
papille. A small but distinct ridge passing along lower side of head, 
below base of pectoral, curving upward over base of anal and extend- 
ing along lower part of caudal peduncle to base of caudal fin. <A 
dorsal patch of small prickles extending backward from nostrils, the 
posterior border acutely convex in shape, ending at a point above tips 
of pectorals; in one specimen a few prickles grow back almost to 
insertion of dorsal; throat, breast, and belly with a patch of prickles, 
larger and farther apart than those above, not extending to the vent. 

Dorsal and anal somewhat faleate, the latter inserted on a vertical 
passing through a point a little anterior to the middle of the former; 
the dorsal slightly higher than the anal, 14 in head. Caudal lunate, 
the upper lobe slightly longer than lower. Edge of pectoral straight. 

Color gray or faintly mottled above; silvery on lateral and ventral 
parts; fins pale; edges of dorsal and caudal darker. 

Here described from Nagasaki specimens. An example from Tokyo 
has a brownish spot on upper part of base of pectoral. 

East Indies, north to Japan; rather common. Our specimens from 
Tokyo (2) and from Nagasaki (3). (Spadiceus, nut-brown. ) 


4. SPHEROIDES STICTONOTUS (Schlegel). 


Tetrodon stictonotus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 280, pl. cxxv1, fig. 1, 
Nagasaki.—GtnrTHeEr, Cat. Fish., VIII, p. 281, Nagasaki.—Nysrrom, Hand. 
Svensk. Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 48, Nagasaki.—IsHrkawa, Pre]. Cat., 1897, p 2, 
Tokyo. 

Gastrophysus stictonotus BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Indo-Nederl., Japan, IV, p. 30. 


92 


Head 32 in length; depth 44; depth of caudal peduncle 3% in head; 
6 I 
eye 74; snout 24; interorbital space 24; dorsal rays 16; anal rays 14. 


236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Body very long, the head much shorter than the distance between 
nape and insertion of dorsal; upper contour of head evenly rounded, 
the back not much elevated; caudal peduncle somewhat compressed, 
its depth 3% in head, its length about equal to that of head. Eye 
rather small, about 2% in snout. Interorbital space slightly convex, the 
distance between eyes 44 times their longitudinal diameter. Nostrils 


Fia. 1.—SPHEROIDES STICTONOTUS (Nagasaki). 


separate, located almost transversely on an oval elevation a little 
larger than pupil. Teeth bluntly pointed in front; the cutting edges 
concave, the groove between the teeth scarcely perceptible; ridges on 
either side of groove not prominent; upper and lower teeth of about 
the same width. Inner or secondary flap at gill-opening protruding. 

Lines of mucous pores on body like those of S. rubripes. Lateral 


Fic. 2.—SPHEROIDES STICTONOTUS (Hakodate). 


fold evident, though not very prominent. Skin with small prickles, 
those on the upper anterior parts completely embedded; snout, sides 
of head, chin, upper and lower parts of caudal peduncle, and a narrow 
area along side of body naked. 

Dorsal inserted a little in advance of anterior rays of anal; both fins 
falcate, of about equal height, 12 in head, the anterior rays shortened, 


no.1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPA ne. JORDAN AND SNYDER. 237 


the fourth or fifth r ray longest: Caudal trunc ate, the upper and lower 
rays slightly lengthened at tips. Posterior edge of pectoral straight 
or Slrehtly convex; length 2 in head. 

Color dark slaty gray above, belly white; sides of head closely 
sanded with black points; rest of body almost uniformly colored, 
without distinct points; dorsal and caudal black, the tip darkest. 

Schlegel’s description and figure of the species is founded on a stuffed 
skin, which accounts for the prominence of the prickles and the short- 
ening of the space between the head and the insertion of the dorsal fin. 

Coasts of Japan; here described from a fine specimen about 480 
mm. long from Hakodate. 

Two specimens, about 350 mm. long, from Misaki, agree with the 
above description except that they are very finely marbled above. 
Another of about the same length from Nagasaki is also finely marbled; 
in some places entirely black. (@71«70s, spotted; va@ros, back. 


5. SPHEROIDES INERMIS (Schlegel). 


KANABUKU (METAL PUFFER). 


Tetrodon inermis SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 278, pl. cxxu, fig. 2, 
Shimabara. 


Head 31; depth 3; dorsal rays 12; anal rays 12. Body rather elon- 
gate, the lateral fold distinct; back entirely smooth; belly with small 
spines; fins rather falcate; the caudal lunate, with pointed angles. 

Color olive-green, unmarked; sides and below silvery. (Schlegel.) 

Southern Japan, once taken at Shimabara in Kiusiu, not seen by us; 
evidently very close to the American species S. levigatus. (inermis, 
unarmed. ) 


6. SPHEROIDES PORPHYREUS (Schlegel). 
NAMERABUKU (SLEEK PUFFER). 


Tetrodon porphyreus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 282, pl. cxxi, fig. 1, 
Nagasaki.—GitinrHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 287 (after Schlegel) .— 
Nystrom, Handl. K. Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 48, Nagasaki. 


Head 23; depth 3; dorsal rays 14; analrays 12. Body rather stout, 
the tail shortish, the distance from-vent to base of caudal less than 
half the distance to tip of snout; lateral fold wanting or reduced to a 
trace; skin everywhere smooth, the back with scattered papillee; fins 
falcate, the caudal lunate, the anal 14 in head. Color purplish brown 
above, white below; a large blackish blotch behind pectoral; papille 
pale. (Schlegel.) 

Coast of Kiusiu; not seen by us. Said to be taken at Nagasaki in 
winter. (zopdupeos, purple.) 


238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


7. SPHEROIDES RUBRIPES (Schlegel). 


MABUKU (TRUE PUFFER), TORABUKU (TIGER PUFFER), YANAGIBUKU 
(WILLOW PUFFER). 


Tetrodon rubripes SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 2838, pl. cxxmu, fig. 1, 
Nagasaki.—GitnrHer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 279, Nagasaki.—Nysrrom, 
Handl. Svensk. Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 48, Nagasaki.—IsHrkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, 
p. 2, Rikiuzen, Kaga. 

Gastrophysus rubripes BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Indo-Nederl., Japan, VI, p. 68. 

Lagocephalus rubripes JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 360, 

Tokyo. 

Head 3 in length; depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 3% in head; 
eye 8; snout 24; interorbital space 23; dorsal rays 14; anal rays 13. 

Body rather stout, the caudal peduncle not very slender, compressed 
laterally. Head large, nearly square, in transverse outline, its length 
almost equal to distance between head and insertion of dorsal; inter- 
orbital space broad, flat. Eye small, 3} in snout. Nostrils sepa- 
rate, located almost transversely in an oval elevation; about an eye’s 
diameter from eye. Teeth rather pointed anteriorly, the cutting edge 
concave; groove between the upper ones well defined, the ridges 
prominent; lower teeth wider than the upper ones. Inner flap of gill 
opening exposed. 

Latter fold of body rather distinct posteriorly. A line of mucous 
pores extends from a point on the snout backward, below and close 
to the eye, bends upward behind the eye to a point above the gill- 
opening, from which point a branch crosses the occiput to meet the line 
of the opposite side; thence backward along the upper part of the side 
of body and caudal peduncle and slopes downward to middle of base of 
caudal fin; from a point behind eye a branch runs downward, disap- 
pearing on the throat; from behind the origin of this branch a line 
extends upward, bending forward above the eye and downward pos- 
terior to the nostril, joining the line first mentioned; no inclosed 
quadrangular space behind eye; snout with a transverse line above; a 
line passes backward from chin on each side and disappears on the 
breast; an indistinct line extends from below pectoral backward above 
base of anal to caudal fin. Back with rather small prickles from inter- 
orbital space to near insertion of dorsal fin; under parts with slightly 
larger prickles from just behind chin to vent; other parts of nead and 
body naked. 

Dorsal and anal rather pointed, not falcate, both of about the same 
height, 2 in head; dorsal inserted a little in advance of anal. Caudal 
truncate, 13 in head. Pectoral convex posteriorly, about 3 in head. 

Color dark brown above, white or yellowish below; a large black 
ocellated blotch behind the pectoral; another at base of dorsal, extend 
ing on the fin; two or three smaller blotches faintly ocellate behind 
the pectoral blotch; caudal blackish; lower fins orange in life; no hori- 
zontal stripes on sides of body. 


. 


. 


Raat Ay 


No.1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 239 


Described from a specimen about 350 mm. long, collected at Waka- 
noura. Younger examples about 200 mm. long, have small pale spots 
on the back and have the post-pectoral row of faintly ocellate spots 
absent; otherwise they are colored as the adult, with the exception 
that the large ocellate spot behind pectoral is more conspicuous. 
Young of 70 or 80 mm. length, gray, with five dark cross bands 
above, besides dark clouds; black blotches obscure. 

Length 450 to 500 mm. Coast of southern Japan; not rare. Our 
four specimens from Tokyo and Wakanoura. It is one of the most 
strongly marked species. (ruber, red; pes, foot.) 


8. SPHEROIDES XANTHOPTERUS (Schlegel). 

Tetrodon xanthopterus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 284, pl. cxxy, fig. 1, 
Nagasaki.—Nysrrom, Handl. Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 48, Nagasaki. 
Gastrophysus xanthopterus BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Indo-Nederl., Japan, 1852, VI, 

p. 68. 


Head 33 in length; depth 34; dorsal rays 16; anal rays 13. 

Length of head less than distance between head and insertion of 
dorsal; interorbital space broad, 13 in head. Teeth bluntly pointed 
before, the cutting edge concave; groove between teeth prominent, the 
ridge on either side of groove low. Back prickly from nostrils to 
dorsal fin; abdomen with rather long, sharp prickles; sides and tail 
smooth. Lateral fold obscure. Dorsal and anal rather high and fal- 
cate. Caudal moderately lunate. 

Color bluish; sides silvery, the back with cross shades or bands; 3 
or + oblique streaks behind pectorals, besides some roundish blotches; 
sides of body and tail with 3 horizontal stripes, the upper fading into 
the color of the back, the stripes oblique at the anterior end. Base of 
dorsal and pectorals dusky; fins yellow. The dark markings behind 
the pectorals vary, even in the same fish. 

Length 400 or 500 mm. Southern Japan; rare. A single stuffed 
specimen obtained by us at Nagasaki. 

It is regarded by Dr. Giinther as a variation of S. rubripes, but the 
coloration is markedly different and the fins’are higher and more acute. 
(Sav40s, yellow; 2Tepor, fin.) 

9. SPHEROIDES PARDALIS (Schlegel). 

Tetrodon pardalis SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, p. 282, pl. cxx1, fig. 2, Nagasaki.— 
GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 281, Nagasaki.—Nysrrom, Handl. Svensk. 
Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 48, Nagasaki.—Jorpsn and Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 
1900, p. 860, Tokyo. 

Head 3 in length; depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head; 
eye 54; snout, 23; interorbital space 24; dorsal rays 10 or 11; anal 
rays 8 or 9. 

Body rather robust; caudal peduncle conical, its length 14 in head; 
length of head somewhat less than distance between gill-opening and 


‘ 


240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


insertion of dorsal. Eye 2 in snout; interorbital space concave. Nos- 
trils separate, placed laterally in an oval elevation. Teeth bluntly 
pointed in front, the cutting edges slightly concave; suture without a 
deep groove, ridges on either side not prominent. Inner fold of gill- 
opening slightly exposed. 

Lateral fold perceptible only posteriorly, where it is rather obscure. 
Lines of mucous pores like those of S. rubripes; skin soft, without 
prickles, almost entirely covered with small elevations resembling 
embedded scales. Fins low, about 24 in head, not falcate, the poste- 
rior edges convex. Caudal 13 in head, rounded posteriorly. Pectoral 
short, 24 in head. 

Color brownish, rather dark; back and sides covered with round, 
blackish spots, somewhat smaller than the pupil; the interspaces not 
so wide as the spots; no large black spot above tip of pectoral or at 
base of dorsal. Fins dull orange; dorsal dusky; caudal blackish. 

Coasts of Japan, rather common, reaching a length of about 380 
mm. It varies somewhat in markings, but is easily distinguished 
from related species by the black spots. Our specimens are from 
Tokyo, Misaki, Matsushima, Onomichi, and Nagasaki. (zapdadzs, 
leopard. ) 


10. SPHEROIDES ABBOTTI Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 2? in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 4 in head; eye 
6; snout 24; interorbital space 23; dorsal rays 13; anal rays 12. 

Body rather broad, robust, tapering posteriorly to the small, cylin- 
drical, caudal peduncle, which is about equal in length to head; length 


Fic. 3.—SPHEROIDES ABBOTTI. 


of head considerably less than distance between gill-opening and inser- 
tion of dorsal; head nearly square in cross section; eye small, about 
half way between tip of snout and gill-opening; interorbital space 
broad, flat; distance between eyes about 3$ times their diameter; jaws 
equal; teeth with scarcely perceptible ridges in front, the suture with- 
out a deep groove; not pointed anteriorly, the cutting edges almost 


NO.1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 241 


straight; inner flap at gill-opening equal in length to the outer, pro- 
truding a little; nostrils separate, in an oval elevation. 

Lateral fold present. A line of mucous pores extending from a 
point behind the mouth backward, below, and close to the eye, passing 
in a broad curve above the pectoral, bending downward and running 
to the middle of base of caudal; a branch passing over nape just above 
gill-opening; another leaving the lateral line behind the eye, going 
downward and disappearing on the throat; a third, having its origin 
immediately behind the latter, going upward and forward, passing 
downward close bebind the nostrils, and joining the lateral line; a 
branch crossing the snout above; a line extending along side of body, 
below lateral fold, froma point below tip of pectoral to base of caudal; 
no inclosed quadrangular space behind eye. Skin smooth. 

Dorsal and anal fins pointed, the edges straight or slightly concave; 
of about equal height; 1$ in head. Caudal 12 in head, subtruncate, 
the Haley lobe slightly pointed, the lower somewhat rounded. Pec- 
toral 24 in head; of 13 rays. 

Color light gray, abruptly white below; back covered with close-set 
black spots mostly smaller than the pupil and broader than the inter- 
spaces which forin reticulations around them; numerous small spots 
below the eye; spots largest on upper part of tail, some of them con- 
fluent; spots on upper part and below base of dorsal mostly confluént, 
forming elongate blotches. Caudal dusky posteriorly; edged above 
and below with pale; other fins grayish. 

Tokyo Bay. Known from one specimen about 325 mm. long. Type 
No. 6523, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 

It is distinguished from S. pardalis by the smaller, closer set spots, 
the general gray coloration, and the more concave caudal. From 
S. stictonotus it differs in color, in having smooth skin, less falcate 
fins, and fewer dorsal and anal rays. (Named for James Francis 
Abbott, of Hachiman, Japan, formerly of Leland Stanford Junior 
University, in recognition of his studies of Japanese animals. ) 


11. SPHEROIDES EXASCURUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 33 in length, depth 44; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head; 
eye 4; snout 23; interorbital space 24; dorsal rays 12; anal rays 12. 

Body moderately elongate, not broadened anteriorly; caudal pedun- 
cle not compressed, its Tenge slightly less than that of head; length 
of head much less than distance between gill opening and insertion of 
dorsal. Eye large, 14 in snout. Interorbital space concave; distance 
between eyes a little more than twice their diameter. Nostrils separate, 
in an oval elevation. Teeth bluntly pointed anteriorly, the cutting 
edges concave, the suture without a deep groove; ridges on either side 
of groove scarcely perceptible. Lower jaw projecting beyond the 
upper. 


roe. N. Mevolt xxiv—01— 16 


242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Skin smooth; a few small, deeply imbedded prickles on the breast 
and belly. Lines of mucous pores distinct; the lateral line extending 
from a point behind the mouth backward below and close to the eye, 
passing in a broad curve above the pectoral, bending downward and 
running to the middle of base of caudal; a branch passing over nape 
just above gill opening; another leaving the lateral line at a point 
close behind eye, going downward and disappearing on the throat; a 
third having its origin immediately before the latter, going upward 
and forward, passing downward close behind the nostrils and joining 
the lateral line; no inclosed quadrangular space behind eye; a branch 
crossing the snout aboye; a line originating near the angle of mouth, 
extending downward along the chin; curving backward along throat 
and bending upward to near base of pectoral; another beginning 
below and a little before the end of the latter, running backward, 
curving upward over anal, and extending to base of caudal. 

Fins high, the dorsal pointed, its posterior edge straight, the longest 


Fic. 4.—SPHEROIDES EXASCURUS. 


rays ly in head; anal similar in shape, slightly higher than dorsal. 
Caudal subtruncate, somewhat rounded posteriorly. Pectoral about’ 
23 in head; of 14 rays. 

Dark gray above, the color ending abruptly at the lateral fold; belly 
white; back blackish, with obscure grayish vermiculations; sides with 
very distinct, gray reticulations around irregular black spots, some of 
which are as large as pupil; sides of head very distinctly marked; a 
large black spot on base of pectoral; no distinct black blotch behind 
pectoral or below dorsal; dorsal with dark clouds; caudal with its rays 
distinctly spotted and reticulated like sides of body; gray area of sides 
extending below the dark spots. 

Misaki; described from a fine specimen about 200 mm. long. Type — 
No. 6524, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. The species 
is related to S. abbotti, but differs from that and all others in its pecul- 
iar markings and especially in the extension of the spots and streaks — 
on the caudal fin. 

(eSaokéw, to adorn; oupa, tail.) 


no.1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 243 


12. SPHEROIDES OCELLATUS (Osbeck). 


Tetrodon ocellatus OsBEcK,-Iter Chinensis, 1757, p. 226; English ed. I, p. 364; IT, 
p. 331, Canton.—Linnzvs, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 411, after Osbeck.—RicH- 
ARDsON, Voyage Sulphur, 1843, p. 120, pl. tv, figs. 1, 2; Canton, Japan.— 
GtnruHeER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 279, China. 

Head 3; depth 3. D. about 14; A. 14. Body rather robust, cov- 
ered with minute spines from near nostrils to dorsal fin; abdomen 
entirely covered with similar spines, sides naked; dorsal and anal low, 
slightly falcate; lateral ridge obscure; caudal truncate; upper teeth 
without ridge in front; olivaceous, sides silvery, young with round 
pale spots; a large black spot behind pectoral on each side, this con- 
nected with its fellow by a black cross band over the back; this band 
and the spots edged all around by white; a black, white-edged blotch 
at base of dorsal. Length about a foot. (Giinther); (Richardson). 

Coasts of China, mentioned by Richardson as from Japan, where it 
is probably rare; not seen by us. Common about Canton. (Ocellatus, 
ocellate.) 


13. SPHEROIDES ALBOPLUMBEUS (Richardson). 


NAGOYABUKU (NAGOYA PUFFER); KOMONBUKU (SMALL MARBLED 
PUFFER); SHIWOSAIBUKU (ESTUARY PUFFER). 

Tetraodon alboplumbeus RicHarpson, Voy. Sulphur, Ichth., 1844, p.121, pl. rym, 
figs. 6, 7, Canton; Ichth. China, p. 199, Canton.—BLrEKker, Atlas Gymno- 
dontes, p. 62, pl. 1, fig. 1, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. 

Gastrophysus alboplumbeus BLEEKER, Nat. Tydskr. Neder]. Ind., VII, p. 104. 

Lagocephalus alboplumbeus JorDAN and Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 360, 
Tokyo. 

Tetrodon oblongus var. alhoplumbeus GinrTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII., p. 278, Sumatra, 
China, Japan.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p.2, Izu, Riukiu, Kiusiu, Tokyo. 

Tetrodon pecilonotus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Jap., 1847, p. 279, pl. cxxv1, fig. 2, Nagasaki. 

Tetrodon niveatus Brevoort, Japan. Fish., 1856, p. 284, Shimoda. 

? Tetrodon hartlandi Brancont, Mem. Accad. Bologna, VI, p. 146, pl. 1, fig. 1, 
Mozambique. 

? Gastrophysus microphthalmus Biytu, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, X XIX, 1867, p. 174, 
Sifang. 

Head 34 in length, depth 34; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head; 
eye 53; snout 23; interorbital space 3; dorsal rays 12; anal rays 11. 
Body rather elongate, the dorsal contour little elevated; caudal 
peduncle not compressed, its length 14 in head; length of head much 
less than distance between gill opening and base of caudal. Eye 24 in 
snout; interorbital space broad, flat. Nostrils in elevated, oblong, 
papille, the openings lateral. Teeth scarcely pointed before, the 
cutting edges somewhat concave; suture without groove; no vertical 
ridges on either side of suture. Inner flap at gill opening exposed; 
width of gill opening equal to base of pectoral. 
Lateral fold prominent. Lines of mucous pores as described in 
S. abbott, with the addition of one extending from chin backward and 


244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


upward to near base of pectoral. Skin of back and belly covered with 
prickles; the two areas confluent both before and behind pectorals. 

Color very much as in S. vermicularis, grayish black above with 
numerous round, pale spots which are larger, more confluent, and more 
irregular on sides, none of them sharply defined or stellate, most of 
them broader than the interspaces; a dark blotch behind pectoral; 
another at base of dorsal; the dark blotches more apparent on young 
individuals; caudal dusky toward tip; other fins more or less dusky. 

Coasts of Japan, especially southward, generally common. Our 
specimens are all small, none over 160 mm. in length. They are from 
Aomori, Tokyo, Wakanoura, Onomichi, and Tsuruga. 

Except for the prickly back and sides, this species is scarcely 
different from Spheroides vermicularis. Our specimens represent- 
Tetraodon pecilonotus Schlegel, which seems to be identical with the 
Chinese species called S. alboplumbeus. Spheroides oblongus of the 
East Indies is different in color from any of these. TZetrodon niveatus 
from Shimoda with ‘‘many small blotches of bluish white” must be 
the present species rather than S. néphobles, which has small stellate 
spots of pure white. 

(Albus, white; plwmbeus, lead color.) 


14. SPHEROIDES VERMICULARIS (Schlegel). 


MABUKU (TRUE PUFFER). SHIWOSAIBUKU (ESTUARY PUFFER). 


Stachelloser Aufblaser aus Nagasaki KRUSENSTERN, Reise, Atlas, pl. 11, fig. 1. 
Tetrodon vermicularis SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 278, pl. cxxtv, fig. 1. 
Nagasaki.—Gitnruer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p.280, after Schlegel.—IsHixawa, 
Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 2, Esashi, Tokyo, Boshu. 
Gastrophysus vermicularis BLEEKER, Verh. Bat. Gen., Japan, X XV, p. 125. 
Head, 34 in length; depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 3% in head; 
eye 54; snout 22; interorbital space 22; dorsal rays 12; anal rays 12. 
Body somewhat elongate, the caudal peduncle not compressed, its 
length 14 in head; length of head considerably less than distance 
between gill opening and insertion of dorsal fin. Eye 23 in head; 
interorbital space flat. Nostrils in an oblong elevation, not tubular. 
Teeth scarcely pointed anteriorly, the cutting edges concave; no con- 
spicuous depression along suture, and no vertical ridge on either side. 
Width of gill opening equal to that of base of pectoral, the inner flap 
exposed somewhat. 
Lateral fold well developed. Lines of mucous pores not very distinct, 
arranged as in S. abbott?. Skin smooth. 
Dorsal and anal 1? in head, pointed; the anal somewhat falcate. 
Caudal truncate 1? in head. Pectoral 2 in head, the upper angle rather 
acute, the lower rounded. 


xo.1254. (GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 945 


Color dark, with rounded or oblong irregular bluish white spots 
above, which are confluent along sides into larger, elongate spots and 
vermiculations which are smaller on head and middle of back; a large 
dark blotch behind pectoral; traces of a dusky spot below dorsal; 
caudal dusky posteriorly; other fins with a little dusky; the anal often 
without dark color. The ground color is sometimes gray; in other 
eases almost black. There are some variations in amount of pale 
markings. 

Southern Japan, rather common. Known from the other entirely 
smooth species by the vaguely defined vermiculate pale spots, which 
are larger along the sides. 

Here described from a specimen from Kobe; numerous others are 
from Tokyo, Misaki, Tsuruga, and Nagasaki. The species seems to 
reach a small size only, and none show any signs of prickles. 

( Vermicularis, with worm tracks.) 


15. SPHEROIDES BOREALIS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 34 in length; depth 44; depth of caudal peduncle 4$ in head; 
eye 53; snout 24; interorbital space 3%, dorsal rays 13; anal rays 11. 


Fic. 5.—SPHEROIDES BOREALIS. 


Body moderately elongate, the dorsal contour little elevated; the 
caudal peduncle narrow, not compressed, its length contained about 
lyin head. Length of head much less than space between gill-opening 
and insertion of dorsal; interorbital space slightly convex. Eye 23 in 
snout. Nostrils located in an oval elevation. Jaws equal. Teeth not 
pointed anteriorly, the cutting edges straight; suture between teeth 
without deep groove, the vertical ridges on either side of suture 
evident though not prominent. Gill opening not quite so wide as base 
of pectoral, the inner flap exposed along its edge. Lateral fold 
present. Skin without prickles. Lines of mucous pores indistinct; 
lateral line running from snout backward below eye, curving upward 
over the pectoral, passing downward and backward to base of caudal 
fin; a branch passing over the nape above gill openings; a branch pass- 


946 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXIV. 


ing from behind eye, upward and forward, curving downward between 
nostril and eye, and joining the lateral line; another branch, having 
its origin posterior to the eye, coinciding with the latter, passing down- 
ward and disappearing on the throat; a branch passing over the snout 
just anterior to the nostrils; a line extending downward and backward 
from chin to a point near base of pectoral; another, having its origin 
below and a little anterior to the latter, running backward below 
lateral fold to base of caudal. 

Dorsal and anal pointed, the latter slightly falcate, the height about 
1% in head. Caudal truncate, its length 14 in head. Pectoral slightly 
rounded posteriorly, 2? in head, the number of rays 14. 

Color dark brown above, with faint, rounded, pale spots, sometimes 
confluent in vermiculations, around darker spots, pale spots, those on 
back a little smaller than those on sides, none of the spots white and 
none sharply defined. A round jet-black spot, edged with pale above 
tip of pectoral, this well defined and larger than eye, not meeting its 
fellow across the back; a large black blotch on and below base of dorsal; 
dorsal and caudal largely dusky toward tip; pectoral and anal pale. 

Here described from a specimen about 180 mm. long, from Mororan, 
Hokkaido. Type No. 6525, Leland Stanford Junior University 
Museum. . 

This species is very close to Spheroides vermicularis, but the body 
is stouter, the bony interorbital area narrower, and the spots are 
more distinctly rounded, when vermiculate surrounding darker spots 
of the ground color. It is extremely abundant in northern Japan. 
Our very many specimens, none more than 6 inches long, are from 
Otaru, Mororan, Hakodate, Aomori, Same-Minato, and Matsushima. 

(Borealis, northern.) 


Measurements of Spheroides borealis. 


Mororan, Hokkaido. Hakodate, Hokkaido. 
venetian invekeNs: = 215-0 <lccatseee toe gees 151 42S 4D OS) stolons be 100 54 
| Depth expressed in hundredths of length al 262s |b 26 de 26 G26 25 28 
| Depth of caudal peduncle..................- ee Te Nae 7 7 74 | 8 7 8 
| Length of caudal peduncle.-......:.....+.2.- 26 Dine) eta || 254 | 232 25 24 
MenethuomMNea Gate <2 cee -<\<.c/s<10.nine seston see 31 31 32 32 323 | 31 32 35 
Width of interorbital space .............--.- 9 gi 9 9 9 8 7 3 
sen Horo MSM OUby ee memes o-oo arse ee ee 15 14 13 14 14 MBE. | 1183 15 
DIGMEeTEHOMONDUCe os oe cscce se ek nee Sones le 1G helen Guano 64 Zl 64 7 4 
Distance from snout to dorsal fin.........--. 65 644 65 67 67 652 66 69 
Height of longest dorsal rays................ | 183 | 183 | 163 ihe qf 317/ 1¢/ 17 17% 
Height of longest anal rays -..... eee. e 20 | 18 17: | 19 17 163 18 17 
Wenethvot cad ailitini= 2-5-2 -s2s2te soe enol 18 | 19 19 22 19) Si 2A 19 22 
Number of raysiin Gorsall fin ---......-2-22.- | 13 13 13 14 13 13 13 13 
Numberorraysiin anal! fins... 3-2 seas eee 11 12 11 11 12 11 12 11 


16. SPHEROIDES NIPHOBLES Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 3} in length; depth 34; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head; 
eye 5; snout 23; interorbital space 3; dorsal rays 12; anal rays 10. 


fh a 


Nno.1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 247 


Body rather robust, almost as wide as deep; caudal peduncle conical, 
not compressed, its length 12 in head. Head much shorter than dis- 
tance between gill opening and insertion of dorsal. Eye about 13 in 
snout; interorbital area flat, the space between eyes 24 times their 
diameter. Nostrils in low, oblong, elevations. Teeth obtusely pointed, 
the cutting edges.concave; sutures between teeth without groove, 
the elevations on either side scarcely noticeable; width of gill-opening 
somewhat less than that of base of pectoral, the edge of inner flap 
exposed. 

Small prickles on nape, anterior part of back, and on belly, the skin 
elsewhere smooth. Lateral fold rather prominent posteriorly. Lines 
of mucous pores rather distinct; arranged as in S. borealis. 

Dorsal and anal fins rounded, their height 2 in head. Caudal convex 
posteriorly; its length 13 in head. Pectoral 24 in head, its posterior 
edge convex; number of rays, 14. 


Fic. 6.—SPHEROIDES NIPHOBLES. 


Color dark grayish, everywhere above covered with sharply defined 
white stellate spots; nearly all round, narrower than their interspaces, 
and not enlarged or confluent along sides; a distinct black blotch above 
pectoral, with white below it, but not surrounded by white: a black 
blotch below soft dorsal; caudal dusky at tip; fins otherwise pale. 

Described from type No. 6526, Leland Stanford Junior University 
Museum; from Tokyo, Japan. 

Our numerous specimens are from Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, 
Tsuruga, and Nagasaki. On some of these the dark color on the side 
is bordered by a dusky shade. In a few the lateral spots are a little 
larger than those on the back. In all the space just below eye is 
without distinct spots. 

This species is very close to S. alhoplumbeus, but is smoother, and 
differs from all the others in the stellate character of the spots, which 
are distinctly white. 

(vigoBAns, snowed on, from the stellate spots.) 


248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV 


Measurements of Spheroides niphobles. 


Tokyo, Japan. 


| eakente thin) ml Mimetersss-sseeee see eee ener eee 119 | 120 | 100 | 98 | 98 
| Depth expressed in hundredths of length ....| 28 | 28 | 263) 26 | 29 
Depthiof caudalipeduncles sees. sere eee 9 Sz Sh Si 82 
| Length of caudalipeduncles= 525-2 sees ee 24 | 243) 26 | 24 | 22 
iene thy other d.2 22s. ch veeeeea eee er oaeaeaee Bey |) Spay Spe sey | ey! 
| Width of interorbital space 102) 9) 10 1! 10 
}, ene th.otismOuUtas. ssa aan 143} 123} 14] 14 | 16 
Diameteriof Orbit2ss2s.e---- ceases eee eee 8 a full, eid] atl 
Distance from snout to dorsal fin ...-..-..---. 69 | 68 | 69 | 67 | 70 
Height of longest dorsal rays ......-....-..--- 18 18 | 173] 18 | 18 
|, Heightioilongest analimaysscsses ee saa, see: 19 172; 17 | 172) 20 
| Length) of caudal fin ees 2 tes eee ee =e 22 F22At 1232|( 21 ee 
|) Numberiofraysiinidonssyl eile sess eeeeee eee oe UPA NOFA 28 aps | at 
| Number of rays in anal fim-:..--.2--2.2-5.-8-- LOD) LON) 108 Oo 
| 


17. SPHEROIDES RICHEI (Fréminville). 
NAGOYABUKU. 


Tetrodon richei FREMINVILLE, Nouv. Bull. Philom., II, p. 250, pl. rv, fig. 2.— 
Brierker, Atlas Ichth. Gymnodontes, p. 461, pl. 1x, fig. 8, Derwent, Hobart- 
town, Tasmania.—GtnrHer, Cat. rish., VIII, 1870, p. 285, New Zealand, 
South Australia, Hobarttown.—Isuikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 2, Kagoshima. 

Head 34; depth 32; D. 9; A. 10. 

Body from the lips, above, below, and on both sides, closely covered 
with small spines; caudal peduncle smooth; snout obtuse; interorbital 
space broad; orbit with a free fold for its whole circumference; no 
lateral fold on body or tail. 

Color greenish, whitish below, with a few large irregular black 
spots or blotches above, some of these about as large as eye. 

Coasts of Australia and New Zealand (Bleeker); a specimen from 
Kagoshima, referred to this species by Dr. Ishikawa, is in the Imperial 
Museum of Tokyo. This identification is by no means certain. 


18. SPHEROIDES CHRYSOPS (Hilgendorf). 


Tetrodon chrysops Hivcexnorr, Sitzgber. Naturf. Freunde, May 20, 1879, p. 80, 
Tokyo, typ? No. 10625, Mus. Berl. 
Head 2{ in length; depth 23; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; 
eye 54; snout 23, interorbital space 22; dorsal rays 10; anal rays 9. 
Body very robust, the caudal peduncle somewhat compressed, its 
length about 13 in head. Head large, its length equal to distance 
between gill opening and insertion of dorsal (not quite so long in one 
specimen). Interorbital space somewhat concave, occasionally flat or 
slightly convex. Eye moderate, 2 or 24 in snout. Nostrils with tubes, 
the openings lateral. Teeth not pointed in front, the cutting edges 
straight or somewhat concave, the suture without a deep groove, no 
ridges bordering suture. Gill opening small, not extending above 
upper edge of base of fin, the inner or secondary flap slightly exposed. 
Body naked, the skin covered with minute pits. Lines of mucous 


St ean 


No.1244. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 249 


pores similar to those of S. abbott7, except that the upper and lower 
branches just behind the eye are concurrent, and the line extending 
from the chin backward is very indistinct. 

Dorsal and anal of equal height; 1% in head; rounded. Caudal 11; 
rounded posteriorly. Pectoral about 2 in head; its posterior edge 
convex. 

Pinkish brown above or chocolate color, becoming gradually paler 
below; back with scattered, very irregular black spots and mottlings, 
all smaller than eye; no large black blotches behind pectoral or below 
dorsal; fins plain dusky; the caudal tipped with blackish in one speci- 
men; iris yellow. 


Fic. 7.—SPHEROIDES CHRYSOPS. 


Coast of Japan, here described from four specimens, the largest 
about 300 mm. long, from Tokyo market and from Misaki. 

It is a well marked species, allied to S. pardalis, but known at once 
by its color and its plump form. 

(ypvads, gold: wy), eye.) 


On hve EA@ DON Wim =seus: 


Tetraodon Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758 (lineatus). 

Les Ovoides LAackpEpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 1797, p. 256 (fascé; French names 
only); based on front view of Tetraodon stellatus. 

Ovum Buiocnw and Scunerper, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 530 (commersoni); after 
Lacépéde; name preoccupied in mollusks. 

Ovoides DumErIL, Zoologie Analytique, 1806; after Lacépéde. 

Oonidus RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature, 1815, p. 90 (substitute for Ovum). 

Arothron Mtuier, Abh. Berl. Akad., 1839, p. 252 (testudinarius=reticularis) . 

Les Epipedorhynques (Epipedorhynchus) Brsron, Rey. Zool., 1855, p. 279. 

Les Dilobomycteres ( Dilobomycter) Brsron, Revue Zool., 1855, p. 279 (reticularis, 
etc). 

Les Dichotomyctéres (Dichotomycter) Brsron, Rey. Zool., 1855, p. 279 (fluviatilis ; 
no diagnosis). 

Brachycephalus Hottarp, Gymnodontes, 1867, p. 324. 

Crayracion BLEEKER, Atlas Gymnod., p. 65, after Klein, 1742; type spengleri, 
erroneously supposed to belong to this group. 


250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Body rather robust, the skin usually more or less prickly. Nostril 
on each side with a tentacle, bifid to the base, its tips without opening, 
the branches of the large olfactory nerve ending in cup-like depres- 
sions along the inner edges of the two flattish lobes. Dorsal and anal 
fins rounded, each of 7 to 14 rays; the dorsal more or less in front of 
anal: caudal rounded. Vertebre usually8+10=18. A ring muscle 
about the eye forming eyelids. Species numerous, chiefly of the 
tropical Pacific; distinguished from Spheroides by the solid nasal 
tentacles. Most or all of our species belong to the section or genus 
Ovoides, distinguished by the form of the postfrontals and prefrontals, 
which are deflected to describe the segment of a circle. The value 
of this character should be tested before Ovoides is recognized as a 
distinct genus. (rétpa, four; od0us, tooth.) 

a. TrTRAopDON: Dorsal and anal rather large, each of about 14 rays; body everywhere 
with round pale spots; belly paler than back .......-------- firmamentum, 19. 
aa. Ovoipes: Dorsal and anal small, each of about 10 rays. 

b. Spots on back, black, darker than the ground color; spines on belly black; 

forehead. broad); flattish;” spimes:stiff 2-2 a= sae oe eee aérostaticus, 20. 

bb. Spots on back whitish or pale, paler than the ground color; spines on belly 
whitish, rather flexible. 

c. Belly crossed by black parallel stripes with white interspaées, the stripes fad- 


ing with age; interorbital are: concave; gill-opening black... -hispidus, 21. 
cc. Belly covered with round white spots on a dark background, like the back; 
interorbital area narrow, flattish; prickles very close-set.... - meleagris, 22. 


19. TETRAODON FIRMAMENTUM (Schlegel). 


HOSHIFUKUTO (STARRY PUFFER). 
Tetrodon firmamentum SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, p. 280, pl. cxxvi, fig. 2, 1847, 
Nagasaki.—B.Lerker, Verh. Bat. Gen., Japan, XX VI, p. 124.—GUnrHEr, 
Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 299, Nagasaki. 

Body rather elongate; small two-rooted spines covering every part, 
except snout and posterior part of caudal peduncle. Snout 23 in 
head, a little less than width of interorbital space, which is rather 
convex. Dorsal and anal higher than in other species, each of about 
14 rays, the front of anal nearly under middle of dorsal; caudal long, 
truncate. 

Color grayish above, paler below; the entire body and base of the 
‘audal covered with ovate white spots, smaller than the eye and nar- 
rower than the interspaces of the ground color. Length, a foot. 

Nagasaki; known only from the original types; not seen by us. 

(Firmamentum, the sky; from the starry spots.) 


20. TETRAODON AEROSTATICUS (Jenyns). 


Tetrodon lineatus Buocu, Auslind. Fische, I, 1785, p. 128, pl. cxi1 (not of 
Linnzeus), and of various authors.—ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 287, 
pl. exxv, fig. 2, Nagasaki. 

Arothron lineatus BLEEKER, Verh. Bat. Gen., Japan, p. 40. 


No.12h4. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 251 


Crayracion lineatus BLEEKER, Atlas Gymnodontes, p. 70, pl. , fig. 1; pl. vit, 
fig. 1, Bali, Singapore, Celebes, Amboyna. 
Tetrodon aerostaticus JENYNS, Voy. Beagle, p. 152, 1842, locality unknown. 

Head, 25 in length; depth of caudal peduncle, 34 in head; eye, 74; 
snout, 24; interorbital space, 24; dorsal rays, 10; anal rays, 10. 

Body short, broad, and very deep, the-belly greatly inflatable; 
caudal peduncle somewhat compressed, its length 3 in head. Eye 
small, 33 in snout. Interorbital space broad, flat, the distance between 
eyes + times their diameter. Mouth small, its width about 2 times 
diameter of eye. Cutting edges of teeth concave, the suture without 
deep groove, and without ridges on either side. Nostrils with bifid 
tentacles; no apparent openings. Gill-opening almost as wide as base 
of pectoral. 

Lips, bases of fins, and caudal peduncle naked, the other parts of 
body covered with prominent spines; those of the upper parts and 
sides sharp, those of belly club-shaped. 

Fins all rounded, the membranes thin; dorsal and anal about 3 in 
head, caudal 2 in head. Pectoral rays 19. 

Color very dark brown; everywhere above with round, jet-black 
spots of different sizes, but all smaller than eye; belly with broad, 
black bands, more or less confluent and irregular, those anteriorly 
forming black reticulations around pale spots; vent black; base of pec- 
toral and anal with black spots, the caudal spotted, the other fins plain. 

East Indies; occasionally north to Japan; here described from a fine 
specimen taken at Houmoku, near Misaki, by Capt. Alan Owston. 
A smaller specimen, also from Misaki, shows no black spots above and 
the bands below are narrower, widely separated, and parallel. In both 
the spines are black, both on the light and dark ground color. 

Dr. Giinther unites this, with several other of Bleeker’s species, 
under the name of Zetrodon stellatus. The oldest name, however, 
certainly belonging to the present form is aerostaticus.  Tetrodon 
stellatus is figured as having the rather high dorsal, like the caudal, 
well spotted with black. It is, however, possible that Zetraodon 
stellatus is the adult of the same fish. 

(Aerostaticus, resting in air as a balloon.) 


21. TETRAODON HISPIDUS Linnezus. 


999 


? Tetraodon hispidus Lixnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 333, China, after 
Lagerstrom (probably this species, the spots not indicated in Lagerstrom’s 
figure); Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1766, p. 414.—? Biocu, Ausl. Fische, I, about 
1786, p. 130, pl. exit, Coromandel. 

Tetrodon hispidus GiUnNrHeR, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 297, Red Sea, Zanzibar, 
Ceylon, Mozambique, Port Natal. 

Tetrodon perspiciliaris Répreti, Atlas Fische, p. 63, Red Sea. 

Tetrodon implutus JENYNS, Voyage Beagle, Fish., 1842, p. 152, Vanikoro. 

Crayracion implutus BLEEKER, Atlas Gymnodontes, p. 71, pl. 1, fig. 5, Sumatra, 
Cocos, Solor, Timor, Batjan, Amboyna, Banda. 


59 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


bo 


Tetraodon laterna RicHarpDson, Voy. Sulphur, 1842, p. 124, pl. uxt, fig. 2, Canton, 
after an incorrect drawing by John Reeves.—Ricnarpson, Ichth. China, 
p. 199, Canton. 
Arothron laterna BLEEKER, Enum. Pise. Archip. Ind., p. 200. 
Tetrodon hispidus (semistriatus) GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 297, Amboyna, 
Aneitum, Australia. ; 

Head, 22 in length; depth of caudal peduncle, 3 in head; eye, 6; 
snout, 24; interorbital space, 3; dorsal rays, 10; anal rays, 10. 

Body robust, the belly enormously distensible, caudal peduncle 
compressed; the length 24 in head. Length of head less than distance 
between gill opening and insertion of dorsal. Interorbital space flat or 
somewhat concave, the distance between eyes 34 times their diameter. 
Cutting edges of teeth concave; suture without a deep depression, on 
vertical ridges along its side. Gull opening not quite so wide as base 
of pectoral. Nostrils with bifid tentacles, without apparent openings. 

Lips, upper part of snout, bases of fins, and caudal peduncle naked; 
other parts covered with prickles or short, slender spines; those of the 
upper parts very short and pointed; of the lower parts longer, pointed, 
and with a minute, fleshy bulb near the tip. Lines of mucous pores 
very indistinct; a line (encircling the eye) passing in a broad curve 
above pectoral, then bending downward and extending to base of 
caudal fin. 

Fins small, their edges rounded; dorsal and anal, 35 in head; caudal, 
13; pectoral, 3. 

Color blackish gray, the upper parts with oblong or rounded pale 
spots about as large as pupil; interspaces wider than spots; a large 
black blotch surrounded by a white ring around base of pectoral and 
gill opening; chin dusky; belly whitish, with parallel stripes of black, 
which fade and grow narrower on the median part; caudal with small 
white spots; other fins pale or with a little dusky. 

Smaller specimens have the pale spots above much more obscure, 
while the black stripes on the belly are very distinct. The upper 
stripes arc most distinct and are deeper in color at intervals, leaving a 
trace of about + dark cross bars on the side. 

In adult specimens, apparently of the same species, collected in 
Honolulu by Dr. O. P. Jenkins, the stripes on the belly are obsolete. 
In the young from the same locality they are very distinct. 

East Indies, north to the Riukiu Islands. Here described from a 
specimen, 55 inches long, from Okinawa (Coll. Y. Koneyama), and from 
two others, each of which is about 4 inches long, from Ishigaki Islands 
(Yaeyama; Coll. Capt. Alan Owston). The larger specimen is evidently 
identical with Bleeker’s 7mplutus and Richardson’s laterna. ‘The 
synonymy of Riippell we have taken from Dr. Giinther. The unidenti- 
fied description of Zetrodon hispidus seems to belong to this species. 
The type came from China and was marked by vague, dark cross 
bands, but no pale spots are figured. 


no.1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 258 


22. TETRAODON MELEAGRIS Lacepede. 


Tetrodon meleagris LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 1799, pp. 476, 505; seas of 
Asia, on a drawing by Commerson.—RicHarpson, Voyage Sulphur, Fish, p 
122, pl. xivu, 57, figs. 1-3, locality unknown, probably China Seas; also 
notes a drawing from Tahiti by Solander.—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, 
p. 299, Richardson’s type. 
? Arothron ophryas Corn, Fishes Lesser Antilles, 1870, p. 479, Navigator Islands. 
? Ovoides ophryas Fow rr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 528, pl. xx, fig. 
2, after Cope’s type. 
? Ovoides latifrons JENKINS, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., 1899 (June 8, 1901), p. 398. 
Honolulu. 
Head, 24 in length; depth of caudal peduncle, 3% in head; eye, 8; 
snout, 22; interorbital space, 245; dorsal rays, 10; anal rays, 10. 
Body robust, the belly capable of great inflation; dorsal contour 
evenly rounded, not much elevated; contour of snout slightly concave, 


FIG 8.—TETRAODON MELEAGRIS. 


Head large, its length less than distance between gill opening and 
insertion of dorsal fin; interorbital space somewhat convex. Eye 
small, the diameter about 3 in snout; a little nearer to tip of snout 
than to gill opening. Dental plates of about equal width, the suture 
without a deep groove, and without vertical ridges on either side. Gill 
opening not so wide as base of dorsal. Nostril with a bifid tentacle 
with 2 compressed flaps; no apparent opening. 

Lines of mucous pores not evident except above eyes. Body every- 
where except lips, border of gill openings, and bases of fins hispid 
with rather slender, thick-set spines; those of the back short and 
rather rigidly set; those below nearly twice as long and more easily 
depressed; the transition from shorter to longer spines gradual on 
the sides. 

Fins with rounded edges; dorsal and anal of equal height, 2? in 
head; caudal, 12; pectoral, 2. ’ 

Color dark brown or blackish, the spines whitish; everywhere 


954 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


covered with small, round, stellate, whitish spots, rather regularly 
placed, all narrower than pupil, and narrower than the interspaces. 
All the spots are round and those on sides of head, throat, and belly 
are largest. No bands on belly; base of pectoral black, with white 
spots; dorsal and anal dusky. Caudal spotted like the body. 

Pacific Ocean. 

One specimen from Okinawa, 125 mm. long, collected by Yonekichi 
Komeyama. 

We identify this species with some doubt with Zetraodon meleagris 
as described, and as figured by Richardson. The only notable differ- 
ence lies in the form of the pale spots, which are lenticular or oblong 
in 7. meleagris and round in our specimen, as also in the specimens 
called ophryas and latifrons. 

(Meleagris, » Guinea hen.) 


Family II. TROPIDICHTHYID. 
SHARP-NOSED PUFFERS. 


This family includes small puffers, similar in external appearance to 
the Tetraodontide, but with the snout sharp and the back more or 
less compressed or ridge-like. The skeletal characters by which the 
group is defined are thus given by Dr. Gill: Medifrontals separated 
from the supraoccipital by the intervention of the sphenotics which 
are connected together and laterally expanded, but short; the proseth- 
moid prominent above, enlarged and narrowed forward. Vertebre 
about 8+ 10. Head compressed, with a projecting, attenuated snout; 
dorsal and anal short, few-rayed. Nostrils wanting or little developed. 
Tropical seas; small species; none of them reaching a length of more 
than 6 inches. 

a. Nostrils small, consisting of a raised rim with a small perforation ......-..-- 


Eumycterias'4. 
4. EUMYCTERIAS Jenkins. 


Eumycterias JENKrNs, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., 1899 (June 8, 1901), p.399 
( biteeniatus). 

This genus differs from Zropidichthys in the less complete atrophy 
of the nostrils. These are reduced each to a raised rim or small 
papilla with a small perforation like a pin-prick. 

(ev, well; wuKtnp, nostril.) 


'The nostrils are entirely wanting in Tropidichthys, the other genus of this family. 
The following is the synonymy of Tropidichthys: 
Canthigaster Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, I1, 1839, p. 194 (diagnosis only; no 
: species mentioned). 
Psilonotus SwArnson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 328 (rostratus); substitute for 
Canthigaster; not Psilonotus, a genus of Hymenoptera of prior date. 
Prilonotus (Kaup MS.) Ricwarpson, Voyage Herald, 1854, p. 162 (rostratus; 
misprint). 
Tropidichthys BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Nederl. Ind., IV, 1854 (valentin‘). 
Anosmius PETERS, Wiegmann’s Arch. 1855, p. 274 (teniatus). 
Rhynchotus (Brsron) Hollard, Etudes Gymnodontes, 1857, p. 320 (peroni). 


: 
. 


No. 1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 255 


23. EUMYCTERIAS RIVULATUS (Schlegel). 


KITAMAKURA (SLEEPER WITH HEAD TO NORTH); YOKOBUKU 
(CROSSWISE PUFFER); AKAMEBUKU (RED-EYED PUFFER). 

Tetrodon rivulatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 285, pl. cxxrv, 
fig. 3, Nagasaki.—GitinrHer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 305 (copied).—Isu1- 
KAWA, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 2, Sagami, Tokyo. 

Tetrodon grammatocephalus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 286, pl. 
cxxvI, fig. 3, Nagasaki (young with obscure coloration). 

? Eumycterias biteniatus JENKINS, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., 1899 (June 8, 1901), 
p- 400. Honolulu. 

Head 23 in length; depth 22; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; 
eye 44; snout 12; interorbital space 32; dorsal rays 10; anal rays 10. 

Body robust, deep, compressed, the dorsal contour greatly elevated, 
the outline from snout to occiput straight, the ventral contour evenly 
rounded; caudal peduncle deep, compressed, its length 14 in head. Head 
triangular in outline, its length equal to distance between gill-opening 
and dorsal fin; interorbital area narrow, nearly flat. Eye oblong, 23 
in snout. Snout long, pointed. Nostrils witha single tube in a small, 
round papilla. Teeth scarcely pointed anteriorly, the cutting edges 
straight, the suture without a deep groove; no vertical ridge on 
either side of groove. Width of gill-opening equal to one-half base 
of pectoral. 

A median elevation or fold of the skin extending from chin to anal 
opening. Skin smooth or with embedded prickles on adult specimens 
(100 to 150 mm. long). Young individuals with prickles above and 
below. With increasing age the prickles sink into the thick skin and 
entirely disappear. In dried specimens they are present, having 3 
roots. 

Color, olivaceous above, bright violet below. Adults marked above 
with numerous narrow bright blue lines running in various directions 
on the nape and back, mostly longitudinal on front of snout, and on 
back of tail, and descending vertically or obliquely about the eye; 
besides these lines are numerous vermiculations, especially on body 
and tail, while the belly and sides are sprinkled with orange dots. 
These are especially numerous above and behind the chin and about 
the gill opening. Belly with blue spots. All these markings are 
variable and some of them fade in spirits. Dorsal blackish at base, 
otherwise pale; caudal dusky bluish, its base dusky above and below. 
Specimens of about 150 mm. are marked as above. Those of about 
100 mm. have in addition a dark curved line before gill opening, the 
upper part of which extends backward toward caudal. Smaller ones 
show in addition two blackish lateral stripes, the one extending from 
the eye nearly to the caudal, the other from the tip of snout, below 
pectoral; dark streaks before and behind gill-opening. Still smaller 
ones lack streaks and spots and have two black lateral bands, with 
a silvery interspace, 


256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. } 


Some specimens of 100 mm. (Nagasaki), corresponding to grammato- 
cephalus, lack streaks except about the eye, have no spots, the belly 
plain whitish, and the dark lateral streaks vaguely defined, the body 
mottled or blotched with paler. 

Comparison of very many specimens from Tokyo, Misaki, Waka- 
noura, Kobe, and from Nagasaki leaves no doubt that all belong to a 
single species which varies much with age, as well as with the sur- 
rounding conditions. Additional variations arise in alcohol, which 
causes the fading of the violet and golden markings. 

Southern Japan, common in shallow bays about rocks from Tokyo 
to Nagasaki. The description of Hwmycterias biteniatus from Hono- 
lulu applies very well to a young specimen of this species. 

(Rivulatus, having streaks like streams. ) 


Family IV. DIODONTIDZ. 
PORCUPINE FISHES. 


Body short, broad, depressed above. Belly moderately inflatable; 
body covered everywhere except on the lips and caudal peduncle with 
spines, which are usually 2-rooted or 3-rooted at their bony base. 
Caudal peduncle short and slender. Mouth moderate, terminal, each 
jaw covered with a bony plate like the beak of a bird; these not divided 
by a median suture. Nostrils on each side forming a small tentacle, 
usually with 2 openings. Eye rather large, gill opening moderate, 
immediately in front of the pectoral, which is short, broad, and 
rounded. Dorsal and anal fins short, similar to each other, rounded 
in form and placed posteriorly. Sluggish fishes, living on the bottom 
among weeds and corals, in tropical seas. When disturbed, they 
swallow air and float belly upward on the water. Their capacity of 
inflation is very much less than that of the Zetraodontide, from which 
family they differ chiefly in the stronger armature and in having no 
division in the bony plate of either jaw. They are rarely used as 
food, being generally regarded as poisonous. The species are mostly 
well known in collections, the singular form having attracted the 
attention of travelers in the earliest times. 


a. Dermal ossifications mostly 2-rooted; the spines rather slender, but stiff and 


erectile. Nasal tentacle simple, with 2 lateral openings. --...------ Diodon, 5. 
aa. Dermal ossifications all or nearly all 3-rooted, each with a short, stiff, immovable 
spine. Nasal tentacle simple, with 2 openings...-..-.-.---- Chilomycterus, 6. 


5. DIODON Linneus. 


Diodon Linn xus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 335 (hystrix). 

Paradiodon BureKer, Atlas Ichth., Gymnodontes, 1867, p. 56 (hystrix); name a 
substitute for Diodon, transferred to another genus; the first species mentioned 
by Linnzeus being Diodon atinga, which was therefore taken by Bleeker as 
the type. 

Body robust, the belly moderately inflatable. Dermal spines strong, 
stiff, most of them 2-rooted and erectile, a few 3-rooted and therefore 


: 


| 


Avs 


a Thies a 


wr ex 


a 


BMY wit; Heys 


no.1254. GYMNODONT FI! oes OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 25% ef 


a 


immovable; both jaws s entire e; nasal tube simple, with 2 2 eral open- 
ings. Pectorals broad, their margin undulate, the upper lobe longest; 
vertical fins rounded, the dorsal and anal short, posteriorly inserted, 
similar to each other. Tropical seas: the few species very widely 
distributed. 

(dis, two; odo0vs, tooth.) 


24. DIODON HOLACANTHUS Linnezus. 
HARISEMBON (THOUSAND-NEEDLES); YATSUMEBUKU (EIGHT-EYED 
PUFFER); HARIFUKU (NEEDLE PUFFER). 

Ostracion oblongus holacanthus Arrept, Genera 60, No. 20, 1738, India. 

Diodon holacanthus Lixnxxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1738, p. 335, after Artedi. 

Diodon holacanthus JorDAN and EyrerMANN, Fish. N. M. America, 1898, p. 1746, 
Florida Keys, La Paz. 

Diodon liturosus SHaw, Gen’| Zool., 1806, V, p. 436, pl. 11, New Cytherea after 
le diodon tacheté of Lacépéde. 

Diodon spinosissimus Cuvier, Mém. Mus., IV, 1818, p. 184; no locality. . 

Diodon novemmaculatus Cuvier, Mém. Mus., IV, 1818, p. 134; no loeality.— 
ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 289, pl. cxxviu, fig. 2, Nagasaki. 

Diodon sexrmaculatus Cuvier, Mém. Mus., IV, 1818, p. 134, no locality. 

Diodon multimaculatus Cuvier, Mém. Mus., IV, 1818, p. 134, no locality. 

Diodon quadrimaculatus Cuvier, Mém. Mus., TV, 1818, p. 134, Otaiti. 

Paradiodon quadrimaculatus BLeEKER, Atlas, Gymnodontes, 1867, p. 58, pl. vit, 
fig. 2, Solor, Amboyna. 

Diodon inelanopsis Kave, Wiegmann’s Archiy., 1855, p. 228. 

Diodon maculatus GéNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 307, St. Croix, Jamaica, 
Hawaii, China, Sulu Sea, Indian Ocean.—Isuixawa, Prel. Cat.,-1897, p. 1, 
Tokyo, Miyako-Shima, Riukiu. — 

Eyes well behind line of angle of mouth. Frontal spines long, 
usually longer than post-pectoral spines, about twice as long as eye 
in adult; predorsal spines not shortened, 2-rooted, erectile; 14 to 17 
spines in a series between snout and dorsal; post-pectoral spines not 
especially elongate, their development variable; dorsal rays usually 
12; anal 12; pectoral broader than long, its upper lobe pointed, lower 
lobe rounded. Body marked with black spots and blotches irregular 
in size, usually a broad black bar from eye to eye, continued below 
eye as a narrow bar; a broad bar across occiput; a black blotch above 
each pectoral; a short bar in front of dorsal; another in which the 
dorsal is inserted; a blotch behind pectoral, and many small spots and 
blotches on upper parts; fins with few spots, usually unmarked in the 
young. Young (Misaki) with the belly spotted; adult with the belly 
white, or with few spots. 

In all warm seas. Our Japanese ee agree entirely with the 
description given by Jordan and Evermann, printed above. This 
species may be simply the young of the larger, equally cosmopolitan 
species, Diodon hystrix. In this form the frontal spines are smaller 
than those behind the pectorals, We have six specimens from Waka- 
noura and two from Misaki. 


Proce. 


258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


6. CHILOMYCLE RUS ySibrone 
BURR-FISHES. 


Chilomycterus Brpron, in Barneyille, Revue Zodlogique, 1846, p. 40, (reticulatus= 
tigrinus ). 

Chilomycterus Kaup, Wiegm. Archiy., 1847, p. 365 (antennatus). 

Cyclichthys Kaup, Wiegm. Archiy., 1855, p. 231 (orbicularis). 

Cyanichthys Kaur, Wiegm. Archiy., 1855, p. 231 (cwruleus). 

Diodon BibeKer, Atlas Ichth., Gymnod., 1865, p. 55 (atinga), the first species 
named by Linneeus; not Diodon, as properly restricted by Kaup to Diodon 
hystrix. 

Body broad, depressed, moderately inflatable. Dermal spines short, 
stout, immovable, triangular, each with 3 roots; nasal tube simple, 
with two lateral openings; the tube sometimes rounded, sometimes 
flattened, and with the partition feeble and easily torn so that the ten- 
tacle appears undivided; caudal peduncle short; fins small, formed as in 
Diodon ; jaws without median suture. Species numerous, of smaller 
size than those of Diodon, the spines broader and lower, their bases 
forming a coat of mail. 

(veiAos, lip; puuutnp, nose ‘*Narines non closes au sommet, mais 
chacune ayant ’apparence de deux lévres, ou formée de deux tenta- 
cuies réunis a la base.”’) ; 


a. CurLomyctervs: Nasal tentacle flattened, divided; fins spotted with black; supra- 
orbital spines 3, feeble; no spine on forehead; supraocular cirrus wanting; upper 
parts with short, dark streaks or bars, becoming blotches on the sides. 

californiensis. 
25. CHILOMYCTERUS CALIFORNIENSIS Eigenmann. 


TORABUKU (TIGER PUFFER); HISHIBUKU (DIAMOND PUFFER); KAERU- 
BUKU (FROG PUFFER). 


Diodon tigrinus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 228, pl. cxxvin, 
fig. 1, Nagasaki, not of Cuvier. 

Chilomycterus tigrinus IsH1KAWA, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 1, Tokyo, Misaki. 

Chilomycterus californiensis! EIGENMANN, Amer. Nat., V, 1891, pp. 25, 1133, San 
Pedro, California. 

Chilomycterus californiensis JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, 
p. 361, Tokyo. 

Chilomycterus californiensis SNopGRASS and HELLER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1901, 
Galapagos Islands. 


'The following is the substance of Dr. Eigenmann’s account: No tentacles any- 
where. Spines of back all low, those of front especially so, increasing in size toward 
belly, where they become much larger than those of back. No spine on middle of 
forehead. A spine at upper anterior angle of orbit; one above, somewhat behind its 
middle; one slightly behind and above its upper posterior angle; another haifway 
between the last and the upper angle of pectoral, and another before and a little 
above the upper margin of pectoral. Blue above, white below; forehead and bases 
of all the fins with small (one-sixteenth inch) dark spots, fewer on anal; back — 
densely covered with short streaks or bars, which become larger spots on sides; a 
few round dark spots (one-fourth inch in diameter) on belly; spots below eye larger 
ihan those on forehead, similar in size to those on caudal peduncle. Length 9} 
juches. San Pedro, California. - 


no. 1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 259 


Head 23 in length; depth 3%; depth of caudal peduncle 5} in head; 
eye (width of bony orbit) 33; snout 3; interorbital space 13; dorsal 
rays 12; anal rays 11. 

Upper contour of snout somewhat concave; interorbital space broad; 
concave; eyes placed obliquely, the anterior part of margins being 
nearer together than the posterior parts. Nasal tentacle flattened, 
bilobed. Gill opening somewhat wider than base of pectoral. No 
supraocular cirrus. Dental plates with a rough surface, without 
median suture, bluntly pointed anteriorly, the cutting edges concave. 

Spines all short and blunt, increasing in size posteriorly both above 
and below; a very low, four-rooted spine on posterior part of inter- 
orbital space; three low supraocular spines, followed by a row of three 
somewhat higher spines, the posterior of which is above the pectoral 
fin; no spines on cheeks; middle of belly with very low spines; two 
small spines on upper part of caudal peduncle. 

Fins rounded; dorsal 24 in head, anal 23, caudal 1, pectoral 24. 

Color brown above, yellowish white below, the color distributed in 
indistinct clouds on back; five more or less distinct broad vertical 
bands on sides, the first extending downward from front of orbit and 
across chin below, the second immediately anterior to gill opening, the 
third posterior to base of pectoral, the fourth just anterior to inser- 
tion of dorsal, the fifth at base of caudal fin; upper lip dark; fins with 
many round brown spots. 

Coasts of Japan, rare; also recorded from San Pedro, California, 
and the Galapagos; here described from a specimen from Tokyo. This 
specimen we can not separate from a Galapagos example which we 
identify as Chilomycterus californiensis Eigenmann, obtained at the 
Galapagos Islands by Snodgrass and Heller. It is close to Chzlomyc- 
terus atinga (Linneus) (= reticulatus) of the Atlantic. Comparison 
of specimens shows considerable variation, but no unquestionable dif- 
ferences among the Pacific examples. 


Family V. MOLID. 
HEAD-FISHES. 


Body oblong or more or less short and deep, compressed, truncate 
behind, so that there is no caudal peduncle. Skin rough, naked, spi- 
nous, or tessellated. Mouth very small, terminal; teeth completely 
united in each jaw, forming a bony beak without median suture, as in 
the Diodontide. Dorsal and anal fins similar to each other, falcate in 
front, the posterior parts more or less perfectly confluent with the 
caudal around the tail; no spinous dorsal; no ventral fins; pelvic bone 
undeveloped; pectorals present. Belly not inflatable; gill openings 
small, in front of pectorals; an accessory opercular gill; no air bladder. 
Fishes of the open seas, apparently composed of a huge head to which 
small fins are attached; found in most warm seas, pelagic in habit, 


260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


and reaching a very large size. The very young are variously short-~ 
ened in form and armed with spines. The flesh in these fishes is 
coarse and tough, and they are not used as food. 


a. Body suborbicular, not twice as long as deep; skin thick, rough, gristly, without 


hexagonal plates! 5225 > 302 ees eee ae ee eee ae ae Mola, 7. 
aa. Body oblong, «bout twice as long as deep; skin smooth, tessellated, with smooth 
hexagonal plates 22h. 2 se ee toes 2 aa ee Se ee Ranzania, 8. 


7. MOLA Cuvier. 


2 


Mola Cuvier, Tableau Elém. Hist. Nat. Animaux, 1798, p. 323 (rotunda = mola). 

Orthragoriscus Buocn, Syst. Ichth., Schneider ed., 1801, p.510 (mola); misprint 
for Orthagoriscus. 

Cephalus SHaw, General Zoology, V, 1804, pp. 2, 482 (mola). 

Orthragus RAFINESQUE, Caratt. Ale. Nuoy. Gen. e Nuoy. Sp. Anim. e Piante 
della Sicilia, 1810, p. 17 (duna= mola). 

Diplanchias RAFINESQUE, Caratt. Ale. Nuoy. Gen. e Nuoy. Sp. Anim. e Piante 
della Sicilia, 1810, p. 17 (nasus = mola). 

Tympanomium Ranzant, Novi Comm. Ac. Sci. Bonon., V, 1837, p. 3, pl. after p. 
81 (planci= mola). 

Trematopsis RANZANI, Novi Comm. Ac. Sci. Bonon., V, 1837, p. 3, pl. after p. 81 
(willughbeii = mola). 

Ozodura Ranzani, Novi Comm. Ac. Sci. Bonon., V, 1837, p. 3, pl. after p. 81 
(orsini = mola). 

Pedalion (Guilding MS.) Swarxson, Nat. Hist. and Class’n. Fishes, ete., 1839, I, 
p: 199s Tipp. Lob. 329: 

Aledon CAsteLNAu, Mém. sur Poissons Afrique Aust., 1861, p. 76 (storeri= mola). 


LARVAL FORMS. 


> 


Molacanthus Swainson, Nat. Hist. and Class’n Fishes, etc., II, 1839, pp. 195, 
329 (pallasi). 

Pallasia Narpo, Ann. Sci. Regno Lombard., Venet., V, 1840, pp. 10, 112, (pallasi). 

Acanthosoma Dr Kay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, p. 330 (carinatum) - 

Centaurus Kaup, Archiv. Naturgesch., I, 1855, p. 221 (boops). 

Body ovate, strongly compressed, covered with a thick, rough, 
leathery, elastic skin, which is without bony plates. Profile forming 
a projecting fleshy nose above the mouth. Dorsal fin beginning not 
far behind pectorals, short and high, falcate, confluent with the anal 
around the tail; no large spines on the body. Clumsy fishes, found 
in most warm seas, reaching a great size; the young (J/olacanthus) 
with the body deeper, much compressed, without trace of caudal fn, 
its place taken by a row of marginal spines. 

(Mola, a millstone.) 

26. MOLA MOLA (Linneus). 


Tetrodon mola Lixnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, pp. 334, 412, Mediterranean; 
after Ostracion catheoplateus subrotundus ARTEDI, Genera, 1738, p. 61. 

Orthagoriscus mola Buocnw and ScHnetper, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p.510.—ScHLEGEL, 
Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 288, pl. cxxvu, Nagasaki.—GUtnruer, Cat. 
Fish.) VLMeIs 70: pusl7: 

Mola aculeata KéLReuTER, Noy. Comm. Petropol., X, 1766, p. 337, pl. vit, figs. 
Zandeas 


Ph Ves aa ter 


No.1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 261 


Mola rotunda Cuvier, Tableau Elém. Nat. Hist., 1798, p. 323; after Tetrodon mola 
Linnzeus. 

Tetrodon lune LackpEpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 1798, p. 509. 

Orthragoriscus hispidus BLocw and ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 511. 

Orthagoriscus fasciatus BLocn and Scunerper, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 511. 

Cephalus brevis SHaw, Gen. Zool., V, 1804, p. 437, pl. cLxxv1. 

Cephalus pallasianus SHaw, Gen. Zool., V, 1804, p. 440. 

Diodon carinatus Mircntii, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, IT, 1815, p. 264, pl. 
v, fig. 1, New York. 

Acanthosoma carinatum Dr Kay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, p. 330, pl. Ly, 
fig. 179; 

Orthagoriscus spinosus Cuvier, Régne Animal, 1817. 

Cephalus orthagoriscus Risso, Eur, Mérid., IIT, 1826, p. 173. 
Ozodura orsini RANzAant, Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., III, 1839, p. 82, 
Mediterranean Sea; Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., IT, 1839, pl. v1. 
Tympanomium planci Raxzanxt, Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., III, 1839, 
p. 82, Adriatic Sea. 

Mplanchias nasus RAxzanit, Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., III, p. 82, ‘‘in 
marel siculo.”’ 

Trematopsis willughbei Raxzaxt, Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., IIT, p. 82, in 
oceano. 

Orthragoriscus retzii Ranzanit, Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., III, p. 82, no 
locality. 

Orthragoriscus ghini Ranzanxt, Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., IIT, p. 82, Medi- 
terranean Sea. 

Orthragoriscus rondeletii RANZANI, Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., III, p. 82 
Mediterranean Sea. 

Orthragoriscus blochii Ranzant, Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., III, p. 82, 
‘‘in mari oceano.”’ : 

Orthragoriscus alecandrini RANZANI, Noy. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., ITI, p. 82, 
Adriatic Sea. 

Orthragoriscus redi RANZANI, Noy. Comm. Ac. Inst. Bonon., III, p. 82, Mediter- 
ranean Sea. 

Orthragoriscus oculeatus RANZANI, Nov. Comm. Ac. Inst. Bonon., III, p. 82. 

Orthragoriscus lunaris GRonow, Cat. Fishes, ed. Gray, 1854, p. 165, Mediterranean 
Sea. 

Orthragoriscus solaris GRonow, Cat. Fishes, ed. Gray, 1854, p. 165, Mediterranean 
Sea. 

Orthragoriscus elegans RANZANI, Noy. Comm. Ac. Inst. Bonon., III, Atlantic Ocean. 

Orthragoriscus battare Ranzant, Noy. Comm. Ac. Inst. Bonon., III, Adriatic Sea. 

Aledon storeri CASTELNAU, Poiss. Afr. Austr., pp. 75, 76. 

Aledon capensis CASTELNAU, Poiss. Afr. Austr., pp. 75, 76, Cape of Good Hope. 

Pallasia pallasi Narpo, Ann. Sci. Regno Lombard., Venet., X, 1840, p. 112, Venice. 

Orthagoriscus analis Ayres, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., Il, 1854, p. 31, fig. tiv, San 
Francisco. 

Mola nasus Steensrrur and LUTKEN, Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh., 1863, p. 36. 

Mola retzii SrpeNstruP and LUrKen, Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh., 1863, p. 36. 

Orthragoriscus ozodura Hartine, Verhand. Ak. Wet. Amsterd., 1868, pp. 1-48, 
pls. I-viir. 

Ostracion boops RicHARDsON, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Ichth., 1844, p.52, South 
Atlantic. 


Head 3; depth 13; D.17; A. 16. Dorsal and anal fins high in front, 
rapidly decreasing backward, the height of each about 23 in length of 


’ 


262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXTV. 


body in adult; caudal fin low, with a wavy outline. Depth always more 
than one-half length, and in the young the vertical diameter exceeding 
the longitudinal. Form varying much with age, the body becoming 
more elongate, the fins comparatively shorter, the eye much smaller, 
and a hump being developed above the mouth, topped by an osseous 
tubercle. Dark gray; sides grayish brown with silvery reflections; 
belly dusky; a broad blackish bar running along the bases of the dorsal, 
‘raudal, and anal fins. 

Pelagic, inhabiting most temperate and tropical seas, swimming 
slowly about, the high dorsal above the surface. Occasionally north- 
ward to Tokyo, England, Cape Cod, San Francisco; rare in the West 
Indies. It reaches a weight of 300 to 1,800 pounds. Japanese speci- 
mens are occasionally taken, but only one, from Nagasaki, has been 
closely examined by us. This specimen has the dorsal very high, 245 
in body. The above description is from Atlantic examples. The 
published figures of Japanese specimens indicate no difference. 

(Mola, a millstone.) 


8. RANZANIA Nardo. 


Ranzania Narpo, Ann. Sci. Regn. Lombard., Venet., V, 1840, pp. 10, 105, 
(truncatus) . 

Body oblong, the depth about one-half height; skin smooth, tessel- 
lated, divided into small hexagonal scutella; caudal truncate. Other- 
wise essentially as in J/o/a, the size smaller. The larval forms are 
unknown. Pelagic. 

(Named for Camillo Ranzani, of Bologna, an excellent naturalist, 
who was led by the variations in the form of J/o/a to an ineffective 
subdivision of the species in many genera. ) 


27. RANZANIA MAKUA Jenkins. 


Ranzania makua JENKINS, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., V, October 31, 1895, pp. 
780, 784, with colored plate, Pearl Harbor, near Honolulu.—Jorpan and 
EVERMANN, Fish. N. M. America, 1898, p. 1755, copied. 

D. 17; A. 18; C. 19; P. 3. Depth 24 in length to base of caudal; 
head 28; eye 6 in head, 23 in snout. 

Body much compressed, the ventral margin a sharp, evenly curved 
keel. Eye much above axis of body, a little nearer snout than base of 
pectoral. ‘Teeth forming a turtle-like beak completely hidden by 
projecting folds of skin, which form a truncated opening to the mouth. 
Gill opening just in front of upper base of pectoral, covered by a 
2-lobed valve. Body covered by an armor of small plates, more or 
less hexagonal and concealed. Pectoral about 14 in head, above axis 
of body; height of dorsal about equal to head; anal slightly lower; 
dorsal and anal each separated from the caudal by a netch. Color 
bright silvery on sides, upper parts dark; sides with brighter silvery 


—aE 


No.1254. (GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 2638 


bands, the first 3 with distinct black borders, the next 4 with numerous 
black spots, the black margins appearing only on lower parts. 

Differing from Ranzania truncata chiefly in the smaller eye, in hay- 
ing the eye placed well above the mouth and above the axis of the 
body, in the high position of the pectoral fin, in the higher dorsal and 
anal, and in the coloration. Originally known from one specimen in 
Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, 20 inches long, taken at 
the mouth of Pearl Harbor, Oahu, by Mr. Hiel Kapu, and sent to 
Stanford University by Mr. Charles B. Wilson. A second example 
about + inches long was secured by the senior author at Honolulu 
during the summer of 1901. 

It is rarely taken in Japan. In a collection of old paintings belong- 
ing to Count Daté, examined by us in Sendai, is a fine colored figure of 
this species with the legend in Japanese, ** Off the Sea of Akabane in 
Mikawa by Sokichi Minake.” The picture was made about 1850. 
The coloration is rather more spotty than in the type of Ranzania 
makua. 

(Makua, the native name of the fish, meaning ‘‘the source from 
which the Bonito and the Albacore sprung in ages past.”’) 


RECAPITULATION. 
Suborder GYMNODONTES. 


Family I. TrropontTip®. 
1. Triodon Reinwardat. 
1. bursarius Reinwardt; Misaki. 
Family II. Trerraopontip®. 
2. Spheroides Lacépéde. 
§ Lagocephalus Swainson. 
2. sceleratus ( Forster). 
spadiceus (Richardson); Tokyo, Nagasaki. 
stictonotus (Schlegel); Hakodate, Misaki, Nagasaki. 
inermis (Schlegel). 
porphyreus (Schlegel). 
rubripes (Schlegel); Tokyo, Wakanoura. 
vanthopteris (Schlegel) . 
9. pardalis (Schlegel); Hakodate, Aomori, Matsushima, 
Tokyo, Misaki, Onomichi, Nagasaki. 
10. abbott: Jordan and Snyder; Tokyo. 
11. exascurus Jordan and Snyder; Misaki. 
12. ocellatus (Osbeck). 
13. alboplumbeus (Richardson); Aomori, Wakanoura, Onom- 
ichi, Tsuruga. 
14. vermicularis (Schlegel); Tokyo, Misaki, Kobe, Tsuruga, 
Nagasaki. 
15. borealis Jordan and Snyder; Otaru, Mororan, Hakodate, 
Aomori, Samé, Matsushima. 
16. niphobles Jordan and Snyder; Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, 
Tsuruga, Nagasaki. 
§ Spheroides. 


SA aaa inektce 


264 “PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX1V," 


17. richei (Fréminyille). 
18. chrysops (Hilgendorf); Tokyo, Misaki. 
3. Tetraodon Linnzeus. 
§ Tetraodon. 
19. firmamentum (Schlegel). 
§ Ovoides Duméril. 
20. aérostaticus (Jenyns); Misaki. 
21. hispidus Linneeus; Okinawa, Ishigaki. 
22. meleagris Lacépede; Okinawa. 
Family Ill. TropmicatTaHyip». 
4. Eumycterias Jenkins. 
23. rivulatus (Schlegel); Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Kobe, 
Nagasaki. 
Family IV. Diopontip&. 
5. Diodon Linneeus. 
24. holacanthus Linneeus; Misaki, Wakanoura. 
6. Chilomycterus Bibron. 
. 25. californiensis Kigenmann; Tokyo. 
Family V. Mourip. 
7. Mola Cuvier. 
26. mola (Linneeus); Tokyo. 
8. Ranzania Nardo. “eet hae 
27. makua Jenkins; Akabane. 


TWO NEW SPECIES OF ALGA OF THE GENUS BUTHO- 
TREPHIS, FROM THE UPPER SILURIAN OF INDIANA. 


By Davip WHITE, 


Custodian of Paleozoic Plants. 


The specimens which form the subject of this paper were collected 
by Mr. C. E. Newlin from the Eurypterid beds at Kokomo, Indiana, 
and were communicated by Dr. E. M. Kindle, assistant State geologist. 
The Eurypterid beds are correlated with the Rondout of Schuchert 
and Clarke, and the fossils are therefore nearly contemporaneous 
with the closely allied species Buthotrephis lesquereuxii Grote and Pitt, 
from the Waterlime of western New York. 

The original of Plate XVI, Buthotrephis newlinz, is in the Paleo- 
zoic plant collection of the U. S. National Museum. The type of B. 
divaricata, Plate XWI, is in the private collection of Mr. Newlin in 
Irvington, Indiana. 

The characters of the specimens in hand will first be described before 
entering upon a discussion of the nature or affinities of the genus 


Buthotrephis. 


BUTHOTREPHIS DIVARICATA, new species. 
(Plate X VI.) 


Fronds very openly fasciculate from a broad attachment; lamina 
relatively broad, sinuately curved, two or three times dichotomous, 
beginning near the base, the distance between the bifurcations being 
about three times the width of the lamina, which is of nearly equal 
breadth at all points; divisions and lobes divaricate, usually at a wide 
angle, and outward curved; lobes rounded or round-truncate at the 
apex, which is slightly denser; carbonaceous residue thin, rugulose 
or minutely granulose, and marked, especially along the medial por- 
tion, by very delicate, irregularly, but more or less obliquely, arranged 
trichomatose or filamentose (4) impressions. 

The aspect and general features of this well-marked species are well 
shown in the photographic illustration, Plate XV1, which represents 
the only specimen of this type communicated. The most salient char- 
acters are the divaricate position of the subdivisions of the frond at 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIV—No. 1255. 


266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


the frequent and equal dichotomies; the continuity in width of the 
lamina, which is without a central axis or strand; and the very obtuse, 
slightly thickened apices. The greater density or more compact 
organization of the latter is shown by the slight increase of the car- 
bonaceous residue. In many of the lobules the impressions seem to 
indicate groups of compressed, nearly contiguous, globular bodies, the 
largest of which, shown in the upper portion of the figure, attain a 
diameter of about 2mm. These globules (4%), of varying size, appear 
in some cases to occupy nearly the entire apex of the lobe. The 
impressions, which are less distinct in passing downward along the 
center of the lobe, are at best a little vague. It is possible that they 
are due only to the mode of cleavage in the denser carbonaceous resi- 
due; but it seems probable that they owe their presence to differences 
in the composition of the lamina. They are suggestive of the sporan- 
gia in the lobes of the living /weus. 


BUTHOTREPHIS NEWLINI, new species. 
(Plates XVII, X VIIL.) 


Fronds fasciculate from a rather thick, scarcely axial base; the 
divisions forking generally distantly, but equally or nearly so, or 
sometimes subfasciculately, at a moderate or wide angle, the lobes 
often linear, sometimes terminally bifurcated, obtusely rounded and 
denser at the apex; lamina of nearly constant width, though narrow- 
ing slightly for a distance below each bifurcation; texture slightly 
rugose, marked by irregular, very slender, intermingled and tangled tri- 
chomatose or filamentose elements, those near the center being: coarser, 
often threadlike, and more or less longitudinal in their arr angement. 

This species has much in common with Buthotrephis lesquereuxii 
Grote and Pitt, from which it is distinguished by its narrower and 
much more frequently forking divisions, the divisions of the latter 
species being much elongated and very distantly forked. 

The trichomanose or rather coarsely tomentose character is distinctly 
visible in the impression of the lower portion of the plant as well 
as at the apices of the lobes. In the lower portion of the frond it 
appears to be produced by a tangle of filaments suggestive of the 
texture of felt cloth, although those nearer the middle of the lamina 
are coarsest. A similar texture is seen in DButhotrephis lesquereuxt’ 
and, with finer filaments (7), in B. d/varicata. In the lower part of 
the main division on the right in Plate XVII some of the coarse 
fibroid filaments (7) are by the aid of a weak lens clearly seen on the 
surface of the carbonaceous residue. No trace of fructification is 
recognizable. 

The fragment illustrated in Plate XVIII is here regarded as a more 
delicate or perhaps younger example of the B. newlini, although the 
more slender proportions of the divisions and the more delicate texture 
possibly merit a varietal distinction. The surface is of the same 


ee 


NO. 1255. NEW SPECIES OF ALGA— WHITE. 267 


general character as that of the original of Plate XVII. In portions 
of the impression it presents a slightly irregularly woven or cloth-like 
mesh strikingly suggestive of the spongy composition of the living 
Codium. 

The genus Buthotrephis was described in 1847 by Hall' as an alga 
characterized by ‘‘ Stems subecylindrical or compressed, branched; 
branches numerous, divaricating, leaf-like; structure vesicular?” The 
species Buthotrephis antigua,’ from the Calciferous sandstone at Chazy, 
New York, generally cited as the type of the genus, is a distinctly 
algoid form with a narrow, flattened lamina, irregularly branching at 
a wide angle along the imperfectly defined axis, and dichotomous in 
the upper part, with more or less acute, narrowly lanceolate or sub- 
faleate lobes or ultimate divisions. Luthotrephis gracilis, the form 
described by Hall® as typical of the genus, resembles a linear-leaved 
Potamogeton. It presents an axial development, although the divi- 
sions fork and are slightly recurved. 

In form, aspect, and even in their supposed vesicular structure the 
Kokomo types appear undoubtedly to belong to the group of narrow 
forms originally included by Hall, on the basis of their superficial 
characters, in Buthotrephis. It is, however, understood by all pale- 
ontologists that the discovery of the reproductive organs in the vari- 
ous species of this artificial genus may necessitate their ultimate 
reference to more than one family as well as to several genera. Of 
Halls species, that most closely resembling the plants in hand is the 
B. succulens* from the Trenton at Glens Falls, New York. The latter 
agrees in its dichotomizing fronds, lax habit, nearly constant width of 
the lamina in passing upward, and the blunt apices of the lobules, 
though differing, especially from 4. divaricata, by the more distant 
bifurcations, and the less divaricate position of tie branches and lobes, 
while the latter are terete and less truncate. The enlarged apices of 
B. newliné suggest the B. impudica Hall,’ from the Clinton, though 
the same feature is slightly apparent in L. palmata, whose general 
plan recalls that of B. divaricata. Buthotrephis subnodosa Hall,’ from 
the Hudson River group, like the B. gracilis has a somewhat elon- 
gated or axial form of development,’ though the lateral divisions are. 
dichotomous. 

Of all the species as yet ascribed to this genus that which seems to 
be most closely related to the fossils in hand is the Buthotrephis les- 


1Paleeontology of New York, I, p. 8. 

*Idem., I, p. 8, pl. ii, fig. 6. 

2Tdem-. Ip: 625 pl) xxi fies 1: 

*Idem., I, p. 62,.pl. xxii, fig. 2. 

*Tdem,, U1, p. 20;, pl. vi; fig: 2. 

STdem., I, p. 262, pl. Ixviii, fig. 3. 

7Certain of the elongated forms of the genus might with convenience in classifica- 
tion be set apart as a distinct section. 


268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


quereuxi? described by Grote and Pitt" from the Waterlime near 
Buffalo, New York. 

The examination of specimens of this species in the collections of 
the U. S. National Museum shows it essentially to differ from B. 
newlini only by its more robust, linear, and more rarely forked divi- 
sions. The texture is of precisely the same character, though the 
filamentous (4) elements are less distinct. 

On account of the relatively large amount of carbonaceous residue 
and the slightly rugose or vesicular texture, which is in strong con- 
trast to the delicate film, smooth impression, noncarbonaceous cast, or 
the coralline residue of most fossil alge, those forms with the charac- 
ters of the types in hand or of Buthotrephis lesquereuxii are regarded 
by many paleontologists as probably representing sponges. Neither 
of the specimens described above, which have been submitted to a num- 
ber of experts” in Paleozoic invertebrate paleontology, nor the exam- 
ples of the species last mentioned, appear to reveal a sponge structure 
or the normal occurrence of sponge spicules. The evidence in support 
of a sponge relationship for these organisms appears therefore to lie 
in their dense, apparently vesicular texture, and their occurrence in 
distinctly marine beds and in association with a marine fauna. 

It is not the purpose of the writer to strenuously urge that these 
fossils are marine aleve, although he believes them to be such. The 
evidence, or perhaps to speak more accurately, the circumstances 
which point toward a place for these types among the marine alge are: 
(2) The marine habitat; (4) the typically algoid form of development 
and growth, and (c) the aspect of the residue. All of these features may 
pertain to a fossil sponge; yet the absence of a regular sponge struc- 
ture, and especially the lack of spicules in these well-preserved speci- 
mens, argues somewhat strongly against a reference to a sponge group. 
Without such characters these fossils can not safely be referred to that 
class of organisms. On the other hand, the reference of the forms 
from the Waterlime to the alge can not be conclusively demonstrated, 
since neither the histology nor the fructification is known. Evidence 
of this class, though most important, is, however, wanting in most of 
the fossil types whose thalassophytic nature is generally admitted, 
although the immediate systematic classification of the latter is usually 
artificial and largely conjectural. 

There are many types of living alge representing various genera 
and even families with which the Buthotrephis group may with interest 
be compared. One of these which, in the judgment of the writer, 


1Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist., III, 1876, p. 88. 

2 The thanks of the writer are due to Mr. Charles Schuchert, of the U. 8. National 
Museum, and Mr. E. O. Ulrich and Dr. George H. Girty, of the U. $. Geological 
Survey, for their courtesy in examining the fossils from Kokomo with a view to the 
detection of sponge characters. 


No. 1255, NEW SPECIES OF ALG A—WHITE. 269 


demands most consideration is the genus Cod/win Stackhouse, to which 
reference has already been made in the description of Buthotrephis new- 
lint. In Codium we find sponge-like fronds which may be simple or 
branched, and which are composed of a mass or plexus of innumerable 
slender, inextricably tangled or interwoven and irregularly branched 
unicellular filaments whose ramules form the surface of the frond. 
Near the center of this mass of curled and branched filaments which 
gives form to the frond, the individual filaments are often threadlike 
and sometimes largely longitudinal. The more or less club-shaped 
ramuli radiate outward and are contiguous, though not united, so as 
to constitute the periphery of the frond. The fructification of Cod/win 
is contained in oval or ovate sporangia laterally situated near the 
bases of the ramules. It is hardly to be expected that such sporangia, 
enshrouded by ramules, would be discernible in carbonized and com- 
pressed specimens except by a most favorable accident of preservation. 
The analogy between the impression of or the residual surface of the 
spongoid Buthotrephis and the texture of Cod/um is forcibly sugges- 
tive: and although the stronger, apparently central, filaments (/) of 
B. newlini (Plate XVII, a) are coarser than any to be seen in such 
specimens of the dried Codium tomentosum as the writer has had for 
examination, the comparison of the specimens can hardly fail to raise 
the question as to whether the general structure and nature of the 
organisms are not essentially the same. In some species of Codiui 
the filaments are often somewhat regularly meshed, so that the surface 
suggests a loosely though irregularly woven cloth-like structure. It 
is worthy of mention that in (/dotea Lamouroux, which stands next to 
Codium in the Codiacew, the frond bears a calcareous incrustation, while 
in Halimeda Lamouroux, another genus of the same family, we find a 
false epidermis, though the filamentose internal composition of the 
plant is like that of the other genera of the family. 

It is not the object of this discussion to argue that the Buthotrephis 
types under consideration are to be conclusively regarded as belong- 
ing to or, at least, as closely allied to the Codiwm group of the Siphon- 
ous Chlorophycee (green alge), or even that they are indisputably 
proven to be alge; it is to call attention to the fact that we have 
among the alge, notably in the Codiaeae, types which would seem 
calculated, under favorable circumstances of fossilization, to present 
characters of form, aspect, and carbonaceous texture similar to and 
perhaps essentially the same as those of Buthotrephis. The specimens 
in hand appear, so far as their characters are revealed, to conform to 
and to be admissible to the alge, there being no inherent evidence to 
the contrary.’ A reference of these forms to the sponges would there- 


1Tt is possible that a slight calcareous envelope, comparable to that of Udotea, 
might assist in preserving both the form and the substance in the algee of this group. 


270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


fore appear, in the absence of distinctive sponge characters, to be 
unwarranted at present. 

It may not be improper in this connection to add that certain of the 
organisms generally though doubtfully ranged with the Graptolites 
might be more at home among the alge.* 

Among other living algze whose form is comparable to that of 
Buthotrephis, though agreeing less closely in texture, the genus Lza- 
gora (L. corymbosa J. Agardh) may be mentioned, while among the 
fossil types fronds resembling in a general way those under consider- 
ation are found among the abundant Eocene species of Chondrites, 
some of the remains of which are rather densely carbonaceous.’ 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES XVI-XVIII. 
BUTHOTREPHIS FROM THE EURYPTERID (RONDOUT) BEDS AT KOKOMO, INDIANA. 


PuaTeE XVI. 


Buthotreph's divaricata David White. Natural size. Collection of C. E. Newlin, 
Irvington, Indiana. 
° PuaTe XVII. 


Buthotrephis newlini David White. Natural size. a. Enlarged detail showing fila- 
mentose texture (x4). Collection of the U. 8. National Museum. Cat. No. 8175, 
U.S.N.M. 

Puate XVIII. 


Buthotrephis newlini David White. Form with narrow thalli. Natural size. Col- 
lection of C. E. Newlin, Irvington, Indiana. 


1The texture of the forms from Kokomo and the Buffalo Waterlime appears to haye 
much in common with some of the specimens now resting in or near Jnocaulis. 
2See Chondrites dolichophyllus Squinabol, Contrib. Fl. foss. Terz. Liguria, pt. 1, 
' Alghe, pl. B. 


XXIV PL. XVI 


VOL. 


AS, 


PROCEEDING 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


S. 


U. 


BUTHOTREPHIS DIVARICATA DAVID WHITE. 


7/0 


> 


SEE PAGE 


PLATE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF 


Ree a ee 


PL. XVII 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


S. 


U. 


‘OZZ 3DWVd 33S 3lvid 40 NOILVNV1dx3 HO4 


"SLINM GIAVG INITMSN SIHdSJYLOHLNG 


XVIII 


XXIV PL. 


VOL. 


IS; 


PROCEEDIN( 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


"OL¢ 3DVd 35S 3LV1d JO NOILYNV1dx3 yO4 


"SLIHMA GIAVG INITMSN 


SIHdSYLOHLNG 


THE FOSSIL FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF THE COLORADO 
DESERT, THEIR DISTRIBUTION, ENVIRONMENT, AND 
VARIATION. 


By Roserr E. C. Srearns, Ph. D., 


Honorary Associate in Zoology. 


On turning to any authentic map it will be seen that the great 
range of the Sierra Nevada, as it approaches the south, makes a rather 
abrupt divergence in a westerly direction, between latitudes 35> 30’ 
and 36° 30’. Here also it throws out a great spur which, after extend- 
ing for a considerable distance toward the east in a nearly easterly 
and westerly course, then deflects in its main mass toward the south- 
east, with broad flanks, finally breaking down into hills of greater or 
less elevation. These lower and somewhat detached portions reach 
the westerly margin of the Colorado River in the vicinity of Fort 
Yuma. This, the main spur, is known as the San Bernardino range, 
and the northerly (east and west section) is called the San Gabriel 
range, though topographically a part of the other. The rocky ram- 
parts of the San Gabriel Mountains separate the depressed levels on 
the south from the more elevated plains of the Mojave desert. On 
the west, facing the westerly slopes of the San Bernardino range, are 
the San Jacinto Mountains, a part of the Peninsular range, which 
extends southerly into the Mexican territory of Lower California. 

These mountain walls inclose a vast area of arid, desolate waste, the 
Colorado desert of California. Surrounded by mountains except in 
the south, and there opening out upon the head of the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia, it is seen that the desert was a portion of the old gulf which at 
some former time extended 200 miles above its present limits. The 
cause of the separation of the upper end of the former gulf, making 
what is now the Colorado desert, is so apparent that a moment’s exam- 
ination reveals it. The same agency is still operating, widening the 
space between the present gulf and the desert. Here, nearly 150 miles 
from the head of the ancient gulf, came in from the east side the Colo- 
rado River, bearing in its thick floods quicksands and the red mud 
from the great plateaus of northern Arizona. The contour of the 
country shows the gulf to have been narrow here. The filling in 
went on unceasingly as at the mouth of every great river which enters 


PrRoceepbines U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIV—No. 1256. 


rei 


272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA Ty ONAL MUSEUM. - VOL. XXIV. 


the sea at a sheltered point. The water became constantly shoaler, 
until at length the separation was complete.” The deposited material 
has steadily increased the distance between the gulf and the low bed 
of the desert, until now the division is marked by a narrow neck of 30 
or 40 miles of land but little raised above the level of the sea. 

To quote Professor Blake: If the alluvial deposits brought down 
by the Colorado River were removed, the gulf would flow inward and 
again occupy its ancient bed. When the stupendous work done by 
the Colorado River in cutting deep canyons along its course is consid- 
ered, it is easy to realize the vast quantity of detritus brought down 
and deposited by that industrious and mighty stream. 

The Colorado desert of California is only a portion of a much greater 
desert area, which extends on the easterly side of the river into western 
and southwestern Arizona, including the desert of the Gila, reaching 
for a long distance to the base of a mountain range in the Mexican 
State of Sonora, the Sierra del Nazareno (4), or spurs of that range 
outlying to the north, and on the westerly, south of the California 
boundary, an area of great extent reaches still farther to the south 
into Lower California, bordering on the gulf. 

Here, also, we find a small depressed basin, known as Lake Maquata, 
its northern end about 10 miles south of the United States boundary, 
between the Peninsular and Cocopah ranges of mountains. Its surface 
is doubtless below sea level, but the sediment deposited by the Colo- 
rado has created a sermanent barrier between it and the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. Millions of fresh-water snail and ‘‘clam” shells are strewn 
over the bed or along the former shores of the lake, sufficient evidence 
that it had once been filled with fresh water.’ In Sonora it embraces a 
large and indefinite area, of which but little is known. The northerly 
portion of the desert, that is to say, the California section, contains 
approximately 6,000,000 acres, included in the boundaries of San Diego 
and Riverside counties. To the east and northeast of the San Bernar- 
dino range, in these counties, lying between the range and the Colorado 
River, extending to the higher desert levels to the north, there is a 
region of numerous dry lakes and springs, the latter usually dry or 
intermittent, according to the seasonal rainfall. Of the desert region 
exterior to the California portion but little is known, and the Califor- 
nian area, so far as the Mollusea are concerned, has been only partially 
explored. The species we are considering have been found in many 
places quite remote from the Colorado desert. 

At the north, ranging as far as Death Valley in Inyo County, thence 
northeasterly to the shores of Sevier Lake in Utah. Turning south- 
ward, the occurrence of the Pa/udestrina in the States of Durango and 
Michoacan, Mexico, the latter region 1,800 miles south of the Colorado 
desert, may well be regarded as most extraordinary, as well as the 


'C. R. Orcutt, in West American Scientist, 1891. 


os 


No.1250. = FOSSTL vee OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEA RNS. re 


circumstances under: which the examples from this ‘remote ee ality 
were discovered. 

The southerly portion of the Great Basin, including the immense 
area from the easterly flanks of the Sierra Nevada across the State of 
Nevada to the westerly flanks of the Rocky Mountain ranges in Utah, 
is characterized by innumerable mountain ranges of varied extent, 
more or less detached or broken; with intervening valleys of a general 
desert aspect; with dry lakes and numerous springs of hot or cold, 
sweet or bitter waters, some perennial, others dry or intermittent, 
according to the precipitation of the seasons, which vary exceedingly 
when one year is compared with another; with an occasional season 
of excessive rainfall, like those of 1840, 1852, 1859, 1861-62, and sub- 
sequently, when every water course and depression was filled to over- 
flowing, and springs that had been dormant for years, their sonrces 
replenished, became active and continued to flow for months afterwards. 

In considering more particularly the Colorado desert region, we 
find that in these seasons of exceeding precipitation the more depressed 
portion becomes a lake 60 miles long and 30 wide, as in the winter 
months of 1861-62, through the inflow by the way of New River,’ a 
branch of the Colorado which enters the desert from the south, form- 
ing the so-called Salton Sea of more recent years. Aside from these 
unusually rainy seasons, which are of infrequent occurrence, thunder- 
storms” of exceeding violence, with a downpour that may be called 
torrential, often occur during the hottest weather; these are usually 
of brief duration and their waters fall upon a comparatively limited 
area. They contribute, however, to the maintenance of animal life 
and help to perpetuate such forms as we are here considering. _Atmos- 
pheric agitation at such times, as well as during the hotter weather 
in ordinary seasons, plays its part. Living and dormant individuals 
in and around the springs and pools, as well as the dead shells in their 
immediate neighborhood, are picked up by the wind and carried hither 
and thither, the greater part buried under the drifting sands, the spiral 
storms or sand Spoule atone in tae gener al displacement. 


DW her is ee nas New River”’ fad no existence Ree the year 1840, w Pen it 
broke away from the Colorado and for a time partly submerged the desert. For 
several years after a chain of lagoons remained. The same thing has probably 
occurred many times in the history of the desert. H.G. Hanks in Second Report 
of State Mineralogist of California, 1880-1882, appendix, p. 238. 

*Cloud-bursts and waterspouts, accompanied by fearful thunder and lightning, are 
of frequent occurrence. The ground near Frinks Spring and Flowing Wells stations, 
a distance of 17 miles, is cut and gullied in a most remarkable manner. In this dis- 
tance there are no less than 75 bridges and culverts on the railroad track. The 
gullies vary from 5 to 25 feet in depth and about the same in width. The banks are 
so steep and precipitous that, in walking along, one does not see the canyon until it 
yawns at one’s feet. These gullies are all caused by the rush of water from cloud- 
bursts and waterspouts. Joseph F. James in Popular Science Monthly, January, 
1882. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——18 


274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


While the winds and waters have no doubt played an important part 
in the dispersion of these and related moliuscan forms, we are not 
restricted to these agencies to explain their widespread distribution. 
At the present day we find numerous species of aquatic birds fre- 
quenting the springs, pools, and marshes or wet meadows wherever 
such places occur within tbe larger or general desert area, both north 
and south. When the present deserts were lakes or lagoons, whose 
waters covered several hundreds of square miles, and the numerous 
springs, now dry or intermittent, filled their basins to overflowing, the 
number of swimming, diving, and wading birds throughout the region 
must have been very great. In their seasonal migrations or ordinary 
flights from lake to spring or spring to lake they would unavoidably 
have carried from one place to another such individual mollusks as 
adhered to their legs or feathers, and the sticky egg masses of these pond 
snails also; it is not unreasonable to assume that these were frequently 
transported in this way over considerable or even great distances. 

It should be borne in mind that these tiny mollusks live in the midst 
of the conferva, and that the best way to obtain specimens is to col- 
lect a large quantity of this green scum-like material and spread it on 
paper in the sun, when it quickly dries up and the shells are easily 
shaken out. The carrying of these little forms from place to place is 
facilitated by the character of this vegetable growth which they fre- 
quent, as a comparatively small quantity, a little bunch of it, entan- 
gled in the feet or on the legs or among the feathers of a duck might 
contain many individuals. 

That these minute forms (/’a/udestvine) are still living in many other 
localities in the Great Desert than the few which we now know of 
seems altogether probable when we consider their inconspicuous size 
and that their shells are usually coated over with the confervoid 
growth that is generally present in and around springs. Being 
immersed in this green vegetable scum, they escape detection and are 
not likely to be seen by persons not familiar with their habits or not 
especially interested in searching for them. Wherever they do occur 
they compensate by vast numbers for lack of size, for these little 
fellows are wonderfully prolific.’ 

The evidence of lake or lagoon conditions resulting from the over- 
flow of the Colorado River in the past, is corroborated by the perpen- 


1 Some idea of the immense number of these shells on the surface of the desert may 
be derived from the following: ‘‘Wesoon noticed that the soil was, to a large extent, 
made up of minute turreted shells, so small that they could hardly be distinguished 
from the grains of sand. At certain points they were blown by the wind into wind- 
rows, and lay in vast numbers, concentrated from the sands by a natural winnow- 
ing process. These are the * * * fossils described in the Smith. Mise. Colls., 
No. 144, part 3, folio 70. * * * On my return to San Francisco I made experi- 
ments showing that it required 166,000 of these minute shells to weigh a pound.”’ 
H. G. Hanks in Second Report of State Mineralogist of California, 1880-1882, 


appendix, pp. 227-228. 


no, 1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEA RNS. Ce 


ern Pacific Railroad, as noticed by me in 1879'. This well was sunk 
to the depth of 45 or 47 feet when water was struck. The section 
showed a fine clayey sediment such as is precipitated from turbid 
waters in a sluggish or placid condition; this sedimentary deposit con- 
tained throughout examples of Paludestrina and Physas, or fragments 
of both. 

At many places in the desert occur what are known as ‘* dry bogs.’ 
These are the dried up pools of former years; they are a most danger- 
ous menace to the unwary traveler; the vegetation which the waters 
of these former basins supported, when dried, is sufficientiy strong to 
support the coating of drifted sand by which they are disguised; the 
weight of man or beast is sufficient to break through this thin crust 
and submersion is inevitable. Some idea of the number, extent, and 
character as well as of the apppearance of the desert at the time when 
these bogs were pools or lagoons, may be seen at a glance in the local- 
ity known as Flowing Springs, 40 miles west of Yuma, where many 
of these so-called springs have the area of ponds or lakelets of consider- 
able size and support a luxuriant aquatic vegetation. Here also may 
be seen thousands of birds of various species, swimmers, waders, ete., 
as well as land birds, and the part feathered tribes have performed in 
the distribution of these little conferva inhabiting mollusks is forcibly 
suggested. 


b) 


THE PALUDESTRINA. 


The forms under consideration were collected by the writer in 1882, 
in the immediate neighborhood of various stations along the line of 
the Southern Pacific Railroad in the Colorado desert of California. 

Favorable circumstances afforded considerable time at each of the 
places stopped at, so that a large number, many thousands, of the few 
species that are so abundant on the surface of the desert were obtained. 
The shells specially reviewed belonging to the genera Paludestrina 
and Physa, inhabit springs, pools, and the shallow, marshy borders 
of ponds and lakes; they appear to prefer quiet waters rather than 
flowing brooks or larger streams. Though classed as fresh-water 
species, they are not infrequently found in waters that are alkaline or 
saline, also in springs of a temperature as high as 100° F. The par- 
ticular species of Paludestrina mentioned has heretofore been vari: 
ously referred to the genera Amnicola, Melania, Hydrobia, and later 
to Stimpson’s genus Zryonia;” still later to Bythinella. It has been 


1 Remarks on fossil shells from the Colorado Desert, in the American Naturalist, 
March, 1879 (read before the California Academy of Sciences). 

*For Stimpson’s figure of the type of Tryonia, see fig. 29, and pp. 48 and 49 of 
Researches upon the Hydrobiinx, etc., Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection No. 
201, August, 1865. Binney’s figure in Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America, 
p. 71, Part III, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, September, 1865, does not 
represent it. 


276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXILy. 


widely distributed in the course of exchanges between conchologists 
as Tryonia; the latter genus is based on external or shell characters 
only, and upon these characters is readily separable from any of the 
numerous varieties of the much commoner form illustrated herein. 

From Flowing Springs, many miles from the railway and the station 
known by said name, I have received probably over a thousand exam- 
ples of Paludestrina since the major portion of this paper was 
written’. 

The species assigned to the first of these genera which exhibits the 
numerous varietal aspects figured below, as well as certain other forms 
hereinafter mentioned, was first detected by Prof. William P. Blake’ 
and Dr. Thomas H. Webb. It was described by Dr. A. A. Gould in 
March, 1855, as Amnicola protea, and by T. A. Conrad as Melania 
exigua, in February, 1855. Gould’s description was published first, 
therefore his name has precedence. Binney placed it in Stimpson’s 
genus 7ryonia, which error has been continued by subsequent authors, 
including the writer, who removed it in 1893 to Bythinella. 

As the numbers of the Smithsonian publications containing Binney’s 
Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America are out of print, and 
the original descriptions are accessible only to a small number of stu- 
dents, I have quoted Gould and Conrad as below from Binney.’* 


AMNICOLA PROTEA Gould. 


Shell elongate, slender, variable; whirls seven to eight, rounded, divided by a 
deep suture, simple or variously ornamented, and barred with revolving ridges and 
longitudinal folds; aperture ovate; lip continuous, simple, scarcely touching the 
penultimate whirl. Length of the largest specimen, three- 
tenths, breadth, one-tenth inch. 

From the Colorado Desert (Gran Jornada), Dr. T. H. 
Webb, W. P. Blake) 

Peculiar from its large size and slender form, though 
differing greatly in its relative proportions. It differs from 
all others in being variously sculptured with revolving 
Fic.1.—AmNicota protea. ridgesand longitudinal folds, like most Melaniw. It varies 

greatly also in the relative proportions of length and 
breadth. It isasslender as Amnicola attenuate Hald.,and much larger. Thisappears 
to be the same shell as that subsequently described by Mr. Conrad, under the name 
of Melania exigua. (Gould. ) 


MELANIA EXIGUA Conrad. 


Turreted; volutions eight, disposed to be angulated and somewhat scalariform 
above, cancellated, longitudinal lines wanting on the lower half of the body whirl; 


'The great canal system of the Imperial Company by which the waters of the 
Colorado River are in part diverted so as to irrigate hundreds of square miles of the 
desert is rapidly approaching completion. The water is already flowing in a consider- 
able portion of the system and soon a part of the sandy waste will give place to green 
and fertile fields, forming an oasis in the midst of the arid desert. 

? Pacific Railroad Reports, V, 1857, p. 332. 

3Part III, p. 70 (Tryonia). 


no. 1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. Sage 


Se Pieced: pacar Sitiptical Leceae one-fifth of an ane Jolorado 
Desert, California (Dr. LeConte). 

The specimens are numerous and of a chalky whiteness, showing that they are 
all dead shells. Said to have been found 120 miles distant from any stream passed 
on the route. 

Following Dr. Pilsbry, whose familiarity with these puzzling little 
shells entitles his conclusions to acceptance, the present status and 
synonomy should be arranged as below. 


Genus PALUDESTRINA Oprbigny. 
PALUDESTRINA PROTEA Gould (Pilsbry).! 


Plates XIX-X XI. 


= Bythinella protea GouLp (Stearns, 1893)? 

= Amnicolu protea GouLD 1855.8 

= Melania exigua Conrad, 1855.4 

= Tryonia protea GouLD (Binney et auct., 1865).° 

+ Bythinella seemani FRAUENFELD (Pilsbry, 1893)’. 

= Hydrobia seemani FRAUENFELD, 1863.6 

This species from 1854, the year of its discovery, was regarded as 
extinct until June, 1888, when Mr. C. R. Orcutt, of San Diego, col- 
lected numerous living examples in Indian or Fish Springs, some’ 15 
miles northwest of the station known as Salton, on the Southern 
Pacific Railroad. These pools and springs, of which there are several, 
varying from 10 to 20 feet across, are at the base of the San Jacinto 
Mountains. ‘They are only a few feet deep and are surrounded with 
an almost impenetrable mass of tules, canegrass, and mock willows; 
the mesquit, screw bean, and various shrubs, rushes, and sedges form 
the bulk of the wild vegetation.” The water is warm, in Mr. Orcutt’s 
judgment not under 100° F., and tastes like the water of the Dos 
Palmos Springs, 6 miles north of Salton, on the opposite side of the 
desert, at the base of the Chuckawalla or Lizard mountains. An 
analysis of the water from the latter springs showed slight traces of 
alum, soda, sulphur, and considerable salt, but not so much as to make 
it unfit for use. 
These springs are all below the present sea level about 100 feet, 


'“Tneludes Bythinella Mog. Tand. and authors generally,’’ Pilsbry in Gaeloene of 
Amnicolidze of the Western United States, Nautilus, March, 1899, pp. 121-127. 

* Report on the Land and Fresh-Water Shells collected in California and Nevada 
by the Death Valley Expedition, North American Fauna No. 7, Part II, U.S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, May, 1893, p. 278. 

* Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., V, p. 129, March, 1855; Otia, 217. 

* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, p. 265, February, 1855. 

® Land and Fresh-Water Shells of North America, Part III, Smithsonian Miscel- 
laneous Collections, No. 144, September, 1865, p. 72. 

° Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Jahrgang, 
1863, p. 1025. 


278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


judging from the fact that Salton, lying in the depression between 
Dos Palmas and Indian Springs, is reported to be 250 feet below the 
sea level from actual measurements. These springs and pools, like 
those before named, are surrounded by a luxuriant growth of cane 
grass, tules, etc., and the mesquit, screw bean, and other trees of 
the same order occur in great numbers. Specimens from this place, 
presented by Mr. Orcutt, are contained in the National Museum 
(No. 104886). 

Orcutt’s discovery was followed, in 1891, by the detection of living 
examples far to the north in Saratoga Springs, Inyo County, where 
Mr. EK. W. Nelson collected several hundred, and a large number were 
collected in a marsh near the springs by Mr. Vernon Bailey. These, 
also, are warm springs, situated in the extreme southeast end of Death 
Valley, near the bend of the Armagosa River, so called (usually noth- 
ing more than a dry wash), at an altitude of 352 feet. The valley is 
the deepest depression in North America, being 480 feet below the 
level of the sea. The geographical range,as.shown by dead or semi- 
fossil examples, is far greater and most extraordinary, extending from 
the shores of Sevier Lake, in middle Utah, as seen by Dr. H. C. Yar- 
row’s collection in 18727 (U.S. N. M., No. 73960), to Andocutira, in the 
State of Michoacan, Mexico. From the latter locality examples were 
sent to the National Museum (No. 73908) by Prof. A. Dugés some years 
ago, with the following interesting note: 

““Ces mollusques ont été trouvés dans une fourmiliere 4 Andocutira, Etat de 


Michoacan. La personne qui me les a remis pense qu’ils proviennent d’une ancienne 
formation lacustre, aujourd’ hui couvert par des terrains postérieurs.”’ ? 


1 Explorations and surveys of Lieut. G. M. Wheeler, U. 8. A., V, p. 498; also 
G. W. Tryon, in Proce. Acad. Nat. Science, Phila., May 1, 1873, or to Dr. H. C. Yarrow’s 
collection. 

Mr. Call, in his interesting paper on the recent and fossil shells of the Great Basin, 
has not credited this form to either of the ancient lake areas. Attention is directed 
to Bulletin No. 11 of the U.S. Geological Survey (1884), which contains Call’s paper 
and the following from Prof. G. K. Gilbert’s introductory sketch of ‘‘The Quater- 
nary lakes,’’ ete.: 

“In the northern portion of the Great Basin there were two large water bodies; 
the one, Lake Bonneville, covering the Great Salt Lake and Sevier deserts, in west- 
ern Utah; the other, Lake Lahontan, occupying a group of communicating valleys in 
western Nevada.”’ 

The elevation of Pyramid Lake is given by Gannett as 4,890 feet, and Sevier Lake, 
by the same authority, is 4,600 feet above sea level. 

? With these shells from Professor Dugés there was a single example (U.S. N. M. 
No. 73907) of the very rare and little known Valvata humeralis, collected by Thomas 
Say in Mexico, and described by him nearly three-quarters of a century ago in the 
New Harmony Disseminator of Useful Knowledge, II, No. 16, August 12,1829. See 
Binney’s Bibliography of North American Conchology, 1863, part 1, p. 204. 

The foregoing is the third instance that has come under my observation of 
important though indirect assistance rendered by the lower animals in furnishing 
biological and geological data. 


no.1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 279 


Here we find the southerly range extending 1,800 miles from the 
Colorado desert, as before mentioned, and the occurrence of this form 
is corroborated and its presumable wide dispersion in that country 
shown by Frauenfeld’s examples from Durango. ‘The Michoacan and 
Durango shells, like the Death Valley specimens, belong to the smooth 
rariety which occurs with the other varietal facies in the Colorado 
region of California. 

This smooth form has recently been detected by Dr. Pilsbry* in some 
fluviatile débris from South Spring Creek, near Roswell, New Mexico. 

Orcutt’s Fish Spring examples are finely granulose. Iam further 
indebted to Mr. Orcutt for several specimens, recently received, that 
were detected by him living in the Dos Palmas Springs. The Dos 
Palmas shells vary from individuals with a smooth surface to those 
that are sculptured by fine revolving threads. 

The Sevier Lake (middle Utah) specimens collected by Dr. Yarrow 
in 1872 are so much weathered as to efface the sculpture. It should 
be borne in mind, however, that the Yarrow specimens are so few in 
number that it would be quite unsafe to assume that many other 
varietal aspects do not occur at the Bonneville localities.’ 

The collection made by me in 1882, now in the U. S. National Mu- 
seum, included some 40,000 examples of Paludestrina from the surface 
of the desert at the localities known as Indio, Walters, Dos Palmas, 
and Volcano Springs. These stations are all within the great depres- 
sion, being, respectively, 20, 195, 253, and 225 feet below sea level. 
At these places several hundred specimens of the pond snails P/ysa 
were collected, as well as a few examples of Paludestrina longinqua 
(= Amnicola longinqua Gould), for which no special search was made. 
A dwarfed aspect of Vuminicola (columbiana) occurs occasionally, 
and two or more species of Planorbis are met with, but the absence 
of any form of the genus Z7amnea is noteworthy. 

In considering the principal varietal features of P. protea, we may 
conveniently group them as follows: 


VARIATION IN FORM. 


First. It is seen that some individuals are much more attenuated than 
others. In certain instances the shells are quite robust as compared 
with length, the basal whorl being conspicuously larger and forming 
nearly two-thirds of the total length as compared with five-ninths or 
much less than one-half in other specimens. In diameter the extremes 
are as 13 to 20. 


Nautilus, XIII, November, 1899, p. 79. 

2 P. protea was not detected by Call in the Lahontan region, its place being appar- 
ently taken by Pyrgulopsis nevadensis, which, though not found in the Lahontan 
beds, occurs in countless thousands living in Pyramid Lake as well as in Walkers 
Lake (dead only?). 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Second. The convexity or angulation of the whorls is another marked 
feature. This, it will be seen, is exhibited in various degrees, by com- 
paring figs. 1-4 with 7, 9, 12, and others, until the extreme of angula- 
tion and tabulation is reached, as in examples 8 and 11, where, as in 
the latter, the flattening of the upper part of the whorls is remarkably 
uniform and produces a turreted effect. Both 8 and 11 are exceedingly 
rare varieties, only one of each in the many thousands of specimens 
_ critically examined. 

Third. The aperture or mouth, it will be noticed, is quite variable, 
both in shape and size, often small, as in fig. 14; the edges simple or 
thin, generally continuous; again more or less thickened or flattened 
and flaring, as in figs. 6, 12, and 14; sometimes closely appressed to 
the basal whorl, frequently barely touching, and often free or not 
touching it. These latter aspects suggest an umbilicus, as in fig. 13, 
but the gap is only superficial. In fig. 10 it will be seen the lip is not 
continuous. The aperture may be round, or very nearly so, rounded 
ovate, ovate or angulated ovate, as in fig. 11. The length of the 
aperture and its position as related to the axis of the shell varies in 
different examples. Compare 9, 11, and 12 with 1, 3,5, and10. In 
11 there is a sinuous curving callous or fold in the umbilical region 
just above the mouth. 

Gould remarks in his description of protea: ‘It varies greatly 
* * * in the relative proportions of length and breadth.” He also 
noticed the strength of the sutural definition; and Conrad mentions 
the general scalariform aspect which is so strikingly exhibited in 
many of the examples, whether plain or sculptured. 


VARIATION IN SCULPTURE. 


First. Plain smooth shells like figs. 1 and 2 (with convex whorls), 
from Death Valley, at Saratoga Springs (Nelson and Bailey); in the 
Mexican States of Michoacan (Dugés), and Durango (Frauenfeld); near 

Roswell, New Mexico (Tinsley-Pilsbry). The eroded Sevier Lake, Utah, 
specimens (Yarrow) may be included with the above. Then follow the 
smooth-surfaced forms, with whorls somewhat angulated on the upper 
part, as shown in fig. 6, and the unique, strongly angulated example, 
fig. 8. in this the pronounced angulation of the whorls points toward 
my species, Pyrgulopsis nevadensis of Pyramid Lake. 

Second. Spirally lirate or threaded (whorls convex), the liree more or 
less prominent, as in figs. 8and 4. All of Orcutt’s Dos Palmas Springs, 
ten living specimens are of this pattern. In fig. 9 is shown an unusally 
robust example (whorls slightly angulated above), the lire distinct, but 
much less conspicuous than in the slenderer, more strongly angulated 
and threaded fig. 10. In fig. 11 the angulation of the part of the 
whorls is extremely developed, passing into tabulation or flattening, 
producing a turreted effect, and the spiral threading numerous, closely 
set, and well defined. 


bleed ae 


No.1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 381 


Third. A connecting link between the above and the cancellated 
forms—that is to say, forms that are sculptured both transversely and 
longitudinally—as seen in fig. 12. Robust, angulated, spirally lirate, 
and longitudinally plicate on the third and fourth whorls from the tip 
of the apex; the eccentric character of the aperture makes this a 
unique example. In fig. 5 is presented a slenderer form with the chief 
sculpture characters of fig. 12. In this the threading of the penulti- 
mate whorl is inconspicuous, increasing in prominence on the three 
whorls above, which are also strongly ribbed longitudinally; the whorls 
are rounded above. 

Fourth. Longitudinal sculpture strongest. In all of the following 
examples the spiral sculpture is seen and is more or less conspicuous. 
This character varies, however, in figs. 6 and 14; the lire are numerous 
and closely, evenly placed; in these also the shells are slenderer, and 
the longitudinal ribs cross the spiral threading without interruption. 
In fig. 6 it will be noticed the whorls are convex, in fig. 14 somewhat 
angulated above, and the mouth in the latter is small. No. 5, in the 
third group, might be included here, perhaps, as appropriately as 
where I have placed it. 

Fifth. Cancellated and nodose sculptures are the prominent features 
in the forms here included. The whorls in all are angulated above; 
the spiral threadings vary in number, and where crossed by the 
lengthwise ribs become tuberculated or nodose. In fig. 13 is seen a 
repetition of the slenderer aspect, and in fig. 18 is shown the maxi- 
mum of robustness. On the basal whorl, close-set fine threading 
below, above a double threading is a conspicuous feature, with wider 
interspaces, which extends to the upper whorls. 

Jn figs. 15 and 16 are examples intermediate in size and other 
characters. A ventricose example is presented in fig. 17, distinctly 
but not strongly threaded with many of the features of No. 18; in 
this the longitudinal sculpture is only suggested. 

These filose, cancellated, and tuberculated varieties call to mind 
familiar forms belonging to the American Strepomatidw, which, no 
doubt, were in Conrad’s mind when he described certain aspects of 
the shells herein reviewed as J/elania exiqua. 

Orcutt’s recent examples, collected by him at the Fish Springs 
locality, contained in the U.S. National Museum (No. 104886), are not 
figured; in these the surface is finely granulose. As only a small 
number of shells from the Orcutt localities have been examined, it is 
not known whether the springs visited by Mr. Orcutt contain other 
varieties than those described. 

It will be observed that the forms from the remote localities, namely, 
Death Valley and Sevier Lake in the north, Durango and Michoacan 
in the south, and New Mexico in the east, are sculptureless; that is to 
say, are of the smooth surfaced form described by Frauenfeld. These 
Roswell, New Mexico, examples determined by Dr. Pilsbry extend the 


282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


distribution so much farther in that direction than before known as to 
warrant the expectation of the finding of ?. protea in some of its 
many varieties at intermediate localities. 

The eighteen examples figured as representatives of the many facies 
of this exceedingly variable form are connected in one character or 
another by innumerable individuals which blend or intergrade, and 
which it would be impracticable to describe. The above are numbered 
in the U. S. National Museum Register 47854, with second or index 
numbers 1 to 18, in as many tubes corresponding to the number of 
each figure as given in this paper. 

With the exception of the New Mexico and Durango localities, all 
of the others are represented in the U.S. National Museum collection. 

The occurrence in the Colorado desert of California, of the well- 
marked form described by the late Dr. Stimpson as 7ryonia clothrata 
has not been verified by any of the collections made by various parties, 
as well as myself; not a single example having been detected in the 
thousands of specimens examined. The only locality where it is defi- 
nitely known to occur is in the Pahranagat Valley, Nevada, where 
Dr. C. Hart Merriam collected a number of living specimens in a hot 
spring. The dead bleached shells collected forty years ago by Prof. 
W. P. Blake, and later by General Carlton in 1861-62, were probably 
found somewhere in the region of the Merriam locality, which is at a 
high altitude, 3,000 feet or more, in southern Nevada. There is a 
vast area between the Pahranagat and California localities practically 
unexplored; of its molluscan life scarcely anything is known. 

As to tbe causes of the extreme variation exhibited by the shells of 
this species, I will repeat what I have heretofore written by quoting 
from the ‘* Report on the Land and Fresh-Water Shells collected in 
California and Nevada by the Death Valley expedition,”' as follows: 

The suggestion that arises from the study of the forms above reviewed and the 
regions and conditions to which they are related point to the causes that induce 
variation and to the permanency of species and genera, or to the mutability of the 
same, as dependent on environmental characteristics. 

If we are warranted in assuming * * * that with a volume of 
water ample or maximum and chemical proportions as related to vol- 
ume minimum our Zryonias would be smooth, and that the smooth or 
sculptureless surface that so generally prevails in the Bythinel/as and 
related groups is, in a conventional sense, normal, then we may rea- 
sonably assume that to the opposite of these conditions, with volume 
of water variable or minimum and chemical proportions as related to 
volume of water increased or maximum, the phenomena of variation 
may be attributed. That fluctuations in volume of water in the springs, 
pools, lagoons, ete., throughout the entire desert region above described 
are occasional, if not of frequent occurrence, is well known, and in 
some years the maximum is extreme, as has been pointed out. 


‘North American Fauna, p. 280, U. 8. Department of Agriculture, 1893. 


0.1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 283 


os ——— ——— — ny 


an reviewing e the forms herein considered it will hardly be ques- 
tioned that the variation they exhibit is correlated with salinity, 
using the word as synonymous with alkalinity, or the mineral character 
of the waters in which the shells are found. In connection with the 
foregoing the suggestion arises that some of the many springs now 
obsolete contained what in common parlance may be called a distinct 
species, or shells that were characterized by a single facies of sculp- 
ture, etc. Thus, in Mr. Orcutt’s Indian or Fish Springs specimens the 
surface is finely granulose. His Dos Palmos shells are spirally threaded, 
though these aspects of sculpture are not always—that is to say, in all 
the specimens—equally conspicuous. The Saratoga Springs examples 
of the Death Valley expedition are, like those of Michoacan, Durango, 
and New Mexico, smooth surfaced. The few Sevier Lake (Utah) speci- 
mens were sculptured, but so much eroded as to obscure the character 
of the surface. Doubtless many living springs remain to be explored 
and some of these may furnish special facies of this versatile form, 
perhaps shells with the longitudinal sculpture only. With the above 
facts and suggestions before us, a coming together of these various 
forms would, it may be assumed, lead to hybridization and the phe- 
nomenal variation of P. protea be thus explained. But here we must 
remember the fact that in all of the shells from all the localities, what- 
ever may be the surface characters in the main, the apex and early 
whorls are universally smooth. 

In the several hundred specimens recently received from the Flow- 
ing Wells locality, where the bodies of water are of considerable size, 
all of the varieties are included except Nos. 8 and 11. 

From the suggestion of variation through hybridization the follow- 
ing hypothetical views as to the formation of sculpture may be 
indulged in: 

The spiral sculpture or lirate character may be due to puckering of 
the mantle upon its being withdrawn into the shell, which would cause 
an increased deposit at certain points along or upon the edge of the 
outer lip, the lirate and intermediate depressed grooving correspond- 
ing to the wrinkling of the mantle edge. In examples that show the 
thread-like ridges on some whorls and not on others we may suppose 
that the shell-forming material, or lymph, as it may be called for con- 
venience, was less abundant one time compared with another. 

Where the double system of sculpture is exhibited the forming of 
the lirate ridges was at times interrupted by a short period of rest, 
when the rim or edge of the mouth received the greater proportion 
of the secretions, thus making the thread-like sculpture secondary to 
the longitudinal for the time being. It would seem that alternations 
in the volume of lymph deposited as suggested, or from pores around 
the edge of the mantle and possibly somewhat molded or shaped by 
the foot, may furnish a hint as to the various facies of sculpture. 


284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


The character of the lymph may have something to do with sculpture. 
It quite likely varies in density one time compared with another 
according to the proportions of conchiolin or lime; with the first 
maximum, would be greater fluidity and less tendency to set, at the 
expense of diffusion or quick spreading, than when the lime factor 
dominated and made it more viscous. 

As to the proportions of the mantle and its size as related to the 
size of the mouth and other characters we have no certain knowledge. 
It may be that the edge of the mantle is thin and simple; that a series 
of pores occur that are parallel to but not quite at the edge of the 
mantle; that these pores are nearly equally spaced as to distance apart. 
In that case we may suppose the two forms of sculpture could be made 
at the same time—that is, the spiral or transverse and the longitudinal— 
the deposition from the mantle’s edge forming on the edge of the 
outer lip the longitudinal plicee and the secretions from the pores 
simultaneously deposited forming the lire. In this case any differen- 
tiation in the size of the lire—that is to say, coarseness or fineness— 
would be due to lack of uniformity in the size of the pores, and irreg- 
ularity or differences in distance apart might be attributed to the par- 
tial or absolute congestion of some of them. 

Angulation or shouldering, in some instances amounting to absolute 
distortion, as seen in asymmetry and bulging, are presumably due to 
hypertrophy of the visceral mass, especially the liver, and to entan- 
glement at some time during the period of growth in the vegetable 
matter in the midst of which they live, and the flaring of the mouth, 
as seen in fig. 12, to the close pressing to some flat surface, like a tule 
stalk or the stem of some other aquatic plant. 

The register number of the shells, figured 1 to 18 inclusive, is 
U.S.N.M. 47854. 


OTHER SPECIES OF THE AMNICOLID. 


There will generally be found in any collection of the Desert shells 
a small proportion of the following: 


PALUDESTRINA LONGINQUA Gould (Pilsbry). 


Amnicola longinqua GouLp, Proc. Boston Society Nat. History, Mar., 1855; Binney 
Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America, Part III, Smithsonian Miscellaneous 
Collections, No. 144, Sept., 1865, p. 87, fig. 173. 

In Dr. Pilsbry’s revised Catalogue of the Amnicolide, ete., he 
includes this form in the genus above named. Its presence in the 
desert is inconspicuous when compared with the vast numbers of 
P. protea. ‘Those factors in the environment to which is apparently 
attributable the variability of 7. protea, do not seem to affect 
P. longinqua, tor all of the shells in the latter have a smooth unsculp- 


/ 


xo.1%56. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEA RNS 285 


tured si surface. This little species is widely distributed: it occurs not 
only in the Colorado desert in a semifossil state, 
but throughout the Great Basin, living and dead, 
as follows: Upper Lahontan beds at south end of 
Winnemucca Lake, and at Buffalo Springs (Call); 
Nevada and Utah (Hemphill); Bear Lake and 
Utah Lake (Hayden, Putnam); Southeastern 
Oregon (Gabb); at Campo and Springs in Cuya- 
maca Mountains, San Diego Co.(Hemphill); Indio 
aa other localities in Colorado desert (Stearns). 
. Gould’s Bpeemens were collected in the 

ae Grande” by Prof. William P. Blake, 
of the Pacific Railroad surveys. 

Dr. Pilsbry regards Bythinella intermedia sh Sora rn apes 
Tryon, asa synonym and speaks of 2. /onginqgua' 
as ‘* extremely variable, * * * often incorrectly identified.” 
[U.S.N.M. No. 104885. | 


FLUMINICOLA COLUMBIANA (Hemphill) Pilsbry. 


Fluminicola columbiana Pitssry, Nautilus, XII, No. 11, March, 1899, p. 125. 
Fluminicola nuttalliana var. columbiana HemMPHILi manuscript. 


Columbia River, near Wallula and near mouth of Snake River in 
southwest Washington; Snake River near Weiser, western Idaho (Hemp- 
hill). Colorado desert, semifossil (Stearns). 

A single example was detected by me while 
examining the 40,000 examples of 2. protea, 
etc. Ihad labeled it / nuttalliana. Itagrees 
so well with Dr. Pilsbry’s description of 7 
columbiana that I have no doubt it belongs to 
that species. [U.S.N.M. No. 3847. ] 

The following forms collected by the Death 
Valley Expedition in L891 were first made 
known in the report of said expedition pub- 
eee en Hoch, lished in 1893." As the report has long since 

NA ( phill). 
been out of print and many persons interested 
in the study of the mollusca have never seen the descriptions or 
figures, it is thought advisable to republish them in this connection, 
although the shells have not as yet been detected in that portion of 
the Great Desert to which ie Epes in the main refers. 


1The foe (173) in Binney is so very poor that te species eonia hardly be deter- 
mined by it. The figures in the text numbered 2 and 3 are by Dr. McConnell. The 
latter form has not been figured before. 

2North American Fauna No. 7, Part I, U. 8. Dept. Agriculture, pp. 269 to 283. 

Through the courtesy of the Hon. James Wilacu, Secretary of Agriculture, and the 
kindness of Dr. C. Hart Merriam, chief of the Biological Survey of above Department, 
I am able to present the figures of these species. 


286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


AMNICOLA MICROCOCCUS Pilsbry. 


Shell minute, globose, with short conic spire and narrow umbil- 
icus. Whorls 33, convex, especially below the sutures, the apex very 
obtuse. Surface smooth, light olive colored. Aperture 
ovate, about half the length of the entire shell, bluntly 
angulated above; the inner lip is either free from the 
preceding whorl or in contact only at the upper part. 

Alt. 1.5, diam. 1.3 mm. 

A smaller species than A. granum Say, with oval 
Fig.4.—AMNICOLA instead of round aperture and shorter spire. 

MICROCOCCUS , r - 
(Pilsbry). Type from small spring in Oasis Valley, Nevada 
(U.S.N.M., No. 123622), by Dr. C. Hart Merriam, June, 
1891. Collected also in Death Valley by Nelson and Bailey, February 
4,1891 (U.S.N.M., No. 123904). 

Several examples of this interesting little shell were detected as 

above. 


FLUMINICOLA MERRIAMI Pilsbry! and Beecher. 


Shell small, globose turbinate, narrowly but distinctly and deeply 
umbilicated. Spire low conic, acute; whorls four, slightly shouldered 
below the sutures, the upper lateral portion rather flattened, periphery 
and base convex. Surface smooth, horn-colored. 
Aperture oblique, ovate, angled above, broadly 
rounded below; upper portion of the inner lip 
adherent to the body whorl, lower portion arcu- 
ate, without a callous thickening. 

Alt. 3, diam. 24 mm. 

This species differs from /. fusca Haldeman in 
the much more distinct umbilicus, thin texture, 
and the nonthickened lip. 

Collected from a warm spring (temperature 97° ina gee een 
F.) in Pahranagat Valley, Nevada, by Dr. C. Hart ast (pitspry ana Beecher), 
Merriam, May 25, 1891 (U.S.N.M., No. 123626). 

Dr. Merriam detected in the same spring numerous living examples 
of the long-sought-for Zryonia clathrata Stimpson, previously known 
only by dead or semifossil examples collected by Prof. William P. 
Blake in 1855 and General Carlton in 1861-62. It is quite evident 
that the term ‘‘Colorado desert,” as used in connection with the 
Blake-Carlton shells, included a much larger part of the Great Basin 
than is now understood when the ‘‘Colorado desert” is mentioned. 
Attention is again called to the figure ‘139, Tryonta clathrata,” as 
given in Binney,” which does not represent Dr. Stimpson’s shell; for 


1 The Nautilus, V, Apr., 1892, p. 143; also XII, Mar., 1899, p. 121 et seq. 
2 Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, No. 144, p. 71, Sept., 1865. 


no.126. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 287 


a proper figure see the last author’s Researches upon the Hydrobine,' 
etc., page 48. 
DHE PREY SAS. 


Associated with Paludestrina and scattered far and wide over the 
desert in immense numbers are various forms of Physa. Though less 
numerous than the former, they are particularly abundant in the 
depressed portion (below sea level) from Indio to Voleano Springs, 
their larger size making them far more conspicuous. The desert is 
strewn in like manner with the dead shells of ?/anorbis and Anodonta, 
far to the south, along the course of New River especially. This dis- 
tribution extends to the ‘‘dry lake,” the before-mentioned Laguna 
Maquata, south of the United States boundary line, where Mr. Orcutt 
observed ‘‘along the bottom of 
the lagoon numerous examples 
of the same species of Physa, 
Planorbis, and Anodonta” that 
are found at the north. He also 
mentions the occurrence of cer- 
tain marine shells, Zagelus and 
Cylichna. The first of these, 
as well as a single example of 
Ocinebra poulsoni Nuttall, were 

3 Fic. 6.—ANODONTA CALIFORNIENSIS (Lea), somewhat 
collected by me near Indio. seanced: 

Regarding the large anorbis 
ammon Gould, Mr. Orcutt found it ‘tabout equally abundant 
in a fossil state with Physa humerosa.” At the stations where I col- 
lected both P. ammon and P. gracilentus Gould (4 = P. liehmanna 
Dunker) wére apparently scarce. So also with Puludestrina longinqua 
(= Amnicola longinqua) Gould. 

The surface of the desert in the neighborhood of these localities and 
for miles beyond those visited by me is covered with the glittering 
fragments of Anodonta californiensis Lea, which form a noticeable 
feature of the region, as seen from the moving cars. Perfect valves 
are frequently met with. 

Probably there is no area of equal extent on the face of the earth 
where such an immense number of shells of the genera above named 
may be seen. Millions of the tiny shells of Paludestrina, with their 
varied and beautiful sculpture and the countless thousands of many 
species and varieties of Physa, indicate this region above all others 
that are known as the metropolis of these groups and prove that the 
environmental conditions throughout this vast territory must have 
been preeminently conducive to their multiplication and development. 

While the Physas of the desert, as before remarked, are, as a whole, 
rather above the average of their congeners elsewhere in point of size, 


* %* 


1Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, No. 201, Aug., 1865. 


288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


the maximum of development in this direction is farther to the south, 
as shown by the fine, large, highly polished shells of the west Mexi- 
can species P. (Aplexa) aurantia Carpenter, of Mazatlan. This form, 
which the author remarks as ‘‘not common” at that place, sometimes 
measures nearly an inch and a half in length.’ As Limnwa stagnalis 
and L. megasoma of more northerly latitudes exhibit the culmination in 
size of the Limnwida, so in the south does P. aurantia of the Physide. 

That several species of Z/mnea occur at numerous localities in the 
Great Basin to the north, at various elevations from 1,300 to 4,000 feet? 
and upward, and eastward in Arizona at Tucson, elevation 2,300 feet, 
to the higher altitude of Walker Lake, in the San Francisco Moun- 
tains, 8,250 feet, and (L. budimozdes) still nearer, both in distance and 
altitude, at Daggett, on the Mojave River, in the Mojave Desert, 2,000 
feet, points to the thermal factor of the lower levels in this region as 
the uncongenial feature which excludes Zimnwa from the desert. 
Thus Z. humilis becomes a mountain species in the Sierra Laguna of 
Lower California, and other species of the genus occur to the south- 

vard not far from the coast, at lower levels, within reach of the cool 
winds and fogs of the Pacific. Evidence is not wanting to show that 
depauperation in the Z7mncea is coincident with high thermal] condi- 
tions,’ where such temperatures are continuous or prevail the greater 
part of the year. 

In considering the Physas of Indio and other desert localities, a 
glance at Plate V shows many forms that are familiar to students of 
North American Limnophila. To facilitate comparison, on Plate IV 
are presented several figures from Binney * of described species from 
regions both north and south of the desert. With the distributive 
agencies previously indicated in mind, it may be well to turn to these 
forms and note the localities at which they were detected. Call credits 
P. qyrina, which he suggests is a variety of P. heterostrepha, to the 
Upper Bonneville beds, near Salt Spring Creek, and the variety 
P. dliptica, to Warm Spring Lake, near Salt Lake City, both places 
in Utah. Of the latter he says it occurs ‘‘abundantly and of large 
size.” The same author remarks of P. heterostropha that it has not 
been found in the lake beds of either Bonneville or Lahontan, but is 
abundant as a semifossil on the surface of Sevier Desert. Both 
P. heterostropha and P. gyrina were found living by the Death Valley 
expedition at many places in the Great Basin much farther south than 
the Lahontan and Bonneville regions. LP. heterostropha was collected 


1Over a hundred were obtained by me at Acapulco in 1868. [R. E. C. 8.] 

2Mr. Vernon Bailey collected L. palustris in the Uintah Mountains in acreek at an 
elevation of 10,000 feet. 

’ Doubtless great extremes of temperature in either direction are detrimental to 
the existence of these forms. 

4QTand and Fresh Water Shells of North America, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- 
lections, No. 148, Part II, 1865. 


no.1256 FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 289 


by Mr. Vernon Bailey among moss *‘ in an irrigation ditch” at Phoenix, 


Arizona, and by the same party at Magdalena, northwestern Mexico, 
‘‘in a similar situation.” It has been reported from other places in 
Mexico, as well as from Hot Springs, Lower California, where it was 
detected by H. and C. R. Orcutt in 1882. 

P. lord: ** is vare as a fossil; it does not occur living in the Bonne- 
ville Basin; a few examples have been found on the surface of the 
Sevier Desert.” 

For the distribution of the following I quote Dr. Cooper’s catalogue." 
°° P. gabhi, northern California to Lower California. * * * P., 
ampullacea, Columbia River, latitude 49°, to Owens River, California. 
* * * Physa diaphana, Lake County, Cal., to Cape St. Lucas. 
Physa virginea, Oregon and northwestern California to 

Santa Barbara, Cal.” 

Call found P. ampullacea common, living in the Bonneville area; 
it is found also in the Mono Basin, California. P. gabbi was collected 
by Professor Gabb in the Santa Ana River, Los Angeles County; P. 
osculans in Devils River, Arizona (Lloyd), and at Del Rio, Rio Grande 
Valley (Bailey): PP. mexicana, *‘from Seven Wells, the Colorado 
River, and the Santa Cruz River near Tucson, Ariz., at Laguna, 20 
miles north of Campo, and at Cameron’s ranch, San Diego County, 
Cal. Some strongly shouldered specimens in a subfossil state, from 

‘the Colorado Desert, are perhaps a variety of this species, which is 
extremely variable” (Dall). Professor Dall also identifies a single 
specimen of a physoid form collected by Dr. E. A. Mearns in the drift 
of the Santa Cruz River near Tucson, Arizona, as Apleva hypnorum.” 

Physa virgata, described from specimens collected by Dr. Webb in 
the Gila River, Arizona; also occurs near San Diego and at Los Angeles, 
where I have collected numerous specimens. 

Physa distinguenda, a species with which I am not familiar, was 
reported by Mr. Orcutt as occurring in a little creek near San Diego 
in 1890. 

Of the 56 figures in Plate X XTIT, Nos. 1,2, and 3 have been made from 
a lot of 492 collected by Prof. I. C. Russell at Pyramid Lake, Nevada, 
in the extinct Lahontan Lake region. These give a fair idea of the 
differentiation of Physa humerosa from that locality, a species quite 
persistent in its main characteristics, first described from the Colorado 
Desert by Dr. Gould. The other figures represent examples forming 
a second selection from over 1,500 individuals collected by the writer, 


* % 


*Catalogue of West North American and many Foreign Shells, ete. Printed for 
the State Mining Bureau, Sacramento, April, 1894. 

* This extends the distribution of hypnorum by an immense leap to the south, its 
previous most southerly locality considered. It may possibly be shown by additional 
examples to be a long spired variety of alata, which is found in Lower California, or 
a slender aspect of nilens, a Mexican species. 


Proc hee volexxiy——0l—— 19 


290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


a first series, which exhibited the extremes and other aspects of varia- 
tion more markedly, having unfortunately been misplaced.’ 

A fair idea of the size as a whole is not given by the plate, the 
examples selected being simply to illustrate variation; they are con- 
siderably under the average. 


SCULPTURE AND SALINITY. 


The presence of sculptural characters in the Physide is of rather 
rare occurrence, though frequently met with in many species of the 
Limneide, which sometimes exhibit much diversity within quite 
limited geographical areas. While the Paludestrine of the desert are 
so conspicuous in prominence and diversity of sculpture,.the Physas, 


on the contrary, show only the usual incremental lines more or less: 


defined. The following species of Physa, as described by various 
authors,” are said to be sculptured: P. costata Newcomb, from Clear 
Take, California;* P. lordi Baird, Lake Osoyos, British Columbia; 
P. vinosa Gould, Lake Superior; P. plicata De Kay, Manhattan 
Island; P. sol/da Philippi, New Orleans. 

In all of the foregoing, excepting Dr. Neweomb’s /?. costata, the 
sculpture consists either of fine lire or indented grooving, which 
crosses the incremental striz or lines of growth. This is what I 
have called transverse sculpture. 

The elevation of Clear Lake is 1,350 feet, with an area of 80 square 
miles. It is subject to only slight fluctuations in volume. 

The incremental strie, though sometimes quite conspicuous, are 
ordinarily exceedingly fine or nearly obscure. They can only be 
regarded as sculpture in a negative sense. These are, of course, longi- 
tudinal, being parallel to the axis of the shell, or nearly so. In some 
instances ‘‘fine broken microscopic wrinkles parallel to the lines of 
growth occur,” as mentioned by Philippi in his description of /. 
mexicana. DP. philippii Kiister is described as having ‘‘ waving 
wrinkles.” 

Where these forms of sculpture are present the result is seen in a 
more or less finely decussated or reticulated surface, which may extend 
over a part or cover the entire surface of the shell, the latter rarely. 

Dr. Neweomb’s Physa costata is the only species which exhibits 
really conspicuous iongitudinal sculpture. In this regard it is a 
remarkable exception to all others of the Physidw. It is a very pretty 


1See Plate xxiv. 

*See Binney’s Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America, Part II, Smithsonian 
Miscellaneous Collections, p. 143. 

’Dr. Cooper, who collected some fifteen species of mollusks in Clear Lake, says: 
The borax, soda, alum, iron, sulphur, ete., found around the lake, do not affect the 
taste of the water, and do not seem to influence animal life except in limited spots 
where no mollusca are found, perhaps on account of subaqueous mineral springs. 
Proc. Cal. Acad. Science, IV, p. 154. 


ee 


no.1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 291 


form, with ten to fourteen regularly occurring rounded undulations 
or ribs. Hemphill’s Pompholyx costata, from near the Dalles of the 
Columbia River, has the same sculpture. 

Another sculptural aspect that is not infrequently met with is what 
has been termed malleated. 

De Kay’s P. plicata, ‘in some specimens,” exhibits ‘* distinct square 
facets.” Physa carlton Lea, from near Antioch, at the junction of 
the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, is sometimes malleated. In 
P. malleata Tryon we have another illustration. 

All of the various sculptural aspects above described occur also 
in the Limnwide, of which the following species may be named: Z. 
caperata, L. catascopium, L. columella, L. decollata, L. emarginata, L. 
élodes, L. lanceata, L. lepida, L. nuttalliana, L. palustris, L. sumassi, 
L. umbrosa, and innumerable varieties or races of the above, and in 
Call’s fossil LZ. bonnevillensis, from the quaternary of the Great Basin 
and his living Z. (fadix) ampla, var. utahensis from Lake Utah. 

It will be observed by reference to the descriptions of the many 
species of Physa herein quoted that no mention of salinity is made in 
connection with the waters in which the shells were found; the same 
remark also applies to the various species of Lémnwa above named. 
Regarding the latter we find the longitudinal, transverse’ or spiral 
sculpture, the latter either incised or produced. The malleated aspect, 
ete., in Z. ampla, and these in many and various aspects of differen- 
tiation in Limnwa emarginata, as may be seen in the National Museum 
(Cat. Nos. 123887 to 123894, inclusive). 

In the large series from Eagle Lake’ in central Minnesota, where 
neither saline or thermal conditions need to be considered, nearly all, 
if not all, of the sculptural characters that occur in the numerous 
species of Physa and Limnwa, above cited, are present, besides such 
features as relate to form and solidity. 

The partially or wholly malleated surface so often met with in the 
Limneids regardless of altitude or the salinity of the water, and less 
frequently in the Physas, is explainable by the character of the lake 
or pond bed in which these dinted forms occur. The character of the 
bottom, even ina pond of limited size, often exhibits very consider- 
able differences in the matter of compactness or density; alluvial 
mud, clayey mud, clay or sand, with fine or coarse gravel intermixed 
with fragments of aquatic plants and plant stems in varying propor- 
tions. The habits of these mollusks include, if not properly speaking 
burrowing, wallowing or submersion, and moving as they do with 
somewhat of a rotating motion, this, combined with the moderate 
impact of the surrounding matter, contribute to produce the malle- 
ated or dinted surface, which frequently exhibits a somewhat spiral 
arrangement. 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII, No. 1190. 


292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


The late Dr. James Lewis ‘‘attributed malleation to rapid growth 
in warm water, causing the shell to solidify unevenly. He also men- 
tioned apparent metamorphoses of one species into another quite dif- 
ferent. merely from change out of still canal water to that of a rapid 
brook.” 

Neither Dr. Lewis’s hypothesis nor Call’s Limnaa bonnevillensis 
and the same author’s variety wtahensis of L. ampla, the latter occur- 
ing in an environment wherein salinity is a factor, are of much value 
as bearing on the phenomena of sculpture in these and related forms 
in the face of the Eagle Lake shells before referred to and Lea’s 
Physa carltont from near Antioch, at the junction of the San Joaquin 
and Sacramento rivers in California. 


SCULPTURE AND THERMAL WATERS. 


Physa frequently occurs in thermal springs or waters far above 
their ordinary summer temperature. Dr. Lea’s P. aurea from Hot 
Springs, in Bath County, Va., included by Binney as a synonym of 
P. heterostropha, is an instance in point. Here waters of different 
temperatures come together forming a little stream—on one side of 
106°, the other, 56°. Dr. Lea made no note of sculptural differences. 
Numerous examples of another form from a hot spring in Alameda 
County, California, examined by me, showed only fine growth lines. 
Dr. Merriam’s specimens of P. gyrina from Hot Springs, Panamint 
Valley, California, ‘‘fine, large, dark-colored shells,” exhibited no 
special sculptural features, and the same may be said of Bailey’s 
examples of P. heterostropha from the same region. From the above 
we may conclude that sculptural character is not affected or developed 
by the thermal factor in springs, ete., and this is still further supported 
by the desert shells, which, outside of the hot springs, were subjected to 
the sun-heated waters of the shallow pools during the long and exces- 
sively hot summers of the desert region. 

Incidentally, mention may here be made that the shells of Physa 
from thermal stations are noticeable for their fine texture, shining 
surface, and clear dark or light amber color. 


SIZE AS RELATED TO HYPSOMETRIC TEMPERATURES. 


‘‘Hypsometric distribution has received from conchologists,” as 
Dr. Call has said, ‘* much less attention than it apparently deserves. 
Within small areas, comparatively, there are presented by hypsometry 
those various physical conditions that must otherwise be sought 
through several degrees of latitude.” 

So it may be said that the paths of distribution of various living 
forms are along the lines of temperature, measurably, wherever such 
lines may lead, which may explain the southing of many so-called 
Northern species and the northing of so-called Southern forms, with 


eS 


no.1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 293 


but little regard to lines of latitude. While altitude, which in this 
connection is equivalent to decreased temperature, has apparently no 
sculptural influence, it seems to bear a close relation to size in the 
Physas. That aspect of depauperation called dwarfing is shown in 
Call’s (Table XIV) comparative measurements’ of Physa ampullacea 
from Little Gull Lake, in the Mono Basin of California, altitude 7,000 
ito 7,500 feet, and Church Lake, near Salt Lake City, Utah, elevation 


: : : : : 9D 2 5 
oy 4,300 feet, the ratio of lengths being po: and the ratio of 
Zed | 
ee. 6.04 ee a one ae 25. 
widths 345 The value ‘of this comparison is impaired, first, because 


the number of examples from these places is unequal, being only twelve 
from Gull Lake against eighteen from Church Lake, and, second, 
because a comparison of this kind to be satisfactory should embrace a 
much larger number of individuals. 

As to the relation between depauperation and salinity, Call’s table 
(XI) giving the measurements of thirteen examples of Physa gyrina 
from ponds near Salt Lake City, elevation about 4,500 feet, and thirty- 
nine specimens from brackish springs at Promontory, elevation 4,900 
feet, the same objections apply. His tables(VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, and 
XI), based on comparative measurements of Pompholyx effusa, Cari- 
nifex newberryi, Helisoma trivolvis, Limnophysa palustris, and Physa 

_gyrina, indicate, as he says, that ‘‘ brackish water is correlated with 
depauperation.”” While numerous examples of 7. gyrina collected 
by Dr. C. Hart Merriam in Bennett Springs, Meadow Valley, Nevada, 
elevation 6,000 feet, and the large number (492) of P. humerosa trom 
Pyramid Lake, 4,890 feet altitude, after comparison with Colorado 
desert shells of the same species, are affirmative testimony as to the 
dwarfing influence of higher altitudes (i. e., lower temperature), the 
desert shells being uniformly of larger size. This applies not only to 
the species just named, but to the desert Physas as a whole. Hypso- 
metric or lower temperatures neutralized by thermal conditions, as 
related to size in the /’hysas, is illustrated by the examples of 2. gyrina 
collected by Dr. Merriam at the Hot Springs in Panamint Valley, the 
shells being fine, large, and dark colored. Here the altitude above the 
level of the desert was not so very great, being about 1,500 feet. Call’s 
Warm Springs, Utah, specimens of P. gyrina var. elliptica afford a 
similar illustration. ‘* The variety” he says, ‘*is found abundantly and 
of large size.” The elevation of Warm Springs is over 3,800 feet. 

From the consideration of the relations of sculpture to salinity and 
to thermal waters, of size in connection with hypsometric distribution, 
variation in formas related to environment attracts attention. 


1A comparison between forms from high altitudes with those from stations nearer 
to the level of the sea would be more satisfactory than that above quoted, where 
both localities are mountain stations. 

? This point discussed elsewhere. 


294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


VARIATION IN FORM. 


The Physas of the desert, however affected by the environment, in 
the matter of sculpture are absolutely wanting in the characters so 
conspicuous in the Paludestrine. Evidence of hybridization is at 
once suggested when a large number of individuals is compared. Dis- 
tortion and pathologic deformity are of frequent occurrence, and are 
exhibited in the strong shouldering of the basal whorl and the bulging 
of the latter, which is not uncommon, as in certain California species 
of Limnwa from sweet waters. This aspect of deformity may be 
attributed to abundance of food supply, resulting in hypertrophy of 
the viscera. The surface of the shells may sometimes be uneven and 
the incremental strive be coarse, as the whole is heavier than is usual 
in the shells of this genus from ordinary localities or stations. These 
characteristics are apparently due to the environment, but sculpture 
in the proper sense is not manifest. The excess of mineral matter in 
the waters is exhibited in greater solidity and a sturdier growth. 

The Physas of the Great Basin from the extreme north to the Col- 
orado River and beyond show a notable tendency to shortness of spire 
and shouldering or symmetrical bulging and flattening of the upper 
part of the basal whorl. These characters, when pronounced, approach 
distortion. Normal or typical individuals of P. huwmerosa exhibit 
these features moderately. . virgata Gould, from the River Gila 
and near San Diego and at Los Angeles, a not remote neighbor of P. 
humerosa, which may be regarded as a less chunky aspect of the latter, 
show these peculiarities still less. Both P. heterostropha and P. gyrina, 
if these may be called different species, in some localities within the 
area above mentioned show moderate tabulation of the basal volution, 
with spires of variable height. . dordi, sparsely represented in the 
Great Basin, is a conspicuous illustration of the low-spired ventricose 
body whorl type. 

In this connection attention is called to figs. 1 to 10 on Plate XXIV, 
and the modification of the shell through hypertrophy is forcibly sug 
gested by some of the figures on the same plate. 

A glance at Plate XXIII and a comparison of the figures therein 
exhibits the range of variation from the low-spired, rather chunky 
shells of P. humerosa 1 and 10 to the elongated forms (approaching 
P. gyrina) P. virginea 53, 55, and 56, while 18, 23, and 26 may be 
assigned to P. mexicana. In fig. 29 we have atypical humerosa. Figs. 
51 and 54 may be regarded as robust examples of 2. heterostropha, 
while hybridization is suggested by many of the intermediate forms 
not specified above. 

Cooke gives several figures! illustrating the effect of salinity upon 
Limneda pere “gre and ZL. stagnalis from the salt lege near the sea 


iGaraprides Nene neo IIL, 1895, p- 85. 


no.1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 295 


of Aral, and our desert Physas exhibit similar, if not as extreme, dis- 
tortion. With the latter, as heretofore intimated, the abnormalities 
are quite as likely to be due to visceral hypertrophy through overfeed- 
ing as to the salinity of the waters. 
To illustrate any species of Physa by a single figure is, in the present 
state of our knowledge of the susceptibility of the mollusks of this 
family to environmental influences, quite an absurd thing to do. 
While the shells of a colony of any one species inhabiting a spring or 
pool of limited area might be nearly or quite uniform in size, shape, 
texture, and color, another colony of the same species not very far 
distant, at a slightly higher or lower elevation, may present very con- 
siderable variation in one or more of these characters. 
This variation or tendency thereto is sometimes exhibited when a 
large number of individuals are brought together from a pond or 
spring of large area where the volume of water is subject to seasonal 
mutations. Binney in iJlustrating Limnea palustris! and certain other 
species of this genus has very properly given several figures. The 
same course is necessary in the Physas. 
In Plate XXII, which follows, may be seen the figures of the types 
of several species, as given by Binney,’ which will facilitate compari- 
son with the figures in Plate X X11 and enable the student to draw his 
own deductions, though, as before stated, no species of Physa can be 
satisfactorily illustrated by a single figure, however accurately drawn. 
The following notes have reference to the figures on Plate X XITI:* 
No. 7. Upper part of basal whorl extremely tabulated; variation from P. humerosa? 
No. 8. Basal whorl flattened; apex depressed and short; the same features less pro- 
nounced exhibited in 9 and 10. 

No. 11. Apex short; basal whorl rounded. 

No. 12. Much like a large ten; apertures patulous and reflected below. 

Nos. 21, 27, 28, and 49. Outer lip pinched above and sinuous. 

Nos. 28, 39, 46, and 47. Heavily calloused on body whorl, forming with the outer lip 
a nearly continuous rim. 

No. 33. Anterior portion of aperture or lip thrice repeated; see also fig. 4in Plate VI. 

Through the courtesy of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 
the author has been permitted to use the cuts in Plate XXII; he is also 
indebted to Prof. W. H. Dall and Mr. C. T. Simpson of the U. S. 
National Museum for kind attention to various matters on several 
occasions. 

'Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America, Part II, p. 47, and elsewhere. 

2 Idem, p. 75, et seq. 

3The majority of the forms have been compared with material in the National 
Museum; those not referred to in the index or notes are left to the judgment of the 
reader. Many of the determinations may be regarded as arbitrary; criticism on this 
point is excusable. 


296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


THE PLANORBES. 


Of the numerous species of Planorbis inhabiting North America, 
the larger forms occur west of the Rocky Mountains and north of lat- 


<i 


Fig, 7.—PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS Fig. 8.—PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS 
Say (original). Say, distorted (original). 


itude 30° N. Thus we find P. (7elisoma) trivolvis of conspicuous 
size, as Is shown by the accompanying figures. These represent 
examples from the cool waters of mountain lakes 
where the elevation is about 5,000 feet. 

Another characteristic form peculiar to the West 
coast is P. (felisoma) ammon. The metropolis of 
this species is apparently the Colorado Desert where, 
as previously stated, it is found in the greatest 
abundance. It is distinguished not alone by its 
rugged and rather irregular growth, but by the mass 
of the soft parts as seen in living examples, which 
probably exceeds that of any other species. In the 
case of this form we find it scattered over a large 
area at 200 feet below the level of the sea, where 
the waters of contiguous springs have a temperature 
i) ee oof 100° F. 


i liu My 
\| 


hin 
| 


These forms exhibit a swollen ventricose irregu- 
larity and patulous expansion of the aperture attribu- 
table to visceral hypertrophy, quite as likely as to 
salinity, and the distortion of the example of 7 tr7- 


FIG. 9.—PLANORBIS : a : 
AMMON (Gould). volwis, above figured, is presumably due to the same 


cause, as the specimen was collected in the sweet 
waters of a mountain lake. 


No.1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 297 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


Bryney, W. G. Land and freshwater shells of North America, Parts IT and IIT. 
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Nos. 148-144. 

Brake, WititaAm P. Explorations and surveys for a railroad route from the Mississ- 

ippi River to the Pacific Ocean, V, pp. 174-228. 

Catt, R. Evtsworrs. On the quaternary and recent mollusca of the Great Basin, ete. 
Bulletin 11, U.S. Geological Survey, January, 1884. 

Dat, WituiamM Heatey. Report on the mollusks collected by the International 

Boundary Commission of the United States and Mexico, 1892-1894. 
Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, XIX, No. 1111, pp. 333-379; plates 
XXxI-xxxu. Washington, 1896. 

Hanks, Henry G. Mud voleanoes and the Colorado desert. 

Second Annual Report of the State Mineralogist of California, pp. 227-240, 1880-1882, 

Hyarr, A. On the Tertiary species of Planorbis at Steinheim. 

Anniversary Memoirs Boston Society Natural History, 1880. 

JAmMEs, JosePH F. The Colorado Desert. 

Popular Science Monthly, January, 1882, pp. 384-390. 

Merriam, C. Hart, and assistants. The Death Valley Expedition. A biological 

survey of parts of California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. 
North American Fauna, No. 7, part 11. U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, 
1893. . 

Orcutt, CHARLES RusseLt. The Colorado Desert. 

Tenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist of California, pp. 899-919, 1890. 

Pitspry, Henry A. Catalogue of the Amnicolide of the Western United States. 
The Nautilus, X11, No. 11, pp. 121-127. Philadelphia, March, 1899. 

Srearns, Ropert E. C. Remarks on Fossil Shells of the Colorado Desert. 

American Naturalist, XIII, pp. 141-154, March, 1879; XVII, pp. 1014-1020, Octo- 
ber, 1883. 

. On the History and Distribution of the Fresh-Water Mussels, and the 
Identity of Certain Alleged Species. 

Proceedings, California Academy of Sciences, November 20, 1882, 21 pp., pls. i-v1. 

. Observations on Planorbis. 

Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1881, pp, 91-110, 27 figs. 

. Description of a New Hydrobiinoid Gasteropod from the Mountain Lakes of 
the Sierra Nevada, with remarks on allied species and the physiographical 
features of said region. 

Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1883, pp. 171-176, and 
figure. 

. Notes on Physa triticea of Lea, its relations, and comments on the variation, 
etc., of Physve. 

The Nautilus, 111, No. 5. Philadelphia, September, 1889, pp. 49-51. 

Report on the Land and Fresh Water Shells collected in California and 

Nevada by the Death Valley Expedition, ete. 
North American Fauna, No. 7, pp. 269-283, 1893. 

Wueeter, Lieut. G. M. Annual Report of Geographical Exploration, ete., 1876. 

Wrpney, Dr. J. P. The Colorado Desert. 

The Overland Monthly, X, pp. 44-50. San Francisco, 1873 (also various papers on 
Arizona, Colorado River, etc., in Vols. IV, VI, and IX of the magazine. 

Veatcu, Dr. J. A. Mud Voleanoes of the Colorado Desert. 

Proceedings, California Academy Sciences, 1, p. 104 et seq. and plate, 1857. 


298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES: 


The figures are all largely magnified. The length of the actual specimens, Nos. 1 
and 2, are respectively twenty and sixteen hundredths of an inch; the diameters of 
the same, nine and six hundredths of an inch. The robust example, 18, is 0.23 by 
a diameter of a trifle over 0.1 of an inch. These dimensions exceed the average of 
any large number of shells. Particular attention is called to the variation in size 
and form of the aperture. The figures were all drawn by Dr. J. C. McConnell, 
whose skill and taste are too well known to require praise. 


Je Nina IDS 
Paludestrina protea Gould. 


Slender, elongated forms with rounded whorls. 


Fi 


= 
oO 
S 


g. 1. Whorls smooth, without sculpture. 
2. Same as above, dwarfed form. 

. Whorls spirally threaded or lirate. 

4. Shorter form of same. 

5. Middle whorls cancellated, basal whorl threaded sculpture only. 

6. Longitudinal sculpture strongest throughout. 


PraTE XX. 
Paludestrina protea Gould. 


Whorls angulated or tabulated above. 


Fig. 7. Surface smooth, upper portion of whorls angulated. 
8. Surface smooth, strongly angulate (unique example). 
9. Robust form slightly angulated above and faintly threaded. 
10. Rather slender form, strongly angulated and conspicuously threaded. 
11. Whorls flattened or tabulated above, and faintly threaded throughout 
(unique example). 
12. Whorls angulated above, basal and penultimate whorl, faintly threaded. 
The two whorls above these sculptured both ways; the mouth rimmed 
and reflected (a very rare form). 


PLATE XXI. 
Paludestrina protea Gould. 


Fig. 13. Whorls angulated above and exhibiting the two systems of sculpture, which 
in the middle whorls are subnodose at points of crossing. 
14. Longitudinal sculpture strongest; plications on middle whorls less numer- 
ous and farther apart than on basal whorl. 
15. Short form, with strongly latticed sculpture on principal whorls. 
16. Whorls angulated above, sculpture like middle whorls of thirteen. 
17. Robust form, angulated above, faintly threaded; longitudinal sculpture 
consisting of rather inconspicuous rounded swollen plications. 
18. Robust, angulated above, the middle of the whorls sculptured both ways, 
the lower part of basal whorl faintly sculptured transversely. 
The various examples above figured are connected by an endless chain of inter- 
mediate forms. ; 


———— ser 


No.1256. FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT—STEARNS. 299 


Piate XXII. 
Recognized species of Physa. 


The figures on this plate are taken from Binney’s Land and Fresh Water Shells 
of North America, Part II, Smithsonian Institution Miscellaneous Collections No. 143, 
Washington, September, 1865. The numbers in parentheses and the page num- 
bers correspond with those in the above publication. 

Fig. 1 (127). Phusa lordi Baird (p. 76 
2 (128). Physa gabbi Tryon (p. 77 
3 (129). Physa gabbi Tryon (p.7 
4 (130). Physa gyrina Say (p. 77). 
5 (133). Physa ampullacea Gould (p. 79). 
6 (134). Physa ampullacea Gould (p. 79). 
7 (135). Physa ampullacea Gould (p. 79). 
8 (139). Physa aneillaria Say (p. 81). 
9 (140). Physa obesa De Kay (p. 82). 
10 (142). Physa osculans Haldeman (p. 83). 
11 (143), Physa mexicana Philippi (p. 83). 
12 (144). Physa heterostropha Say (p. 84). 
13 (146). Physa osculans Haldeman (p. 85). 
56). Physa virginea Gould (p. 92). 
15 (157). Physa humerosa Gould (p. 92). 
). Physa virgata Gould (p. 93). 
8). Physa nitens Philippi (p. 98). 
Prats XXIII. 
Variations of desert Physidz. 
Figs. ve , 3,5, 10,17. P. humerosa and ordinary varieties. 
eP. humerosa, extreme variation. 
29, P. humerosa, typical; compare with Binney’s fig. 157. 
14, 16, 17. P. humerosa, seeeceneil large. 
44, 46, 50, 52. Compare with P. ampullacea, Binney’s 133. 
53, 55,56. P. virginea; compare with Binney’s 156 and same author’s 129, P. gabbi. 
ne P. mexicana; compare with Binney’s 139, P. ancillaria. 
8, 9. P. humerosa, abnormal, very short apex, ete. 
os 26. P. mexicana, nearly or quite typical; see Binney’s 143. 
133 18, 22, 23. P. mexicana, ordinary varieties. 
8, 27. Hybrids of humerosa and mexicana, or varieties of either. 
54. P. heterostropha, robust form, approaching ampullacea. 


PLATE XXIV. 
Variations of desert Physide. 

The figures in this plate, illustrating diversity of form, were drawn by the author 
from specimens collected by Prof. George Davidson! at or near Indio in 1883, and 
referred to on page 290 as a ‘‘first series.’”’ The shells are now unfortunately mis- 
placed or destroyed; but the drawings were made soon after they were received. 
Fig. 1 is very near to fig. 7 in Plate X XIII and represents an extreme variation from 

P. humerosa. 
3 is unique in being the only specimen of this form or shape. 
4 may be compared with fig. 33 of Plate X XIII, showing a triple repetition of 
the anterior part of the aperture. 
5-10. Varieties of P. humerosa or P. mexicana, or hybrids of the two species. 
11. Another rare variety; should be compared with P. osculans, Binney’s 142. 
12, 13, 13a, 14, 14a, 14b. Varieties of P. heterostropha from sweet water. 


1 American Naturalist, October, 1883, p. 1014 et seq. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VC’.. XXIV. PL. XIX 


VARIETIES OF PALUDESTRINA PROTEA GOULD. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 298. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. 


uh 


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VARIETIES OF PALUDESTRINA PROTEA GOULD. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 298. 


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U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM € PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXI 


im AN 


VARIETIES OF PALUDESTRINA PROTEA GOULD. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 298. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXIl 


AMERICAN SPECIES OF PHYSA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 299, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXIII 


q 9 


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28 


VARIATIONS OF DESERT PHYSIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 299 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXIV 


9 10 


13 13a 14 14a 14b 


VARIATIONS OF DESERT PHYSIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 299. 


CHONDRODONTA, A NEW GENUS OF OSTREIFORM MOL- 
LUSKS FROM THE CRETACEOUS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS 
OF THE GENOTYPE AND A NEW SPECIES. 


By Timotay W. Sranron, Ph. D., 


Paleontologist, U. S. Geological Survey. 


A peculiar group of fossils that has hitherto been referred to the 
genus Ostrea has for some years been known to occur in the Creta- 
ceous of southern Europe and of Texas. Attention was first promi- 
nently called to it by Choffat’s description and figures of Ostrea 
joanne from Portugal. The very similar form from Texas has been 
described by Hill as O. munsonz, and almost simultaneously by Cragin 
as a part of //ippurites flabellifer. Similar forms, to which reference 
will again be made, have been found in the Venetian Alps. 

All these fossils have the general shape of Ostrea, but are very thin 
compressed forms, with the two valves similar and almost invariably 
still attached to each other, and with rather prominent dichotomous 
ribs. That this peculiar sculpture is not essential to the group, how- 
ever, is proved by the occurrence of the smooth species described in 
this paper. 

In connection with my general work on the invertebrates of the 
Comanche series, I have restudied Ostrea munsoni, examining the 
types of Hill and Cragin, together with a larger suite of specimens 
collected by myself near Austin and a few obtained by Messrs. Hill, 
Vaughan, Prather, and others at various points in Texas. By means 
of polished sections and by carefully cutting away the upper valve 
from a number of specimens, with the study of fragments and acci- 
dental fractures, it has been possible to determine satisfactorily most 
of the internal features of the shell and to prove that the species is not 
an Ostrea nor referable to any described genus. The new generic name 
Chondrodonta is therefore proposed with Ostrea munson? Hill as the 
type. The new species described on a following page, though differ- 
ing greatly in external appearance, has the same hinge structure, and 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIV—No. 1257. 
301 


302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIy. 


is referred to this genus. Authentic examples of Ostrea joanne also 
show the characteristic hinge structure of Chondrodonta as seen in 
cross section. The collections referred to, except the types of Hill 
and Cragin, are in the United States National Museum, and this notice 
is Oe seme here by permission of the Director ot the United States 
Geological Survey. The descriptions of the genus and of the two 
American species follow. 


CHONDRODONTA, new genus. 


Shell of rather large size, sessile, ostreiform, attached by the left (?) 
valve; texture, subnacreous; hinge plate greatly elongated, without 
proper teeth, but with a long chondrophore in each valve a little back 
of the median line, extending from the beak across the hinge plate 
and projecting considerably beyond it into the body cavity, the chon- 
drophore of the attached valve forming the overhanging anterior wall 
of a deep, narrow groove into which is received the chondrophore of 
the upper valve in the form of a rather thin oblique lamella, whose 
free edge is slightly curved upward. Near their umbonal ends the 
chondrophores are nearly in contact, but toward their other extremities 
they are separated by a space of from 1 to 3 millimeters (according to 
the size of the shell). This space must have been filled by the resilium, 
which was evidently attached to the under side of the chondrophore in 
the lower valve and to the upper side of that in the free valve, the 
whole forming an interlocking arrangement that could have allowed 
very little motion of the valves, and is effective even after the resilium 
has disappeared, for the two valves are almost invariably found firmly 
united. 

Pallial line remote from the margin, as in Pectinidae, Spondylidae, 
etc., usually not very distinctly marked; adductor muscle doubtless 
single, though its faint impression has not been positively recognized; 
lower valve, moderately convex; upper valve, flat or concave, so that 
the body cavity is very shallow; surface, either with radial, irregularly 
dichotomous plications, or nearly smooth, with only concentric growth 
lines. 


Type. 


Ostrea munsont Hill, from the Edwards limestone of Texas; 
also represented by Chondrodonta glabra, new species, from probably 
the upper part of the Glen Rose limestone near Kerrville, Tex. 
European representatives of the genus are Ostrea joanne from Portu- 
gal, probably O. aff. munsoni (Hill) Boehm, and possibly Zerqguemia 
Sorojuliensis Boehm from the southern Alps, all of which have been 
referred to the Cenomanian, though varying opinions have been held 
as to their exact position in the Cretaceous, the latest reference of O. 
joanne being to the Turonian and of the Italian form to the Albian ~ 
or Gault. 


No. 1257. A NEW GENUS OF MOLLU a NTON. 3038 


The peculiar interlocking chondrophores ! will serve to distinguish 
this genus from any described type known to me, making it so distinct 
that it is difficult to assign it to any of the established families. ‘The 
superficial resemblance of the shell to Ostrea is probably due almost 
entirely to its similar sedentary habit, and its internal features are too 
distinct to permit its reference to the same family. 

The genus Zerquemia Tate® (= Carpenteria Deslongschamps* not 
Gray) is somewhat similar externally, but it is attached by the right 
valve, has a long, narrow, ligamental groove in each valve, and the 
rounded muscular scar is deeply impressed, while the pallial line is 
not visible. This name, Zerquenia, was proposed for a few species 
of Liassic shells, was afterwards applied, probably erroneously, to 
several Triassic species, and still more recently to the above-mentioned 
Cretaceous form, which I suspect to be based on an imperfectly pre- 
served specimen of Chondrodonta. 

Some of the internal features of //innites, especially the pallial line 
and in thin-shelled specimens the faintly marked muscle scar, are 
suggestive of Chondrodonta. The chondrophore also extends across 
the hinge plate and projects slightly beyond it into the body cavity, 
but it is a deep, simple groove in each valve. In the early stages of 
erowth the shell has well-marked ears, and in the right (attached) 
valve a byssal sinus, neither of which features has been recognized in 
Chondrodonta. 

The affinities of Chondrodonta seem to be with the superfamily 
Pectinacea, which includes the Spondylidz and Limidz as well as the 
Pectinide. Terguemia has usually been referred to the Spondylide, 
but in Zittel’s Grundziige der Paleontologie, and also in the English 
edition of the same work, it is transferred to the Ostreide, without 
good reason, as itseems tome. Judging from figures and descriptions 
only, I would place it at least in the same superfamily with Chondro- 
donta. 7 


CHONDRODONTA MUNSON I (Hill). 
(Plate XXV, figs. 1-5.) 


Ostrea munsoni Hi, Proe. Biol. Soc. of Washington, VII, 18938, p. 105, pl. x11. 
Hippurites flabellifer Cracrn (in part), 4th Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, 1893, 
p- 190, pi. x, fig. 1 (not pl. xxxvimt, fig. 3). 


Shell attaining a large size, varying in outline from ovate to 
elongate-ovate, and irregularly triangular; beaks inconspicuous, 
slightly deflected laterally, with a variable, usually small, area of 


1This structure has been observed in eight specimens of C. munsoni, five of C. 
glabra, and four of C. joanne. 

* Appendix to Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca, 1867, p. 65. 

3 Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, XI, pp. 127-131, pl. x1x, figs. 2-11. 


304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


attachment on the lower valve; attached valve moderately convex, 
but varying considerably in this respect; upper valve’ slightly con- 
cave, almost conforming to the curvature of the lower valve, so that 
the space between them is extremely thin; surface of both valves 
marked by rather fine radiating ribs, about equal in width to the 
interspaces, and many of them branching one or more times before 
reaching the margin, or with short ribs interpolated between them; 
sculpture often equally strong on both valves, but in some cases 
nearly obsolete on the upper valve; internal features as described for 
the genus. 

Average specimens usually measure from 130 to 150 mm. in length 
and about 70 to 75 mm. in greatest breadth. One ovate specimen 
measures 121 mm. in length and 94 mm. in greatest breadth and occa- 
sional examples are more nearly circular in outline. One very large 
triangular specimen collected by Mr. Hill is 166 mm. in length and is 
expanded in fan-shape toward the base until it is 172 mm. broad. 
The convexity or thickness of the two valves united is seldom more 
than 10 mm. and there is little difference in this respect between young 
and adult shells. 

There is a perceptible, though not great, variation in the coarse- 
ness of sculpture of different individuals, as may be seen by the illus- 
trations. 

The species is associated at most localities with Radzolites david- 
soni Hill and it is often found attached to that form. This habit led 
Cragin and other members of the Geological Survey of Texas to sup- 
pose that both shells belonged to the same animal which was described 
as Hippurites flabellifer.” The shell is usually attached by one edge 
of the lower valve near the beak and it often shows a tendency to grow 
around the supporting object. A curious example of this is seen in 
the smaller of Hill’s figured types (now preserved in the geological 
department of Johns Hopkins University), which shows a fragment of 
Radiolites shell nearly half an inch long firmly attached in a deep 
notch that involves both valves of the Chondrodonta. 

Ostrea joanne Choftat * from the Cretaceous of Portugal is very sim- 
ilar to this species in form, sculpture, and all other described characters 
except that the sculpture is considerably coarser. Through the 
courtesy of Prof. Paul Choffat I have received a dozen specimens of 
O. joanne from Monte Serves and Runa, Portugal, since this deserip- 
tion was written. Sections were cut across the umbonal region of 


1Mr. Hill inadvertently described the upper valve as the lower. 

* This name has a few weeks’ priority over Ostrea munsoni, but since it was applied 
to two entirely distinct forms its designation as Hippurites necessitates its restriction 
to the Rudistid portion of the complex species. 

3 Recueil d’études paléontologiques sur la faune Cretacique du Portugal, I, p. 34, 
Ostreidae, pl. 1, figs. 1-7, and pl. 11, figs. 8-19. Lisbon, 1886. 


- 


No. 1257. A NEW GENUS OF MOLLUSKS—STANTON. 


305 
several specimens, and in at least four these show essentially the same 
hinge structure as C. munsoni. I do not consider the Portuguese and 
Texan forms specifically identical, however, as Professor Choffat * has 
done, though they are certainly congeneric. The sculpture is much 
coarser in O. joanne and the ribs are much more angular even when 
they are not larger. Choffat at first referred the horizon of O. joanne 
to the Cenomanian, but in later papers he treats it as Turonian. 

G. Boehm ®* has figured a form from the Venetian Alps as Ostrea aff. 
munsoni that still more closely resembles the Texan species in external 
features. Associated with it are some smaller shells that Boehm has 
described as Terqguemia forojuliensis,® figuring the interior of a worn 
specimen. This figure is such as might be drawn with a few slight 
errors in restoration from an imperfectly preserved attached valve of 
Chondrodonta munsoni, and it is very probable that the types of Zer- 
quemia forojuliensis are young specimens of the Ostrea aff. munsont, 
and that they all belong to Chondrodonta. From the same region 
Futterer has described Pinna ostrewformis,t which, according to 
Boehm, is identical with his Ostrea aff. munsoni, and more recently 
Schnarrenberger’ has identified probably the same form as Ostrea 
nunsoni. These Italian fossils also have been referred to the upper 
Cenomanian by Boehm, though the beds containing them have at dif- 
ferent times been referred to horizons as widely separated as the 
Urgonian and the Turonian. Schnarrenberger considers them older 
than the Cenomanian. In Choffat’s latest paper, above cited, O. mun- 
soni Hill, O. aff. munsont Boehm, and Pinna ostrewformis Futterer, 
are all treated as synonyms of QO. joanne, and the Portuguese beds in 
which the species occurs are placed in the middle Turonian. 

A note by Virgilio® treating of the group of Ostrea joanne, to which 
Professor Choffat kindly referred me, has not yet reached Washington, 
and so could not be consulted. 

A few other forms, including one from the Nummulitic of Egypt, 
have been referred to the ‘‘ group of Ostrea joanne,” but as nothing 
could be learned as to their internal features, they have not been con- 
sidered. The sculpture alone is not to be depended upon as character- 
istic of this group. For example, Conrad’ figures a form under the 


1Revue Critique de Paléozoologie, II, 1898, p.174,and Mon. Strat. syst¢me créta- 
cique du Portugal: La Cretacique supérieur au nord du Tage, pp. 183-184, Lisbon, 
1900. 

* Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Kreide inden Siidalpen. I. Die Schiosi- und Calloneghe- 
Fauna, Paleeontographica, X LI, 1894, p. 96, pl. vin, figs. 1, 2. 

3 Idem., figs. 5 and 6. 

* Paleeont. Abhandl., Dames und Kayser, VI (new series IT), 1896, Pt. 2, p. 259. 

5 Berichte d. Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg i. Br. XI, July, 1901, Pt. 3, 
p. 196. 

6 Bolletino della Societa Geologica Italiana, XX, 1901. 

™Lynch’s Report of the United States Expedition to Explore the Dead Sea and the 
River Jordan, pl. 1, figs. 7 and 8. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 


-20 


306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


name Ostrea virgata, which has a lower valve, with sculpture quite — 
similar to that of C. munson/, but examination of the original speci- — 
men, now in the museum of Yale University, shows that it is a true — 
Ostrea with a smooth upper valve and not at all related to C. mansoni. 

Localitics and position.—Hills figured types came from Belton, 
Texas; those discussed by Cragin as part of a supposed ///ppurites, 
from Bartons Creek, near Austin, Double Mountain, in Stonewall 
County, and Big Springs, Howard County; additional specimens in the 
Texas State collection are labeled ‘* Cooper Mountain, Kent County;” 
the specimens now figured are from Nolands River at Belton, and from 
the bed of Bartons Creek, near the stone bridge 2 miles from Austin, 
where the species is abundant; a few additional specimens are from 
near Kickapoo Springs, on the west fork of Nueces River, from High 
Bridge, on Pecos River, and from Bluff Creek, about 25 miles west of 
Waco, the latter collected by Mr. John K. Prather. The species is 
confined to the Edwards or ‘*‘Caprina” limestone, in the Fredericks- 
burg division of the Comanche series. Precise correlation of the hori- 
zon with the European section will not now be attempted, but it is 
certainly much older than the Turonian. 


CHONDRODONTA GLABRA, new species. 
(Plate XX VI, figs. 1-3.) 


Shell rather large, flat, or sometimes variously bent; lower valve 
gently convex; upper valve concave, closely conforming to the curva- 
ture of the attached valve; beaks inconspicuous, submedian, scarcely 
at all deflected laterally, with a very small area of attachment on the 
lower valve; surface of both valves smooth with only irregular lines of 
growth; internal characters as described for the genus, the hinge plate 
of the lower valve showing also one or two obscure shallow grooves 
in advance of tbe chondrophore. 

An ayerage specimen measures 117 mm. in length, 68 mm. in greatest 
breadth, and 10 mm. in convexity of the two valves united. The 
general habit of the shell is very similar to that of C. munson7 and the 
structure of the hinge is essentially the same. The smooth surface at 
once separates it from that species. It also appears to be somewhat 
more regular in form and more nacreous in texture. 

Locality and position.—The types (five specimens) were collected by 
the writer in 1895 at_a quarry one mile east of Kerrville, Texas, where 
the species is abundant, associated with Monopleura in a thin band near 
the middle of the limestone then quarried. The horizon was thought 
to be the upper part of the Glen Rose, and therefore considerably older 
than the horizon of C. munson?, though I did not have the opportunity 
to study the stratigraphy of the neighborhood in detail. 


No. 1257. A NEW GENUS OF MOLLUSKS—STANTON. 307 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE XXV. 
Chondrodonta munsoni (Hill), p. 302. 


Fig. 1. Lower valve of a medium-sized somewhat elongate specimen lacking nearly 

an inch of the umbonal portion and cut across the lower part of the hinge. 

2. View of the upper end of specimen represented by fig. 1, polished to show 
transverse section of the two valves and their chondrophores. 

3. A similar section across:the lower part of the hinge of the same specimen at 
the cut shown in fig. 1. 

4,5. Opposite views of a small specimen showing sculpture of the same strength 
on both valves. 
(The specimen represented by figs. 1-3 has the upper valve nearly smooth. ) 


Prats XX V1. 
Chondrodonta glabra, new species, p. 305. 


Fig. 1. Exterior of a small attached valve. (The striations on the lower portion are 
accidental, due to slight slipping movements of the rocks. ) 

; 2. Interior of same, showing the hinge and the pallial line; pp, pallial impression; 
a ° 
: cl, chondrophore of lower valve; cu, broken edge of chondrophore of the 
: upper valve still adhering in the groove of the lower valve. At its broken 


E 
: 


distal extremity it may be seen curving under the other chondrophore. 
3. Cross section of lower part of the hinge of a larger specimen. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXV 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


CHRONDRODONTA MUNSONI (HILL). 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 307. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXVI 


CHRONDRODONTA GLABRA STANTON. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 307. 


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CATALOGUE OF A COLLECTION OF HUMMINGBIRDS 
FROM ECUADOR AND COLOMBIA. 


By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, 
Assistant Ornithologist, Department of Agriculture. 


The collection of hummingbirds gathered by Messrs. Claud Hamil- 
ton and Walter Goodfellow during their trip to Ecuador and Colombia, 
in 1898 and 1899, came finally, by purchase, into possession of the 
United States National Museum. With the possible exception of that 
brought together by Baron,’ it is probably the finest single collection 
ever made, comprising, as it does, 1,136 specimens, almost all in fine 
condition of plumage, and accompanied by proper data. Although 
some of them came from Colombia, by far the greater number were 
collected in Ecuador. One hundred and nine species and subspecies 
are represented, including, besides several hitherto undescribed, such 
rare and otherwise interesting forms as Zopaza pyra, Phaiolaima 
cervinigularis, Colibri buckleyt, Helianthea lutetiae hamiltoni, and 
Eutoxeres baroni. , 

Under many species of the subjoined list there are added in smaller 
type the field notes of the collectors, which Mr. Goodfellow has kindly 
furnished for this purpose. As he has recently published an account 
of the expedition’s itinerary and a description of the region traversed,’ 
these need not be inserted here. Additional information regarding 
the altitude of some of the places at which the humming-birds were 
taken has been supplied by Mr. Goodfellow, and is given. below as of 
possible interest: 


Western Ecuador: Feet. | Western Ecuador—Continued. Feet. 
2 GEO. SS es eee eee 7, 800 inital ees orien 5, 000 
CMA OAM Ae ee a2 eee et Ce 6, 500 | Central Tableland: 
oviaehs ee ae ee 6, 800 Puembo, Chillo Valley..---- 7, 500 
UaKGlG) Gc cee eg 7, 000 | Pike. Chillo:- Valley «22-4. =< 7, 800 
Whom Valley. =5: 2-252. .f2<2 4, 250 | Guapalo, Chillo Valley-.----- 8, O80 
manvaentiac 25S =< 2 6, 100 | CONTIG eee tee MS ee a 10, 000 
WETTING 2 110 ba eh aa eee ape ee 6,600 | Eastern Ecuador: 

Santo Womineo: =. 9.22.22. 600 | Bapallactaesseternt noes. sas 11, 500 
Neer te oe ey eo Shad 1, 000 | BH Ose ene Oe eres e. 22 7 5, 900 


MEIC AS se ee tee ee Se 6, 000 | 


1 Hartert, Novitates Zoologicae, I, 1894, pp. 45-64. 
*Tbis, April, 1901, pp. 300-509. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSeEuM, VOL. XXIV—No. 1258. ‘- 
30S 


310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


The writer here takes occasion to thank the authorities of the Ameri- 
‘an Museum of Natural History for the loan of material necessary for 
comparison in the preparation of this paper. He is, as well, under 
great obligation to Mr. Robert Ridgway and Dr. Charles W. Richmond 
for various courtesies. ; 

The systematic sequence of the following list is that of Mr. Hartert, 
in the Tierreich, which seems to be by far the best arrangement yet 
proposed. All measurements in this paper are in millimeters. 


DORYFERA JOHANNAE (Bourcier). 


Trochilus johannae Bourcrer, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847,-p. 45. 
Dorifera johannae Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 68. 
Two specimens—male and female—from Archidona, east Ecuador, 
April, 1899. They appear not to differ from Colombian specimens. 


A pair shot in the depths of the forests on our way down to the Napo, a day’s 
walk above the village of Archidona. They had a very loud, sharp call note. 


DORYFERA LUDOVICIAE RECTIROSTRIS (Gould). 
Doryfera rectirostris GouLp, Introd. Troch., 1861, p. 71. 
Doryfera ludoviciae rectirostris HARTERT, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 11. 

Nine specimens, all but one from Milligalli, west Ecuador. A single 
inale from Baeza, east Ecuador, does not differ from the others. The 
females closely resemble the males, but lack the glittering green fore- 
head. Aside from the greater length of bill this form differs from 
true /udoviciae in its much longer wing and tail, characters not com- 
monly mentioned. : 


I was told that at one time these birds used to be met with regularly at Milligalli, 
but now they are only occasionally seen there. Local name, ‘‘ Viudas’’—widows. 


THRENETES CERVINICAUDUS Gould. 


Threnetes cervinicauda Gouin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, p. 109. 
Two adult males from Napo village, east Ecuador, are apparently 
not different from Colombian specimens. . 


THRENETES FRASERI (Gould).” 


Glaucis fraseri GouLD, Mon. Troch., I, 1861, pl. x11. 
Threnetes fraser. Boucarp, Humming Bird, I, 1892, p. 17. 
Four specimens, from Santo Domingo, west Ecuador. Although 
most closely allied to Threnetes ruckeri, the present species is yet quite 
distinct, and in any plumage can be readily identified. An additional 


a 


character separating it from 7. rucker? is the darker, less golden shade 


of the upper parts. Immature birds have the feathers of the upper 
surface narrowly margined with buffy or grayish white. There seems 
to be no difference between the sexes. 


NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 311 


They frequent the depths of the forests around Santo Domingo, where they feed on 
the red flowers of a parasitical plant growing high up on the tree trunks. Conse- 
quently it was always necessary to use a gun to-shoot these birds. 


GLAUCIS HIRSUTA AFFINIS (Lawrence). 
Glaucis affinis LAwReNcE, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., VI, 1858, p. 261. 


One adult male, from Napo village, east Ecuador. 

Although in color Glaucis hirsuta varies so much individually that 
it seems impossible to make out any geographical forms, there is yet 
such a great difference in size between specimens from eastern Brazil 


-and those from Costa Rica that at least two subspecies may easily be 


recognized. Birds from eastern Brazil, Trinidad, Tobago, and Gre- 
nada agree in being of very large size; while those from Nicaragua 
and Costa Rica: are the smallest. A single individual from Peru, and 
the above-mentioned one from Ecuador are practically identical with 
those from Costa Rica. A series of specimens from central and north- 
ern Colombia seems to show intermediate tendencies, though much 
nearer this than to the typical form from eastern Brazil. 

The original description of Glaucis hirsuta * was based undoubtedly 
upon the Brazilian bird, so that the form ranging from Grenada to 
southeastern Brazil must be called Glaucis hirsuta hirsuta. Foy the 
western race, occurring from Nicaragua to Peru, the earliest available 
name appears to be Glaucis affinis Lawrence.” based on the bird from 
Ecuador, and it should therefore now stand as Glaucis hirsuta affincs. 
The bird deseribed by Boucard as Glaucis columbiana,’ from the Rio 
Dagua, Colombia, is undoubtedly the same, as may easily be seen by. 


reference to his original description. No importance can be attached 


Wy AM 


Fe 


EOP OS AAS. 


to the uniform rich cinnamon color of the lower surface in his speci- 
mens, for such a condition of plumage occurs by no means infrequently 
throughout the range of Glaucis hirsuta. 
mM = wid iy 9 . BAS i . i 
The difference between the two races is sufficiently emphasized by 
the following measurements: 


+ x : rs eat ‘Exposed 

ame | ~Sex. Loce 2 g. ail. = 
Name. “ ex Locality Wing Tail letaimnent 
Glaucis hirsuta hirsuta......- Male?" 2/SBahiay Brazil: 4-52: steeessssss sees 66 | 41.0 | 30.5 
Gea, See Ae Sere IEW KE Bal Ae alo) So aapiice to sang encon pase cecnce oe GOu) -7412'0, 30.0 
Glaucis hirsuta affinis ......-- | Male ...| Escondido River, Nicaragua ....... 53 33.0 | 28.0 
[N10)5 = Sao sascSo secboeaeesss | Male ...| Napo village, Ecuador ............. 53 32.5 | 30.0 


The sole specimen of this species was shot under the eaves of an Indian hut at a 
yillage near the headwaters of the Napo, where it was searching for insects. 


1 Trochilus hirsutus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 490. 
Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1858, p. 261. 
> Genera Hummingbirds, 1895, p. 402. 


312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


PHOETHORNIS YARUQUI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus yaruqui Bourcrer, Compt. Rend. Ac. Sci., XXXII, 1851, p. 187. 
Phaéthornis yaruqui Gouin, Mon. Troch., I, 1852, pl. xxvir. 

Four specimens, from Santo Domingo, west Ecuador. The female 
of this species is somewhat smaller than the male, though apparently 
almost identical in color. According to the collector’s notes upon the 
labels of these examples the mandible in both sexes is cv7mson in life. 


PHOETHORNIS LONGIROSTRIS BARONI (Hartert). 
Phaéthornis baroni Harvert, Ibis, 1897, p. 426. 

A single specimen from Santo Domingo, west Ecuador, belongs 
apparently to this form. It is similar to Phoethornis longirostris lon- 
girostris, but much smaller; the upper surface is green, with very much 
less of bronzy tinge; the ochraceous of rump and upper tail-coyerts 
much paler; the lower parts much less ochraceous, the crissum almost 
white; the tips of rectrices grayish white instead of ochraceous. — It 
may be described as follows: 

Top of head dull brown; cervix the same, with greenish gloss, the 
feathers margined with ochraceous; back and rump metallic grass 
green, the feathers of the former narrowly, of the latter broadly edged 
with buffy and ochraceous; upper tail-coverts ochraceous buff, more 
or less barred with dusky green; wings sepia, with a purplish sheen. 
the superior coverts green like the back; tail greenish on basal por- 
tion, terminally brownish black, broadly tipped with white, this last 
on the long central feathers amounting to much more than a third of 
their total length; superciliary and loral stripes deep buff; auriculars 
brownish black; throat and breast dull grayish, with a wash of ochra- 
ceous; a central gular and the rictal stripes buffy white; abdomen and 
crissum buffy white. 

Phoethornis longirostris baroni is very different from typical long7- 
rostris, taking birds from Honduras as such, and, in fact, is nearer to 
Phoethornis longirostris mexicanus (Hartert). From the latter it may 
be distinguished by its decidedly smaller size (mericanus is somewhat 
larger than the true long/rostris), less bronzy upper parts, and the 
very much less ochraceous lower surface. Specimens from Panama 
are, in size and color, somewhat intermediate between longirostris and 
baroni, though certainly referable to the former. 

The following measurements exhibit the differences of size between 
Phoethornis longirostris longtrostris and /?. longirostris baroni: 


| Exposed 


‘F . Sex soeality | Jing. | Tail. 
Name. ex. Locality. | Wing Tail }culmen. 
| le 


Phoethornis U. longirostris ....| Male .... Santa Ana, Honduras ......-.....--- | 63 | 67 
1D (0 he Acie ei ae ae ile By ore Malers siete COs es Pee eee eee ees See 64 | 72 | 
Phoethornis l. baroni .....-.-- Male ...; Santo Domingo, Ecuador........... | 58 | 63 | 41 


) 


NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. Piles 


There are apparently five recognizable races of this species, namely: 


Phoethornis longirostris longirostris (DELATTRE).—Guatemaia to Colombia. 
Phoethornis longirostris mexicanus (HARTERT).—Southern Mexico. 
Phoethornis longirostris susurrus BANas.—-Santa Marta, Colombia. 
Phoethornis longirostris baroni (HartErT).—Western Ecuador. 
Phoethornis longirostris bolivianus (GouLp).—Bolivia and Peru. 


PHOETHORNIS HISPIDUS (Gould). 


Trochilus ( ?) hispidus Gouin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1846, p. 90. 
Phaétornis hispidus BoNAparts, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 68. 

The one adult male from Archidona, east Ecuador, apparently does 
not differ materially from Colombian specimens. 

All the specimens we procured of these three species (Phoethornis yaruqui, P. lon- 
girostris, and P. hispidus) were shot in the gloomier parts of the forests among the 
undergrowth, and all had the same peculiar way of hovering at times in front of 
one’s face or close to the barrel of the gun, a peculiarity which I never once observed 
in any of the hummingbirds found out in the open. P. longirostris and P. yaruqui 
are confined solely to the western forests, and P. hispidus to the eastern side. 


PHOETHORNIS SYRMATOPHORUS BERLEPSCHI (Hartert). 


Phaethornis berlepschi Harrert, Noy. Zool., I, 1894, p. 56. 

A‘single example from Milligalli, west Ecuador, seems to be typical 
of berlepschi, which evidently represents true syrmatophorus on the 
west side of the Andes. Apparently typical specimens of berlepschi 
from Quito are in the collection of the National Museum. 


The single specimen was shot whilst hovering over a bush on the river bank. I 
was told that these birds used to be very plentiful in this locality, but of recent years 
they have almost entirely disappeared. 


PHOETHORNIS GRISEOGULARIS Gould. 
Phaethornis griseogularis Goutp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, p. 115. 


Three specimens, from Archidona, east Eeuador. While the best 
character separating this species from 7. str//gular/s seems to be 
the color of the tail, yet the deep, almost uniform rufous of the lower 
surface will almost, if not quite, always serve to distinguish the 
present bird. 

Confined to the eastern forests, and we did not once see them in the open. They 
have much the habits of Phoethornis. 


PHOETHORNIS STRIIGULARIS ATRIMENTALIS (Lawrence). 
Phaethornis atrimentalis LAwrencr, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., VI, 1858, p. 260. 


Two specimens, from Milligalli, west Ecuador. These differ from 
Colombian birds in being brighter, more rufescent below, and in 
having the chin together with the upper throat less conspicuously 
streaked with dusky. These differences appear to be sufficient for the 
recognition of the Ecuador bird as a geographical race. The type of 


314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


striigularis came from Bogota,' as did also the type of amaura,’ leay- 
ing atrimentalis,’ based on a specimen from between Quito and the 
headwaters of the Rio Napo, as the proper name for the present form. 

Was met with only on the western side, but at a much higher altitude (6,000 feet) 
than P. griseogularis on the eastern side, and, unlike the latter bird, frequented the 
clearings. Both species continually uttered a sharp call note, remarkably loud for 
the size of the bird. 


EUTOXERES CONDAMINI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus condamini Bourcier, Compt. Rend. Ae. Sci., XXXII, 1851, p. 187. 
Eutoxveres condaminii Goutp, Mon. Troch., I, 1851, pl. rv. : 


Two specimens, from Archidona, east Ecuador, 


This very distinct species is contined solely to the forests at the foot of the eastern 
side of the eastern Andes, but seemed to be rare, as we saw only the two specimens 
procured. Its habits resemble those of the following species [ Hutoxeres aquila heterura 
and Eutoxeres baroni] and, like them, feeds on the wild plantain flowers. 


EUTOXERES AQUILA HETERURA (Gould). 


Eutoxveres heterura Goutp, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., I, 1868, p. 456. 
Eutoxeres aquila heterurus TaczaAnowskt and Beruepscu, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 
1885, p. 102. 

Sixteen specimens, all from Santo Domingo, west Ecuador. These 
exhibit, with comparatively little variation, the characters*of Aeterura. 
The females, though in color practically identical with the males, are 
in size somewhat less. In immature birds the feathers of the upper 
surface have narrow dull buffy edgings. 

At Santo Domingo, on the western side of the western Andes, we found these 
birds plentiful during the month of October. They live among the thick under- 
growth of the hot forests, are never seen out in the open, and feed on the flowers 
of the wild plantain, their curved bills exactly fitting the shape of the flowers. 
Their stomachs always contained many small insects. In their dark haunts, where 
little light penetrated, they were difficult birds to see, as they have a rapid, jerky 

. o . . ‘ 
flight. It was often only the loud humming noise made by their wings that betrayed 
their presence. Sometimes they would hover for some seconds within two feet of 
one’s face or an inch or two from the end of the gun or blowpipe, and then suddenly 
dart off again. Once I caught in a butterfly net one hovering thus. 

The localities Quito and Sarayacu, on the labels of the British Museum catalogue, 
are quite erroneous. The base of the lower mandible is very yellow in life. Local 
name, ‘‘ Pico ecuryo.”’ 


EUTOXERES BARONI E and Cl. Hartert. 
Hutoweres baroni Exnsr and Cu. Harrertr, Nov. Zool., I, 1894, p. 54. 
A single specimen, from Santo Domingo, west Ecuador, is referred 
to this species. Though closely allied to Hutoveres a. heterura, FE. 
haroni is apparently distinct. This example exhibits the characters 


‘Gould, Mon. Troch., I, 1854, pl. xxxvu. : 
? Bourcier, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1856, p. 552. 
* Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1858, p. 260. 


rea oe 


_—— = - See 


/ 


NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. B15 


assigned by Hartert in his original description, the small white tips to 
the tail feathers readily distinguishing it from allied forms. Judging 
by the present specimen, /. baron: is decidedly larger than £. 
heterura. 
CAMPYLOPTERUS OBSCURUS Gould. 
Campylopterus obscurus GouLtp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1848, p. 13. 

Two specimens, from Baeza and Archidona village, east Ecuador, 
respectively. The female is like the male in color, but has a shorter 
wing and tail, with a /onger bill. Both of these are apparently iden- 
tical with an example from Peru. 


This is a forest haunting species, and the pair obtained were shot whilst feeding on 
the flowers of an orchid. 


CAMPYLOPTERUS LAZULUS (Vieillot). 
Trochilus lazulus VirttLot, Tabl. Eneye. Méth., II, 1822, p. 557. 
Campylopterus lazulus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium., I, 1850, p. 7] 
Nine specimens, from Baeza and Archidona, east Ecuador. These 
apparently do not differ from Colombian birds. The color of the 
throat varies considerably, ranging from violet to almost pure blue. 


Found on only the eastern side of the eastern Andes, and most of our specimens 
were shot while feeding on the flowers of the tobacco plants growing around the 
huts at Baeza. The iris was distinctly dark red in the males, but a young male 
and a female shot above Archidona both had the irises black. Local name, ‘‘ Ala 
hueso’’—bone wing. 


CAMPYLOPTERUS VILLAVISCENSIO (Bourcier). 


Trochilus villaviscensio Bourcrer, Compt. Rend. Ac. Sci., X XXII, 1851, p. 187. 
Campylopterus villavicencio GouLp, Mon. Troch., II, 1859, pl. xiv. 
One adult male, from Baeza, east Ecuador. 


The single specimen of this species was shot around the tobacco plants at Baeza. 


FLORISUGA MELLIVORA (Linnzus.) 


Trochilus mellivorus Lixnxws, Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 121. 
Florisuga mellivorus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium., I, 1850, p. 73 


Two specimens, from the vicinity of Baeza, east Ecuador. One of 


‘these is an immature male with the center of the throat blue. This 
‘species is very constant throughout its range, for there seems to be 


scarcely any difference between birds from Guatemala, Ecuador, and 
Trinidad. 
PATAGONA GIGAS (Vieillot). 


Trochilus gigas VieruioT, Gal. Ois., I, 1825, p. 296, pl. cLXxx. 
Patagona gigas Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 75. 

Six specimens from Guapalo and elsewhere in the valley of Chillo, 
near Quito, and from the road between there and Papallacta, Ecuador. 
This extends the range of the species to northern Ecuador, as 
Riobamba seems to be the northernmost previous record. 


316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


There seems to be considerable variation in the color of Patagona 
gigas that is not satisfactorily ascribable to sex or age. The lower 
surface in the present examples ranges from a dull mottled brown to 
an almost uniform chestnut-rufous. 


They feed on the flowers of the giant aloes. Local name, ‘‘ Quinde golondrina’’—- 
the swallow humming bird. They are occasionally seen in the gardens of Quito. 


AGYRTRIA VIRIDICEPS (Gould). 


Thaumatias viridiceps Goutp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1860, p. 307. 
Agyrtria viridiceps Heinen, Journ. f. Orn., 1863, p. 185. 

Seven specimens from Santo Domingo,-west Ecuador. The females 
appear to have the crown and forehead noticeably duller than the 
males, and possess, furthermore, a distinct blackish subterminal bar on 
the tail-feathers. This latter is, however, sometimes indicated in 
the males. 

AGYRTRIA FLUVIATILIS (Gould). 


Thaumatias fluviatiis Gouup, Introd. Troch., 1861, p. 154. 
Agyrtria fluviatilis Henk, Journ. f. Orn., 1863, p. 184. 
One apparently typical adult male, from Archidona village, east 


Ecuador. 
AGYRTRIA AMABILIS (Gould). 


Trochilus ( ?) amabilis Gouin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1851, p. 115. 
Agyrtria amabilis Hartert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 48. 


Five specimens from near Guayaquil, Ecuador. Careful compar- 
ison with a series from Central America and Colombia fails to reveal 
any essential difference. It seems impossible to find any structural 
characters to separate Polyerata from Agyrtria. 


LEPIDOPYGA GOUDOTI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus goudoti Bourcrgr, Rey. Zool., 1848, p. 100. 
Lepidopyga goudoti Simon, Cat. Troch., 1897, p. 12. 

The one specimen cf this species in the collection was taken by Mr. 
Goodfellow from an Indian necklace at Santo Domingo, Ecuador; but 
themake of the skin strongly suggests the probability that it originally 
came from the neighborhood of Bogota, Colombia. The fact that the 
species has never been recorded from Ecuador serves to strengthen 
this opinion. 

Personally we never recognized any of these birds alive, and this single specimen 


I found a Colorado Indian woman wearing on her necklace at Santo Domingo. I 
was told it had been shot in that neighborhood. 


SAUCEROTTIA EDWARD (Delattre and Beurcier). 


Trochilus edward DruatTrRE and Bovurctmr, Rey. Zool., 1846, p. 308. 
Saucerottia edvardi ScLaTER and Satyr, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, p. 365. 


Two specimens from Santo Domingo, west Ecuador, add the species 


NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 317 


to the fauna of Ecuador, thus extending its range more than 500 miles. 
A careful comparison of these Ecuador birds with a series from Panama 
fails to reveal any tangible difference. 


AMIZILIS TZACATL JUCUNDA (Heine). 


Eranna jucunda Herne, Journ. fur Orn., 1863, p. 188. 
Amazilia tzacatl jucunda Harrert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 229. 
Three specimens from Santo Domingo, west Ecuador, apparently 
fa) « 
typical of this race. 
Generally seen feeding with A. dumeri/ii. 


AMIZILIS DUMERILII (Lesson). 


Amizilis dumerili OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1899, p. 207. 


Fourteen specimens from Santo Domingo, west Ecuador. These 
seem to be identical with examples from Puna Island and Guayaquil. 
There is considerable variation, aside from that ascribable to sex, in 
the extent and shade of the rufous on the lower parts. 


Found feeding in the small clearing of Santo Domingo, western Ecuador, on the 
low bushes and plants. 


HYLOCHARIS GRAYI (Delattre and Bourcier). 


Trochilus grayi DELATTRE and Bourctgr, Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 307. 
Hylocharis grayi Bonaparts, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 74. 

Twenty specimens, from Chota Valley; La Juna, above Chota Val- 
ley, north Ecuador; and Patia Valley, southern Colombia. 

The Chota Valley, where we obtained most of our specimens, is a hot, sandy, burnt- 
up valley in the north of Ecuador, with precipitous sides covered in parts with 
thorny bushes and acacias which during our visit were devoid of all trace of green; 
and it was a wonder what these birds could possibly find to feed on there. In life 
the bill is almost wholly pale flesh color, and on two occasions when I saw them 
copulating the bill of the male became a diffused blood color. In Quito they are 
called ‘‘Chotas,’’ but they are not found nearer to that city than the Chota Valley. 

Mr. Hartert is apparently right in uniting Hucephala and [Lylocha 
ris, for structurally they can not be distinguished. 


CHRYSURONIA OENONE OENONE (Lesson). 


Ornismya oenone Lesson, Hist. Nat. Colibris, suppl., 1832, p. 157, pl. xxx. 
Chrysuronia oenone BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 75. 
Ten specimens, from Archidona, Baeza, and Rio Napo, east Ecuador. 
These are typical of true venone, as is shown by comparison with birds 
from Trinidad and Colombia. 


318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. pO 


DAMOPHILA JULIE FELICIANA (Lesson). 


Ornismya feliciana Lesson, Rey. Zool., 1844, p. 433. 
Damophila julie feliciana Harrert, Novit. Zool., V, 1898, p. 494. 
Fifteen specimens, from Santo Domingo, and near Guayaquil, west 
Ecuador. The only difference between the present form and true 
Damophila julie seems to be the longer bill of the former. 


CHLOROSTILBON MELANORHYNCHUS Gould. 
Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus Goutp, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 308. 


Twenty-four specimens, all males, from Jombaco and Chillo Valley, 
Ecuador. They seem to be identical with birds from Colombia, and 
in color exhibit a comparatively small amount of individual variation. 


A large series of males from the Chillo Valley, near Quito, where a great influx of 
them took place about January. We were unable to secure even one female. They 
feed on the guaya flowers, and also on flowering acacias. Local name, “ Verdes.”’ 


CHLOROSTILBON PUMILUS Gould. 


Chiorostilbon pumilus GouLp, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., IX, 1872, p. 195. 

A single female from near Guayaquil, Ecuador, is apparently refer- 
able to this species. It differs from the same sex of Ch/orostilbon 
melanorhynchus in its decidedly smaller size, but is practically indis- 
tinguishable in color. 

CHLOROSTILBON PRASINUS DAPHNE (Gould). 
Chlorostilbon daphne Govutp, Introd. Troch., 1861, p. 177. 
Chlorostilbon prasinus daphne Hartert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 77. 

Seven adult males from Archidona, east Ecuador. All are in per- 
fect plumage and bear out the subspecific characters assigned by 
Hartert.* 


From Archidona, at the foot of the eastern Andes, near the headwaters of the 
Napo. Seen only in the evenings around the orange trees. 


CHLOROSTILBON STENURUS (Cabanis and Heine). 


Panychlora stenura CABANIs and Herne, Mus. Hein., III, 1860, p. 50. 
Chlorostilbon stenura Mutsaxnt and Verreaux, Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cher- 
bourg, XII, 1866, p. 186. 
Two adult females from Baeza, east Ecuador, belong apparently to 
this species. 
THALURANIA HYPOCHLORA Gould. 


Thalurania hypochlora Gout, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, pp. 803, 804. 


Five specimens, all males, from Gualea, west Ecuador. In some of 
these the green of the sides of the body has a noticeable bluish tinge. 


1 Tierreich, IX, i900, p. 77. 


NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. oy) 


THALURANIA FANNY/I (Delattre and Bourcier). 


Trochilus fanny’ Devarrre and Bourcigr, Rey. Zool., 1846, p. 310. 
Thalurania fanny BONAPARTE, Rey. Zool., 1854, p. 254. 

Eleven specimens, from Nanegal, Gualea, and Milligaili, west Ecua- 
dor. There is considerable difference in the shade of the abdomen in 
the different adult males, this ranging from a rich violet purple to deep 
blue with but a slight tinge of violet. The four adult females are of 
unusual interest, for they prove beyond much doubt that the female 
of this species is, as supposed by Salvin,’ quite different from the same 
sex of Thaluvania eriphile in having the abdomen dull brownish slate 
color glossed with metallic green, instead of being like the rest of 
the under surface, dull grayish white. Mr. Hartert’s opinion’ that 
this represents the plumage of only the young male seems not to be 
correct, as a young male in the present collection is apparently not 
distinguishable from the adult females. 


THALURANIA NIGROFASCIATA (Gould). 


Trochilus ( ?) nigrofasciata GouLp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1846, p. 89. 
Thalurania nigrofasciata Gouup, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1852, p. 8. 
Three specimens, from Archidona, east Ecuador, April, 1899, 
seem not separable from Colombian examples. 


COLIBRI DELPHINAE (Lesson). 


Ornismya delphinae Lesson, Rey. Zool., 1839, p. 44. 
Colibri delphinae Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 69. 
Five specimens, from Mindo and Gualea, west Ecuador. These 
apparently differ in no essential respect from either Guatemala or 
Guiana examples. 


COLIBRI CYANOTUS (Bourcier and Mulsant). 


Trochilus cyanotus Bourcrer and Mutsanr, Ann. Se. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, VI, 
1843, p. 41. 
Colibri cyanotis BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 69. 

Three examples, from Baeza, east Ecuador. Seemingly identical 
with birds from Venezuela, the type locality; but evidently not fully 
adult, as there are traces of ochraceous edging to some of the feathers, 
and the lower tail-coverts are largely ochraceous. The kinship of this 
species to Colibri thalassinus of Mexico and Guatemala is evidenced 
by the strongly bluish tinge of the central abdomen in the Costa 
Rican race, Colibri cyanotus cabanid/s (Heine), but this does not appear 
to bridge the gap between ¢halassinus and cyanotus sutticiently to 
render a trinomial necessary for the latter. 


‘Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 82. *Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 85. 


320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


: COLIBRI IOLATUS (Gould). 


Petasophora iolata Gouup, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1847, p. 9. 
Colibri jolata BoNAPArtE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 69. 
Colibri iolatus Harrert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 94. 


Forty-eight specimens, from Chillo Valley, Jambillo, Aloag, Quito, 
Papallacta, Valle de Viciosa, and Jablon, Ecuador; Pasto, United 
States of Colombia. Birds of this series from the eastern side of 
the mountains average more golden green both above and below than 
those fromthe western slope, but as this character does not appear to 
be at all coincident with geographical distribution, it can not be used 
as the basis for subspecific separation. Examples of both styles of col- 
oration occur in the same localities in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Colombia; 
and, furthermore, neither is confined to one side of the Andes. 


This is another hummingbird very common in Quito and its environs and indeed all 
over Ecuador, at altitudes of from about 8,500 to 11,500 feet. We found it particularly 
plentiful in the Chillo Valley when the guava flowers were out. It does not range 
to so high an altitude on the western Andes as it does on the eastern ranges. I had 
these birds constantly under observation during our stay at the British consulate 
in Quito, and they appeared to nest in the courtyards there nearly all the year round. 
When the nest was destroyed by mice, another one was immediately started elsewhere. 
They were placed in all sorts of positions, in the creepers by the sides of the doors 
and windows, and in low trees. One nest was built in a loquat tree and much exposed 
to the rain. After a few days I noticed the female bird drawing together a few of 
the large leaves overhead, and securing them in position with cobwebs, which canopy 
afterwards quite protected her from the rain. These birds would never tolerate the 
presence of others of even the same species in the garden when nesting, and chased 
away other birds much larger than themselves. On one occasion they pulled to 
pieces the nest of a Diglossa aterrima and drove its owners away. They feed largely 
on small insects, darting into the air and taking them on the wing. The young put 
their bills right down the throats of the females when feeding. On many oceasions 
the parent birds have flown into the room where I have been skinning birds and 
seized small pieces of cotton wool from my work table with which to build their 
nests. They also searched all the corners of the ceiling for spiders. When the first 
egg is laid, the male bird entirely disappears from the garden and never once comes 
near it again until the young have flown. On several occasions I saw them copulating 
in the air, when the male spreads out the blue feathers on the sides of the neck, the 
only time at which I have seen him do it. The local name is ‘‘Quinde real’’—royal 
hummingbird. 


COLIBRI BUCKLEYI (Gould). 


Pinarolema buckleyi Goutp, Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., V, 1880, p. 489. 
Colibri buckleyi Harrert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 95. 

Asingle specimen from Puembo, Chillo Valley, near Quito, Ecuador, 
taken in December, 1898. The type of this very interesting species 
was collected by Buckley at Misqui, Bolivia, and up to the present 
has remained unique. The example here recorded thus considerably 
extends the bird’s range. This specimen is a male in perfect plumage 
and is apparently adult. Details of coloration evident in this indi- 
vidual, but not mentioned in descriptions of the type, are the pale 


No. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. B21 


7 


‘brown terminal band on the tail and the metallic green auriculars; 

‘but in other respects it seems to agree with the type. 

This bird exactly resembles the only other specimen known, which is in the 
British Museum collection, and which Gould considered a distinct species and named 
after its collector. Our specimen was shot in the Chillo Valley near Quito, and was 

feeding on the aloe flowers in company with Patagona gigas. 

There appear to be absolutely no structural differences to separate 
this species generically, and Mr. Hartert has very properly placed it 
‘in the genus Colibri (= Petasophora)*. Indeed, there are not lacking 
indications that it may prove eventually to be but a peculiar color phase 
‘of Colibri tolatus (= Petasophora iolata), corresponding to that of the 
specimen of Ocreatus melanantherus described hereafter. 


> ANTHRACOTHORAX VIOLICAUDUS IRIDESCENS (Gould). 


Lampornis iridescens Gouin, Introd. Troch., 1861, p. 65. 

Six specimens from the vicinity of Nanegal, Ecuador. These are 
subspecifically distinguishable from true w/olicaudus of northeastern 
South America, and should bear the name above given. They differ 
from the typical form by reason of a decided bluish tinge on throat 
and breast, and also in the usually longer bill. 

Confined to the western side, and I believe we obtained all our specimens in the 
banana plantations at Nanegal, where I frequently saw them hovering among the 


ragged leaves hanging down the trunks of the banana trees. Local name, “ Plata- 
neros negros.”’ 


TOPAZA PELLA PAMPREPTA, new subspecies. 


Three adult males, all from Suno, on the Rio Napo, east Ecuador. 
These extend the range of the species a long distance to the westward, 
and add it to the fauna of Ecuador. They differ from typical Zopaza 
pella from British Guiana in the very much greater length of the long 
tail feathers and in the somewhat shorter wing. There appears to 
be absolutely no constant difference in color, but the discrepancy in 
Size is so marked that it seems advisable to recognize the Ecuador 
bird in nomenclature. It may be described as follows: 

Type.—Male, adult, No. 174294, U. S. N. M.; Suno, Rio Napo, 
Ecuador, May, 1899; Goodfellow and Hamilton. Top and sides of 
head velvety purplish black; cervix and sides of neck rich metallic 
Maroon purple; back shining reddish orange, shading posteriorly into 
the bright metallic green of the upper tail-coverts; wings fuscus with 
# purplish gloss, the innermost secondaries chestnut, the superior 
coverts like the back; tail chestnut, the two middle pairs metallic 
‘green, the succeeding pair much elongated, purplish black; throat 
glittering greenish yellow; jugular band purplish black, continuous 


——___. 


1Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 95. 
Proc. N. M.-vol. xxiv—01 21 


322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


with that of sides of neck; breast maroon like the cervix, and shading 
posteriorly into a more reddish shade; crissum shining green; lining 
of wing chestnut. 

The following table of measurements expresses best the difference 
between the two races of this species: 


| ss . | 
Tail (chord | 
Name. Sex. | Loeality. Wing. of longest pees 
| feather), (| eave ene 
| 
Topaza pella pella ......---- Malemssecee |, British Guiana cesses 84 92 25 
FRegb Ose tT An EET CRO mp ea aeeeEe O sein od|izeag COS e see aaa e eee 82 88 24.5 
Topaza pella pampreptal...|..--- (Koeeoe | Suno, Ecuador ........... 77 122 24.5 
IDI) . 658 oS555>Sacencasroa| Sapee Ofer air (OIGiereerabl-aoconseeke 78 108 23 


Frequent in the edges of the forests around the small Indian clearings, and we 
also observed a few of them along the forest-covered banks of the smaller rivers 
running into the Napo, but they were by no means common anywhere. Local name, 
“Ureu-Quinde.”’ 2 

TOPAZA PYRA (Gould). 
Trochilus ( Topaza) pyra Gouin, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1846, p. 85. 
Topaza pyra Gray, Genera Birds I, 1848, p. 110. 

One adult male of this magnificent and decidedly uncommon species, 
from Coca, on the Rio Napo, east Ecuador. 

This single specimen was shot at the mouth of the Curarai, the largest tributary 


of the Napo. They are probably even rarer than T. pella, and are, I believe, not 
found on the upper waters of the Napo. 


OREOTROCHILUS CHIMBORAZO (Delattre and Bourcier). 


Trochilus chimborazo DeLaTrrE and Bourcrigr, Rey. Zool., 1846, p. 305. 
Oreotrochilus chimborazo GouLp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1847, p. 10. 
Three adult males from the voleano of Chimborazo, west Ecuador. 


This species, I believe, is never met with north of Chimborazo. It occurs at alti- 
tudes of from 12,000 to 15,000 feet, though according to Hartert, to 17,000 feet, 
but this must be a mistake, as 16,000 feet is the snow line at the equator in 
Ecuador, and it is not likely to be found above that. Its local name is “ Estrella 
de Chimborazo.”’ 


OREOTROCHILUS JAMESONII Jardine. 


Oreotrochilus jamesonii JARDINE, Contr. Orn., 1849, p. 67. 
Oreotrochilus chimborazo jamesonti HARTERT, Tierreich IX, 1900, p. 109. 

Thirty specimens, from Pichincha, Antisana, and Cotopaxi, Ecuador. 
There is no apparent difference between the birds from Antisana and 
Cotopaxi and those from Pichincha. There is in all this splendid 
series not the slightest indication of intergradation with O. chimborazo; 
therefore we do not follow Hartert’ in using a trinomial. 

Now very much rarer on Pichincha than formerly. They are in fine plumage in 
December, and during that month in 1898 we found them plentiful near the snow 


1Tierreich [X, 1900, p. 109. 


No. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 323 


on the western side of Antisana in the eastern Cordillera, but not on the eastern 
side of that mountain. They do not remain here all the year round, and some years 
very few come. Females were remarkably in the minority, this possibly to be 
accounted for by later arrival or the use of other feeding grounds. Local name, 
*“Pecho blanco’’—white chest. 


UROCHROA BOUGUERI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus bougueri Bourcier, Compt. Rend. Ac. Sci., XXXII, 1851, p. 186. 
Urochroa bougueri GouLtp, Mon. Troch., II, 1856, pl. tv. 

Two adult males from near Quito, Ecuador. They were taken in 
the Guallabamba, which the collectors describe as ‘‘a deep, hot ravine 
north of Quito.” 

From the rocky ravine of the Guallabamba at about 7,000 feet. They appeared 
swiiter on the wing than any other hummingbird I can remember, and were conse- 


quently difficult to shoot, so that a gun had to be used, it being impossible to aim at 
_ them with a blowpipe. 


CLYTOLAEMA AURESCENS (Gould). 


Trochilus (Lampornis) aurescens Gouin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1846, p. 88. 
Clytolema aurescens GouLp, Mon. Troch., IV, 1861, pl. cc. 
Two adult males from Napo village, east Ecuador. These are 
identical with a specimen from Pebas, Peru. 


PHAIOLAIMA AEQUATORIALIS Gould. 
Phaiolaima xquatorialis Goutp, Mon. Troch., IV, 1860, pl. ccixrx. 


Six specimens from Canzacota, west Ecuador. The female differs 
fromthe male in lacking the glittering throat spot, in having the green 
of the chin much mixed with buffy, and the bend of the wing less red- 
dish. From the female of Phadtolaima rubinoides, which the female 
of the present species closely resembles, it may be separated by the 
longer bill, usually darker head, and paler under parts. This species 
is confined apparently to the western side of the Andes. Though 
closely allied to rubinoides, it seems to be a distinct species. 


All our specimens were obtained at Canzacota, at 6,500 feet elevation. They are 
not common, appearing here only periodically, and are called locally ‘‘Canzacotas.’’ 


PHAIOLAIMA CERVINIGULARIS Salvin. 
Pheolema cervinigularis SALviy, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X VI, 1892, p. 325. 


Seven males, from Baeza, and from Cosanga, below Baeza on the 
road to Archidona—both localities in east Ecuador. These examples 
are exceedingly interesting, since they determine for the first time 
the exact habitat of the species. The two type specimens which are 
now in the British Museum, and which seem to be the only ones hitherto 
recorded, were without definite locality data, but were supposed by 
Mr. Salvin to have come from Eeuador. Phaiolaima cerviniqularis 
apparently replaces Phaiolaima aequatorialis on the eastern side of the 


324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


mountains, and, though closely allied to the latter, is apparently dis- — 
tinct. The immature male of cera/nigularés does not materially differ 
from the adult, except in the absence of the glittering gular patch. 
The female is probably like the young male. The present species 
may be distinguished from 7whinoides by its somewhat larger size, this 
most evident in the bill; by the lack of green on the chin and sides of 
the throat; and by the usually paler under surface. The gular spot 
has generally a more coppery tinge, but this is not diagnostic. From 
acquatorialis, cervinigularis differs in the less extent of the glittering 
green of the crown, the lack of green on the chin and sides of the 
throat, and in the almost entire absence of reddish tinge in the color 
of the bend of the wing. 


This is the eastern variety of the western P. aequatorialis. Their stomachs con- 
tained chiefly insects, but they also feed on the flowers of a tall tree. 


HELIODOXA LEADBEATERI (Bourcier and Mulsant.) 


Trochilus leadbeateri BourcreR and Muusant, Ann. Sc. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, VI, 
1438, p. 48. 
FHeliodoxa leadbeateri Goutpy Mon. Troch., I1, 1860, pl. xevit. 

Two males, one each from Archidona and Baeza, east Ecuador. 
The status of the Ecuador bird can not be determined by our material. 
In one of the specimens in this collection the bill is unusually long 
even for true /eadbeater’, while in the other it is as short as in Helio- 
doxa l. parvula. 


HELIODOXA JACULA JAMERSONI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus jamersoni Bourcter, Compt. Rend. Ac. Sci., XXXII, 1851, p. 187. 
Heliodoxa jacula jamesoni Harrert, Noyit. Zool., V, 1898, p. 494. 

Nine specimens, from Santo Domingo, west Ecuador. The female 
of jamersoni is distinguishable from that of true jacula by its longer 
bill and by the lack of buffy suffusion on the abdomen, in this latter | 
character resembling //eliodoxa jacula henryi of Costa Rica. 

In fine plumage at Santo Domingo in October, and were found about the clearings. 
I took from a guava tree a nest containing 2 eggs belonging to these birds. It was 


very neat, covered on the outside with flat, pale-gray moss, and lined inside with soft, 
brown vegetable down resembling vicufia. 


IONOLAIMA SCHREIBERSII (Bourcier). 
Trochilus schreibersii Bourcirr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. 48 (Loddiges 
manuscript). 
Tonolaima schreibersi Goutp, Mon. Troch., I1, 1857, pl. xem. 
Three specimens from Baeza, east Ecuador. One of these, appar- 
ently an immature female, has no black on the lower surface, has green 
instead of blue lower tail-coverts, and green middle tail-feathers. | 


NO, 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 325 


EUGENIA IMPERATRIX Gould. 
Eugenia imperatrix Gouup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, p. 192. 
Ten specimens, from Gualea, west Ecuador. The females are appre- 


ciably smaller than the males, and lack the attenuation of the tail. 


HELIANTHEA LUTETIAE LUTETIAE (Delattre and Bourcier). 


Trochilus lutetie DELATTRE and Bourctsr, Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 307. 
Helianthea lutetiae BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ayium, [, 1850, p. 74. 


Twenty-seven specimens, from Atcatzo, Quito, and Pichincha, Ecua- 


_ dor—chiefly from the last-mentioned locality. Judging from this series, 


ee 


the immature females lack the glittering green forehead, though in 
other respects they are similar to the adults. 
We found these birds exceedingly common on Pichincha in November, December, 


and January, between 9,000 and 12,000 feet. We never met with them on the 
eastern Andes. Local name, ‘‘Ala blanca’’—white wings. 


HELIANTHEA LUTETIAE HAMILTONI (Goodfellow). 


Helianthea hamiltoni Goopre.iow, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, X, 1900, No. LXIX, p. 
xlviil. 

Fifteen specimens, all from Papallacta, east Ecuador. 

The males differ from //elianthea lutetiae lutetiae chietly in the more 
golden shade of the green portions of the plumage, and indicate by 
their individual variation that Awmz/ton7 is but a subspecies of /nfet/ae, 
which latter it represents on the eastern side of the Andes. The same 
difference in the hue of the green exists in the females, and an addi- 
tional character in this sex of ham/ton7 is the decidedly deeper ochrace- 
ous of the throat. 

In a communication addressed to the authorities of the United States 
National Museum, Mr. Goodfellow assured them that the type of 
Lelianthea hamilton’ was among the examples of this form trans- 
mitted with the rest of the collection. As he failed in the original 
description to designate the specimen, there has been selected as type 
the one which corresponds to the measurements given. This is No. 
173708, U.S.N.M., and was taken at Papallacta, east Ecuador, in 


_ February, 1899. 


We met with this species only on the eastern side of the Andes. 


HELIANTHEA TORQUATA (Boissonneau). 


Ornismia torquata Botssonneat, Rey. Zool., 1840, p. 6. 
Bourcieria torquatus BoNAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 73. 
Helianthea torquata Harrert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 130. 
Ten specimens from Baeza, east Ecuador. These apparently do not 
differ from Bogota examples. Young males, almost like the adults in 
other respects, still lack the violet crown patch. 


Found only on the eastern side of the eastern Andes. 


326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


HELIANTHEA FULGIDIGULA (Gould). 
Bourcieria fulgidigula Goutp, Mon. Troch., IV, 1854, p. 252. 
Helianthea fulgidigula Harrert, Tierreich, TX, 1900, p. 181. 

Twenty-one specimens, from the following’ localities in western 
Ecuador: Canzacota; lower west side of Pichincha; lower west side 
of Corazén; Mindo, west side of Pichincha; and above Milligalli. 
There is considerable individual variation in the green of the throat, 
and as well in the metallic crown patch, this latter ranging from violet 
purple to greenish blue. 

Confined to the western side of the western Andes, and were common and in good 
plumage at Canzacota in September. They frequent the more open parts of the 


mountain sides, and in the morning were generally seen sitting about sunning them- 
selves. Local name, ‘‘Cravata blanca.”’ 


HELIANTHEA COELIGENA COLUMBIANA (Elliot). 


Lampropygia columbiana Exxtor, Ibis, 1876, p. 57. 
Helianthea coeligena columbiana Harrert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 182. 
Seventeen specimens, all from Baeza, east Ecuador. They seem to 
be identical with birds from Colombia. 
Confined to the eastern side of the eastern Andes, and were common at Baeza in 
March. 
HELIANTHEA WILSONI (Delattre and Bourcier). 


Trochilus wilsoni DELATTRE and BourctsrR, Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 305. 
Helianthea wilsont Harrert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 133. 
Seven specimens from Milligalli, west Ecuador. The one imma- 
ture female is noticeably darker throughout than the adult of the 
same sex. 


SJonfined to the western Andes. 


DIPHOGENA! IRIS (Gould). 


Helianthea iris Goutp, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1853, p. 61. 
Diphogena iris GouLtp, Mon. Troch., IV, 1854, pl. ccxivm. 

This magnificent species is represented in the collection by a single 
adult male, from the west side of Pichincha, Ecuador. 

Lower west side of Pichincha, at about 7,500 feet. They are very rapid flyers and 
difficult to shoot as they dart in and out among the rocks of the narrow torrents and 
ravines. 

DIPHOGENA HESPERUS Gould. 
Diphlogena hesperus Goutp, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XV, 1865, p. 129. 

Two specimens, from Mindo, west Ecuador. One of these is an 
immature male and differs from the adult of the same sex in the fol- 
lowing particulars, indicating a condition almost adult: The lower 
parts are duller, owing principally to buffy and rufous edgings, par- 


1 Diphogena is the original spelling. 


NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. B27 


ticularly on the posterior portions; the violet throat spot is wanting; 
the green of the upper surface is more bronzy; remainder of upper 
parts much duller, the violet blue of the center of the crown barely 
indicated, the metallic coppery red of the sides of the crown extend- 
ing backward over the nape. 


LAFRESNAYA SAUL (Delattre and Bourcier). 


a 


Trochilus saul DELATTRE and Bourctgr, Rey. Zool., 1846, p. 309. 
Lafresnaya saulae BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 68. 

Twenty-four specimens, from Pichincha, Lloa, west side of Corazén, 
and above Milligalli, west Ecuador; Papallacta, east Ecuador; and 
Pasto, Colombia. Birds from the east and west sides of the moun- 
tains seem to be alike. The single example, an immature female, 
from Pasto, Colombia, differs from the others in being much more 
ochraceous below, particularly on the anterior parts, this being fully 
as conspicuous as in many specimens of L. lafresnay/. 

We met with them in both ranges of the Andes at elevations of from 10,000 to 
12,500 feet, but the greater number of those we obtained were in immature plumage, 
especially those from the eastern Andes shot in February. At times they are fairly 


plentiful around the village of Lloa, on Pichincha; and in Quito they are called 
‘*Pico eurvo de Lloa.’’ 


ENSIFERA ENSIFERA SCHLIEPHACKEI (Heine). 


Docimastes schliephackei HEINE, Journ. f. Orn., 1863, p. 215. 
Docimastes ensiferus schliephackei BERLEPScH and TaczAaNnowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soc., 
Lond., 1884, p. 304. 

Thirty-seven specimens, from Papallacta, on the east side of the 
Andes, and Pichincha, west Ecuador. There seems to be no differ- 
ence between the birds from the two sides of the mountains, but, 
judging from the present series, the Ecuador form of £) ensifera 
is worthy of subspecific recognition. The distinction lies apparently 
in the bill alone, which in the Ecuador form averages much longer 
than in true ensiferu. With regard to the constancy of this char- 
acter, it may be said that out of the present series there are but ten 
having the bill not longer than the /ongest billed example from a series 
of Colombian specimens. Thus, though this difference can not be 
regarded as absolute, it is so decided and obtains in so large a majority 
of the specimens that it is fully as worthy of recognition as similar 
differences in other cases which pass unchallenged. 

Feed on the flowers of the long Datura. The bills of the females average longer 
than those of the males. They frequent both ranges of the Andes, but personally 


we met with them only on the eastern sides of the two ranges, at altitudes between 
9,000 and 11,500 feet. Local name, ‘‘ Pico largo.’’ 


328 PROCEEDINGS .OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIY. 


PTEROPHANES TEMMINCKII (Boissonneau). 


Ornismya temminckii BotssoNNEAU, Rey. Zool., 1839, p. 354. 
Pterophanes temmincki Goutp, Mon. Troch., III, 1849, pl. cuxxvut. 

Seventeen specimeas, from Pichincha and Corazén, Ecuador. This 
fine series has been carefully compared with birds from Colombia, but 
they seem not to differ. Two immature males are like the adults save 
for a rather more golden cast to the plumage, together with the lack 
of steel blue on the primaries and the presence of rufous edgings on 
the feathers of throat and abdomen. 


At elevations of from 11,500 to 13,000 feet on Corazén and Pichincha, west Ecua- 
dor. Local name, ‘‘Gruesos.”’ 


AGLAEACTIS CUPRIPENNIS AEQUATORIALIS (Cabanis and Heine). 


Aglaiactis aequatorialis CaBANis and HEINE, Mus. Hein., ITI, 1860, p. 70. 
Agleactis cupripennis var. «equatorialis Mutsant and VERREAUX, Mém. Soc. Imp. 
Sci. Nat. de Cherbourg, XII, 1866, p. 210. 

Twenty-six specimens, from the following localities in Ecuador: 
Papallacta, Padregal, Corazén, Pichincha, and Mojanda. The separa- 
tion of aequatorialis from true cupripennis is based on very slight 
characters, and if the former stands at all it must be on average 
slightly greater size, more blackish chin, and darker under surface. 
Birds from the eastern side of the mountains in Ecuador are paler 
below than those from the west side, and in this respect scarcely dis- 
tinguishable from true cupripennis, but altogether they seem to he 
nearer dequatorialis. 

Met with in all parts of Ecuador at high altitudes, generally seen singly and 


perched on the summit of bushes uttering a mournful and monotonous note. Local 
name, ‘‘ Quinde cafe’’—coffee-colored humming bird. 


BOISSONNEAUVA MATTHEWSII (Bourcier). 


Trochilus matthewsii Bourctnr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. 43 (Loddiges 
manuscript). 
Boissonneaua matthewsii REICHENBACH, Troch. Enum., 1855, p. 8, pl. pccLXxXvII. 
Fifteen specimens, from Baeza, east Ecuador. Immature birds of 
both sexes have the middle of the lower surface chestnut, this color 
apparently spreading irregularly as the individual advances toward 
maturity. 
Met with only at Baeza, on the eastern side, where they were fairly plentifvl in 
March, but not in very good plumage. Local name, ‘‘ Pecho eafe.’’ 


BOISSONNEAUA JARDINI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus jardini Bourcrer, Compt. Rend. Ac. Sci., XX XII, 1851, p. 187. 
Boissonneauxia jardinei Stmon, Cat. Troch., 1897, p. 29. 
Boissonneaua jardinet Harrerr, Tierreich, 1X, 1900, p. 141. 


Eleven specimens, from Nanegal, west Ecuador. The females have 


ea 


No, 1298. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 329 


the feathers of the posterior abdomen very broadly tipped with dull 
ochraceous. 


In fine plumage in July and August. These birds are very local, and, unlike 
many species, they are not found all along the western Andes of Ecuador. Nanegal 
was the only place where we met with them, though we visited other places at the 
same altitude and with similar surroundings. Local name, ‘‘ Vicente.”’ 


BOISSONNEAUVA FLAVESCENS TINOCHLORA, new subspecies. 


Fifteen specimens, from Corazén, Pichincha, and Canzacota, west 
Eeuador. This series, when compared with an equally good series 
of Boissonneaua flavescens from Bogota, makes evident certain differ- 
ences which surely justify the subspecific separation of the former. 
The type of B. flavescens* came from Popayan, Colombia, and though 
intermediate, is probably nearest like the Bogota bird. The only 
other synonym is Ornismia paradisaea,’ described from Bogota; and 
the Ecuador form thus being without a name, may be described as 
follows: 

Type.—Adult male, No. 174520, U.S.N.M.; west side of Corazén, 
Ecuador, September, 1898; Goodfellow and Hamilton. Rich metallic 
green, the crown and breast glittering green; tail darker and duller 
than the back, the basal three-fourths of all but the middle pair of 
feathers buffy ochraceous; wing-quills purplish brown, the coverts 
like the back; abdomen feathers with buffy or whitish margins; lower 
tail-coverts buffy ochraceous, obsoletely spotted with dusky; tibial 
tufts white; axillars rufous; lining of wing metallic green. 

This race differs from true flavescens-in the very much broader 
green tips of the tail-feathers, particularly on the inner webs of the 
two outer pairs, where they occupy fully a quarter of the total length 
of the feathers; the wing quills are darker, more purplish; the middle 
tail-feathers are usually darker; the crissum and the buffy portions of 
the tail are darker. There is no essential difference in size. 

The statement by Hartert’ that in the young the butfy.of the out- 
ermost tail-feathers reaches to the tips does not hold in this form. 
Except for rusty edgings to some of the feathers, the immature male 
is in all respects very similar to the adult female. 


A good series collected on Corazon, west Ecuador, at elevations of from 11,000 to 
13,000 feet. It was somewhat strange that we never once saw one of these birds on 
the neighboring mountain of Pichincha, which almost joins Corazon. 


VESTIPEDES LUCIANI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus luciani Bourcier, Ann. Se. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, X, 1847, p. 624. 
Eriocnemis luciani Gourd, Mon. Troch., TV, 1853, pl. ceux x1r. 


Forty-six specimens, from the following localities in Ecuador: 


1 Loddiges, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1832, p. 7. 
* Boissonneau, Rey. Zool., 1840, p. 6. 
3Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 142. 


330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Mojanda; Padregal; Corazén; <Aloag, Coraz6én; Lloa, Pichincha; 
Pichincha. In this large series there is a surprisingly small amount 
of individual variation. 

Noted on the western Andes at elevations of from 9,000 to 12,000 feet. We found 
them exceedingly common on Pichincha during the months of November, Decem- 


ber, and January, when great numbers of them seemed to arrive suddenly. Local 
name, ‘‘ Palo blanco.’’ 


VESTIPEDES VESTITUS SMARAGDINIPECTUS (Gould). 


Eriocnemis smaragdinipectus GouLtp, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., I, 1868, p. 322. 
Eriocnemis vestita smaragdinipectus HARtTERT, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 145. 
Three adult males, from Papallacta, east Ecuador. This form is 
very close to true vestitus, but is probably retainable as a subspecies. 


From Papallacta, eastern Andes, 11,500 feet, in company with Laticauda primolina, 
Local name, ‘‘Calzones blancos.”’ 


VESTIPEDES MOSQUERA MOSQUERA (Delattre and Bourcier). 


Trochilus mosquera DELATTRE and Bourcrer, Rey. Zool., 1846, p. 306. 
Eriocnemis mosquera Goutp, Mon. Troch., IV, 1853, pl. ccuxxiv. 

Nine specimens, from Pichincha, Ecuador. So far as these examples 
indicate, the white bases of the feathers of the chin and upper throat 
are the mark of the male, as the five individuals so sexed have this 
marking, while the four females lack it entirely. This is exactly oppo- 
site to the opinion of Mr. Hartert,' who supposed it to be distinctive 
ot the female. 

Now rare on the mountains in the vicinity of Quito, where they occur at long inter- 
vals. We shot them sometimes feeding in the company of V. luciani. Local name, 
“* Dorado.”’ 

VESTIPEDES LUGENS (Gould). 


Eriopus lugens Gouup, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 140. 
Eriocnemis vy. Threptria lugens ReicHeNBacH, Autz. d. Col., 1854, p. 9. 

Six specimens (three males and three females), from Papallacta, east 
Ecuador. One of the males lacks almost entirely the squamate white 
feather margins of the under surface, but is otherwise not different. 
According to the evidence of the present series, Mr. Hartert is mis- 
taken in the statement that it is the male which has a portion of the 
tibial tufts dull rufous,’ for in all the specimens marked females this 
coloring is present, while in those sexed as males the tufts are pure 
white. He is, however, undoubtedly correct in considering V. sgua- 
mata and V. /ugens merely different sexes of the same species. 


From the eastern Andes, at 11,500 feet. Local names, ‘‘Quinde fed’’ and ‘‘Oscu- 


9? 


ros. x 


'Tierreich, LX, 1900, p. 147. *‘erreich, Exe a 900s pts: 


No. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 331 


VESTIPEDES NIGRIVESTIS (Bourcier). 


Trochilus nigrivestis BourcrER, Ann. Sc. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, IV, 1852, p. 144. 
Eriocnemys nigrivestis BONAPARTE, Rey. et Mag. Zool., 1854, p. 252. 

Twenty-three specimens, from Atacazo and from Pichincha (12,000 
feet to summit), Ecuador. 

These little hummingbirds probably range to a higher altitude than any others in 
Ecuador. When camping on Pichincha at 14,500 feet elevation, we often saw them 
flying past our tents in a blinding snowstorm, uttering their rather harsh note, and 
taking shelter for the night under the cliffs above us, where we found their deserted 
nests under the ledges. I also saw them on several occasions at 15,500 feet, near the 
edge of the crater, but this was at times when there was little snow on the moun- 
tain. They hover close to the ground, feeding on the small obscure flowers which 
manage to flourish among the cindersand ash. The males are locally called ‘“‘ Quinde 
negro”’ or black humming bird, but the females are known by the name of ‘‘ Pichin- 
chanos.’’ Wenever saw the two sexes together, and all the females we procured were 
shot, at from 9,000 to 10,000 feet, on the west and north sides of the mountain, but 
we saw no males at such a low elevation. 


VESTIPEDES ALINAE (Bourcier). 


Ornismya alinae Bourcrer, Ann. Se. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, V, 1842, p. 344, pl. xrx. 
Eriocnemis a. Engyete aline RericHENBAcH, Aufz. d. Col., 1854, p. 9. 

Two adult males from Pasto, southern Colombia. These are rather 
larger than two specimens from Bogota, and have considerably more 
of a reddish gold tinge in the malar region, but the available material 
is too limited to determine the significance of these differences. 


From near Pasto, south Colombia, at about 9,000 feet elevation. Local name, 


39 


**Hsmeraldas. 
VESTIPEDES DERBYI DERBYI (Delattre and Bourcier). 


Trochilus derbyi DELATTRE and Bourcrer, Rey. Zool., 1846, p. 306. 
Eriocnemis y. Threptria derbyi RercHenBacn, Autz. d. Col., 1854, p. 9. 

Three specimens from Pasto, southern Colombia. The difference in 
the color of the upper tail-coverts, assigned by Mr. Hartert to sepa- 
rate the present form from V. derby longirostris,' is apparently of no 
value; but the length of the bill is probably sufficient for the recog- 
nition of the latter. 


Shot along the hedgerows on the south road above the town of Pasto. Local 
name, ‘‘ Calzones negros.”’ 


OCREATUS MELANANTHERUS (Jardine). 


Trochilus (Spathura) melananthera Jarpink, Cont. Orn., 1851, p. 111, pl. uxxx. 
Ocreatus melanantherus Harrert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 151. 
Eighteen specimens, from Milligalli, Mindo, and Gualea, west Ecua- 
dor. Immature males are practically identical with adult females. 
One of the adult males in this series exhibits an interesting abnor- 


1Tierreich, LX, 1900, p. 149. 


Sy PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


mality, evidently tending toward albinism. The upper parts and 
posterior lower surface are almost uniform pale brown, though some-- 
what lighter on the lower back; the wings, tail and auriculars are of 
a darker shade of the same color; the tibial tufts are white, as usual; 
while the throat is dull metallic brown, slightly darker and more rufes 
cent than the color of the upper surface. 

These hummingbirds have a pretty habit of suddenly rising from the tops of the 
bushes for some yards into the air, where they remain poised for a few seconds, 


uttering some very sweet notes, then suddenly descend. Often two would meet thus 
in the air, but only the males do this. Local name, ‘‘Tijerettas’’—scissortail. 


OCREATUS CISSIURUS (Gould). 


Spathura cissiura Gouup, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1853, p. 109. 
Ocreatus cissiurus HArvTERT, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 151. 
One adult male from Baeza, east Ecuador. 


Confined to the eastern side and rare at Baeza. The single specimen we obtained 
was feeding on the flowers of a small ground plant close to our hut. 


UROSTICTE BENJAMINI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus benjamini BourcrerR, Compt. Rend. Ac. Sci., X XXII, 1851, p. 187. 
Urosticte benjamini Goutp, Mon. Troch., III, 1853, pl. exe. 

Twelve specimens, from Gualea and Santo Domingo, west Ecuador. 
One of these is an immature male and differs from that of U/rosticte 
rupicrissa, as do the females of these two species—in the color of the 
crissum. 


Local name, ‘‘Cinco reales’’—five reals; but why they are called by such a curious 
name I was unable to find out. 


ADELOMYIA MELANOGENYS MELANOGENYS (Fraser). 


Trociilus melanogenys FRASER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1840, p. 18. 
Adelomyia melanogenys ScuateR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 145. 


Fourteen specimens, from Papallacta and Baeza, east Ecuador. 


ADELOMYIA MELANOGENYS MACULATA (Gould). 


Adelomyia maculata Goutp, Mon. Troch., III, 1861, pl. cxerx. 
Adelomyia melanogenys maculata Harter, Tierreich, LX, 1900, p. 155. 


Thirteen specimens, from above Milligalli; Canzacota; and the west 
side of Pichincha, west Ecuador. ‘These bear out the differences men- 
tioned by Hartert' as separating this form from true melanogenys of 
the east side of the mountains. 

Very silent birds, which seem to spend most of their time sitting about on the 


bushes and branches near the ground, a trait that has earned for them the native 
name of ‘‘Muertes.”’ 


1Tierreich, IX, 1900, pp. 154, 155. 


i le eS 


~ par 


- NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMINGBIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 333 


HELIANGELUS STROPHIANUS (Gould). 


Trochilus ( ?) strophianus GouLp, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1846, p. 45. 
Heliangelus strophianus BoNAPARTE, Consp. Avium I, 1850, p. 76. 


Thirty-five specimens, from the following localities: San Gabriel; 
Gualea; Canzacota; lower west side of Pichincha, Ecuador; Popaydn, 
Colombia. The birds from San Gabriel have the rump only a little 
more bronzy than the back, but as this is also the case in some of the 
specimens from other localities, no importance attaches thereto. The 
single bird from Popayan adds the species to the fauna of Columbia. 
The throat in this individual is rather more violet purple than in any 
of the others, in this respect apparently approaching //c//angelus 
violicollis, but it otherwise does not differ from typical specimens of 
strophianus. Whether or not /leliangelus violicollis is a good species 
can of course not be determined by the present material, but too 
much importance must not be attached to the precise shade of metallic 
feathers in separating species of hummingbirds. In the present 
series there is an unbroken range of shades in the metallic throat 
patch of various individuals, from the violet purple of this Popayan 
specimen to a pure solferino, and this variation is not at all correlated 
with locality, but is undoubtedly individual, induced doubtless in part 
at least by the difference in age of the feathers and the amount of wear 
to which they have been subjected. 


One shot in the patio of a house near Popaydn, southern Colombia, at 5,600 feet, 
where it was hunting for spiders under the veranda. Local name, ‘‘Cravata malva.”’ 


HELIANGELUS AMETHYSTICOLLIS (d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye). 
Orthorhynchus amethysticollis D’ ORBIGNY and LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., VIII, 1838, 
Ds ole 
Heliangelus amethysticollis BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 76. 
One adult male from below Baeza, on the road to Archidona, 
east Ecuador. 
I believe this species has not been recorded before from Ecuador. The single 
specimen was obtained on a river bank a little below Baeza, on the eastern side of 


the eastern Andes, where we noticed it darting out into the air from a branch to 
catch the small gnats hovering over the water. 


HELIANGELUS EXORTIS EXORTIS (Fraser). 
Trochilus exortis FRASER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1840, p. 14. 
Heliangelus exortis Hartert, Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 160. 
Five specimens from Papallacta, east Ecuador. They have been 
compared with a good series from the vicinity of Bogota, Colombia, 
the type locality, and seem to be identical. 


334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


HELIANGELUS EXORTIS SODERSTROMI, new subspecies. 


A single specimen from the lower side of Corazon, Ecuador, is the 
only one in the collection, but it differs so much from birds taken on 
the eastern Andes that in all probability it represents the form of this 
species occurring on the west side of the mountains. It differs from 
true exortis in its very much smaller size and in the decidedly more 
golden tint of the green portions of the plumage, this particularly 
evident on the upper surface. It may be described as follows: 

Type.—No. 174008, U.S.N.M., male adult; lower west side of Cora- 
zon, Ecuador, September, 1898; Goodfellow and Hamilton. Body 
plumage golden bronze green, least golden on back and sides; a glit- 
tering green frontal patch; middle of chin violet blue, shading into 
solferino on the center of the throat; wing quills fuscous, with a gloss 
of purplish or bluish; tail bluish black, the two middle feathers green 
like the rump; feathers of central abdomen edged with buffy grayish; 
under tail-coverts white. The following measurements show the 
difference in size between the two forms: 


Q cree Exposed 
Name. | Sex. Locality. ee rae Tail. ullieavert. 
= —— | SS 
| 
Heliangelus exortis exortis .....--- Maleadult.| Papallacta, east Ecuador.....-. | 67 z 17 
15 


Heliangelus exortis soderstromé . - | eicrerte donee Corazon, west Ecuador ......... | 62 


At the request of Mr. Goodfellow this race is named for Mr. Soder- 
strom, the English consul-general at Quito, who manifested much 
interest in the gathering of the present collection. 

HELIANGELUS VIOLA Gould. 
Heliangelus viola GouLp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1853, p. 61. 


Four specimens, from Papallacta, east Ecuador, and the west side 
of Pichincha, west Ecuador. 


LATICAUDA PRIMOLINA (Bourcier). 


Metallura primolinus Bourcrgr, Rey. et. Mag. Zool., 1853, p. 295. 


Seventeen specimens, from the following localities in Ecuador: 
Papallacta; road to Baeza; Curiurcu (above Baeza). 


Generally in the company of Adelomyia melanogenys, feeding on the wild fuchsias. 


LATICAUDA TYRIANTHINA TYRIANTHINA (Loddiges). 


Trochilus tyrianthinus LoppiceEs, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1832, p. 6. 
Metallura tyrianthinus BonaPartE, Consp. Avium, I, re p. 75. 
Sixteen specimens, from Papallacta, east Ecuador. These agree 
closely with a series of true ¢yrianthina from Colombia, differing 
only in averaging slightly paler below, verging thus a little toward 


NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMINGBIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 335 


L. tyrianthina quitensis. From specimens collected at various locali- 
ties on the west slopes of the mountains, and which represent qu/tens/s, 
the present birds differ very materially, being decidedly smaller, rather 
darker, less brownish below, and with a more purplish gloss to the tail. 


LATICAUDA TYRIANTHINA QUITENSIS (Gould). 


Metallura quitensis Goutp, Introd. Troch., 1861, p. 112. 
Metallura tyrianthina quitensis EK. and Cu. Hartert, Novit. Zool., I, 1894, p. 48. 

Twenty-eight specimens, from the following localities in Ecuador: 
Pichincha; Atacazo; Jambillo; Jablon; Corazon. This is a readily 
recognizable race, and replaces true tyrianthina on the west side of 
the mountains. An adult male from Atacazo exhibits a very pretty 
ease of partial albinism, the whole forehead being pure white, and a 
few white feathers intermingled with the plumage of the breast. 
Albinism seems to be of rather rare occurrence among the Trochilide, 
thus making this case worthy of record. 

A very common bird in western Ecuador at altitudes between 9,000 and 12,000 
feet, and, like all the other members of this genus we came across, were chiefly found 
feeding very early in the morning; often at no other part of the day could we find 
them. Local name, ‘‘ Ubellus comun.’’ ; 


CHALCOSTIGMA HERRANI (Delattre and Bourcier). 


Trochilus herrani DELATTRE and BourcrgrR, Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 309. 
Chalcostigma herrani Stmon, Cat. Troch., 1897, p. 33. 

Six specimens from Pichincha, west Ecuador. 

These birds appear on Pichincha about January and remain until May, when they 
entirely disappear, no one knows whither. During their stay they seem to frequent 
only the west and north sides of the mountain, at about 12,000 feet elevation. I was 
told that some years very few come, and that they sometimes stay away for two years 
together. Local name, ‘‘ Ubellus finos.”’ 


CHALCOSTIGMA STANLEYI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus stanleyi Bourcrer, Compt. Rend. Ac. Sci., XXXII, 1851, p. 187. 
Chalcostigma stanleyi Stuon, Cat. Troch., 1897, p. 33. 


Four specimens, from Papallacta and Pichincha, Ecuador. 


RAMPHOMICRON MICRORHYNCHUM (Boissonneau). 
Ornismya microrhyncha BoIssoNNEAU, Rey. Zool., 1839, p. 354. 

Ramphomicron microrhyncha BONAPARTE Consp. Avium, I, 1850,p. 79. 
Thirty-five specimens, from Papallacta (11,500 feet) and Pichincha, 
Ecuador. There seems to be absolutely no appreciable difference 
between birds from these two localities which represent respectively 
the east and west sides of the mountains. Examples from Colombia 
have often a somewhat shorter wing, and in the males there is fre- 
quently a deeper ochraceous suffusion on the posterior lower parts, 
but these characters are apparently too inconstant to warrant recog- 
nition in nomenclature. Several of the young males in the present 


336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - VOL. XXIV. 


series are in process of change from the green-backed to the purple- 
backed plumage, and exhibit various stages in this transition, from the 
presence of a few purple feathers sprinkled among the green to an 
almost solidly purple upper surface with a few scattered green feathers. 
So far as these examples indicate, the sides of the neck and back are 
the last portions to change. 

From both sides of the Andes at elevations of from 10,000 to 12,000 feet. Local 
name, ‘‘Obispos’’—bishops. 


OPISTHOPRORA EURYPTERA (Loddiges). 


Trochilus euwrypterus LoppicEs, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1832, p. 7. 
Opisthoprora euryptera CABANIS AND Herne, Mus. Hein., III, 1860, p. 76. 

Four specimens from Papallacta, east Ecuador, This is apparently 
the first time the species has been taken in Ecuador, but these examples 
are exactly like a specimen from Colombia. The female is colored like 
the male, but is appreciably smaller. 

From Papallacta, east Ecuador, 11,500 feet. Four shot on the same tree—one on 


each of four successive mornings. They feed on the flowers of the red datura and 
pierce them with their bills at the base. 


CYANOLESBIA KINGII MOCOA (Delattre and Bourcier). 


Trochilus mocoa DELATTRE and BourcikErR, Rey. Zool., 1846, p. 311. 
Cyanolesbia kingi mocoa Simon, Cat. Troch., 1897, p. 34. 

Thirty-three specimens, all from Baeza, east Ecuador. 

The typical form of this species is the Cyanolesbia cyanura of Har- 
tert,’ which is the Cyanoleshia gorgo of Salvin® and Sharpe.? Neither 
of these names is, however, the proper one for the species, since the 
first is preoccupied by Zrochilus cyanurus Gmelin* and Vieillot,’ and 
the second is antedated by Ornismyia hingit Lesson,’ which last 
name, though based on a bird from erroneous locality, must become the 
proper name for the species. The various races, according to Har- 
tert’s catalogue,’ will thus stand as follows: 

Cyanolesbia kingii kingii (Lesson). . 
Cyanolesbia kingit emmae ( BERLEPSCH) . 

Cyanolesbia kingii mocoa (DELATTRE AND BouRCIER). 

Cyanolesbia kingii smaragdina (GOULD). 

Cyanolesbia kingii margarethae (HEINE). 

Cyanolesbia kingit caudata ( BERLEPSCH). 


1Tierreich, LX, 1900, p. 175. 

*Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X VI, 1892, p. 137. 

Hand List Gen. and Spee. Birds, II, 1900, p. 135. 
4Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 485. 

> Nouv. Dict..d’ Hist: Nat.= Vil Ist 75 pn sau: 

® Hist. Nat. Troch., 1832, p. 107, pipsxvine 
TTierreich, IX, 1900, pp. 175-177. 


ee Fs 


NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 337 


Confined to the eastern side of the eastern Andes, and we secured a large series 
~ at Baeza in March, most of them then being in beautiful plumage. They feed on 
- the flowers of a high tree, so that we had to use a gun to secure them, which is a 
E pity as it often spoils their long tails. Local name, ‘‘Cola verde’’—green tail. 


CYANOLESBIA COELESTIS (Gould). 


Cynanthus celestis GouLp, Introd. Troch., 1861, p. 102. 
Cyanolesbia ceelestis Satvix, Catbirds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 139. 


Twenty-one specimens, from Gualea and Milligalli, west Ecuador. 


Confined to the western side, and in beautiful plumage in August and September. 

_ Their favorite flowers seem to be those of the papayia tree, but in some localities 

we found them feeding only on the coffee flowers. Their stomachs also contained 

insects, which I have seen them fly into the air and take on the wing. Local 
name, ‘‘ Cola azul’’—blue tail. 


PSALIDOPRYMNA VICTORIAE AEQUATORIALIS (Boucard). 


Lesbia xquatorialis Boucarp, Humming Bird, III, 1893, p. 6. 
Psalidoprymnea victoriae aequatorialis Harrert, Novit. Zool., VI, 1899, p. 74. 

Fifty-six specimens, from the following localities in Ecuador: 
Quito; north of Quito; Chillo Valley; Aloag; Mojanda; Jambillo; road 
to Papallacta; near Julean; Padregal. Even with this fine series it is 
not very easy to distinguish aequatorialis from true v/ctor/ae, but its 
average characters are probably sufficient to entitle if to recognition. 
Very common in the gardens of Quito and its neighborhood, but not observed by 
us at elevations above 10,000 feet nor below 8,000. They are very tame, and appear 
to breed nearly all the year round, December and January being the only months 
when we did not find theirnests. The nest is loosely constructed and rather slipper- 
shaped, and we found them in all sorts of positions, chiefly among the creepers on 
old walls, but also one in a fuchsia bush, as well as many others suspended from the 
ends of the branches of large eucalyptus trees, but always well concealed. The female 
sits in the nest with the tail turned up over the back. Although these birds feed 
indiscriminately from all the flowers in the gardens, they certainly prefer the fuchsia, 
and one can see all the unopened buds pierced in many places at the base of the 
calyx by these birds’ bills. At the close of the day, especially after rain, numbers 
of the birds fly about in the gardens, and it is curious to observe the way in which 
they turn up their long tails often nearly parallel with the body, while the usual 
position when feeding is to hold it at right angles to the body. I did not ence observe 
them spread the tail-feathers out when flying. When courting, the males fly straight 
up into the air, almost out of sight, like an arrow shot from a bow, singing a 
remarkably melodious song, and then return again to chase the females about the 
garden. So tame are these birds in the towns that I have often secured them by 
pinching the base of the flower together when one had its bill inside, but I always 
_ gave birds so obtained their freedom again. Local name, ‘‘ Cola larga’’—long tails. 

One specimen we shot I think must have had a record tail for length. 


PSALIDOPRYMNA GOULDI GRACILIS (Gould). 
Trochilus (Lesbia) gracilis GouLtp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1846, p. 86. 
Psalidoprymna gouldi gracilis Hartert, Novit. Zool., VI, 1899, p. 75. 
Twenty-four specimens, from Papallacta, Pichincha, and the west 
side of Corazon, Ecuador. This form differs from true P. gould: of 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 


22 


388 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. es 
Colombia in its smaller size, this most appreciable in the tail (of males), — 
though the bill averages decidedly shorter. 


We never observed them in Quito, but in November and December we found them 
fairly numerous on the slopes of Pichincha above Quito. Local name, ‘“ Finos.”’ 


ZODALIA THAUMASTA, new species. 


Chars. sp.—Similar to Zodalia glyceria (Gould), but with no whitish 
on any of the tail feathers; the glittering throat patch grass green 
instead of olive; bill of greater length; wings and tail slightly shorter. 

Description.—Type, adult male, No. 173911, U.S.N.M.;  Illalo, 
Valley of Chillo, Ecuador, November, 1898; Goodfellow and Hamilton. 
Upper surface shining bluish green; wings dark brown with a purplish 
gloss, the superior wing-coverts like the upper parts; tail rich purple, 
the middle rectrices tipped with bluish green, the outermost pair with 
the outer webs and margins of inner webs deep brown washed with 
purplish; sides of head and neck like the back; chin and throat glitter- 
ing grass green; breast and abdomen shining bluish green, the feathers 
with ochraceous margins, these most extensive posteriorly; lower tail- 
coverts ochraceous buff spotted with purplish; lining of wing bluish 
green with rusty edgings. Length of wing, 62 mm.; tail, 77 mm.; 
exposed culmen, 15 mm. 

Adult female.—Upper parts, tail, and wings similar to the male but 
duller; lower surface deep buff, spotted with bluish green, these 
markings largest on breast and sides; crissum almost immaculate. 
Length of wing, 56 mm.; tail, 49 mm.; exposed culmen, 14 mm. 

The two specimens above described are both from the same locality 
and are the only ones of this very interesting new species of a rare and 
little-known group. The black shafts and uniform deep brown of the 
exterior webs of the outer tail-feathers distinguish at sight the male of 
this species from that of Zodalia glyceria, and other differences not 
apparent from descriptions might be found were specimens of the 
two compared. If the female of Zodalia ortoni, described by Salvin’ 
and by Hartert,’ belong really to that species, and be not simply the 
immature of Z. thauwmasta, the female of the latter may be distinguished 
from the same sex of the former by the entire lack of whitish tips to 
the tail-feathers. 


Perhaps this is the rarest of all the Ecuadorian humming birds, and is probably 
now almost extinct. I was told by an old resident in Quito, and one who knows all 
the birds well, that in the parts they once frequented they had not been seen for 
years, in fact, not since the last eruption of Cotopaxi. He said they built their nests 
on the maize stalks, in the vicinity of that volcano, and were nesting at the time 
of the last great eruption, when the country for many miles around was covered deep 
in ashes, and darkness reigned for two days. Numbers of birds of all sorts perished 
at this time, and probably the young and nests of Z. thawmasta also, which inhabited 


1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X VI, 1892, p. 142. * Tierreich, LX, 1900, p. 184. 


e No. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 339 


a8 


_ only the end of the Chillo Valley nearest to the voleano. That they are exceedingly 


rare is quite certain, for though we were constantly out there for two months, and had 


shooters out besides, we saw none but the one pair secured. 
SCHISTES ALBOGULARIS Gould. 


Schistes albogularis Goutp, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 140. 

Fourteen specimens, all from Milligalli, west Ecuador, September, 
1898. Among them are four white-throated birds, one of which is 
evidently an immature male, the others adult females, thus leaving 
little doubt of the correctness of Mr. Salvin’s opinion." 

They evidently occur only periodically at Milligalli, for during the month of Septem- 
ber we shot 14 there in fine plumage; while a few weeks later we failed to find one in 
their old haunts, although the flowers they fed on were still in bloom. This was the 
only place we met with them. Local name, ‘‘Orejas de fuego’’—fire ears. 


HELIOTHRIX AURITUS (Gmelin). 
Trochilus auritus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 493. 
Heliothryx auritus Bors, Isis, 1881, p. 547. 
Two adult males from Archidona, Rio Napo, April, 1899. One of 
these has a decided coppery tinge on the nape. 


HELIOTHRIX BARROTI (Bourcier). 


Trochilus barroti BourciEr, Rey. Zool., 1848, p. 72. 
Heliothria barroti Gray, Genera Birds, I, 1848, p. 115. 

Fourteen specimens, eight of them males, all from Santo Domingo, 
west Ecuador; September and October, 1898. 

No specimens from the type locality of this species, Carthagena, 
United States of Colombia, have been available, but these Ecuador 
examples seem to be indistinguishable from Panama and Veragua 
specimens, with which true Heliothrix barrot: is undoubtedly identical. 
Birds from Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica, however, have 
much longer wings and tails, slightly longer bills, and more restricted 
bluish purple crown patches, differences sufficient to entitle them to 
subspecific separation. There is no nameavailable for this form since 
Heliothrix purpureiceps Gould,’ from Papayan, Colombia, and //e/zo- 
thrixv wiolifrous Gould,’ from Veragua, belong both to true [Zeliothrix 
barroti. The Central American race may therefore be called //e/io- 
thrix barroti alincius.* 


1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X VI, 1892, p. 35. 

2 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, p. 87. 

3 Introd. Troch., 1861, p. 122. 

*New subspecies; type, No. 33649, U.S.N.M., Choctun, Vera Paz, Guatemala, 1862; 
O. Salvin. Crown and post-auricular patch metallic bluish purple; rest of upper surface 
brilliant grass green with a golden tinge in places; wings blackish slate, the coverts 
like the back; middle tail-feathers dark steel blue, the three outer pairs white; lores, 
cheeks, and auriculars, black; sides of chin and throat glittering green; remainder 
of lower parts white. Length of wing (type), 66 mm.; tail, 50 mm.; exposed cul- 
men, 17 mm. 


340 : PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Immature specimens of //el/othrix barrot’ resemble in color the adult 
females, but the feathers of the upper surface are more or less mar- 
) 
gined with rusty, this persisting longest on the head. 


Confined to the western side. These birds fly very rapidly and are somewhat diffi- 
cult to shoot. Local name, ‘‘ Angel quinde.”’ 


FLORICOLA ALBICRISSA (Gould). 
Heliomaster albicrissa Goutp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 504. 
Floricola albicrissa Exurot, Classif. Synop. Troch., 1879, p. 83. 
Four specimens from Nanegal, west Ecuador. There is considerable 
individual variation in the color of the crown and throat, in some cases 
- these parts being exactly like the same in /loricola superba, thus 


obliterating the specific differences based thereon. The plain grayish” 


white crissum will, however, always serve to distinguish the present 
species. 
MYRTIS FANNY (Lesson). 


Ornismya fanny Lesson, Am. Sci. Nat., 2d ser., IX, 1838, p. 170. 
Myrtis fanny CABANtIs and Herne, Mus. Hein., III, 1860, p. 59. 

Thirty specimens, from Chillo and Chota valleys, Ecuador. There 
is considerable variation in the amount of rufous on the lower surface 
in different examples, but this is apparently not to be correlated with 
locality. Immature males resemble the females. Contrary to the 
statement of Hartert,' birds from Ecuador seem to average slightly 
larger than those from Peru, but there is no other observable 
difference. 

Common in parts of the Chillo Valley in January. They feed chiefly on the flowers 
of the giant aloes, but we occasionally shot them about the guava flowers. Only 
one female was obtained out of a series of 30. Local name, ‘‘ Prelado’’—prelate. 


MYRMIA MICRURA (Gould). 


Calothorax micrurus GOULD, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1853, p. L109. 
Myrmia micrura Mutsant and Verreavux, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, IV, 1877, 
p. 11s. 

A single adult male from Sante Domingo, west Ecuador, taken in 
October, 1898, is the only specimen in the collection. This adds the 
species to the fauna of Ecuador, extending its range at least 300 miles, 
but this specimen seems to be typical, at least in so far as it is possible 
to judge from descriptions. 

A single specimen killed at Santo Domingo at dusk. Our attention was attracted 
to it by seeing it drive all other hummingbirds, large or small, away from the orange 
tree on which it was feeding. Being so small they are very difficult to shoot, as they 
seldom settle for an instant. Local name, ‘‘ Quinde mosca’’—fly hummingbird. . 


1Tierreich, IX, 1900, p. 195. 


NO. 1258. COLLECTION OF HUMMING BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 341 


CALLIPHLOX MITCHELLII (Bourcier). 
Trochilus mitchellii Bourcter, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. 47. , 
Calliphlox mitchelli Goutp, Mon. Troch., III, 1860, pl. cix. 

Seven specimens, from Milligalli and Gualea, west Ecuador, and 
Baeza, east Ecuador. The single male from the east side of the 
mountains is considerably smaller than corresponding individuals 
from the west side; but as no eastern adults are available, proper. 
comparisons can not be made. Four immature males differ from an 
adult female in being less uniformly rufous-chestnut below the ante- 
rior portions being much lighter, even whitish. 


CHAETOCERCUS MULSANTI (Bourcier). 


Ornismya mulsanti Bourcier, Ann. Sc. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, V, 1842, p. 344, pl. xx. 
Chaetocercus mulsanti CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., III, 1860, p. 60. 
Twenty-four specimens, from the following localities: Corazén, 
Pichincha, Jombaco (valley of Chillo, near Quito), west Ecuador; and 
Papallacta, east Ecuador. There seems to be no constant difference 
between these and Colombian specimens. Birds from both sides of 
the mountains appear to be identical. The immature male differs from 
the adult female in the lack of rufescent tinge on the anterior lower 
parts, in the less extent of rusty on the abdomen, and in the buffy or 
ochraceous instead of rufous or chestnut shade of the crissum and tips 
to the tail-feathers. One of the young males appears to be abnormal 
in having the throat of a brownish gray shade instead of white, 
though this condition is indicated in one or two other specimens. 
Found feeding chiefly on the flowers of the guava tree and in rather dry, sandy 
localities. Adult males always seemed very scarce, but immature males and females 
were fairly numerous in certain parts of the Chillo Valley in December and January. 
Local name, ‘‘Soldado.”’ 


POLYXEMUS BOMBUS (Gould). 


Chaetocercus bombus GouLp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, pp. 803, 804. 
Polyxemus bombus Mutsant and VERREAvX, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, IV, 1877, 
m2 023, pla cxt. 

Four specimens, from Guayaquil and Santo Domingo, west Ecuador. 
An immature male is practically identical in plumage with the adult 

female. 

Mr. Hartert is undoubtedly right in merging Chaetocercus with Aces- 
trura, tor C. jourdanii, the type of the former, is undoubtedly con- 
generic with C. mulsanti, the type of the latter. The present species 
is, however, by reason of its very short wings and narrow, lengthened 
tail feathers, generically distinct from the species with which it has 
commonly been associated. 


Found feeding just before dusk on the orange flowers at Santo Domingo. They so 
exactly resemble the hawk moths also seen around the flowers at the same time that 


342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


it was impossible on the wing to distinguish one from the other, and on one or two — 


y 


occasions Mr. Hamilton actually killed moths with a pellet from the blowpipe, mis- é 
taking them for the hummingbirds. 


POPELAIRIA POPELAIRII (Du Bus). 


Trochilus popelairii Du Bus, Esq. Orn., 1846, pl. v1. 
Popelairea popelairet Stmon, Cat. Troch., 1897, p. 41. 


One adult male from Archidona, east Ecuador. 


POPELAIRIA LANGSDORFFI (Temminck). 


Trochilus langsdor (fi TEmMincxK, Planch. Color., 1821, pl. txv1, fig. 1. 
Popelaria langsdorfi Rripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, p. 315. 

One specimen from Coca, Rio Napo, east Ecuador. This is an 
immature male, differing from the adult of the same sex in the lack of 
the long tail-feathers and in the slight indication of the reddish bronze 
breast patch. 


POPELAIRIA CONVERSII AEQUATORIALIS (Berlepsch and Taczanowski). 


Gouldia conversi aequatorialis BERLEPscH and TaczaANowski, Proe. Zool. Soe. 
Lond., 1883, p. 567. 
Popelairia conversi aequatorialis HARTERT, Novit. Zool., V, 1898, p. 494. 

Five specimens from Santo Domingo and Nanegal, west Ecuador. 
Among the females there is considerable difference in the amount of 
white on the posterior lower surface. The female of this species may 
be distinguished from that of Popelairia langsdorfi by its shorter bill 
and more solidly black throat. 


A REVIEW OF THE DISCOBOLOUS FISHES OF JAPAN. 


By Davin Srarr JoRDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, 
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


In the present paper is given a review of the Discoboli ( Cyclopteride 
and Liparidide) found in the waters of Japan. It is based on the 
collections made by the writers in 1900, on the collections in the United 

‘States National Museum, and on the collections of the United States 
Fish Commission steamer A/batross made during the same year, which 
have been deposited in the United States Nationa] Museum. 

The Discoboli are degenerate cottiform fishes, characterized as such 
by the presence of the suborbital stay. From related families they 
are separated by the obsolete myodome, by the reduced ventrals united 
to form a sucking disk or altogether wanting, and by the little develop- 
ment of the spinous dorsal. 

The two families are thus separated: 


a. Body cavity large, caudal region short, skin prickly or smooth. .-CycLopTErip#, I. 
aa. Body cavity short, caudal region elongate, skin smooth......... Liparipip», II. 


Family I. CYCLOPTERIDZ. 
THE LUMP SUCKERS. 


Body short and thick, more or less elevated, covered with a thick 
skin, which is smooth, tubercular, or spinous ; head short and thick; 
suborbital stay present, thin and flattish; mouth small, terminal ; jaws 
with bands of slender, simple teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines; 
gill openings narrow, restricted to the sides, the membranes being 
broadly joined to the isthmus and shoulder girdle; branchiostegals 6; 
gills 33; pseudobranchiz present; dorsal fins 2, the anterior part of 
flexible spines, which, in the adult, are sometimes hidden by a fleshy 
hump, in one subfamily entirely wanting; soft dorsal usually opposite 
the anal and similar to it; caudal fin rounded, free from the dorsal and 
anal; ventrals thoracic, rudimentary, forming the bony center of a 
sucking disk; pectorals short, placed low, their bases broad and_pro- 
current; pyloric ceeca numerous; intestine elongate; vertebrae 12+-16, 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIV—No. 1259. 


344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


the skeleton feebly ossified. Northern seas of both hemispheres. By 
means of the adhesive ventral disk these fishes are enabled to attach 
themselves very firmly to rocks or other objects. They feed on crus- 
tacea, worms, small fishes, and plants. The young of Cyclopterus 
bear a close resemblance to Ziparis, an evidence of the common origin — 
of the 2 groups which is borne out by the anatomy. 
Cyclopterine : 
I. Spinous dorsal present, sometimes concealed in adult. 
a. Barbels small or none; disk anterior, below the head. 
}. Skin naked or with scattered slender spines; no lateral line. Lethotremus, 1. 
Liparopsine : 
II. Spinous dorsal wholly wanting. 
a. Dorsal short, opposite anal, of 9 or 10 rays; skin wholly smooth, without 
bony tubercles! 23-23 sees se rete eee eerie Cyclopterichthys, 2. 


1. LETHOTREMUS ‘Gilbert: 


Lethotremus GiLBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm., 1893 (1896), p. 449 (muticus). 


This genus differs from Humicrotremus in the total absence of the 
bony plates and of a lateral line or pores on sides of head and body. 
The skin is smooth in the typical species. 

The ventral disk is large, placed below the gill openings and base of 
pectoral. Barbels absent in the typical species, present in the Japan- 
ese. The body is almost spherical except for the short tail. The 
spinous dorsal is well developed. Gill opening very small. The genus 
is very close to Cyclopteroides from Bering Sea, differing chiefly in 
the absence of prickles and perhaps in the more anterior insertion of 
the ventral disk. 

(Ané@n, forgetfulness; Toyua, aperture.) 


1. LETHOTREMUS AW Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 24 in length; depth 2; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head; 
length of snout 4; diameter of orbit 33; width of interorbital space 
goes WES Ss UAC eae ead 

The body is almost globular, the width about equal to the depth; 
the tail compressed posteriorly. Head large, snout short, the jaws 
about equal. Eye large, lateral, situated much nearer to snout than 
to gill opening, the preorbital area about equal to diameter of pupil; 
interorbital area broad and flat. Mouth somewhat oblique, the cleft 
extending backward to a perpendicular passing between pupil and 
anterior part of orbit; jaws with broad bands of close-set, blunt 
teeth. Gill opening narrow, located about midway between upper 
edge of base of pectoral and insertion of dorsal, the flap triangular in 
shape. 

Skin smooth. A short barbel above eve, posterior to nostril; a long, 
slender barbel on lower jaw; a second, similar one at lower edge of 


? N0.1259. DISCOBOLOUS FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 345 


~ 


cheek, on a vertical passing between pupil and posterior edge of orbit; 
a third just posterior to angle of preopercle. 

Dorsal fins 2, the first inserted immediately above gill opening; its 
rays enveloped in a thick, fleshy covering which almost completely 
conceals them; insertion of second dorsal a little in advance of anal, 
the rays of both fins with thin membranes, extending when depressed 
a little bevond base of caudal. Pectoral large, rounded posteriorly, 
its edge continuous. Ventral disk round, with a wide, free margin; 
its diameter contained 1? times in length of head. 

Color in spirits, light brown, without spots or bands. 

The species is known from specimens about 300 millimeters in length, 
from Kominato, in the province of Awa, at the mouth of Tokyo Bay. 


Fig. 1.—LETHOTREMUS AW. 


Type.—No. 6539, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 

One of the cotypes differs from the specimen described in having a 
long, slender barbel over eye, posterior to nostril tube; a row of 4 
small, slender barbels below eye; a row of 4-—the first of which is 
shortest, the last being longest—extending from near mandibular sym- 
physis posteriorly to opercle; a few minute barbels on upper posterior 
part of head. 

The type and other specimens were presented to the university by 
Dr. Ishikawa. Similarexamples are inthe Imperial Museum of Tokyo, 
No. 629. 


2. CVG LOrTrE RICH DH YS Steindachner. 
Cyclopterichthys SVEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, X, 1881, p. 14 (glaber=ventricosus). 


Body short and thick, rounded, covered with thick, smooth skin, 
destitute of bony tubercles; tail slender, compressed, the body abruptly 
contracted to its base; head broad, obtuse; mouth oblique, the lower 


346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


jaw prominent; teeth rather small, simple, hooked, sharp, in 2 rows 
anteriorly; pseudobranchie large; gills 32; suborbital connected by a 
bony stay with the preopercle; gill opening small, above the base of 
the pectoral, which is broad and procurrent; ventral disk moderate, 
fringed. Dorsal short and high, of soft rays only, opposite the short 
anal, both well separated from the small caudal. (Cyclopterus; ix@vs, 
fish.) 
2. CYCLOPTERICHTHYS VENTRICOSUS Pallas. 


Cyclopterus ventricosus Pauuas, Spicilegia Zool., VII, 1769, p. 15, pl. m; Kam- 
chatka. 

Cotylis ventricosus GUNTHER, Cat., III, 1861, p. 498 (copied). 

Cyclopterichthys ventricosus JORDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis 1883, p. 745 (after 
Steindachner).—GarMAN, Discoboli, 1892, p. 41.—Jorpan and EvERMANN, 
Fishes of North and Middle America, II, 1898, p. 2104; St. Paul Island, 
Pribilof, Petropaulski.—Jorpawn and GILBERT, Fishes of Bering Sea, III, p. 
475; Petropaulski, St. Paul, Bering Island, Atka. 

Cyclopterichthys glaber StrrnpACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., X, 1881, p. 14, pl. vin; 
Ochotsk Sea. : 

Head 3 in length; depth 34; depth of caudal peduncle 3% in head; 
length of snout 3; maxillary 24; eye 6; interorbital space 14; D. 9; 
AC Olga 20)s 

Body stout, thick, abruptly compressed behind; the head broad, 
depressed, slightly convex on the crown; the snout blunt, broadly 
rounded when seen from above. Mouth wide, the angle on a line 
passing about midway between tip of snout and eye, the lower jaw 
projecting beyond the upper; teeth small, simple, pointed, close set; 
in 2 prominent series, the outer ones minute, especially on posterior 
part of lower jaw; 3 or 4 large teeth form a third rather indefinite 
inner series on front of jaws. Eye lateral, much nearer to tip of snout 
than to gill opening. Gill slit about 5 in head, with a rounded flap. 

Spinous dorsal wanting, the soft dorsal short, inserted on the tail. 
Anal similar to the dorsal in shape, inserted a little behind it. Pee- 
toral 12 in head; the lower part of its base extends far forward below. 
Ventral disk nearly round, with a broad, free margin, its longitudinal 
diameter contained about 14 times in head, its center on a perpendic- 
ular passing about midway between eye and gill opening. 

Color dark olive, with numerous small, round, black dots on the 
upper parts. Posteriorly the dots coalesce forming indistinct, irreg- 
ular, narrow bands or reticulations. 

Described from an example from Aomori, 170 millimeters long 
exclusive of the caudal fin which is broken. The specimen was pre- 
sented by Mr. Sotaro Saito. Of 2 specimens from the Pribilof Islands, 
1 has very small spots scarcely distinguishable from the general dark 
color; the other is similar in color to the Japanese example. 

Bering Sea and southward to northern Japan. 


No.1259. DISCOBOLOUS FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 347 


Family Il. LIPARIDID. 
THE SEA SNAILS. 


Body more or less elongate, tadpole-shaped, subcylindrical anteri- 
orly, compressed behind, the head depressed; both head and body coy- 
ered with smooth, thin skin, which is very lax. Head broad, obtuse, 
the snout short, wide, and blunt; third suborbital bone styliform behind, 
forming a bony stay articulating with the preopercle, as in Cott:da; 
mouth moderate, anterior, terminal, the jaws equal, or the lower 
included; jaws with bands of small teeth, which are simple or more 
or less tricuspid, usually close set, forming a pavement; no teeth on 
vomer or palatines; premaxillaries protractile, little movable; oper- 
cular bones unarmed; interopercle slender, ray-like, overlying the 
branchiostegals; gill openings small, the membranes joined to the broad 
isthmus and to the humeral arch below. Branchiostegals 6. Gills 33, 
no slit behind the last; pseudobranchiz small or wanting; dorsal fin 
rather long, the spines feeble and flexible, low, similar to the soft 


‘rays; anal long, similar to the soft dorsal; ventral fins I, 5, the two 


completely united and forming the bony center of an oval sucking 
disk, or else sometimes entirely wanting; pectoral fin very broad, the 
base procurrent, extending forward under the throat, the outline usually 
emarginate, some of the lower rays being produced; tail diphycercal; 
caudal fin short, convex; vertebree numerous, 35 to 50; pyloric ceca 
numerous; no air bladder; stomach siphonal, U-shaped, intestine 
elongate. Small, sluggish fishes, nearly all of the Arctic seas, a 
few belonging to the Antarctic; found adhering to rocks at various 
depths. The group is evidently closely allied to the Cott¢da, and its 
origin must be sought in the ancestors of such types as Psychrolutes 
and Cottunculus, the Cyclopteridw representing a coordinate phase of 
degradation. 

LIPARIDINE. 

a. Ventral disk present, large or small. 

b. Ventral disk normal, composed of 13 lobes, a median one in front and one 
corresponding to’ each of the fin rays, each lobe with a deciduous horny 
covering or papilla. Teeth close set in pavement-like bands, tricuspid in 
the young, some or all becoming angular or bluntly arrow-shaped in the 
adult; caudal fin well developed, rather broad. 

c. Dorsal fin continuous, the spines not separated from the soft rays. 
-d. Nostrils, 2 on each side, the posterior in a more or less distinct tube. 
ee Pio snouowiboonmbarbels.. 2254s j2.02-s..-52-5- 435-5 Tiparis, 3. 
ee. Tip of snout with several barbels or tubular projections; substance of 
DOU BULATSMICEMUsteat ene me se soe ete aan oe ean Crystallias, 4. 


348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


8. LIPARIS (Artedi) Secopolt. 
SEA SNAILS. 

Liparis Arrepi, Genera, 1738, p. 117 (nonbinomial). 

Cyclogaster Gronow, Museum, 1763, p. 157, (nonbinomial). 

Liparis Scopout, Introd. Hist. Nat., 1777, p. 453 (liparis). 

Liparis Cuvier, Régne Anim., Ist ed. 1817 (liparis; not Liparis Ochsenheimer, 
1810, a genus of Lepidoptera). 

Cyclogaster Gronow, Cat. Fishes, Gray ed., 1854, p. 40 (liparis; not of Macquart, 
1854, a genus of flies). 

Actinochir Gru, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 193 (major). 

Careliparis GARMAN, Discoboli, 1892, p. 56 (agassizi7). 

Lyoliparis JorDAN and EverMaAnn, Check-List Fishes, 1896, p. 451 (pulchellus). 

Body rather elongate, covered with smooth skin, which is usually 
freely movable; head short, flattened above; mouth horizontal, the 
jaws equal or the lower jaw included; teeth in several series, close set, 
always more or less tricuspid, the adult with the outer cusps often worn 
or obliterated; maxillary covered by skin of preorbital region; anterior 
nostrils present, tubular or not; posterior nostrils usually tubular, no 
barbels or tubes at tip of snout, ventral disk well developed on the 
breast, its front below or behind the middle of the head, its surface 
with 13 lobes: an anterior median lobe, and 1 corresponding to each 
of the 6 rays in each fin; each lobe with a horny papilla covering, 
which is sometimes lost; vent well behind the head, about midway 
between the sucking disk and anal fin; dorsal fin continuous, undivided, 
its spines not differentiated; caudal well developed; dorsal fin free 
from caudal or joined; pectoral broad, procurrent at base, emarginate 
and free at tips, some of the lower rays produced; vertical fins envel- 
oped in the lax skin; vertebre 35 to 55. Northern seas near the shores; 
the species less arctic in distribution and in general inhabiting shal- 
lower water than is the case with Careproctus and Paraliparis, a fact 
associated with the reduced number of vertebre in Liparis. The spe- 
cies are numerous, but in general well defined, their characters vary- 
ing with age. In most of the species color varieties occur, several 
(pulchellus, liparis, aleuticus, agassizi/) having the body often marked 
everywhere with concentric curved stripes or rings. (Azzapos, sleek- 
skinned. ) 

3. LIPARIS AGASSIZII Putnam. 

Cyclopterusliparis BLocn, Ausliind. Fische, I, 1785, p. 48, in part; Pacific specimens. 

Liparis agassizii Purnam, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Ady. Sci., 1874, p. 339; Sakhalin, 
Channel of Tartary (Coll. Pierce and Smith).—Garman, Discoboli, p. 62, 
1892, pls. 1-n1.—JoRDAN and EverMmann, Fish. North and Middle Amer., II, 
1898, p. 2121; Bristol Bay, Alaska. —Jorpan and GILBERT, Fish. Bering Sea, 
III, p. 473; Bristol Bay.—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1900, 
p. 869; Hakodate. 

Liparis gibbus Bran, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, p. 148; Unalaska, St. Paul 
Island, Indian Point, Cape Chaplin, and Plover Bay, Siberia.—JorDANn and 
GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 741. 

Liparis ? pulchellus IsarKawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, pp. 36-37; Hakodate, Sakhalin. 


iceman 


er 


No.1259. DISCOBOLOUS FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 349 


Head 33 in length; depth +; length of snout 34 in head; diameter 
of eye 74; width of interorbital space 3; D. 44; A. 34; P. 34. 

Body elongate, compressed posteriorly, about as wide as deep ante- 
riorly. Head large, interorbital space broad and flat. Mouth large, 
the maxillary extending nearly to middle of eye; lower jaw included; 
teeth tricuspid, in oblique rows, forming broad bands on the jaws. 
Anterior nostril with a large tube, the posterior with a low rim. Gill 
opening extending a short distance below upper edge of base of pec- 
toral, its width contained 3 times in head. 

Dorsal and anal fins enveloped in loose skin and gelatinous tissue, 
the anterior rays hidden from view; dorsal inserted above posterior 
edge of ventral disk, its distance from tip of snout about 3 in body; 
anal inserted farther back, its distance from snout about 2 in body; 
both dorsal and anal joined to the caudal, the tips of the posterior rays 
separated by a shallow notch. Posterior edge of pectoral rounded, 4 
or 5 of the lower rays elongate, their free tips extending beyond margin 
of fin; length of pectoral about 5in head. Ventral disk nearly round, 
with a broad, free border, its diameter contained about 24 times in 
head. 

Skin smooth; distinct pores on upper jaw, no barbels. 

Color in spirits pale brownish with dark markings. The color varies 
considerably; some specimens are almost translucent, the sides with 
dusky clouds, the fins edged with blackish; other individuals have 
irregularly shaped, dark spots on the sides or dusky vertical bands 
beginning near median line and extending to edge of dorsal fin; an 
example from Hakodate has many narrow purple bands extending 
from snout to caudal fin. 

North Pacific; common south to Unalaska on the American side and 
to Myiako in Rikuchu on the Japanese. It is especially abundant 
about rocks around Hakodate Head. Our numerous Japanese speci- 
mens are from Otaru, Hakodate, Aomori, and Myiako. The original 
types were collected by Messrs. Pierce and Smith at Sakhalin, Channel 
of Tartary. 

(Named for Prof. Louis Agassiz. ) 


4. CRYSTALLIAS Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 
Crystallias JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (imatsushime). 


Allied to Liparis, differing in the diaphanous body which is strongly 
compressed, and especially in the possession of a number of barbels on 
the jaws. The presence of barbels distinguishes it from Crystal/ich- 
thys, which it very closely resembles. 

(kpvoTtaddXos, crystal.) 


350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


4. CRYSTALLIAS MATSUSHIM£Z Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 44 in length; depth 44; snout 34 in head; eye 32; interorbital 
space 22; D. 58; A. 51; P. about 31. 

Body and head markedly compressed; upper profile of head rather 
abrupt in front; mouth inferior, oblique; the maxillary extends to a 
point below anterior part of iris. Teeth small, trilobed; the lateral 
lobes minute, larger on posterior teeth, scarcely discernible or absent 
on anterior ones. Eye large, directed laterally, situated a little nearer 
to tip of snout than to gill opening. Snout apparently without pores; 
three or more small, fleshy barbels on each side of upper and lower 
jaws; those on upper jaw slightly longer than those below, both groups 
located on the part of jaw anterior to angle of mouth. Nostral single, 
with a large tube located in the position occupied by the anterior 
nostril in Ziparis. Gill opening small, entirely above base of pectoral 
fin. No lateral line can be detected. 

Fin rays enveloped in a gelatinous, fleshy covering which grows 
thinner posteriorly where the rays are more exposed to view. Dorsal 
fin beginning just above gill opening, the rays growing gradually 


Fic. 2.—CRYSTALLIAS MATSUSHIMA. 


higher posteriorly to near the caudal fin, where they become shorter; 
anal inserted behind beginning of dorsal, a distance equal to one-half 
the length of head, similar in shape to dorsal; both dorsal and anal 
continuous with caudal, the latter rounded posteriorly. Pectoral large, 
its edge divided by a shallow notch, the two parts thus separated being 
broadly rounded; the fin extends forward below to the anterior middle 
portion of ventral disk. Ventral disk small, round; its edge free. 

Color translucent; head and body with narrow dark bars and oblong 
spots. The bars, 7 to 8 above, 5 below, have their origins near median 
line of body, where they are darkest and better defined; passing outward 
they become less distinct and disappear near edges of fins. A row of 
4 or 5 spots on upper edge of fin, 2 spots near middle of body, several 
spots and bars on upper part of head. 


F 
2 
: 


~ ss “thy 


nu. 1259. DISCOBOLOUS FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 851 


The species is represented by a single specimen 120 millimeters 
long, in a bad state of preservation, the skin in many places torn from 
the body. It is not evident whether the posterior border of the pectoral 
is entire or notched, or whether the dorsal and anal are partly separated 
from the caudal. 

Type.—No. 49802, U.S.N.M., collected by the United States Fish 
Commission steamer A/batross in the Bay of Matsushima, station 3773, 
at a depth of 78 fathoms. 

(Matsu, pine; shima, island.) 


Supplementary note.—In the Museum of Hakodate is another species 
of Liparidide, called Kokkoda, from Kayabe in Hokkaido. It is 
probably a species of Veolzparis Steindachner, a genus distinguished 
from Liparis by the separation of the dorsal spines from the soft rays 
by a notch. 

The specimen examined was 43 inches long: D. about VI, 30; P. about 
24. Disk round, 1% in head. Gill opening extending downward to 
base of uppermost pectoral ray ; nostrils all similar, each with a raised 
rim. Dorsal free from caudal; anal slightly connected. Body very 
limp, pale in color. The species is allied to the Californian Veol/paris 
mucosus. It is to be hoped that some Japanese naturalist may find 
and describe this species. 


/ 


| A REVIEW OF THE JAPANESE SPECIES OF SURF-FISHES 
OR EMBIOTOCID. 


By Davin Srarr Jorpan (assisted by Micntraro Srnpo), 


Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


In this paper is given an account of the surf-fishes or Embiotocide, 
constituting the suborder of Holconoti, which are known to inhabit 
the waters of Japan. The family is confined mainly to the shores of 
California, where 14 genera and 22 species have been described. The 
few species in Japan are evidently an overflow from this characteristic 
Californian fauna, and are interesting as completing the series of 
known species of the group. They are known to fishermen by the 
name of Zanago. The species mentioned are preserved in the United 
States National Museum. 


Suborder HOLCONOTI. 


The singular family of Embiotocid appears to constitute a distinct 
eroup or suborder allied to the Percoidea on the one hand and to the 
Pharyngognathi on the other, but without very close affinities with 
either. The structures connected with the viviparous habit, the 
united pharyngeals, the increased number of vertebra, the double 
nostrils, the perfect gills, and the presence of many rays in the soft 
dorsal and anal, together with the unarmed bones of the head, con- 
stitute the chief characters of the Holconoti. 

(O\Kos, groove; v@T0s, back.) 


Family EMBIOTOCID &. 
THE SURF-FISHES. 


Body ovate or oblong, compressed, covered with cyecloid scales of 
moderate size. Cheeks, operculum, and interoperculum scaly; lateral 
line continuous, running high, without abrupt flexure, not extending 
on the caudal fin; head rather short; mouth small, terminal; jaws with 
conical or compressed teeth of moderate or small size, in 1 or 2 series; 
rarely wanting; no teeth on vomer or palatines; no canines; lower 
pharyngeais united without suture, their teeth conical or paved; upper 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIV—No. 1260. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 23 353 


354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


jaw freely protractile; lips full, the lower either forming a free border 
to the jaw or else attached by a frenum at the symphysis; maxillary 
short, without supplemental bone, slipping for most or all of its length 
under the preorbital; opercular bones entire; branchiostegals, 6 (or 5); 
gill rakers usually slender; gill openings wide, the membranes free 
from the isthmus or very slightly connected; pseudobranchiz present; 
gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; nostrils round; the openings, 2 on each 
side; dorsal fin single, long, with 8 to 18 usually slender spines, which 
are depressible in a groove; a sheath of scales along the base of the 
anterior part of soft dorsal and posterior of spinous dorsal, this sheath 
separated by a furrow from the scales of the body; anal fin elongate, 
with 3 moderate or small spines and 15 to 35 slender soft rays, its form 
and structure differing in the two sexes; ventral fins thoracic, 1, 5; 
pectorals moderate; caudal forked; oviduct opening behind the vent, 
the two apertures always distinctly separated; air bladder large, sim- 
ple; no pyloric ceca; vertebre 13 to 19, 19 to 23, 32 to 42. Viviparous. 
The young are hatched within the body, where they remain closely 
packed in a sac-like enlargement of the oviduct analogous to the uterus 
until born. These fcetal fishes bear at first little resemblance to the 
parent, being closely compressed and having the vertical fins exceed- 
ingly elevated. At birth they are from 13 to 24 inches in length and 
similar to the adult in appearance, but more compressed and red in 
color. Since the announcement of their viviparous nature by Prof. 
Louis Agassiz in 1853 and by Dr. William P. Gibbons in 1854 these 
fishes have been objects of special interest to zoologists. One species 
(Lysterocarpus trask’) inhabits fresh water; one species (Zalembius 
rosaceus) descends to considerable depths. These species reach a length 
of from 6 to 18 inches and are very abundant where found. They are 
much used for food, but the flesh is comparatively poor, tasteless, and 
bony. Most of them feed on crustacea, but one genus (Adeona) is 
partly or wholly herbivorous. The species mostly live in the surf 
along sandy beaches and are confined to California and Japan, their 
origin being evidently Californian. The two Japanese species are of 
separate Californian origin, /7trema being descended from ancestors 
of Phanerodon and Embiotoca, while Neoditrema must have sprung 
from ancestors of //ypocritichthys and [Hyperprosopon. 

a. Emprorocin®. Spinous dorsal shorter than soft dorsal, of 6 to 11 spines; anal 

spines graduated; marine species. 
b. Scales relatively small, 60 to 70 in lateral line. 

c. Gill rakers numerous, long and slender, about 25 below angle of arch; lower 
lip without frenum; profile of head depressed above eye; mouth oblique, 
short; lower pharyngeals small. 

d. Males with one row of teeth in upper jaw, the lower with few or none; 
females with. toothless: jawsicoessscoee see eee eee eee Neoditrema. 

ec. Gill rakers few, small, about 15 below angle; lower lip with a frenum; month 
with teeth in one series; sexes similar; lower pharyngeals rather slender, 

with small teeth... 2... :..s-. Joneses. fee onan eee Ditrema. 


No. 1260. THE SURF-FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SINDO. 355 


NEODITREMA Steindachner. 


Neoditrema STEINDACHNER, Beitr. Kenntn. Fische Japans, II, 1883, p. 32 (ran- 
sonneti). 

Body elongate, compressed, with rather long caudal peduncle; fron- 
tal region depressed above eyes. Mouth small, the lower jaw pro- 
jecting; dentition unlike in the two sexes; females without teeth in 
the jaws; males with one row of bluntish teeth above, these wide set 
and turned forward in a line with direction of edge of premaxillary 
bone, the lateral teeth largest; lower lip thin, without frenum; gill 
rakers close set, long and slender, about 25 below angle of arch; lower 
pharyngeals small, with small teeth; scales small, deciduous, about 70 
in the lateral line; dorsal fin low, rather short; anal low, rather short, 
much distorted in the male; abdomen shorter than anal fin. 

One species known, a small fish closely allied to the American genus, 
Hypocritichthys, from which it differs in the dentition. From D7trema, 
both genera are separated by the long and slender gill rakers, the 
depressed frontal region, and the free lower lip. 

(véeos, new; Ditrema.) 


NEODITREMA RANSONNETI Steindachner. 
NE, OKITANAGO (OFFSHORE SURF-FISH). 


Neoditrema ransonneti STEINDACHNER, Fische Japans, IT, 1883, p. 32; Yokohama.— 
JORDAN and Snyper, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1901, p. 752; Tsushima Island, 
Straits of Korea. 

Head, 33 to 32 in length; depth, 3 to 34. D. VI to VIII, 20 to 22. 
A. III, 26 or 27. Scales, 6—70 to 72—14 to 16. Eye, 31 to 33 in head; 
interorbital, 3 to 4; snout, 4; maxillary, 34. Body strongly com- 
pressed, the nape and breast especially so; profile above eyes strongly 
concave; mouth oblique, the chin projecting; lower lip thin, without 
frenum; eye rather large; gill rakers close set, long and slender, 20 to 
25 below angle; spinous dorsal low, the spines slender; soft dorsal low; 
caudal peduncle moderate, the fin well forked, 1} in head; pectorals, 14 
in head; ventrals somewhat shorter; 34 to 4 rows of scales on cheek. 
The males have teeth in the upper jaw, sparse, bluntish, wide set, in 
one row, directed forward in line with edge of the bone, those on 
sides of mouth largest; lower jaw usually with two or three small 
teeth in front; females toothless. Color, dark olive brown above, the 
lower parts coppery or golden, with traces of faint dark streaks along 
the rows of scales; chin dusky; a dusky spot on upper part of opercle; 
no spots on preopercle or snout. Males with a jet black spot on the 
premaxillary, which is wanting in the females; fins dusky yellowish; 
the anal and dorsal black in front, the ventrals black at tip; a dark 
streak across base of pectoral. 

This little fish is known to us from upward of a hundred examples 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


of both sexes taken by us in Koajiro Bay, near Misaki, where the 
species is locally very abundant. It has not been seen elsewhere save 
on the island of Okishima in the Japan Sea, whence one male example 
was received from Dr. K. Kishinouye, and from the island of Tsushima 
in the Korean Straits, where one female example was taken by Mr. 


Fig. 1.—NEODITREMA RANSONNETI. 


P. L. Jouy. The original types, female, found by Baron Ransonnet 
in the market of Yokohama, doubtless came from Misaki. The native 
name at Okishima is Ve. At Misaki it is called Okitanago, or offshore _ 
surf-fish. The largest example (from Okishima) is but 100 mm. long. 


Measurements of Neoditrema ransonneti. 


| ‘Length ansmillimeterss.- 2: scene oes sees 100 
|) Head inshundredths of lenptihieass2 ee -e)-eeee eee 28 
Depth f25c..02 Gah salsa asec esate sists eicteis bs esas eee 31 
SnouttHodorsaloss... seke- ce ace eae ee see eee 36 
SNOWbto anal. soccer te ee oe eee ee eee 61 
Depth oLcaudalspedunclesssseaes esac eeaesee see ial 
SHOULD acc sane cee mes cout so eee ne eee ee eee ee 7 
Nd > ee ee Ee ES on oS ony Coben OSES Sa RasS 9 
Tip of snout to-end of maxillaryeeess--2- ess esc e 9 
Widthirofinteronbitalispaces. ase see = ome ase ease 1 
Leugth*ot dorsal fim’ 3.2% 2 ceo aes cee cee oe eee eee 41 
henge th Of anal fini 1.5" 9555 ee ee eee ee rere 22 
Heightiot longest dorsalispines esse sseeeeeeaseen eee 11 
Height oflonsest'd orsall Taye eee eos eee ee eee 164 
Heightoflongestanalispine --22-seeeeeeee- sete oe ee 6 
Heightiofjonzestianal Tavis ee. seeee eee eeceeere 7 
hengthvor pectoral fim... 252. -e-ee eee n se eee ee eeeeeene 25 
en sthvoticarude shinies saeee eae eeeee ee eee ae 28 
Peneth’or ventralis. «sees seeeee eee eee eae 193 
|wowNumber of scaless sce ho eee oe seen ee nes 6-72-16 
|) (Numiber of dorsal rayssc.- cca note eerie eee eae VII, 20 
Number ofanalirays: ss: 12s e eee ene ae III, 20 
Number Of pectoral raysasess- cee lke ee oes ee eects 9 
TO Callitiye s, u:. Scale cw icjciapore sere ee mateo tee eee ee eee | Oki Island 


DITREMA Sehlegel. 
Ditrema ScuHiEceL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 77, pl. x1, fig. 2 (temmincki). 
Body oblong, more or less elevated, somewhat compressed, the cau- 
dal peduncle robust. Head moderate, the jaw included. Lips mod- 
erate, the lower attached by a frenum at the chin. Maxillary short, 


No. 1260. THE SURF-FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SINDO. 357 


its whole length slipping under the preorbital. Teeth few, conical, 


bluntish, in one series. Gill rakers weak, rather short and slender. 
Pharyngeals normal, the anterior and lateral teeth small, conic, none 
of them especially enlarged; males with a gland on some of the ante- 
rior anal rays, but none of them modified to forma definite plate. Ver- 
tebre 14+ 18 or 19, the base of anal below 9 caudal vertebre; first 
heemal spine small, applied to the second. Caudal fin lunate; anal fin 
rather long, much longer than abdomen, its spines small. Scales small, 
60 to 80 in the lateral line. This genus is close to the American genus 
Embiotoca, the most generalized and perhaps the most primitive genus 


of the family. The only difference of importance is the slight one of 


the coarser and blunter teeth of inbiotoca. 
- (dis, two; TEHUa, aperture, the generative organs in all Hmbdotocide 
haying a distinct opening from the intestines.) 


DITREMA TEMMINCKI Bleeker. 


UMI-TANAGO (SEA SURF-FISH); AKATANAGO (RED SURF-FISH). 

Ditrema ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 77, pl. xu, fig. 2; Nagasaki. 

Ditrema temmincki BueeKer, Verh. Bat. Gen., X XV, Japan, p. 33; Nagasaki.— 
GintuHer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 246.—SrernpaAcHNER and D6DERLEIN, 
Fische Japans, II, 1883, p. 31; Tokyo, Yokohama.—IsHixawa, Prel. Cat., 
1897, p. 27; Hokkaido, Tokyo, Fukushima.—Jorpan and EvrerMann, Fish. 
N. and M. Amer., II, 1898, p. 1510; Tokyo. 

Ditremaleve GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., I, 1860, p. 392; Japan.—Nysrrom, Kong. Svensk. 
Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 32; Nagasaki. 

Ditrema smitti! Nysrrom, Kong. Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 32; Nagasaki (adult 
example). 

Embiotoca smitti JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 358; Yoko- 
hama, Coll. Albatross. 


D. X, 21; A. IIT, 26. Scales, 11—75—19. Head measured, exclu- 
sive of opercular flap, 33 in length, exclusive of caudal fin; depth, 23. 
Snout, 3; in head; eye equal to snout; interorbital space, 3; caudal 
fin, 1 in head; pectoral, 145; ventral, 13; the longest dorsal spine, 3; 
longest dorsal ray, the fifth, 13; third anal spine, 54; the longest anal 
ray, the ninth from the last, equal to the pectoral; depth of caudal 
peduncle, 2. 

Body ovate, compressed, the nape somewhat prominent; nasal bone 
slightly prominent; ventral outline from throat to vent almost straight. 
Mouth small, maxillary nearly equal to snout; lower jaw slightly 
included; teeth conical, blunt, in a single series, on the front of lower 


1Ditrema smitti is described as haying the head 4 in total length with caudal, the 
depth nearly 3, D. XI, 21, A. III, 27. Scales, 11-78-18; spinous dorsal black with a 
narrow line of the same color at the base of the soft rays. Pectorals yellowish, and 
with black tips, the first ray with a black spot at base. Preopercle with a blackish 
spot on the lower limb and a larger one behind it. Length, 180 mm. This is cer- 
tainly the adult of the species, of which a rather faded young specimen was first 
described as Ditrema, 


358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


jaw only, those on upper jaw pointing more outward than downward. 
Nostrils small, posterior ones slightly larger. Gill rakers short and 
slender, anteriorly inclined, about 15 on lower limb of arch; 5 rows of 
scales on cheek. Mandibles and edge of opercle naked. Scales below 
lateral line on middle of body largest, their depth being greater than 
the length. Fins naked, the dorsal with a scaly sheath. Pectoral fins 
pointed behind, the upper rays longest, graduated, the tip reaching 
to vent. Ventral fins inserted below the second dorsal spine, their tips 
not reaching to that of the pectorals. Dorsal spines shorter than the 
soft rays, the last the longest; soft dorsal highest in front; anal spines 
small, the third the longest, much shorter than the soft rays, in male 
seventh to tenth soft anal rays from the last prolonged almost equal to 
the length of pectoral fin, graduated posteriorly; males with the anal 
considerably depressed in front with a glandular appendage, the soft 
rays sometimes considerably produced; caudal widely forked. 


Y » 
ae 


RX 


YVAN) Y 
Raa, 
Ha | co 


Fic, 2.—DITREMA TEMMINCKI. 


Color silvery, steel blue on back; lower limb of preopercle with a 
black spot in front and another at the angle, these very rarely obsolete; 
two black bars from eye toward maxillary, a dark blotch on upper end of 
opercle; upper half of spinous dorsal black; soft fin uncolored, or with 
a dark edge; anal and caudal fins dusky; pectorals uncolored, axil 
slightly dusky; tips of ventrals dark, with the first ravs and the mem- 
brane between the fourth and fifth rays chalky white. The ground 
coloration is subject to considerable variation, but the two spots below 
the eye and the two stripes on snout are rarely absent. 

Here. described from a specimen 83 inches long from Tokyo. Our 
numerous specimens were collected by Jordan and Snyder at Nagasaki, 
Hakata, Onomichi, Kobe, Wakanoura, Misaki, Tokyo, Same, Aomori, 
and Hakodate. The specimen from Hakata is the type of the accom- 
panying figure. 


< 


a) 


No. 1260, THE SURF-FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SINDO. 3859 


Those from Misaki, obtained in rather deeper water than the others, 
were distinctly of a coppery red in life, witha redder line running later- 
ally forming the chord to the are of the curved lateral line. These were 
locally called Aha-tanago (red surf-fish). The majority of these red spec- 


-imens have their dorsal spines reduced to 7 or 8, but some have 9; the 


body is rather more roundish than in those from other localities, the 
fins duskier with a slender black bar running at the base of the dorsal 
and anal fins; the lips are dusky. We do not, however, regard them 
as forming a distinct species. One specimen from Hakata has the 
body and fins except the pectorals blackish dusky, with the spinous 
dorsal uncolored, and the body considerably thicker than in the others. 
Many specimens have a black spot at the pectoral axil, and the ventral 
fins are often black from root to end; a black bar running along the 
root of dorsal and anal fins; the vertical fins higher, the eyes larger 
and the head longer in young specimens than in the adult.  AII these 
peculiarities seem to depend upon the character of the water or of the 
bottom and are within the range of specific variation. ° 

(Named for Prof. C. J. Temminck, the associate of Professor 
Schlegel.) 


Measurements of Ditrema temmincki. 


Locality. Nagasaki. | Misaki. | Tokyo. | Hakodate. | 

Length in millimeters ........-...-- 149 105 12) | 

Hendin podyi..- 2:6): w-sesc-.see Ss 28 3 29 

We pnb. Sa55 oo soos Saciseise eae 452 45 | 

MAOUDOUGOTS lh ema ee ae feces 39 40 

SVOUMUO AIAN sto tk Se arcane 59 62 

Depth of caudal peduncle........--- 13% | 14 

IO UW erecton foc etays cine ce cis ete ete era ale ae ) 9 

WV Ob em ccc nce nsec et eens as 9 8 

Tip of snout to end of maxillary ..-.. 8 82 

Width of interorbital space -....-.-. 9 LF 

ene thvoidorsalfin 3:85. 2-2 .20.<6-" 51 493 

Menpthot anal fine :.)is6202- 22.2.2: oi 27 | 

Height of longest dorsal spine -..... 83 95 | 

Height of longest dorsal ray ......-- 143 | 3 | gy | 

Height of longest anal spine .....-.-. 43 6a 6 | 

Height of longest anal ray ........-. 222 12 ils) | | 
i= heneth of pectoral fine: sc. 2202252 25 25 25 | 
| Length of caudal fin .............. ie 29 27 30 | 

Hength of ventral fin.- 22+ - so. cece 16 17 | 163 | 
| Number of dorsal rays -.--.22...---- X, 20 TERN ZIY ol) 20 
| Number of anal rays ....-.---.:..-.- TT, 26 | T1126 | ILI, 26 

Number of pectoral rays ..........2- 1,19 F194) ial) 

Seales above lateral line ...........- 10 | A 4 10 

Seales on lateral line...........-..-- 75 -\ 71 to 74 - | 76 | 


Seales below lateral line ............ 19-20 21 | 19-20 


A REVIEW OF THE PEDICULATE FISHES OR ANGLERS 
OF JAPAN. 


By Davip Srarr Jorpan (assisted by Mrcnrraro Srnpo), 
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


In the present paper is given an account of the species of Pedicu- 
lati, or Angler-fishes, known to inhabit the waters of Japan. With 
other papers of this series it is based on the collections made by 
Messrs. Jordan and Snyder in 1900, under the auspices of the Hop- 
kins Seaside Laboratory of Leland Stanford Junior University, a 
duplicate series being deposited in the United States National Museum, 
and upon specimens collected by the United States Fish Commission 
steamer A/batross. 


OrdersP RE DIGCULATT: 
THE PEDICULATE FISHES. 


Carpal bones notably elongate, forming a kind of arm (pseudobra- 
chium) which supports the broad pectoral. Gill opening reduced toa 
large or small foramen situated in or near the axil, more or less pos- 
terior to the pectorals. Ventral fins jugular if present; anterior dor- 
sal reduced to a few tentacle-like, isolated spines; soft dorsal and anal 
short; no scales. First vertebra united to cranium by a suture; epi- 
otics united behind supraoccipital; elongate basal pectoral radii (acti- 
nosts, reduced in number; no interclavicles; post temporal broad, flat, 
simple; upper pharyngeals 2, similar, spatulate, with anterior stem 
and transverse blade; basis of cranium simple; no air duct to the swim 
bladder. Marine fishes, chiefly of the tropics and the oceanic abysses. 
The group is an offshoot from the Acanthopteri, its chief modification 
being in the elongation of the actinosts and in the position of the gill 
opening. The Batrachoidide are perhaps its nearest relatives. 

(Pediculatus, having a foot-stalk.) 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. XXIV—No. 1261. 
361 


362 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Analysis of families of Japanese Pediculati. 


a. Gill openings in or behind the lower axil of the pectoral; mouth large, terminal. 
b. Pseudobranchiz present; base of pectoral with two actinosts; head broad, 

depressed, the enormous mouth with very strong teeth; ventrals large. 
Lornups#, I. 


oS Dies ry wa oh a 


bb. pare eeachie none; base of pectoral with 3 actinosts. 
Real entrals present; the arm angulate, pseudobrachia elongate. ® 
ANTENNARIUDA, II. 
aa. Gill openings in or behind upper axil of pectoral; mouth small, inferior; skin 
Wwiuk warts or prickles. .2. 22.2 A-ha eee eee Occocurmatmm, Tit 


Family I. LOPHIID. 
THE ANGLERS. 


Head wide, depressed, very large. Body contracted, conical, taper- 
ing rapidly backward from the shoulders. Mouth exceedingly large, 
terminal, opening into an enormous stomach; upper jaw contractile; 
maxillary without supplementary bone; lower jaw projecting; both 
jaws with very strong, unequal, cardiform teeth, some of teeth canine- 
like, most of them depressible; vomer and palatines usually with 
strong teeth. Gill openings comparatively large, in lower axil of 
the pectorals. Pseudobranchie present. Gill rakers none; gills 3. 
Skin mostly smooth, naked, with many dermal flaps about the head. 
Spinous dorsal of 3 isolated, tentacle-like spines on head and 3 smaller 
ones behind, which form a continuous fin; second dorsal moderate, 
similar to the anal; pectoral members scarcely g geniculated, each with 
two actinosts and with elongated pseudobrachia; ventrals jugular, I, 5, 
widely separated, large, much enlarged in the young. Young ae 
the head spinous. Pyloric ceca present. 

Fishes of the sea bottom, living at moderate depths, remarkable for 
their great voracity. 


a. Vertebree reduced in number, 18 to 20 in all ....-..--...---------- Lophiomus, 1. 


l, LOR EI@ Weis iG wil: 


Lophiomus Grin, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, p. 552 (setigerus). 

This genus includes those species of Lophiide which have the 
vertebree reduced in number, 18 or 19, instead of about 30, as in 
Lophius, a fact associated with their tropicai distribution. The 
species inhabit the Pacific, those of Zophius being found in the 
Atlantic. 

(Lophius: cos, shoulder, in allusion to the trifid humeral spine.) 
a. First dorsal spine higher than second; ventral fins pale; inside of mouth anteri- 

orly black, with pale spots; peritoneum blackish; head less than half length. 
setigerus, 1. 
aa. First dorsal spine not higher than second; ventral fins black on the inner side; 4 
inside of mouth unmarked; peritoneum pale; head not less than half length. 
litulon, 2. if 


j 


e 


_ y0.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. 3638 


1. LOPHIOMUS SETIGERUS (Vahl). 
; ANKO. 

Lophius setigerus Vaau, Skrivt. Naturh., IV, 1797, p. 214, pl. 1m, figs. 5, 6; China 
Sea.—Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, 1837, p. 383, after 
Vahl and a Japanese drawing.—GinrueEr, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 180; Japan 
(not Lophiomus setigerus Gilbert and of Jordan and Evermann, an American 
species, Lophiomus caulinaris Garman, from the Galapagos). 

Lophius viviparus SCHNEIER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 142, pl. xxx, after Vahl. 

Head, measured to the anterior alge of gill opening, 23 in length of 
body Shon caudal; width, 2 in head; width of mouth, 31; snout, 94 in 
total poet, or 1+ in interorbital space; eye, 2a in snout; D. Ive Te a 
A. 7; P. 22; V. 7; caudal fin, 44; pectoral fin, 6; first doveal spine, 43 in 
length, with a simple slender flap on end, placed on the edge of receding 
lip; second spine 13 to 13 in the first, standing very closely behind the 
latter; enveloped in filamentous skinny fold; third spine inserted under 
tip of the depressed second spine, slender and bony as the first spine, but 
tapering toa fine point without a filament; its proximal end concealed; 
fourth spine beginning on cross line from the tip of humeral spine to 
the other, and of exactly the same structure as the third, but in some 

~ cases a little shorter; two very short spines similar to the second 
spine placed close together half way between the fourth spine, and 
dorsal fin; rays of soft dorsal nearly equal in height, except the first 
and last, which are somewhat shorter than the rest, their free tips 
projecting; numerous spines on head, those at the tip of snout and on 
the ridge above eye, at the angle of mouth, and the region of occiput 
being most prominent, especially in young specimen; humeral spine 
trifid, with a minor branch near its root, the posterior branch longest 
and usually bifid, pointing backward; the spine thus ends in five 
points; long filaments along jaw, angle of mouth, and side of body; 
small ones all over dorsal side of body and fins; one specimen from 
Nagasaki has also two tentacles on snout developed into two knob- 
like processes. Ventral side free from filaments; teeth on mandible in 
alternate rows, those in the inner row being longest and pointing 
inward; all except a few on outermost row near the angle depressible; 
teeth in maxillary also very irregular in height and arrangement; 
those on outermost row short and pointing outward and generally 
depressible, those near the angle inward; those on inner rows inclining 
inward and nearly all depressible. 

Color of body gray to grayish brown, with numerous lighter dots 
with black border. The specimens from Nagasaki are more grayish 
than brownish, with numerous minute black dots on back of head, 
body, and spines; small filaments generally black; four black filaments 
equally distributed in a row on caudal fin near the end; dorsal fin 
marbled with blackish markings; pectoral fins darker than head; ven- 
tral side white; ventral fins pale, unmarked, sometimes a dusky shade 


364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


on lower side of pectoral and around vent; peritoneum black; inside 
of mouth anteriorly black, with round yellowish spots. 

Coasts of southern Japan, rather common; eur specimens from Wak- 
anoura and Nagasaki. “This species is evidently identical with Vahl’s 
original figure as copied by Schneider. 

(Setiger, bristle-bearing.) 


Measurements of Lophiomus setigerus. 


Locality. Nagasaki. | Nagasaki. 
Length in millimeters without caudal............-.. 238 175 
DOTSALTAVS = osc cece sos ieee nee eee eee reas Iy-Il, 9 Iy-Il, 9 
Caudal ray 2-fee2ce- cncanelstacecteeseaendemeteaeee 8 8 
MAM Al WAYS) = sc .cia aise ee i ostore  eeeeelteteee ener Uf 7 
leteoione Mle hie c cme c bose ancosbonocbsccocdnedacbence 23 22 
Wien Tra TAY S\asciscis adalat i einietseiareteieicieiiee ee ineineiieints 5 (5) 
Head in hundredth of length without caudal ...--- 5d 57 
Width'of heads 252-22 ose cicteiee ee tetem cistern te eieterrs 60 66 
Width of body close to gill opening .....-....-.--.--- 22, 27 
Depth’ of caudalspeduncleseeecceeeeeen eee 5 5 
Lengthof itail. cst pissessenat ehoe ee ene eee 35 35 
Suouleeesecseeceseeee Jnin Sia eis smraiseicine minster une cis eeiers 14 17 
Leng thiofimanscdillanyee-ooseseeeeeeeee ee eeeee ee ees 20 224 
Intermaxi lary SpaCe sce lecieiacinis toile sister ete 8 8 
Diameter Of ye) << <<a ee ce Scene esse eee i 7 
Interorbital space s.<522¢ 52 -ea- ere eee eee er eee eae 114 12 
Snout:totiplor humeralispine jee seee eee eee 45 47 
Distance between tips of humeral spine............ 40 41 
Snout; to first dorsailisp ine eee eee ene eee eae 4 5 
Height of first dorsalispime’: sec... see eee 27 26 
Snout to second dorsal spine-........-.--.---------- 6 7 
Height of second idorsallispimesessses= seer asa 15 16 
Snout toithirddorsallispines sce -esecees ees ia 24 26 
Heightor third dorsalispines-a---eerceceeseeee sees 212 23 
Snout to fourth! dorsal spine 2 oss. == ee eee ee ese 38 37 
Hecht of fourth dorsallispileseeee eres eee 21 20 
SHowtito:dorsall fin) 325 tesco seer eteeee eee eo. 60 58 
henge thi or baseiot Gorsaluime scenes eerie seme re 30 25 
Heightiok Gorsalirayasssoesseeee eee eee eae eee 20 20 
Length of caudailliray.-: 2s -c-sceeceeeeceeeeeceseaes 25 25 
Height'of ana). fins. s. eence neces eee eee eee 17 18 
Gength of pectoral ifimise= ae sere eects ieee 20 23. 
Length of ventral fin 14 14 
Ventral fin to vent...... 43 41 
Went to/anall nescence acces neeece eee eee eens 6 54 


2. LOPHIOMUS LITULON Jordan, new species. 


Lophius setigerus IsHtKAwA, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 36; Boshu (not of Vahl). 
Lophiomus setigerus JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, 
p- 380; Tokyo. 

Head of the type specimen, measured to gill opening, 2 in length to 
base of caudal; its width equal to its length; snout, 63 in head; eye, 23 
in snout; length of maxillary, 5 in head; space between maxillaries, 
24 in maxillary; interorbital space, 8 in length of body; snout to tip 
of humeral spine, 24; distance between tips of opposing humeral 
spines, 25; D. IV-11 9; A. 8; C. 8; P. 23; V. 5; width of body close 
to gill opening, 54, being a little more than its depth; length of tail, 3; 
depth of caudal peduncle, 2 in snout; base of dorsal fin, 3; its height, 
53; base of anal fin, 44, height, 43; caudal fin, 4; pectoral fin, 43; 
ventral fin, 64. 

First dorsal spine lower than the second, its height being equal to 
snout, with rather stout, simple tentacle. Second dorsal spine thinly 


*) 


no.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. 365 


concealed in a scantily filamentous membrane, with a small tentacle 
on tip, its height 5 in length. Third spine 54, standing one-fourth of 
length behind snout, proximally embedded, slender, and tapered into 
a hairy point. Fourth, fifth, and sixth spines of same structure as 
the third, frail, following closely together behind the third; the height 
of the fourth the same as that of the first, the remaining two some- 
what shorter. Soft dorsal fin beginning a little in advance of vent, 
its membrane extending to end; tips of rays curled back; anterior rays 
shorter, especially the first; fifth ray highest, its tip, held down, 
reaches to the posterior base of the fin, where the tips of the remain- 
ing rays also terminate. Anal fin begins a little behind vent, its 
membrane extending to the end as in the dorsal; fifth or longest ray 


Fig, 1.—LOPHIOMUS LITULON. 


extending beyond the posterior base of the fin. Filaments around 
mouth and on body not so numerous as in ZL. setigerus, those on body 
not forming a row. Spine on head rather high. Humeral spines 
simple, stout, pointing more upward than backward. Peritoneum 
uncolored, pale; teeth arranged as in Z. setzgerus. Mouth unmarked, 
pale within, and without spots. 

Color of the type specimen pale brownish orange, with brown streaks 
and numerous small, light dots reticulating all over dorsal surface; roots 
of posterior dorsal spines and ends of fins blackish brown, as are also the 
filaments on body. Belly whitish, without markings except the inner 
side of ventral fin, which is dark brown; lower side of body brown, 
unmarked; inside of mouth without markings. 

Coasts of middle Japan, as common as the preceding, but ranging 


366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


farther north. Our specimens are from Tokyo, Wakanoura, Totomi 
Bay and Matsushima Bay, the last two dredged by the U. 8S. Fish 
Commission steamer Albatross. 

This description is from a specimen obtained in Tokyo. All other 
specimens have a blackish gray color, especially that from Matsu- 
shima, with the ends of fins and filaments black or blackish. 

The chief differences between Z. U/tulon and L. setigerus are the fol- 
lowing: In Z. Vitulon the first dorsal spine is not longer than the 
second, the ventral fin is colored, the inside of the mouth is unmarked, 
the membranes in the dorsal and anal fins extend to the tips of the 
rays, the peritoneum is uncolored, the head is generally less than 2 in 
length, but never more, as is invariably the case in ZL. setigerus, and 
the pectoral fins are slenderer. 

This species, with the preceding, is known as Anko, in some localities 
the male is called Avanko, or true Anko, the female JMizuko (water 
creature). 

(Airos, plain-colored; ovAov, gums; the species lacking the peculiar 
mouth markings of ZL. setigerus.) 


Measurements of Lophiomus litulon. 


Locality. Tokyo. Matsushima. Wakanoura. 
Kengtininemallim etersianc-ccs-scice ee eeciee 192 266 86 
INumiberofdorsal raysiesoseeecsce ae eeceaae II-IV-9 II-LV-10 II-IV-9 II-Iy-9 
Nuimberoficaudalirayss. =~ <<<. - secon 8 8 8 8 
ING berof-analll raiySte. --s-2--- eee 8 8 8 te} 
Nitimiberiof pectoralirays! = esse a-nye-e cee 23 23, 23 25 
Number of ventral rays........:..:.....--- 5 5 5 5 
Head in hundredths of length........-. ann 51 49 45 51 
Widthiok head)... <.scasussckce seen eeeense oe 51 51 54 52 
Width of body close to gill opening........ 19 17 18 19 
Depth of caudal peduncle .._.............. 5 5 5 5 
mengetbiot taille soa csseces ce see eee es 35 38 34 33 
SMOUU jens saciev gee nese hese meeee scene serena 15 15 15 14; 
Bengthiofmaxillarys. .-cacce ees eceeeeeees 20 20 21 215 
Space between maxillaries .............-..- 8 1 4 8 
Diameter of eye (transversely) ........-..-. 4 7 8 8 
IMterorbitalispace.. -secsaeenecemec eee nese 13 13 : 134 13 
Snout to the tip of humeral spine...-...... 39 40 394 42 
Distance between tips of humeral spine --. 30 33 32 36 
Snout to first dorsal spine.................. L 5 5 55 
Height of first dorsal spine................. 15 19 12 14 
Snout to second dorsal spine. ..--.......... 9 A Fy 2 
Height of second dorsal spine............-. 20 222 19 22 
Snout to third dorsal spine ................ 26 24 25 28 
Height of third dorsal spine..............-. 19 14 14 17 
Snout to fourth dorsal spine ............... 374 35 38 38 
Height of fourth dorsal spine ..........-.... 15 14 13 16 
Snout to root of dorsal fin. ..--............. 62 60 60 63 
Length of base of dorsal fin................ SLi Mecereeieiccinerstatele 2 2G 293 
Heishtiof dorsal ray. 28 - 2.522250 soe noeeee Sry ay] Sae heey cceeee oes 23 23 
eng thyorcaudaltine ----ceesssccssaeseeeee 25 28 27 30 
ibasciotianalitin’. (3. cec ako se stad eeclee mene QT 1 Mesisnctsens.caiet eaieer eleeeeneel | see Se eee eae 


Height orang) fins... 0. -.-cca-ss wee 2 Nee corte 18 30 
Length of pectoral fin ...... B 21: 29 28 34 
Length of ventral fin ... 16 15 20 24 
Ventral fin to vent.... 43 33 42 41 
Vent to anal fin..... 2 4 7 3 4 


rete 


ima 


no.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. 367 


Family II. ANTENNARUD. 
FROG-FISHES. 


Head and body more or less compressed. Mouth vertical or very 
oblique, opening upward; lower jaw projecting; jaws with cardiform 
teeth; premaxillaries protractile. Gill openings small, pore-like, in 
or behind the lower axils of the pectorals. No pseudobranchix. Gills 
24 or 3; skin naked, smooth, or prickly. Pectoral members forming 
an elbow-like angle. Pseudobrachia long, with 3 actinosts. Ventral 
fins present, jugular, near together. Spinous dorsal of 1 to 3 serrated, 
tentacle-like spines; soft dorsal long, larger than anal. Pyloric ceca 
none. Inhabitants of tropical seas, often living on floating seaweed, 
and enabled, by filling the capacious stomach with air, to sustain them- 
selves on the surface of the water, therefore widely dispersed by 
currents in the sea. 


a. Head compressed; a rostral spine or tentacle, followed by two larger spines; pala- 
tine teeth deveioped; dorsal spines disconnected. 


b. Skin naked and smooth; ventral fins elongate -.......--....----- Pterophryne 2 

bb. Skin covered with prickles; ventral fins short......----.--.-..-2 Antennarius, 3 
aa. Head cuboid; a single rostral spine or tentacle, received in a 

Pics MGr COrsatle lO We neers oii coos ccc eeu oes sie ceemee se Chaunax, 4 


Be IPAM RONEN S UR NON Caduls 


Pterophryne Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 90 (histrio). 

Pterophrynoides Gitu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., I, 1878, p. 216 (histrio). Name a 
substitute for Pterophryne, if regarded as preoccupied by an earlier name 
Pterophrynus. 


Body short, somewhat compressed, with tumid abdomen, and coy- 
ered by smooth or slightly granular skin; mouth small, oblique; 
palate with teeth; wrist slender; ventrals elongate; color light brown, 
much varied, with silvery dark markings. Small fishes of fantastic 

-forms, widely distributed, living in floating seaweed. The species are 
very much alike and subject to much variation, and therefore not well 
defined or understood. 

(xrepov, wing; ¢evvn, toad.) 

a. Body with very few round, small white spots or none; belly with faint blackish 
Spot: ssides, with numerous filaments 522.222 2fi9 225-2 e leet et histrio, 3 
aa. Body with very many round white spots of different sizes; belly without dark 


spots; sides with few filaments; dark markings sharper and broader than in 
IPS TOL ID tp OR SEE I Ns AU AT PET RA Re ranina, 4 


368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


3. PTEROPHRYNE HISTRIO (Linnzus). 


Lophius histrio Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 327; China, after Lophius 
pinnis dorsalibus tribus of Lagerstrom; may be any Histrio of Asiatic waters. 

?Lophius histrio yar. marmoratus ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 142; after a 
figure of Klein, locality unknown, called Batrachus mollis Klein, Missus 
ITI, 1742, p. 16, pl. x1v, fig. 4, white spots very few; may be any Plerophryne. 

Chironectes marmoratus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 159, pl. Lxxx1, fig. 
1; Nagasaki. 

Antennarius marmoratus of most recent authors. 


Head measured to gill opening 2 in length, depth 1§; width 5; 


length of tail 3; caudal peduncle 63; length of maxillary 5; snout 24 
in maxillary; eye 2 in snout; snout to end of actinosts 13 in length; 


Fic. 2.—PTEROPHRYNE HISTRIO. 


height of dorsal, anal, and caudal rays each 8 in length of body; base 
of dorsal fin 14. Pectoral and ventral fin each 4 in length. D. ILI-12; 
A. 7; C. 8; P. 10; V. 5. Height and position of dorsal spines essen- 
tially as in P. raninus, except that the tentacle on first spine is smaller; 
mouth oblique; skin not very loose; filaments numerous, rather stout, 
high. those on jaw and belly specially so; dorsal, pectoral and ventral 
fins with very small filaments—anal, and caudal fins free from them. 

Color pale yellowish, with grayish tinge, marbled with blackish 
streaks punctuated by a few dots of the ground color; belly with faint 


blackish dots, filaments on belly immaculate; streaks on fins forming 


irregular bands; four cross bands on caudal very distinct, with sharp 
edges; marking around head on same general plan as that of P. ranina, 


Phy ny Eee en 


Pini day 1 


no.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. 369 


but with the light streaks wider; sides of body with few filaments and 
no well-defined round white spots. 

The chief points of difference between this species and the next are 
the following: P%erophryne histrio has very few pale spots or dots on 
body; the filaments are more numerous and stouter, the four dark 
bands on the caudal more sharply defined, the belly with a few dark 
spots. 

Coasts of Japan, in the open sea or current of the Kuro Shiwo, not 
rare. Our two specimens are from Kisaki and Enoshima. 

The synonymy of this species is extremely doubtful. Probably 
most of the descriptions published under the names of marmoratus and 
histrio belong to it. The American species, called Pterophryne histrio 
by Jordan and Evermann, if distinct, should probably stand as /tero- 
phryne tumida (Osbeck). This species was based on specimens from the 
Sargasso Sea, while the original type of Zophius histrio was Chinese. 

(7Zistrio, a harlequin’). 


Measurements of Plerophryne histrio. 


Locality. Misaki. 
Lengthuinmillimetersts-2s=o2e8ss i eceene ee 77 
Pinas as Ae. See cet oes eee eee ee DS 1G abe 
A. 7; C. 8; 
P. 10; V.65. 
Head in hundredths of length .............. 50 
Waclthvoteh eater sac sasenssee ee bec neercnee 20 
Depthvowihea ds. asf omncce,.cesccrcmcice sydenme 56 
GOT ENG hal OD, Cell eee eps cress sree wicte wis Sietsiewiotere nee 33 
Depth of caudal peduncle................... 15 
Width of body above vent .................- 12 
SPOON AS 3 “eset hon ses BOM OD aa ae EN eee eS Sg 
HY Goer a eae oes roe om sais s siseeaeineeecle cee 4 
Width of interorbital region ................ 10 
ensthsotem axle verses... scsaon oni e oie 20 
Snoutito firshdorsall spime ...........:...52.- 5 
Height of first dorsal spine.............. 5 
Height of second dorsal spine 13 
Snouttorthinds dorsal spine. ...-.....2-.-2--. 17 
Height of third dorsal spine ................ 18 
Snouttorootof dorsal fim... 205. .2--2-252-2- 44 
Heightoicdorsaliraysh-c 22 2. ss. shee ceke 32 
Benethotdorsalttinices = ts. scse cosas o-e 56 
Len SthioWCauG alti, os 25sec csesecee aces 32 
Height ofranalltiniso: ssn oe oses cee meade 32 
SHOU tGiend OLachimOstysteesceeees seaeee ee 60 
Henethofpectoral tin. + eee qscecne wen oeces 24 
hen et nol viemtralerays/ssaa0 re cee eee nee 25 
Snout to root of ventral rays................ - 40 


4. PTEROPHRYNE RANINA (Tilesius). 


Lophius raninus Titestus, Mém. Natur. Mose., XI, pl. xvr, 1809; Japan. 

Antennarius nitidus BENNertT, Zool. Journ., II, p. 375, pl. 1x, fig. 2. 

Antennarius marmoratus var. raninus, GixrHer, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 187; 
China, Pinang.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 36; Tokio, Sagami. 


Head measured to gill opening in axil, 13 in length, its depth slightly 
exceeding its length, width 6 in its depth; length of tail, 28; snout, 5$ 
in depth of head; eye, 24 in snout; length of maxillary, 4. D. IIT. 12; 
A. 7; P. 9; V.5. Snout to end of wrist, 14; height of dorsal rays, 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 24 


ord PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


27; its base, 4; length of caudal fin, 23; that of pectoral fin, 33; ventral 
rays, 35. 
First dorsal spine placed an eye’s length behind tip of snout, slender, 


one-half in height of the second or equal to diameter of eye, with — 


short, uncolored bifid tentacle; second dorsal spine situated just pos- 
terior to the first, straight filamentous, curved, imbedded posteriorly 
in a fold of skin extending from the back. Posterior rays of dorsal 
and anal fins extending one-fourth way into caudal fin. Wrist a little 
shorter than pectoral fin, with gill opening at its middle. Tip of pec- 
toral fin reaches back to the middle of caudal peduncle. | Ventral fins 


Fic. 3.—PTEROPHRYNE RANINA. 


slender, the tip reaching anteriorly to the vertical line from front of 
eye. Mouth oblique. Body finely granular, the skin very loose. 
Color of body pale, yellowish gray, marbled with blackish brown; 
belly uncolored; many small sharply-defined white spots all over body 
except on caudal fin. Filaments on head and belly rather few, those 
on belly rising from center of white spots. A narrow, white-margined 
gray streak radiating posteriorily from eye and dilating behind; a 
wide, irregular, unmargined streak upward, meeting with the opposite 
one at posterior base of second dorsal spine; another wide streak of 
similar nature ventrally dilating and ending at the angle of mouth. 
Two large, pale, white-margined gray spots on side of body, each 
with a white filament in its center; ventral fins irregularly barred; 


Se 


wares a4 


ee ae 


no.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. at) 


the antero-ventral side of pectoral fins light, except a brown bar run- 
ning obliquely across each; postero-dorsal side thickly marbled, tips 
of rays pale yellow; caudal fin somewhat more regularly barred than 
others. 

Coasts of Japan; less common than the preceding; here described 
from a specimen 44 inches long from Wakanoura. 

This species is apparently distinct from the preceding, and both are 
probably different from the American species, Prerophryne tumida and 
P. gibba. A fourth species, very close to the Pterophryne ranina simi- 
larly spotted with white, but differing in other markings, is found 
in the Philippines. This form may be the original marmoratus of 
Klein and Schneider, or it may be that all these various patterns of 
coloration may be mere varieties of /. Azstrzo and that but a single 
species of Prerophryne exists. 

The synonymy of this species, like that of the preceding, is very 
doubtful, the names adopted for both being tentative only. 

(Panina, like a freg.) 


Measurements of Pterophryne ranina. 


Locality. Wakanoura. | 
ene cn emMo MELE nS: ase os ace = (sone oe hae bee cae aes 84 

JUICED S23 SOE IEE SESE SCS ea eS VEE CE en aa ar eee eae DUTT T3554 

Nels Otel 

I RPO NiO: || 

Head measured to gill opening in hundredths of length .... 56 | 

MiGs ofaleadar set 25a ce ems: pica oem eee ee aa eee 29 | 

Menuhvotehen dl asm ee sae kee es cae Sie ee wns Poy last 60 | 
(UPinveg aon OFF MI eA SER ae Ae NU a Eee age ae len ee bate ae 35 
Vepthrol caudal peduncless:ssa2- see 22-2) She ae eke = 17 
Widlinvor DOtyabOVeWeltec «cos cscsc ee acer oceseesn scence 11 
ERVIN Pyne ate toe nic lo erated atarassofalele cinta cie,s alesis emis che pela oe aeeeis sc 11 
| SLE ie ee ee ne Oe ee iS OE ae ne eee 5 
Width of head'at orbital region’=..\...-22 2.25. 22.22.20 05-202 | 12 
eNO LO) enn OCU Aenea ee Mette wen Sees eee te se gis MURS N | 25 
SNout Lo mrsh Gorsalispin eo. 225 sol eke sos sage oeeeincemce Ses ce 6 
Height of first dorsal spine .........-.. ee fatac Wee eee aps 5 
Pere sht OL second Gorsaltspime. 222220: 2 se) tee See eo 12 
SHOU MOO MATEO COTA MSDIM Gren essere cee eee ee nee we icy 21 
WeHeicht of -thind doralispine-.ei so-cetases cere Leiter. | 20 
SHowb tooo of dorsalifimiss 72202 epee 2s cose cele ~ ce saiea tes ees 45 
ERCP Ole GoOrsulera ys sacace aac cates or ece ae teeicre ie Pas oete weaae | = 37 
Menechrorid orsalenn se eco. ose cee cee ceeielee tae erin eens | 58 
hence Gi CanGunMEeeteseHece = tee eben oe tetas roca ee a | 37 
ISIS sie TNS) sy ace BeSeReHpasaaacEccto Hear e oer eR aaa 35 
SNOUL Oe G Of AClINOStS. 2.5.5 cen osc eee eeeeeceseseoneecee 3 63 
Menethvotapecioralliimiie : X22: 2c seem eriee ce etice caer bis.steseinatecls 27 
Men SthvOMavVeMUural NAYS vee ec. -c icicles nae emacimeieccteele eames 29 
IMOSNOULTO TOOT OVeEMtral MAYS <i» oo ceo aae se cee cecmme bceenisn = 42 


38. ANTENNARIUS Lacépéde. 


Antennarius CoMMERSON in LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 1798, p. 323. Foot- 
note only; not accepted by Lacépéde. 

? Histrio Fiscuer, Zoognosia, 3d ed., I, 1813, p. 78. Definition incorrect; through 
a slip of the pen, ‘‘ caput depressum’”’ written instead of ‘ caput compres- 
sum.’’ No type mentioned. Fischer’s Lophius histrio (Bloch, IV, p. 10, pl. 
ex) is partly a true Antennarius according to Dr. Gill, probably A. scaber. 

Les Chironectes (Antennarius Commerson) Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ist ed., I, 1817, 
p. 310; 2d ed., II, 1829, p. 251. Chironectes preoccupied in mammals by 
Chironectes Illiger, 1811. 


372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Body oblong, compressed, very deep through the occipital region, 
tapering behind; breast tumid; mouth rather large, more or less oblique, 
or even vertical; cardiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; eye 
small; skin with small granules or spinules, these usually forked, and 
often with numerous fleshy slips. First dorsal spine developed as a 
small rostral tentacle; second and third dorsal spines strong, covered 
with skin, often with numerous fleshy filaments; soft dorsal high and 
long; anal short and deep; caudal fin rounded, the peduncle free; pec- 
toral fins wide, with a rather wide wrist, at the lower posterior angle 
of which are the very small gill openings; ventral fins short. Fantastic 
looking fishes, often gayly colored; very numerous in warm seas. 
(Antenna, a feeler or tentacle.) 


a. Color brown, with blackish streaks and markings, and without red spots; first 
dorsal spine trifid. 

b. Dorsal fin without large black ocellus at its base just behind its middle; stripes 

on body rather broad and more or less irregular, without the definite arrange- 

ment seen in:the mext-specles®.-2-.ae aa ee eer ee ee tridens, 5. 

bb. Dorsal fin with a single large black ocellus at its base just behind the middle; 

lines on body narrow, forming a regular complicated pattern -scriptissimus, 6. 

aa. Color pinkish with a few blood-red spots, besides red streaks and markings; first 


dorsal:spine:trifid. <2 hase set ee ee tate Oe eee ae eee sanguifluus, 7. 
aaa. Color black. with small white specks, and larger jet-black blotches; first dorsal 
Spine simiple <2 225. oe ae seine Sart ale oo Sen ee eee ee eater Xseoees nox, 8. 


5. ANTENNARIUS TRIDENS (Schlegel). 


IZARI-UWO (CRAWLING FISH). 

Chironectes tridens SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japon., 1846, p. 159, pl. Lxxx1, figs. 2, 3, 
5; Nagasaki.—BLEEKrr, Verh, Bat. Gen. Japan, X XV, p. 47; Nagasaki. 
Antennarius tridens GtintHer, Cat. Fish., I1I, 1861, p. 191; China.—Nysrrom, 

Kong. Svensk. Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 37; Nagasaki.—Isnikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, 
p. 36; Tokyo, Kagoshima, Ogosahara, Bonin Islands.—JorpDAN and SNYDER, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 380; Yokohama. 

Head 14 to 2 in body, 24 in total length. Depth 23 (24 to 24) in 
body. Snout 54 in head, 24in cleft of mouth, which is almost vertical. 
Eye 1} in snout. 

D. Ill, 12; A. 7; P. 11; V.5; C.9. First dorsal spine 4am" heags 
with trifid tentacle of variable length, the two outer flaps are longer 
and stouter than the middle one, usually as long as the spine or even 
longer. Second spine shorter than the first by one-third to one-fourth 
of its height, slightly curved, its filamentous tip, when laid down, 
reaching the same point as that of the first. Third spine rising proxi- 
mal to this point, which is opposite to the posterior edge of the max- 
illary; height of the spine 24 to 23 in depth of body, 33 in head; a 
dermal fold extends posteriorly to the base of soft dorsal. Soft dor- 
sal beginning opposite to the anterior margin of the pectoral fin, its 
height about equal to the anal, its length 1} in head; its last ray does 


oul 


xo.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. 313 


not extend to caudal fin; length of anal 44 in head, the last ray usually 
extends to or beyond the root of caudal fin; length of caudal fin some- 
what greater than the height of the dorsal, being 24-23 of caudal 
peduncle, 2+ in head. Pectoral fins short, about iz in caudal; 43 in 
head; bent backward, the tips do not quite reach to vent. The 
majority of Nagasaki specimens have longer pectoral fins, their tips 
reaching to vent. Ventral fins very short, about 2 in the pectoral. 

Body covered with bifid spinules. Stubble-like mucous tubes with 
clusters of spinules around them running in a row along supraorbital 
edge and extending along edge of cheeks or scattered over head, 
especially on lower jaw; filaments rather numerous over head and 
body, conspicuous on jaw and around mouth; some specimens have 
scarcely any on body. 

Ground color pale bluish gray, marked with black elongate spots or 
detached bars of various forms, those on body usually running diago- 
nally transverse, those on abdominal region almost laterally; fins more 
or less regularly barred with rows of dots, those of the caudal being 
more regular; the dorsal fin, or its base, often marked with two or 
more large, diffuse, semiocellated spots, similar spots sometimes present 
on side of body also; usually seven black streaks radiating from eye 
in equal distance to each other; rest of head and body covered with 
numerous black spots, most conspicuous around ventral fins; first 
dorsal spine checked with six or more black bars. 

Coast of Japan, in shallow, muddy bays, almost everywhere very 
common, the colors variable, but always dull. 

Yellow specimens, similar to the yellow variety figured by Schlegel 
and referred by him to A ¢tridens, were taken at Nagasaki. These 
have been mislaid and can not be compared by us with the typical 
form. The yellow form is probably not a distinct species. 

Our many specimens are from Nagasaki, Wakanoura, Kobe, Eno- 
shima, Uraga, Misaki, and Tokyo. 

(Tridens, three-toothed. ) 


6. ANTENNARIUS SCRIPTISSIMUS Jordan, new species. 


Head to gill opening about 4 the length; a little less than depth of 
body. Lateral line ceasing under soft dorsal composed of 14 large 
pores; skin everywhere very rough. D. III-12; A. 8; pores of lateral 
line 14. First dorsal spine slender; its length scarcely more than two 
times diameter of eye; third dorsal spine very stout, rough. 

Color yellowish gray; everywhere covered with narrow straightish, 
parallel, dark brown lines running in different directions on different 
parts of the body; some radiate from eye; some extend from eye hori- 
zontally to above pectoral; those below eye extending downward and 
backward to pectoral, ventral, and throat; stripes behind pectoral radi- 
ating from axil; those nearest gill opening curving around it; streaks 


374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIV, 


above level of gill opening nearly vertical, below nearly horizontal; 
the former at right angles to those running backward from eye; streaks 
on back above lateral line nearly vertical and extending upward across 
third dorsal spine and soft dorsal fin; anal, caudal, and pectoral with 
oblique, wavy, dark cross streaks. A single ocellus present, large, 
dark brown, with a pale edge, on base of soft dorsal, behind its middle. 


Fic. 4.—ANTENNARIUS SCRIPTISSIMUS. 


The type, a stuffed specimen in good condition, 10 inches long, isin 
the Imperial Museum at Tokyo. It was taken at Boshu, province of 
Awa, at the entrance of Tokyo Bay. 

The accompanying illustration is from a copy of a rough sketch of 
the type. It was designed only to show the markings. It is not cor- 
rect as to details of form. 

(Scriptissimus, much written over.) 


7. ANTENNARIUS SANGUIFLUUS Jordan, new species. 


Head, measured to gill opening at the base of pectoral fin, 2 in 
body, 22 in total length. Depth 1% in body, 24 in total length; trunk 
equal to tail; D. I1I—12; A. 7; C. 9; P. 10; V. 5. Candal fin 157m 
tail, 24 in caudal peduncle. First dorsal spine slender, high as the 
length of snout, placed above nostrils, with a stout. knob-like tentacle; 
second spine free, rough, curved backward, half the eye’s length 
higher than the first; third spine embedded, very stout, curved 
strongly backward, 3 in depth, 13 of the second. Snout 5} in head. 
Eye 13 in'snout. Length of base of dorsal fin equal to depth of body. 
Pectorals reaching to vent. Spines bifid; integument firm. General 
features essentially as in Antennarius now, except as to color. 

Color in life, as in spirits, pinkish; a blood-red spot with lighter 
center on each side of body, above gill opening, on the level of angle 


a 


a 


 aghitee gts tes = 


uate 


of mouth; one red spot at anterior base of dorsal fin; a red streak — 


along the antero-dorsal edge of wrist; last rays of dorsal and anal fins — 


and tip of caudal fin also red; minute red spots on dorsal fin; a large 


no.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. 375 


brown spot at middle of the base of dorsal fin; first ray of dorsal fin 
and upper part of caudal fin brown; brown streaks radiating from eye; 
numerous minute brown spots in form of rings or streaks on side of 
body, especially at the root of pectoral fins; spinules uncolored. 


See 
eee 
HSS 


Fig. 5.—ANTENNARIUS SANGUIFLUUS. 


Two specimens are known, both from Misaki, the one collected by 
Dr. Jordan, the other by Dr. Mitsukuri. 
(Sanguis, blood; flwus, flowing.) 


8. ANTENNARIUS NOX Jordan, new species. 


Head 17 in body, or 23 in total length. Depth equal to head; height 
of the dorsal fin equal to the length of the caudal. D. IIJ-12; A. 7; 
P. 11; V. 5; C. 9. Caudal peduncle 2 in caudal fin; snout 6 in head, 
2% in cleft of mouth, which is nearly vertical; eve less than 2 in snout. 
First dorsal spine 2 in caudal fin, or 33 in head, the stout tentacle 
usually quadrifid, but sometimes trifid, as in A. tr7dens; second spine 
stout, slightly lower than the first, perceptibly curved, devoid of fila- 
ments, with a thin, free membrane posteriorly; it stands 3 the length 
of eye behind the base of the first. Third dorsal spine 14 in caudal fin, 
2+ in depth; curved considerably backward; dermal fold extending 
from the top to the base of first soft dorsal ray, whence the tip of 
spine also reaches. Dorsal fin a little longer than head; the third ray 
from last extending to the caudal fin; anal slightly Jower than dorsal, 
length 14 in caudal peduncle, 24 in head; the tip extending well beyond 
base of caudal. Pectoral fin 24 its width, 3 in head; laid against body 


376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


its tip reaches to vent; ventral fin 5 in head, placed directly beneath 
eye. 

Body covered with forked spinules; skin firmer and tighter than that 
of A. tridens. Color black or dusky brown, with two (or three) large 
and several small jet-black spots on each side of body and dorsal fin; 
black streaks radiating from eye; a white blotch at the posterior base of 
second dorsal spine; minute white spots scattered on dorsal fin; each 
caudal ray with a white spota little below middle, forming a transverse 
row on the fin. Some specimens are almost perfectly black, hardly 


Fie. 6.—ANTENNARIUS NOX. 


any marks being distinguishable. Belly and tip of pectoral, ventral, 
and anal fins dull dark gray; very short filaments from the tops of 
small white protuberances sparsely scattered over body; arrangement 
of mucous tubes similar to that of A. trzdens. 

This species differ from A. ¢r/dens in color, length of fins, especially 
that of dorsal and anal fins, and in having firmer and tighter integu- 
ment; second and third dorsal spines and soft dorsal without filaments. 

Our specimens, 6 in number, are from Wakanoura and Nagasaki. 

(Vox, night). 

4. CHAUNAX Lowe. 


Chaunav Lown, Trans. Zool. Soe. Lond., III, 1846, p. 339 (pictus). 


Head very large, depressed, cuboid. Mouth large, subvertical; jaws 
and palate with bands of small teeth. Skin with small, sharp spines. 
Spinous dorsal reduced to a small tentacle above the snout, retractile into 
a groove; soft dorsal moderate, low; anal short; ventrals small. Gills 
25: no pseudobranchiw. Muciferous channels yery conspicuous, the lat- 
eral line prominent, undulate; another series of mucous tubes extending 


. 


Lar 


gus yt 


Ver 


no.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. 307 


from lower jaw to axil; still another extending backward from snout 

and maxillary to a point behind eye, when it ceases, uniting with a 

vertical line which extends from the lateral line to the lower line; these 

lines thus inclose a quadrate area on the cheek. Gill opening small, 

well behind pectoral under front of soft dorsal. Deep seas. 
(yavvaég, one who gapes). 


9. CHAUNAX FIMBRIATUS Hilgendorf. 


Chaunax fimbriatus HiLGENDORE, Gesellsch. Naturf. Freunde, 1879, p. 80; off Tokyo. 
Chaunax pictus IsatKawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 37; Japan (not of Lowe). 


Head measured to the anterior edge of gill opening, 13 in length, 


excluding caudal fin; 2 in total length; depth 2% in body; 3% in total 
length; snout 6 in head; eye 2 in snout. Head wider than deep. 
Rostral spine short, nearly equal to eye. Gill opening below fifth or 
sixth soft rays of dorsal. 

Weel Ae GC 6 Pie Vie. Mouth: vertical, thevend of 
maxillary not hidden. Length of maxillary 34 in head. Posterior 
part of spinous dorsal of one spine hidden in a fold of skin. Mucous 
channel chain-like; extending from tip of snout above eye to a point 
behind eye along supraorbital edge, then downward, connecting with 
lateral line which is abruptly bent above anal fin; branch extending 
backward from middle of maxillary below eye; a similar groove from 
lower jaw backward to upper base of pectoral fin. Series of pores 
below eye connected by a vertical series of pores to base of lateral 
line; these pores on cheek surrounding a quadrangular patch of skin. 
Spinules simple, rather high. 

Color, in spirits, uniform pale pinkish yellow; the largest specimens 
dirty gray. Skin semitransparent on belly; very loose. 

Coast of Japan, in rather deep water, here described from a speci- 
men 10 inches long, from Sagami Bay. Many smaller specimens were 
dredged in Suruga Bay by the United States Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross, and two more in Sagami Bay. 

(Fimbriatus, fringed). 


Faminy III]. OG@COCEPHALID. 
THE BAT FISHES. 


Head very broad and depressed, the snout more or less elevated, 
the trunk short and slender. Mouth not large, subterminal or infe- 
rior, the lower jaw included; teeth villiform or cardiform. Gill 
openings very small, above and behind the axils of the pectoral fins. 
Body and head covered with bony tubercles or spines.  Spinous 
dorsal reduced to a small rostral tentacle which is retractile into a 
cavity under a prominent process in the forehead; in one genus the 
rostral tentacle is obsolete; soft fin well developed, its base strongly 


378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


angled, with long pseudobrachia and 3 actinosts; branchiostegals, 5; 

no pseudobranchie. 

a. Ogcocephaline: Disk with frontal region elevated and the snout more or less 
produced forward, the tail stout; orbit lateral; teeth on vomer and palatines; 
rostral tentacle present. 

Batons 2s @isk broad. « <0. 22 So see eS eee eee Valthopsis, 5 

aa. Halieutwxine: Disk with frontal region depressed, not elevated above the rest 
of body; eyes partly superior; snout rounded, obtuse in front; tail slender. 

c. Dorsal fin present; vomer and palatines toothless; disk subcircular; gills 23; 

mouth rather large, subvertical; prickles rather strong -------- Halieutea, 6 


5. MAL DHOPSES Allcock . 


Malthopsis Aucock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 26 (/uteus). 

Disk triangular, usually wider than long, when expanded about as 
long as rest of body (including caudal fin); middle line of head ele- 
vated, the forehead more or less projecting beyond mouth; rostral 
tentacle present, its cavity about as wide as high; mouth small; minute 
teeth on vomer and palatines. Grills, 2. 

Small fishes of the sea bottoms of Asia; differing from the New 
World genus Ogcocephalus (Malthe), chiefly in the reduced gills. 

(uarOn, Malthe, a synonym of Ogcocephalus; opts, appearance.) 


10. MALTHOPSIS TIARELLA Jordan, new species. 


Head triangular, measured to gill opening, a little more than one-half 
of length exclusive of caudal fin, the elevated snout at the apex; a 
stout, protruding supraoral spine on the tip of snout, the height of 
which from eye is 74 in length; base of triangle of disk rather longer 
than the sides; the length of the latter equal to that of head. Eyes 
large, lateral, their diameter nearly equal to the height of supraoral 
spine. Snout short, about two-thirds of eye; mouth smaller than eye; 
a groove above mouth containing a small rostral tentacle; the cavity 
higher than wide; interorbital space one-half of the height of supra- 
orbital spine; width of trunk at axil 6% in length. Length of tail 23: dis- 
tance between vent to anal fin slightly more than two in tail; D. 7; A. 3; 
P. 10 (4); C. 6; tip of anal rays extending to root of caudal fin; root 
of caudal fin to anterior base of dorsal fin 3 in length; length of 
caudal fin 3$ in length; ventral fin slender; pectoral fin 4 in length; 
depth of caudal peduncle equal to height of cavity above snout. 

Cranial region elevated in front, depressed posteriorly; trunk slen- 
der, somewhat deeper than wide, tapering toward caudal fin; spines on 
supraorbital and occipital region rather prominent, forming two rows, 
leaving a clear space along median line of head. Three rows of spines 
on edge of head, the middle row terminating in lower jaw, the upper 
row dilating under eye and continued to the end of maxillary. Pos- 
terior angle of head ending in a sharp triangular protuberance with 
four spinules on tip. Body and wrists covered with bony plates in 


no.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. 379 


irregular rows, each with a prominence in center, surmounted by a 
posteriorly-pointed spine. Gills, 2. 

Color, gray, with a brownish patch with small dark dots around 
region of axil; suborbital region reticulated with brown streaks; a 
dark band crossing near end of caudal and pectoral fins and base of 
caudal fin; anal fin dark; belly dusky. Skin on dorsal side of abdominal 
region and ventral side of head, thin and rather loose. 


Fic. 7.—MALTHOPSIS TIARELLA. 


Coast of Japan, in rather deep water; described from a specimen 14 
inches long from Suruga Bay, near Numazu, dredged by the United 
States Fish Commission steamer Albatross. This specimen is in the 
United States National Museum. No. 49801, U.S.N.M. 

(Name, a diminutive of ¢/ara, a miter.) 


Measurements of Malthopsis tiarella. 


Rays. fepAcc: 2b. LOG 16: 


ene phenasrrvall LIM CLOTS ser pasats acare se o!=/arafatn nlnni~/ainta ale clei mle! =fala eleictal= | 37 
Head in hundredths of length, measured to gill opening.....) 55 
Supraoral spine, from anterior edge of eye.........-.--------- 14 
DIAMETEMOMCV Cer eke mee secession se aaah aehllcehiese ers 13 
IMTCTOLD LAE ACO mene eem eae ee eine ene ee meine = pe cele aera -aaial= | 7 
WaeluhiO bem OU ee eee eae nor esas Seine elon ace = mine ee ate, ole 10 
GH Ot STOOVC se ae orca aa ae ene era cease eee a | 8 
\ ACCT TMOL A Te9 nO Ohi(en Boone aan Bee hae SHO Crer aeanners aes One eae | 
Snout to posterior angle of opercle.......-.------------------- | 54 
Depth of head at vertical line over eye 21 
Somaya rey Koyest ey Icha: yee ee ee Se a eee ar sase | 66 
SUMOig Alen iey ls iol 2 oh ae Ee eee aoe | 78 
Widthvetihod yates: .. os s2ce sce s asic aes 2 15 
Depth of caudal peduncile...........--.----- 8 
TREMOR O Leal eth bee ein arate efaiaee naa = ig aia ayn a laters iaia te iSelmimimyelal oe 27 
Mere tivOimpectOra lim. Loses sae s le eietlalas etme ate <ratsrsie simi =e 25 
SHO OMA MELE Ol WEIS terse tees ole ierarcretate inverse ciate crelarein/oclele(e)sinle.eie | 65 
NEM Shy Otay. en bre litt il ery ee atte ceases ie oisisioein atsiei= w'sinia oeieieira IIS = 23 
NGG rr etilarres faba ete er et ee ee en cece cin ee ctetoieicininia cide | 41 
Ny Gloinito) MeN ee cena mn sogcn Cone sono Coe ne re cece acadeoaec ss 21 


880 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


6. HALIBUT A424 Cuvier and Valenciennes. 
Halieutea CuvieR AND VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, 1837, p. 455 
(stellatus ). 

Head very large, broad, depressed, its outline nearly circular; cleft 
of mouth wide, horizontal; jaws with small cardiform teeth; no teeth 
on vomer or palatines. Skin everywhere covered with small, stellate 
spines. Forehead with a transverse bony ridge, beneath which isa 
tentacle, retractile into a cavity, the only rudiment of the spinous 
dorsal fin; soft dorsal and anal very short, far back. Gills 24, the 
anterior gill arch without lamin. Branchiostegals 5; vertebra 17. 

(ahievtys, a fisher.) 


11. HALIEUTASA STELLATA (Vahl). 
AKAGUTSU (RED SHOE). 


Lophius stellaia Vani, Skr. Naturh. Kjobenh., IV, p. 214, pl. mr, figs. 3, 4, 
1797; Japan. 

Halieuta stellata CUVIER AND VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, p. 456, pl. 
ccecLxv1; China.—ScuHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 160, pl. Lxx11; Nagasaki.— 
BLEEKER, Amboyna et Ceram., p. 279.—GUnTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 208; 
China.—Nysrrom, Kong. Svensk. Ak., 1887, p. 37; Nagasaki.—IsHIKAWA, Prel. 
Cat., 1897, p. 36; Boshu, Tokyo, Ajiro, Izu. 

Lophius faujas Lacsprpe, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 1798, p.318; museum of the Hague. 

Lophius muricatus SHaw, Gen. Zool., V, 1805, p. 382, pl. cixir (after Lacépéde). 


Disk circular, with a groove posteriorly; wrists, with transversely 
projecting pectoral fins, forming angles at the beginning of the groove; 
diameter of disk three-fourths of length, exclusive of caudal fin; 
head measured to gill opening 14 in length; eye large, oblique, dorsal 
half covered by an extension of interorbital skin; mouth oblique, semi- 
inferior; gape 4 in length; a triangular cavity above mouth containing 
a stout tentacle, consisting of two equally divided lobes, with thin 
fleshy flaps at tip; height of cavity hardly less than its base, which is 
over 2 in eye; body tapering rapidly from axil toward caudal fin. 
Vent placed a little in advance to angle of wrist; distance from vent 
to root of caudal fin 28 in length. Vent to anal fin 2 in caudal fin; 
D. 5; A. 3; .P. 12; V..5; C. 8 or 9; length of “caudal fim 335 ine bods 
pectoral fin 3}; ventral fin 53; cranial region raised; skin rather firm; 
dorsal surface covered with rather high, simple, straight spines, except 
the horny edge of disk and side of body, which are fringed with bony 
prominences, each terminating in three, four, or five spinules; inter- 
orbital space slightly depressed, free from spines; occipital region 
highest, covered with low spines, depressing gradually toward body; 
skin on belly and ventral side of head granular to touch, free from 
spines, except the bony edge of disk and mandible, which are covered 
with low blunt spines. 

Color uniformly light yellowish, with slight brownish tinge, doubt- 


an Fe. ee eee, Pe 


aniaindpaabdel 


xo.1261. JAPANESE PEDICULATE FISHES—JORDAN AND SINDO. 381 


less crimson or orange in life; tips of fins brown, except dorsal fin, 
which is somewhat lighter than other fins; tentacle slightly darker 
than body. 

Coast of Japan, not very common. We have one specimen 68 
millimeters long from Ajiro near Atami, presented by Dr. Ishikawa, 
from the Imperial Museum. 

(Stellatus, starry.) 


Measurements of Halieuteza stellata. 


Rays, D. 5; A. 3; P.12; V.5; C.8 or 9. 


Mengthuinamillemeters!csecsmaece ene se sekeee 68 
Diameter of disk in hundredths of length...... 75 
Heads toren opening: 22-2 seeee ee menaseeeeoeeee 58 
SWOUte Si. 2- ose sc eecis ease recess aes Seas Zee EL: 
HIVO! So ccncomsas ease ee ae eee ne eea= ile 
Interorbital space’. .2....-2..c=---- 11 
Gape of mouth, from angle to angle 25 


Height of supraoral cavity .....-- ot 
Width of supraoral cavity -. 


Snout to dorsal fin........... 70 
Widithvohemumiksetyeasaile ocr. antaeoe token ce cye 16 
Depth.of ‘caudalspedunele 2. -- 2.2.2.2 ..5.. 22.2. 5 
Mentito root ofeaudalsfin)--22-5..-2.0-2-6s50ce.: 35 
Ment tovanailttiniee. tos.) seen enter. «sae anaes 15 
henethVorenud alin so. ees see oe se esiecm ance n ste 29 
Rensthiorpectorall fines. ao: ssec5-ce sc lke cose eee 31 
Benp thy OL Ven tralifintses 2a. ge ca ciccceeceene cece 18 


SUMMARY. 


Family I. Lorri. 


1. Lophiomus Gill. 
1. setigerus (Vahl); Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 
2. litulon Jordan; Tokyo, Wakanoura, Totomi Bay, Matsushima Bay. 


Family II. ANTENNARUD. 
2. Pterophryne Gill. 


3. listrio (Linneeus); Misaki, Enoshima. 
4. ranina (Tilesius); Wakanoura. 


3. Antennarius Lacépéde. 


5. tridens (Schlegel): Nagasaki, Wakanoura, Kobe, Enoshima, Uraga, Misaki, Tokyo. 
. scriptissimus Jordan; Boshu. 

. sanguifluus Jordan; Misaki. 

8. nox Jordan; Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 


=~1 S&S 


4+. Chaunax Lowe. 
9. fimbriatus Hilgendorf; Sagami Bay, Suruga Bay. - 
Family III. OGcocepHaLip™. 
5. Malthopsis Alcock. 
10. tiarella Jordan; Suruga Bay. 
6. Halieutea Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


11. stellata (Vahl); Ajiro. 


~ 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. 


By WiLit1am ScHaus. 


The following descriptions of new species of American butterflies 
were prepared from the author’s collection which is now deposited in 
the United States National Museum. The species are from various 
localities, mostly in Brazil, although a few are from Mexico and the 
West Indies. In the Hesperiide I have followed closely Godman’s 
recent work, and I may have created a few synonyms, as both Plétz’s 
and Herrich-Schaeffer’s descriptions are difficult to identify. I 
believe, however, that the species here described are all new to science. 


Family NYMPHALID. 
DAN AIN 45. 


DIRCENNA HUGIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings hyaline, yellowish gray; the veins and margins 
brown, widest at end of veins; large hyaline yellowish spots between 
the veins, along the outer margin and beyond the cells above vein 4; 
an opaque yellow streak on costal margin above end of cell on pri- 
maries, and a broad, brown discocellular shade; secondaries with 
less brown on discocellular and the outer margin somewhat broader. 
Underneath, primaries as above. Secondaries with the margin reddish 
brown; a blackish streak along upper portion of cell; linear white 
terminal spots shaded with black. 

Expanse.— Seventy millimeters. 

LTabitat.—Bolivia. 

Type.—No. 5859, U.S.N.M. 


LEUCOTHYRIS MANORA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings hyaline, blue white; the veins and margins 
blackish. Primaries, the margins rather broad; the outer margin 
narrowest between veins 3 and 4; the apex inclosing a hyaline spot 
above vein 6; an oblique median spot from costa to veins 4 and 5; a 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. XXIV—No. 1262. 
383 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


white spot on costa and a white streak on vein 6 beyond median spot. 
Secondaries, the outer margin broad, tapering to anal angle; some 
whitish shades between the veins on outer margins of both wings. 
Underneath the markings are reddish brown, edged with black; some 
terminal white spots on primaries above vein 5 to apex. Secondaries, 
amarginal gray line interrupted by the veins, and dark streaks between 
the veins. 

Kxpanse.—Forty-six millimeters. 

FHabitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5860, U.S.N.M. 


EPISCADA PASCUA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body dark brown above, gray below. Wings hyaline, 
the veins and margins very narrowly brown. Primaries, a narrow 
brown discocellular shade; a hyaline costal streak above end of cell. 
Underneath, the margins reddish brown; a terminal black line on outer 
margins; a small apical white spot on secondaries. 

Expanse.—¥orty-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5861, U.S.N.M. 


EPISCADA CARCINIA, new species. 


DNiagnosis.—W ings hyaline; veins and margins very narrowly dark 
brown, thickening on outer margin at end of veins. Primaries, a red- 
dish brown streak on basal half of costa; a discocellular dark brown 
shade tapering to a point at vein 4; the inner margin blackish brown 
below the submedian; a white costal spot beyond cell. Secondaries, 
the outer margin slightly wider than on primaries. Underneath, the 
margins light reddish brown; the costal margin of secondaries yellow- 
ish; some greenish scales at apex of secondaries. 

Expanse.—Forty-five millimeters. 

Habitat. —Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5862, U.S.N.M. 


PTERONYMIA MINNA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings transparent, the veins and margins narrowly 
blackish brown. Primaries, the discocellular finely dark, followed by 
a yellow streak on costa, and a faint yellow shade from costa to vein 4; 
a marginal row of faint yellow spots; a reddish line above subcostal 
vein from base to end of cell. 

Secondaries, the cell and inner margin faintly tinged with yellow. 
Underneath, the costal and outer margins reddish brown. Primaries, 
the discocellular streak reddish brown; a grayish streak on costal edge 
of median space; secondaries, a blackish streak on anterior portion of 
cell; a white spot at apex; one on extreme margin between 2 and 3, 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 385 


and another between 3 and 4; these spots edged with dark brown; 
fringe brown. 

Expanse.—F ifty-five millimeters. 

Habitat.— Bolivia. 

Type.—No. 5863, U.S.N.M. 


PTERONYMIA CALGIRIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings hyaline yellowish; the ves and margins nar- 
rowly dark brown. Primaries, a dark discocellular shade slightly 
curved; a yellow semihyaline costal streak beyond cell; marginal semi- 
hyaline yellowish spots; the cell shaded with yellow interrupted by a 
dark transverse shade at half its length. Secondaries shaded with yel- 
low; the margin widest before vein 3 and at apex. Underneath, the 
apex and outer margin of primaries shaded with reddish brown; three 
apical white spots. Secondaries, the margins black; a reddish costal 
streak; a wavy reddish line in outer margin followed by linear white 
spots; two linear white spots on costal margin. The antenne black, 
tipped with orange. 

Expanse.—F itty-seven millimeters. 

Habitat. —Bolivia. 

Type.—No. 5864, U.S.N.M. 


PTERONYMIA CARLIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings, hyaline blue white; the veins and margins nar- 
rowly black; Primaries, a broad blackish discocellular shade, widest 
on costa; a reddish brown streak on basal half of costa; a white spot 
on costa beyond cell; a semihyaline white spot above inner angle 
Underneath, the margin and discocellular shade light reddish brown. 
Primaries, the inner margin blackish; the costa and apex irrorated 
with white hairs; a terminal black line on outer margin. Secondaries, 
a terminal dark line irrorated with white hairs, especially at apex. 

Kxpanse.—Forty-six millimeters. 

[abitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5865, U.S.N.M. 


PTERONYMIA ILSIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings hyaline. Primaries, costa on basal half nar- 
rowly black with a reddish brown streak; a broad brown median spot 
from costa narrowing slightly at veins 3 and 4, followed by a white 
band which becomes semihyaline toward outer margin above vein 4; 
apex broadly brown; outer margin brown, moderately broad; inner 
margin grayish brown below submedian. Secondaries, a fairly broad 
brown outer margin, widest at apex, tapering to anal angle. Under- 
neath, inner margin barkgray; outer margin reddish brown from inner 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 25 


386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


angle to vein 4; apex crossed by a reddish-brown band followed by three. 
subapical whitish spots; median spot reddish brown edged with black-— 
ish. Secondaries, the margins light reddish brown; a terminal dark — 
line; a white spot at apex; some white scales above and below the spot. © 
Expanse.—¥orty-seven millimeters. 
Habitat.—Boliyia. 
Type.—No. 5866, U.S.N.M. 


ITHOMIA SALCATA, new species. 


Diagnosis. — Male.—Head black spotted with white. Collar reddish. — 
Wings hyaline white, the veins and margins blackish brown. Pri- — 
maries, the discocellular wide on costa, tapering to a point at vein 4, — 
slightly curved, and followed by some white scales on costa; the outer — 
margin narrower. Secondaries, the outer margin fairly broad. — 
Underneath, the margins and discocellular shade light reddish brown — 
edged with black. Primaries, three apical white spots. Secondaries, — 
the costa yellowish; the gland and upper part of cell black; some — 
small white spots above vein 3 on outer margin. The female has the 
hyaline portion irrorated with grayish scales. . 

Expanse.—Male, 42 millimeters; female, 48 millimeters. 

Habitat.—Colombia. 

Type.—No. 5867, U.S.N.M. 


CALLOLERIA TOSCA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings thinly scaled, semitransparent. Primaries, — 
costal, inner and outer margins narrowly black; between inner margin — 
and submedian vein a reddish-brown shade from base to outer margin; 
the same on costal margin, from base to median black shade; cell irro- | 
rated with carneous and yellow scales; a black spot near base; a broad — 
black median shade oblique from costa to veins 3 and 4, indentated at_ 
end of cell, and followed by a broad pale yellow shade deeply dentate — 
between 4 and 5, incurved below 4, then oblique to outer margin — 
above vein 2: this yellow space is followed by a paler black shade 
which reaches the outer margin from. below vein 3 to above vein 4, — 
inclosing a round yellowish marginal spot between veins 3 and 4; the— 
apex yellow, preceded by a broad pale yellowish transverse band from - 
costa to below vein 5. Secondaries reddish brown; a black subcostal 
streak; the outer margin black, the border forming inward curves 
between the veins on basal side; a blackish band from middle of inner 
margin to vein 5; the space between this band and outer margin 
tinged with yellow. Underneath brighter in tone; a marginal row of — 
white spots. On secondaries the subcostal and median black lines 
meet between veins 5 and 6. 

“iepanse.—51 millimeters. 

Habitat.—Colombia. 

Type.—No. 5868, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 387 


SAUD YARN Aa 
EUPTYCHIA OCELLOIDES, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—W ings brown; a darker terminal and marginal 
line. Primaries, a subapical black spot containing some lilacine scales 
and circled with yellowish; a similar spot on secondaries subtermi- 
nally between veins 2 and 3; before the marginal line is another faint 
darker line somewhat wavy. Underneath grayish brown; the mar- 
ginal lines more distinct. Primaries, the subapical spot as on upper 
surface, but again circled with a fine brown line; a faint oblique 
brownish outer line from costa to inner angle. Secondaries, a fine 
transverse brown line at one-third from base and another at two- 
thirds from base; a large apical ocellus containing two white points; 
the ocellus between veins 2 and 3 preceded and followed by a smaller 
ocellus, the yellow circles coalescing and the three finely edged with 
dark brown; the space between marginal and terminal lines yellowish. 

Female.—Primaries similar to the male; secondaries with two ocelli 
near anal angle, both above and below. 

Expanse.—Male, 27 millimeters; female, 31 millimeters. 

Hlabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5869, U.S.N.M. 


EUPTYCHIA CASTRENSIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Female.—Wings brown with darker lines; a terminal 
and marginal line; a wavy dentate subterminal line; a straight outer’ 
line just beyond celli. Secondaries, the subterminal preceded by a 
subapical black point; a small ocellus below vein 2 and a larger one 
above vein 2; the ocelli black with white points and finely circled 
with vellow. Underneath brownish fawn color, the lines darker and 
as on upper surface; also a fine inner line, slightly curved on prima- 
ries, faintly wavy on secondaries. Primaries, an ocellus between veins 
5 and 6; a small annular brown ring above vein 6, and three from veins 
2to 5, containing afew yellowishscales. Secondaries, the space between 
outer and subterminal lines whitish with a large ocellus between veins 
5 and 6 and 2 and 3; a small ocellus below vein 2 and above vein 3, 
and a smaller geminate ocellus between veins 4 and 5. 

The male is darker. The secondaries are without a subapical spot 
above. Underneath the primaries have only a single black subter- 
minal point between veins 5 and 6; on the secondaries there is a small 
ocellus above vein 6, and the ocelli between veins 3 and 5 are reduced 
to lilacine flecks surmounted with brown. 

Allied to #. wndina Butler. 

Expanse.—Thirty-two millimeters. 

Fabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5870, U.S.N.M. 


388 "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


EUPTYCHIA NARAPA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings uniform brown; a dark terminal line. 
Underneath brown; a fine darker inner line; a straight outer line, dark 
brown, outwardly shaded with whitish; a lunular wavy subterminal line; 
a straight marginal line; the terminal line blackish. Primaries, four 
blackish ocelli with white points and faintly circled with yellow from 
veins 2 to 6. Secondaries, five ocelli as on primaries from veins 2 to 
7, those between 2 and 3 and 5 and 6 slightly larger. 

Expanse.—Thirty-one millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5871, U.S.N.M. 


EUPTYCHIA MONECA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Female.x—Wings dark brown, with darker terminal, 
marginal and subterminal lines; the latter wavy. Primaries, a dark 
point at end of cell; a dark outer line angled below costa, then straigh. 
toinner margin. Secondaries, the outer line incurved between 5 and 6 
then wavy to inner margin; a faint inner line; an ocellus above vein 
2,a smaller one below it. Underneath light brown, irrorated with 
darker striz; the lines as above; the space between marginal and ter- 
minal lines yellowish. Primaries, a distinct inner line, nearly straight} 
a small ocellus between veins 5 and 6. Secondaries, a wavy inner 
line; an ocellus between veins 2 and 3, and one between 5 and 6, wit 
two silver points; a smaller ocellus below vein 2 with a single silve 
point; a small geminate ocellus between 4 and 5; a minute ocelluc 
above vein 3 and above vein 6. 

Male.—The ocelli on secondaries above very small; those under neat 
also small, and not geminate between veins 4 and 5. 

Expanse.—Male, twenty-nine millimeters; female, thirty-three mi’ 
limeters. 

Habitat. —Castro, Parana; Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5872, U.S.N.M. 


EUPTYCHIA BURGIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Female.—Wings dark brown; an outer dark straigh 
line to near anal angle of secondaries; a wavy lunular subterminal line 
a fine marginal and terminal line. Underneath olivaceous brown; 
wavy dark brown inner line not reaching costa on primaries; a straight 
dark brown outer line, broadly shaded outwardly with lilacine gray; 
four minute ocelli on primaries between veins 2 to 6; five similar 
ocelli on secondaries between veins 2 to 7; the subterminal, marginal, 
and terminal lines very fine; the fringe ee spotted with blackish, 

Hxpanse.—Forty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5873, U.S.N.M. 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 389 


EUPTYCHIA MORIMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown, without markings; the apex of 
primaries somewhat truneated. Underneath brown. Primaries, a 
darker inner line, slightly curved; a wavy, indistinct outer line; five 
white points between veins 2 to 7; the se Ae margin irrorated with 
lilacine above vein 2; a faint wavy subterminal line. Secondaries, a 
wavy inner line; the median space from vein 6 to inner margin, also the 
outer margin, irrorated with lilacine scales; a straight outer line; six 
faint white points before the subterminal, which is fine, wavy, dentate. 

Expanse.—Forty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5874, U.S.N. M. 


EUPTYCHIA PALLEMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—W ings light brown, with darker wavy, subtermi- 
fal, marginal, and terminal lines. Underneath lilacine brown; a broad 
snner and outer transverse ochreous brown band, edged with dark 
‘brown, the latter angled near anal angle of secondaries; a broad brown 
shade beyond, on which are the ocelli; a small subapical ocellus on 
primaries; five ocelli on secondaries; those between veins 2 and 3 and 
5and 6 large, black, circled with yellow, and containing two silvery 
points; the ocellus above vein 6 similar but smaller; the ocelli between 
fland 4 and 4 and 5 consisting of two silvery streaks on a brownish 
spot circled with yellow; a fine wavy subterminal line, divided by 
echreous brown scales near anal angle; the marginal and terminal lines 
fine. 

Expanse.—F orty-four millimeters. 

LHabitat.—Peru. 
=! Type.—No. 5875, U.S.N.M. 


EUPTYCHIA BORASTA, new species. 


_ Diagnosis.—Male.—W ings brown, the lines darker; the subterminal 
nearly straight, parallel to margin; the marginal line similar; the ter- 
minal line finer; a large and asmaller black ocellus with silvery points, 
“nd broadly circled with ochreous near anal angle of secondaries. 

TJnderneath grayish brown, thinly irrorated with darker brown; the 

aner and outer lines fine, dark brown, shaded with lighter brown 
toward median space, the former line slightly excurved, the latter 
faintly incurved on primaries, faintly wavy on secondaries; the space 
between outer and subterminal lines whitish, divided by a broad brown- 
ish shade, becoming ochreous between vein 3 and inner margin on sec- 
ondaries, and on which are the ocelli; an almost imperceptible ocellus 
or. primaries between veins 5 and 6, on secondaries a black ocellus with 
silver point and circled with yellow between veins 5 and 6; a minute 
similar ocellus above vein 6; a black spot with a silver point above 


390 © PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


vein 2 and a similar spot below vein 2; these are on the ochreous por- 
tion of band and the yellow circle is obsolescent; the subterminal, 
marginal, and terminal lines as on upper side; fringe brown at base, 
outwardly grayish. 
_ Kxpanse.—F¥ orty-five millimeters. 
Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 
| Lype.—No. 5876, U.S.N.M. 


LYMANOPODA VAROLA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings brown, faintly tinged with rufous. Underneath 
similar; some lilacine scales on outer marvin, limited by a fine irregular 
reddish brown line. Primaries, a darker indistinct outer Jine; a 
marginal ocellus between veins 2 and 3, black containing a white point 
and circled with ochreous. Secondaries, an irregular reddish sub- 
terminal line followed between veins 2 and 3 by a small round yellow 
spot. 

Expanse.—Thirty-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5877, U.S.N.M. 


BRASSOLIN 44. 
NAROPE MARMORATA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings brown, the veins paler; also the basal and ante- 
rior portion of primaries to the dark violaceous brown apical portion 
which does not reach vein 4 on the outer margin. Underneath, pri- 
maries fawn color, irrorated with dark brown striz; a narrow inner 
and a broad median irregular brownish shade; a white shade from 
apex to middle of inner margin; a white costal spot before apex; a 
marginal black spot mottled with white: scales between veins 5 and 6. 
Secondaries darker; an oblique violaceous shade from middle of costal 
margin to near base of inner margin; a similar median shade from 
vein 5 to middle of inner margin; an outer shade not quite so dark 
and mottled with lilacine from vein 5 to inner margin and anal angle, 
containing four subterminal yellow spots edged with reddish brown, 
the largest spot between veins 2 and 3; the outer margin light brown¢ 
limited by a lunular dentate darker brown line. 

Another specimen has the upper surface of a more uniform brown, 
merely the apex and outer margins being slightly darker. 

Expanse.—Fifty-eight millimeters. 

Habitat.—Bolivia. 

Type.—No. 5878, U.S.N.M. 


NO, 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 391 


ACR ACTIN AL. 


ACRAEZA OZINTA, new species. 


NERO TM 680 FOE MP eS ae 


Diagnosis.—Wings deep blue black. Primaries, a roseate basal 
space confined within the subcostal and submedian veins, and oblique 
from subcostal to below vein 2. Underneath, primaries duller; the 
_ roseate spot on primaries as on upper surface. Secondaries dull black, 
_ the veins brilliant black, thinly irrorated with reddish scales; the base 
and cell yellow, streaked with black. | 
_ Expanse.—Forty-eight millimeters. 

FHabitat.—V enezuela. 


Type.—No. 5879, U.S.N.M. 


¢ 


an 


F ACRAA DOGNINI, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings blue black. Primaries, the cell, a space between 
veins 2 and 3, and a space below the end of cell and vein 2 bright red, 
not reaching the submedian; sometimes a subapical reddish transverse 

line. Underneath, primaries black; the red not so bright and extend- 
ing to base and inner margin; a subterminal reddish shade consisting 
of short longitudinal streaks. Secondaries dull black; the costa, base, 
-and inner margin streaked with red; some indistinct streaks on outer 
portion. 
_ Kxpanse.—Fitty-two millimeters. 
Habitat.—Ambato, Ecuador. 
Type.—No. 5880, U.S.N.M. 


ACRAA MITAMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings somewhat transparent, especially the outer mar- 
gins, fulvous; the outer margins broadly brownish black, with darker 
streaks between the veins. -Primaries, the costa and inner margins 
narrowly blackish; a transverse black streak in cell from subcostal to 
vein 2; a broad black streak at end of cell; a short longitudinal black 
streak below median vein near base; an oblique black shade from 
— costa touching the discocellular at vein 5, incurved below vein 2. 
Secondaries, the discocellular velvety black followed by a broad 
curved velvety black line from middle of costa to middle of inner 
margin. Underneath brownish, thinly scaled, showing the markings 
of upper surface. 

Lixpanse.—Forty-seven millimeters. 
Hlabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 
Allied to A. wam7ta Burmeister. 
Type.—No. 5881, U.S.N.M. 


Lae 


Pe ee ee ee STR, 


392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


ACRAZEA SURIMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings light fulvous brown, the veins black.  Pri- 
maries, the costal, outer and inner margins narrowly black; the apex 
broadly black; a black point below median near base; a broad black 
mark in cell from costa to vein 2, basally excavated; a broad black 
outer band inclosing discocellular touching outer margin at vein 2, and 
inwardly dentate below it. Secondaries, the outer margin broadly 
black, finely toothed between the veins; discocellular black adjoining 
a short black longitudinal streak in cell; a broad black outer band 
slightly oblique from middle of costa to vein 4, then curved toward 
base to below vein 2, where it is angled and diminishes in width to 
middle of inner margin; two black streaks below cell from base to 
outer band. Underneath similar, but duller. 

“panse.—Fifty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5882, U.S.N.M. 


ACRAZA QUADRA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Secondaries slightly angled at vein 4. Wings light 
brown, the veins black. Primaries, the costal, inner and outer 
margins narrowly black, the latter with darker and deeper intervenal 
streaks; the apex broadly black similarly streaked; an irregular black 
spot in cell beyond vein 2, not reaching the subcostal; a broad outer 
oblique band from costa to outer margin at vein 2, inclosing a few 
light brown scales between veins 2 and 3; a black streak from base to 
outer margin above submedian vein; a transverse black mark from 
the middle of vein 2 to inner margin. Secondaries, a short black 
longitudinal streak in cell; outer margin narrowly black; long black 
intervenal streaks from near cell to outer margin. Underneath, 
primaries flesh color, the black margins replaced by greenish buff, 
streaked with black; the veins black; the discal spot and mark below 
vein 2 as on upper surface; the outer transverse band black, narrower 
from vein 7 to 2 near outer margin, inclosing a small pale spot above 
vein 5. Secondaries greenish buff, the veins and black streaks as on 
upper surface. 

Hxpanse.—Sixty-four millimeters. 

[Tabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

A very distinct species. 

Type.—N 0. 5883, U.S.N.M. 


NYMPHALINAE. 


ERESIA CRINA, new species. 


¢ 
Diagnosis.—Primaries roseate; the costa and inner margin finely 

black; the outer margin broadly, and apical third of wing black; a 

broad oblique black band from middle of costa to outer margin at 


No, 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 393 


vein 2; this band widest toward costa. Secondaries black; the basal 
half tinged with drak gray. Underneath, primaries similar but the 
roseate more delicate in color. Secondaries dark brown, the veins 
black; streaks of dark reddish scales at base of costa in cell and along 
the inner margin. 

“xpanse.—Forty-one millimeters. 

[abitat.—Ecuador. 

Type.—No. 5884, U.S.N.M. 


PHYCIODES FELLULA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings above black, markings white. Primaries, a 
small spot at end of cell; beyond cell a geminate spot divided by 
vein 6; a large spot on inner margin at two-thirds from base, and a 
similar spot above vein 2 a little closer to margin; a large subterminal 
white spot between veins + and 5; two minute spots near costa before 


apex; fringe spotted with white at apex, and between veins 4 to 6. 


Secondaries, a broad median white band, cut by black veins; a faint, 
fine, subterminal reddish line. Underneath, primaries; the basal half 
olivaceous gray, the outer half blackish; the spots as above; the discal 
spot much larger, bordered with black; a white space at apex, and on 
outer margin between veins 4 to 6, cut by a wavy subterminal geminate 
dark line. Secondaries, the basal two-thirds white, the outer third 
brownish; some irregular anular spots on basal half, ight brown, and 
a darker brown spot at end of cell; the median white band containing 
minute brown specks on veins; a subterminal row of deep black spots 
partly edged with white; marginal white lunules. 

Expanse.—Thirty-three millimeters. 

FHabitat.—Colombia. 

Allied to P. zanthe Fabricius. 

Type.—No. 5885, U.S.N.M. 


PHYCIODES SEJONA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Fvmale.—Primaries black-brown, spotted with light 
reddish brown; the spots on basal half small and darker; an oblique 
streak from costa at two-thirds to vein 4; two small spots beyond, 
between veins 4 and 6; a large space on inner margin before angle to 
vein 3, cut by a fine transverse dark line; some marginal reddish brown 
shadings widest between veins 3 and 4. Secondaries bright reddish 
brown; the base and costa blackish; an outer black band from inner 
margin to vein 6; the margin black; the space between divided by a 
black lunular line; fringe grayish white. Underneath, primaries 
fulvous, the dark markings of upper side replaced by reddish brown, 
except a submarginal band from vein 4 to inner angle, which is black; 
a lilacine patch before apex; a fine marginal line. Secondaries, the 
basal two-thirds and apex lilacene, irrorated with reddish brown; the 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


outer portion from inner margin to vein 5 brownish; a fine irregular 
inner and an outer brown line; a median similar line, inclosing-a 
fulvous discal spot; subterminal dark points below vein 5; a dark 
marginal lunular line. 

Expanse.—Thirty-five millimeters. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5886, U.S.N.M. 


PHYCIODES BRANCODIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings brown irrorated with fulvous scales at the base, 
and spotted with paler fawn color. Primaries, a small discal spot in 
cell; a much larger one near end of cell; a spot below each of these 
above the submedian; a fulvous streak on discocellular; four spots 
between vein 4.and submedian, the lower two the smallest; slightly 
beyond these spots from veins 4 to 7, and two above inner margin, 
above and below vein 2; two subterminal spots between veins 4 to 6 
and a smaller one on costa; a marginal spot between veins 3 and 4. 
Secondaries, a basal spot on costa, one in cell, and another below it; 
a large spot at end of cell followed by a fulvous crescent; four small 
spots from vein 4 to costa; a broader band from near inner margin to 
vein 7, cut by the black veins, followed by a darker irregular line, 
also cut by the veins, and a row of somewhat lunular spots; fringe 
white, spotted with brown at veins. Underneath, basal half of pri- 
maries whitish, crossed by a broad basal inner and median yellowish 
band partly bordered with dark brown; the outer half black, the spots 
as above, but larger and white; a pale marginal space from veins 2 to 
4; some lilacine and brownish mottlings at apex; a marginal fine wavy 
dark line. Secondaries whitish irrorated with fulvous; a wavy basal 
geminate inner and geminate outer fine reddish brown line; a brown 
patch beyond the latter on costa; a smaller brown patch beyond the 
cell; subterminal spots black between veins 2 and 5, otherwise reddish 
brown; a geminate marginal lunular line, partly shaded with llacine 
and light brown. 

Expanse.—Thirty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil. 

Allied to P. tileis Bates. 

Type.—No. 5887, U.S.N.M. 


PHYCIODES ORTICAS, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Primaries, a small pale spot near end of cell; a 
small oblique whitish band from above vein 4 to just above vein 6; a 
larger whitish spot at two-thirds from base from just below vein 2 to 
just above vein 3. Secondaries, a broad whitish transverse band from 
inner margin to vein 7, somewhat yellowish between 6 and 7, and on 
inner margin; a marginal fine: lunular grayish-brown line. Under- 


¢ 


moa 


= 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHAUS. 395 


neath, basal half of primaries reddish brown; the discal spot larger 
and partly edged with reddish brown; the oblique band reaching costa, 
and preceded by a broad black shade which borders the large spot 
above inner margin; the outer margin brown; a marginal fine darker 
line; some white at apex. Secondaries, the basal two-thirds whitish 
crossed by fine irregular brownish lines, partly geminate and filled in 
with lilacine; the outer third light brown; the subterminal points 
small, darker brown, followed by a fine lunular reddish-brown line 
and parallel to it a marginal grayish lunular line. 
Expanse.—Thirty-five millimeters, 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5888, U.S.N.M. 


PHYCIODES CARIGIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries, basal half rich brown with a basal and a 
geminate inner transverse wavy black line; an oblique ocherous spot 
at end of cell edged with black; outer half black with ocherous spots; 
a large spot at vein 3 extending slightly below vein 2; an oblique row 
of spots from costa to vein 4; a large subterminal spot above inner mar- 
gin, another slightly smaller between 4 and 5, and a fine curved spot 
on costa; an irregular marginal line, broken by veins, and enlarging 
between veins 3 and 4, obsolescent between 5 and 6. Secondaries, cell 
and below it rich brown; costa and outer margin black; a broad median 
ocherous band to vein 7; the inner margin brown irrorated with yel- 
low; an ocherous outer line from inner margin to vein 4; a marginal 
lunular ocherous line from anal angle to apex. Underneath the spots 
on primaries are yellowish white and larger; the outer margin dark 
reddish brown crossed by a fine dark line; some gray at apex; the basal 
half yellowish white witha large irregular annular mark; on the inner 
margin and between the large spots black. Secondaries, basal half 
whitish with large buff spots outlined with reddish brown; a median 
brown line followed by a small dark space on costa; a pinkish white 
space between veins 2 and 6; outer margin broadly gray mottled with 
fulvous; the extreme margin reddish brown; a darker geminate mar- 
ginal lunular line. 

Expanse.—Thirty-six millimeters. 

Habitat. —Colombia. 

Type.—No. 5889, U.S.N.M. 


ADELPHA GOYAMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; a terminal, marginal, and subter- 
minal darker line, all rather broad, and the subterminal geminate on 
secondaries. Primaries, four transverse darker lines in cell, and two 
below it; a median white band from inner margin to just above vein 


~ 


396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


2, surmounted by a large fulvous space outwardly limited by the sub- 
terminal, and becoming narrower above vein 5, from which point to 
costa near apex are three small fulvous spots. Secondaries, a broad 
median white band from costa to near anal angle; a fulvous spot at 
analangle. Underneath primaries, costa gray streaked with white and 
reddish at base; cell lilacine white at base with an upwardly oblique 
reddish streak from median vein; four reddish transverse lines, the 
space between the first two and last two grayish brown, between the 
second and third lilacine; the base below cell and a narrow space 
beyond it, grayish brown; the white median band extending to costal 
margin, but tinged with reddish brown above vein 3, outwardly lim- 
ited by a reddish brown line, which is followed on costa by a quadrate 
dark brown space, and then three whitish spots, and on inner margin 
by a dark grayish space to vein 2; the space between 2 and 5 whitish, 
tinged with reddish; a subterminal grayish line; the outer margin 
tinged with gray and whitish; a marginal reddish brown line; .the apex 
and extreme margin tinged with reddish brown. Secondaries, whitish 
gray at base; a basal reddish line from costa along inner margin; a 
geminate reddish inner line, coalescing at veins forming three elongated 
spots; the white median band broadly edged with reddish brown; the 
space beyond grayish brown, divided by a heavy reddish brown line, 
and limited by a darker gray line; the outer margin grayish white; 
a marginal and a terminal reddish brown line; two small black cres- 
cents surmounted by bright reddish brown near anal angle. 

Expanse.—Forty-three millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Allied to A. erotia; also in the collection of Godman from Para- 
ouay. 


Type.—No. 5890, U.S.N.M. 
ADELPHA BARNESIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings brown; terminal, marginal, and subterminal 
darker lines, the latter geminate on secondaries. Primaries, fine 
darker brown lines crossing the cell and one beyond it; the first line 
continued to submedian, the second line forming an 8 below the 
median; a white median band from inner margin to vein 3; a broad 
fulvous space above vein 3, excavated on its basal side at vein 4, and 
excavated anteriorly below vein 6, outwardly followed to costa by two 
minute fulvous spots. Secondaries, a broad white median band ter- 
minating above the anal angle, which is rather produced; a fulvous 
spot close to anal angle; underneath lilacine, the lines reddish brown. 
Primaries, an oblique streak at base of cell; four transverse lines 
forming two spots; a similar spot below the cell; the white median 
band as above; the fulvous replaced by a dull whitish space cut into 
spots by the reddish veins, followed on costa and inner margin by a 
violaceous brown space; the lilacine outer margin divided by a reddish 


i 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 397 


brown line. Secondaries, a streak at base, geminate and diverging 
below the cell; a geminate streak from vein 8 to median vein, forming 
an elongate spot; the white median band inwardly edged with reddish 
brown, outwardly with violaceous brown; the inner portion of sub- 
terminal broad, reddish brown, the outer portion fine, violaceous; the 
marginal line reddish brown; the terminal line black. 

Expanse.—F itty millimeters. 

FHabitat.—Bolivia. 

“Near A. plexaure Hiibner. 

Type.—No. 5891, U.S.N.M. 


CHLORIPPE LAURONA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Allied to C. laure Drury. The wings have the 
same dark violet gloss; the orange band of the primaries is broader 
and reaches the apex and outer half of costa. 

Female.—Primaries, the anterior and outer portion of the white 
band is edged with fulvous, and is outwardly surmounted above vein 4 
by a large fulvous space, which does not reach apex. 

Expanse.—Male, 56 millimeters; female, 65 millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5892, U.S.N.M. 


Family LYCA IND. 
ERY CININ Aa. 


EURYGONA CUCUTA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries dark brown; a large dark red space on inner 
margin extending slightly into cell and along vein 3, not reaching the 
outer margin; a short red streak at base of cell below subcostal. 
Secondaries dark red, the costal and the inner margins brown. Under- 
neath brownish gray; a reddish median line edged with black, curved 
near inner margin of secondaries; a narrow brownish subterminal 
shade. Secondaries, the outer margin light brown; a black spot out- 
wardly edged with white between veins 3 and 4; two yellowish streaks 
mottled with black and terminating in white spots below vein 2; a 
similar streak above anal angle; the extreme margin darker, ocherous 
below vein 2. 

Expanse.—Twenty-two millimeters. 

fHabitat.—Cucuta, Venezuela. 

Type.—No. 5893, U.S.N.M. 


EURYGONA MICAELA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark violaceous brown. Primaries, a large 
fulvous patch beyond the cell from vein 2 to above vein 4, not reach- 
ing outer margin. Underneath light brown; a median reddish brown 
line, shaded with black near costa of primaries, curved close to inner 


‘ 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


margin of secondaries, a larger subterminal shade, lunular on prima- 
ries, broken into spots on secondaries, containing two black points 
between veins 3 and 4; a faint dark outer shade. 

Expanse.—Thirty-two millimeters. 

Fabitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5894, U.S.N.M. 


EURYGONA RASONEA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings dark brown, the outer margin of primaries below 
vein 5 and the secondaries from below apex to vein 2 shot with dark 
metallic blue. Underneath light reddish brown. Primaries, a darker 
subterminal shade; an outer darker band edged with duller brown 
oblique from middle of costa to below vein 2. Secondaries, a darker _ 
outer band as on primaries, straight from costa to vein 4, then starting 
more outwardly, wavy, and curved to inner margin, followed by longi- 
tudinal reddish brown streaks between the veins; these streaks not 
reaching the outer margin and terminating in black points outwardly 
shaded with white; a marginal black spot between 3 and 4, outwardly 
shaded with white, inwardly with reddish brown; above this spot to 
apex the outer margin is broadly darker. 

Expanse.—Thirty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Cucuta, Venezuela. 

Allied to /. enoras Hewitson. 

Type.—No. 5895, U.S.N.M. 


EURYGONA TARINTA, new species. 


Diagnosis. —W ings dark brown; the outer half of primaries and che 
outer margin of secondaries narrowly shot with dark metallic blue. 
Underneath dull orange. Primaries, a straight darker outer line; a 
broad darker subterminal shade; the inner margin gray. Secondaries, 
the outer line of primaries forming a median line, straight, only curved 
close to inner margin; the outer margin broadly darker, forming 
streaks below vein 3, terminating in black points; a large black spot 
between veins 3 and 4, outwardly shaded with white, inwardly with 
ocherous; a black marginal point below vein 6 and another above it. 

Expanse.—Thirty-five millimeters. 

Habitat.—Colombia. 

Allied to #. eupiola Hewitson. 

Type.—No. 5896, U.S.N.M. 


MESOSEMIA MATHANIA, new species. 


Diagnesis.—Wings brown. Primaries, a large round black spot at 
end of cell containing a large and a smaller white point; the ocellus 
preceded and followed by two fine dark brown lines to inner margin; 
the two inner lines not reaching costa and preceded below the median 


NO, 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 399 


vein by a third line; a broad dark brown subterminal shading, slightly 
curved and widest on costa, followed by a blackish line somewhat 
interrupted by the veins. Secondaries, three much darker lines; a 
broader median shade containing a black discal point; three outer lines; 
a broad subterminal, followed by a blackish line as on primaries. 
Underneath paler, the markings similar, only the lines curve round 
and meet above the ocellus on the primaries; on the secondaries the 
marginal black line thickens between veins 2 and 3. 

Expanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—-No. 5897, U.S.N.M. 


MIESOSEMIA FRIBURGENSIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings dark blackish brown with still darker lines; a 
straight inner line, indistinct on secondaries, followed by a finer, paler 
line curving around the ocellus and returning to the inner margin of 
secondaries; the outer line heavily marked, distinct, nearly straight 
on both wings; the subterminal shade broad, especially on costa of 
primaries; a fine marginal line, interrupted by the veins; the ocellus 
black with a white point. Underneath paler; the inner and outer lines 
most distinct; the inner line more wavy than on the upper side; on 
primaries a dark median spot below vein 2; on secondaries a small 
geminate dark discal spot; the subterminal shade somewhat lunular 
and toothed. 

Expanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Allied to IZ. rhodia Godart. 

Type.—No. 5898, U.S.N.M. 


LYMNAS (?) PELTA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Body black; a transverse orange line on head: 
anal hairs orange. Wings violaceous black; greenish brown streaks 
between the veins. Primaries, a broad orange band from middle of 
costal margin to inner angle. Underneath black; the intervenal 
streaks lighter. Primaries, base of costa orange; the transverse band 
paler. Secondaries, a yellow spot at base; a small orange spot close 
to anal angle. 

Female.—The band on primaries much narrower. Secondaries, a 
marginal orange band outwardly edged with black. Underneath 
similar. 

Expanse.—Male, 35 millimeters; female, 37 millimeters. 

fabitat.—Nova Friburgo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5899, U.S.N.M. 


\ 


400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


SYMMACHIA EURINA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings orange red. Primaries, outer margin narrowly 
black; base finely black; base of costa finely black, widening and 
forming a broad streak which extends obliquely into cell to near lower 
angle, followed by a white space; beyond this to apex the costa is 
finely black and is joined by a thick black discocellular streak followed 
by a curved white line, and another short black streak from vein 5 to 
costa, and from this last a black streak extends above vein 6 to costa 
near apex, inclosing a small white spot on costa. Secondaries, the 
outer margin and anal third of inner margin black, broader than on 
primaries. Underneath the same. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Allied to S. rubina Bates. 

Type.—No. 5900, U.S.N.M. 


SYMMACHIA SATEMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings very dark olivaceous brown with still darker 
markings, all interrupted by the veins; marginal dark spots; a sub- 
terminal shade; the outer line incurved below cells, irregular; disco- 
cellular streaks; two inner lines and a basal line. Underneath similar, 
but somewhat paler. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Allied to S. temesa Hewitson. 

Type.—No. 5901, U.S.N.M. 


EUCORA, new genus. 


Diagnosis.—Female.—Primaries broad; costa convex toward apex; 
apex acute; discocellular inwardly curved; veins 3 and 4 well apart; 
4 from lower angle of cell; 5 from above middle of discocellular; 7 
and 8 stalked; 10, 11, 12 equally distant apart from before end of cell. 
Secondaries long; discocellular obliquely straight; veins 2, 3, and 4 
equally distant apart, 5 from near upper angle of cell; 6 and 7 from a 
point. 

Type of genus.—EHucora sanarita Schaus. 


EUCORA SANARITA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries black, irrorated with pale blue between the 
veins; a large white space at end of cell bordered on either side by a 
broad black band; beyond cell from veins 3 to 6 the intervenal spaces 
are also whitish; apex broadly, outer margin more narrowly black; a 
marginal geminate blue line, interrupted by veins, simple at apex, and 
preceded between veins 6 and 7 by a large white spot. Secondaries 
similar; the costal margin blackish; a marginal white spot between 


| No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 401 


5 and 6; the cell and space between veins + and 5 whitish; underneath 

more whitish, and less blue on margins. 
Expanse.—Forty-two millimeters. 
Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 
Type.—No. 5902, U.S.N.M. 


CHARIS INCOIDES, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings dark brown with blackish lines not 
reaching the costa; two inner lines, interrupted by veins and most 
noticeable in and below the cells; a dark discocellular streak on pri- 
maries; the outer line irregular; marginal dark points between the 
veins, and slight clusters of silvery scales near tips of veins; a terminal 
dark line; fringe paler brown; underneath light brown; the dark lines 
broken into spots; no metallic scales near margins; some white marks » 
on fringe. 

Female.—W ings lighter brown than in the male; the lines more 
distinct; the outer margin shaded with pale reddish brown, in which 
the dark spots are very distinct, the metallic scales forming streaks on 
tips of veins; underneath fawn-colored; the markings very distinct; 
traces of a subterminal darker shade; the white marks on fringe of 
primaries very distinct. 

Expanse.—Male, 17 millimeters; female, 18 millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5903, U.S.N.M. 


CHARIS DUKINFIELDIA, new species. 


Diagnosis. —Body black; collar and a lateral streak on abdomen dark 
orange red; wings, brownish black. Primaries, an oblique orange 
red band from costa across discocellular to median vein; another simi- 
lar band from costa, near apex, to outer margin above inner angle. 
Secondaries, an orange red subterminal band, widest near anal angle. 
Underneath similar, with traces of darker transverse shades. 

Expanse.—Twenty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5904, U.S.N.M. 


CHAMAELIMNAS JOVIANA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body black; collar yellow; wings black. Primaries a 
broad bright yellow streak from base through cell, angled above dis- 
cocellular, and extending to near outer margin between veins 3 and 4. 
Secondaries a broad bright yellow streak from base, chiefly below 
cell, to near outer margin between veins 4and 5. Underneath similar. 

Lxpanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 3 

fabitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5905, U.S.N.M. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 


bo 
for) 


402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 
CHAMAELIMNAS SIMILIS, new species. 


Diagnosis. —Body and primaries as in QO. joviana Schaus. Second- — 
aries black; a few yellow scales on median vein. | 
Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 
Habitat.—Peru. 
In a good series of both this and C. joviana I find no intermediate — 
forms, and therefore consider them distinct, though closely allied. | 
Type.—No. 5906, U.S.N.M. 


| 
| 
; 


MESENE STRIGULATA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body orange above, brown below. Wings orange, the 
margins and fringe narrowly black. Primaries, the costa broadly — 
brown; a short black discocellular streak, a black point beyond touch- — 
ing the brown costal margin. Underneath duller; the basal two-thirds — 
crossed by black lines and spots. 

Expanse.—Twenty-one millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Allied to JL. simplex Bates. 

Type.—No. 5907, U.S.N.M. 


MESENE MARTHA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body black; wings bright crimson, the outer margin 
and fringe broadly black. Primaries, the costal margin black extend- 
ing into cell on its basal half and reaching inner margin; a thick black — 
discocellular mark not reaching lower angle of cell. Underneath, 
primaries brownish black, the outer margin darkest; the inner margin 
yellowish streaked anteriorly with red; a white marginal spot between 
veins 3 and 4; a darker discocellular streak. Secondaries bright crim- 
son; outer margin black with two small white spots, one below vein 2, 
the other above vein 3; the base brown; the costal and inner margins 
finely brown. 

Lxpanse.—Twenty-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

A specimen which may belong here is of a duller red, the margins 
very narrowly black. Underneath the red streak on primaries above” 
the inner margin is broader and extends to cell at its lower angle; the 
body is crimson. 


Type.—No. 5908, U.S.N.M. 


BAEOTIS BACZENITA, new species. z 


Diagnosis.—Body black above; abdomen white below; a yellow 
lateral stripe. Wings blackish; a yellow basal line from subcostal on 
primaries to inner margin of secondaries; a broad median yellow space 
starting in a point at subcostal, widening at vein 3, then remaining 


wes 


as 


No, 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 403 


broad to the inner margin of secondaries, which is also yellow; a sub- 
terminal darker yellow line, not reaching costa of primaries, slightly 
interrupted at vein 2, preceded on secondaries near costal and inner 
margins by some silvery scales; a marginal silvery line; fringe brown 
divided by a darker line. Underneath the yellow markings are still 
broader and there are no silvery scales on lines. 

Expanse.—Twenty-one millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Allied to B. bacaenis Hewitson. 

Type.—No. 5909, U.S.N.M. 


CALYDNA ZEA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries, black ; a few bluish scales on outer 
margin; some transparent opalescent spots; a small one in middle of 
cell; a large quadrate spot at end of cell; a small spot beyond end of 
cell above vein 8, and another smaller one beyond it between veins 7 
and 8. Secondaries black; the outer margin broadly pale blue con- 
taining some small black spots. Underneath dark brownish gray; 
yellow streaks and spots on costa of both wings. Primaries, some 
black spots in cell and below it; the median space between cell and 
submedian shaded with dark red; an outer row of black spots partly 
shaded with dark red; subterminal smaller black spots partly shaded 
with white. Secondaries with black spots as on primaries, and reddish 
mottlings above the cell. 

Female.—Primaries, the small white spots as in the male; the large 
spot at end of cell smaller and irregular; wings dark brown; the costa 
with thick light red strive; inner, median, and outer irregular black 
bands edged with dark red; large subterminal dark red spots contain- 
ing black spots, somewhat confluent. Secondaries with the bands as 
on primaries; some minute transparent spots in cell, also one near base 
of inner margin, and another on costal margin beyond the outer band. 
Underneath similar but more brightly colored. 

Expanse.—Male, 25 millimeters; female, 22 millimeters. 

FTabitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5910, U.S.N.M. 


CARIA TABRENTHIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings brown, irrorated with metallic green séales. 
Primaries, a broad inner space devoid of green scales, and crossed by 
a darker line; a marginal metallic steel blue line interrupted by a red 
spot at apex, and followed by a dark brown line. Secondaries, a mar- 
ginal green line followed by dark points between the veins. Under- 
neath dark violaceous gray; a darker wavy outer line; some basal 
spots, and median line, geminate in cell of secondaries. Primaries, 


404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOL. XXIV, 


some silvery scales at base of costa, at apex, before apex, and in cell; 
a large silvery spot at end of cell. 
Expanse.—Twenty-one millimeters. 
LTabitat.—Peru. 
Type.—No. 5911, U.S.N.M. 


APODEMIA MULTIPLAGA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings above dark blackish brown; the fringe white 
with brown blotches; the spots white. Primaries, a small spot in cell 
followed by a large spot at end of cell; a small spot near base above 
submedian, and a large one below origin of vein 2; a large spot 
between veins 2 and 3; a small spot between 3 and 4; a row of five 
spots from costa to vein 4; marginal black points between the veins, 
preceded above vein + by small white spots. Secondaries, a smal! and 
a large spot in cell; two small spots below cell; a row of four small 
spots from costa to vein 4; small subterminal white spots and indistinct 
marginal whitish spots. Underneath, primaries dark gray; the spots 
as above, slightly larger; the cell and just below it bright ocherous; 
the outer margin whitish with intervenal black points. Secondaries, 
lilacine white; a median brown costal patch followed and preceded by 
a black spot; a broad subterminal dark gray shade spotted and streaked 
with black; marginal black spots shaded with white. 

Expanse.—Thirty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Rinconada, Mexico. 

A very distinct species. 

Type.—No. 5912, U.S.N.M. 


HAMEARIS DOVINA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Female.—Wings bright rufous brown. Primaries, a 
black spot at end of cell, preceded by a small dark brown spot in cell; 
some olivaceous shading at base of wings; a broad blackish band from 
costa angled beyond cell, narrowing and indistinct below vein 3, and fol- 
lowed above vein6 by a whitish spot; a blackish subterminal band, hardly 
visible below vein 2, and connected to the black outer margin by a 
black streak on veins, forming large marginal rufous brownspots. Sec- 
ondaries, a black median and apical patch on costa; small dark marginal 
spots between the veins; a terminal black line; tips of veins blackish. 
Underneath, primaries light rufous brown; the costa, apex, and outer 
margin grayish; three white spots in cell before discocellular, which 
is broad, divided by a rufous line and followed by another white spot; 
three white spots below the cell; an outer row of black spots and sub- 
terminal black spots below vein 4. Secondaries olivaceous gray; an 
inner white band interrupted by veins; an outer white band from costa 
to vein 4, irregular and indistinct from vein 4 to inner margin; sub- 
terminal paler, lunular. 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 405 


Expanse. —Thirty-four millimeters. 
Habitat.—Bolivia. 

Allied to 77. evostratus Doubleday. 
Type.—No. 5913, U.S.N.M. 


LEPRICORNIS TRISTIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body black; palpi orange; some orange laterally behind 
head. Primaries black, with grayish streaks in cell, below it, and 
below vein 3; an oblique transverse white band from below costa to 
vein 3, near outer margin. Secondaries black, with grayish streaks 
between the veins; underneath similar. 

Fxpanse.—Thirty-five millimeters. 

TTabitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5914, U.S.N.M. 


LEMONIAS MALCA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body black above, the abdomen posteriorly irrorated 
with white; underneath whitish. Primaries dark brown, with black- 
ish spots; two inner rows partly circled with buff; an irregular outer 
row. A discocellular spot; a marginal row of spots partly preceded 
and followed by a lilacine line. Secondaries, the basal third of inner 
margin, the cell, costal margin, and outer margin above vein 4 dark 
brown, otherwise white; the dark portion spotted as on primaries; the 
white portion with a terminal dark line; a dark point above vein 2, 
and another near anal angle. Underneath primaries light brown, all 
the spots circled with white except the outer row, which are velvety 
black. Secondaries white, shaded with lilacine gray at base and along 
costal margin; a few spots along costa and at apex. 

Lixpanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

LHTabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5915, U.S.N.M. 


ITHOMEIS LAURONIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body black; head spotted with white; a lateral red 
stripe on abdomen. Wings thinly scaled, grayish; the veins black. 
Primaries, costa, inner margin, and apical portion from beyond cell to 
inner angle brownish black; a dull reddish brown streak on costa at 
base; a similar streak from base above submedian vein to inner argle, 
then along outer margin and curving before apex to costal margin; 
between this and cell an oblique white band from costa to vein 3. 
Secondaries, the costa and outer margin brownish black, with a red- 
dish brown streak as on primaries. Underneath brighter; the reddish 
costal streak on primaries extending from base to oblique white band; 
the veins crossing black portion between cell and white oblique band 
also reddish. 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Expanse.—F¥orty-one millimeters. 
Habitat.—Peru. 

Allied to S. satellites Bates. 
Type.—No. 5916, U.S.N.M. 


‘ STALACHTIS SONTELLA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Head black spotted with white. Abdomen reddish 
brown; a sublateral black streak banded with white. Wings black. 
Primaries, basal third reddish brown, with a small white point in cell 
and another below it; a broad marginal reddish brown space from near 
costa to just below vein 2; the dark median space with a row of white 
points outwardly curved from costa, incurved below discocellular white 
point; large white spots on fringe. Secondaries, a small reddish brown 
space at base; a broad marginal space also reddish brown; a row of white 
points below vein 6 beyond cell; a white point in cell and two below 
it; some white points on black outer margin; white spots on fringe. 
Underneath the reddish brown is much extended, leaving the black 
median space quite narrow; the white spots are larger and more numer-_ 
ous; there is also a subterminal row of white points on the reddish 
portion. . 

Expanse.—Thirty-three millimeters. 

[Tabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. ; 

Type.—No. 5917, U.S.N.M. 


STALACHTIS STELLIDIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Head black streaked with white. Collar and a spot 
anteriorly on patagie reddish-brown. Abdomen reddish-brown; a 
sublateral black streak banded with white. Wings black; fringe black- 
with quadrate white spots; a few marginal whitish spots; a subtermi- 
nal reddish-brown band not quite reaching the costal and inner mar- 
gins, preceded by a curved irregular outer row of small white spots; 
two median white spots, and another nearer the base on both wings. 
Primaries, one-third of cell and costal margin from base, reddish- 
brown. Underneath primaries similar, but the white spots all much 
larger; two extra white spots in cell; a basal spot below median; two 
white dashes beyond discocellular; a row of small white spots on inner 
side of subterminal band. Secondaries with the cell reddish-brown; 
the spots as on primaries; some extra white spots on costa. 

Expanse.—Thirty-five millimeters. 

FHlabitat.—Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5918, U.S.N.M. 


B 
_ No. 1262, NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHAUS. 407 


LY CAININ 44. 
LYCAENA GRIQUA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings olivaceous gray; a small darker discocellular 
streak; outer margin darker showing indistinctly before it the markings 
of under surface; fringe whitish spotted with dark-gray. Underneath 
olivaceous buff; spots black edged with buff; a marginal dark-gray 
line; marginal small dark gray spots; subterminal spots more distinct 
on primaries. Primaries, a black spot at end of cell; an outer row of 
larger black spots. Secondaries, two small basal spots on inner mar- 
gin; a row of four black inner spots; a pale spot at end of cell; an 
outer row of seven black spots, the third from costa nearest the outer 
margin. 

Expanse.—Twenty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5919, U.S.N.M. - 


LYCAENA COGINA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries lilacine white, irrorated with black at 
base; costa, apex, and outer margin broadly grayish black. Second- 
aries lilacine white; the base irrorated with blackish scales; costa 
broadly dark gray; a terminal black line; dark marginal spots between 
the veins; subterminal triangular dark gray shades. Underneath, 
grayish white; a terminal dark line; dark marginal triangular spots. 
Primaries, a dark spot at end of cell; an outer row of dark gray spots. 
surrounded by purer white and followed by darker dashes between the 
veins; a subterminal row of dark junular spots. Secondaries, the 
spots circled with purer white; two dark gray spots on costa; three 
inner spots, one in cell, one below, and one on inner margin; a line at 
end of cell; an outer row of spots, very indistinct, followed by irreg- 
ular gray shades; the subterminal dark consisting of angular lines. 

Expanse.—Twenty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Lype.—No. 5920, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA GIAPOR, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body blue above, whitish below. Primaries, metallic 
blue in cell to brand and just above vein 2, and the space below base 
to near outer margin, otherwise black; the brand brown, followed by 
asmaller gray brand; fringe light reddish brown. Secondaries, metal- 
lic blue; the costa narrowly at base, and apex to below vein 6 black; 
the outer margin narrowly black; a single fine tail; fringe as on pri- 
maries. Underneath gray, palest beyond outer line; a tine dark dis- 
cocellular streak; the extreme margin light brown; a subterminal 
dark gray line, slightly wavy, interrupted by veins; base of fringe 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


reddish. Primaries, a slightly oblique dark brown outer line from — 


costa to vein 2, inwardly shaded with reddish secondaries; a fine dark 
inner line, interrupted, not reaching inner margin; the outer line dark 
red, nearly straight from costa to vein 4, then irregular and angled 
near inner margin; a red marginal point between veins 2 and 3; a 
small red anal spot and a reddish line shaded with black along inner 
margin to outer line. 

Lixpanse.—Twenty-six millimeters. 

Habitat. —Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5921, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA XOREMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries, dull metallic blue in cell posteriorly, 
and below it along vein 2 to near outer margin, otherwise black. 
Secondaries, dull metallic blue; the costa broadly, the outer margin 
narrowly blackish; a terminal deep black line. Underneath gray; a 
terminal black line; a subterminal row of dark gray spots between the 
veins; a dark discocellular streak; the outer line black, inwardly 
shaded with red. Primaries, the outer line wavy from costa to vein 5, 
then straight to vein 2. Secondaries, the outer line broken into spots, 
those above costa, between 4 and 5 and 2 and 3, placed more outwardly; 
-ared marginal spot with a black point between veins 2 and 3; some red 
scales at anal angle. 

Eixpanse.—-Twenty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5922, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA CARLA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Wings dark violaceous blue. Primaries, costa, 
apex broadly and outer margin black, the outer margin narrowly black. 
Underneath bright green; fringe reddish brown. Secondaries, a mar- 
ginal red point between veins 2 and 3; a faint irregular reddish outer 
line; fringe black and white at anal angle. Secondaries, evenly 
rounded without tails. 

Expanse.—Nineteen millimeters. 

FHabitat.—Colombia. 

Type.—No. 5923, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA NUGAR, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Primaries, a small oval light brown brand at end 
of cell anteriorly; wing dark brown. Secondaries, violaceous metallic 
blue; the costal margin very broadly dark brown; a terminal dark line; 
a red spot at anal angle; a white marginal line between vein 2 and 
anal spot. Underneath gray; a subterminal brownish shade; an outer 
brownish line outwardly shaded with white. Primaries, outer line from 


; 
§ 
@ 


ia 


No, 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 409 


costa to vein 2, more inwardly from vein 2 to submedian; brand visible 
through wing. Secondaries, the outer line placed more outwardly 
between 4 and 6, angled on submedian; a marginal red spot and black 
point between veins 2 and 3, and at anal angle; a terminal dark line 
inwardly shaded with whitish. 

Expanse.—Twenty-one millimeters. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type. —No. 5924, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA ATRANA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Wings brown. Secondaries, a broad marginal 
fulvous band from inner margin to vein 5. Underneath pale grayish 
brown; a terminal dark line. Primaries, three outer spots from veins 
2 to 5 brown, outwardly shaded with white. Secondaries, a black, 
partly lunular outer line outwardly edged with white, inwardly broadly 
shaded with vermilion red; subterminal, black, lunular, outwardly 
curved, inwardly shaded with white, and broadly followed by vermil- 
ion red reaching extreme margin at veins, leaving terminal brownish 
lunules, this extending from vein 5 to inner margin; a terminal black 
line. . 

Expanse.—Twenty-one millimeters. 

Tlabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5925, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA TALAMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings black. Secondaries faintly tinged with dark blue; 
a terminal white line below vein 4; a white spot on inner margin just 
above angle. Underneath, pale grayish brown; a dark discocellular 
streak, outwardly edged with buff. Primaries, astraight, dark brown, 
outer line from costa to vein 2, outwardly edged with whitish; a darker 
subterminal shade, inwardly shaded with buff. Secondaries, outer line 
dark red edged with black and then white, outwardly oblique from 
costa to vein 7, then straight to vein 4, inwardly dentate below vein 3, 
and below 2, outwardly dentate on submedian; subterminal shade 
darker brown, shaded with whitish from costa to vein 4, then black, 
close to outer line to inner margin, followed by red at anal angle, 
between 2 and 3 and close above 3; an anal black spot; a black space 
irrorated with white below vein 2; a black, marginal point between 2 
and 3; a terminal black line inwardly edged with white. 

Hupanse.—Seventeen millimeters. 

TTabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5926, U.S.N.M. 


410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


« 
THECLA NORMAHAL, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings brown. Primaries, the costa finely fulvous; lila- 
cine hairs on the inner margin. Secondaries, on inner half of inner 
margin lilacine white hairs; a terminal black line preceded by a lila- 
cine white line; fringe buff; a red spot at anal angle. Underneath, 
light grayish brown; a dark discocellular streak outwardly bordered 
with white; a dark terminal line. Primaries, a broad, straight, outer 
band from costa to vein 2, dark brown outwardly edged with black; a 
subterminal dark shade; marginal darker spots between the veins. 
Secondaries, an outer, dark brown band outwardly edged with black 
and then partly with white, irregular, placed more inwardly between 
veins 6 and 7, and 8 and 4, angled at vein 2, and on submedian; a black 
anal spot surrounded by orange and followed by a dark space irrorated 
with white; an orange marginal spot with a black point between veins 
2 and 3; a whitish, subterminal shade; gray marginal spots shaded 
with white above vein 3; terminal line inwardly edged with white. 

Expanse.—Twenty-one millimeters. 

Tlabitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5927, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA MALTA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Wings, above, brown. Secondaries, a terminal black 
line; a dark-red anal spot; wing somewhat angled at vein 6. Under- 
neath, pale olivaceous brown; a dark discocellular line outwardly 
edged with buff; fringe dark gray. Primaries, an outer blackish line 
outwardly edged with gray from costa to vein 2; a dark subterminal 
line from veins 2 to 4. Secondaries, the outer line fine, dark red 
outwardly edged with black, and then with white, straight from costa 
to vein 4, inwardly dentate between 2 and 3, inwardly curved below 
2, then straight to inner margin; the deep curve below vein 2 filled 
with dark red; subterminal line lunular, brown, from costa to vein 4, 
then black and close to outer line, outwardly shaded with red between 
veins 3 and 4, more deeply shaded with red between 2 and 3, and con- 
taining a black marginal spot; below 2 followed by a dark space irro- 
‘ated with white, and on inner margin shaded with red followed by a 
black anal spot; terminal line black preceded by a white line. 

Hixpanse.—Twenty-five millimeters. 

Hlabitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5928, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA VOMIBA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries, the cell and inner margin to just 
above submedian vein to near outer margin brilliant metallic blue; 
otherwise black; a darker shade at end of cell. Secondaries brilliant 


/ 
/ 
: 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 411 


metallic blue; the apex and outer margin narrowly black; fringe black 
at base, outwardly whitish. Underneath gray; a terminal darker line 
inwardly shaded with white; subterminal dark gray, lunular, shaded 
on either side with white. Primaries, the outer line dark brown, out- 
wardly shaded with white, wavy from below costa to vein 2, pre- 
ceded below 2 by a grayish line. Secondaries, an inner black line, 
inwardly bordered with white, outwardly with dark red interrupted 
above and below cell; the outer line black, inwardly bordered with 
red, outwardly with white, irregular, angled near inner margin; a red 
marginal spot with black point between veins 2 and 3; a black point 
with a few red scales, and a black line above it at anal angle. 

Expanse.—Twenty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5929, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA VIECA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries blackish gray, shaded with lilacine gray at 
base and on inner margin. Secondaries white, shaded with lilacine 
blue; the costal and outer margins blackish gray; a terminal darker 
line; fringe white. Underneath light brown. Primaries, a subter- 
minal broad, darker brown shade from costa to vein 2, outwardly 
lunular and shaded with white, followed by a straight whitish shade; 
inner margin whitish. Secondaries, .an outer irregular lunular white 
line; a white linule near base of costa; a broad median white shade 
from costa to cell posteriorly, and partly extending below vein 2; outer 
margin broadly whitish, leaving a lunular subterminal light brown 
line, and similar marginal spots between the veins; a small red spot 
and black point on subterminal between veins 2 and 3; an anal black 
spot surmounted with red. 

Expanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

Habitat.—Cucuta, Venezuela. 

Type.—No. 5930, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA RICKMANI, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries black, shaded along submedian vein 
with dark metallic blue. Secondaries dark metallic blue; the costa 
and outer margin narrowly black; a white spot on inner margin near 
anal angle; fringe terminally white. Underneath light olivaceous 
brown. Primaries, a fine black outer line outwardly shaded with buff 
from costa to vein 2; a subterminal dark shade, not reaching apex. 
Secondaries, a black outer line outwardly bordered with white, straight 
from vein 7 to 4, inwardly curved below 3 and below 2, upwardiy 
oblique from submedian to inner margin; a black subterminal lunular 
line, touching outer line at vein 2 and submedian, broadly shaded with 
red outwardly below vein 3 to inner margin, and slightly to just above 


oS PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


vein 3; the red very broad between veins 2 and 3; a black anal spot 
surmounted with white. 

Expanse.—Thirty millimeters. 

TTabitat.—Colombia. 

Type.—No. 5931, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA ZURKVITZI, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—W ings dark brown; a terminal black line. See- 
ondaries, a marginal white line, and a dark red spot at anal angle. 
Underneath, light brown; a terminal blackish line. Primaries reddish 
brown, outwardly black and then white, from costa slightly oblique 
to vein 2, below vein 2 placed more inwardly; a subterminal dark 
brown line interrupted by veins. Secondaries, the outer line brighter 
red, outwardly black and then white, straight between veins 4 and 7, 
above 7 placed more outwardly; below 4 starting more inwardly to 
vein 2, below 2 inwardly angled, and outwardly angled on submedian; 
a black spot surmounted by red at anal angle; subterminal dark brown 
shaded with white, lunular, broadly followed by red from veins 2 to 
3, forming a lunule filled in with biack; some red above vein 3. 

Lxpanse.—Twenty-five millimeters. 

Flabitat.—Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5932, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA EPOPEOIDES, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Female.—Primaries dyll metallic blue on inner margin 
and basal half, otherwise black. Secondaries dull metallic blue, the 
margins black; the outer margin only narrowly so. Underneath dark 
gray. Primaries, a white line from costal margin to vein 2 just beyond 
cell; a subterminal finer white line, slightly wavy, and curved from | 
costal to inner margin, and outwardly shaded with darker gray. Sec- 
ondaries, an outer white line nearly straight from vein 8 to vein 4 
then inwardly curved to vein 3, and deeply curved outwardly between 
veins 2 and 3; below vein 2 an inward curve and an outward angle 
before inner margin; the subterminal line fine, lunular between the 
veins, outwardly edged with black below vein 3, and followed by an 
orange spot between veins 2 and 3, containing outwardly a triangular 
black spot; a few orange and dark scales at anal angle; a terminal 
dark line inwardly shaded with whitish; some marginal whitish shades 
between the veins. 

Lixpanse.—Twenty millimeters. 

FHabitat.—Coatepec, Mexico. 

Near 7. epopea Hewitson. 
Type.—No. 5933, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHAUS. . 413 


THECLA CONOVERIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Primaries, costal margin very convex at base; 
black; dark metallic blue scales at base of cell; space below median 
and vein 2 to near outer margin dark metallic blue; a darker spot at 
end of cell, but not a brand. Secondaries dark metallic blue; costal 
and inner margin broadly black; outer margin finely black; some long 
black hairs below median and vein 2; tails tipped and margined with 
white; some white hairs on fringe at anal angle. Underneath gray. 
Primaries an oblique outer white line from costa to vein 2, inwardly 
shaded with dark gray; a subterminal white line, slightly curved 
below costa; broken somewhat between the veins, and outwardly shaded 
with dark gray; a terminal dark line and darker fringe. Secondaries, 
a white line at a third from base from vein 8 to median at vein 2; and 
outwardly shaded with darker gray; outer line white nearly straight 
to vein 3, broken on vein 2, and angled below it, inwardly shaded with 
dark gray; subterminal line white, outwardly shaded with dark gray, 
evenly curved to vein 3, interrupted by the veins; a black anal spot; 
some yellow and brown scales on a whitish space between veins 2 and 3; 
a dark space irrorated with white below vein 2. 

Lixpanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5934, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA CURTIRA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primar'ies, basal half dark violaceous blue; outer 
margin and apex black; a large oval black brand at end of cell. 
Secondaries dark violaceous blue; apex broadly, outer margin nar- 
rowly black. Underneath grey. Primaries; a blackish space at base 
below cell; a fine straight brown line beyond cell from veins 7 to 2, 
outwardly shaded with whitish; a submarginal fine brownish shade. 
Secondaries; a fine brownish line, outwardly shaded with white, broken 
at veins 7, 4, and 2; submarginal triangular brown spots shaded with 
white; an orange spot containing outwardly a small black spot between 
veins 2 and 3; a few orange and dark brown scales at anal angle. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Ayroa, Venezuela. 

Allied to 7. demea Hewitson and 7° lebena Hewitson. 

Type.—No. 5935, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA TELLA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Female.—Wings above blackish brown; some blue 
scales on secondaries below median and vein 2.. Underneath, primaries 
brownish gray; a reddish brown outer band from vein 7 to 2, out- 
wardly shaded with white; two brown spots below vein 2, placed more 


414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XX1V, 


inwardly; submarginal brown spots between the veins. Secondaries 
gray; an irregular brown outer line; large subterminal brown spots 
between the veins, partly bordered with Black scales; a terminal dark 
line; some black scales at anal angle. 

Hapanse.—Twenty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5936, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA CHALUMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Female.—Primaries, basal two-thirds dull violaceous 
blue, otherwise black. Secondaries dull violaceous blue; outer margin — 
black; a terminal velvety black line, preceded by a dull whitish shade; 
a single broad long tail. Underneath dull grayish brown. Primaries, 
a dark shade just beyond cell from costa, somewhat curved inwardly 
to vein 4, then straight to 2, partly shaded outwardly with white; a 
broad dark brown subterminal shade to vein 2, a submarginal brown 
shade interrupted by veins. Secondaries, a broad median dark brown 
shade, widest in cell, and containing some bluish white scales below 
vein 5, a narrower outer brown shade outwardly toothed on veins; a 
broad terminal brown shade irrogated with grayish scales toward anal 
angle; a black terminal line. 

Expanse.—Thirty-one millimeters. 

Habitat.—St. Catherina, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 59387, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA TAMINELLA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings above blackish brown; a terminal black line, 
preceded on secondaries by a fine whitish shade; an orange spot at 
anal angle. Underneath, base brown, followed by a broad creamy 
white band, outwardly angled below vein 2, and again followed by a 
broad brown space, limited by a white outer line which is straight on 
primaries, angular on secondaries below vein 4, where it is also 
inwardly shaded with black; outer magin broadly light brown; a sub- 
terminal dark brown line preceded by a broad whitish shade; a ter- 
minal black line preceded by a white line; an orange spot and some 
black scales between veins 2 and 3 on secondaries; a black anal spot, 
geminate and surmounted by orange scales. 

Expanse.—Twenty millimeters. 

Flabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Allied to 7. tabena Godman and Salvin. 

No; 5938, USSN.M: 


THECLA RANA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; fringe white outwardly, dark 
brown at base; a narrow light blue marginal space on secondaries 
from inner margin to vein 4, containing three dark round spots. 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHAUS. 415 


Underneath, dull gray. Primaries, an outer row of five black spots 
curved below costa, the lower two spots placed more inwardly; a sub- 
marginal brown shade, interrupted by the veins, and partly shaded 
with bronzy red; a terminal black line. Secondaries, a black spot 
above cell, another within it; discocellular partly finely black; an outer 
row of black spots, the costal spot largest, the spot between veins 6 
and 7 close to cell; the spots all inwardly shaded with reddish brown; 
a subterminal row of brownish spots followed by orange below vein 
4, broadly so on inner margin and between veins 2 and 3, where there 
is also a black spot; a black anal spot; a terminal black line preceded 
by a whitish line. 

Expanse.—Male, 17 millimeters; female, 20 millimeters. 

Tabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5939, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA MUATTINA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries grayish brown, shaded with dull lilacine blue 
in cell and below it; fringe orange. Secondaries dull lilacine blue; 
the outer margin and apex grayish brown; a terminal dark line pre- 
ceded by a whitish shade below vein 7; an orange spot at anal angle; 
a smaller orange spot between veins 2 and 3; fringe dark gray divided 
by a pale line. Underneath brownish gray. Primaries, an oblique 
white outer line from costa to vein 2, then forming a deep angle 
inwardly below vein 2; above vein 2 this line is inwardly shaded with 
dark gray; a faint subterminal fine dark line. Secondaries, an irregu- 
lar fine white outer line, angled twice below vein 3, inwardly shaded 
with dark gray; a fine whitish subterminal interrupted shade followed 
by a large red spot at anal angle and between veins 2 and 3, this latter 
containing outwardly a small black spot; a terminal dark line preceded 
by a white line. 

Expanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

fHabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Differs from 7. muatta Hewitson in the orange fringe on primaries 
and orange spot on secondaries. 

Type.—No. 5940, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA BINANGULA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries truncated at apex, excavated below 
vein 5. Secondaries prolonged and excavated between anal angle and 
vein 2. Primaries dark brown; a few scattered blue scales at base; a 
large darker space at end of cell. Secondaries pale blue; the costa 
broadly brown, the fringe brown at base, outwardly whitish; inner 
margin brown with long gray hairs; a black point and line below 
vein 3. Underneath grayish brown. Primaries, a brownish spotat 
end of cell inwardly and outwardly shaded with whitish; a broad 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


brown outer shade outwardly limited by a whitish line; outer margin 
brown mottled with gray at apex. Secondaries, a round brown spot 
towards base circled with whitish; a geminate outer whitish line pre- 
ceded by an angular white mark on costa and on inner margin; outer 
margin darker, shaded with reddish brown below vein 4. 

Expanse.—Nineteen millimeters. 

Halitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5941, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA BOLIMA, new species. 


DNiagnosis.— Male.—Shape similar to 7. binangula Schaus, but the 
primaries are somewhat more rounded. Primaries similar to 7. binan- 
gula. Secondaries similar, but with a terminal row of black spots 
between the veins below vein 7. Underneath brownish gray.  Pri- 
maries, discal spot and outer shade as in 7) bénangula; a subterminal 
fine brown line. Secondaries, alarge round spot above cell near base; 
amedian costal, a discal, and a spot on inner margin, brown, circled 
with whitish. An outer row of annular whitish spots filled in with 
brown, and somewhat coalescing; the outer margin olivaceous brown; 
a faint reddish brown spot at anal angle, and another between veins 2 
and 5. ‘The female has the blue on secondaries more confined to outer 
margin. 

Expanse.—Male, 23 millimeters; female, 27 millimeters. 

flabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5942, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA POLAMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries dark violaceous; the outer margin 
black for a width of 2 millimeters, the brand long divided by a 
curved violaceous line, the inner portion of brand lighter brown, the 
outer portion dark brown. Secondaries, dark violaceous, the outer 
margin black, widely so at apex; a terminal whitish line at anal angle; 
the fringe reddish brown. Underneath silky brown. Primaries, an 
irregular black streak from costa to vein 4 broken into spots by th 
veins just beyond cell; two black spots between veins 2 and 4 placea 
more outwardly; a curved subterminal brown shade somewhat lunular 
and slightly shaded inwardly with lilacine. Secondaries, a large black 
costal spot near base; an outer row of small black spots below vein 7, 
becoming a ftne interrupted black line below vein 4, outwardly shaded 
with white; the subterminal line, fine, black interrupted by the veins 
and inwardly shaded with whitish blue especially toward inner mar- 
gin; a black anal spot; a black spot between veins 2 and 3, the inter- 
mediate space irrorated with bluish white spots. Abdomen with a 
ventral golden line edged with black. Female, dull blue, the margins 
broadly brown black. Underneath duller than the male. 


. 
: 


~~ 


— se ee 


] 
ile, 


No, 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 417 


Expanse.—Male, 35 millimeters; female, 36 millimeters. 

FHabitat.—Petropolis, Castro, Brazil. 

Allied to Z. polibetes Cramer; differs in color, and spots on pri- 
maries below. 

Type.—No. 5948, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA FOYI, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries, black; the greater portion of cell, a 
line above it and the space below it to near outer margin, brilliant dark 
blue. Secondaries, brilliant dark blue, outer margin finely black; 
outer half of costa above vein 6, black; inner margin, grayish; some 
white scales at anal angle. Underneath, light grayish brown.  Pri- 
maries, a fine outer line from veins 2 to 7, whitish, inwardly shaded 
with brown. Secondaries, a fine white outer line interrupted at veins 
2, 4, and 7, inwardly shaded with brown, darkest toward inner margin; 
a faint whitish subterminal shade divided by fine brownish crescents; a 
small thick red crescent between veins 2 and 3, with a black spot out- 
wardly; a smaller red shade and a black spot at anal angle; a terminal 
brown line inwardly shaded with white below vein 4. Female wings 
dark brown. Primaries shot with blue on inner margin near base. 
Secondaries shot with metallic blue in and below cell to near outer 
margin. Underneath similar to male. 

Expanse.—Male, 27 millimeters; female, 25 millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5944, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA ARITIDES, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries, black; base of cell and below it 
obliquely to near inner angle bright cerulean blue; a brownish quad- 
rate brand at end of cell; fringe reddish. Secondaries, bright cerulean 
blue; the apex blackish, becoming narrow at vein 3; fringe brown, 
divided by a white line below vein 4; a subterminal dark broken line 
below vein 3. Underneath, silky reddish brown. Primaries, a disco- 
cellular pale-blue streak; a fine pale-blue outer line from costa to 
‘submedian vein. Secondaries, lines pale blue; a median line from 
-costa-to lower angle of cell; an outer straight line from veins 7 to 4, 
below it a fine W to inner margin; an interrupted subterminal line; a 
reddish brown space with a black spot between veins 2 and 3; some 
reddish brown below vein 2; a dark spot at anal angle surmounted by 
pale blue scales. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Merida, Venezuela. 

There is a specimen of this species in M. Godman’s collection 
labeled avatus, by Moritz. 

Type.—No. 5945, U.S.N.M. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 


27 


418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ VOL. XXIV. 


THECLA ECHINITA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Female.—W ings, dull bluish gray. Primaries, apex and 
outer margin blackish; fringe, buff. Secondaries, a terminal white 
line preceded by blackish triangular spots; fringe black at base, out- 
~ wardly white. Underneath, gray. Primaries, a reddish brown outer 
curved band outwardly shaded with white, fine and inwardly angled 
below vein 2; a subterminal dull brownish shade interrupted by the 
veins; the costa finely, and base of fringe reddish brown. Secondaries, 
an irregular outer brown band, outwardly shaded with white; the sub- 
terminal dull brown, lunular, outwardly shaded with reddish brown 
below vein 6, more thickly so between veins 2 and 3 and there fol- 
lowed by a black point; a black streak at anal angle; a fine terminal 
brown line; fringe, white. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—No. 5946, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA GUADALA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries, metallic steel blue; the apex broadly 
black; a somewhat oval black brand at the end of cell; fringe, light 
brown. Secondaries, metallic steel blue, the costa narrowly black; 
the outer margin finely black; fringe, grayish; a white line and a red 
spot atanal angle. Underneath, dark gray. Primaries, a white outer 
line inwardly shaded with dark gray, very indistinct and inwardly 
angled below vein 2; a darker gray subterminal line interrupted hy 
the veins. Secondaries, the outer line as on primaries, nearly straight, 
curved near inner margin and broken at vein 2; the subterminal darker 
gray, inwardly shaded with bluish white, interrupted by a round red 
spot below vein 3, this spot inwardly limited by a black crescent, out- 
wardly by a black point; anal angle red, with two black spots and 
some bluish white irrorations; a terminal dark brown line preceded 
by white below vein 4. 

Female.—Primaries black, the basal third bluish gray. Second- 
aries, bluish gray; the outer margin narrowly, the costal margin 
broadly black; a terminal black line preceded by white below vein 4; 
a black marginal spot between veins 3 and 4; a red spot at anal angle. 
Underneath, similar to the male. 

Yepanse.—Male, 30 millimeters; female, 28 millimeters. 

Habitat.— Guadalajara, Mexico. 

Allied to 7. brescia Hewitson. 

Type.—No. 5947, U.S.N.M. 


— 


fyi; pay 


a Oe EF ae ee + 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 419 


THECLA TIGONIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Primaries, brownish black; a large deep black 
spot at end of cell; a pale-blue streak below cell, and a broader blue 
space on inner margin, divided by the submedian vein. Secondaries, 
brown-black irrorated with pale blue in cell, and below it to outer 
margin; also marginal blue spots between veins 5 and 7; subterminal 
black spots on the blue from anal angle to vein 6, followed between 
veins 2 and 3 by a large red spot. Underneath, brownish gray. 
Primaries, an outer line of contiguous red spots outwardly shaded 
with black and then with white from costa to vein 2; a subterminal 
dull-brownish shade slightly mottled with white. Secondaries, a red 
spot above cell, and another within it at a third from base, both shaded 
inwardly with white; an irregular outer row of red spots, outwardly 
shaded with black and white as on the primaries; subterminal lunular 
white shades; a red spot between veins 2 and 3, and another at anal 
angle, both followed by a black spot; a terminal brown line preceded 
by a white line. Female, wings dark brown. Secondaries, a small 
red spot at anal angle; a large red spot containing a black spot out- 
wardly between veins 2 and 3; some small bluish white marginal spots. 
Underneath, like the male; the red spot in cell of secondaries smaller. 

Expanse.—Male, 30 millimeters; female, 32 millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Allied to 7. ziba Hewitson. 

Type.—No. 5948, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA ILLEX, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—A \arge black brand at end of cell, followed by 
a brown brand beyond cell. Primaries, metallic blue; from middle of 
costal margin to inner margin near angle the apical portion is black. 
Secondaries, metallic blue; the costal margin broadly black; the outer 
margin narrowly black; the inner margin grayish; a red spot at anal 
angle; tip of tail white. Underneath, brown. Primaries, a faint sub- 
terminal darker line; a fine outer line, blue-white, slightly curved out- 
wardly between veins 4 and 6, and not extending below vein 3. Sec- 
ondaries, amedian blue-white line somewhat curved inwardly on costal 
margin, then obliquely curved to vein 6 and irregular between the 
veins to inner margin close above the subterminal shade, which is 
blackish brown, inwardly shaded with white and interrupted by the 
veins, and including a red spot at anal angle, and between veins 
2 and 3; anal angle, black; fringe, blackish, preceded by a whitish 


-erescent between veins 2 and 3. 


Expanse.—Thirty-three millimeters. 
[abitat.—Colombia. 
Type.—No. 5949, U.S.N.M. 


420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


THECLA HOSTIS, new species. 


Diagnosis. —Male.—Primaries, a brown brand at end of cell; a gray 
brand beyond it, separated and encircled by blue; the costa above cell 
and brands, the apex and outer margin black, otherwise dark metallic 
blue. Secondaries dark metallic blue; the costal margin black; the 
outer margin finely black; the fringe black, terminally white. Under- 
neath brownish gray. Primaries, a curved whitish outer line, inwardly 
edged with darker gray from veins 7 to 2; faint subterminal darker 
shades between the veins Secondaries, an outer line, slightly irregular, 
cut by the veins, white, inwardly edged with dark gray; subterminal 
dark-gray crescents between the veins, shaded with white and inter- 
rupted between veins 2 and 3 by a large red spot containing a black 
point outwardly; a terminal white line below vein 5; fringe dark 
brown at base, terminally white; a black spot at anal angle. 

- Kxpanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 

Habiiat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Allied to 7. tephreus Hubner. 

Type.—No. 5950, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA GENTILLA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings dark bluish gray, without any metallic 
shading; the outer margins finely blackish. Underneath, light grayish 
brown; whitish discocellular streaks. Primaries, a fine darker outer 
line, straight from costa to vein 2, outwardly shaded with whitish. 
Secondaries, a terminal black line inwardly shaded with white below 
3; the outer line blackish, outwardly shaded with white, inwardly 
oblique from costa to vein 7, then straight to vein 4, inwardly curved 
below 3, and below vein 2, angled before inner margin; the two 
lunules filled in with black, which is irrorated with red in the lunule 
below vein 2, and is also followed by a black space thickly irrorated 
with white; the lunule below vein 3 is followed by a large black spot 
containing a red lunule; some black and white at anal angle. 

EHxpanse.—Twenty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5951, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA GUZANTA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—No brands; wings darkish brown; fringe still 
darker at base, terminally grayer. Secondaries, a red spot at anal 
angle; also some long white hairs. Underneath lighter brown; a pale 
discocellular streak. Primaries, a dark outer line shaded inwardly 
with red, outwardly with white, straight from costa to vein 4, then 
bent in slightly and straight to vein 2; a fine dark subterminal line. 
Sevondaries, the outer line much more heavily shaded with red, nearly 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHAUS. 491 


straight to vein 4, broken, starting from the red shade on vein 4, 
oblique to vein 2, then forming a wide W to inner margin; the sub- 
terminal black, somewhat lunular, outwardly shaded with red, which 
thickens between veins 2 and 3, and at anal angle, in both places fol- 
lowed by a black spot. There is a dark marginal space below vein 2 
irrorated with white. The female is similar; the red on Secondaries 
below not quite so bright. 

Expanse.—Twenty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—No. 5952, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA FOSTERA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Female.—Primaries, brown, thinly irrorated with light 
blue on basal half of inner margin; extreme costa orange on basal 
third; fringe gray, whitish at inner angle. Secondaries, light blue; the 
costal margin broadly brown; three red marginal spots between vein 3 
and inner margin; black marginal points above vein 3 on blue portion; 
a terminal dark line; fringe grayish. Underneath, light gray; a ter- 
minal red line, and fine red discocellular streak. Primaries, an outer 
line of red spots from costa to vein 2, the spot between veins 3 and 4 
placed more inwardly; a fine dark gray subterminal line. Second- 
aries, a red spot in cell and one above it; an outer row of large red 
spots, forming a broken W at inner margin; a large red spot at anal 
angle; another with a black point between 2 and 3, and a smaller spot 
above vein 3; a darker gray broken subterminal line; an orange spot 
on head; abdomen banded with pale blue. 

Expanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 
Habitat.—Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil. 
Type.—No. 5953, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA FARMINA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Female.—Primaries, metallic blue, the costa, apex, and 
outer margin black. Secondaries, metallic blue, the fringe long, black, 
divided by a pale line. Underneath, dark gray; a terminal dark line 
inwardly shaded with white; a broad subterminal whitish and brown 
shade. Primaries, an outer dark red line outwardly shaded with black 
and then white from costa to submedium vein. Secondaries, a medium 
dark red line broken into spots, outwardly edged with black and then 
with white; the spot from 4 to 6 placed more outwardly; below it, 
from nearer cell, the line curved and angled before inner margin. A 
dark-red spot at anal angle and on margin between veins 2 and 3, both 
followed by a black spot. 

Expanse.—Sixteen millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5954, U.S.N.M. 


499 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


THECLA LANCKENA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings, above, blackish gray. Secondaries, a reddish 
spot at anal angle; a terminal black line preceded by a white line below 
vein 3. Underneath light brown, base of fringe darker. Primaries, 
costal edge finely orange at base; a black outer line from costa to vein 
2, divided by a dark-red line; a fine subterminal brown shade curved 
below apex. Secondaries, a broad bright red outer band, widening 
outwardly, on costa and between veins 4 and 6, angled near inner 
margin, outwardly shaded with black and then with white; a subter- 
minal brownish shade; some marginal red scales above and below vein 
3, and also above and below the submedian; a large black spot at anal 
angle, a smaller one between veins 2 and 3. 

Expanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 

THabitat.—Peru. 

Allied to 7: bagrada Hewitson. 

Type.—No. 5955, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA CHILICA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Primaries blackish; the cell, and below it 
obliquely to near inner angle metallic blue; a large round black brand 
beyond the cell. Secondaries, metallic blue; the costal and inner mar- 
gins grayish; a marginal white line at anal angle. Underneath 
whitish. Primaries, a dark discocellular streak; a wavy oblique 
brown outer line from costa to submedian; a subterminal lunular 
brown line from costa to vein 2. Secondaries, a fine discocellular | 
streak; a reddish brown median line almost broken into spots and 
forming a W before inner margin, outwardly shaded with black; the 
subterminal, as on primaries, followed by an ochreous and black spot 
between veins 2 and 3; some marginal faint brownish shadings, and a 
terminal fine brown line on both wings. 

Expanse.—Nineteen millimeters. 

Habitat. —Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5956, U.S.N.M. 


THECLA HUMBER, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Female.-—W ings metallic blue. Primaries, costa above 
cell and vein 4, also outer margin, black. Secondaries, costal margin 
and apex black; outer margin otherwise narrowly black; a small red 
spot and black point at anal angle. Underneath light brownish gray. 
Primaries, an oblique white outer line, finely wavy, from below costa 
to vein 2; a whitish subterminal shade; a whitish marginal shade. 
Secondaries, the subterminal and marginal shades as on primaries, the 
former interrupted by a red and orange spot, between veins 2 and 3, 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 493 


containing a black point; an outer white line inwardly shaded with 
dark gray, straight from costa to vein 4, then irregular, forming a W 
to inner margin; a small red spot at anal angle. 

Expanse.—Twenty-three millimeters. 

Habitat. —Cucuta, Venezuela. 

Allied to 7. keila Hewitson. 

Type.—No. 5957, U.S.N.M. 


Family PAPILIONID. 
PIFRIN A. 


LEODONTA MARGINATA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries white; the outer half of costa, the apical 
portion and outer margin broadly black, the black extending into the 
cell; some black at base; an outer oblique row of five small white 
spots from costa to above vein 2; two small subapical white spots. 
Secondaries white; the outer margin broadly black; a yellow shade 
and two yellow spots in cell; a row of elongated yellow spots in 
interspaces surrounding cell; white spots on extreme outer margin. 
Underneath, primaries similar; the white spots larger and tinged 
with yellow on costa; outer margin above vein 4 light brown, streaked 
with black between the veins; a yellowish white spot on costa at apex 
eut by vein 8. Secondaries light brown; the veins black; a crimson 
streak on costa at base; a crimson spot above cell at base; a yellow 
spot in upper part of middle of cell; a white spot shaded with yellow 
at lower angle of cell; some blackish scales between the two spots in 
cell; a medium row of large white spots each containing a yellow 
streak; the costal spot reaching the crimson basal spot; these spots 
limited by a dentate dark-brown line spotted with black on the outer 
angles; broad, terminal streaks between the veins, black, irrorated 
with yellow, forming also a subterminal point on each streak; some 
white at apex and on margin between veins 5 and 6, 

Expanse.—¥ifty-two millimeters. 

Tabitat.—Merida, Venezuela. 

A specimen is also in the British Museum. 

Type.—No. 5958, U.S.N.M. 


PIERIS SUBLINEATA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries white; a small black spot on discocellular; 
the apex broadly black; a marginal triangular black spot at vein 4; 
a smaller one at vein 3, and a black point at vein 2. Secondaries 
white; the tips of veins finely black; fringe black at anal angle. 
Underneath, primaries white; the discal spot black, larger, preceded by 
a black dash; the apex broadly dark brown; tips of veins 2, 3, and 4 
shaded with dark brown. Secondaries yellow; veins black; a terminal 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


brown line; costa finely brown; an orange streak at base; an orange 
spot at base of wing; a dark brown streak from base along vein 7 to 
apex; an interrupted curved outer brown shade, forming indistinct 
spots. 

Kxpanse.—Seventy-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

A specimen is also in the British Museum. 

Type.—No. 5959, U.S.N.M. 


PAPILIONIN 4. 


PAPILIO SOCAMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Body black; lateral red spots on thorax, and 
abdomen below; also a red line on last segment of abdomen below. 
Primaries black; fringe partly white between the veins. Secondaries 
crenulate, black, the inner margin with fold containing buff hairs; 
fringe white between the veins; a subterminal row of six small red 


spots between the veins. Underneath the same, the red spot at anal 


angle close to margin. 
Expanse.—Kighty-two millimeters. 
Habitat.— Bolivia. 
Type.—No. 5960, U.S.N.M. 


Family HESPERIIDZ. 


JEMADIA PAULENSIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Head black, spotted with pale blue. Collar black, spot- 
ted with white; thorax black; two inner blue streaks; two whitish outer 
streaks. Abdomen black, banded with white interrupted subdorsally. 
Primaries black, tinged with purple; some blue spots at base; a broad 
median hyaline white band from subcostal to near submedian, tapering 
at either end; below it a pale-blue streak above and another below the 
submedian; an oblique subapical hyaline line from costa to vein 5, 
divided into four spots; a subterminal interrupted line not reaching 
apex. Secondaries violaceous black; the inner margin shaded with 
blue and preceded by a whitish streak; a shorter broader white streak 
across base of cell; a broad subterminal blue band widest on costa, 
fringe white, spotted with black at ends of veins. Underneath, pri- 
maries with a white costal streak above median band; some blue scales 
at end of cell; lower portion of hyaline spot opaque, white; subter- 
minal as above. Secondaries a blue streak on inner margin; a trans- 
verse basal and an inner blue streak; a median biue streak not reaching 
costa, or inner margin; the subterminal band as above. 

EKxpanse.—Sixty-three millimeters. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5961, U.S.N.M. 


2 
¢ 
& 


re 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 495 


JEMADIA BREVIPENNIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Head and collar black; a pale point at base of antenne. 
Thorax black, streaked with green. Abdomen black, banded with 
greenish white, interrupted subdorsally. Primaries black; some green 
scales and white hairs at base; an- inner transverse green line below 
subcostal; a broad median hyaline white band cut by median and vein 
2; below this a green streak above and another below the submedian; a 
large hyaline white outer spot from veins 3 to 5, cut by vein 4; a broad 
subapical hyaline spot above vein 4, cut by veins into four parts; a 
subterminal green shade from submedian to vein 5. Secondaries 
black; some white hairs at base; a greenish streak on inner margin and 
another close to it; a transverse green spot at end of cell; a broad sub 
terminal green shade not reaching costa, interrupted by the veins and 
tapering toward anal angle. Underneath, primaries black, the spots 
and subterminal line as above; some greenish streaks at base; some 
green scales above outer spot; a green streak on outer half of inner 
margin. Secondaries black, with green markings; a streak on inner 
margin; a basal and an inner transverse streak; a median streak across 
end of cell not reaching costal or inner margins; a broad subterminal 
band, widest on costa. Fringe brown, at anal angle fringe white, 
spotted with brown. The secondaries are unusually short. 

Expanse.—F ifty-five millimeters. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5962, U.S.N.M. 


EUDAMUS CALLICINA, new species. 


Diaqnosis.— Female.—Wings brown; some olivaceous yellow hairs 
at base and along the inner margin of secondaries. Primaries, spots 


whitish, semihyaline; a spot in cell, one between 2 and 3, anda smaller 


one below vein 2; these three spots outwardly concave; a smaller spot 


between 3 and 4; a small oblique outer streak above vein 4; three 


small spots below costa before apex; fringe brown. Secondaries with 
faint traces of an inner and an outer darker line; fringe white; tails 
rather long. Underneath, primaries brown, the inner margin paler; 
awhitish streak from discal spot to costal margin. Secondavies brown, 
tinged with violaceous; a darker curved inner line broken into spots; 
the outer band curved, not extending below vein 2. 

Expanse.—Forty-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—Honduras. 

Closely allied to Z. callias Mabille. 

Type.—No. 5963, U.S.N.M. 


426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


EUDAMUS JANITA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings brown; fringe fawn-color, spotted with brown. 
Primaries, spots semihyaline whitish; a median costal streak; a large 
spot in cell, and one between veins 2 and 3, both contracted in their 
middle; a very small spot below vein 2; a spot between veins 3 and 4 
placed more outwardly; a very oblique row of four small spots below 
costa before apex. Secondaries with olivaceous brown hairs. Under- 
neath, primaries brown, the inner margin paler; the space beyond 
discal spot to apex thickly irrorated with gray. Secondaries, lilacine 
gray, striated with brown; a brown spot above cell near base; a broad 
median brown band and a narrower brown wavy outer band. 

Expanse.—Thirty-eight millimeters. 

Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5964, U.S.N.M. 


EUDAMUS PITHYS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; fringe butf, spotted with black. 
Primaries, some buff scales at base of costa; spots semibhyaline, yel- 
lowish white; an oblique row from middle of costa toward inner angle; 
a spot above and one below subcostal vein; a quadrate spot outwardly 
concave below vein 3; a smaller, posteriorly round spot just below 
vein 2; more outwardly a large spot from 3 to +, above which a small 
spot between 4 and 5, and a fine linear spot between 5 and 6; a quad- 
rate larger spot from 6 to 7, and three elongated spots above 7, more 
inwardly. Secondaries, tails long, blackish. Underneath, primaries 
lighter brown; the spots as above surrounded by blackish shades; a 
lilacine brown space beyond cell between 3 and 7; outer margin darker; 
subterminal lilacine brown lunular spots, paler on costa near apex. 
Secondaries, lilacine brown, markings blackish brown, finely edged 
with a paler lilacine brown shade; an irregular basal band; a median 
irregular band; an irregular outer band from vein 7 to submedian, 
broken into spots between 3 and 6, followed by a small buff space 
between 3 and 4, and a paler broader lilacine space below vein 2; mar- 
ginal dark shade, becoming broader below vein 3; tail entirely black- 
ish brown. 

Hixpanse.—¥ orty-tive millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5965, U.S.N.M. 


THYMELE SUBVIRESCENS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Palpi red; the third joint black. Head red; some black 
around the eyes. Collar and abdomen blue black, the anus and last 
three segments below red. Wings blue black. Primaries, fringe 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 497 


x 


brown above vein 3, whitish below vein 3. Secondaries, fringe yel- 
low. Underneath olivaceous with black veins. Primaries, lower part 
of cell and inner margin to vein 3 blue black. Secondaries, a broad 
blue black space from base to anal angle, not extending below the 
submedian. 
Expanse.—Forty-three millimeters. 
Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 
Type.—No. 5966, U.S.N.M. : 


THYMELE GRENADENSIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings brown, with darker transverse bands.  Pri- 
maries, a median and an outer band, the latter incurved below end of 
cell. Secondaries, some lighter brown hairs; the median band visible 
on costa only; the outer band distinct. Underneath similar; the 
secondaries with the median band distinct; alsosome yellowish irrora- 

tions at base between the bands, near the inner margin, and along the 
outer margin. 

Expanse.—Forty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.— Grenada, British West (ndies. 


Type.—No. 5967, U.S.N.M. 
TELEGONUS JANEIRA, new species. 
Diagnosis.—Body dull blue green. Primaries blue black, shaded 


with green at base and along inner margin. ~ An oblique row of white 
hyaline spots from middle of costa; the costal spot very small; a large 
quadrate spot in cell; a larger spot between veins 2 and 3, surmounted 
by a small spot between 3 and 4 close to cell; a spot below vein 2, 
close to outer margin. Secondaries blue green; the costal margin 
broadly black; the outer margin narrowly black. Underneath, pri- 
maries blackish; a subterminal gray band; the spot below vein 2 
shaded with white below and on either side. Secondaries blackish 
brown, irrorated thinly with yellow scales, forming a median spot 
below vein 2; the outer margin broadly grayish except at apex. 

Expanse.—¥ orty-nine millimeters. 

Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5968, U.S.N.M. 


TELEGONUS HURGA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Head, collar, and thorax green; abdomen brown, shaded 
with green at base. Palpi brighter green with yellow hairs at base. 
Wings brown, shaded with green at base; a faint outer darker shade 
on secondaries. Underneath somewhat lighter brown; the base of 


428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. | VOoU.xxiv. 


costal margins bright metallic blue green; the inner margin of pri- 
maries yellowish white; on secondaries a darker outer shade, outwardly 
edged with yellowish. 

Eixpanse.—¥orty-one millimeters. 

Habitat. —Peru. | 

Type.—No. 5969, U.S.N.M. 


NASCUS’*ORIMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings brown. Primaries with semitransparent spots; 
three small spots below costa before apex, yellowish; a large quadrate 
yellowish spot in cell from subcostal to median at vein 3; a larger spot 
below it between veins 2 and 3 and a small one between 3 and 4, 
inclosing a minute triangular brown space; a spot below vein 2; the 
last three spots more ochreous. Secondaries with light olivaceous 
brown hairs, except on costal and outer margins; a darker median and 
outer line. Underneath duller brown. Primaries, a yellowish spot 
on costa surmounting the diskal spot; secondaries with a small gemi- 
nate yellowish spot below vein 2, outwardly on outer dark band. 

Expanse.—¥orty-one millimeters. 

Habitat.—-Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5970, U.S.N.M. 


NASCUS ORITA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings dark brown, with paler olivaceous brown hairs 
at base. Primaries, a median yellowish spot on costa, followed by an 
oblique white semitransparent band to below vein 2 toward inner angle, 
cut by veins into four parts and inclosing a small brown spot at cell 
above vein 2; three small subapical white spots from costa. Secondaries 
produced into a short, blunt, curved tail, above which the fringe is white 


| 


7 
| 
q 


— 


spotted with dark brown at veins 2, 3, and 4. Primaries below with 


the median costal spot white; the apex thinly irrorated with whitish 
scales. Secondaries below, an indistinct darker inner and outer shade; 
an irregular subterminal white spot below vein 2. 

Expanse.—Thirty-eight millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5971, U.S.N.M. 


TELEMIADES MEGALLOIDES, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—W ings dark brown, thinly irrorated with ochre- 


ous hairs; a median and an outer darker wavy shade. Primaries, © 


some small transparent spots; two at end of cell; a geminate spot 
between veins 2 and 3; one above vein 3 placed more outwardly; three 
subapical spots, the middle one farthest from apex. Underneath simi- 
lar, somewhat paler, and the lines broken into spots. 

Female. 
Underneath, the basal half of secondaries grayish yellow. 


Lighter brown, the lines forming more distinct spots. — 


NO, 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 429 


_ _Exepanse.—Males, 34 millimeters; females, 39 millimeters. 
Habitat.—Peru. 
Allied to 7. megallus Mabille. 
Type.—No. 5972, U.S.N.M. 


CECROPTERUS OCHRILINEA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown, the fringe grayish. Primaries, a 
broad dark yellow oblique band from middle of costa to submedian 
near inner angle; a narrow oblique line of four small whitish spots 
from costa before apex. Underneath, primaries lighter brown; the 
apex dark reddish brown to vein 5, below which the outer margin is 
tinged with lilacine; a grayish streak on costa beyond median yellow 
band. Secondaries, the costal margin light brown; a large round dark 
brown basal spot limited by a steel gray line; the median space between 
veins 7 and § steel gray, containing a small brown spot toward base, 
the median space otherwise to near inner margin reddish brown limited 

by a black outer line above vein 2, and which is mottled with steel 
gray above vein 5; below vein 2 the reddish brown extends toward 
anal angle, and is interrupted by a grayish triangular space on inner 
margin; apex dark brown; outer margin between veins 2 and 5 tinged 
with lilacine; fringe at anal angle black. 

Expanse.—Thirty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Allied to C. evelinda Butler. 

Type.—No. 5973, U.S.N.M. 


GRAIUS CHORICUS, new species. 


_ Diagnosis.—Female.—Wings dark brown, somewhat tinged with 
violaceous; the outer margin darker; median and outer darker shades 
somewhat macular. Primaries, three hyaline white points below costa 
before apex. Underneath duller; the anal half of secondaries thickly 

—irrorated with lilacine scales, on which the outer row of darker brown 
spots are conspicuous. 

Expanse.—Forty-six millimeters. 
Habitat. —Paso de San Juan, Mexico. 
© Type.—No. 5974, U.S.N.M. 


: LIGNYOSTOLA CYDANA, new species. 


_ Secondaries thickly covered with light ochreous brown hairs except at 


; Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown. Primaries, the basal third fulvous. 


apex, and on costal margin. Underneath lighter brown; the base of 
_ wings and inner margin of secondaries tinged with greenish yellow. 
Expanse.—F orty-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5975, U.S.N.M. 


430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. — . vou.xxtv. 


PELLICIA BIPUNCTA, new species. 


Diagnosis..—Wings dark brown, with still darker shadings. Pri- 
maries, inner, median and outer shades suffusing except on costa; the 
outer shade containing two minute hyaline white spots below costa; a 
marginal dentate darker line broken by the veins. Secondaries, the 
shades narrower and not suffusing; the inner shade absent; the mar- 
ginal line as on primaries. Underneath, lighter brown. Primaries, 
the inner margin still paler; some ochreous brown at apex; an outer 
and a marginal darker line. Secondaries, the median line partly 
geminate; the outer and marginal line wavy. 

Expanse. —Twenty-nine millimeters. 

Tabitat.—Petropolis, Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Allied to P. macareus Herrich—-Schaeffer; the lines are not so wavy, 
and there are only two hyaline costal spots. 

Type.—No. 5976, U.S.N.M. 


PELLICIA VECINA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries, dark grayish brown, the marking dark 
brown; an inner band; a median shade to vein 2, outwardly angled; 
an outer shade angled beyond cell; a marginal shade. Secondaries, — 
dark brown; the costal and inner margins paler. Underneath, pri- 
maries, dark brown, the inner margin pale. Secondaries, the costal 
half of wing dark brown; the anal half whitish gray; traces of darker — 


median, outer and marginal lines. The upper surface is very similar — 


to P. costimacula Herrich—Schaeffer, but the secondaries below are 
quite distinct. 

Eixpanse.—Thirty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5977, U.S.N.M. 


PELLICIA CAPITANS, new species. 


Diagnosis. —Head and collar brilliant metallic green, as in Gorgopas — 
viridiceps Butler and Druce. Wings, basal half dark velvety brown; 
outer half light brown, with a dark marginal shade. Primaries, an 
oblique outer shade below costa, containing three hyaline white points. 
Secondaries, a narrow, dark, outer shade. Underneath, light brown 
with traces of darker lines. 

Expanse. —Twenty-seven millimeters. 

THabitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—No. 5978, U.S.N.M. 


CYCLOSEMIA TRIGONILLA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings light brown, the veins darker; a terminal dark 
line. Primaries, the ocellus at end of cell black, containing a white 
point and circled with buff; an outer dark-brown line cut by the veins, 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 431 


oblique from costa and angled between veins 5 and 6; marginal dark 
spots between the veins. Secondaries, an outer dark line; dark trian- 
gular marginal spots, darkest towards anal angle, which the spots do 
not reach. Underneath, similar but paler. 

Expanse.—Thirty millimeters. 

Flabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5979, U.S.N.M. 


EUDAMIDAS OBSCURIOR, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male—Darker and browner than /. melander Cramer. 
Primaries without the median spot in cell; the subterminal shade is 
darker and not dentate as in /. melander. The same remark applies 
to the secondaries. 

Expanse.—¥orty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5980, U.S.N.M. 


GORGYTHION BEGGOIDES, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries grayish brown, the markings blackish brown; 


a basal, and a fine inner line not so dark; a median row of spots suf- 


fusing below cell with the outer row, which consists of large elongated 
spots between the veins, smaller and forming a curve just below costa; 
a marginal row of spots suffusing towards apex; no hyaline spots. 
Secondaries light-brown, almost entirely occupied by the darker mark- 
ings; a narrow basal shade; the median shade suffusing with outer 
shade below cell; the outer shade broad, irregular; larger marginal 
spots inwardly rounded. Underneath, primaries dark brown; some 


white shades on costa and at inner angle. Secondaries, dark brown; 


the inner margin and anal space broadly white; a white spot in cell; a 
white streak at end of cell; marginal and subterminal white mottlings. 
Expanse.—F¥ ifteen millimeters. 
fHabitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. 
Type.—No. 5981, U.S.N.M. 


GORGYTHION MARGINATA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Similar to G. pyralina Hoptter, except that the sec- 
ondaries have the outer margin broadly blackish brown. 

Expanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 

fTabitat.—Peru. 

Described from two specimens. 

Type.—No. 5982, U.S.N.M. 


ANISOCHOSIA SUBPICTA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown. Primaries, the outer margin 
darker; some paler subterminal spots toward apex; three hyaline 
white outer spots below costa. Underneath, primaries dark brown; a 


432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


large buff space at apex and at inner angle, the former with some 


dark-gray spots; outer margin from veins 2 to 5 tinged with olivace- 
ous; the fringe olivaceous, spotted with dark brown. Secondaries 
mottled buff and olivaceous irrorated with dark striz; a pale median 
line terminating in cell in a silvery spot; a black spot just below 
origin of vein 2. < 

Expanse.—Thirty-three millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5983, U.S.N.M. 

STAPHYLUS SCORAMUS, new species. 

Diagnosis.—Shape of S. ascalaphus Staudinger. Wings of a 
brighter shade without any darker markings; a few yellow irrora- 
tions; a subterminal row of small indistinct greenish yellow spots; a 
similar median shade and inner line. Primaries, two minute hyaline 


spots below costa before apex. Underneath similar, but duller, the 


subterminal spots larger and more distinct on secondaries; a paler spot 
in cell, and another at end of cell. Palpi dark gray. 
Hixpanse.—Twenty-six millimeters. 
Habitat.—Peru. 
Described from six specimens. 
Type.—No. 5984, U.S.N.M. 


STAPHYLUS ANGINUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Shape and markings similar to S. ascalaphus Staud- 
inger. Underneath dark brown; ate anal half of secondaries thickly 
irrorated with gray, and a white streak at end of cell. 3 

Expanse.—Twenty-one millimeters. 

fabitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5985, U.S.N.M. 


STAPHYLUS MINOR, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Shape of S. ascalaphus Staudinger. Wings dull ~ 


brown, thinly irrorated with yellowish gray scales; no hyaline spots. 
Inner, median, and subterminal indistinct grayish lines, cut by the 
veins into spots. Underneath lighter brown, irrorated with yellow-— 
ish gray scales on costal margin and apex of primaries, and at base, 
on inner margin and anal angle of secondaries. 

Kxpanse.—Nineteen millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5986, U.S.N.M. 


STAPHYLUS TADUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Secondaries more evenly crenulate than in &. ascalaphus 


Staudinger. No hyaline spots; wings dark. brown, thinly irrorated 


with pale yellow scales; small median and subterminal grayish spots, 


: 


MRT BP) KARE AD AE 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 4338 


very indistinct. Underneath similar, but duller; a grayish discocel- 
lular streak on secondaries; the spots more distinct than on upper 
surface. 

Expanse.—Twenty-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5987, U.S.N.M. 


STAPHYLUS TERRENS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark grayish brown with darker brown mark- 
ings. Primaries, a basal shade; a broad median space from median 
vein to inner margin surmounted by a spot in cell, and outwardly suf- 
fusing with a broad outer band, somewhat oblique and curved below 
costa; a fine subterminal line; large marginal spots suffusing towards 
apex. Secondaries, a spot in cell; a broad outer band; large marginal 
spots. Underneath, dark brown. Primaries, a faint grayish sub- 
terminal shade. Secondaries, inner margin and anal half of wing 
grayish, crossed by a subterminal brown shade; a gray discocellular 
streak. 

Expanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 

TTabitat.—V enezuela. 

Type.—No.,5988, U.S.N.M. 


STAPHYLUS ALICUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brownish gray, the markings blackish 
brown. Primaries, a broad median and outer transverse band, a basal 
space, and small marginal spots all dark. Secondaries similar; the 
basal space suffusing with the median band. Underneath, primaries 
dark brown; the inner margin paler; the outer margin tinged with 
violaceous. Secondaries violaceous brown, with darker brown mark- 
ings as on upper surface. 

“panse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Southeast Brazil. 

The margin of wings rounded. 

Type.—No. 5989, U.S.N.M. 


STAPHYLUS SUBAPICATUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Head and palpi mottled brown and yellow hairs. 
Wings dark brown, irrorated at base with light brown hairs, the 
markings still darker; the median shade somewhat oblique from costa 
toward inner space; the outer shade slightly curved below costa con- 
sisting of elongated spots; similar marginal spots. Secondaries, a 
dark spot in cell; median and outer shades narrower, suffused below 
costa; the marginal spots more irregular. Underneath, primaries 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01-—28 


434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


dark brown, costa, outer margin below vein 4, and a subapical space 
grayish; this space evenly curved before apex, leaving the apex dark 
brown. Secondaries as above, slightly paler. 

tupanse.—Thirty-six millimeters. 

TTabitat.—Songolica, Mexico. 

Type.—No. 5990, U.S.N.M. 


HELIOPETES PURGIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings white. Primaries, apical portion from just 
beyond middle of costal margin obliquely to cell, beyond cell, and 
irregularly to inner angle black; a subterminal row of white spots, 
oblique from costa to vein 5, then parallel to outer margin; a marginal 
row of smaller white spots; an outer white spot between veins 3 and 
4; fringe dark gray. Secondaries, veins partly black; a terminal 
black line; marginal black ]unules; a subterminal black line, irregular, 
and interrupted between veins + and 6. Base of wings and inner 
margin of secondaries irrorated with black. Fringe white spotted 
with black. Underneath, primaries white, the markings pale grayish 
buff; a black discocellular streak. Secondaries yellowish white; the 
veins dark gray; the markings pale grayish buff; the subterminal 
darker and broader than above; a median transverse dark gray band, 
irregular and nearer base in cell; inner margin broadly whitish without 
markings. 

Expanse.—Thirty millimeters. 

[Tabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5991, U.S.N.M. 


HELIOPETES SUBLINEA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings white, irrorated with black at base; outer mar- 
gin narrowly black; marginal white spots; fringe white, spotted, with 
black; a subterminal dark-gray shade partly suffusing with marginal 
black borders. Primaries, a black discocellular line; a black costal 
spot above end of cell; veins beyond cell from + to costa black; some 
subapical white spots. Underneath white. Primaries, markings dark 


gray; alarge costal spot at apex; marginal and subterminal lunular. 


lines below vein 4; discocellular and spot above as on upper surface; 
veins 4 to 6, black for half their length. Secondaries, outer margin 
broadly olivaceous gray; a dark spot at apex, and darker marginal 
shade below vein 4; a broad transverse inner band, olivaceous gray, 
from costa to below vein 2. 

Expanse.—Thirty-three millimeters. 

Habitat. —Orizaba, Paso de San.Juan, Mexico. 

Type.—No. 5992, U.S.N.M. 


peed GO beer 


a ee 


ern <s 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHAUS. 435 


CHIOMARA MARTHONA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body, brown; base of abdomen and palpi below, grayish. 
Primaries, base light brown, followed by a lilacine shade, next to which 
is a velvety black spot below cell; a dark-velvety brown irregular 
median band, shaded on either side with brown, darker than basal 
color, and irrorated with lilacine scales; an outer lilacine gray band 
edged with dark-velvety brown, curved beyond cell and joining 
median shade on inner margin; the brown edging forming spots most 
conspicuous below costa, on inner side of outer band; the space 
between median and outer bands light brown above vein 2; outer 
margin brown; a dark brown subterminal shade preceded by a paler 
shade; a terminal darker line. Secondaries, dark brown; a darker 
subterminal broad shade. Underneath, brown, the outer margins 
paler; some white on costa at apexof primaries; a terminal dark line; 
a silvery line on base of fringe. 

Hcpanse.—Vhirty-four millimeters. 

[Tabitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5998, U.S.N.M. 


THANAOS AUSTERUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—_Wings dark brown. Primaries, markings formed by 
dark-grayish irrorations not very pronounced; a few scales forming a 
median line; a cluster at end of cell, followed by the outer band, 
which is curved around the cell; the outer margin broadly dark gray- 
ish, interrupted by a subterminal dark line; a terminal brown line; 
base of fringe, gray; the grayish markings more or less limited by 
five brown lines darker than ground color. Secondaries, dark brown, 
the outer margin paler, interrupted by a dark-brown subterminal 
line and a terminal line. Underneath, lighter brown. Primaries, an 
interrupted outer row of buff spots; some clusters of grayish scales 
along outer margin; base of fringe, buff. Secondaries, as above. 

Expanse.—Thirty-six millimeters. 

Labitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 5994, U.S.N.M. 


BUTLERIA ARPIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body, brown above, pale-yellow below. Wings, dark- 
brown above. Primaries, a large bright-yellow spot at end of cell 
from subcostal to below vein 2. Secondaries, fringe light gray; a 
large bright-yellow spot in disk. Underneath, primaries black; the 
apex and outer margin pale yellow; the base of costa pale yellow; the 
median spot duller, extending to submedian vein; fringe blackish. 
Secondaries, pale-yellow; fringe yellow at base, outwardly gray. 

Expanse.—Twenty-five millimeters. 

TTabitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5995, U.S.N.M. 


436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


ATRYTONE URQUA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings olivaceous brown; a terminal black line; fringe 
g g ; 3 
grayish. Primaries, a small round whitish spot between veins 3 and 
4. Underneath, somewhat paler. Primaries, another minute spot 
between veins 6 and 7; a gray streak on outer margin below vein 2. 
Secondaries, a faintly paler outer curved band; a dark-gray shade from 
base close to inner margin. 

Expanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

HTabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

} ”) 
Type.—No. 5996, U.S.N.M. 


ATRYTONE PARANENSIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown. Primaries, a faintly paler shade 
about end of cell, and a similar subapical transverse streak. Seconda- 
ries, a black spot at end of cell. Underneath, primaries lighter 
brown; the apex broadly grayish; a yellowish gray shade below vein 
2 on outer margin; some indistinct paler oblique spots from veins 2 
to 5. Secondaries, ight gray; a velvety black spot at end of cell; a 
similar spot below vein 2; a broad light brown space from base to 
anal angle; from veins 2 to 6 a subterminal dark line; a terminal dark 
shade. ’ 

Kxpanse.—Thirty-one millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5997, U.S.N.M. 


ATRYTONE BRASINA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings above dark brown; fringe terminally grayish; 
some olivaceous yellow hairs on secondaries. Primaries, a small 
quadrate hyaline spot between veins 2 and 3; a smaller spot above 
vein 3; three minute spots between vein 6 and costa before apex. 
Underneath, primaries paler, the costa and apex tinged with reddish 
brown; a whitish space below vein 2 at inner angle. Secondaries, 
light brown, irrorated with reddish brown; the base and costa very 
thickly so; a broad median dark-brown shade, not reaching extreme 
costa, curved and connected with a dark streak on inner margin from 
base to near anal angle. 

Expanse.—Twenty-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5998, U.S.N.M. 


THYMELICYUS BAHIENSIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dull brown; markings fulvous brown.  Pri- 
maries, the cell fulvous brown; a streak at base of costa; shorter 
streaks above end of cell; three outer spots between veins 6 to 9; 


NO. 1262. + NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 437 


two small subterminal spots between + and 6; some shadings beyond 
the brand between submedian and vein 4. Secondaries, the disk 
shaded with fulvous brown cut by the veins. Underneath, similar, 
the fulvous brown duller. 

Expanse.—Twenty-three millimeters. 

Habitat. —Bahia, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 5999, U.S.N.M. 


AUGIADES CHALCONE, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.— Brand, oblique from vein 3 to submedian. 
Wings brown; fringe light gray. Primaries, base, cell, and costa to 
outer spots irrorated with ocherous hairs; a small yellow spot in cell 
above vein 3; an outer row of small dark-yellow spots, obtusely 
angled between 4 and 6 and forming a continuous shade from vein 3 
along brand to submedian vein. Secondaries, olivaceous hairs on 
basal half; a faint-yellow spot.in cell; another row of dark-yellow spots 
from vein 2 to 7. Underneath olivaceous ocherous; a fine terminal 
dark line. Primaries, below cell and along inner margin, black; the 
spots duller, the one between 5 and 6 obsolescent, those below 3 and 2 
much broader. Secondaries, a small dull-yellowish spot in cell; the 
outer row of spots smaller than above and indistinct. Female, wings 
brown. Primaries, the spots semihyaline white; a small spot in cell; 
three small outer spots below costa; two between 4 and 6; the spot 
below 4 inwardly oblique from vein 3; the spot between 2 and 3 larger, 
inwardly angled, outwardly concave; a small spot at middle of sub- 
median. Secondaries, some olivaceous hairs; an outer row of narrow 
yellowish spots. Underneath, dull olivaceous brown. Primaries, the 
costal margin with ocherous hairs; the inner margin and below cell 
blackish; the spot above submedian much larger, whitish yellow. 
Secondaries, an outer row of narrow indistinct paler spots. 

Expanse.—Male, 30 millimeters; female, 35 millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6000, U.S.N.M. 


AUGIADES ANITA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Brand broad, black, oblique from vein 3 to submedian. 
Wings brown. Primaries, costal margin narrowly dark ocherous with 
subapical similar irrorations; a small yellow outer spot above vein 6; 
some irrorations below cell; clivaceous hairs on inner margin; brand 
followed bya broad ocherous shade to vein 4. Secondaries, olivaceous 
hairs at base; an ocherous band just below cell from veins 7 to 2 fol- 
lowed by ocherous irrorations. Underneath olive green. Primaries, 
the lower part of cell, below it, and vein 3 blackish, crossed by a broad 


438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXIV. 


pale-ocherous shade from vein 4 to middle of submedian. Seconda- 
ries, a broad white outer band from vein 7 to below vein 2. 
Kixpanse.—Thirty millimeters. 
Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 
Type.—No. 6001, U.S.N.M. 


AUGIADES TANIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Brand, asin A. anita. Head and thorax greenish. 
Wings above as in an7ta, but also a small yellow spot in cell at vein 3; 
the ocherous shade beyond cell narrow. Underneath, primaries as in 
A. anita; also a small yellow spot in cell; the yellow shade does not 
reach submedian vein. Secondaries olive green; a small, white spot 
at lower angle of cell; a narrow indistinct paler outer line on which is 
a white point between veins 3 and 4, and a larger white spot below 
vein 2. 

Expanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6002, U.S.N.M. 


AUGIADES TURBIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Brand, as in A. anita and A. tania. Wings, 
brown. Primaries, the basal half of costa narrowly ocherous; the brand 
followed by an ocherous shade forming spots above vein 3; the spots 
between 4 and 6 small, near outer margin; three spots between vein 6 
and costa; asmall ocherous spot in cell. Secondaries olivaceous hairs 
on base; small subterminal yellow spots between veins 3 and 6. 
Underneath ocherous brown. Primaries, the spots as on upper sur- 
face; some black at base. Secondaries a minute yellowish spot at end 
of cell; a curved outer row of small yellowish spots from veins 2 to 7. 

Expanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 

Tlabitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6003, U.S.N.M. 


AUGIADES(?) ALIGULA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Brand black, edged with velvety black, oblique 
from vein 3 to submedian. Wings bright fulvous, the veins black; 
some blackish shades at base. Primaries, the outer margin broadly 
black; a quadrate space beyond cell between veins + and 6 to near 
outer margin, leaving simply two small fulvous spots; from middle to 
end of cell, the subcostal vein more broadly black; fringe olivaceous, 
at inner angle fulvous. Secondaries, the outer margin broadly black, 
more narrowly at anal angle; costa, black, more broadly so on basal 
half than on outer half; olivaceous shadings on inner margin; fringe 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 439 


-fulyous. Underneath ocherous. Primaries, inner margin and an 
oblique space below cell black; discocellular and veins 2 and 3, black; 
broad black subterminal spots below vein 3; a fine terminal grayish 
line; a curved subterminal row of pale-yellow spots below costa. Sec- 
ondaries, a faint trace of an outer paler band from near apex to vein 2. 

Female.—W ings, brown, irrorated thinly with fulvous hairs; the 
markings fulvous. Primaries, a spot in cell at vein 3; an outer curved 
row of spots; three small spots between vein 6 and costa; two small 
spots nearer outer margin between 4 and 6; three larger spots between 
vein 4 and inner margin. Secondaries, a small spot in cell; an outer 
row of elongated yellow spots between the veins. Underneath duller 
than the male, the outer spots more distinct. 

Expanse.—Thirty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

The brand cut by vein 2. 

Type.—No. 6004, U.S.N.M. 


PRENES DIDUCA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; fringe, terminally, lilacine gray. 
Primaries, a minute yellowish spot between veins 6 and 7. Under- 
neath lighter brown. Primaries, the apex tinged with lilacine; the 
spot as above. Secondaries, tinged with lilacine; a minute yellowish 
spot near end of cell, and an outer curved row of simiiar spots, the 
largest spot below vein 2. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6005, U.S.N.M. 


NICONIADES MERENDULA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Head and thorax greenish. Wings brown, fringe darker. 
Primaries, a yellow spot resting on submedian just beyond brand; other 
spots hyaline whitish; three outer spots below costa; a large spot 
across cell above vein 3, inwardly contracted at its middle; a large 
quadrate spot between 2 and 3; a smaller spot beyond from 3 to 4. 
Secondaries, some greenish hairs at base; a small round yellow spot in 
cell; four small subterminal whitish spots between veins 2 and 7. 
Underneath lighter brown. Primaries, darker at base; the spot above 
the submedian larger, white. Secondaries, the spots as above, those 
near outer margin more hyaline. 

Expanse.—Thirty-one millimeters. 

Hlabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Near WV. merenda Mabille. 

Type.—No. 6006. U.S.N.M. 


440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


PHEMIADES JAMAICENSIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries, bright fulvous; from cell to apex and outer 
margin broadly blackish brown; fringe, near inner angle, fulvous; a 
large blackish brown spot toward base from subcostal vein to below 
vein 2; the fulvous extending into the dark portion above vein 3, 
forming a few short outer streaks above vein 4. Secondaries, bright 
fulvous; the outer and costal margins broadly black; the black extend- 
ing from costal margin to vein 4 at end of cell; fringe fulvous. Under- 
neath primaries, the costal margin, apex, and outer margin reddish 
brown; a broad subterminal darker shade, becoming black above inner 
angle; a large black basal space below subcostal vein; a large black 
spot beyond end of cell. Secondaries, dark reddish brown, paler on 


outer half; a yellow discal spot; an elongated triangular black spot — 


above anal angle. 
“xpanse.—Forty-three millimeters. 
Habitat.—Jamaica, British West Indies. 
Type.—No. 6007, U.S.N.M. 


COBALUS FORTIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings dark brown; fringe, terminally, whitish. 
Primaries, greenish hairs on inner margin; a cluster of yellow scales 
above middle of submedian vein; spots semihyaline, whitish yellow; 
a transverse spot in cell contracted at its middle; a large spot between 
veins 2 and 8; a smaller spot between 3 and 4; three small outer spots 
below costa. Secondaries, some greenish hairs in and below cell; two 
outer semihyaline spots between veins 2 and 4. Underneath brown, 
irrorated with greenish yellow scales on secondaries, also on costa and 
apex of primaries. Primaries, base darker; spots as above; a large 
whitish dash below vein 2. Secondaries, the two spots as above; palpi 
and fore coxe greenish yellow; abdomen with two central rows of 
yellowish white spots. 

EKxpanse.—Vhirty-nine millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6008, U.S.N.M. 


COBALUS RASTACA, new species. 


Digqnosis.—Female.—Winegs light brown; fringe grayish brown. 
Primaries, spots semihyaline whitish; a minute spot in cell close to 
vein 8; a small spot between 2 and 3; a smaller round spot between 
3 and 4. Underneath light brown. Primaries, spots the same; an 
outer curved row of five small black spots from veins 4 to 9, the middle 
spot containing a few white hairs. Secondaries, a blackish lunular 


streak at end of cell; an outer row of four black spots above vein 2; 


a | 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 44] 


the spots above vein 2 and vein 3 with distinct white centers; the spot 
above 4 with only a few whitish scales; the spots above vein 6 very 
small, entirely black. 

Expanse.—Thirty-eight millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6009, U.S.N.M. 


COBALUS ARITA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown. Primaries, an oblique white hya- 
line spot from veins 2 to 3; a smaller round spot between 3 and 4; a 
minute spot between 6 and 7. Underneath, not quite so dark. Pri- 
maries, base of costa tinged with reddish brown; a pale subterminal 
spot above submedian vein. Secondaries, tinged with violaceous; : 
minute yellowish spot near end of cell; a subterminal row of five sim- 
ilar spots above vein 2... Abdomen, below, whitish. 

LExpanse.—Twenty-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. 

Type.—No. 6010, U.S.N.M. 


EUTYCHIDE ASTIGA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Wings brown. Primaries darker on the inner 
margin; a small olive spot between*veins 2 and 3, and another above 
vein 3 more outwardly. Underneath, primaries with the costal mar- 
gin, apex broadly, and outer margin narrowly olivaceous brown, other- 
wise black; secondaries olivaceous brown; a small black spot between 
veins 2 and 3, and another between 4 and 5, close to cell, followed by 
some slightly paler shades. 

Expanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

FTabitat.—Castro, Parana; Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6011, U.S.N.M. 


EUTYCHIDE PETROVNA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings dark brown; fringe grayish brown. Underneath 
dark brown, thinly irrorated with grayish scales. 

Lixpanse.—TVhirty millimeters. 

fHTabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Easily recognized by the position of the brands. ' 

Type.—No. 6012, U.S.N.M. . 


1 These brands consist of a blackish thickening along vein 1 from center to near 
base, and on both sides of vein 2 at its base, outward about one-fifth its length. 
They are thus horizontal and parallel; not strongly defined. The same structure is 
indicated in FL. astiga Schaus, but weakly and supplemented by a faint dot of blackish 
on the submedian fold. In E. asema Mabille, an oblique shade joins all these ele- 
ments producing the usual oblique brand.—Harrison G. Dyar. 


4492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


EUTYCHIDE BARNESI, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Thorax tinged with dark green. Wings dark browa, 
tinged with violaceous. Primaries, some white hairs on basal half of 
inner margin; spots semihyaline, white; a large quadrate spot between 
veins 2 and 3; a smaller spot near outer margin between 3 and 4; a 
very small spot below costa, subterminally. Secondaries, fringe at 
anal angle white; a white spot beyond cell between veins 2 and 4, cut 
by vein 3, the upper portion longer than the lower portion. Under- 
neath, duller. Primaries, the apex tinged with lilacine gray; some 
subterminal dark spots between the veins. Secondaries lilacine brown; 
a dark basal shade; a broad shade from apex to the dark shade along 
the inner margin; marginal dark spots between the veins. 

Expanse.—Thirty millimeters. 

Habitat—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6013, U.S.N.M. 


THOON LUGENS, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—W ings dark brown; the fringe paler. Prima- 
ries, the brand black. Underneath, primaries reddish brown, the 
inner margin paler. Secondaries, violaceous brown except the inner 
margin; a minute spot in cell, and some outer similar spots above vein 
2, lighter brown like the inner margin. 

Exxpanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

flabitat. Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6014, U.S.N.M. 


RHINTHON BOMASX, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—W ings dark brown. Primaries, a narrow trans- 
verse semibhyaline white spot from 2 to 3; a small round hyaline spot 
between 3 and 4. Underneath, dark brown tinged ,with violaceous. 
Primaries, the inner angle and outer margin lighter brown. Second- 
aries, a small yellow spot at end of cell; a yellow outer point between 
3 and 4. 

Expanse.—Thirty-six millimeters. 

Tabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6015, U.S.N.M. 


RHINTHON TANARIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—W ings dark brown. Primaries, a hyaline point 
between 3 and4. Underneath, dark brown. Primaries, outer margin 
and apex broadly lighter brown; the spot as above; a transverse pale 
streak between 2 and 3. Secondaries shaded with violaceous above 
median and vein 2. 


NO. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHAUS. 443 


Expanse.—Thirty-six millimeters. 
Habitat.—Tijueca, Brazil. 
Type.—No. 6016, U.S.N.M. 


EUROTO ETELKA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; fringe terminally grayish. Pri- 
maries, small semihyaline white spots; one beyond brand between 2 
and 3; one beyond, between 3 and 4; three outer spots below apex. 
Underneath brown. Primaries with the outer margin tinged with 
violaceous, the spots large. Secondaries, the inner margin light brown, 
otherwise tinged with violaceous; the veins light brown; a small Jila- 
cine spot at end of cell; a median row of lilacine spots from veins 4 to 
7; an outer row from veins 2 to 7. 

Expanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 

/Tabitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. 

Type.—No. 6017, U.S.N.M. 


EUROTO PURGIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—W ings, above, dark brown. Underneath, pri- 
maries dark brown. Secondaries dark-reddish brown; a small white 
shade at end of cell; a small whitish outer shade below vein 2; a large 
subterminal white spot between 4 and 6; two small white spots between 
2 and 4. 

Expanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

Tlabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6018, U.S.N.M. 


EUROTO COLER, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—W ings dark brown. Secondaries, inner margin 
blackish. Underneath, dark brown. Secondaries, some minute outer 
clusters of yellowish scales between veins 2 and 6. 

Kxpanse.—Twenty-five millimeters. 

Tabitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6019, U.S.N.M. 


EUROTO RITANS, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—W ings dark brown; the brand extending below 
median to vein 3. Underneath, dark brown; the secondaries tinged 
with reddish; a small yellow outer spot between 6 and 7; one between 
2 and 3, and another between 3 and 4. 

Expanse.—Twenty-five millimeters. 

Flabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6020, U.S.N.M. 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


PHLEBODES CHITTARA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—An oblique black brand from vein 3 to subme- 
dian, above which it is linear. Wings dark brown, fringe grayish. 
Primaries, the spots semihyaline white; a spot between veins 2 and 3; 
a smaller spot between 3 and 4; a small round spot between 6 and 7; 
some yellow scales close to brand on submedian vein. Secondaries, 
two small faint spots beyond cell. Underneath, primaries with the 
costa and apex irrorated with yellowish gray scales; the spots as 
above. Secondaries yellowish gray; a small white spot at lower angle 
of cell; three small round white outer spots; one above vein 2, one 
above vein 3, and one below vein 6. 

Lpanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 

/labitat.—Trinidad. 

Type.—No. 6021, U.S.N:M. 


PHLEBODES GULALA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Brand curved slightly from vein 3 to submedian, 
where it ends in a point. Wings dark brown; fringe grayish. Pri- 
maries, some yellow hairs between veins on costal margin above cell; 
a yellow dash on submedian following brand; a semihyaline spot from 
veins 2 to 3, and a smaller spot above vein 3, both outwardly concave. 
Secondaries, some olivaceous hairs; a yellow outer shade between 3 
and 4. Underneath, olivaceons brown. Primaries, inner margin 
broadly blackish; the dash on submedian whitish. Secondaries, two 
small yellow outer spots between veins 2 and 4. 

Fiepanse.—Thirty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Tijuca, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6022, U.S.N.M. 


PHLEBODES METONIDIA, new species, 


Diagnosis.—Body, brown above; abdomen, gray below; palpi mot- 
tled, with yellow scales. Wings dark brown. Primaries, basal half 
of costa ocherous; an outer row of bright yellow spots, those between 
veins 4 and 6 very small, incurved below cell and close to brand. Seec- 
ondaries, with greenish ocherous hairs; an outer row of small ocherous 
spots. Primaries, below, with the base and inner margin blackish; the 
costa and apex to vein 3, dull ocherous; the spots as above, but duller. 
Secondaries below ocherous, the veins yellow; the outer spots very 
indistinct. 

Lixpanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

FTabitat.—Tijuea, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6023, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 445 


PHLEBODES FARTUGA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—W ings dark brown, fringe pale buff. Primaries, 
spots bright yelloy; a small one above submedian; a larger one 
between veins 2 and 3; a small one between 3 and 4, and a point 
between 6 and 7. Secondaries with some ocherous brown. hairs. 
Underneath, violaceous brown; the veins, pale ocherous. Primaries, 
cell and inner margin blackish; no spot above submedian; other spots. 
as on upper surface. Abdomen, below, yellow. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6024, U.S.N.M. 


OEONUS GARIMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings dark brown; fringe grayish brown. Primaries, 
some minute hyaline spots; one between veins 6 and 7; two spots at 
end of cell; a narrow spot from veins 3 to 4, contracted in its mid- 
dle; a quadrate spot placed more outwardly between veins 3 and 4; 
a small whitish spot above submedian, following brand; the brand 
velvety black, linear, broken into three parts. Underneath, pale 
olivaceous brown. Primaries, blackish at base below costa; the spot 
above submedian vein larger. Secondaries, a small whitish spot at end 
of cell; a curved outer row of six small whitish spots between the veins. 

Expanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

Habitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. 

Type.—No. 6025, U.S.N.M. 


PHANIS CUMBRE, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings brown, fringe grayish brown. Prima- 
ries, spots semihyaline white; a large spot from vein 2 to 3, a smaller 
spot beyond it above vein 3; three small spots between vein 6 and 
costa. Underneath, primaries similar; the costal margin shaded with 
reddish brown; the apex and outer margin to vein 3 shaded with dark 
gray. Secondaries underneath, grayish brown; the median space 
darker, tinged with reddish brown, preceded by a small pale spot at 
end of cell, and followed by a curved row of indistinct paler spots; 
veins and a terminal line darker. 

Expanse.—Twenty-six millimeters. 

TTabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6026, U.S.N.M. 


PHANIS TAVOLA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings dark brown. Primaries with hyaline 
whitish spots; a large one between 2 and 3; a smaller one beyond, 
between 3 and 4; a minute spot between 6 and 7. Underneath, pri- 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


maries blackish at base; the costa and apex tinged with reddish; the 
“spots as above. Secondaries, tinged with reddish; a small subterminal 
grayish spot, very small, between’3 and 4. 

Lxpanse.—Thirty millimeters. 

FHlabitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. 

Type.—No. 6027, U.S.N.M. 


MUCIA MATALMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Brand narrow, blackish, from origin of vein 3 
to vein 2; below vein 2 a longitudinal streak, and below this a linear 
brand to submedian; a semihyaline spot beyond brand, above vein 2, 
and a smaller spot between veins 3 and 4. Underneath olivaceous 
brown. Primaries dark brown on basal half; a slightly paler marginal 
shade below vein 2. Secondaries, the costal margin somewhat darker; 
an outer black point between veins 6 and 7; an outwardly oblique row 
of thin black spots from vein 2, the spots above veins 2 and 3 the 
largest. 

Expanse.—Thirty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6028, U.S.N.M. 


CATIA MINAYA, new species. . 


Diagnosis.—Male.—An elongated black brand at lower angle of cell; 
asmall round black brand above submedian; the two brands connected 
and followed by thick grayish scales. Wings dark brown; fringe 
grayish. Primaries, an indistinct small pale spot between veins 3 
and 4; some reddish brown scales on base of costa; olivaceous hairs 
on inner margin. Secondaries, with some olivaceous hairs. Under- 
neath, primaries blackish; inner margin dark gray; costal margin and 
apex reddish brown; a small pale spot between 3 and 4 and a fainter 
spot below vein 3. Secondaries reddish brown; a median darker shade, 
preceded by a faint paler spot in cell, and followed by a faint paler 
shade from vein 6 to just below vein 2. 

Kxpanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

TTabitat.—Tijuca, Brazil. 

Allied to C. drury? Latreille. 

Type.—No. 6029, U.S.N.M. 


EUPHYES MENOPIS, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Brand narrow, black, from vein 3 to submedian. 
Wings blackish brown. Primaries, basal half shaded with olivaceous 
ocher; basal half of costa yellow; a yellow spot at upper angle of cell; 
three elongated yellow outer spots below costa; brand followed by a 


ely BA Bath 


ma 4 ad 


Ye / 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHAUS. 447 


yellow shade from submedian to vein 4. Secondaries, some olivaceous 
hairs; some faint outer dark ocherous dashes. Underneath, primaries - 
blackish at base, in, and below cell; spots paler and duller; outer 
margin reddish brown, also between 4 and 6 from within end of cell; 
costal margin broadly yellowish; reddish brown before and beyond 
outer spots; a subterminal black shade below vein 3. Secondaries, 
the inner margin broadly dark gray; the base and outer margin reddish 
brown; the median space tinged with yellow; an irregular subterminal 
row of dark spots from apex to below vein 2; also basal and median 
outer spots, those below céll and near outer.margin violaceous, the 
others reddish brown. 

Expanse.—Twenty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 6030, U.S.N.M. 


MNASALCAS AMATALA, new species. 


Diagqnosis.—Male.—A long brand below cell from veins 2 to 3; a 
small longitudinal line below vein 2, and an oblique line below this to 
submedian. An oblique brand at base of secondaries. Wings dark 
brown. Underneath, brown. Primaries, two thirds of costal margin 
broadly, cell and basal half of inner margin darker; an indistinct row 
of paler spots from vein 2, around the dark portion. Secondaries, 
dark violaceous brown on basal two-thirds; some very indistinct outer 
paler spots. 

Expanse.—Thirty-one millimeters. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6031, U.S.N.M. 


PAPIAS TRISTISSIMUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—¥ntirely dark brown. Underneath, similar; the 
inner margin of primaries paler. 

Expanse.— Thirty-seven millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.— No. 6032, U.S.N.M. 


PAPIAS CTYANUS, new species. 


Diagnosis. —V ertex and palpi with yellowish hairs. Abdomen dark- 
brown above, light brown below. Wings, dark brown. Underneath 
reddish brown; the inner area of primaries blackish; on secondaries a 
broad space near inner margin light brown. 

Eixpanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

HTabitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies; Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6033, U.S.N.M. 


448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


PAPIAS SOBRINUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings, dark brown; base of fringe blackish, outwardly 
gray. Underneath, dark brown. Primaries, a faint outer row of small 
grayish spots curved beyond cell; the inner margin paler. Secondaries, 
an outer row of small dark-ochreous spots; fringe as above. 

Expanse.—T wenty-seven millimeters. 

Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6034, U.S.N.M. 


LERODEA TESERA, new species. 


Diagqnosis.— Male.—W ings brown; fringe, brown, mottled with gray. 
Primaries, the base of costa grayish: small hyaline white spots; two 
superposed in cells; one between veins 2 and 3; one between 3 and 4; 
three from costa to vein 6. Underneath, primaries with apex irro- 
rated with lilacine; inner margin, broadly grayish; fringe paler. Sec- 
ondaries, thickly irrorated with lilacine; a brownish median spot on 
costa; one below cell at base; a brownish broad outer shade cut by the 
veins; some indistinct marginal spots. 

Expanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 

Habitat.—Rio Janerio, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6035, U.S.N.M. 


VEHILIUS ALMONEUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Palpi gray below. Body brown. Abdomen under- 
neath buff. Wings brown; fringe blackish at base, outwardly pale 
buff. Primaries, markings bright yellow; a median spot in cell just 
below subcostal; a curved outer row of spots from costa to submedian. 
Secondaries, an outer row of elongated yellow spots above vein 2. 
Underneath brown, the veins pale yellow. Primaries, the spots as 
above, except there is no spot below vein 2. Secondaries, the spots 
more numerous, starting below vein 2, pale yellow. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Allied to V. venosus Plotz. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type. —No. 6036, U.S.N.M. 


VEHILIUS CARASTA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—W ings, dark brown. Primaries, a curved outer 
row of minute clusters of yellow scales from costa to vein 2. Under- 
neath brown, tinged with violaceous. Primaries, some yellow scales 
at base of costa; two small yellow spots in cell; the outer row of spots 
more distinct; a marginal yellow line, outwardly lunular and con- 
nected inwardly with intervening yellow streaks. Secondaries, the 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 449 


marginal lines as on primaries; the inner margin broadly dark gray, 
irrorated with yellow; a spot in cell; a median spot between 7 and 8; 
an outer row of spots from below vein 2 to vein 7. 

Female, similar. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6037, U.S.N.M. 


VEHILIUS CHINTA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Wings dark brown; fringe grayish buff. Pri- 
maries, the spots small, indistinct, yellowish gray; three minute spots 
near costa before apex; one above submedian, one between veins 2 and 
3, and another between 3 and 4. Secondaries, with some paler brown 
hairs. Underneath brown, the veins paler. Primaries, the costal 
spots lilacine; a paler space at inner angle. Secondaries, an outer 
wavy lilacine band, not extending below vein 2; the inner margin 
broadly lighter brown. Abdomen below grayish. 

Expanse.—Twenty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

‘Type.—No. 6038, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS EORIUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; fringe basally black, outwardly 
gray; some clusters of yellow scales outwardly on both wings between 
the veins, almost imperceptible. Underneath, primaries black; some 
ocherous scales on costa and at apex; a whitish outer band from vein 
6 to costa. Secondaries, the basal half of costa, and a shade from 
middle of inner margin, broadening to outer margin at vein 3, and 
then to apex dark brown with some ocherous scales; the intermediate 
inner space and anal space lilacine, irrorated with white scales; the 
inner margin light brown. 

Expanse.—Twenty-one millimeters. 

Allied to W. telata Herrich—-Schaeffer. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6039, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS RANESUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Palpi and head with reddish hairs. Wings dark brown; 
fringe paler. Primaries below, dark brown; the inner margin paler; 
some lilacine scales on outer margin from vein 4 to apex; some ocher- 
ous red on costa at base and before apex. Secondaries, below, with the 
anterior half reddish brown; an ocherous red spot at base; the pos- 
terior half brown irrorated with lilacine scales; a subterminal reddish 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 29 


A50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


line; some lilacine scales below cell toward base; a lighter brown space § 
near inner margin from base to anal angle. : 
Expanse.—Male, 20 millimeters; female, 24 millimeters. 
Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 
Type.—No. 6040, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS POLISTION, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; fringe buff. Primaries, a semi- 
hyaline whitish spot between veins 2 and 3, and smaller ones between 
3 and 4; some olivaceous scales on base of costa; a cluster of yellowish 
scales above middle of submedian vein; minute clusters of similar 
scales obliquely from costa before apex. Underneath, light olivaceous 
brown. Primaries, a black shade from base to hyaline spots; an outer 
row of small yellowish buff spots; a similar spot in the cell. 

Expanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6041, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS MONESTES, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; fringe pale. Primaries, a very 
indistinct outer row of grayish brown spots. Underneath, dull gray, 
with blackish brown markings. Primaries, basal half entirely dark; 
elongated spots beyond cell between veins 4 and 6; elongated marginal 
spots between 2 and 4; apical spots above vein 6; a terminal blackish 
line. Secondaries, a median dark shade cut by veins, and darkest 
above cell; an outer row of dark spots close to cell, from below vein 2 
to vein 7, followed bya lighter brown shade; the outer margin brown, 
leaving subterminal grayish spots; a terminal black line; the inner 
margin without markings. 

Lixpanse.—YTwenty-eight millimeters. 

Tlabitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6042, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS MIABA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; fringe grayish. Primaries, a 
minute whitish spot between 2 and 3, 3 and 4, and 6 and 7. Under- 
neath, primaries with cell and inner margin blackish; costa, apex, and 
outer margin light brown, the veins yellowish; spots as above; a pale 
dash below vein 2. Secondaries light brown; the veins yellowish; a 
whitish point at end of cell; a row of outer white points from veins 
2 to 7. 

tepanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 
fHlabitat.—Not known. 

Type.—No. 6048, U.S.N.M. 


——_ 


No. 1262, NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 451 


MEGISTIAS CHULA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; the fringe grayish. Primaries, 
the veins tinged with green; a yellowish spot close above middle of 
submedian; a round semihyaline white spot between 2 and 3; a 
smaller spot between 3 and 4. Secondaries, the costa tinged with 
violaceous. Underneath, primaries dark brown; the costa reddish 
brown; the outer margin lilacine; the spots as above. Secondaries 
lilacine; the costa broadly violaceous; the inner margin broadly gray- 
ish buff; a small round white spot at end of cell; an indistinet curved 
outer row of small whitish spots from below vein 2 to vein 7. 

Expanse.—Tweuty-seven millimeters. 

Llabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6044, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS VANILIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings dark brown, the fringe paler; underneath, light 
violaceous brown. Primaries, the costa tinged with green; inner 
margin broadly grayish black; a paler dash below vein 2; a yellow 
point between veins 6 and 7. Secondaries, the inner margin broadly 
and thickly irrorated with yellowish scales; a yellow point at end of 
cell; an outer curved row of small yellow spots from below vein 2 to 
vein 7, the end spots slightly larger. 

Expanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6045, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS GISPARA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings dark brown; fringe grayish. Prima- 
ries, some ocherous scales on basal half of costa, and a few at apex; a 
curved outer row of small, indistinct grayish spots from costa to vein 
2, those between 4+ and 6 almost obsolete. Secondaries with lighter 
brown hairs. Underneath, light brown, faintly tinged with ochreous. 
Primaries, the inner margin broadly blackish; the outer spots as 
above. Secondaries, a black point between 2 and 3 near cell; a similar 
point just above vein + close to .discocellular, followed by a faint paler 
curved outer shade. 

Expanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 

LTabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

LType.—No. 6046, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS VORGIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings dark brown; fringe grayish. Primaries, a small 
semihyaline white spot between veins 2 and 3; a smaller one between 
3 and 4; three minute outer spots below costa. Underneath, prima- 
ries with cell and inner margin broadly black; costa, apex, and outer 


452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


margin to vein 3 brownish buff; the veins and intervening streaks yel- 
lowish. Secondaries brownish buff; the veins yellowish; indistinct 
grayish intervening streaks; four small outer whitish spots from veins 
2 ton 

FExpanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6047, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS SANCOYA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—W ings dark brown. Primaries, a darker shade 
from vein 2 and cell obliquely toward apex. Underneath brown tinged 
with ocherous. Secondaries, a small dark brown spot just beyond cell 
between 4 and 6; a very indistinct brownish outer shade above vein 2. 

Expanse.—Thirty millimeters. 

/Tabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6048, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS CARINNA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown; fringe terminally reddish brown. 
Primaries, slightly darker about end of cell. Underneath, primaries 
violaceous brown; the outer margin tinged with lilacine; a light brown 
space at inner angle. Secondaries violaceous brown tinged with lila- 
cine below cell and on outer margin; a lighter brown space near inner 
margin from base widening to anal angle; a curved outer row of small 
lilacine white spots. 

Hxpanse.—Twenty-three millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6049, U.S.N.M. 


* MEGISTIAS JAMACA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings dark brown; a few ocherous hairs at base; fringe - 
grayish. Primaries, small semihyaline spots; one between veins 3 
and +, three small spots between veins 6 and 9. Underneath paler, 
only the cell and inner margin of primaries darker; the spots as above; 
asmall grayish spot between veins 2 and 38. Secondaries, an outer 
row of small grayish spots from vein 2 to vein 7. 

Hxpanse.—Thirty-one millimeters. 

Flabitat.—Jamaica, British West Indies. 

Type.—No. 6050, U.S.N.M. 


MEGISTIAS (?) CORESCENE, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Wings dark brown. Primaries with small hyaline 
spots; three outer spots below costa; a small spot between 2 and 3, 
and another between 3 and 4. Underneath brown. Primaries, the 


NO, 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 453 


outer margin lilacine, widest at vein 5. Secondaries tinged with lila- 
cine, leaving an apical space; a curved median space, and some sub- 
terminial spots, brownish. 

Expanse.—Twenty-four millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6051, U.S.N.M. 


LEREMA COYANA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings dark brown. Primaries faintly tinged 
with green at base; brand dark gray; a minute hyaline spot between 
3and 4; another minute spot between 6 and 7. Underneath reddish 
brown. Primaries, the base below costa blackish; a grayish brown 
space at inner angle. Secondaries, small whitish outer spots; two 
between 2 and 4, one between veins 6 and 7. 

Expanse.—Thirty-three millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6052, U.S.N.M. 


LEREMA STACARA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings brown; a terminal darker line, fringe 
paler. Primaries, some olivaceous hairs on inner margin; brand gray- 
ish black. Secondaries, some olivaceous hairs. Underneath brown. 
Primaries, the costa, apex, and outer margin olivaceous brown; the 
inner margin whitish yellow, extending above vein 2 before outer 
margin. Secondaries olivaceous brown, with duller brown markings; 
a short inner line and spot; an irregular median row of small spots to 
a broad shade from apex to below vein 2 and end of cell; some marginal 
shades; a terminal dark line. 

Female.—Primaries with hyaline white spots; three outer spots 
below costa; a large spot between 2 and 3; a small spot between 3 and 4. 
Underneath, primaries dark at base; a large whitish spot below vein 2; 
costa, apex, and outer margin light brown irrorated with greenish yel- 
low scales. Secondaries light brown irrorated with greenish yellow 
scales; an inner dark line; a median dark streak from 7 to 8; an oblique 
dark shade from 2 to 7, followed by small indistinct yellowish spots. 

Expanse.—Male, 33 millimeters; female, 34 millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6053, U.S.N.M. 


LEREMA ELGINA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—A long brand below cell from vein 3 to 2 and 
then on to submedian, nearly straight, and edged finely with blackish. 
Wings dark brown; fringe blackish at base, outwardly light brown. 
Primaries, a small hyaline spot between veins 3 and 4, and one between 


454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


6 and 7. Underneath,-primaries with the costal margin and apex 
tinged with reddish brown. Secondaries dark reddish brown; a small 
yellow outer spot between veins 3 and 4, and one between 6 and 7. 

Expanse.—Thirty-seven millimeters. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6054, U.S.N.M. 


PADRAONA SARTIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Primaries dark brown; basal half of costa light ocher- 
ous brown; spots pale yellow, semihyaline, edged with darker yellow; 
three small spots below costa before apex; a large quadrate spot 
between veins 2 and 3, and a smaller one above, between veins 3 and 4; 
a yellow streak above submedian vein; some ocherous brown hairs at 
base and on inner margin. Secondaries, the costa broadly dark brown; 
the outer margin black; a pencil of black hairs on inner margin; the 
dise dark ocherous brown with some small subterminal yellow spots. 
Underneath, primaries black; the costal margin, apex broadly, and 
outer margin to vein 3 reddish brown; the spots as above. Secondaries 
reddish brown at base and on outer margin; a broad black shade near 
inner margin from base to outer margin near anal angle; the inner 
margin and subterminal space ocherous; a velvety black spot beyond 
cell above vein 4 followed by a large white spot; two small white spots 
above it near outer margin and two below it; an elongated large white 
spot below vein 2. ere 

Expanse.—Twenty-seven millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6055, U.S.N.M. 


PADRAONA CALCAREA, new species. 

Diagnosis.— Male.—Wings dark brown. Primaries, a bright ful- 
vous band cut by veins from middle of submedian, narrowing toward 
vein 5, before which it is angled and interrupted, broad between 5 and 
6, narrow between 6 and 7. Secondaries, an oblique orange mark 
from veins 2 to 5 near outer margin. Underneath light brown, the 
veins pale. Primaries, some black in cell and above inner angle; the 
fulvous spot as above, but duller. Secondaries, the orange spots almost 
effaced, but extending below vein 2; a dark shade along inner margin, 
widening at anal angle. 

The female has the band broken into spots, which are white, except 
the spot below vein 2, which is geminate and yellow; the spots on 
secondaries are smaller. 

Expanse.—Male, 30 mm.; female, 33 mm. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6056, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1262, NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 455 


PADRAONA (?) RADIATA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Abdomen brown, banded with yellow laterally. Wings 
dark brown, with bright yellow markings. Primaries, a broad streak 
on basal half of costa; a streak below submedian, and one above it ter- 
minating in a large spot below vein 2; at base of vein 2 is a small 
round brand followed by a quadrate spot surmounted by a small spot 
in cell; these and the following two spots have pale yellow centers. 
A small spot between 3 and 4; a small spot between 6 and 7; a few 
bright yellow scales on costa at two-thirds from base. Secondaries, 
the lower portion of cell and a space beyond cell bright yellow, leaving 
a small portion of wing broadly dark brown, and inclosing a small 
brown spot between veins 2 and 3, close to cell. Underneath, prima- 
ries black; the costa, apex broadly, and outer margin to vein 3 light 
brown, with darker streaks between the veins, which are bright yellow. 
Secondaries bright violaceous brown; the veins pale yellow; a broad 
black space close to inner margin, widening at anal angle? fringe black 
at base, outwardly gray. 

Expanse.—Thirty millimeters. 

/Tabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6057, U.S.N.M. 


HESPERIA (?) SUCOVA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—No brand; a long tuft of hairs below median 
vein at base. Wings dark brown, fringe paler. Primaries, a darker 
shade at end of cell. Underneath, primaries blackish at base, viola- 
ceous brown on costa and apex; a few whitish hairs between veins 3 
and 4. Secondaries violaceous brown; a curved outer row of small 
spots consisting of clusters of gray hairs. 

Lixpanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 
LTabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 
Type.—No. 6058, U.S.N.M. 


HESPERIA (?) ALTAMA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—A blackish brand between veins 2 and 3 at origin 
of vein 3. Wings dark brown above, underneath bluish gray.  Pri- 
maries, a small white streak in cell; posterior portion of cell a shade 
below it-and a curved band from cell between veins 2 and 3 to inner 
angle black; a broad whitish space on inner margin. Secondaries, a 
lilacine shade from base to anal angle. 

Female.—Lighter brown; an olivaceous shade on secondaries. Pri- 
maries, a curved row of hyaline whitish spots from vein 2 toward 
costa, diminishing in size; three spots from veins 2 to 5; two spots 
between veins 6 and 8. Underneath the blue shade predominates. 


456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Primaries, the base of cell and inner margin brown. Secondaries, the 
space from base to anal angle more roseate; an indistinct outer row of 
pale spots. 

“panse.—Male, 34 mm.; female, 40 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6059, U.S.N.M. 


HESPERIA (?) CALIGULA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Brand, a fine streak on discocellular; a large 
round spot between vein 2 and cell. Wings dark brown, the fringe 
paler. Underneath olivaceous brown. Primaries, a darker discocel- 
lular streak; a darker space in cell and along part of vein 2 to base; a 
broad pale yellow space on inner margin before apex. Secondaries, a 
broad subterminal white band from apex to inner margin above angle, 
interrupted by a paler olivaceous space near inner margin, which 
extends from base to anal angle. 

Kxpanse.—Thirty-three millimeters. 

TTabitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6060, U.S.N.M. 


HESPERIA (?) MISERA, new species. 


Diagnosis. —Male.—A long narrow brand below cell from veins 38 to 
2, then twice interrupted before submedian. Wings dark brown, 
fringe blackish. Underneath a richer brown. Secondaries, a small 
yellow outer spot between veins 6 and 7 and astill smaller one between 
veins 3 and 4. 

Expanse.—Forty millimeters. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6061, U.S.N.M. 


CALLIMORMUS DIAESES, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Body brown; abdomen below gray. Wings dark 
brown, the fringe paler; a few clusters of yellow scales outwardly on 
primaries. Underneath brown tinged with violaceous. Primaries, 
the veins at apex and outer margin yellow. Secondaries, the veins 
and discocellular yellow; an outer row of small whitish spots from 
veins 2 to 8. 


wpanse.—Nineteen millimeters. 
Habitat.—Southeast Brazil. 
No. 6062, U.S.N.M. 


Type. 
CALLIMORMUS VERAMES, new species. 


Diagnosis. —Body brown; abdomen below yellowish with a black 
ventral line. Wings dark brown, fringe paler. Primaries, an outer 
row of clusters of olivaceous scales; some olivaceous scales along 


No. 1262. NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 457 


subcostal. Underneath, primaries brown, the inner margin paler; 
terminal yellow line; veins 5 to 12 and subcostal bright yellow; veins 
2 to 4 yellow on outer margin; a yellow streak in cell. Secondaries 
violaceous; the veins and a terminal line bright yellow; inner margin 
broadly irrorated with yellow; a basal yellow line on extreme costa; 
a subterminal row of small yellow spots. Fringe on both wings black 
basally, grayish brown outwardly. 

Expanse.—Twenty-two millimeters. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—No. 6063, U.S.N.M. 


MNESTHEUS PETROVNA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—W ings dark brown; fringe black at base, out- 
wardly gray. Primaries, a triangular yellow spot above middle of 
submedian; four semihyaline yellow spots; a large one between veins 
2 and 3, and a minute spot above it in cell; an outer small spot between 
3 and 4; avery small spot between 6 and 7; some yellow scales at base 
of costa. Secondaries, yellowish hairs on discal area; olivaceous hairs 
near inner margin; some yellow outer scales between veins 4 and 7. 
Underneath, primaries dark brown, the spots as above; veins yellow 
along outer margin and apex, also above subcostal. Secondaries, 
violaceous; inner margin broadly brown, edged with yellow; veins 
yellow, except veins 3 and 6 at their base; an outer yellow wavy line 
from below vein 2 to vein 4. 

Expanse.—Twenty-six millimeters. 

Habitat.—-Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6064, U.S.N.M. 


CYMAENES NUX, new species. 


Diagnosis.—W ings dark brown. Primaries, some white transparent 
spots; a median spot above submedian vein; a larger spot between 
veins 2 and 3; a smaller spot between 3 and 4; a very small spot 
between 6 and 7. Secondaries, the fringe white. Underneath, pri- 
maries blackish brown; the apex broadly light brown, shaded with 
eray between veins 3 and 6; the spot above submedian larger, opaque. 
Secondaries whitish, irrorated with brown strive; the costal margin 
brown; a large dark spot below end of cell, cut by veins 2 and 3. 

Expanse.—Thirty-five millimeters. 

Tlabitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6065, U.S.N.M. 


CYMZENES DUBITANS, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Wings dark brown. Primaries, a faint oblique 
shade beyond cell, between veins 2 to 4, light brown. Underneath 
olivaceous brown. Primaries, the inner margin grayish brown. 


458 ; PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


Secondaries, the outer margin from veins 2 to 5 tinged with violaceous; 
the costa darker; a darker shade from beyond cell to costa before apex. 

The female is dark brown above with a faint paler shade at end of 
cell on primaries. Underneath there is a paler triangular space on 
inner margin. 

Expanse.—Twenty. nine millimeters. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6066, U.S.N.M. 


CYMZENES INTERMEDIA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings dark brown. Primaries, a light oliva- 
ceous brown shade from middle of submedian vein to vein 4 at end of 
cell. Secondaries, some light olivaceous brown hairs. Underneath, 
primaries dull brown, the inner margin not paler. Secondaries dull 
olivaceous gray, thickly irrorated with brown striz; the costa darker; 
a dark shade from below end of cell to apex. 

The female is darker above. 

Expanse.—Twenty-eight millimeters. 

Habitat.—Tijuca, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6067, U.S.N.M. 


CYMAENES OCCULTA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Wings above dark brown; the base of fringe 
blackish. Underneath dull brown, tinged with reddish. Primaries, 
the inner margin broadly light brown. Secondaries, a darker shade 
from vein 2 to apex; the inner margin lighter brown. 

Female.—Similar to the male. 

Expanse.—Twenty-nine millimeters. 

Habitat.—Rio Janerio, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6068, U.S.N.M. 


FLACCILLA(?) COATEPECA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Head reddish brown. Collar and thorax violaceous 
brown. Wings brown. Primaries with hyaline white spots; a small 
longitudinal spot in cell; a large spot below it and vein 2; a narrow 
subterminal spot from 3 to 4 surmounted by an oblong spot between 4 
and 5; two small quadrate spots between 6 and 8. Underneath dark 
brownish red. Primaries, the cell and inner margin blackish brown; 
the spots as above. Secondaries, a blackish brown space near inner 
margin from base to anal angle. 

Expanse.—F orty-two millimeters. 

FHabitat.—Coatepec, Mexico. 

Type.—No. 6069, U.S.N.M. 


NO. 1262, NEW AMERICAN. BUTTERFLIES—SCHA US. 459 


FLACCILLA(?) ERGOLA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax rufous. Wings brown. 
Primaries, basal third of costa rufous; semihyaline, yellow; a large 
spot between veins 2 and 3; a narrow subterminal spot between 3 and 
5eut by vein4. Undernéath, primaries black; the costa, apex broadly, 
and outer margin to vein 2 rufous; the spots as above. Secondaries 
reddish brown, darkest along costa, and a broad outer shade to below 
vein 2; the cell light violaceous. 

Expanse.—Thirty-seven millimeters. 

FHabitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6070, U.S.N.M. 


THRACIDES ORUSCA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Longer hairs below median vein and on inner margin. 
Wings brown, palest at the base. Primaries, spots semihyaline, 
white; a small spot in cell before vein 3; a quadrate spot resting on 
middle of submedian vein; a large oblique spot from 2 to 3, widest on 
vein 2; a spot from 3 to + outwardly concave; a smaller spot from 
4 to 5, and minute spot just above 5; three small spots from costa to 
vein 6. Secondaries, three yellowish white spots between 2 and 6, in 
a line from vein 2 towards apex. Underneath, primaries brown; inner 
margin grayish; basal half of costa buff; a reddish brown spot before 
costal spots; an apical lilacine streak; the spot above submedian irro- 
rated with white. Secondaries, the base, inner margin, and from 
below cell along vein 2 to outer margin shaded with lilacine; the basal 
portion limited by a faint pale line curved inwardly from vein 2 to 
costal margin near apex, followed by an olivaceous brown space, lim- 
ited below by the transverse spots which are rather smaller; before 
inner margin a broad light brown space to anal angle. 

Expanse.—¥orty millimeters. 

FHabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Allied to 7. salius Cramer. 

Type—No. 6071,-U.S.N:M. 


THRACIDES BAJULA, new species. 


Diagnosis.— Male.—Head, thorax, and base of abdomen dark blue. 
Palpi, inwardly, buff. Wings dark brown. Primaries, basal third 
metallic blue-green; twe semihyaline white spots; a spot in the cell, 
outwardly indentate, crossed by a fine line; the other spot below vein 
2 and end of cell, slightly prolonged along vein 2 toward outer margin. 
Secondaries, base of wing with metallic blue hairs; on both wings a 
terminal darker shade; fringe lighter brown. Underneath, wings 


460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


brown. Primaries, basal third of costa, white, tinged with metallic 
scales at base; yellow scales at apex; a large white spot at inner angle. 
Secondaries, basal third of costa white. 

Expanse.—Forty-one millimeters. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Allied to 7. molion Godman. 

Type.—No. 6072, U.S.N.M. 


THRACIDES BISERTA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—A long brand on submedian. Primaries, dark brown, 
the spots hyaline white; the brand on submedian pale grey; a gemi- 
nate elongated spot in cell divided by a dark longitudinal line; a large 
spot between 2 and 3; a small spot between 3 and 4, outwardly con- 
cave; three small outer spots between costa and vein 6. Secondaries, 
light ochroeus brown; the costa broadlyviolaceous brown; a small pale 
spot at end of cell; three small outer spots paler, the upper spot 
semihyaline, between 2 and 6. Underneath, duller brown. Primaries, 
the spots as above. Secondaries, the spots as above more distinct; 
above vein 2 and median the wing shaded with violaceous. 

Lixpanse.— Thirty-seven millimeters. 

Habitat.—Trinidad. 

Type.—No. 6073, U.S.N.M. 


PERICHARES TRIPLAGA, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Male.—Body brown; thorax and abdomen, basally shot 
with dark blue. Wings brown, some dark blue at base. Primaries, a 
long brand from vein 3 to submedian; three semihyaline yellow spots; 
a quadrate spot in cell; a triangular spot between veins 2 and 3; a smaller 
quadrate spot from vein 3 to 4; fringe at inner angle yellowish. 
Secondaries, fringe yellow from costa to near angle, then dark brown 
at anal angle and on inner margin. Underneath, primaries brown, 
darkest at base; a yellow costal spot surmounting discal spot; from 
end of cell to apex shaded with lilacine. Secondaries, a pale space 
from costa across base, along inner margin for two thirds, followed 
by.a dark brown space becoming paler towards outer margin, and 
interrupted by a subterminal lilacine shade. 

Expanse.—Forty-nine millimeters. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—No. 6074, U.S.N.M. 


A REVIEW OF THE TRACHINOID FISHES AND THEIR SUP- 
POSED ALLIES FOUND IN THE WATERS OF JAPAN. 


By Davip Starr Jorpan and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, 
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


In the present paper is given an account of the fishes of Japan belong- 
ing to families which have been regarded hitherto as allied to the 
Trachinide. The material examined was for the most part collected 
by the writers during the summer of 1900, under the auspices of the 
Hopkins Seaside Laboratory of Stanford University, although sev- 
eral specimens were obtained by the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross. Series of types are in the museum of Stanford University 
and in the United States National Museum. The illustrative draw- 
ings are the work of Mr. A. H. Baldwin and Chloe Lesley Starks. 

The group Trachinoidea comprises a series of transitional forms, 
showing affinities with the Percoidea on the one hand and with the 
Batrachoidide and Blennoidea on the other. In general, the spinous 
dorsal is short or weak, the soft dorsal long and similar to the anal, 
the ventral jugular and the squamation is less complete and_ less 
etenoid than in the Percoidea. The skull is, in general, depressed, 
with the supraocular crest low, and the suborbital stay is wanting, 
although in some genera the suborbital bones are enlarged. The bones 
of the skull are not strongly armed, and the ventral fins always 
inserted well forward, and they are sometimes reduced in size. 

According to recent studies of Dr. Boulenger,’ the Trachinide 
proper have the hypercoracoid imperforate, as in the Gadide. Their 
general relationship with the cod-fishes and blennies is such that 
Boulenger proposes to revive the suborder Jugulares to include not 
only the Gadoid fishes, but the Ophidioid, Blennioid, and Trachinoid 
forms also, in fact, all fishes having truly jugular ventrals. Several 
families hitherto called Trachinoid, but which possess thoracic ven- 
trals, should be widely dissociated. In most cases their real place is 
not far from the Percoid forms. In the present paper these families 
are considered as well as the genuine Trachinoids. 


1Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., VIII, 1901, pp. 261-271. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1263. 
451 


462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


ANALYSIS OF FAMILIES. 


I. TracurnormeEa. Ventral fins jugular placed in advance of the pectorals; pectoral 
fin supported by the hypercoracoid and by short broad pterygials; no air bladder. 
b. Hypercoracoid (‘‘scapula’’) not pierced by a foramen, the foramen or fenes- 
tra lying on its lower edge adjoining the hypocoracoid, as in the Gadide. 
e, subocular lamina wanting 1.55. 2522 eee cee eee NOTOTHENIID®, lL. 
bb. Hypercoracoid pierced by a foramen, as usual among fishes. 
d. Pterygials separate, well developed, top of head not bony. 
. : LEPTOSCOPID, 2. 
dd. Pterygials much reduced, fused with the coracoids; gills 33, suborbitals 
dilated; top of head bony; physiognomy peculiar, the eyes superior, and 
the mouth almost vertical =. 2252 255-3 cee eee URANOSCOPID, 3. 
II. Non-rracutnoip Forms: Ventral fins thoracic, normally formed; pectoral fin 
supported on both coracoids, with well-developed pterygials; air bladder usually 
developed. 


e. Ventrals subabdominal, although inserted well forward, the pelvis con- — 


nected to the pelvic arch by a ligament; body with rough scales; 
lateral lines two, with cross series of pores; mouth with movable 
-anines (allied to Chiasmodontide)....-.------- CHAMPSODONTID&, 4. 
ee. Ventrals normally thoracic. 

f. Body naked; vertebree numerous (51); pectoral broad, its lower rays 
thickened (allied to Latrididx)....--.---------- TRICHODONTID®, 5. 

ff. Body sealy. 
g. Muciferous system of head largely developed; mouth small, with 


small teeth (allied to Sciwnidz) ..-...-.=----.-: SILLAGINID, 6. — 


gg. Muciferous system little developed; subocular lamina developed. 
h. Lateral line single, complete; scales small; body compressed. 


LATILID, fam 
hh. Lateral line incomplete, sometimes Guplicated; premaxillary — 


without posterior canine (allied to Serranidz) . : 
i. Lateral line interrupted, beginning again lower on the tail. 
Maxillary not dilated; scales ctenoid..PSEUDOCHROMIDID4&, 8. 


ii. Lateral line with the dorsal portion only developed; max- — 
illary dilated behind; scales cycloid ...OPISTHOGNATHID, 9, — 


Family I. NOTOTHENTIDZ. 


Body oblong or elongate, naked or covered with rather small, firm 


ctenoid scales; lateral line various, sometimes double or triple; mouth — 


moderate or large, nearly horizontal, the teeth moderate; eyes lateral 


or directed somewhat upward; preopercle entire, or nearly so; opercle — 


usually with a spine; gill membranes separated or united, sometimes 


joined to the isthmus; branchiostegals 6 or 7; pseudo-branchiz present; 
dorsal fin long, usually continuous, its anterior part with 4 to 10 — 


spines; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal usually not forked; pectorals 
broad, but two of the short broad pterygials resting on the hyperco- 
racoid which is not pierced by a foramen, the foramen being on its 


lower margin; second suborbital not produced in an internal lamina; 
ribs and epipleurals nearly equally developed and sessile close together — 
at base; posterior precaudal vertebre emitting short parapophyses — 
(Boulenger), normally placed; ventrals jugular, placed in advance of ‘! 


*& 


| 


' no.1268. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 463 


— 


them, well separated, a rhombic area between them, the rays I, 5; no 
air bladder; pyloric ceca few; vertebre typically 10+ 20. Small 
fishes of the tropical and antarctic seas, often brightly colored. 

a. Gill membranes united, free from the isthmus; body sealy; lateral line single. 


b. Palatines without teeth; dorsal notched, its middle spines highest. . Parapercis, 1 
bb. Palatines with teeth; last spines of dorsal highest -........-.----.1 Neopereis, 


bo 


iy PARA ERGs Bleeker: 


Percis SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801, p. 179 (maculatus); (not of Scopoli; a 
genus of Agonidze, 1777). 

Parapercis BLEEKER, Fauna Ichth. Chine, Ned. Tydskr, Dierk., IV, 1872, p. 127 
(cylindrica). 

Body cylindrical, rather elongate; mouth moderate, slightly oblique, 
the jaws equal; teeth villiform, with small canines; no teeth on the 
palatines; dorsal divided, the middle spines highest. Lateral line 
single curved upward anteriorly; body with ctenoid scales, gill mem- 
branes free from the isthmus. 

(zapa, near; Percis, a name transferred from this genus to another 
to which it was earlier applied, allied to zéo«7, perch.) 


a. Body and tail without distinct black, white edged ocelli; a broad dark lateral band; 


lower parts of head with dark cross bars. D. V, 21; scales, 62 ...... pulchella, 1 

aa. Body with single large ocellus at upper base of caudal fin; lower parts of head 
WALMOUnGistimetmoands:, DS Vie2o scules, DSa-mena2 a. o is eoas ommatura, 2 

aaa. Body with three or more ocelli on the lower parts; caudal with a black central 
latices) as atOresGaless 62.52 5.15: oe ye seers ee ee ae ale hexophthalma, 3 


1. PARAPERCIS PULCHELLA (Schlegel). 
TOGORO!-IWASHI (JACK-SARDINE). 


Percis pulchella SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 24, pl. x, fig. 2; Naga- 
saki.—RicHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 211; Canton.—Giinrner, Cat. 
Fish., II, 1870, p. 240; Nagasaki.—SremypacHNer und D6DERLEIN, Fische 
Japans, ITI,1884, p. 190; Tokyo Bay.—Nystrrom, Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, 
p. 28; Nagasaki. 

Head, 4 in length; depth, 53; depth of caudal peduncle, 24 in head; 
eye, 43; snout, 23; interorbital space, 7; pectoral, 54 in length; ventral, 
53; caudal (upper rays),44; D. V—-21; A,18; scales in lateral line, 62; 
in transverse series, 24: between lateral line and insertion of dorsal, 5. 

Body elongate, subcylindrical, the caudal peduncle somewhat com- 
pressed, dorsal contour of head rising rapidly from tip of snout to 
interorbital space; snout short; eyes high in head, nearer to tip of 
snout than to posterior edge of opercle, a distance about equal to diam- 
eter of pupil, directed obliquely upward; interorbital space narrow, 
flat. Mouth large, oblique, lips broad, premaxillary very protractile, 
the maxillary entirely concealed beneath the preorbital, extending 
posteriorly to a vertical through anterior edge of pupil. Teeth on the 


1Togoro is a familiar boy’s name, corresponding to Jack or Charley. 
fo) . ? z . 


464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


jaws in 2 series, an outer row of enlarged, simple teeth, and an inner 
band of minute, close-set ones; a patch of small teeth on vomer. Gill- 
membranes forming a fold across the isthmus. Gillrakers on first 
arch 8+ 8, short and flat. 

Upper parts of body with finely ctenoid scales, which grow smooth 
in the region behind occiput at base of pectoral and on the breast and . 
belly; sides of head with small cycloid scales; interorbital space, snout, 
and jaws smooth. 

Dorsals continuous, the spinous dorsal inserted above base of pec- 
toral. Rays of soft dorsal and anal with free tips; rays of upper part 
of caudal elongate, projecting beyond edge of fin. Pectorals rounded 
posteriorly, the ventrals pointed. 

Color in spirits yellowish brown, upper parts of body and a median 
lateral band dusky, each scale in the dusky areas with a small brownish 
spot; head with dark bands across the occiput, cheeks, and suborbital 
region; chin and throat with blackish spots; dorsal, anal, and caudal 
with pearly spots bounded by dark color. 

Color in life: Body with a broad bluish white lateral band inter- 
rupted by small reddish spots; above the band, reddish olive with blue 
spots; below the white band is a parallel, reddish band, rather indefi- 
nite in outline, about 14 times as wide as the former; below this band 
the body is of a dark-pinkish hue, each scale with a central reddish 
spot; occipital part of head orange yellow with a broad, bluish trans- 
verse blotch bordered by black which shades off into purple, the latter 
color extending backward on the body; interorbital space yellowish 
lilac, the yellow strongest on band between eyes; a broad yellowish 
band extending from eye toward maxillary; upper part of eye red- 
dish; cheeks brownish, becoming blackish anteriorly; sides of head 
and upper part of snout with narrow bands of indigo blue; throat 
white with brownish black markings; membrane of spinous dorsal 
bluish white, the spines blackish, the dark color spreading to the 
membrane anterior to each spine, upper part of fin narrowly bordered 
with white; below the border is a narrow band of brownish black 
which shades into orange on its lower side. Soft dorsal with yellow- 
ish olive spots, the upper parts of rays tipped with orange; membrane 
of upper part of caudal with alternating spots of orange and of pearly 
white, lower part brick red with indistinct white spots; basal part of 
anal yellowish orange with white spots, which are bordered with blue; 
outer part of fin with bright bands, the colors of which blend on the 
margins, the outer band white, then brownish black, red, white, and 
again red; pectoral with a brownish spot at lower part of base; above 
spot, bluish with reddish reticulations, the fin suffused with pinkish 
shading into brick red on the margin.. Lower part of ventral suffused 
with red, clouded with darker shades, the upper part blackish; inner 
ray with a line of light brick red. 


. 1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 465 
= 


Coasts of southern Japan, abundant about Nagasaki, rare north- 
ward; a showy little fish reaching a length of about 200 millimeters; 
our many specimens from Wakanoura and Nagasaki. 

(Pulchellus, pretty.) 


2. PARAPERCIS OMMATURA Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head, 4 in length; depth, 54; depth of caudal peduncle, 3 in head; 
eye, 33, snout, 33, interorbital space, 12; pectoral, 5; in length; ven- 
tral, 5; caudal, 6; D-V, 22; A., 19; scales in lateral line, 58; in 
transverse series 16; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 4. 

Body elongate, almost cylindrical, more compressed on caudal 
peduncle, the head long and pointed. Eye large, the diameter equal 
to length of snout, located high up, the upper margin projecting above 
head; interorbital space very narrow, concave; mouth moderate, 
oblique, the lower jaw projecting; upper lip broad, the premaxillary 
protractile; maxillary entirely concealed by preorbital, reaching a 
vertical through anterior edge of orbit. Teeth in 2 series on the jaws, 


Fic. 1.—PARAPERCIS OMMATURA. 


an outer row of enlarged, slightly curved, canine-like teeth, and an 
inner, narrow band of minute ones; a small patch of fine teeth on the 
vomer. Gill-membranes forming a narrow fold across the isthmus; 
gillrakers on first arch about 3-+ 10 short, those near ends of arch 
represented by slight elevations. Preopercle with 6 or 7 small spines 
on the angular portion of the edge; opercle with a strong spine at 
posterior angle; «bout 11 small spines on the lower edge. 

Body covered with ctenoid scales, the denticulations somewhat 
weaker on the anterior and yentral parts; occiput and sides of head 
with ctenoid scales; interorbital space and snout naked. Very small 
scales extending on basal half of caudal. 

Dorsal separate or only slightly joined at their bases, the fourth 
spine highest and strongest, about one-third of its length longer than 
diameter of eye, the third spine of about equal length; rays higher 
than the spines, the anterior ones about equal to distance from tip of 
snout to posterior border of pupil. Anal inserted below the fifth dor- 
sal ray; dorsal and anal extending an equal distance posteriorly, 


Proce. N. M: vol: xxiv—01 30 


4 


AGE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


neither when depressed quite reaching base of caudal; caudal rounded 


posteriorly; pectoral acutely rounded; ventral pointed. 


Color, in alcohol, pale, brownish yellow, with a few indistinct, — 


dusky, V-shaped marks and elongate spots on sides; two narrow longi- 


tudinal dark bands on cheeks; soft dorsal with 2 or 3 rows of elongate 


black spots on the membranes; anal dusky near the margin; upper 
basal part of caudal with a round black spot about the size of pupil, 
surrounded by a narrow ring of lighter color; pectoral without dark 


color, except a very narrow dusky margin; middle part of ventrals — 


~ dark gray, becoming inky black toward end of fin, the dark color 
bordered by dead white. 

In some specimens the markings on sides of body are more distinct, 
being semicircular, or more often Y-shaped. Occasionally the whole 
upper part of the body is dusky. 

The prominent caudal spot serves at once to distinguish the species 
from 2. pulchella. The latter species also reaches a much larger size. 

Type.—No. 6540, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, from 
Nagasaki. 

A prettily colored little fish, common in the bays about Nagasaki 
and in the Inland Sea. Our many specimens were taken at Nagasaki, 
Tsuruga, and Kobe. The largest is about 120 millimeters long. 

(Oupa, eye; ovpa, tail.) 


3. PARAPERCIS HEXOPHTHALMA (Ehrenberg). 


Percis hevophthalma (Ehrenberg) Cuvrer and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 
III, 1829, p. 271; Massuah, Red Sea; Hist. Nat. Poiss:, VII, p. 507; Sey- 
chelles.—GtnrHer, Cat. Fish., IH, 1860, p. 239; Red Sea, Louisiades.— 
IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 46; Riukiu Islands. 

? Pereis polyophthalma Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1829, 
p. 272; Massuah. 

Percis caudimaculata RiipPeLyt, Neue Wirbelthiere, Fische, 1824, p.98; Red Sea.— 
BLeEEKER, Perc., p. 54; Celebes, IV, p. 11; Celebes. 

Head 43 (with caudal); depth 7; D. V.-19; A. 18; scales 7-62-19; 
interorbitai space 3 in snout; ventrals about reaching front of anal; 
caudal with a black central blotch; along each side of belly three or 
more white rings with black centers; spinous dorsal with a black basal 
spot; soft dorsal with three lengthwise series of black spots; anal with 
one. (Giinther.) East Indies, a specimen from the Riukiu Islands 
in the Imperial Museum of Japan; not seen by us. 

(€€, SIX: odbaxr fos, eye.) 

2. NEOPERCIS Steimdachner: 

Parapercis STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., XIII, 1883, p. 1072 (ramsayi), (not of 
Bleeker). 

Neopercis STEINDACHNER, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 212 (ramsayi). 


Palatines with teeth; dorsal scarcely notched, the middle spines not 


Pe ee 


a a rin Ch barge a ats 


_No.1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 46% 


longer than the posterior ones. Dorsal rays V, 23; A. 20; scales about 
60. Otherwise essentially as in Parapercis. , 
(véos, new; Perc’s.) 
a. Color golden or red with blackish cross bands. 
b. Cross bands in 3 or 4 pairs; a black ocellus at upper base of caudal. 
sexfasciata, 4 
bb. Gross bands narrower and more numerous, about 6 broad ones, each with a 
narrow one before and behind it; a round black blotch (not ocellus) at 
MBER ase OF COUOAl jo 2. see on ana Ai teitc dele cwcein cae ae multifasciata, 5 
aa. Color golden red with broad cross shades of orange; no black bars or spots. 
aurantiaca, 6 


4. NEOPERCIS SEXFASCIATA (Schlegel). 
TORA-GISU (TIGER KISUGO'), TORA-HAZE (TIGER-GOBY). 

Percis sexfasciata SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 25; Nagasaki.— 
GtNTHER, Cat. Fish., I1, 1870, p. 241 (copied) .—Nysrrom, Svensk. Vet. Akad., 
1887, p. 28; Nagasaki.—IsHrxawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 46; Katsura, Sagami, 
Wakanoura, Kagoshima. 

Parapercis sexfasciatus STEINDACHNER and D6ODERLEIN, Fische Japans, III, 1884, 
p- 22; Tokyo.—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 369; 
Tokyo. 

Head, 32 in length; depth 5$; depth of caudal peduncle 34 in head; 
eye 34; snout 34; interorbital space 143; pectoral 53 in length; ven- 
tral 54; caudal 53; D. V, 23; A, 19; scales in lateral line 60; in 
transverse series 24: between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 5. 

Body elongate, subcylindrical, compressed on caudal peduncle; eye 
high in head, directed obliquely upward; interorbital space narrow, 
concave; snout pointed, its length equal to diameter of eye; mouth 
oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting, lips broad; maxillary concealed, 
extending posteriorly to a vertical through anterior edge of orbit; 
jaws with an outer row of enlarged teeth and an inner band of very 
small ones; yvomerand palatines with small, close-set teeth; gillrakers 
very small, 5+ 11 on first arch; opercle with a weak spine on upper 
posterior edge; edges of opercle and preopercle without denticulations. 

Scales of body, occiput, and sides of head, ctenoid. 

Dorsal fins continuous; fifth dorsal spine longest, about equal to 
length of snout; length of highest rays about 2in head. Anal inserted 
below base of fifth dorsal ray, similar in shape to the soft dorsal, both 
fins, when depressed, extending to base of caudal; pectorals rounded 
posteriorly; ventrals pointed, color, red in life; sides with 4 conspicu- 

ous V-shaped, dusky marks, the color extending on base of dorsal fin; a 
dark band extending from base of pectoral over nape, a dark spot on 
cheek, another on base of pectoral, an ocellated blotch on upper part 
of base of caudal; membranes of dorsal with dusky clouds; anal bor- 
dered with dusky: caudal with 3 or 4 dark vertical bands, which are 


1 Kisugo or Gisu is the name of several slim-headed fishes allied to Si//ago or to 
Pterothrissus. 


468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


conspicuous on the upper edge; ventrals dusky; pectorals without dark — 
color except at base. 

Coasts of Japan, very common in sandy bays from Tokyo south- 
ward. Our many specimens from Tokyo, Awa, Misaki, Onomichi, 
Kobe, Wakanoura, Tsuruga, Suruga Bay, Sagami Bay, Owari Bay, 
and Nagasaki. 

(Sex, six; fasciata, band.) 


5. NEOPERCIS MULTIFASCIATA (Déderlein). 
OKIGISU (OFF SHORE KISUGO); AKATORA-HAZE (RED TIGER-GOBY). 


Parapercis imultifasciata D6pERLEIN, Fische Japans., III, 1884, p. 190, pl. vi, 
figs. 2, 2a; Bay of Tokyo.—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, 
p. 369; Tokyo. 

Percis multifasciata Nystrom, Svensk. Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 28; Nagasaki. 

Head 3% in length, depth 44; depth of caudal peduncle 22 in head; 
eye 34; snout 3; interorbital space 8; pectoral 43 in length; venenl 
45: caudal 5$; D. V, 23; A. 20; scales in lateral line 60; in transverse 
series 25; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 5. 

In shape, this species resembles JV. sexfasciata. Quickly recognized 
differences are the steeper anterior profile, the projecting lower jaw, 
and the deeper caudal peduncle. 

The species differ widely in color. In 1. multifasciata there are 6 
broad, dusky, vertical bands on upper half of body, each band bordered 
before and behind by a narrow bar of dark brown, the border of the 
posterior band forming a large round blotch on upper half of base of 
caudal. Upper half of caudal and posterior part of soft dorsal with 
narrow, dusky, vertical bars, the other fins plain. In large specimens 
the central, dusky color of the vertical bands of body becomes very 
indistinct, the dark borders remaining prominent. Both species are 
red or brownish red in life. 

Coast of Japan from Tokyo to Nagasaki. The specimens described 
were taken in Tokyo Bay. Others were dredged in Owari Bay, in 
Sagami Bay off Enoshima and in Suruga Bay off Enoura, by the 
U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. 

(Multus, many; fasciatus, banded.) 


6. NEOPERCIS AURANTIACA (Déderlein). 
AKA-GISU (RED KISUGO). 
Seppe rcis aurantiaca D6DERLEIN, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 191, pl. mm, figs. 
2, 2a; Tokyo. 

Head 4% in total length; depth 63 to 74; eye 3 to 34 in head; D. V— 

93; A. 21; seales in Tiel line 57 to 60. 
Snout somewhat shorter than diameter of eye; lower jaw slightly 
projecting; maxillary extending to a vertical through anterior part 
of pupil. Opercle with a single, sharp spine. Dorsals continuous, 


no. 1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 469 


the third and fourth spines highest, the first about one-half as long as 
the second, rays about 1? in head, anal rays about 22 in head. Pee- 
toral reaching to insertion of anal, its posterior edge acutely rounded. 
Ventral about 12 in head. Caudal bluntly rounded; cheeks and 
opercle with scales; bases of pectoral and caudal scaled. 

Golden red, with 5 broad orange-yellow bands on body; head yel- 
low and red; fins yellow; posterior part of dorsal with about 3 nar- 
row, oblique, purple bands; caudal with 5 vertical bands (Déderlein.) 

About Tokyo, in rather deep water, taken in the winter. Not seen 
by us. 

(Aurantiacus. orange-colored. ) 


Family I. LEPTOSCOPID &. 


As defined by Boulenger this family differs from Nototheniide in 
haying the hypercoracoid pierced by a foramen. From the Perco- 
phidee it differs in the absence of subocular lamina. The skeleton 
ot Pteropsaron* has not been examined, but it is doubtless an ally of 
Bembrops. According to Boulenger the Callionymide are also related 
to the Leptoscopide. 

a. Body with large, scarcely ctenoid scales; dorsal fins separate: gill membranes 
nearly separate, free from isthmus. 

b. Maxillary with a fleshy flap at its tip; preopercle with two small spines at its 

Bele Opercle: with CWO Spies i. s5o-6-2.-225520 2h 2% cote bac Bembrops, 3. 
bb. Maxillary without flap; preopercle entire; opercle with one distinct spine. 
Pteropsaron, 4. 
So. BEIMBROPS Steindachner: 
3embrops STEINDACHNER, Sitzgber. Wien, LN. XIV, I, p. 211 (Ichth. Beitr., V, 
1876, p. 163, (caudimacula). 
Hypsicometes Gooner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, p. 347 (gohioides). 
Bathypercis? Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, LXII, 1893, pp. 2, 177 
(platyrhynchus). , 

Head strongly depressed, the snout spatulate. Mouth long, subhor- 
izontal. ‘Teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines; maxillary with a 
fleshy flap or barbel at tip. Eyes very large, half lateral. Opercle 
with two spines; angle of preopercle with two small spines, at least 
in Japanese species; preorbital entire; gill opening very long, with 7 
branchiostegals; Pseudobranchiz present. Ventrals jugular. Dorsal 
fins 2, well separated. Belly flattened, back convex. Scales rather 
large, finely ctenoid. 

Small fishes inhabiting depths in Asia and America. 


'The skeleton of Pteropsaron evolans has, since writing this, been examined by Mr. 
Starks and the writer. It has the hypercoracoid with the foramen on its very lower 
edge, but with a ring of bone around it exactly as in Parapercis. It should be placed 
with probably Bembrops, also in the same family with Neopercis and Parapercis. 

* According to Dr. Aleock. Bathypercis platyrhynchus of the Indian Ocean is ident- 
ical with Hysicometes gobioides of the Atlantic, and both belong to the genus Bembrops. 
Hypsicometes gobioides is figured as having the preopercle entire. 


470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


7. BEMBROPS CAUDIMACULA Steindachner. 


Bembrops caudimacula StEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., V, 1876, p. 163; Nagasaki. © 


Head 23; D. VI-14; A. 16; V. 1, 5; P. 28; scales 42; breadth of 
head 2? in its length; snout 33; eye 43; lower jaw projecting; inter- 
orbital very narrow, its width 6 in eye; mouth long, 22 in head; 
maxillary with a rather long flap or filament at its tip, which is just 
before anterior margin of eye; tongue spoon-shaped; snout scaleless; 
subopercle forming a compressed spine ending in a sharp point. 
Spinous dorsal slender, its height a little less than 3 in head; longest 
soft ray 2? in head; base of second dorsal 3 in head, a little shorter 
than anal; ventrals inserted well before pectorals and a little shorter 
than the latter, which are not quite half head; caudal weakly convex; 
lateral line complete, running low. 

Color yellowish brown above, paler below; scales edged with darker; 
sides with diffuse brownish shades along lateral line; membranes of 
first dorsal black; caudal clear brownish yellow spotted with brown, 
an oval blackish spot Just behind its base in the upper half, reaching 
to its posterior margin (Steindachner). 

Japan. Known from one specimen 53 inches long from Nagasaki. 

(Cauda, tail; macula, spot.) 


4. PTEROPSARON Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 
Pteropsaron JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (evolans). 

Body subeylindrical, depressed anteriorly, covered with large cycloid 
scales; lateral line continuous; head depressed, flattened anteriorly, 
the snout produced, broadly spatulate; mouth large, the jaws subequal; 
maxillary without barbel; teeth small, on jaws, the vomer and pala- 
tines smooth; eves very large, largely vertical in range, separated by 
a very narrow ridge; suborbital "very narrow; cheeks and opercles 
scaly; preopercle rounded, entire, but with mucous tubes near its 
edge; opercle with a partly concealed spine before its membranous 
tip; gill rakers obsolete; gill membranes separate, free from the 
isthmus. Dorsal fins separate, the first short, but sometimes greatly 
elevated; second similar to anal; caudal convex; ventrals I, 5, well 
separated, a rhombic area before them, inserted before pectorals, the 
inner rays longest, pectorals normal. Lateral line simple median. 

This genus is allied to Bembrops, from which it differs in the absence 
of a fleshy flap on the maxillary. 

(zrEpov, wing: tapor, a little fish in modern Greek.) 

a. Dorsal spines 6; anal rays 27, the first dorsal and anal greatly elevated. .--evolans, 8. 
aa. Dorsal spines 4; anal rays 22, the first dorsal and anal low ...---- verecundum, 9. 


F no.1263 - JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—J ORDAN AND SNYDER. 471 


; 


8. PTEROPSARON EVOLANS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 34 in length, depth 73; depth of caudal peduncle 47 in head; 
eye 34; snout 3%; interorbital space about 17; pectoral 5 in length; 
ventral 54; caudal 54; D. VI, I, 21; A. 27; scales in lateral line 32; 
in transverse series 8; between lateral line and insertion of spinous 
dorsal 2. 

Body elongate, cylindrical, the caudal peduncle compressed; head 
long, pointed. Eye very large, high in head, directed obliquely 
upward; interorbital space very narrow, flat. Snout pointed, some- 
what spatulate, slightly longer than diameter of eye. Upper jaw pro- 
jecting. Mouth large, the cleft oblique, premaxillary protractile, 


Fic. 2.—PTER( IPSARON EVOLANS, 


maxillary extending posteriorly to center of pupil. Teeth slender, 
sharp, in narrow bands on both jaws; no canines; no vomerine or 
palatine teeth. Gill-rakers on first arch 0+ 9, short, blunt, with 
minute sete. Opercle with a weak, flat, concealed spine, preopercle 
entire. 

Body covered with large, smooth scales; occiput with scales, opercle 
with 4 or 5 large, very thin scales, head otherwise naked. Lateral 
line straight. 

Dorsals widely separated, the first very long and falcate, its height 
a little less than twice the length of head, the first + spines longest, 
the others much shorter; soft dorsal much lower, the highest rays 
contained about two times in head. Anal fin inserted a little anterior 
to insertion of soft dorsal; the first and last rays short, the middle 
ones greatly developed, their height a little more than length of head, 
the distal half of the ionger rays extending beyond. the membranes, 


472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


the free part becoming less as the rays grow shorter. When depressed, 
the rays of the dorsal extend a little farther posteriorly than do those 
of the anal, just reaching base of caudal. Posterior margin of caudal 
slightly convex. Pectorals and ventrals pointed. 

Back with 5 indistinct, broad, dusky cross-bars; spinous dorsal with 
a dusky spot, other fins plain, the dorsal and anal dead white. 

Type No. 50008, U.S. National Museum. Sagami Bay, dredged in 
about 60 fathoms by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer <A/batross. 
Three other specimens similar in size and character were taken in 
Owari Bay. 

(Lvolans, flying away, from the high fins.) 


g. PTEROPSARON VERECUNDUM Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 3,5 in length; depth 74; depth of caudal peduncle 6 in head; 
eye 33; snout 34; pectoral 5{ in length; ventral 44; caudal 54; D. Iv., 
I-17 or more; A. 22; scales in lateral line 30; in transverse series 6; 
between lateral line and insertion of spinous dorsal 2. 

Body elongate, cylindrical. Head very long, snout sharp, some- 
what spatulate, the lower jaw included. Eye large, its diameter 
slightly greater than length of snout, the upper edge projecting above 


FiG. 3.—PTEROPSARON VERECUNDUM. 


contour of head, the interorbital space a mere line between the eyes. 
Mouth large, the cleft somewhat oblique. Premaxillary very pro- 
tractile, maxillary extending to a perpendicular through center of 
pupil. Teeth simple, in narrow bands of two or three rows on both 
jaws; no canines; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gull-rakers on first 
are very small or absent. Opercle with a weak, flat spine, preopercle 
without spines, the edges smooth. 

Body with large, smooth scales; cheeks, opercles, and occiput with 
thin, smooth scales. Lateral line straight, except at anterior part, 
where it is somewhat bent upward. 

Dorsal fins well separated, the distance between them contained 
about 43 times in length of head; the spines of about equal length, 
the fourth a little shorter than the first, which is contained about 6 
times in length of head; the rays higher than the spines, the longest 
contained about 35 times in head. Anal inserted directly below inser- 
tion of dorsal; the rays about as high as those of dorsal; pectorals 
and ventrals pointed. 


no. 1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 473 


Upper parts with 4+ broad, dusky cross-bands, extending over the 
back and downward to the lateral line, the anterior band on nape, the 
posterior one on caudal peduncle; dorsal fin very dark; upper half of 
iris blue black. 

The dorsal and caudal fins are injured, making a correct description 
of their outline impossible; the first dorsal is very low. Perhaps 
older or larger specimens might show vomerine or palatine teeth. 

The type is numbered 50009, U. S. National Museum; collected in 
Suruga Bay, Japan, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross. 
No other specimens were taken. 

( Vereeundus, modest.) 


Family IJ. URANOSCOPID 2. 
THE STAR-GAZERS. 


Head large, broad, partly covered with bony plates. Body elongate, 
conic, subcompressed, widest and usually deepest at the occiput. 
Body either naked or covered with very small, smooth, adherent scales, 
which are arranged in very oblique series running downward and back- 
ward; the scales on the belly inconspicuous or obsolete. Lateral line 
little developed, running high. Eyes small, on anterior and upper 
portion of head, with vertical rings. Mouth vertical, with strong and 
prominent mandible; teeth moderate, on jaws, vomer, and palatines. 
Premaxillaries freely protractile; maxillary broad, without supple- 
mental bones, not slipping under the preorbital. Gill openings wide, 
continued forward; gill membranes nearly separate, free from isthmus. 
Pseudobranchiz present; 6 branchiostegals; 33 gills, a slit behind the 
last; no anal papilla. Spinous dorsal very short or wanting; second 
dorsal long. Anal and pectorals large, the latter with broad oblique 
bases, the lower rays rapidly shortened, most of them branched; ven- 
trals jugular, close together, I, 5, the spine very short, innermost ray 
longest; caudal not forked. Pterygials, according to Boulenger much 
reduced, fused with the hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid, hyperacoid 
with a foramen or fenestra; parapophy ses strongly developed on most 
of the precaudal vertebre, the ribs attached to their upper surface. 
Air bladder absent; pyloric ceca in moderate number. Vertebre 24 
to 26. Carnivorous fishes, living on the bottom of the shores of most 
warm regions. 

a. Uranoscopine. Spinous dorsal separate from soft dorsal of + or 5 pungent species; 
scales present; very small fringes on opercle; no fringed humeral appendage; 
scapular spine long; lips and nostrils fringed; mouth with a retractile filament; 
top of head almost entirely bony, the occipital plate extending forward to the 
SHOE . aa ats AEBS AR See Se see eee Be Se Uranoscopus, 5. 

aa. Spinous dorsal not forming a separate fin. 

b. Ichthyscopine. WHumeral region with a fringed appendage; opercle conspicuously 

fringed; body scaly; chin without appendages; no barbel -... Jchthyscopus, 6. 


474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


bb. Gnathagnine. Humeral region without fringed appendage; opercle not fringed; 
chin with saber-shaped dilatations of the rami of the mandible; no barbels. 
c. Body sealy; preopercle without prominence at the angle; dilatations of lower 


jaw sharp at upper end -\. 20s tence eee cto eee ee ee Gnathagnus, 7. 
cc. Body naked; preopercle with a blunt prominence; dilatations of lower jaw 
Without:sharp) pointiss2 8.25.2 — sae eee eee ee Ariscopus, 8. 


5. URANOSCOPUS, BPianceus: 
Uranoscopus Linn.xvs, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758 p. 250 (scaber). 


This genus includes those Uranoscopide which have the head largely 
bony above, the body scaly, the spinous dorsal developed, a humeral 
spine developed, and a retractile filament in the mouth below the tongue. 

(ovpavos, heaven; o«o70s, looking.) 

a. Seales large, about 36 in lateral series; head and trunk with rosy spots above; 
preopercle with:4 spines... /o2.si. 3-2 |S ee ee oligolepis, 10. 
aa. Seales rather small, 55 to 65 in the lateral line; spinous dorsal black. 

b. Seales 64; head moderate; ground color of body forming brownish reticulations 


around: whitish: spots=¢ 24452 22 aseo Rese eee eee japonicus, 11. 
bb. Seales 56; head very broad; body more robust; ground color forming about 
two dark brown cross shades or broad bands ......-..-.------- bicinctus, 12. 


10. URANOSCOPUS OLIGOLEPIS Bleeker. 
Uranoscopus scaber RicHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 211; Canton (not of Lin- 
nveus ). 
ee is asper SCHLEGEL, Verh. Bat. Gen., XX V, Japan, p. 27; Nagasaki (not 
of Schlegel). 
Uranoscopus oligolepis BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., p. 425, Trig., pl. v., fig. 7; Sumatra, 
Amboina, Nagasaki. 

Head 3; depth 32; D. V.— 18 or 14; A. 13 or 14; P. 16; scales 38. 

‘Body rather elongate, broader than deep anteriorly; eye 5 to 6 in 
head, nearly as wide as interorbital space, no cirri at. the chin; pre- 
opercle with + rough radiating spines; opercle granose; suprascapular 
spine oblique; upper humeral spine sulcate, twice diameter of eye, 
directed toward the middle of the spinous dorsal; dorsal fins near 
together, the soft rays much higher; caudal truncate-convex, not 
longer than head without snout. Color brownish rosy above, pearly 
or rosy below, no dark spots or cross bands; fringes dusky; head and 
trunk above with irregular yellowish or rosy spots; spinous dorsal 
black, yellowish at tip; soft dorsal dusky, with darker shades; anal 
with a median pearly line. 

East Indies, Amboina, Straits of Sunda. One specimen in Bleeker’s 
collection said to have come from Japan. 

According to Bleeker the species differs from Uranoscopus japonicus 
(asper) not only in its scales, but also in the proportions of the height 
of the body, the length and breadth of the head, the number of pre- 
opercular spines, and the length and direction of the upper humeral 
spine. 

(ohzy"0s, few; Aezis, scale). 


oe -  e 


d 


 +-no.1268. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 475 


11. URANOSCOPUS JAPONICUS Houttuyn. 
_ TEMONDAI-OKOSE (OBSERVATORY SCULPIN). 


Uranoscopus japonicus Hourruyn, Holl. Maats. Wet. Harlem, 1782, p. 311; 
Nagasaki.—JorDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 745. 

Uranoscopus asper SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1846,.p. 26, pl. 1x, fig. 1; Nagasaki.— 
RicwHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 211.—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, 
p. 228; Japan.—Nystrom, Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 28; Nagasaki.— 
IsHIKAWA, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 46; Tokio, Kii.—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc. 
U.S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 369; Tokio. 

Head 34 in length; depth, 44; depth of caudal peduncle, 24 in head; 
eye, 54; interorbital space, 5; snout, 7; D. IV—14; A. 13; scales in 
lateral series 64. 

Body robust, fusiform, compressed at caudal peduncle; head flat 
above, snout very short, mouth vertical; length of maxillary contained 
2,1; times in head; teeth small, in a narrow band on upper jaw, in two 
rows on lower jaw, in villiform bands on vomer, palatines, and pharyn- 
geals. Eyes small, located on upper side of head, directed obliquely 
upward. Gill rakers on first arch obsolete, represented by a few small 
bunches of setee. Top and sides of head with moderately rugose bony 
plates; the dorsal plate extending forward between the eyes where it 
is divided by a deep depression; the preorbital plate with a blunt 
spine; preopercle with 3 blunt spines on lower edge, humeral spine of 
varying length, about 3 in head, a small blunt spine above the latter. 
Gill membrane with a fringe. 

Scales small, square, deeply embedded; arranged in about 64 oblique 
rows; occiput, a narrow strip along base of dorsal, breast, belly, and 
a narrow area along anal fin, naked; lateral line extending along base 
of dorsal fin. 

Dorsals separate, the spines very slender, the highest about 4 in 
head; anterior rays highest, 2 in head. Anal inserted below first ray 
of dorsal, the fin-membrane and especially the branched portion of the 
rays fleshy; caudal convex posteriorly; middle rays of pectoral long- 
est; ventrals about 13 in head; a strong spine projecting forward from 
each side of base of fin. 

Color in alcohol, yellowish white, the sides and upper parts brown- 
ish; on the dorsal parts of the head and body the brown color occurs 
in reticulations which map out whitish spots and rings of very irregu- 
lar outline, those in the head much smaller than those in the body; 
spinous dorsal black; soft dorsal with small dusky spots along the rays; 
caudal and pectoral dusky, narrowly edged with white; anal with a 
little dusky color. 

Coasts of Japan, generally common southward, here described from 
a specimen 250 millimeters long from Yokohama. We have many 
other examples from Wakanoura. It was also seen at Hakata, Misaki, 


and Tokyo. 


476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


12, URANOSCOPUS BICINCTUS Schlegel. 
MEGANE-UWO (SPECTACLE FISH). 

Uranoscopus bicinctus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 26, pl. x B; 
Nagasaki.—BLeEkeEr, Act. Soc. Nederl., Il, Amboina, p. 411; Amboyna.— 
Gitnruer, Cat. Fish., I, 1860, p. 228; Japan, China.—Nysrrom, Svensk. 
Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 28; Nagasaki.—IsHixkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 46; 
Tokyo, Kagoshima. 

Head 3 in length; depth 34; depth of caudal peduncle 34 in head; 
eye 6; interorbital space 43; snout 74; D. IV, 13; A. 18; scales in 
lateral series 56. 

This species differs from the preceding in having the plates of the 
head much more rough, the interorbital space and the depression in 
the bony plate wider, and in color. No dark reticulations are present 
except on upper part of head and nape, where they are few and much 
broken up; a broad, dark band passing around body through base of 
spinous dorsal, the band inky black on the sides, dusky below; a large 
black spot below posterior end of base of dorsal; a similar spot on 
cheek; spinous dorsal inky black; soft dorsal, caudal, and pectorals 
dark, the soft dorsal and caudal narrowly tipped with white, the pec- 
torals broadly edged with white; anal dusky, the tips of the rays white. 

Coasts of Japan and southward, not very common. We have a 
specimen about 250 millimeters long from Misaki and a smaller one 
from Wakanoura. 

(Bis, two; cinctus, banded.) 


6. ICHTHYSCOPUS Swainson. 
Ichthyscopus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish., ete., II, 1839, p. 269 (inermis). 

Body robust, covered with small scales which are regularly arranged 
in oblique cross series; head large, entirely mailed above; cheeks 
naked, preopercle unarmed, covered with soft skin, fringed behind; 
humeral projection fringed; lower jaw without dilatations below; no 
filament at the chin or in the mouth; dorsal fin single; the spinous 
dorsal obsolete. 

(iyOus, fish: O@KO7OS, gazer.) 


13. ICHTHYSCOPUS LEBECK (Schneider). 


Uranoscopus lebeck SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 47; (Tranquebar, on a draw- 
ing by LeBeck, sent by the missionary, John). 

Ichthyscopus lebeckii Grit, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 114; name only. 

Uranoscopus inermis Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1829, p. 310, 
pl. rxv; Coromandel, Malabar, Pondicherry.—ScHLeceL, Fauna Japonica, 
1846, p. 27, pl. xa; Nagasaki.—GinrHer, Cat. Fish., I, 1860, p. 230; Cey- 
lon, Madras. 


Head 2# in length; depth 24; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head; 
eye 8$; interorbital space 5; snout 8$; D. 19; A. 16; scales in lateral 
series about 45. 


no.1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 477 


Head very large, deeper and broader than the body, flat above, the 
sides vertical; eyes placed on top of head, directed upward, the diam- 
eter of orbit equal to length of snout; mouth vertical; lips with prom- 
inent transverse ridges, the edges and ends of which are covered with 
small papille; a rather broad band of small teeth on upper jaw: a 
single row of widely separated, flat, sharp teeth on lower jaw; large 
plates with villiform teeth on vomer. Pseudobranchie very small; 
gill rakers absent, the first arch with minute, bony sete; anterior and 
posterior nostrils with large, low, fringed tubes; opercle with a large 
flap posteriorly, the upper part with fringed filaments; two fringed 
flaps, the upper part of which is much the larger, above base of pec- 
toral; their edges meeting, cover a deep depression, forming a tube 
leading from gill chamber; top of head with slightly rugose plates; 
depression between eyes very broad, the plates on either side narrow, 
pointed anteriorly; upper parts of preopercle and opercle with exposed 
rough plates; no spines. 

Seales small, thin, embedded, arranged in oblique rows, the occiput, 
breast, belly, and head naked; lateral line high up on body near base 
of dorsal fin. 

Spinous dorsal absent, there bemg but one weak spine before the 
soft rays; 2 or 3 anterior rays not branched; anal inserted below 
second or third dorsal ray, extending a little farther posteriorly than 
the dorsal; caudal convex posteriorly; pectoral large, the fifth and 
sixth rays longest, the rays below gradually shorter. Rays of anal, 
ventral and of lower part of pectoral much enlarged, fleshy, and with 
wrinkled skin near the tips. 

Color in spirits, upper parts of body including the dorsal fin brow- 
ish, with round, white spots about as large as the orbit, those on dor- 
sal in a row along basal part of fin, those on body in 2 rows, a third 
represented by 2 or 3 spots; head plain brownish above except oper- 
cles and preopercles, which are yellowish white, and the interorbital 
depression where the skin is covered with small, round, white spots; 
caudal dusky with elongate, light spot on its upper half; anal and 
pectorals dusky, bordered with yellowish white. 

Described from a specimen about 300 millimeters long from Ono- 
michi. We have other examples from Wakanoura and Hakata. 

Coast of southern Japan and southward, rather rare. 

(Named for LeBeck, ‘*ardentissimo histori naturalis amatori,” who 
figured for Bloch the dolphins of the Ganges.) 


7. GNATHAGNUS Gill. 


Gnathagnus Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 115 (elongatus). 


Head largely bony above, the bones separated by smooth intervals; 
preopercle with bony cross-ridges, but no sharp spine; no prominence 
at its angle; opercle broad, with radiating striz, its edge not fringed; 


478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


no fringed appendage to shoulder girdle; mouth vertical; lower jaw 
prominent, with a short, saber-like dilatation on each side at the chin; 
these with free pointed tip above; no barbel at the chin or within the 
mouth. Body covered with very small, smooth scales, which are not 
arranged in oblique series; humeral spine obsolete; spinous dorsal 
wanting; soft dorsal rather short; anal longer; ventrals far forward. 
Japan to Australia. 
(vvabos, jaw; ayvos, an old name for Uranoscopus scaber.) 


14. GNATHAGNUS ELONGATUS (Schlegel). 


Uranoscopus elongatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 27, pl. 1x, fig. 2; 
Nagasaki. 
Anema elongatum GtNTHER, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 230 (after Schlegel). 

Head 34 in length; depth 4%; depth of caudal peduncle 3} in head; 
eye 43; interorbital space 34; snout 7; D. 15; A. 16. 

Body elongate, head broader than body, about as deep, the upper 
part flat; eyes near top of head, directed obliquely upward, the 
diameter of orbit greater than length of snout; mouth vertical; teeth 
of upper jaw in a narrow band, those of lower jaw larger, in 2 rows, 
the vomer and pharyngeals with bands of villiform teeth. Pseudo- 
branchie prominent; gill-rakers not present, a few small elevations on 
first arch covered with sete. Anterior nostril with a short, slender 
barbel; anterior part of lower jaw with a sharp, flat spine on each side, 
directed upward; a short, flat, partly concealed humeral spine. Head 
with bony plates, which are rugose or covered with low, radiating 
ridges, the plates with naked spaces between them; preopercle with 
strong ridges, opercle with small, radiating strize; interorbital depres- 
sion broad, its width somewhat less than diameter of eye. 

Body covered with minute scales, which are not deeply embedded, 
the belly and breast naked. Lateral line running along upper part of 
body, abruptly bending downward on caudal peduncle and extending 
on base of caudal fin. 

Spinous dorsal absent, the soft dorsal short; anal inserted much in 
advance of dorsal and extending farther posteriorly, the rays much 
lower than those of the latter, their length about equal to depth of 
caudal peduncle; posterior edge of caudal convex; pectoral broadly 
rounded posteriorly, contained about 48 times in length; ventrals 7 
in body. 

Dusky above, covered with small, round, brown spots on head and 
body, lighter below, without spots; dorsal, anal, and ventrals with a 
little dusky color, the pectorals and caudal dark, lighter on the margins. 

Coasts of Japan, very rare. A single specimen from Aomori was 
presented to us by Mr. Sotaro Saito, curator of the Aomori Museum. 
It is otherwise known from Nagasaki only. 

(Llongatus, elongate.) 


i 


ae 


No. 12683. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 479 


8. ARISCOPUS Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 
Ariscopus JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (iburius). 


This genus is close to Gnathagnus, from which it differs in the absence 
of scales. Minor characters are the stouter form, the absence of a 
sharp point on the saber-like dilatation of the lower jaw, and in the 
presence of a blunt prominence on the angle of the preopercle. 

(p12, an intensive particle; @Ko70s, gazer.) 


15. ARISCOPUS IBURIUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 24 in length; depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 34 in head; 
eye 44; snout 6%; interorbital space 24; D. 12; A. 17; P. 22. 

Body robust, slightly deeper than head, the caudal peduncle deep, 
compressed; head broader than body, flat above, the sides vertical. 
Eyes large, the diameter greater than length of snout, placed high 
up. directed obliquely; interorbital space slightly concave, the width 
ot depression in occipital plate equal to diameter of eye, its posterior 
edge on a horizontal between pupil and posterior edge of orbit. 


Fic. 4.—ARISCOPUS IBURIUS. 


Mouth vertical, maxillary contained 2 times in head, extending pos- 
teriorly to a vertical through pupil, the upper edge sliding beneath 
the preorbital; the lips without fringes; teeth simple, sharp, depress- 
ible, those on the upper jaw in a narrow band, on the lower jaw in 2 
rows anteriorly, a single row posteriorly; villiform teeth on vomer 
and pharyngeals. Gill-rakers represented by a few small elevations, 
the pseudobranchiz prominent. 

Body naked; lateral line running along upper part of body, gradu- 
ally approaching the dorsal median line until the base of last dorsal 
‘ay is reached, where it abruptly bends downward to middle of base of 
caudal fin; head with plates on the top, their surfaces rugose or with 
radiating lines and sides; those on the top without any interspaces, 
fused together into one large plate, extending forward to anterior 
edges of orbits, the posterior edge straight; a row of narrow, rough 
plates extending from eye to upper edge of gill-opening, where it ends 
in a flat humeral spine: suborbital and preorbital plates prominent, 
preopercle with radiating ridges, the angle with a blunt prominence; 


480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


no spines on head; lower jaw with a partly concealed, saber-like 
attachment on either side, as in Gnathagnus elongatus, bat without 
sharp spines; anterior nostril with a large tube, the posterior part of 
which has a slender filament. 

Spinous dorsal absent; median rays of soft dorsal highest, their 
length a little greater than depth of caudal peduncle; caudal trancate 
posteriorly, its length 43 in body; anal inserted in advance of the 
dorsal, the thirteenth or fourteenth ray longest, contained about three 
times in head, the rays when depressed reaching farther posteriorly 
than do those of the dorsal, neither touching base of caudal; pectoral 
rounded, its length 44 in body; ventrals pointed, 2 in head. 

Color in spirits, silvery white, brownish above, with many small, 
dark brown spots separated by narrower interspaces, the spots extend- 
ing forward on head and snout; sides of head with minute, dark 
specks; fins with a little dusky color, the caudal and pectorals darker 
toward their bases. 

Described from a specimen 73 millimeters long, type No. 6544 
Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, from Tomakomaki in 
the province of Iburi, Hokkaido. A second specimen from Voleano 
Bay is in the museum at Hakodate. 


Family IV. CHAMPSODONTID 4. 


We place provisionally in a separate family a single genus, Champ- 
sodon, apparently allied on the one hand to Uranoscopus and on the 
other certainly to the Chiasmodontide with which Dr. Boulenger places 
it. But the real affinities of Chriasonodon are equally uncertain. The 
family characters are included below. 


9. CHAMPSODON Gunther. 


Champsodon GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 102 (voraz). 


Body rather elongate, fusiform, covered with small, rough, warty, 
scarcely imbricate scales; belly naked; head flat above, with vertical 
sides; cheeks and snout scaly; the eyes rather small, high, and near 
together; mostly directed upward; a small cilium over each eye; mouth 
large, very oblique, the lower jaw projecting; both jaws with slender 
teeth of unequal size, some of those below longest; many of them long, 
slender, depressible canines; a few teeth on vomer; none on palatines; 
upper jaw with a double notch at tip; preopercle with a strong, curved 
spine at its angle, the spine about as long as eye; the ascending limb 
with small teeth; opercle rounded, unarmed; preorbital broad, with a 
flat, three-lobed spine. Top of head with a low ridge on each side 
from snout to nape; gill-openings wide, the gill membranes separate, 
free from the isthmus; isthmus long and narrow, not forming a hump, 
gill-rakers slender, of moderate length; gills 4, a slit behind the 


no.1263. JAPAHESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 481 


fourth; suborbitals not dilated; lateral lines 2, the lower curved 
upward over pectoral; both with lateral vertical branches; the cross 
rows of tubes on the back more conspicuous than the lateral lines; 
dorsal fins 2, the first short, the second long, similar to anal; pectoral 
small and narrow, placed high; ventrals I, 5, the middle rays longest, 
inserted before pectorals, but joined to the shoulder girdle by ligament 
only; caudal forked. 

Offshore fishes of the coasts of Asia. 

(Xajupar, crocodile; odovs, tooth.) 


‘ 


16. CHAMPSODON VORAX Giunther. 


Champsodon vorax GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 102; Shore Fishes, 
Challenger, 1880, p. 52, pl. xxi, fig. a; Philippines, Nares Bay, Admiralty 
Islands, Arafura Sea, Ki Islands; Deep Sea Fishes, Challenger, p. 49; Coast 
of Japan, Philippines, etc.—A.cock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1889, p. 381; 
Bay of Bengal.—Goopk and Bran, Oceanic Ichthyology, p. 291. 

Head 33 in length, depth 54; depth of caudal peduncle 44 in head; 
eye 43; snout 33; interorbital space 63, D. V., 20; A. 19 

Body rather elongate, fusiform in outline, compressed laterally, the 
caudal peduncle rather narrow. Head large, about as deep as body, 
the top flat, the sides vertical. Eye placed high in head, directed 
obliquely upward; interorbital space narrow, concave. Snout slightly 
longer than diameter of eye. Mouth oblique, the lower jaw project- 
ing, the upper with a double notch at the tip; maxillary extending 
past eye a distance equal to half the diameter of eye. Teeth long, 
slender, curved, in two series, the inner ones much enlarged; a small 
cluster of slender teeth on each side of vomer; none on the palatines; 
basi-branchials and upper and lower pharyngeals with teeth. Gill 
rakers, long, slender, pointed, 2+ 10 on first arch. Upper part of 
head with 2 small bony ridges extending from snout along upper border 
of eyes, diverging on occiput and ending in a spine on each side at 
upper edge of gill opening; preopercle with a slender, surved, knife- 
like spine at its angle; below this 2 or 3 small spines; upper limb of 
preopercle with minute spines; opercle ending in a soft ciliated flap; 
preorbital broad, with a strong, three-lobed spine. A small cilium 
on upper part of eye. 

Body covered with small, very rough, scarcely imbricate scales, 
except on belly, where there is a naked area; head completely scaled 
except edge of opercle. Two lateral lines, both with vertical branches. 

Dorsal spines slender, weak, the first highest, about 3 in head, the 
others gradually lower. Anal inserted below third dorsal ray, the fin 
when depressed extending as far posteriorly as the dorsal, just reaching 
base of caudal. Caudal fin deeply notched. Pectorals small, their 
length about 25 in head. Ventrals pointed, 14 in head. 

Color dark steel blue above, sides silvery, mottled with darker, tip 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxivy—01 31 


482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


of lower jaw dusky; caudal yellowish, its base blackish; other fins 
rather pale. 

Here described from a specimen 100 millimeters in length from 
Wakanoura. 


East Indian region in rather deep water, north to Japan. Many — 


specimens were collected by us in Waka Bay at Wakanoura. Four 
others were dredged by the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer A/batross 
in Suruga Bay off Enoura. Length 65 to 105 millimeters. - 

( Vorax, voracious. ) 


Family V. TRICHODONTID. 
THE SAND-FISHES. 


Body rather elongate, compressed, naked. Head short, flat on top, 
the sides vertical. Eyes large, high up, but not superior. Mouth 
large, almost vertical; lower jaw projecting, its tip entering the 
profile; lips fringed; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary very broad, 
without supplemental bone, not slipping under the very narrow pre- 
orbital. Teeth moderate, slender and sharp, but not setiform, in 
bands on jaws and vomer; palatines toothless; inner teeth of jaws 
depressible. Gill rakers short, slender; gill membranes narrowly 
united, free from the isthmus. Branchiostegals 5. Gills 4, a slit 
behind the fourth. Pseudobranchiz large. Preopercle with 5 promi- 
nent spines, the 2 upper directed strongly upward, the 2 lower down- 
ward, the middle 1 downward and backward; no barbels; opercle 
small; strongly striate, unarmed; preorbital with spines; no suborbital 
stay. Lateral line obsolete. Dorsal fins separate, the first the larger, 
of numerous slender spines; anal fin elongate, without distinct spines, 
the rays of anterior third of the fin much shorter than the others, the 
beginning of the fin below middle of spinous dorsal; pectorals with a 
very broad, curved, procurrent base; a broad lunate area between 
pectoral and gill opening, nearly covered by the opercle; soft rays of 
dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins all simple; ventrals I, 5, close together, 
thoracic, but behind the pectorals, the middle rays longest; caudal 
lunate, with many accessory rays, on a slender peduncle. Vertebre 
numerous, 48 in typical species. North Pacific; living in sand near 
the shore. The fringed lips and other characters seem to indicate the 
relationship of these fishes with the U/ranoscopida, but according to 
Dr. Boulenger these indications are fallacious and the place of the 
family is next the Latridide. 

a. First dorsal long and rather low, of 14 or 15 spines...-.-.----.--- Trichodon, 10. 
Cop barst dorsal short and high, ofl) sume sierra aes ae Avctoscopus, 11. 


ey Se ee 


ee 


é 


No.1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 483 


On Baler pON (Steller). 


SAND FISHES. 
Trichodon StELLER, in Tilesius, Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, IV, 1811, p. 468 (tri- 
chodon). 
Trichodon Cuvier, Régne Animal, 2d ed., II, 1829, p. 140 (trichodon). 
Characters of the genus included above, the first dorsal long and 
rather low, of 15 spines. One species. 
(4978, hair; odovs, tooth.) 


17. TRICHODON TRICHODON (Tilesius). 
HATA-HATA! (FLAPPER) 


Trachinus trichodon TitEstus, Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, IV, 1811, p. 475, pl. xv, 
fig. 88; Kamchatka.—Patuas, Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, III, 1811, p. 258. 

WDrachinus trichodon Titesius, Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, IV, 1811, p. 406; name 
only. 

Trichodon stelleri Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, p. 154, pl. rvi, 
1829; based on Trachinus trichodon—GUtNTHER, Cat., II, 1860, p. 251—JorDan 
and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 627.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 46; 
Hokkaido. 

Trichodon trichodon JoRDAN and EvERMANN, Fish. N. and M. Amer., III. 1898, 
p. 2295, fig. 806; Herendeen Bay, Monterey, Shumagin Islands. 

Trachinus gasteropelecus Titestus, Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, IV, 1811, p. 466; 
Kamchatka. 

Trichodon lineatus Ayers, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 60; San Francisco; 
D. X V—18; A. 28; P. 23. 

Head from tip of upper jaw, 34; depth 34. D. XIII—I, 18; A. 28; 
P. 22; eye 44 in head, snout 4$; maxillary 2; interorbital 3; pectoral 
14; ventral 1$; height of spinous dorsal 35. 

Body moderately elongate, compressed; dorsal outline slightly con- 
cave and sloping gently upward from snout to dorsal, thence turning 
at a very slight angle nearly straight to caudal; ventral outline well 
rounded from chin to caudal peduncle, the curve much more gradual 
posteriorly; head and body everywhere covered with thin naked skin. 
Mouth large, superior, nearly vertical, the lower jaw projecting, its 
tips entering the profile; lips fringed; maxillary reaching to middle 
of pupil; teeth in 2 or 3 rows, small, sharp, and recurved; teeth on 
vomer; palatines toothless. Eyes placed high, their diameter equal to 
length of snout; interorbital wide and flat, a third wider than eye; 
top of head smooth, sometimes rugose in younger individuals, coy- 
ered with thin smooth skin; anterior nostril ending ina tube; preoper- 
cle with 5 spines, the one at angle largest, the 2 upper ones pointing 
upward and backward, the middle one pointing downward and back- 
ward, the 2 lower ones pointing downward and forward: opercle with 
radiating ridges; gill rakers short and slender, numerous. 

Origin of spinous dorsal behind base of pectoral, its distance from 


1This name denotes the flapping of a bird’s wings. 


484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


snout 3 in body, the spines not varying greatly in length, the last one 
connected by a membrane to the back; soft dorsal well separated from 
spinous, its rays about equal to spines in length, highest in front; anal 
long, its origin nearer to the snout than base of caudal by a distance 
equal to the length of the eye. Pectoral, when spread, broadly 
rounded behind, its lower rays rapidly decreasing in size below, 
reaching well past front of anal; ventrals inserted behind base of 


pectorals a distance equal to % eye, their tips reaching to vent. 


Lateral line running high. Vertebre 17+30=47. 

Yolor silvery, light brown above; a dark brown streak following 
the lateral line, broken up into spots anteriorly; quadrangular, dark 
brown marks along the back at base of dorsals, chain-like markings in 
front of dorsal on nape; snout and tip of lower jaw dark; a dark line 
at lower part of eye; dorsals light, a dark streak along upper part of 
spinous dorsal; pectorals dusky; ventrals and anal colorless. Length 
200 to 250 millimeters. 

North Pacific, on sandy shores, from Bering Sea to Monterey, Cali- 
fornia, and to Hokkaido in Japan; very abundant northward; burying 
in the sand. Here described from a specimen from Herendeen Bay, 
Alaska. (U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross collection.) 

We have seen no Japanese specimens, but Ishikawa records it from 
Hokkaido. 


11. ARCTOSCOPUS Jordan and Evermann. 


Arctoscopus JORDAN and EverMAnn, Check-List Fishes, 1896, p. 464 (japonicus). 
This genus differs from Zrichodon in the short, high, triangular 
spinous dorsal, which is composed of 10 spines. 
(@pPKTOs, northern; OKONOS, gazer; for Uranoscopus.) 


18. ARCTOSCOPUS JAPONICUS (Steindachner). 


HATA-HATA (FLAPPER). 


Trichodon japonicus STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., X, 1881, p. 4; Strielok, near 
Vladivostok, Sitka.—Jorpan, Cat. Fishes N. A., 1885, p. 117. 

Arctoscopus japonicus JORDAN and GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Investig., ITI, 1898, ». 
479; Iturup Island, Kurile Group.—JoRDAN and EVERMANN, Fish. N. and M. 
Amer., ITI, 1898, p. 2297, fig. 867; Iturup Island. 

Head 3% in length, depth 32; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head; 
eye 34; snout 13; interorbital space 63; D. X. 13; A. 31. 

Body deep, greatly compressed, the caudal peduncle narrow. Head 
rather large, the top flat, the sides sloping inward toward the ventral 
part; bones of head thin, cavernous; eye large, its diameter greater 
than length of snout; interorbital space flat, equal in width to pupil; 
preorbital narrow. Mouth almost vertical, the maxillary extending 
about to center of pupil, its length contained about 2 times in head; 
premaxillary protractile; teeth on jaws small, in narrow bands; a 


4 eon 


_ 


—— ee) 


4 
a 


e | 


| 


no. 1263. J 1PANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 485 


small patch on each side of vomer; pharyngeals smooth. Pseudo- 
branchie large; gill rakers on first arch 5+ 14, long and slender. 
Preopercle with 5 large, slender spines, the central and largest one 
being on the angle; preorbital witha small spine which projects down- 
ward; opercle without armature. In our specimens, which are not 
well preserved, no scales can be detected on the head or body.  Lat- 
eral lines single, without branches, passing along upper side of body; 
no trace of a second lateral line can be detected. 

Dorsals widely separated; the first spines highest, about 1? in head; 
base of second dorsal but little longer than that of the first, the rays 
somewhat shorter than the spines, when depressed falling far short of 
base of caudal. Anal fin very long, inserted below eighth dorsal spine, 
extending to base of caudal, the highest rays contained about 34 times 
in head; caudal concave posteriorly; the basal rays extending far for- 
ward on caudal peduncle. Pectorals very large, the length contained 
about 33 times in length of head and body, the posterior edge truncate. 

Color in spirits silvery, with small brownish spots on upper parts; 
arow of elongate, paired spots along the lateral line. Dorsals, caudal, 
and pectorals dusky. 

Described from a specimen from Kushiro about 120 millimeters 
long. 

North Pacific, rare; recorded from Strielok, Sitka, and Iturup Island. 
We have in addition 3 specimens from Kushiro, Hokkaido, and one 
from Tsugaru, near Aomori. The latter is No. 791, Zrichodon sp., of 
Ishikawa’s list, the specimen being presented by the Imperial Museum. 

(Japonicus, from Japan.) 


Family VI. SUILLAGINID. 


Body elongate, little compressed, tapering both ways from the spinous 
dorsal; head rather elongate, conical in profile, the forehead flattened. 
Eyes lateral, submedian, the preorbital very large, concealing ends of 
maxillaries. Mouth small, terminal, the premaxillary little protractile. 
Teeth small, on jaws and front of vomer. Branchiostegals 6; pseudo- 
branchiz present. Preopercle entire, bent inward below, covering 
lower surface of head; opercle small, with a short spine. Skull with 
muciferous cavities as in Sczwnide. Scales small, ctenoid. Lateral 
line simple, slightly curved, continued to base of caudal or slightly 
beyond. Dorsal fins 2, the first short, the second very long, similar 
to anal which has two small spines; caudal emarginate, with rounded 
lobes; pectorals normal; ventrals 1, 5; thoracic fins almost scaleless. 
Vertebre 12 to 16 + 22 to 27. Stomach cecal, pyloric ceca few. 
Air bladder simple. Fishes of the East Indian seas, distantly resem- 
bling the Sczwnide, which are certainly their nearest allies. 

a. Teeth uniform; dorsal spines 11 or 12; soft dorsal similar to anal; scales rather 
Ainslie 90); ventral-spime SlenGer..o602. 2.66 -.5.0-5---+---- Sillago, 12. 


486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


12. SILLAG@O Cuvier: 


Sillago Cuyter, Régne Animal, Ist ed., II, 1817, p. 258 (sihama=acuta). 

This genus includes most of the species of the family, including all 
those with villiform teeth, the soft dorsal and anal similar to each 
other, the scales small, and the ventral spine normal. 

(Name unexplained.) 


a. Seales 68 to 75. 
b. Seales between lateral line and insertion of dorsal in 4 rows; cheek scales cycloid; 
D. XI—I, 20 or 21; A. II, 22 or 23; soft dorsal not spotted .....- sihama, 19. 
bb. Scales between lateral line and insertion of dorsal in 3 rows; cheek scales ctenoid; 
DX al 22 AL TT Zoro eae cee aes eee ee eee eer eens japonica, 20. 
aa. Seales 82 to 86; seven rows above lateral line, scales of cheek ctenoid; D. XII—I, 
22° At 23* sottidorsaltspotteds see sees eee eee eee parvisquamis, 21. 


19. SILLAGO SIHAMA (Forskal). 


KISUGO. 


Atherina sihama ForsKAu, Descript. Anim., ete., 1775, p. 70; Red Sea. 

Platycephalus sihamus SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 60. 

Sillago sihama Ripre.y, Atlas Reise, N. A., p. 9, pl. iil, tig. 1; Red Sea.—GtnrueEr, 
Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 244; Red Sea, Ceylon, Amoy, Philippines, Nepal, 
Malayan Peninsula.—G1L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 504.—JorDANn 
and Snyper, Fishes Formosa, MS8.; Formosa. 

Sciena malabarica SCHNEIDER, Syst. Nat., 1801, p. 81, pl. x1x; Malabar. 

Sillago malabarica Gitu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 504. 

Sillago acuta CuvirR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1829, p. 400; 
Tranquebar, Pondicherry, Bengal, Java. 

Sillago erythrea CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1829, p. 409; 
Red Sea, Suez, Massuah. 

Head, 33 in length, depth, 63; depth of caudal peduncle, 4$ in head; 
eye, 5; snout, 22; interorbital space, 53; pectoral, 7} in length; ven- 
tral, 7}; caudal, 6; D. XI—I, 20; A. I], 23; scales in lateral line, 69s 
in transverse series, 14; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal, 4. 

Body elongate, slightly compressed, the caudal peduncle narrow; 
ventral contour almost straight, the dorsal outline rising evenly and 
gently from snout to dorsal fin; head elongate, the snout long and 
sharp. Eye large, located midway between tip of snout and edge of 
opercle; interorbital space slightly convex. Mouth small, somewhat 
oblique, maxillary contained 4% times in head. Bands of minute, 
simple teeth on both jaws, an outer single row of enlarged ones both 
above and below, but no canines; a broad patch of vomerine teeth 
present. Giull-rakers on first arch, 4 or 5+ 9, short, slender; pre- 
opercle with a few broad, weak spines. 

Body covered with finely ctenoid scales, occiput, cheeks and throat 
with smooth scales, the snout smooth; basal half of caudal with minute 
scales, the other fins smooth. Lateral line complete, passing along 
upper part of body, then bending downward to middle of caudal 
peduncle. 


Nno.1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 487 


Dorsals separate, the spinous dorsal inserted on a line passing a little 
behind base of ventrals, the soft dorsal inserted immediately above 
anal, both fins extending an equal distance posteriorly; caudal notched, 
pectorals and ventrals pointed. 

Color in spirits, plain brownish yellow, a faint trace of dusky on the 
distal parts of the fins. 

Coast of India, from the Red Sea to Japan, generally common; our 
specimens from Tokyo, Tsuruga, Onomichi, and Formosa. It is appa- 
rently much less common than S. japonica, on the coasts of Japan. 
Dr. Gill separates S. malabarica as a distinct species having the soft 
dorsal spotted. Our specimens agree with S. s¢hama in this regard. 

(Sthama, an Arab name.) 


20. SILLAGO JAPONICA Schlegel. 
AOGISU (BLUE KISUGO). 

Sillago japonica ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica Poiss., 1846, p. 33, pl. x, fig. 1; Nag- 
asaki.—BLEEKeER, Act. Nederl. Sooc., Indo-Nederl., III, Japan, p. 11.; Bah, 
III, p. 163; Balii—Gri, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 504.—Srern- 
DACHNER and D6DERLEIN, Fische Japans., III, 1884, p. 24; Tokyo.—Nysrrom, 
Svensk. Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 29; Nagasaki.—Isuixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 46; 
Tokyo, Kishin.—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 369; 
Tokyo. 

Head 34 in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 3% in head; 
eye 44; snout 24; interorbital space 44; pectoral 67 in length; ventral 
7%; caudal 64; D. XI—I, 22; A. II, 28; scales in lateral line 70; in 
transverse series 16; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 3. 

This species closely resembles S. schama, differing from it mainly 
in having the scales of the head ctenoid, and in having larger scales 
above the lateral line, there being but three series between lateral 
line and insertion of dorsal. 

Coasts of Japan and southward to Molucca; everywhere common, 
especially southward from Matsushima; an important food-fish. Our 
specimens are from Hakodate, Matsushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Niigata, 
Tsuruga, Wakanoura, Hiroshima, Onomichi, Kawatana, Hakata, and 
Nagasaki. 

21. SILLAGO PARVISQUAMIS Gill. 

Sillago parvisquamis GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p.505; Kanagawa, near 
Yokohama. 

Head 3% in length; depth 6$; depth of caudal peduncle 4 in head; 
eye 54; snout 24; interorbital space 44; pectoral 7 in length; ventral 
7%; caudal 7; D. XH—I, 22; A. II, 23; scales in lateral line 82; in 
transverse series 17; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 6. 

Sillago parvisquamis is easily distinguished from S. sthama by the 
smaller scales on body, there being a larger number in the lateral line 
and between the insertion of dorsal and lateral line. The scales of the 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


head in this species are ctenoid. Another prominent mark of distine- 
tion is a series of 3 rows of small dusky spots on the rays of the soft 
dorsal. 

Coast of Japan, thus far recorded only from Tokyo Bay, where our 
two specimens were taken. 

(Parvus, small; squama, scale.) 


Family VII. LATILIDZ. 


Body more or less elongate or compressed. Head subconical, the 
anterior profile usually convex; suborbital without bony stay; the 
bones not greatly developed; cranial bones not cavernous; opercular 
bones mostly unarmed. Mouth terminal, little oblique; teeth rather 
strong; no teeth on vomer or palatines; the premaxillary usually with 
a blunt posterior canine, somewhat as in the Labridw,; premaxillaries 
protractile; maxillary without supplemental bone, not slipping under 
the edge of the preorbital. Gills 4,.a long slit behind the fourth; 
pseudobranchiz well developed; gill membranes separate, or more or 
less united; lower pharyngeals separate. Scales small, ctenoid; lateral 
line present, complete, more or less concurrent with the back; dorsal 
fin relatively long and low, usually continuous, the spinous portion 
always much less developed than the soft portion, but never obsolete; 
anal fin very long, its spines feeble and few; caudal fin forked; tail 
homocercal; ventrals thoracic I, 5, close together; pectoral fins not 
very broad, the rays all branched; vertebre in normal or slightly 
increased number (24 to 30). Pterygials long, hour-glass shaped, rest- 
ing on both coracoids. Pyloric cceca few or none. Fishes of the 
temperate and tropical seas, some of them reaching a large size. 
Boulenger places these fishes with the Pseudochromidide, and most 
late writers with the Malacanthide. There is no evidence of any 
close relationship to either, and we provisionally give the group family 
rank. 

a. Latiline.—Soft dorsal and anal moderate, each of 13 to 15 soft rays; preopercle den 


ticulate; scales small; form robust; nape and lips without adipose appendages. 
Latilus, 13. 


13. LATILUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Coryphenoides LackPrDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 176, (houttuynijaponicus) 
(not of Gunner, a genus of Macrouridex of prior date). 

Latilus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1830, p. 368, (argentatus). 
Body rather elongate, compressed, covered with small silvery, finely 
ciliated scales. Mouth borizontal, moderate, the jaws subequal; eye 
large, lateral; jaws with villiform teeth, besides a posterior canine; 
no teeth on vomer or palatines; preopercle serrate, opercle entire. 
Pseudobranchie present. Branchiostegals six. No adipose append- 
age on nape; no appendage to the lips. Dorsal rays about VII-14, 


no. 1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 489 


the fin continuous; anal rays II,11. Air bladder simple; pyloric ceca 
few. East Indies. 
(Name unexplained, perhaps from /afws, broad.) 


22. LATILUS JAPONICUS ( Houttuyn). 


AMADAT (SWEET PERCH OR LADY PERCH), KUSUNA. 


Coryphena japonica Hourruyn, Holl. Maats. Weet. Harlem, XX, 1782, p. 311; 
southern Japan. 

Latilus japonicus JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1901, p. 745 (iden- 
tification of Houttuyn)—Jorpan and Snyper, Fishes of Formosa, MS ; 
Giran, Formosa. 

Coryphenoides houttuynt LAackpEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 176 (after 
Houttuyn). 

Coryphena sinensis LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, pp. 176, 209; on a 
Chinese painting. 

Latilus sinensis JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1901, p. 369; Tokyo. 

Latilus argentatus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1830, p. 369; 
locality uncertain; IX, p. 495, Japan.—ScHLeGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 63, 
pl. xxv, fig. 2; Nagasaki.—BiLeeKer, Verh. Bat. Gen., X XVI, p. 85.— 
Gtnruer, Cat. Fish., II, 1870, p. 252; China.—Nysrrom, Svensk. Vet. Ak., 
1887, p. 29; Nagasaki.—IsHixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 45; Tagato, Nagato. 

Head 32 in length; depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; 
eye 4; snout 24; interorbital space 4; pectoral 33 in length; ventral 
64; caudal 44; D. 21; A. 14; scales in lateral line 70; in transverse 
series 25. 

Body elongate, compressed, the caudal peduncle deep; ventral con- 
tour almost straight, dorsal contour very steep on snout, rounded 
above eye, then passing gently upward and backward to insertion of 
dorsal fin. Eye large, in upper part of head, equidistant from tip of 
snout and posterior edge of opercle; interorbital space convex, sub- 
orbital broader than the diameter of eye. Anterior nostril with a low 
rim. Jaws subequal, the lower slightly included; cleft of mouth 
almost herizontal; maxillary partly concealed by the suborbital, extend- 
ing to a vertical through center of pupil, the length 24 in head; pre- 
maxillaries very protractile. Teeth of the upper jaw in 2 series, an 
outer single row of enlarged teeth, and an inner narrow band of minute 
ones; those of the lower jaws similar, the inner band confined to the 
anterior part of jaw, the outer row extending backward; 1 or 2 of 
the posterior teeth of upper jaw canine-like. Gill rakers on first arch 
(+13, long and slender near middle of arch, becoming very small at 
the ends; pseudobranchiz large. Posterior edge of preopercle finely 
denticulate. 

Body covered with finely ctenoid scales, except on upper anterior 
parts and on breast, where the scales are cycloid; occiput, preopercle, 
and opercle with cycloid scales; those on the occiput very small; inter- 
orbital space, snout, suborbital and jaws naked. Lateral line not 
very distinct, extending along upper part of body on the seventh or 


490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


eighth row of scales below dorsal fin; minute scales extending a short 
distance on base of pectoral, and on the basal half of caudal; mem- 
branes of other fins without scales. 

Insertion of dorsal fin immediately above base of pectoral, the first 
ray somewhat shorter than diameter of eye, other rays gradually longer 
to the third from the last, which is contained about 1? times in length 
of head. Anal inserted below eleventh ray of dorsal, similar in shape 
to dorsal, the longest or next to last ray 1? in head. Caudal subtrun- 
cate, the upper and middle rays slightly longer than the lower ones. 
Pectorals sharply pointed, of peculiar shape; the upper rays consecu- 
tively longer from the upper edge to middle of fin, the ray below the 
long central one abruptly shortened, about one-third the length of the 
latter; the others growing consecutively shorter. Ventrals bluntly 
pointed. : 

‘olor in alcohol, pale pinkish brown with numerous, narrow, dusky, 
vertical bands on upper parts of body. Fins dusky toward the mar- 
gins. 

Here described from a specimen about 290 millimeters long collected 
at Nagasaki. 

In life, the upper parts of head and body are bluish, suffused with 
red, becoming brassy anteriorly, the latter color reflected from other 
parts of body in a less intense degree; dorsal fin suffused with red; 
membranes of anal transparent at base, dead white with a bluish reflec- 
tion on other parts; pectoral similar to anal; ventral suffused with red. 

Shores of China and southern Japan; a common food fish of the clear 
waters, reaching a length of about 600 millimeters. Our numerous 
specimens are from Nagasaki, Wakanoura, Tokyo, and Giran, Formosa. 


Family VII. PSEUDOCHROMIDID 2. 


Head and body oblong, covered with moderate-sized, ciliated scales; 
lateral line interrupted of the two parts, the posterior part lower down; 
cleft of mouth oblique, the lower jaw longest; teeth cardiform; sides 
of head unarmed; preopercle entire; eyes lateral. Dorsal fin single, 
with a few spines in advance. Ventrals thoracic, I, 5; pectoral rays 
branched. Gillmembranes united. No pyloric ceca; pseudobranchie 
and air bladder present. Tropical fishes, perhaps allied to the Ser- 
ranide, having considerable in common with Gramma, Rhegma, 
Plesiops, and other genera with interrupted lateral line. 


a. Palatines without teeth; dorsal spines 2; anal spines 3 .......-...--- Cichlops, 14. 


no.1268. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 491 


14. CICHLOPS Miller and Troschel. 


Cichlops MéLLER and TroscHet, Hor Ichthyol., III, p. 24 (cyclopthalmus). 


Labracinus Scuiecer, Ms., Bleeker, Ac. Neérl. Sci., 1875, p. 5 (eyclophthalmus). 


This genus is separated from Pseudochromis chietly by the absence 
of palatine teeth. 

(Cichla, a» genus of South American river-fishes, from «zyAn, a 
thrush, a name applied to the black Wrasse; @, appearance.) 


23. CICHLOPS CYCLOPHTHALMA Muller and Troschel. 


Cichlops cyclophthalmus Mtuter and Troscue., Hor. Ichth., III, p. 24, pl. rv, 
fig. 1, Sunda Sea.—Ginruer, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 259.—BLEEKsEr, Act. 
Soc. Neerl., 1875, p. 8; Celebes. 

Cichlops japonicus Gti, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 147; Shimoda. 

Dati 25 AL Th, 14 Peo: Vv. 1. bs scales 52: 

The Japanese specimen called Cichlops japonica is close to Cichlops 
cyclophthalma Miller and Troschel, described from the Sunda Sea. 
According to Gill ‘‘it is chiefly distinguished . . . by the position 
of the bases of the ventrals under the lower angles of those of the 
pectorals. The color is tawny, much darker in the centres of the 
scales on the back and on the sides above the pectorals. The posterior 
border of the orbit is margined by a black crescent. The dorsal has 
a few minute black dots. The membranous margin of the preopercle 
presents the appearance of being sustained by rays.” 

A single specimen about 4 inches long was collected at Shimoda in 
Izu, by Dr. J. Morrow, of the expedition of Commodore Perry. It was 
not seen by us. In (. cyclophthalia, said to have the same form, the 
head is 5 in total length with caudal, the depth 44; eye a little less than 
snout, equal to interorbital width. Bleeker regards Cichlops japonica 
as an undoubted synonym of Cichlops cyclophthalma, and we see no 
reason to doubt the correctness of this view. 

(kU«KNos, round; ofan 0s, eye.) 


Family IX. OPISTHOGNATHIDZ. 
THE JAW-FISHES. 


Body oblong or elongate, low, moderately compressed, covered with 
small cycloid scales; lateral line present, straight, running close to the 
dorsal fin, not extending much behind middle of body. Head large, 
naked, the anterior profile decurved, no ridges, spines, or crests above. 
Mouth terminal, horizontal, its cleft usually very wide, the maxillary 
sometimes greatly dilated; supplemental maxillary present; premax- 
illaries protractile; jaws subequal, with conical or cardiform teeth; 
vomer usually with a few teeth; palatines toothless; opercles unarmed; 
no suborbital stay. Pseudobranchie present. Gillrakers rather long; 
gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill membranes somewhat united, free 


492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


from the isthmus. Branchiostegals 6. Air bladder present. No 
pyloric ceca. Vertebre large, about 27 in number. Dorsal fin long, 
continuous, its anterior half composed of slender, flexible spines, which 
pass gradually into soft rays; caudal distinct, rounded or lanceolate; 
tail not isocercal, the last vertebra expanded (27 to 34); anal long and 
low, without distinct spines; ventrals separate, thoracic I, 5, the mid- 
dle rays longest; pectorals fan shaped. Small fishes inhabiting rocky 
bottoms in tropical seas, many of them with bright markings. The 


species are almost everywhere all rarities, living about rocks in deep. 


or shallow water; nowhere abundant. This group is very closely 

related to the Pseudochromidide with which Dr. Boulenger unites it, 

apparently with justice. 

a. Maxillary not of inordinate length, truncate behind, much shorter than head; 
candal. moderate, rounded behind; body oblong, moderately compressed. 


Oo. Dorsal spines allvaimple: 2.253 22 sta. 22 aes eee eee Gnathypops, 15. 
bb. Dorsal fin with the anterior spines transversely forked or Y-shaped; maxillary 
about: halt length:of head. 72. 2. 2232 ee ee eee Stalix, 16. 


15) GINADT Ey POPS Gil: 
Gnathypops Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 241 (mavillosus). 


This genus differs from Opzsthognathus in having the maxillary of 
medium length and truncate behind, not extending to edge of opercle; 
caudal moderate, rounded behind. Dorsal spines all simple and normal. 
Species in form and habit agreeing closely with those of Opisthog- 
nathus. 

(yvabos, jaw; Uo, below; @y7), eye.) 

a. Dorsal, anal and caudal plain, without dark bands; dorsal rays X 14; anal IT, 12; 
scales! G0 2ee S558 8 SSS Sa. oe ne eee ee eo hopkinsi, 24. 
aa. Dorsal, anal, and caudal with dark bands; opercle without black blotch; caudal 


bordered with black; ventrals dark. D.X,11; A. II, 10; scales 48. 
evermanni, 25. 


24. GNATHYPOPS HOPKINSI Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


read 34 in length, depth 43; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; 
eye 33; snout 6; interorbital space 11; D. X, 14; A. II, 12; scales in 
lateral series 60. 

Body compressed, the caudal peduncle deep, dorsal outline of body 
not much elevated. Head large, broader than body, the anterior pro- 
file steep, rounded; snout short, blunt, the jaws equal. Eye large, 
the diameter greater than length of snout, placed high in head and 
anteriorly; directed obliquely upward and forward; interorbital space 
about as wide as pupil, convex. Mouth very large, the maxillary 
extending far beyond eye, its length 14 in head, the upper edge with 
a small supplemental bone, the posterior end of which projects beyond 
edge of maxillary. Teeth in narrow bands on anterior part of jaws, 


+ 


‘~ 


No. 1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN ANY SNYDER. 4 93 


in single rows posteriorly, the outer and the posterior ones enlarged, 
those on the posterior part of the lower jaw fang-like, curved back- 
ward; no teeth on the vomer, palatines, or tongue; pharyngeal teeth 
villiform. Pseudobranchie small, ina small pocket at upper end of 
gill arches; gill rakers on first arch 15 + 26, very long and slender. 

Head naked, the bones without spines, no cirri; body covered with 
very thin cycloid scales, the nape, a narrow area along base of dorsal 
fin, and the breast naked. Lateral line incomplete, extending along 

_base of spinous dorsal, traces of it extending farther back. 

Dorsal fins continuous, gradually increasing in height posteriorly, 
the tenth or eleventh ray highest, contained about 13 times in head. 
Anal inserted below the second dorsal ray, the seventh or eighth ray 
highest, contained about 2 times in head, both anal and dorsal reach- 


oy Py s ie KY we) re 
AREY x 


LEVOB OO K KX re" 
0049900064 XY 
WY Vy EXXKLK RLY oo. 
YOY 


OLE 
XXRRLEXY) 


sao 
vy 


Fic. 5.—GNATHYPOPS HOPKINSI. 


ing when depressed considerably beyond base of caudal fin. Caudal 
rounded, its length 12 in head. Pectorals rounded, 2 in head. 
Ventrals 17 in head, 2 of the rays simple, projecting beyond membrane 
of fin. 

Color in alcohol light olive, brownish on upper part of head and 
cheeks and along back, the dark color extending on base of dorsal: a 
broad, light, longitudinal band on dorsal, the fin bordered with dusky, 
narrowly tipped with white; caudal and pectorals dusky, anal and 
ventrals white. 

The species is represented by a single individual about 80 milli- 
meters long, collected at Misaki and presented by Professor Mitsukuri, 
of the Imperial University. It is numbered type 6541, Leland Stan- 
ford Junior University Museum. 

(Named for Timothy Hopkins, of Menlo Park, California, in recog- 
nition of his invaluable aid in our explorations of Japan.) 


25. GNATHYPOPS EVERMANNI Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


» 


Head 2% in length, depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; 
eye a; mterorpital space’ 12;"snout 74;'D. X, 11; A. II, 10; P. 19; 
scales in lateral series 48; in transverse series LS. 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Body deep, compressed, the caudal peduncle especially so; dorsal 
contour rounded, the ventral line nearly straight. Head large, its 
width greater than that of body. Eyes very large, in anterior part of 
head, directed obliquely upward and forward; interorbital space nar- 
row, concave. Mouth exceedingly large, the maxillary extending 
beyond eye a distance about equal to half its length, contained 14 
times in head, the posterior edge broad, truncate, not slipping beneath 
preorbital; a supplemental bone on upper posterior edge. Teeth long, 
slender in a single row in each jaw; upper jaw with 4 small, curved 
fangs at tip just behind the other teeth; vomer and palatines without 
teeth, pharyngeals with villiform teeth. Pseudobranchiz present; 
gill rakers very long and slender, 11 + 18 on first arch. 

Head naked, without tentacles or spines; body with small eyeloid 
scales, a narrow area on breast naked. Lateral line incomplete, pass- 
ing along upper part of body to near insertion of soft dorsal where 
it ends. 


FIG. 6.—GNATHYPOPS EVERMANNI. 


Dorsal fins united, the spinous dorsal inserted above upper edge of 
gill opening, the posterior rays slightly higher than the anterior ones, 
contained 3 times in head; the rays higher than the spines, the longest 
contained about 17 in head; when depressed, the tips of the posterior 
rays just touch the base of caudal. Anal inserted slightly in advance 
of beginning of soft dorsal, the fin not reaching as far posteriorly as 
does the latter. Caudal acutely rounded, contained 4 times in length. 
Pectoral pointed, 5 in length. Second ray of ventral longest, 44 in 
length. 

Color brownish, each scale edged with darker. A broad blackish 
band along upper part of spinous dorsal, continued along near middle 
of soft dorsal, above this a light band on soft dorsal bordered by a dark 
marginal band. Caudal with a narrow, lunate, vertical light band at 
base, then a broad dark band followed by a light one, and finally a 
terminal dark border. Anal very dark, becoming black along the 
border, an elongate, white area near the center. Ventral dark, the 
membrane between the outer rays white. Pectorals dusky. 


— a ee 


No.1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 495 


Two specimens, one, the type, No. 6542, Leland Stanford Junior 
University Museum, the other in U. §S. National Museum, were 
obtained from the fishermen’s boats at Wakanoura, Kii. They measure 
about 80 millimeters in length. 

(Named for Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, ichthylogist of the U.S. 
Fish Commission. ) 


16. STALIX Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 
Stalix JoRDAN and SNYDER, new genus (/histrio). 


This genus is allied to Gnathypops, from which it is mainly distin- 
guished by the form of the anterior spines of the dorsal fin, which are 
Y-shaped, transversely forked, as described below. The head is short 
and blunt, and the maxillary relatively very short, about half length 
of head. The single known species is Japanese. 

(ora@A1é, a forked stick.) 


26. STALIX HISTRIO Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 32 in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; 
eye 3%; snout 7; interorbital space 11; D. XI, 9; A. II, 11; scales in 
lateral series 48; in transverse series 19. 

Body rather elongate, compressed, the dorsal contour not elevated; 
head a little broader and about as deep as body. Eye very large, placed 


in anterior part of head, directed obliquely forward, the upper rim 


Fic. 7.—STALIX HISTRIO. 


projecting above contour of head; interorbital space narrow, concave. 
Snout blunt, rounded, jaws subequal, the lower slightly shorter than 
the upper. Mouth horizontal, the maxillary extending far beyond 
orbit, its length about 14 in head, truncate posteriorly, a small sup- 
plemental bone on the upper edge. Teeth on the jaws in narrow 
bands anteriorly, the bands narrowing and becoming a single row 
posteriorly; no teeth on yomer or palatians. Giull-rakers on first arch 
8+ 10, very long and slender; pseudobranchiz present. 

Body with medium-sized, thin, cycloid, loosely attached scales; a 
small naked area on nape and on breast and belly, the head naked, 


~ 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


and without spines or cirri. Lateral line incomplete, extending along 
back near base of spinous dorsal. 

Dorsal fins continuous, the spinous dorsal of peculiar structure, the 
five anterior spines forked or Y shaped, the arms of the Y extending 
transversely, the fleshy fin membrane having a lateral fold on either 
side and a convexity along the dorsal surface, conforming to the 
shape of the spines, the posterior spines shaped as usual; soft rays 
higher than the spines, the longest contained about 1% times in head. 
Caudal rounded posteriorly. Anal inserted below beginning of soft 
dorsal, the rays about equal in length to those of the dorsal; when 
depressed both dorsal and anal reach the base of caudal. Pectorals 
rounded, about 1? in head. Ventrals pointed, about as long as the 
pectorals. 

Upper sides with a broad, dusky band extending from gill-opening 
to middle of base of caudal where it is darkest; head dark on the 
upper and anterior surface, the opercle with a broad blackish patch 
extending nearly over its surface; a dark longitudinal band covering 
the greater part of spinous dorsal and extending along basal: half of 
soft dorsal, a narrow light band along base of both fins, a second dark 
band on the soft dorsal, separated from the first by a light space of 
about equal width, the fin with a light margin posteriorly. Caudal with 
two lunate, dusky bands, the fin with a broad light margin. Pecto- 
rals and ventrals immaculate. 

The species is represented by a specimen 62 millimeters long from 
Nagasaki. Type No. 6548, Leland Stanford Junior University 
Museum. 

(istrio= harlequin.) 

SUMMARY. 
Group TRACHINOIDEA. 


Family I. NororHenup. 


1. Parapercis Bleeker. 


— 


pulchella (Schlegel); Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 
. ommatura Jordan and Snyder; Kobe, Tsuruga, Tokyo, Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 
hexophthalma (Ehrenberg). 


GC bo 


2. Neopercis Steindachner. 
4. sexfasciata (Schlegel); Tokyo, Awa, Hiroshima, Misaki, Onomichi, Kobe, Waka- 
noura, Tsuruga, Nagasaki, Suruga Bay, Sagami Bay, Owari Bay. 
5. multifasciata (Déderlein); Tokyo, Owari Bay, Suruga Bay, Sagami Bay. 
6. aurantiaca (Doderlein). 
3. Bembrops Steindachner. 


. caudimacula Steindachner. 


~I 


4. Pteropsaron' Jordan and Snyder. 


(0) 


. evolans Jordan and Snyder; Suruga Bay, Sagami Bay. 
9. verecundum Jordan and Snyder, Suruga Bay. 


‘See footnote on page 469: Pteropsaron is a congener of Parapercis and Neopercis, 
and it is doubtful whether any of these really belong to Notothentide. 


No. 1263. JAPANESE TRACHINOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 49% 


} Family III. Uranoscopip». 


= 5. Uranoscopus Linnzeus. 
10. oligolepis Bleeker. ; 
M1. japonicus Houttuyn; Tokyo, Wakanoura, Hakata. 

12. bicinctus Schlegel; Wakanoura, Misaki, Tokyo. 


6. Ichthyscopus Swainson. 
18. lebeck (Schneider); Wakanoura, Onomichi, Hakata. 
7. Gnathagnus Gill. 
14. elongatus (Schlegel); Aomori. 
8. Ariscopus Jordan and Snyder. 
15. iburius Jordan and Snyder; Tomakomaki. 
Family IV. Cuamprsoponrip™. 
9. Champsodon Ginther. 
16. vorax Gunther; Wakanoura, off Enoura. 
Family V. TricHopontTipz. 


10. Trichodon (Steller). 
17. trichodon (Tilesius). 
11. Arctoscopus Jordan and Evermann. 


18. japonicus (Steindachner) ; Kushiro, Tsugaru, Iturup Island. 
Family VI. SrmuaGinip2. 
12. Sillago Cuvier. 


“19. sihama (Forskal); Tokyo, Tsuruga, Onomichi. 

20. japonica Schlegel; Hakodate, Matsushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Tsuruga, 
Onomichi, Hiroshima, Hakata, Kawatana, Nagasaki. 

21. parvisquamis Gill; Tokyo. 


Family VII. Lattim. 
13. Latilus Cuvier and Valenciennes. 
22. japonicus (Houttuyn); Tokyo, Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 
Group II. PERCIFORM FISHES OF DIVERSE AFFINITIES. 
Family VIII. PseupocHroMIp&. 
14. Cichlops Muller and Troschel. 
23. cyclophthalma Muller and Troschel. 
Family [X. OpistHoGNATHID®. 
15. Gnathypops Gill. 


24. hopkinsi Jordan and Snyder; Okinose near Misaki. 
25. evermanni Jordan and Snyder; Wakanoura. 


16. Stalix Jordan and Snyder. 
26. histrio Jordan and Snyder; Nagasaki. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 


52 


ILLUSTRATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW, UNFIG- 
URED, OR IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SHELLS, CHIEFLY 
AMERICAN, IN THE U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


By Wiruram Hearey Dat, 
Honorary Curator, Division of Mollusks. 


During the last thirty years a large number of species have been 
described by me in various publications which it was, at the time 
of publication, impracticable to figure. There are also a number of 
species described by others which have either been inadequately illus- 
trated, figured in almost inaccessible publications, or not figured at 
all. Of the many undescribed species in the national collection some 
few have been distributed with manuscript names, for reasons which 
seemed sufficient at the time. With the view of suitably illustrating 
these species and eventually preparing an illustrated list or manual 
for American collectors and students, I have been accumulating a store 
of drawings of which the present paper includes a selection. Many 
more, especially species obtained by Mr. and Mrs. Oldroyd in the 
vicinity of San Pedro, California, are reserved for a future occasion. 

With the exception of the first species, a remarkable Malayan 
Nanina, the forms figured are all American, and for convenience are 
divided into three series, including, respectively, the species of land 
shells, the East American marine forms, and the marine species from 
the Pacific coast. 

Some systematic and nomenclatorial notes on the species and genera 
illustrated, and especially on the Buccinine and Chrysodomine so 
richly developed on our northwest coast, are included, together with 
some descriptions of new forms and a review of the northern species of 
the genus Borcotrophon, and it is hoped as a whole that the paper will 
furnish welcome information to many students of American mollusks. 


LANDSHELLS. 
NANINA (MACROCHLAMYS?) DIADEMA Dall. 
Plate XX VII, figs. 1, 2, 3. 
Nanina (Macrochlamys?) diadema Daur, Nautilus, XI, No. 4, Aug., 1897, p. 37. 


Collected in the vicinity of Prang, Malay Peninsula, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. U.S.N.M., 150277. The color is an olivaceous yellow-brown. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXIV—No. 1264. 
499 


500 ‘ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


VITREA RADERI Dall. 
Plate XX VII, figs. 4, 5, 6. 
Vitrea raderi Datu, Nautilus, XI, No. 9, Jan., 1898, p. 100.—Pitssry, Class. 
Cat., p. 26, 1898. 


Collected at Cumberland, Maryland, by Rader, and forwarded to 
the National Museum by Prof. Howard Shriver. U.S.N.M., 107758. 
Shell of a waxen whitish color. The edge of the aperture in the 
specimen figured is slightly defective. 


PUNCTUM RANDOLPHII Dall. 


Plate XX VII, figs. 7, 8,, 9. 


Pyramidula? randolphii Dau, Nautilus, VIII, No. 11, Mar., 1895, p. 130. 
Punctum randolphii Pruspry, Nautilus, [X, No. 2, June, 1895, p. 18; Class. Cat., 
p- 38, 1898. 
Collected near Seattle, Washington, under leaves, by P. B. Randolph. 
The color is a dark reddish brown with silky luster. U.S.N.M., No. 
107542. 


ZONITOIDES (PSEUDOHYALINA) PUGETENSIS Dall. 
Plate X XVII, figs. 10, 12. 


Patulastra? (Punctum?) pugetensis Dati, Nautilus, VIII, No. 11, Mar., 1895, p. 130. 
Pseudohyalina pugetensis Piuspry, Nautilus, IX, No. 2, June, 1895, p. 18. 
Zonitoides milium pugetensis Pruspry, Class. Cat., p. 28, 1898. 

Collected near Seattle, Washington, by P. B. Randolph, under leaves. 
Shell with fine silky sculpture and of a pale greenish yellow color. 
The Pacific coast analogue of the eastern Z. milium. U.S.N.M., 
107541. 

ASHMUNELLA RHYSSA Dall. 


Plate XX VII, figs. 11, 14. 


Polygyra rhyssa Davi, Nautilus, XI, No. 1, May, 1897, p. 2.—Piussry, Class. 
Cat., p. 10, 1898. 
Ashmunella rhyssa Pruspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1899, p. 188. 
Collected in the White Mountains of New Mexico by Rev. KE. H. 
Ashmun. It is of a dark yellowish brown color witha rather rageedly 
rough surface, harsher to the touch than any of the other species of 
this group. U.S.N.M., 107633. 


ASHMUNELLA PSEUDODONTA Dall. 


Plate XXVII, figs. 13, 15; Plate XXVIII, fig. 7. 


Polygyra pseudodonta Datu, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XTX, Jan., 1897, p. 343. 
Ashmunella pseudodonta Prussry, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sei. Phila. for 1899, p. 188. 


> nya 


No, 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 5O1 


Collected at White Oaks, New Mexico, at an altitude of 7,000 feet, 
by Rey. E. H. Ashmun. The types are of a yellowish straw color. 
O-S.N.M., 107611. 


ASHMUNELLA ASHMUNI Dall. 
Plate XX VIII, figs. 4, 6, 9. 


Polygyra ashmuni Dau, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIX, Jan., 1897, p. 342. 
Collected at Bland, New Mexico, at a height of 8,000 feet above the 
sea, by the Rev. E. H. Ashmun. U.S.N.M., 107610. 


HOLOSPIRA (HAPLOSTEMMA) HAMILTONI Dall, 
Plate XXVUI, fies. 2, 11. 


Holospira (Haplostemma) hamiltoni Dau, Nautilus, XI, No. 4, Aug., 1897, p. 38. 
Collected in the Rio Grande Mountains, Brewster County, Texas, at 
a height of 3,500 feet, feeding on Selaginella lepidophylla Spring, by 
James M. Hamilton. The shell is pinkish white with a darker livid 
apex. U.S.N.M., 107759. 
CERES NELSONI Dall. 
Plate XXVIII, figs. 1, 3, 5, 8. 
Ceres nelsoni Dat, Nautilus, XII, No. 3, July, 1898, p. 271. 
Collected by E. W. Nelson at Pilitla, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 
The umbilical region is pale lemon yellow. The rest varies from 
lemon yellow to deep orange, with a minute sculpture of small fine 


elevated threads which tend to break up into granules. U.S.N.M., 


107823. 
SIPHONARIA LINEOLATA Orbigny. 


Plate XXVIII, figs. 10, 13. 


Siphonaria lineolata Orpiany, Moll. Cubana, I, 1842, p. 232, pl. xv, figs. 13, 15. 
Siphonaria naufragum SrEarns, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XV, 1872, p. 23. 
Cuba, Orbigny; St. Augustine, Hemphill; Amelia Island, East 
Florida, Stearns; Jupiter Inlet, etc., Dall. U.S.N.M., 97267. 
Whitish or brownish, with radiating blackish lines conspicuous 
internally, the radial sculpture always fine and close and the form 
very regular for a limpet. The name has been misprinted lineata by 
Beau and Krebs. 


SIPHONARIA ALTERNATA Say. 
Plate XXVIII, figs. 12, 14. 


Patella alternata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1826, p. 215. 

Siphonaria alternata Say, Am. Conch., IV, 1826, pl. xxxvitt.—BINnNeEy’s Say, p. 
192. 

Siphonaria brunnea (Hanley) Jones, Moll. Bermuda, Trans. Nova Scotian Inst., 
II, 1864, Pt. 2, p. 21. 

? Siphonaria picta OrBIGNY (part), Moll. Cubana, I, 1842, p. 231. 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Kast Florida, Bermuda, south to Cubaand west to Yucatan. U.S.N.M., 
94431. 

The figured specimen is from Bermuda, collected by Goode, and is 
what Jones referred to S. brunnea Hanley. It appears to be merely 
a better-nourished, slightly darker-colored geographical race of the 
alternata of Say. If the S. picta Orbigny (1842) comprises only a 
single species, which is not yet certain, this species extends southward 
to Rio Janeiro, Brazil. It is somewhat singular that no good figure 
of Say’s shell is to be found in the whole conchological literature of 
America, though the shell has been known (chiefly by bleached, worn 
specimens) for three-quarters of a century. 


EAST AMERICAN MARINE SPECIES. 
CYLICHNA VERRILLII Dall. 
Plate X XIX, fig. 1. 


Cylichna verrillii Datu, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, Jan. 
1889, p. 54. 


Collected off the coast of North Carolina at various stations in from’ 
50 to 124 fathoms, sand, with the bottom temperatures from 58° to 
75° F., by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Bluish white 
with a nearly translucent periostracum and finely spirally striated. 


U.S.N.M., 94477. 
RETUSA MAYOI Dall. 


Plate X XIX, fig. 2. 


Utriculus mayoi Datu, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, Jan., 
1889, p. 46. 


Collected from the stomach of a haddock at Portland, Maine, by Mr. 
John Mayo. U.S.N.M., 95269. 
Shell solid, yellowish white, with little or no spiral striation. 


UMBRACULUM (HYALOPATINA) RUSHII Dall. 


Plate XXX, fig. 5. 


Umbraculum (Hyalopatina) rushii Dai, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull Mus. Comp. 
Zool., X VIII, 1889, p. 61.—Priissry, Man. Conch., X V1, 1896, p. 185, pl. 1, 
fig. 58. 


Dredged off Great Isaac Light, Bahamas, in 30 fathoms, sand, by 
Dr. WE Rush, 0. 5S. N. * Oss sNeMe oi222: 
The shell is almost perfectly flat and very thin; bluish translucent 
white, dextral with a sinistral nucleus. 
TEREBRA TEXANA Dall. 
Plate X XIX, fig. 8. 
Terebra texcana Datu, Nautilus, XII, No. 4, Aug., 1898, p. 45. 


From the Gulf coast of Matagorda Island, Texas, J. D. Mitchell. 
U.S.N.M., 107373. 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 5038 


Color pale yellowish, with darker yellow or brown flammules. 
Only two imperfect specimens of this fine species are known, both 
from the above locality. 


TEREBRA (SUBULA) FLORIDANA Dall. 


Plate X XIX, fig. 9. 


Subula floridana Dau, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIIT, 1889, 
p- 68. 
Terebra (Subula) floridana Dawu, Bull. 37, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1889, p. 94. 

Key West and Florida Strait, dredged by the U. S. Fish Commis- 
sion steamer A/batross in 45 to 56 fathoms, sand. U.S.N.M., 87222. 
It is of a pale straw color. 

TEREBRA (ACUS) RUSHII Dall. 
Plate XXIX, fig. 6. 
Terebra (Acus) rushii Dai, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, 
1889, p. 64. 

Dredged 5 miles off Cape Florida, in 8 fathoms, by Dr. W. H. Rush, 
Bins. NZ U.S: N:M., 82952. 

It is a small, brilliantly white shell, remarkable for its exclusively 
spiral sculpture. 

CONUS STIMPSONI, new species. 
Plate X XIX, fig. 7. 
Conus stimpsoni Datu, MS., in Coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 


Dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, in 60 
fathoms, off Key West. U.S.N.M., 1073871. 

Shell of about twelve whorls, -as figured, slopes of the spire some- 
what concave, turreted, the nuclear whorl rounded, smooth; the fol- 
lowing four furnished with a beaded keel at the shoulder; this keel 
becomes entire on the subsequent whorls; above the shoulder the 
whorls are slightly concave, the suture appressed, and there are about 
three faint spiral grooves on the concave surface; last whorl with 
shallow squarish channels, as figured. The periostracum is thin, pale 
straw color, finely axially striated. The color of the shell is pinkish 
white, suffused with salmon pink near the shoulder and on the spire 
and base, with a very faint, cloudy band of the same about midway 
between base and shoulder. Altitude of shell, 37 mm. 

The species is named in honor of the late Dr. William Stimpson, 
whose last field work was done in the vicinity of the Florida Strait. 


DAPHNELLA EUGRAMMATA, new species. 
Plate XXIX, fig. 3. 


Dredged at station 2328, off Habana, in 203 fathoms, bottom temper- 
ature 78° F., by the U. S. Fish Commission. U.S.N.M., 107448. 


504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Shell small, yellowish white, with rather coarse spiral channels, sepa- 
rated by narrow, rounded threads crossed by narrow riblets, strong — 
on the upper whorls, on the last fainter, extending axially from the — 
broad concave fasciole to about the middie of the whorl, where they 
become obsolete, substantially as figured. Outer lip not lirate within, 
and no callus on the pillar. Altitude of figured type, 9mm.; maximum — 
diameter, 4 mm. 


ADMETE MICROSCOPICA Dall. 
Plate X XIX, fig. 4: 


Cancellaria microscopica DAL, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, 
1889, p. 131. 
Admete ? microscopica Daut., Bull. 37, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1889, p. 106. 

Campeche Bank, off Yucatan; Florida Strait, and off Fernandina, 
Florida, in 200 to 780 fathoms, U. 8S. Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross and Dr. W. H. Rush. U.S.N.M., 82977. 

The plaits on the pillar are either not fully developed, or, as seems 
more probable, are almost obsolete, as are the inner lirations of the 
outer lip. For this reason it seemed more appropriately placed in 
Admete, though the general appearance is more like that of Z7rigo- 
nostoma in miniature. The largest specimen observed measures only 
4.3 mm. in length. 


‘ahi ipdy MaDe Gage ip ES kaa ch A ee 


~~ 


ee pe > SoH 


AURINIA DUBIA Broderip. 


Plate X XIX, fig. 11. 


Voluta dubia Bropertp, Zool. Journ., II, 1828, p. 81, pl. my, fig. 1. 
Aurinia dubia Dat, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, 1889, 
p- 161. 

North Carolina to the Gulf of Mexico, in 34 to 168 fathoms. 
U.S.N.M., 54544. 

Full synonymy and details of the gross anatomy will be found in the 
Blake report. The shell is so thin and fragile that it is probably 
always destroyed before reaching the beaches when cast up by the 
sea. The color is salmon pink with squarish dark brown spots, very 
much as in the case of Scaphella junonia. The figures of this species 
being hardly accessible to American students, it was thought desirable 
to provide one here. 


MURICIDEA PHILIPPIANA Dall. 

Plate XXIX, fig. 5. 

Muricidea philippiana Datu, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, , 

Mar., 1889, p. 213. . 

Among coral at low water, at Key West, Hemphill, and off Cape 

Catoche, Yucatan, in 20 to 25 fathoms, coral sand, U. 8. Fish Commis- 
sion steamer Albatross. U.S.N.M., 93337. 


——— 


TT 


i 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 505 


This curious shell is of a bluish milky white suffused with pale violet 
or rose on the pillar or in the throat. 


MURICIDEA (PSEUDONEPTUNEA) MULTANGULA Philippi. 
Plate XXX, fig. 1. 


Fusus multangulus Puturert, Zeitschr. fir Malak., V, 1849, p. 25. 
Muricidea hemphilli Dati, Hemphill’s Shells, 1883, p. 327. 
Fusus (Pseudoneptunea) multangulus Kosext, Jahrb. Malak. Ges., IX, 1882, p. 17. 

From Cape Fear, North Carolina, to Florida; Yucatan, and the 
northern Antilles, in shallow water. U.S.N.M., 36030. 

A very elegant shell when in fine condition, whitish with pale brown 
flecks, and often with rosy or purplish suffusion about the aperture. 
It has a fusoid operculum, and when perfect the very thin periostra- 
cum is slightly hispid. 

MURICIDEA OSTREARUM Conrad. 
Plate XXX, fig. 2. 
Murex ostrearum Conrav, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., III, 1846, p. 25. 
Urosalpin floridanus Conrap, Am. Journ. Conch., V, 1869, p. 106, pl. x1, fig. 4. 
Muricidea floridana Dati, Hemphill’s Shells, 1883, p. 326; Rep. Blake Gastr., 
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, 1889, p. 213. 

Florida coast south from St. Augustine and west to Yucatan, low 
water to 13 fathoms, on rocky shores. U.S.N.M., 54491. 

This species is of a grayish color with a livid purplish brown throat. 
It is rather similar to the Uvrosalpinx perrugatus Conrad, which is 
stouter, with two brown spiral bands usually visible in the throat, 
and has a quite different operculum. 


LATIRUS CAYOHUESONICUS Sowerby and Melvill. 
Plate X XX, fig. 6. 
Latirus cayohuesonicus SowerBy and MELVILL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 796, pl. 
XLVI1I, fig. 4. 
Key West and southward among the northern Antilles. U.S.N.M., 
83635. 
This small dark brown species appears to be rather rare. 
SCALA NITIDELLA Dall. 
Plate XXX, fig. 8. 
Scala nitidella Dat., Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, Apr., 
1889, p. 314. 


Fifteen to 30 miles off the coast of North Carolina in about 50 fath- 
oms, sandy bottom, U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, and 
south to the Straits of Florida. U.S.N.M., 83716. 

Brilliantly polished white, liberally blotched with cloudy spots of 
light brown disposed in an irregularly spiral manner along the whorl. 


506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


SCALA SCIPIO Dall. 


Plate XXIX, fig. 10. 


Scala scipio Datu, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, Apr., 1889, 
p- 310. 
Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Vera Cruz, Mexico, in 10 to 16 
fathoms. U.S.N.M., 10694. 
The species is characterized by its livid pink color, glistening sur- 
face, and white varices. 


SCALA (AMAA) MITCHELLI Dall. 


Plate XXX, figs. 3, 4. 
Scala mitchelli Dawu, Nautilus, IX, No. 10, Feb., 1896, p. 112. 


Matagorda Island, Texas, by J. D. Mitchell. U.S.N.M., 132788. 
The shell is yellowish white, with the basal area and a band above 
the periphery dark reddish brown; the sculpture recalls S. magnifica. 


SCALA (CIRSOTREMA) COCHLEA Sowerby. 


Plate XXX, fist 7. 


Scalaria cochlea SowrErsBy, Thes. Conch., Scalaria, 1847, p. 103, pl. xxxv, fig. 142 
(only). 

Scala (Cirsotrema) cochlea Mércu, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1876, p. 
205. 

Off Hatteras, North Carolina, in 124 fathoms, sand, and Gulf of 
Mexico, near Cedar Keys, in 25 fathoms; U.S. Fish Commission. In 
the West Indies, at St. Thomas, St. Croix, Santo Domingo, and Tortola 
(in mud, 1 to 2 feet of water, Swift). U.S.N.M., 93710. 

This fine shell is of a whitish or slightly ferruginous color, with a 
black operculum. It reaches a length of over 40 mm. The specimen 
figured is from the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Sowerby’s 
reference to Loanda, west coast of Africa, in connection with this 
species in the Thesaurus, is regarded by Morch as an error, though it 
is included by Dunker in his catalogue of the Loanda collection of 
Tams. 


SCALA (ACRILLA) RETIFERA Dall. 


Plate XXX, fig. 9. 


Scala (Acrilla) retifera Datu, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VIII, 
1889, p. 312. 
Off the coast of North Carolina, in 49 to 63 fathoms, bottom tem- 
perature 75° F. U.S.N.M., 83733. 
The color of the shell is pale olive, grayish, or whitish, with a white 
callus on the inner lip. 


No. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 507 


PECTEN (PLAGIOCTENIUM) GIBBUS var. AMPLICOSTATUS Dall. 
Plate XXXII, fig. 9. 


Pecten gibbus var. amplicostatus Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., III, Pt. 4, 1898, 
p. 747. 
Coast of Texas and south to Cartagena. U.S.N.M., 106990. 
One valve is usually white, the other of a slaty gray, more or less 
variegated with white and brown. 


LIMA (CTENOIDES) ALBICOMA Dall. 
Plate XXXII, fig. 2. 


Lima albicoma Dau, Rep. Blake Pelec., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XII, No. 6, 
1886, p. 225. 
Off Habana in 115 fathoms, and at Barbados in 100 fathoms. 
U.S.N.M., 62250. 
The color of the shell is grayish white, or with a slight tinge of 
yellow. 
PHILOBRYA ATLANTICA Dall. 


Plate XXXII, figs. 4, 5. 


Philobrya atlantica Dawu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1895, p. 16.—BrErnarp, 
Journ. de Conchyl., XLV, 1897, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 2. 
Spiring Bay, Argentine coast, attached to alge in 58 fathoms. 
U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. U.S.N.M., 97057. 
Bernard, in discussing this species, has not quite clearly understood 
my meaning, when, in my original paper, I compared the nepionic 
valves of this species to a Naiad glochidium. I did not mean that the 
Philobrya passed through an encysted stage in its early development 
necessarily, or that the development of the soft parts before the post- 
nepionic development of the shell was necessarily equivalent to that 
of the naiades, but merely that the nepionic stages of the valves were 
comparable, which is undoubtedly the case, though the resemblance 
may be less close than I was at first disposed to believe. The shell is 
of a purplish color, with an olivaceous periostracum, fimbriated on 
the radial lines, and the young are retained within the maternal shell 
until of a considerable size, this period, perhaps, corresponding to 
the period of encystment in the naiades. 


CRENELLA PECTINULA Gould. 


Plate XX XI, fig. 11. 


Modiola pectinula Goutp, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 127, fig. 85. 

Modiolaria pectinula Govup, Otia, 1862, p. 182. 

Crenella pectinula Stimpson, Checkl. East Am. Shells, p. 2, Smithsonian Mise. 
Coll., 1860. 


508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


a codfish stomachs taken on Georges Banks, Gould; Gulf of St. 
Lawrence, Whiteaves. U.S.N.M., 64097. 

Shell of a bright yellow brown with about forty not very close set, 
rounded ribs, sometimes with a fine intercalary thread, the interior 
nacre white or slightly bluish. 


CRENELLA FABA Miller. 


Plate XX XI, fig. 12. 


Mytilus faba Miuuer, Prodr. Zool. Danica, 1776, p. 250, No. 3015.—Fasrictus, 
Fauna Gronl., 1780, p. 419. 
Greenland and adjacent Arctic seas, Fabricius and others; Labra- f 
dor, Turner; Straits of Belle Isle, Packard; and Mingan, Whiteaves. — 
U.S.N.M., 107638. ‘ 


Shell of a dark livid purple-brown externally, with about seventy 
low, flat radial riblets without intercalary threads; the interior nacre — 
deep purple. I regard this as distinct from C. pectinula on account 
of the differences in color and sculpture; it is also rather less inflated 
than the latter. 


ARCA (FOSSULARCA) ADAMSI Smith, var. CONRADIANA Dall. 
Plate XX XI, fig. 1. 


Arca adamsi var. conradiana Dat, Rep. Blake Pelec., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 
XII, 1886, No. 6, p. 243. 


- Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and southward to the Gulf of 
Mexico and Curacao. U.S.N.M., 92553. 
The shell is of a yellowish white color. 


ARCA (CUCULLARIA) SAGRINATA Dall. 
Plate XXXI, fig. 2. 


Macrodon sagrinata Dau, Rep. Blake Pelec., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XII, 1886, 
No. 6, p. 245. ¢ 
Arca (Cucullaria) sagrinata Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., III, 1898; Pt. 4, p. 659. t 


Gulf of Mexico, in 80 fathoms. U.S.N.M., 6381 


ASTARTE GLOBULA Dall. 


Plate XX XII, fig. 6. 

Astarte smithii var. globula Dati, Rep. Blake Pelec., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., — 

XII, 1886, No. 6, p. 260. 

Off Fernandina, Florida, in 294 fathoms, and in the Antillean region — 

from Barbados westward to Cone Bank, in 50 to 539 fathoms. — 

U.S.N.M., 87722. A 

The in is smooth, not vernicose, and of a pale brown or straw — 
color. 


is No. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 509 


CHAMA LACTUCA Dall. 
Plate XX XI, figs. 8, 10. 


Chama lactuca Dawu, Rep. Blake Pelec., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XII, 1886, No. 6, 
p. 260. 

Dredged by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer //ass/er at Barbados in 

80 to 100 fathoms. U.S.N.M., 64305. 
The shell is of a whitish color with concentric bands of ruddy brown, 
eapuliform and thin; the nepionic shell is claret colored and polished. 
This species has the same capuloid form as the C. nécollon? Daut- 
zenberg, from the Atlantic coast of France in about 65 fathoms; but 
the latter, which was described in 1893, has broad concentric frills on 
both valves whereas the present species has fluted sculpture on the 


upper, and concentric lamine only on the lower valve. 


AGRIOPOMA new section, 
MERETRIX (AGRIOPOMA) TEXASIANA Dall. 
Plate XXXII, fig. 1. 
Cytherea texasiana Datu, Nautilus, V, 1892, No. 12, p. 134. 


Coast of Texas at Galveston and elsewhere. U.S.N.M., 6056. 

Shell white or creamy with a dull surface, rather rudely striated in 
harmony with the incremental lines. 

This resembles JZ. sayana Conrad (=convera Say) in a general way, 
but is more elongated and grows to a far larger size. They belong in 
the same section of the genus characterized by the colorless shell and 
the rude external sculpture for which (as it does not seem to have been 
differentiated hitherto and is perfectly distinguished from the original 
Callista by its superficial characteristics) I propose the sectional name 
of Ayriopoma. 


MERETRIX (TRANSENNELLA) CONRADINA Dall. 


Plate X XXI, figs. 5, 7. 


Cytherea ( Transennella) conradina Dau, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VI, Dec., 1883, 
p. 340. 

In mud between tides at Cedar Keys on the west coast of Florida, 
Hemphill; south to Key West and north along the Atlantic coast to 
Cape Hatteras. U.S.N.M., 91993. 

The shell is white with fine zigzag markings of pale yellow in some 
specimens and occasionally a pink suffusion internally. It belongs to 
a little group of Venerzde which appears to be restricted to tropical 
and subtropical east American waters and recalls Psep/zs of the Pacitic 
coast. They are all of small size but do not appear to be viviparous 
like Psephis, and are especially characterized by the singular system 


510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


of grooves on the internal margins of the valves. These grooves are 
subconcentric but cut the margins more or less obliquely, not in har- 
mony with the lines of growth. The same type occurs in our southern 
tertiaries, and an attempt is made in fig. 7 to illustrate this system of 
marginal grooving. 


MERETRIX SIMPSONI Dall. 


‘ 
; 
; 
% 


Plate XXXII, fig. 3. 
Cytherea simpsoni Dau, Bull. 37, U.S. Nat. Mus., 1889, p. 56 (name only); 
Nautilus, [X, 1895, No. 1, p. 10. 

Tampa, Florida, Charles T. Simpson; Sarasota Bay, Hemphill. 
U.S.N.M., 53792. ; 

Shell with narrow, slightly irregular and feeble concentric ridges, 
surface not polished except over the large ovate lunule which is 
smooth. Colors white or more or less suffused with purple which 
may be very dark internally, a zigzag pattern of yellowish brown fre- 
quently present; pallial sinus ascending, rather large and rounded in 
front; margins entire; escutcheon not delimited. Lon. 16.5; alt. 15.0; 
diam. 8.5mm. ‘The shell is rather solid and the periostracum thin 
and translucent. 


MACTRA RICHMONDI Dall. 


Plate XX XI, fig. 6. 
Mactra richmondi Dawu, Nautilus, VIII, 1894, No. 3, pp. 26, 28. 


Grey Town, Nicaragua, C. W. Richmond. U.S.N.M., 124774. 
The single valve obtained is white but may be somewhat bleached. 


MACTRELLA IHERINGI Dall. 
Plate XX XII, fig. 8. 
Mactrella theringi Datu, Nautilus, X, 1897, No. 11, p. 128. 


San Paulo, Brazil, Ihering. U.S.N.M., 1076392. 
The shell is white with a yellowish silky periostracum and may 
reach nearly 3 inches in length. 


ASTHENOTHARUS HEMPHILLI Dall. 
Plate XX XI, fig. 9. 
Asthenotherus hemphilli Dati, Rep. Blake Pelec., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XII, 
1886, No. 6, p. 308. 
West of Florida in 17 fathoms; Marco, Florida, in 2 fathoms, Hemp- 


hills (US: N:M. 53691. 
Small, yellowish white, with the aspect of a very young [eriploma. 


ed al 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. Su al 


PANDORA (KENNERLEYIA) BUSHIANA Dall. 
Plate XXXI, fig. 3. 
Pandora (Kennerleyia) bushiana Dau, Rep. Blake Pelec., Bull. Mus. Comp. 
Zool., XII, 1886, No. 6, p. 312. 
Tampa, Florida, in 6 fathoms, Charles T. Simpson. U.S.N.M., 61029. 
The shell is white externally and very perlaceous within. 


PANDORA (CLIDIOPHORA) TRILINEATA Say. 
Plate XX XI, fig. 4. 


Pandora trilineata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, p. 261; Am. Conch. 1830, 
let Al jell 106 

Great Ege Harbor, New Jersey, and south to the Gulf of Mexico, 
Say; Cape Hatteras to West Florida, Dall. U.S.N.M., 61028. 

The figured specimen is from Tampa Bay, Florida, in 6 fathoms. 
The species has been generally confounded by the northern collectors 
with the following one. The shell is white, often with a ferruginous 
deposit near the hinge line, and, like the other species of the genus, 
brilliantly nacreous internally. 

PANDORA (CLIDIOPHORA) GOULDIANA Dall. 
Plate XXXII, fig. 7. 
Pandora (Clidiophora) gouldiana Dau, Rep. Blake Pelec., Bull. Mus. Comp. 
Zool., XII, 1886, No. 6, p. 312 (footnote). 

Nova Scotia south to Virginia, in shoal water to 30 fathoms. 
U.S.N.M., 95490, from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Dall. 

This large and rude species has generally been confounded by New 
England collectors with the more delicate and elegant Southern shell. 


WEST AMERICA MARINE SPECIES. 


GCEPHALOPODA. 
ARGONAUTA EXPANSA Dall. 
Plate XX XMM, figs: 1, 2, 3. 
Argonauta expansa Datu, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, Dec., 1872, p. 303. 


Gulf of California, various collectors. U.S.N.M., 61369. 

This fine and very distinct species of argonaut has a finely granular 
surface, with a generally yellowish white coloration, dark burnt brown 
color on the spines and part of the spire, and a livid brown-purple 
suffusion on the two long axial expansions. It appears to be abun- 
dant in the Gulf, and I have never seen a specimen from any other 
region. It has never been figured hitherto, and while a colored plate 
is required to fully exhibit its distinctive characters, I have thought 
that the figures now provided might aid in its recognition. 


51? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


GASTROPCDE 
Genus ACTAON Montfort. 


Subgenus MICROGLYPHIS Dall, 1902. — 


ACTAZON (MICROGLYPHIS) BREVICULUS, new species. 


Shell small, short, plump, yellowish white, with four and a half 
polished whorls; nucleus sinistral but wholly immersed, so that the — 
apex seems as if dextral, smooth; whorls convex, rapidly increasing, 4 
separated by a deep, almost channeled, very narrow suture; sculpture 
of extremely faint, fine spiral striz almost absent in front of the suture 
and growing more distinct anteriorly, not visibly punctate; aperture 
ample, outer lip simple, body with a well-marked callus, continued 
on to the pillar and spreading a little over the base behind the pillar, 
which is concavely arcuate, its anterior edge thickened and expanded 
into a strong spiral plait or lamina behind which on the pillar is a see- 
ond less marked plait; in front of the pillar is a small but distinct 
notch; lon. 3.6; max. diam., 2.25 mm. 

Dredged off Santa Rosa Island, California, in 53 fathoms, sandy mud, 
at station 2902, by the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer <A/batross,; 
bottom temperature, 45° F. U.S.N.M., 109042. 

This little species belongs to a group of chiefly deep water Acteons, 
characterized by a very short spire and globose shell in which the end 
of the pillar is not only truncate as in /¢7cfax7s, but has a marked sul- 
cus behind it and is produced laterally into a rather wide spiral flange 
at maturity, and is concave with a single feeble plait behind the ter- 
minal lamina. Of these, A. perconicus and A. curtulus Dall may be © 
mentioned, the latter, from the western part of Magellan Strait, may 
serve as type for the group which may be regarded as a subgenus of 
Actwon and take the name of Microglyphis. The present species is dis- 
tinguished from A. curtulus by its somewhat more elongate form and 
much less obvious sculpture, beside being somewhat larger and less 
delicate. 


TOLEDONITIA, new genus. 


Shell small, smooth, thin, imperforate, succineeeform; pillar con- 
tinuous with the basal margin of the aperture, straight, but with an 
elevated thin plait near the base of the pillar, which appears to be 
continued into the coil of the shell; nucleus smooth, dextral; soft 
parts unknown. Type, 7! perplexa Dall. 

This little shell has a combination of characters which prevent its — 
being assigned to any known genus. It differs from any of the 
Pyramidellide in its form and dextral nucleus; from the Actwonide 
by its peculiar pillar and dextral nucleus; from immature Lingicula 
by its single plait and general aspect. It 1s not certain even to what 


ey 


No. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELIS—DALL. Sis 


family of gastropods it should be assigned. As it was dredged at a 
considerable depth there seems no reason to doubt it is normally 
marine. 

TOLEDONIA PERPLEXA, new species. 

Shell small, whitish, smooth, except for faint incremental lines; 
suture distinct, whorls plump and rounded, the last comprising nearly 
the whole shell; nucleus smooth, polished, plump, dextral, of a single 
whorl; subsequent whorls three, smooth, inflated, slightly shouldered, 
with a distinct but not channeled suture; last whorl much the largest, 
surface slightly marked by incremental lines, not polished; periostra- 
cum, if any, lost; aperture ample, outer lip thin, simple, rounded in 
front and passing insensibly into the slightly oblique but not twisted 
pillar, with a thin callus on the body and over the imperforate umbili- 
eal region; plait thin, prominent, but not sharp, situated near the base 
of the pillar and apparently continued into the coil of the shell; alt. of 
shell 3.2; of aperture 2.2; max. diam. of shell 2.3 mm. 

Dredged in the Straits of Magellan, east of Punta Arenas, by the 
U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross at station 2778, in 61 fathoms; 
bottom temperature 48° F. U.S.N.M., 109022. 

The most striking features of this puzzling shell are its Swecinea- 
like form and its untruncate straight pillar with a single prominent 
plait. 

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck. 
Section ANTIPLANES Dall. 


Among the deeper water and abyssal forms of this genus are some 
which do not seem to fit into any of the hitherto proposed sections. 
These forms are smooth except for incremental lines and sometimes 
fine spiral striz, the periostracum is conspicuous and the shell dis- 
posed to be chalky, the anal sulcus shallow and more or less rounded, 
usually situated some distance from the suture, but not quite on the 
periphery of the whorl, the canal rather wide and long and often a 
little recurved, the aperture unarmed. There are both dextral and 
sinistral species, and I propose for them the sectional name of Anf/- 
planes. The typical species will be Surcula perversa Gabb, of the 
California Tertiary and recent faunas. 


PLEUROTOMA (ANTIPLANES) PERVERSA Gabb. 


Plate XXXIV, fig. 8. 
Pleurotoma perversa GAs, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., III, 1865, p. 183. 
Drillia perversa GABB, Paleont. Cala., II, 1866, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 10. 

Off San Pedro in 60 fathoms, Cooper; off Lower California in 48 
fathoms, mud, U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross, at station 
2934. he latter is figured here. Also in Pliocene and Pleistocene 
shell beds of San Pedro and San Diego, California. U.S.N.M., 122561. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01-——33 


514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


The original figure of Gabb is very poor. I have figured a speci-— 
men, which has been compared with the original type of Gabb and 
found identical, for comparison with the following species. 


PLEUROTOMA (ANTIPLANES) VINOSA Dall. 


Plate XXXIV, fig. 4. 
Pleurotoma vinosa Datu, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, 1874, p. 253. 


Kyska Harbor, Great Kyska Island, Aleutian chain, and in 17 fath- 
oms, Bristol Bay, Bering Sea, at station 3246, by the U.S. Fish Com- 
mission steamer A/batross. The latter figured. U.S.N.M., 122575. 


PLEUROTOMA (ANTIPLANES) PIONA, new species. 


Shell solid, heavy, with a rapidly tapering spire of seven or more 
rotund whorls separated by a distinct suture; nucleus eroded; surface 
covered with a brown periostracum, smooth except for fine obscure 
feeble spiral lines and the lines of increment; aperture short, rounded 
ovate with a short wide slightly recurved canal; pillar solid, white, 
twisted, obliquely truncate in front; outer lip with a shallow anal sinus 
a little in front of the suture; margin thin, simple. Lon. of shell 41, 
of aperture 19; max. diam. 18 mm. Operculum normal, brown. 

Type specimen dredged by U.S. Fish Commission at station 3644, 
in 96 fathoms, sand; bottom temperature 33° F. U.S.N.M., 109179. 

Range from 41 to 81 fathoms in the southern part of Bering Sea, and 
in from 41 to 110 fathoms south of Aliaska peninsula, in the Pacific. 

A fine solid dextral species, not particularly attractive, but with a 
certain symmetry of form. The two following are also dextral. 


PLEUROTOMA (ANTIPLANES) THALA, new species. 


Shell solid, heavy, with an elongate spire constricted at the sutures, 
and eight or more whorls; nucleus eroded; surface covered with a 
pale apple green periostracum, which fades in time to a greenish gray; 
surface sculptured only by incremental lines, faint spiral lines, a slight 
depression of the anal fasciole, and irregular, feeble, broken, short 
elevated lines which are scattered over the surface and usually directed 
at right angles to the incremental lines; aperture short and narrow, 
with a short and wide canal; outer lip with a deep anal sinuosity, leav- 
ing a slightly depressed fasciole behind it; anterior part of the outer 
lip much produced and rounded, thin and simple; pillar stout, white, 
short, obliquely truncate in front; canal wide, short, slightly flaring; 
base somewhat constricted, with the spiral striz stronger than on the 
rest of the surface. Lon. of shell 40, of aperture 15; max. diam. 12 mm. 
Operculum normal. 

Type specimen dredged off San Luis Obispo, California, by. the 
U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross at station 3195, in 252 
fathoms, mud; bottom temperature 43°.2 F. U.S.N.M., 122568. 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. its 


Range, from the above locality northward to Bering Sea, being 
obtained off the Oregon coast in 277 fathoms, and at Unalaska in 68 
to 85 fathoms. 

This elegant species belongs to the same group as the preceding, and 
is notable for its numerous rounded whorls and deeply constricted 
suture, and when fresh for its peculiar pale green color, which fades 
in a few years, in the cabinet, to a greenish gray. 


PLEUROTOMA (ANTIPLANES) SANTAROSANA, new species. 


Shell elongated, slender, acute, with twelve whorls, of an olivaceous _ 
or pinkish brown; the interior of the aperture of a pale rufescent hue; 
whorls rounded, suture very distinct, sculpture chiefly of incremental 
lines and a faint spiral striation mostly below the periphery; anal 
fasciole limited by slightly raised lines; nucleus small, inflated, smooth; 
aperture narrow, witha short wide canal; pillar solid, short, obliquely 
truncate; outer lip thin, produced, with a deep anal sulcus a little in 
advance of the sutural margin of the whorl. Operculum normal. Lon. 
of shell 36, of aperture and canal 11.5; max. diam. 9 mm. 

Dredged off Santa Rosa Island, California, in 53 fathoms, sand, at 
station 2902, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross in 1889; 
bottom temperature 45° F. U.S.N.M., 109198. 

This elegant species is the most slender and elongated of the group, 
so far as yet known, and is easily distinguished by that character and 
by the number of its whorls from any of the others. 


PLEUROTOMA CIRCINATA Dall. 


Plate XXXVI, fig. 1. 
Pleurotoma circinata Dawu, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, April 1873, p. 62, pl. un, 
fig. 5—AuvRIvILLIus, Vega exp. vet. arb., IV, 1885, p. 353, pl. xu, figs. 1, 2. 
Mangilia ( Aforia) circinata Dau, Rep. Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 
XVIII, Feb. 1889, p. 99. 
Pleurotoma insignis JEFFREYS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. for Aug., 1883, p. 120. 

Captains Bay, Unalaska, in 60 fathoms, Dall; northwestern part of 
Bering Sea in 55 fathoms, Vega expedition. U.S.N.M., 108995. 

This fine species was first figured from a more or less defective 
specimen, but has since been obtained in considerable numbers, living. 
Itis not known from north of Bering Strait, though Jeffreys referred 
it to the Icy Sea of Siberia. The Vega specimens were dredged south- 
west of St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea, in latitude 62° 39’ and west 
longitude 177° 05’. Jeffreys was mistaken in supposing it to be 
inoperculate. 

PLEUROTOMA CALLICESTA, new species. 


Shell small, subelongate, with the aperture shorter than the spire, 
and six or more whorls; white, covered with a pale olive green 


516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


periostracum; nucleus, and possibly a whorl or two more, eroded; 
subsequent whorls somewhat irregular, moderately convex, with a 
well-marked suture bordered in front by a narrow turgid band, in 
front of which again is a shallow rounded anal sulcus which does not 
leave a well-marked fasciole, and is a good deal nearer to the suture 
than to the periphery; in front of the fasciolar region are a series of 
12 or 13 short ill-defined ribs with equal or wider interspaces, becom- 
ing obsolete at the periphery, and which are proportionately sharper 
on the earlier whorls; incremental lines rather prominent and irregular, 
the surface also sculptured with a singular oblique arrangement of 
‘small loops and furrows obliquely irregularly disposed, recalling the 
pattern familiar on bookbinders’ ‘‘combed” marble paper, but less 
regular, which covers the whole shell; pillar a little twisted, straight, 
obliquely attenuated in front, without any marked callus; canal short, 
wide, somewhat recurved; outer lip convexly arcuate, thin, sharp; 
there is a slight thickening on the middle of the pillar, which in the 
interior of the shell may develop into something more prominent. 
Lon. of shell (eroded) 19.3, of aperture 9.0; max. diam. 7.6 mm. 

Dredged off Acapulco, Mexico, in 660 fathoms, ooze, by the U. 8. 
Fish Commission steamer <A/batross at station 3418; bottom tempera- 
ture 39° F. U.S.N.M., 1090380. 

This elegant little shell has a sculpture quite unique, as far as I 
know. The animal has retracted so far that I can not tell whether it 
is operculate or not, but believe it may be so. As there is only one 
specimen and the surface is eroded in spots, I am unable to settle the 
question by having a section made, and the same difficulty prevents 
an investigation into the armature of the pillar, if any exists. 


DRILLIA EMPYROSIA Dall. 


Plate XX XIX, fig. 5. 
Drillia empyrosia Datu, Nautilus, XII, No. 11, Mar., 1899, p. 127. 

Off San Pedro, California, in 20 to 50 fathoms; Oldroyd. 

The shell is yellowish with a burnt sienna brown tint on the later 
whorls ; a paler peripheral band develops white patches where it crosses 
the ribs. Numerous fine specimens have since been dredged by the 
party belonging to the summer laboratory of the University of Cali- 
fornia, at San Pedro. 


CANCELLARIA MIDDENDORFFIANA Dall. 
Plate XX XVIII, fig. 6. 
Admete middendorfjiana Datu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, p. 524; 1886, p. 297. 


North end of Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, Dall. U.S.N.M., 108972. 
This fine and rare species has hitherto been unfigured, 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. Slee 


SCAPHELLA STEARNSII Dall. 
Plate XXXV, fig. 4. 


Voluta (Scaphella) stearnsiti Dau, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, Oct., 1872, p. 270, 
pl. 1, fig. 1. 

Shumagin Islands, Alaska, and westward to Captains Bay, Unalaska, 
in 40 to 100 fathoms. U.S.N.M., 91352. 

The original figure of this species is not very accessible and was 
made from a rather imperfect specimen, hence I have figured a char- 
acteristic individual. 

This fine species is separated by several thousands of miles from its 
nearest congener, and is perfectly distinct from any other. The 
purplish inner layer covered by a porcellanous bluish-white outer 
stratum.is not paralleled among the volutes. Yet with astonishing 
absurdity it has been united with Scaphella ancilla of the opposite end 
of the world by a conchologist of some note, who, it is charitable to 
suppose, has never seen a specimen. 


FUSUS ? (ROPERIA) ROPERI Dall. 
Plate XXXIV, fig. 3. 
Fusus (Roperia) roperi Dau, Nautilus, XII, May, 1898,-p. 4. 


San Pedro, California, in rather deep water, E. W. Roper. Also 
fossil in the Pleistocene of San Pedro, Arnold. U.S.N.M., 151735. 

This singular species is of a ferruginous brown, with the pillar and 
throat whitish, and with narrow brown spiral lines showing on the 
interior margin of the outer lip. 


Family BUCCINID. 
Subfamily BUCCININ 2. 
BUCCINUM ANGULOSUM Gray. 
Plate XX XVII, figs. 1, 2, 3, 6. 


Buccinum angulosum Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, p. 127, pl. xxxv1, fig. 6.— 
Dat, Rep. Int. Polar Exp. to Point Barrow, Alaska, 1885, p. 179, figs. 1-4. 
Buccinum stimpsoni Gouin, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1860, p. 325. 

Shores of the Polar Sea near Bering Strait, Beechey; Point Barrow 
and Cape Smythe, low water to 5 fathoms, Murdoch. U.S.N.M., 
40966, 40967, 122555. 

The Point Barrow report is not generally accessible, and, though it 
contains excellent figures of several of these arctic Buccinums, with 
magnified drawings of the minute sculpture of their surfaces, so 
important for identification, I have thought it desirable to refigure 
several of them here. Most of these arctic Buccinums have two forms 
apparently correlated with sex, the males being in several species far 


518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


smaller, more slender, and less shouldered and flaring at the aperture. 
That the female has to carry the material for the enormous ovicapsular 
mass is a sufficient reason for this difference in form and probably for 
the difference in size. Apart from this, many of the species have 
mutations of the coarser sculpture, which result in very unlike indi- 
viduals. They may be (1) rotund without strong keels or ribs, a state 
which I have called the normal form; (2) with strong spiral keels; 
(8) with strong axial ribs but no keels; (4) with both ribs and keels. 
I have enlarged on this subject elsewhere,’ and will not repeat the 
discussion here, but I may note that the males are relatively few in 
number, and it has been noted by Morse that they hide in rocky 
crevices too small to be entered by the females. At a time when the 
latter are on the sand beaches ovipositing the collector would probably 
find no males with them at all. 

On Plate XX XVII will be found illustrated several of the forms 
referred to. Fig. 3 represents Gray’s angulosum, a female which is 
the form named stimpsont by Gould, strongly keeled and ribbed. 
Fig. 6, variety normale Dall, without keels or ribs, a male specimen. 
Fig. 2 represents a male of the type which carries ribs but no keels, 
and which in the Point Barrow report I called variety subcostatum. 
This specimen is not quite mature and has not formed the reflected 
lip. Lastly, fig. 1 represents a female specimen which has a distinct 
keel, but only faint wrinkles in place of ribs. In like manner fig. 7 
represents the normal form of Buccinum castaneum Dall, and fig. 9 
the carinate form, both being females. The latter when young has 
an astonishing resemblance to a young Chrysodomus liratus. 

In some species I suspect the discrepancy between the sexes is less 
noticeable, but ina keg of some 200 B. hydrophanum Hancock, from 
Baflin Bay, there were only nine males, all dwarfish. 


BUCCINUM PERCRASSUM Dall. 


Plate XX XVII, fig. 4. 
Buccinum (polare var. ?) percrassum Dau in Mart. u. Chemn. Conch. Cab. neue 
ausg., Buccinum (Kohelt), 1883, p. 86, pl. xcr, fig. 5 (not of Posselt, 1898). 
Buceinum percrassum Daur, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1886, p. 216. 

Bering Island, Bering Sea, Grebnitzki. U.S.N.M., 108997. 

This remarkably solid species has an exceptionally large lozenge- 
shaped operculum. ‘The specimen figured by Kobelt was of the type 
with small keels and riblets; that now figured is the normal form. 
The minute sculpture is quite distinct from that of B. ochotense Mid- 
dendorft (L. schrenchii Verkruzen), which is also a rather solid species. 
It is nearest related to B. polare Gray, but I have not found yet any 
intermediate specimens. 


ee 


* Nachrichtsblatt d. d. Malak. Ges., 1882, pp. 118-121. 


Ne a a 


No. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 519 


BUCCINUM PLECTRUM Stimpson. 
Plate XX XVII, fig. 5. 


Buccinum plectrum Stimpson, Rey. North. Buce., Can. Nat. for 1865, p. 374.— 
Kosett, Conch. Cab. Buccinum, p. 83, 1883, pl. xct, fig. 2. 


Bering Strait, in 25 to 30 fathoms, Stimpson; shores of Bering Sea 
and the Aleutian Islands, Dall. U.S.N.M., 34232. 

The specimen figured by Kobelt being imperfect and not very charac- 
teristic, I have represented a fine specimen from Kadiak Island, Alaska, 
no figure being accessible in any American publication. 


BUCCINUM CASTANEUM Dall. 


Plate XX XVII, figs. 7, 9. 


Buccinum castaneum Dau, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., VII, 1877, p. 3.—Kopevr, Conch. 
Cab. Buccinum, p. 84, 1883, pl. xc1, fig. 3. 


Shumagin Islands, Alaska, in 20 fathoms, Dall (normal form); west- 
ern Aleutian Islands ind fathoms, Dall (var. ¢ricarinatum). U.S.N.M., 
108973, 108974. 

I give figures of the two types of this species already referred to 
under B. angulosum. 

This species has a translucent. brown outer coat with fine uniform 
spiral striation. 


BUCCINUM TENELLUM Dall. 


Plate XXXIX, fig. 9. 


Buccinum tenellum Dati, Conch. Cab. neue ausg. Buccinum, 1883, p. 88, pl. 
RGIS 


Cape Etolin, north end of Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, Dall. 
U.S.N.M., 108975. 

Shell small, solid, with about six whorls, a rather acute spire, very 
distinct suture, below which the whorl is pinched or puckered into 
short inconspicuous ribs; surface brownish yellow with a spiral sculp- 
ture of small flat riblets separated by incised lines, the riblets them- 
selves finely uniformly spirally striated; canal short, recurved; 
siphonal fasciole strong, pillar lip callous, the outer lip expanded, sinu- 
ous; not much thickened. Alt., 22.25 mm. 

Though not exhibiting any very striking features, this little shell 
does not fit in with any of the other species of the region well enough 
to permit it to be united specifically. The figure in the Conchylien 
Cabinet was not accompanied by a diagnosis, which I now provide. 


520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


BUCCINUM PICTURATUM Dall. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 8. 


Buceinum picturatum Daun, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VII, Mar., 1877 (p. 3 of extras), 
p. 8; Conch. Cab. neue ausg. Buccinum, 1883, p. 60, pl. Lxxxv, fig. 7. 


Aleutian Islands; the figured type from Kyska Harbor, Kyska 
Island, Dall. U.S.N.M., 108976. 

The shell is of a cream color with pale brown flammulation which is 
apt to fade in cabinet specimens and is not represented on the figure 
of the type, but when the shells are fresh is of a lively color. B. jin- 
markianum Verkruzen, from the northern coast of Norway, is similarly 
painted but differently sculptured. 


Subfamily CHRYSODOMIN A“. 


Genus CHRYSODOMUS Swainson. 


Murex (sp.) Linnzxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 754. 
Fusus (sp.) Brueurere, Encye. Méth., I, 1789, p. xv, pl. cccexxvt. 
Rhombus (sp.) Humpnrey, Mus. Calonnianum, 1797, p. 33. 
Neptunea (sp.) Boren, Mus. Boltenianum, 1798, p. 115; Linx, Beschr. Rostock 
Sammi. III, 1807, p. 117. 
Chrysodomus Swainson, Malac., 1840, pp. 90, 308; type, Murex antiquus Linnzeus. 
Not Chrysodomus G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., 1878, p. 269 (= Beringius 
Dall). ; 
Atractus AGAssiz, Min. Conch., German ed., 1840, p. 44; types, Murex striatus 
(=antiquus Linnzeus) and M. contrarius Gmelin; not Atractus Wagler, 1828. 
>Tritonofusus Beck, Amtl. Ber. d. 24 Vers. deutsch. Naturf., Kiel, 1847, p. 114 
(type, Fusus islandicus Chemnitz); HERRMANNSEN, Ind. Gen., ii, 1849, p. 611. 
>Sipho Mércu, Cat. Yoldi, 1852, p. 104 (examples Fusus isiandicus Chemnitz and 


F. ventricosus Gray); not Sipho Brown, Ill. Conch., 1827, pl. xxxv1, nor 


Fabricius, 1823. 
Neptunea Morcu, Cat. Yoldi, 1852, p. 104 (first species Murex antiquus Linneeus; 
no diagnosis given ). 
<Fusus Mércu, Fort. oy. Gronl. Bléddyr, 1857, p. 13. 
> Tritonofusus Mércu, Fort. ov. Gronl. Bloddyr, 1857, p. 18; not of Beck, 1847. 


>Siphonorbis Mércn, Journ. de Conchyl, XVII, 1869, p. 397 (first species Fusus — 


lachesis Mircn). 

>Tritonellium VALENCIENNES, Comptes Rendus, XLVI, 1858, p. 762 (7. barthi 
Valenciennes). 

>Neptunella Verrii, Inv. An. Vineyard Sound, 1873, p. 639; Am. Journ. Sci., 3d 
ser., VI, 1873, p. 489. (Type, Musus pygmxus Gould). Not Neptunella Meek, 
1864. 

>Siphonella VERRILL, Checkl. Mar. Iny. Atlantic Coast, 1879, p. 20 (new name for 
Neptunella, preoccupied); not Siphonella Hagen, 1851. 


The names Murex, Fusus, Rhombus, Neptunea, stood in early litera- 
ture for a heterogeneous mixture of Prosobranchiate gastropods, and 
the last three were practically synonyms of each other. _Humphrey’s 
anonymous catalogue, without diagnoses or references to literature 
except the almost equally barren Portland catalogue, I have always 
rejected as not properly entering into scientific synonymy, although 


5 
; 
: 
; 


mae. a ee, Sk ee aoe pene 


No. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. EA 


the names have to be cited historically. Any other course would re- 
sult in upsetting many of the best-established names of molluscan 
genera and families with nothing but detriment to science. Bolten’s 
names, having proper references to the literature, do not stand on the 
same footing, but his Veptunea was a heterogeneous assembly con- 
taining much sucha mixture as /usus Bruguiére, with no type selected. 

The recognizable contents of We eptuned Bolten include the following 
genera, which I give in the order in which they have been diagnosed 
by other authors: Wassa (reticulata) Lamarck, 1799; Wassaria (nivea) 
Link, 1807; Zrophon (magellanicus) Montfort, 1810; Monoplex (cau- 
datus) Perry, 1811; Lampusia (rubecula) and Melongena (corona) Schu- 
macher, 1817; Chrysodomus (antiquus aad contrarius) Swainson, 1840; 
Boreotrophon (clathrus) Sars, 1878. So it appears that, even if we 
disregard the absence of a diagnosis and proceed by the method of 
elimination, the present group would not be entitled to the name of 
Neptunea. Wink, in 1807, gave a diagnosis and divided Veptunea into 
two unnamed groups, one equivalent to Massa Lamarck, and the other 
containing the larger forms, with which he included the broad Fasci- 
olarias like 7. trapezium. 

The genus Atractus Agassiz is an exact synonym of Chrysodomus, 
and the name had been used for Reptiles in 1828, and Insects in 1833. 

Beck, in 1847, proposed the name of 77rztonofusus for the elongated 
forms like C. ¢éslandicus, for which Mérch, in 1852, attempted to revive 
the nonhinomial Sz7pho of Klein, which in binomial nomenclature was 
already utilized by Brown. In 1858 Valenciennes proposed to sub- 
stitute for Zritonium Miller, as applied to these forms, the name 
Tritonellium, which is superfluous. 

For another group of this subfamily Gray, in 1857 (January), pro- 
posed the name Strombella with a diagnosis. Strombella, as a nude 
catalogue name, had been published by Schlueter, in 1838, covering a 
number of species of Strombus like S. pugilis, which are of smaller 
size than those he regarded as typical. I have regarded this name as 
not having entered into nomenclature, and therefore not preventing 
the adoption of Gray’s genus; but the present usage seems to be adverse 
to this view, and therefore I now revert to the name Volutopsius of 
Mérch of nearly even date, but which (emended to Volutopsis) was 
adopted by G. O. Sars in 1878 and properly defined. The sy Bonymy 
of this genus is as follows: 


Genus VOLUTOPSIUS Moreh. 


Strombella Gray, Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., 1857, p. 13 (January, type, Fusus nor- 
vegicus Chemnitz), not of ScuLtrer, System. Conchyliensamml., 1838, p. 22. 

Volutopsius Moércu, Fort. ov. Gronl. Bléddyr, April, 1857, p. 13, and Arctic 
Manual, 1875, p. 129 (same type). 

Volutopsis Dat, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, 1873; p. 57—G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. 
Arct. Norv., 1878, p. 268. 


522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM: VOL. XXIV. 


>Pyrolofusus (Beck, MS.) Moércn, Annales Soc. Mal. de Belgique, IV, 1869, p. 20 
(no diagnosis, sole example cited, Fusus deformis Gray ). 
->Helotropis Dauu, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, April, 1873, p. 61. (Type, Neptunea 
harpa Morch. ) 

Subdivisions of this subfamily may be characterized as follows: 
Genus Chrysodomus. Type, C. antiquus (Linneeus). 

Shell large, short-fusiform, smooth or spirally sculptured, some- 
times with rude axial ribbing or nodosities; outer coat of the shell 
subtranslucent, with a darker tint than the inner layers and with the 
periostracum inconspicuous; last whorl longer than the spire, with a 
wide aperture, the outer lip flaring or subreflected; pillar flexuous, 
smooth; body without callosities or liree; the canal rather long, wide, 
and flexuous; animal short and broad, the penis large, usually sickle- 
shaped and with a’small elongated terminal papilla; operculum ovate 
with apical nucleus, nearly closing the aperture; ovicapsules massed, 
either in a heap, as in LBuceinwm, or in a cylindrical erect group. 
The nepionic shell with a rounded, irregular submammillary nucleus 
and rapidly increasing subsequent whorls. The dental formula is 
1:1-°1, the teeth usually tridentate, the central rhachidian cusp and 
outer lateral cusps usually larger, the minor cusps often irregular, 
multiple, or obsolete. The habitat of the genus is in cold water of 
the north temperate or Arctic seas. 

Genus Ecphora Conrad, 1843. Type, /usus quadricostatus Say, 1824. 
Miocene of Maryland. Shell vertically depressed, few whorled, the 
last much the largest; canal short, very deep and narrow with a funic- 
ular large umbilical pit; sculpture of strong spiral ribs. 

I have already shown’ that this curious shell is probably closely 
related to Chrysodomus. 

Genus Tritonofusus Beck. Type, Husus ¢slandicus (Gronovius). 

Shell usually smaller than Chrysodomus, elongate-fusiform, smooth 
or spirally sculptured, axial sculpture feeble or none; outer layer of 
the shell chalky, white, with a conspicuous, often villous. periostra- 
cum; aperture moderate, with the outer lip acute, entire, not reflected 
or flaring; canal narrow, elongate, and more or less flexuous; pillar 
and body smooth; operculum filling the aperture, formed as in Chry- 
sodomus ; ovicapsules solitary, lentiform or hemispherical, attached 
by the whole flat side; nepionic shells small, the apical whorl swollen, 
subglobular, the next succeeding somewhat constricted, and the rest 
regularly increasing. Dentition as in Chrysodomus, the minor cusps 
variable. 

Subgenus Siphonorbis Mérch (Siphonella Verrill). Type, Husus 
lachesis Morch. 

Rhachidian tooth with a single cusp, and laterals with two cusps; 


nepionic shell beginning with a small regular planorboid coil and the. 


1 Trans. Wagner Inst., IfI, 1890, p. 124. 


ee ee ee ee 


— 


a ee 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 593 


subsequent whorls regularly increasing; otherwise as in Z7/tonofu- 
SUS S. 8. 

Subgenus Plicifusus Dall, 1902. Type, /usus kroyert Moller. : 

Shell solid, usually with developed axial ribs and feebler spiral 
sculpture; the aperture expanded and with a wide insinuation behind 
on the outer lip; canal usually short and wide, nearly straight; other- 
wise as in Z7/tonofusus s. 8. 

Subgenus Ancistrolepis Dall... Type, Chrysodomus eucosmius Dall, 
Bering Sea. 

Shell bucciniform, with a short twisted canal and the operculum 
claw-shaped, concave, with apical nucleus; penis on a stout stalk with 
the distal extremity pediform, enlarged, without a terminal papilla; 
dentition as in Chrysodomus, but the radula is degenerate and dispro- 
portionately small. The periostracum is conspicuous and villous. 

Subgenus Mohnia Friele, 1878. Type, /wsus mohnii Friele. 

Shell as in Siphonorbis or Plicifusus, but the whole nepionic shell 
smooth (it is sculptured up to the larval whorls in the other species); 
operculum coiled, pauci-spiral; radula, with one cusp on the rhachidian 
and two oneach lateral tooth; ovicapsules solitary, as in 7ritonofusus. 

Genus Volutopsius Mérch. Type, Strombus norvegicus Gmelin. 

Shell large, solid, with a short spire, ample last whorl and short, 
wide canal, the ovate operculum not closing the aperture in most of 
the species; the nucleus small, swollen, globose; the ovicapsules large, 
solitary, hemispherical, attached by the whole of the broad side, con- 
taining severalembryos. Dentition as in Chrysodomus, but irregular. 

In these forms the shape of the shell does not appear to be corre- 
lated with sex. The sculpture is variable, often rude, sometimes with 
broad obscure axial ribs, but usually almost entirely spiral, varying 
from very fine to coarse in the different species. They are confined 
to the colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere and are especially 
numerous in the region of Bering Sea. 

Subgenus Pyrolofusus (Beck) Moérch. Type, Fusus deformis Gray. 

Shell large, thin, usually sinistral; spirally striated, axially obscurely 
folded, with a very large swollen nucleus; operculum much smaller 
than the aperture, subquadrate; canal short, wide; spire short, last 
whorl much the largest; dentition chrysodomoid, but rather irregular, 
the cusps of the rhachidian tooth small, some of them sometimes obso- 
lete; laterals with the terminal cusps large, the central cusp often 
absent or obsolete; ovicapsules solitary, large, and hemispherical, 
attached as in Volutopsius, containing few embryos. 

The Alaskan species is almost alone among the Chrysodomoid forms 
in exhibiting bright colors (salmon, orange, or rose-pink) in the 
enamel of the aperture. <A pliocene form from Arctic Alaska is dex- 
tral and has a few very strong axial ribs. 


1 Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 709. © 


524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. . VOL. XXIV. 


The following groups have been separated asa subfamily by Fischer 
on account of the edentulous rhachidian plate, but the advisability of - 
this is as yet uncertain. 

Genus Liomesus Stimpson. Type, Buccinum dalei J. Sowerby. 

Shell bucciniform, usually solid, with a short twisted canal, smooth — 
pillar and body, the outer lip thickened but not reflected, the opercu- — 
lum with apical nucleus; periostracum conspicuous, often villous; the 
rhachidian tooth is replaced by an edentulous plate and the laterals 
are simple curved denticles; the ovicapsules are pouch-shaped, solitary 
and pedunculate, attached by the edge of the disk and opening at the 
top. 

Genus Beringius Dall, 1879. Type, Chrysodomus crebricostatus Dall. — 

Shell large, the last whorl ample, the canal short and wide; the — 
nucleus subglobular, followed by a series of nearly equal turns, form- — 
ing a cylindrical tip to the adult shell in most species; operculum — 
small, not fully defending the aperture, somewhat arcuate, subovate, 
with apical nucleus; radula with an edentulous rhachidian plate; ovi- 
capsules large, pedunculate, resembling those of Zéomesus. 

The sculpture in this group varies from smooth to fine spiral stria- — 
tion and even strong spiral ribs, but no species have been observed 
with axial ribbing, unless Chrysodomus kennicottii Dall should prove 
to belong to this group. 

The family Buccinid@ has recently been reviewed by Cossmann?* in 
a memoir in which a large number of new names have been applied to 
fossil forms; but I am unable to regard any arrangement as final 
which does not take into account our knowledge of the relations of 
living species based on the anatomy, ete. 

Troschelia Moérch (1876,+ Boreofusus Sars, 1878), founded on /usus — 
berniciensis, according to the character of the radula is more closely — 
related to /usus than to any of the Buccinoid genera, though, from the — 
form of the shell, often associated with the latter. 


CHRYSODOMUS TABULATUS Baird. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 5. 


Chrysodomus tabulatus Barrp, Proc. Zool. Soe. for 1863, p. 66.—CARPENTER, 2d 
Rep. Brit. Assoe., 1863, p. 604. 

Vancouver Island to Catalina Island (in water constantly deeper 
southward) in 5 to 150 fathoms. U.S.N.M., 15503. 

This species is of a yellowish white color, often with a deeper tint 
in the throat. In its tabulated whorls it is almost unique, the only 
other form being the C. pericochlion of Schrenck, from the Japa- 
nese seas. Its analogue in the Buccinine is found in B. Airasec Pilsbry 
and L. taphriwm Dall, for which I have proposed the section Sulcosinus. — 


1 Essais de Palszeoconchologie comparée, I, Pt. 4, 1901, pp. 96, 136. 


No, 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS oe AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 525 


TRITONOFUSUS HALLII Dall. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 9. 
Sipho hallii Datu, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, April, 1873, p. 68, pl. 1, fig. 3. 


Sanborn Harbor, Nagai, Shumagin Islands, Alaska, W. G. Hall. 
U.S.N.M., 108981. 

This shell is of a white color, covered by a polished, closely adherent 
yellow brown periostracum. It is of a very solid build, with obsolete 
spiral sculpture visible in a good light. 


TRITONOFUSUS (PLICIFUSUS) BRUNNEUS Dall. 


Plate XXXIV, fig. 1. 


Chrysodomus brunneus Datu, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VII, March, 1877, p. 6; Sei. 
Expl. Alaska, Buccinidx, 1879, pl. 1, fig. 4 


North end of Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, near Cape Etolin, in 10 
fathoms; Dall. U.S.N.M., 108984. 

This species is of a rosy brown, with a dull surface and sharp 
sculpture. 


TRITONOFUSUS (PLICIFUSUS) VIRENS Dall. 


Plate XXXVI, fig. 8. 


Chrysodomus virens Dat, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VII, Mar., 1877, p. 6; Sci. Expl. 
Alaska, Buccinidx, 1879, pl. u, fig. 3. 


Kyska Harbor, Aleutian Islands, in 10 fathoms; Dall. U.S.N.M., 
108982. 

The shell is of a brownish color, covered, when fresh, by a polished 
grass green periostracum, which in the cabinet gradually fades. Its 
nearest relative is Ohrysodomus fuscoligatus KE. A. Smith, from Japan. 


TRITONOFUSUS (PLICIFUSUS) RECTIROSTRIS Carpenter. 


Plate XXXIV, fig. 2 


Chrysodomus rectirostris CARPENTER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1865, 
p. 64.—Datt1, Sci. Expl. Alaska, Buccinidx, 1879, pl. 1, fig. 1. 


Puget Sound and the waters around Vancouver Island in 68 fathoms, 
Benner ley and Richardson. U.S.N.M., 4815. 

The shell is white, with a polished Hee brown periostracum and a 
tinge of reddish brown within the aperture. It is frequently eroded, 
especially near the apex, and the long slender canal is frequently 
distorted by fracture and repair. 


526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


TRITONOFUSUS (PLICIFUSUS) SPITZBERGENSIS Reeve. 


Plate XXXVI, fig 7. 


Fusus spitzbergensis Reeve, in Belcher’s Last of the Arctic Voyages, IH, 1855; § 


Neptunea (Sipho) terebralis GouLp, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, Sept., 1860, 4 
p- 326. 3 
Sipho lividus (Mérch) VerRILL, Proc, U. 8. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, p. 238, pl. rx, 4 
fig. 12. 


Spitsbergen and the Arctic and Bering seas. U.S.N.M., 108989. — 

This fine shell was described by Reeve and Gould from the same — 
specimen inthe Cumingian collection. It is, when in perfect condition, — 
more or less marbled with dark reddish brown and lighter patches, 
most conspicuous on the spirals. In weathered specimens the color is 
apt to be lost. The axial sculpture is obsolete, but can usually be dis- 
cerned near the apex. The sinuation of the outer lip, near the body, in 
the adult is profound. The sculpture is somewhat variable and the 
spiral ridges more or less prominent, fewer or more numerous, and the 
shell also varies in slenderness. The specimen figured is from Cape 
Espenberg near Bering Strait. 


TRITONOFUSUS (PLICIFUSUS) ROSEUS Dall. 


Plate XXXVI, fig. 4. 


Chrysodomus roseus Dawu, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VII, 1877, p. 7; Sci. Expl. 
Alaska, Buccinide, 1879, pl. 111, fig. 5. 

Arctic Ocean near Bering Strait, Capt. E. E. Smith. U.S.N.M., 
108985. 

Shell when fresh with a distinct rosy tint, fading in the cabinet to 
white, with a very thin pale olive periostracum. The apex is not 
swollen as in most of the species, but on the other hand is not planor- 
boid as in Siphonorbis. It has a polished periostracum, and all the 
specimens dredged had a commensal sponge attached to the spire. The 
axial sculpture exists only in traces near the apex. 


TRITONOFUSUS (PLICIFUSUS) MARTENSI Krause. 


Plate XXXIV, fig. 6. 


Sipho martensi Krause, Arch. fur Naturg. 1885, p. 287, pl. xvui, fig. 18.—DALL, 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1886, p. 302. 
Chrysodomus martensi Datu, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII, 1884, p. 525. (Name 


only. ) 
Fusus (Euthria) conulus Aurtvitiius, Vega Exp. vet. arb., IV, 1885, p. 354, pl. 
xu, fig. 6. 


Point Barrow and south to St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea, in 12 
to 55 fathoms. U.S.N.M., 108980. 


ee 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 597 


In its blunted form, very short canal, punctate spiral strize and ob- 
scure axial wrinkles near the suture, this species is rather peculiar. 
The shell is white with a brownish substratum and pale gray perios- 
tracum darker in the spiral grooves. The nucleus in all the specimens 
I have seen is defective. 


TRITONOFUSUS (PLICIFUSUS) HERENDEENI Dall, new species. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 10. 


Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands in 50 to 100 fathoms; U.S. Fish 
Commission steamer A/batross. U.S.N.M., 107006. 

Shell with about nine whorls, a slender spire, small but not planor- 
boid nucleus, and pale olive periostracum. It is pinkish white witha 
_ yellowish substr@tum and the periostracum is dull and without polish 
or villosity; lines of growth distinct, spiral sculpture of fine striz 
with wider flattish interspaces, alternately coarser on the base; suture 
deep, the whorl below it often obscurely puckered near the suture; 
canal rather short, wide, and recurved. Alt. 70.0, diam. 28.0 mm. 

This elegant species has been obtained at a number of localities. The 
operculum is normal and rather light colored. The individuals vary 
somewhat in relative slenderness. 


VOLUTOPSIUS TROPHONIUS, new species. 


Dredged south of the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, by the U. S. 
Fish Commission steamer Albatross, at station 3602, in 81 fathoms, 
mud, bottom temperature, 37° F. U.S.N.M., 109167. 

Shell with a short spire and robust body whorl; pale reddish-brown 
and white, with five or more whorls; nucleus of nearly two whorls, 
smooth, inflated, blunt above (diam. 6.5 mm.); a subsequent whorl ir- 
regular, finely spirally striate; after which the whorls develop (on the 
fifth about 22) high, thin, sharp, flexuous varices or lamelle extend- 
ing entirely over the whorl, somewhat irregular, and more or less 
spirally finely striated; aperture ovate, canal short, curved, and very 
wide; pillar thin, concave, short, twisted; outer lip expanded, thin; lon. 
of shell, 66; of aperture and canal, 40; max. diam. 37 mm. 

This very remarkable shell is as profusely covered with lamelle as 
the most ornamented Zyop/hon ,and is the first Northern species of the 
Buccinide to exhibit this kind of ornamentation. 

The writer was looking in a jar of mixed alcoholic mollusks for a 
specimen of Zrophon stuarti Smith, in order to examine the oper- 
culum, and selected this as the largest he had ever seen; but when the 
specimen was freed from a sponge which enveloped it, it was very 
evident that something quite distinct from any Zrophon was in hand. 
The operculum is as usual in the genus, also the verge and other 
organs. 


528 PROCEEDIN GS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


The specimen is obviously not fully mature, and must reach a larger 
size than that indicated by the measurements above given. 


VOLUTOPSIUS (BERINGII Middendorff var.?) KOBELTI Dall. 
Plate XX XV, fig. 2. 


? Tritonium (Fusus) behringii Mippenporrr, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., VII, 1848, 
No. 16, p. 3; Beitr. Mal. Ross., II, 1849, p. 147, pl. m1, figs. 5, 6. 

Neptunea behringii (ex parte) Koseir, Mart. Chemn. Conch. Cab., Neue Ausg. 
Pyrula et Fusus, 1881, p. 67, pl. xu, figs. 2, 3. 

Strombella beringi Dau, Sci. Expl. Alaska, Buccinidx, 1879, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

Pribiloff Islands, Bering Sea, and also at Nunivak Island. U.S.N.M., 
108990. 

The rarity of the specimens of this genus from the Pacific, Arctic, 
and Bering Sea, and the beach-worn condition of most of those 
obtained have led in the past to much confusion among the described 
species. Thus V. castanea, V. beringii, Beringius kennicotti, V. 
malleatus, and the present form have all been regarded as forms of 
one protean species by the few naturalists in Europe who have con- 
sidered them at all. Now that fair series of these species have been 
obtained by the writer and the U. 8. Fish Commission, a better 
discrimination is possible. Middendorffs Zritonium behringti (mel. 
beringii, to agree with the name of the explorer as properly spelled) 
was based on a beach-worn specimen obtained in Bering Sea at St. 
Paul Island: by Wossnessenski. Nothing like it came under my notice 
for years, and having obtained specimens such as the one now figured 
I supposed the original type to be mereiy a somewhat abnormal 
specimen, and communicated my idea to Dr. Kobelt who figured 
specimens under Middendorft’s name, also copying his figure. Lately, 
however, I have received a young specimen from St. Paul which 
agrees exactly with the characteristics of Middendorff’s type. It is 
perfectly smooth, massively heavy and solid, and with very prominent 
solid ribs. I have no doubt it should be referred to V. beringiz, and 
that it is probably distinct from the form which I now propose to call 
after Dr. Kobelt and have figured. 

Beringius (or Volutopsius) kennicottii Dall is distinguished from all 
the other species by its more regular and numerous axial ribs and 
especially by the fine, close, wavy, spiral striation with which it is 
entirely covered. V. castanews Morch has no spiral sculpture what- 
ever, and is otherwise sufficiently distinct. V. kobelti has the usual 
basal striation, but above the base the spirals when present are coarse, 
obsolete, sparse, and irregular. V. beringiz Middendorff is absolutely 
smooth, except near the canal. The axial waves (they can hardly be 
valled ribs) of V. Aobelté are feeble and irregular, the shell is relatively 
thin and light compared with V. bering77, and has much coarser incre- 
mental lines, more acute and rather higher spire, and a less effuse 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 529 


\ 


aperture. I am very confident that the receipt of adult specimens 
of V. bering? will confirm my present opinion of the specific distine- 
tion of the two forms. 


VOLUTOPSIUS CASTANEUS Morch. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 2. 
Neptunea castanea M6rcu, Novit. Conch., 1858, p. 7. 
Neptunea badia Mércu, Novit. Conch., 1858, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2. 
Strombella castanea Dau, Sci. Expl. Alaska, Buccinide, 1879, pl. 1, figs. 4, 4a. 

Aleutian Islands and eastward to Kadiak, in shallow water. 
U.S.N.M., 108991. 

An abundant species, usually of a livid brown color, rarely white, 
and with no visible periostracum. The surface is always rude, irreg- 
ularly wrinkled, and destitute of any spiral sculpture. Moérch gave | 
one name to it in the text of the Novitates, which I have adopted, but 
another appears by some error on the legend of the simultaneously 
issued plate. 

VOLUTOPSIUS ATTENUATUS Dall. 


Plate XXXVI, fig. 3. 


Volutopsis attenuata Dau, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, 1874, p. 252. 
Strombella attenuata Dau, Sci. Expl. Alaska, Buccinidx, 1879, pl. 1, fig. 2. 

Bering Strait and adjacent Arctic waters. 

The type specimen was obtained at Cape Espenberg by Capt. E. E. 
Smith. U.S.N.M., 108979. 

This is a white, delicately spirally striated shell which appears to 
be rather rare, as only two or three specimens of it have come under 
my observation. 

VOLUTOPSIUS REGULARIS Dall. 


Plate XX XVI, fig. 6. 


Volutopsis beringt var. regularis Dawu, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, 1873, p. 59, 
jolla Thuy rated (oy 
Strombella regularis Dau, Sei. Expl. Alaska, Buccinidx, 1879, pl. 1, figs. 5, 5a. 
Aleutian and Shumagin Islands, Alaska; rare. U.S.N.M., 108978. 
This species is snow-white, with no visible periostracum, regularly 
formed, smooth, and, while smaller, has a proportionately more ele- 


vated spire than V. castaneus. 
Genus BERINGIUS Dall. 


Beringius Dawu, Sci. Expl. Alaska, Buccinidex, 1879, pl. u, figs. 1, la-c (sole 
example, Chrysodomus crebricostatus Dall); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IX, 1886, 
p- 304; XVII, 1894, p. 710. 

Jumala Frieie, Norwegian N. Atl. Exp., 1, 1882, p. 6 (type, Fusus turtoni Bean); 
Ann. May. Nat. Hist., Nov., 1893, p. 352, olim. 

Ukko Frreve, in Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XII, 1898, p. 352. 


Eroc, N. Me vol. xx1y— 01-34 


530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


BERINGIUS CREBRICOSTATUS Dall. 


Plate XX XV, fig: 1. 


Chrysodomus crebricostatus Dau, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VII, 1877, p. 6. 
Chrysodomus ( Beringius) crebricostatus Daun, Sci. Expl. Alaska, Buccinide, 1879, 
pl. 1, figs. 1, la-c; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., TX, 1886, p. 304; X VII, 1894, p. 710. 


Unalaska, Aleutians, in 100 fathoms, Dall; Aleutian Islands and the 
Shumagin Islands, U. S. Fish Commission. U.S.N.M., 122716. 

This magnificent shell is perhaps the finest species of the family. 
It is white with a darker flush in the throat, and covered with a bright 
yellowish periostracum. 

BERINGIUS? KENNICOTTII Dall. 
Plate XXXV, fig. 3. 
Buccinum kennicottii DALL, Am. Journ. Conch., VII, 1871, Pt. 2, p. 108, pl. xv, fig. 1. 
Chrysodomus kennicottii Dai, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., TV, 1872, p. 271; Sci. Expl. 
Alaska, Buccinidx, 1879, pl. tv, figs. 1, la. 
Neptunea behringi Koper, Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Pyrula and Fusus, 1881, p. 68; 
not of Middendorff. 

The Kadiak group of islands is the headquarters of this species, 
which extends to the Shumagins and westward, but not abundantly 
west of the peninsula. It occurs in shallow water, during the spawn- 
ing season, but at other times retires to 10 or 15 fathoms depth. 
U.S.N.M., 108992. 

This species has a handsome light-brown periostracum, under which 
the shell is white or purplish, sometimes pinkish in the aperture. It 
is uncertain whether it should be referred to Volutopsius or to 
Beringius, as the dentition has not been examined, but the very 
cylindrical nepionic whorls rather point toward the latter. 


Genus LIOMESUS Stimpson. 


Tiomesus Strmpson, Canadian Nat., new ser., II, Oct., 1865, p. 364. 
Buccinopsis JEFFREYS, not of Conrad. 


LIOMESUS NUX Dall. 
Plate XXX VIII, fig. 7. 
Tiomesus nux Dau, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VII, Mar., 1877, p. 7 (p. 2 of extras). 
Buccinopsis nux Koserr, Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Buccinum, 1883, p. 101, pl. 
LXXXVII, fig. 4. 
Kast shore of Nagai Island, Shumagins, and at Unalaska in 15 fath- 
oms, Dall. U.S.N.M., 94785. 
The shell has a purplish brown substratum more or less obscured by 
a creamy white outer coat, and in life is covered by a dense velvety 
periostracum. It is remarkably solid and heavy for its size. The 
genus is Buccinopsis Jeffreys not Conrad, and Lzomesus of Stimpson in 
allusion to its unarmed central teeth of the radula, which resemble 
those of Beringvus. 


4 


No, 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELIS—DALL. How 


LIOMESUS CANALICULATUS Dall. 
Plate XX XVIII, fig. 2. 


Buccinopsis canaliculata Dau, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, Feb., 1874, p. 252 (extras 
p- 6).—Kope.t, Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Buccinum, 1887, p. 102, pl. uxxxviny, 
fig. 10. 

Liomesus canaliculatus Dau, Sci. Expl. Alaska, Buccinide, 1879, pl. rv, fig. 4. 
North end of Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, Dall. U.S.N.M., 108977. 
Shell white with a yellow velvety periostracum. This species was 

figured in my Exploration of Alaska, Buccinide, Plate tv, fig. 4, and 
L. nux as fig. 5, 1879; but the text for these plates is still unprinied. 
LIOMESUS OOIDES Middendorff. 
Tritonium ooides MippENDoREF, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., VII, 1848, No. 16, p. 16; 
Malak, Ross, II, 1849, p. 175. : 

Tritonium ovoides MippENnporFF, Sib. Reise, 1851, p. 236, pl. vim, figs. 7, 8. 

? Tiomesus ovoides Stimpson, Canadian Nat., new ser. II, Oct., 1865, p. 364. 

Buecinum ovoides Kosett, Conch. Corb., 2d ed., Buccinum, 1883, p. 72, pl. uxxxvu, 

fig. 6. 

Tugur basin, Okhotsk Sea, Middendorff. Bering Strait, Stimpson. 

This species, by an easy typographical error, has two names in 
Middendorff’s works. It seems to differ from Z. canaliculatus Dall by 
its shorter spire, less regular form, and less distinct spiral sculpture. 
The species found by Stimpson at Bering Strait is probably canalieu- 
latus. Further material may show the desirability of uniting the two, 

~ in which case Middendorff’s name has twenty-five years priority. 

In my plates of Buccinide, specimens of Liomesus dalei Sowerby, 
var. ehurnea Sars, from the Doggerbank, were figured for comparison 
with the Alaskan forms. My friend Dr. Kobelt, in the absence of 
the text relating to these plates, was led to suppose them from Alaska, 
and applied the varietal name of Behring/ana to them.' But this 
species is not found in the western hemisphere as far as I know. I 
am inclined to doubt the identity of the Crag form with the recent one, 
and should be disposed to adopt Sars’s name in a specific sense. I 
have never seen any recent specimens at all resembling the massive 
shells from the British Crag. I may add that another species of this 
genus, Z. nassu/a, was recently described by me from Bering Sea. 


ASTYRIS AURANTIACA Dall. 
Plate XXXIV, fig. 5. 
Astyris aurantiaca DatL, Am. Journ. Conch., VII, 1871, Pt. 1, p. 115, pl. xv, 
fig. 13 (bad). 
Monterey, at low water, Dall. U.S.N.M., 12313. 
The color varies from orange yellow to brown or yellow with zigzag 
brown markings. It is generally subtranslucent. 


1Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Buccinum, 1883, p. 100. 


532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


MUREX (PTEROPURPURA) CARPENTERI Dall. 
Plate XXXIV, fig. 9: 
Pteronotus carpenter Datu, Nautilus, XII, No. 12, April, 1899, p. 138. 


Farallones Islands, California, south to the vicinity of San Diego, 
California, in 15 to 60 fathoms. U.S.N.M., 122596. 

The shell is of a somewhat tivid pale brown, pinkish toward the 
apex and white around the aperture. The surface, except of the 
nuclear whorls and the anterior faces of the varices, is smooth. The 
genus resembles Pterorhytis Conrad very much, except in the absence 
of the spur on the outer margin of the aperture. There are three 
series of confluent varices. 

This subgenus was indicated by Jousseaume, in 1880; the name 
Pteronotus Swainson, is preoccupied by Gray, in Reptilia. In 1899, 
however, Rovereto proposed for this group the name Pterymurex, 
which is entirely unnecessary; an occurrence which shows how inad- 
visable it is to propose new names for those supposed to be preoccu- 
pied, without knowing the whole history of the names in question, 
and their synonyms. 


MUREX (PTEROPURPURA) PETRI Dall. 
Plate XXXIV, fig. 7. 
Murex petri Dati,Nautilus, XIV, August, 1900, No. 4, p. 37. 


San Pedro, California, in about 50 fathoms; Oldroyd. U.S.N.M., 
122553. 

This species is of a yellowish-white color, covered with finely im- 
bricated spiral threads, of which about every fourth one is slightly 
larger. The aperture is white and the varices distally recurved. 


ANTISTREPTUS, new genus. 


Shell small, having the general form of Anachis, sinistral, with a 
dextral nucleus; the operculum as in Zrophon. Type, A. magellani- 
cus Dall, Straits of Magellan. 


ANTISTREPTUS MAGELLANICUS, new species. 


Shell small, porcellanous white with a straw colored periostracum, 
sinistral with a smooth polished dextral nucleus and about four subse- 
quent whorls; spire rather acute, body whorl moderately rounded; 
suture distinct; pillar straight, unarmed; canal short, rather wide, 
slightly recurved; outer lip simple, sharp; no callus on the body; sculp 
ture of strong, high, coarsely beaded spirals with narrower inter- 
spaces, the swellings or beads occurring vertically below one another 
on the several spirals giving the effect of ribs; there are two spirals on 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELIS—DALL. 533 


the first whorl and three on the subsequent whorls in front of the 
suture, and on the last whorl there are nine or ten diminishing in size 
forward, from the periphery to the end of the canal, but of the same 
general type; they are crossed only by fine incremental lines. Lon. of 
shell 4.5; max. diam. 2.5 mm. 

Dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross in the straits 
of Magellan at station 2777, in 20 fathoms, gravel. U.S.N.M., 96190. 

This very remarkable little shell has the general form of an Anachis, 
but the sculpture is more like some of the species of Zrophon, while 
the pale yellow operculum is also much like that of Zrophon. If it 
were not that the torsion of the nuclear and subsequent whorls is in 
opposite directions, the shell might be taken for a very minute reversed 
Trophon or Urosalpine. It may be that the two specimens which were 
obtained and which agree perfectly are immature, and that the aper- 
ture may be lirate when fully grown, but there is no indication in the 
shell to suggest it. 


Genus TROPHON Montfort. 


The genus 7rophon, founded on the Patagonian species geversianus 
of Pallas, belongs to the Purpuroid group of Murices with Qc/nebra 
and Hupleura. ‘The larger species show the peculiar rotating imprints 
on the proximal face of the operculum, which are usually regarded as 
characteristic of Purpura. The smaller species with thin opercula do 
not always develop these markings. The nucleus of the operculum is 
on the outer side between the middle and the lower angle, exactly as 
in some Purpuras, with a callus around the inner margin. The nuclear 
whorls of Zrophon are small and either inflated or, by reason of a 
small carina, flattened above and tilted, so that the plane of the first 
whorl forms an angle with that of the succeeding whorls. This is 
sometimes so marked that at first sight it appears as if the nucleus was 
reversed as in Pyramidellide, but a careful examination shows that 
this is not the case. Most species have the nepionic whorls immedi- 
ately following the nucleus sculptured, and often cancellated, whether 
the remainder of the whorls are so or not, indicating the derivation of 
the group from a cancellated, or, at least, a sculptured ancestral type. 

The typical Trophons are chiefly austral and have a rather character- 
istic type of form and sculpture. The boreal forms show more variety 
and have developed several types among themselves, all different from 
the antarctic group, and which I therefore separate as a genus, Borco- 
trophon (Fischer, 1884). This genus, again, is divisible into several 
sections characterized by their sculpture. The typical Boreotrophon 
has lamellar varices, the spiral sculpture is absent or feeble, and the 
operculum is elongated and narrow with the nucleus apical, and no 
purpuroid markings on the inner face. The section Zrophonopsis 
(B., D., and D., 1882) has spiral sculpture quite emphatic, and some- 


5384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


times the varices are obsolete. The operculum is short and wide with 
an apical nucleus, but with purpuroid markings on the inner face. In 
each group a transition toward the other section may be observed in 
some species. Both agree in dentition and station. In the majority 
of species there is occasionally developed a carina at the shoulder over 
which the varices are elevated into spines or elevated scales. 

There are, however, species which always have an angle or varical 
spine at the shoulder. The development of the varices is different 
in different individuals of the same species, as in Murex; specimens 
from a fine sandy or soft bottom will frequently have remarkably 
broad, thin, expanded varices; while those from an unfavorable situs, 
as a gravelly bottom, may have the varices degenerated to mere lines 
hardly raised above the surface except at the shoulder. These dif- 
ferences, though systematically not important, affect the general 
appearance of the shell very much and are liable to mislead students 
unfamiliar with the group into an undue multiplication of species. 
On the other hand the general impression of variability which these 
mutations give is apt to lead to the ignoring of real differences of a 
more stable kind, and hence several very distinct species have been 
consolidated by too hasty monographers. 

The species which have a small compact body and spire, coronated 
with spines, and a long rather straight canal, have been separated as a 
section Pagodula by Monterosato in 1884, with B. carinatus Bivona, 
as type; but taken in connection with other species, these, like the 
species of Zrophonopsis, gradually merge into the typical form of 
the genus, even within the limits of the more variable species. A 
group which perhaps deserves distinction is that which I will call 
Actinotrophon, based on LB. actinophorus Dall, in which with the 
structure of the thin Borvotrophon with long coronating spines is 
united a feature, not elsewhere noted in the genus, of successive 
canals, so curved that the projecting old ones, recurving from the 
siphonal fasciole form a whorl of hollow split spines, diverging from 
a deep umbilical pit, as in some murices. In J/wrex, however, the 
‘anal is closed and the aperture has a projecting callous margin. 

Another group, possibly worthy of sectional distinction, appears in 
the fauna of southern California, where it is represented by Zrophon 
trianguatus Carpenter, 7. cerrosensis Dall, and 7. pinnatus, new 
species. These forms are large, with prominent varices, hardly any 
spiral sculpture, and brown or yellow coloration. They have the 
typical purpuroid operculum of the Antarctic Zrophon, but not its 
stumpy form or coarse reticulate sculpture. The siphonal fasciole is 
more or less gyratory and between it and the edge of the aperture is a 
distinct umbilical chink or even a deep perforation. If these are con- 
sidered sufficiently marked to deserve a sectional name, they may be 
referred to the genus Zyophon with that rank, under the name of 
Austrotrophon. 


NO. 1264. ILLU, sess ATIONS OF AMERICAN oe ee 4 LD. 5385 


A subdivis ision of the old g group ineluded under the n name of “Trophon 
was published! by De Gregorio. This was hastily done, and several 
of the groups had previously been named, while others are hetero- 
genous. Examples are cited, but no types selected. The scheme is 
as follows: 


Genus Trophon de Gregorio, 1885, = Trophon, Montfort, 1810. 

Subgenus Pinon de Gregorio, 1885, = Boreotrophon Fischer, 1884, + Fusus sp. 
+ Columbarium von Martens, 1881. 

Subgenus Chalmon de Gregorio, 1885, = Trophonopsis Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and 
Dollfus, 1882. 

Subgenus Pirgos’? de Gregorio, 1885, may stand as a section of Trophonopsis with 
Trophon alveolatus (Sowerby) Wood, as type. 

Subgenus Mipus de Gregorio, 1885, founded on Trophon gyratus Hinds, is probably 
referable to Coralliophila or Latiaxis. 

There a number of other genera which have been proposed which 
are closely related to Zrophon, but which will not be discussed on this 
occasion. 

I need not dwell on some groups proposed by Hutton for Antarctic 
forms which he places under 7rophon, but which appear to me to be 
more properly grouped under genera like Purpura or Ocinebra. A 
few notes on austral American species may be offered here. 


TROPHON CRISPUS Gould. 


Fusus crispus Gouin, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. History, III, May, 1849, p. 141; 
Otia Conch., p. 64; Shells of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, 1852, p. 229, 
pl. xvi,-figs. 279, 279a, 279c (not fig. 279D). 

Trophon crispus GouLp, Otia Conch., p. 245, 1862. 


Orange Harbor, Patagonia, Couthouy. Type, U.S.N.M., 5677. 
With this as a variety was included the following very distinct 
species: 
TROPHON PELECETUS, new species. 


Fusus crispus var., GouLtp, Shells of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, 1852, 
p. 229, pl. xvi, fig. 2790. 

This remarkable form, though much smaller than the 7. créspus, has 
one more whorl, being seven, including the nucleus. The spire is very 
acute, the last whorl much the largest, with deeply constricted sutures; 
the whorls tabulate above with nine very strong angular varices, the 
interspaces narrow and deep, the distal edges of the varices thick and 
broad, somewhat crenulate by revolving threads, sometimes obsolete 
between the varices, and on them crossed by prominent incremental 
lines; margin of the aperture callous, but not denticulate; canal slender, 
slightly recurved, and rather long. The color is yellowish white. Lon. 
of shell 16.5; of aperture 9.0; max. lat. of shell 8.0 mm. 


‘Bulletin of the Sociéta Malac. Italiano, XI, p. 27, August, 1885. 
* Not Pyrgus, Hiibner, 1816, Lepidoptera. 


536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


The very peculiar sculpture recalls that of some species of Cancel- 
lariidee of the genus 7r/gonostoma. In the young the revolving threads 
are more prominent than in the older specimens. U.S.N.M., 98451. 


? TROPHON UNICARINATUS Philippi. 


Fusus unicarinatus Paturpri, Malak. Blatt., XV, Dec., 1868, p. 223. 
Trophon unicarinatus Tryon, Man. Conch., II, 1880, p. 151. 


Magellan Strait, Acton, fide Philippi; dredged by the U.S. Fish 
Commission steamer Albatross in the strait, at station 2777, in 20 
fathoms, gravel, U.S.N.M., 96193. 

The little shell described by Philippi under the name of /’zsus has 
much the aspect of a miniature Chrysodomus of the despectus type. 
If so it is the only representative of that group inthe Antarctic. It is 
more likely, in spite of the resemblance, that it is related to the Zro- 
phon, so abundant in these seas. Unfortunately all the specimens 
dredged were destitute of the soft parts, so that the anatomical fea- 
tures and operculum remain unknown. 

The nucleus is large for the size of the shell, smooth, inflated, and so 
loosely twisted that it at first suggests a sinistral beginning, which is 
not confirmed by a closer examination. The whorls are flat above, 
with a strong, blunt peripheral carina and a second less prominent 
keel, just below the periphery, on which the suture is laid. The sur- 
face is axially faintly striated by the incremental lines. The base is 
moderately rounded and passes into a slightly recurved canal as in 
Chrysodomus. The body of the shell is of the pale brown, with a slight 
tinge of purple, characteristic of the Arctic Chrysodom/, but the piilar 
is white and so is the canal, and the keels are lighter than the body 
color of the shell. The outer lip is simple and hardly thickened and 
the throat smooth. The largest specimen obtained by the Fish Com- 
mission was 8.5 mm. in length and 5 mm. in maximum width. The 
longest diameter of the aperture was a little less than 5 mm.; there 
were two nuclear and three subsequent whorls. . 

Altogether it is a remarkable little shell, which a comparison with 
the young of several of the larger prosobranchs of the region indi- 
cates to bea well-defined and distinct species, worthy of more thorough 
study than my material makes practicable. 


GENUS BOREOTROPHON (Fischer) i1se42 


In briefly reviewing the group it may be useful to enumerate the 
boreal species by geographical regions, namely, that of North Europe, 
including the northeast Atlantic, Iceland, and Greenland, which 
belongs more to Europe than America, faunally; of the northeast 
coast of North America, including the cold deep waters adjacent 
which carry boreal species far southward of their natural habitat if 


'If Bolten’s undefined names are to be accepted this genus, by elimination, must 
take the name of Neptunea. 


¢ 
fi 
4 


No, 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 537 


we regard only the surface isotherms; and of the North Pacitic and 
Bering Sea, including the adjacent portions of the Arctic and the 
northern islands of Japan. 

The species of the northeast Atlantic are as follows, omitting those 
of the Mediterranean and the Azores which are clearly subtropical 
and do not enter the cold abysses or extend their range north of 
Gibraltar: 


BOREOTROPHON CLATHRATUS Linnezus. 


This is the Murex clathratus Linneeus, 1766, described from an Ice- 
landic specimen; it is the J/. bampius Donovan, 1803, and has been 
confounded with most of the typical arctic species of Loreotrophon by 
authors. Morch stated in his catalogue of Greenland shells (1857) 
that this species was called Zritondum rossii by Leach, and he sent a 
specimen to the U. S. National Museum under the name of Zrophon 
richardsonii Gray, from Spitsbergen. © Both of these names appear to 
be unpublished—or at least I have been unable to find them in the 
literature. Reeve in his monograph of /usus figures two species 
under the name of banffius (sic), but neither is the bamfius of Donovan. 
Morch also refers to the latter the fossil Murex costatus of Hisinger, 
1837. It is a small but stout shell with very round whorls, a short 
and much recurved canal, ten to eighteen rather irregular, rarely 
prominent, more or less appressed laminar varices, no spiral threads, 
and only rarely any fine spiral striation. I have seen none exceeding 
30 mm. in length, and at the shoulder the angle of the varices is 
rarely present; and if present, feeble and inconspicuous. Its range 
extends from Finmark to Greenland. I have never seen an American 
specimen. 

BOREOTROPHON TRUNCATUS Strém. 


This is Buccinum truncatum Strom, 1767; it is frequently con- 
founded with the preceding and with 2. scalariformis Gould. It is a 
small species, not exceeding 17 mm. in length and usually smaller. 
It was figured by Forbes and Hanley under the name of bamffius, but 
it is not the original damfius of Donovan. It has numerous low, 
rather irregular and close-set varices which are often obscurely crenu- 
late as if by obsolete spiral threads; there is rather strong spiral 
striation in well-developed specimens. The canal is short and obliquely 
truncate, the aperture and canal shorter than the spire. It is the most 
common North Atlantic species, and extends in 10 to 50 fathoms from 
Finmark to Greenland and south to Georges Banks on the American 
coast. 


BOREOTROPHON GUNNERI Loven. 


This species, discriminated by the accurate Loven in 1846, has been 
widely and generally confused with B. clathratus, of which it is 


538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


usually called a variety. That species sometimes has a feeble varical 
angle on the shoulder, but the present one 1s always angular there, the 
varices stand out from the shell and are distinctly developed; the 
suture is rather constricted and the whorl in front of it usually exca- 
vated; the surface is closely spirally striated, the spire elevated, the 
canal nearly straight. There are eight to eleven varices and the angle 
at the shoulder is often nearly spinose. The species reaches a length 
of 33 mm., and ranges from Finmark to Greenland and Massachusetts 
in 8 to 200 fathoms. It is a more slender and elegant shell than 
B. clathratus. Reeve’s figure of ‘‘ Fusus” gunner? in the Iconica does 
not represent this species. 


Section TROPHONOPSIS Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1882, 


BOREOTROPHON MACLAINI, new species. 


Shell small, yellowish white with five or more whorls; nucleus tilted, 
smooth, flat above, with the margin of the plane forming a strong carina 
which is continued as a spiral thread at the shoulder in the subsequent 
whorls; the first whorl which follows the nucleus has two spiral threads, 
the number of these gradually increases until the fifth whorl! has thir- 
teen, closer in front of the suture and behind the shoulder and also on 
the base; less crowded on the periphery, and crossing (on the fifth 
whorl twenty) arcuate, regular, slightly elevated ribs with subequal 
interspaces which extend over the periphery and fade out on the base; 
spire longer than the aperture; canal straight or slightly recurved, 
short; pillar straight, obliquely truncate in front; periostracum yellow- 
ish; lon. of shell 6.5; of aperture 3.2; max. diam. 3.0 mm. 

Dredged off the coast of Greenland by Ensign C. S. McClain, of 
U.S. 8. Alert. U.S.N.M. 126974. 

Thisisa Zrophonopsis, somewhat of the type of B. barvicensis, which, 
however, has a rounded nucleus and lamellar varices. The single 
specimen obtained is not fully mature and the species doubtless attains 
a somewhat larger size. It can not be mistaken for any of the other 
species of the region. 


BOREOTROPHON CRATICULATUS Fabricius. 


This is the 7r/tondum craticulatum Fabricius in 1780 (not the urex 
craticulatus of Linnzeus), the 7. fabrici’ Beck, 1842, and the 7°. borealis 
of Reeve (as J/wrea), 1845. 

Greenland is its metropolis, but it extends, in 30 to 80 fathoms, to 
the Newfoundland Banks on the south and Finmark on the east. It is 
the type of the section Trophonopsis, and is readily recognized by its 
elongate form, thin, rather rude varices and strong spiral threading. 
It rarely develops a varical angle at the shoulder. 


; 


a ee 


No. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 5389 


BOREOTROPHON BARVICENSIS Johnston. 


This species, described in 1818, is of a southern reticulate muricate 
type, resembling 2. muricatus Montagu. Like the latter, it reaches 
British shores, though its metropolis is to the southward, in 15 to 
1,000 fathoms. It has been reported, erroneously, from the American 
coast. 

BOREOTROPHON MURICATUS Montagu. 

This is the Murex ivuricatus Montagu, 1803; the Fusus variabilis 
Cristofori and Jan, 1833; and the Fusus echinatus Philippi, 1836. 

It is a very elegantly sculptured form, extending from British 
waters to the Atlantic coast of Morocco, in 2 to 1,000 fathoms. 

Section PAGODULA Monterosato, 1884. 
BOREOTROPHON CARINATUS Bivona. 

This is the Murer carinatus Bivona, 1822; the JZ. vaginatus Cristo- 
fori and Jan, 1833; the J/. calear Seacchi, 1836; Fusus echinatus 
Kiener, 1838, and the type of the section Pagodula Monterosato, in 


~ 1884. Itextends from Marseilles in the Mediterranean to the Atlantic 


coast of Morocco, in 15 to 1,600 fathoms. It is mentioned here because 
it has been erroneously reported as having been obtained near Marthas 
Vineyard on the American coast. 


BOREOTROPHON CLAVATUS Sars. 


This species, which has been confused with B. carénatus Bivona, 
was described by Sars in 1878. It appears to be confined to northern 
Scandinavia, though some American forms were, for a time, erro- 
neously referred to this species, a mistake which has since been 
corrected. 

The following species have been described from the Mediterranean 
and tropical East Atlantic, most of which are deep-water or even 
abyssal forms: 2B. decoratus, B. cossmanni, and LB. deversus Locard, 
1897; B. (Trophonopsis) varicosissimus Bonelli (1841, + multilamel- 
losus Philippi, 1844); 2B. (Z.) droueti and B. (T.) dabneyi Dautzenberg, 
1889; B. (7.) richard? and grimaldii Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1896. 
Orania Pallary, 1900, appears to be a section of Ocinebra and not 
referable to Zrophonopsis. 

The following species are known from the east coast of North 
America: 


BOREOTROPHON TRUNCATUS Strém. 
Arctic seas and south in deeper water to Georges Banks. 
BOREOTROPHON GUNNERI Loven. 


Same distribution as the preceding. 


540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


BOREOTROPHON SCALARIFORMIS Gould. 


This is the usus scalariformis Gould, in 1838, a large species, which 
has been confounded with B. clathratus, but is easily identified. It is 
the largest Atlantic species, sometimes reaching a length of 53 mm., 
having 13 to 16 rather rude sharp lamellar varices, 8 whorls, a higher 
and more conical spire, a straighter and a more gradually attenuated 
canal and less excavated base. There is rarely any angle at the 
shoulder; if the varix is elevated here it is bluntly rounded, and the 
surface has only obsolete spiral striation or none. Its range is from 
Iceland to the Newfoundland Banks and Massachusetts Bay, and most 
of the specimens have been obtained from the stomachs of the haddock. 


BOREOTROPHON CRATICULATUS Fabricius. 


This species, which is characteristically Arctic, extends its range 
southward as far as the Newfoundland Banks. 


BOREOTROPHON ACULEATUS Watson, var. LACUNELLA Dall. 


Ido not feel able to separate specitically the variety described in 
1889, from Watson’s species dredged off Pernambuco in deep water by 
the Challenger, and named in 1882. The differences are those which 
may be observed in any large series of a single species of arctic Zro- 
phon. The variety was described from the vicinity of Cape Fear, 
North Carolina, and I am unable to separate from it the Zrophon ver- 
villi, described in 1893, from the same locality by Miss Bush. An 
extremely similar form was dredged off the coast of Senegal in about 
875 fathoms by the Zravatlleur, and described by Locard in 1897, 
under the name of 7! cossmann?. It appears to differ only by the pres- 
ence of a few feeble spiral threads visible between the varices. The 
variety /acunella ranges in deep water from the vicinity of Cape Fear 
south to the lesser Antilles, in 227 to 769 fathoms, and also occurs in 
the Gulf of Mexico. 


BOREOTROPHON ABYSSORUM Verrill. 


This is Zrophon abyssorum Verrvill, 1885, and its variety /imcola 
with obsolescent spines, which was erroneously identified by Jeffreys 
with 7. vaginatus Cristofori and Jan, of the Mediterranean, and with 
T. clavatus Sars of Norway. It is a small, well-defined species, with 
sharp lateraily flaring spines at the shoulder, and the varices obsolete 
elsewhere. In the variety //mdcola the spines are obsolete and the 
varices more in evidence. The known range of both extends from 
Georges Bank off Cape Cod, south to the vicinity of Cape Hatteras, 
North Carolina, in 843 to 1,859 fathoms. This and the preceding 
species are referable to the section Pagodula. 


No. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 541 


Section ACTINOTROPHON Dall, 1902. 
BOREOTROPHON ACTINOPHORUS Dall. 


This is Zrophon actinophorus Dall, 1889, dredged by the U.S.S. 
Blake off Barbados, Santa Cruz, and Martinique, in 140 to 248 fath- 
oms. It is figured in the Blake report, and with its two whorls of 
channeled spines can not be mistaken for any other species. 

This completes the list of known East American species, which will 
doubtless be enlarged when more dredging is done on our southern 
coasts. 

The northwest coast of America is very rich in species, but the mon- 
ographs of Sowerby and Tryon are so unsatisfactory that they afford 
little help, and confound perfectly discriminable species together. The 
following list is made out from the species in the National Collection, 
where there is preserved an unparalleled series of the group from this 
region. I begin with the species referable to Zrophonopsis. 

Section TROPHONOPSIS Dautzenberg. 


BOREOTROPHON TENUISCULPTUS Carpenter. 


This elegant and variable form was described by Carpenter in 1866, 
from the Pleistocene of Santa Barbara, California. It now ranges 
from Estero Bay, near San Luis Obispo, California, northward to the 
Aleutian Islands. It is the Zrophon subserratus Sowerby, 1880, de- 
scribed from Vancouver. It is found in the north from low water to 
10 fathoms, but the Californian specimen was dredged in 92 fathoms. 
I have not found it west of Unalaska and it is very rare south of 
Cape Mendocino. It has the usual mutations, the whorls either 
rounded, with close fine imbricate spiral sculpture, or with a coronated 
angle at the shoulder. The northern specimens are larger and heavier 
than those from the south and less disposed to be spinose, but the 
change, geographically, is gradual. 


BOREOTROPHON SCITULUS Dall.! 


Described in 1891 from specimens dredged off Unalaska, in Bering 
Sea, at a depth of 225 to 309 fathoms. Its range in deep water prob- 
ably extends to San Pedro Channel, California. 


BOREOTROPHON KAMCHATKANUS, new species. 


Shell small, solid, yellowish white, with about five whorls; nucleus 
lost; subsequent whorls with (on the fifth twenty-one) low, rude, rib- 
like varices, crossed by four or five obscure revolving cords, of which 
two are visible behind the sutures; in front of the suture is a sloping 
space somewhat constricted, at the shoulder is a cord, followed by 
others with wider interspaces and toward the canal more feeble; the 


1 Figured in Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. X VII, 1895, pl. xxvu, fig. 5. 


549 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


incremental lines are also conspicuous; canal twisted, recurved, rather 
short and wide, aperture white, body and pillar callous, the latter 
twisted and obliquely truncate in front, forming a nearly pervious axis; 
lon. of shell 25; of aperture and canal 15; max. diam. 12 mm. 

Dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer <A/batross on the 
southeast coast of Kamchatka, at station 3644, in 96 fathoms, shelly 
bottom, temperature 33° F. 

This species very much resembles Zrophon droucti Dautzenberg 
dredged in some 600 fathoms near the Azores, but is nearly twice as 
large, with a relatively shorter canal. Owing to the low, thick, rib- 
like varices it does not at first recall Boreotrophon so much as some of 
the Husus group from deep water. The operculum, however, is like 
that of Zrophonopsis and not like that of wsws. The species would 
be referable to the group named P/rgos by de Gregorio in 1885, and 
founded on two Pliocene forms from the English Crag. 


BOREOTROPHON ORPHEUS Gould. 


This is Husus orpheus Gould, 1849, and Zrophon fabrici Carpenter, 
1863, not of Beck, 1842. The present writer, misled by an error of 
Carpenter, in common with most of the malacologists of the Pacific 
coast, identified this with Zrophon stuarti Smith for many years, but 
the more careful study of Gould’s type and the reception of full- 
grown specimens show that it is a well-defined and distinct, though 
apparently rather rare, species. It may be distinguished from the 
young of ZB. stwarti by having more than two spiral threads on the 
upper whorls. Adult it isa much smaller species than s¢wart7, slender 
and with low numerous varices. It ranges from Vancouver Island to 
Cape Mendocino. 


BOREOTROPHON STUARTI E. A. Smith. 


This fine species was first described in 1880, though it had been well 
known to California collectors for twenty years under the mistaken 
name of Zrophon orpheus. It ranges from the Shumagin Islands, 
Alaska, to Santa Cruz, California, in from 16 to 202 fathoms, living 
in shallower water at the north and following the temperature into 
deeper water at the south. It has from seven to twelve varices with 
the interspaces crossed by four or five rounded spiral cords, and 
reaches a length of 52 mm. The varices may be wide and thin with 
prominent spines at the shoulder, or low and hardly stronger than the 
spirals and without any spines, a form which has a very different 
aspect from that of the type, the cancellation being very conspicuous. 


BOREOTROPHON (STUARTI var.?) SMITHI, new species. 


This form is known to range from Fuca Strait to Santa Barbara, 
California, in 39 to 75 fathoms. It much resembles 2. stwarté in 
general, but differs by more slender whorls with a more constricted 


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NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELILS—DALL. 5438 


suture, relatively wider varices, and the absence of any spiral sculp- 
ture. It has six to eight varices, very thin, wide and sharp with high, 
strongly recurved spines at the shoulder. It reaches a length of 47 
and a width of 23 mm. with six whoyls exclusive of the nucleus. The 
canal is strongly recurved and imbricating remnants of old canal ends 
are noticeable on the siphonal fasciole. It may, perhaps, prove to be 
a deep-water form of B. stuart, but if so it is yet to be shown by 
intermediate mutations. It is of a whitish color witha pale-brown or 
yellowish periostracum. U.S.N.M., 122582. 


Section BOREOTROPHON sg. s. 


BOREOTROPHON PEREGRINUS, new species. 


Shell small, yellowish white, with eight whorls; nucleus rounded, 
smooth, tilted; with a whorl and a half; subsequent whorls with seven 
or eight procumbent broad varices, strongly angulated at the shoulder, 
where the varices form compressed elevated spines; behind the angle 
the whorl is somewhat excavated; base of the whorl constricted with 
a short, recurved, imbricate canal; aperture squarish, white within; 
surface with fine spiral striation; lon. of aperture and canal 12, of 
shell 23 mm.; max. lat. 11 mm. 

Dredged off Catalina Harbor, Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 
16 fathoms, gravel, by W. H. Dall in 1873. 

This pretty little species strongly recalls the Japanese Zrophon 
candclabrum Adams and Reeve, but differs in being relatively stouter 
and shorter, with procumbent instead of erect varices, a shorter canal, 
an absence of the brown painting of the Japanese species, and the 
presence of spiral striation. From 2B. multicostatus Eschscholtz it 
differs in color and varical sculpture, having also a proportionately 
shorter spire. The varices are so broad and procumbent that, when 
they are unbroken, the varix covers not only the interspace in front 
of it but also part of the next varix, but without adhering tothe whorl. 


BOREOTROPHON MULTICOSTATUS Eschscholtz. 


This is the Pusus multicostatus Eschscholtz, 1829, the Zrophon gun- 
neri and Polyplex gracilis of Carpenter, 1863, not of Lovén, 1846, or 
Perry, 1811. It has been generally consolidated with B. gunneri or 
B. clathratus by authors. It is certainly near to B. gunner’, which is 
the later name, but I am inclined to believe it distinct. The typical 
B. gunnert of Loven has a smaller and less solid shell, with a larger 
average number of varices and less tabulated whorls, above which the 
varical spines are more elevated. I have never seen among the 
Atlantic shells the livid brown throat which is so general in those from 
the Pacific. In the latter the canal is stouter, relatively shorter and 
wider. G. O. Sars gives as an average length for B. gunner? 21 mm.; 
among adult multicostatus a length of 36 mm. is not uncommon, 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


though both species have the same number of whorls. At any rate, if 
either name is to be changed the Atlantic species will have to take 
Eschscholtz’s name. 

The geographical range of this form is from the north end of Nunivak 
Island, Bering Sea, on the verge of the arctic fauna, south to Mendo- 
cino County, California, in 2 to 50 fathoms; also on the northern coast 
of Japan in 8 to 48 fathoms. Some of the Japanese specimens collected 
by Capt. St. John, R. N., measure 46 mm. in length, with six whorls 
and nine varices. 


BOREOTROPHON BERINGI, new species. 


Shell greenish white, elegantly ovate-fusiform, with a rather elon- 
gated curved canal, the aperture and canal longer than the spire; 
whorls with the base gradually attenuated, not constricted, about six 
in number, with a distinct but not deep suture and 9 to 12 low sharp 
rounded varices, with no obvious angle at the shoulder; surface with 
fine revolving striation, sometimes partly obsolete; aperture white; 
long., 40; max. lat., 17; long. of spire above aperture 16 mm. 
Operculum dark brown. 

The geographical range of this species is from the north end of 
Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, to Cook’s Inlet on the southeast and 
northern Japan on the southwest in 2 to 81 fathoms. U.S.N.M. 109051. 

This is the shell regarded by Jeffreys, Adams, and Carpenter as 
B. clathratus in the north Pacific area; but if well-developed adult 
specimens be compared it will be seen that they are really not very 
similar. The young B. bering? are notebly short and broad, and often 
show a pinkish tint with the varices whiter. 


BOREOTROPHON PACIFICUS, new species. 


This species resembles the preceding in miniature except that it has, 
with the same number of whorls, closer and more numerous varices, 
and the throat is sometimes pale brownish. The varices number from 
15 to 20, and the largest specimens measure from 20 to 27 mm. in 
length. The average length appears to be about an inch when adult. 
The species is the faunal analogue of B. truncatus Strém, of the 
Atlantic fauna, but differs from it by the absence of the spiral 
sculpture and larger size. 

The geographical range of B. pacificus is from the Sea Horse 
Islands, in the Arctic Ocean, south through Bering Sea and along the 
coast of Alaska as far as Sitka Harbor, in 5 to 60 fathoms. It is the 
commonest Pacific coast species, and has been called by Dr. Carpenter 
Trophon scalariformis on his labels, but it is not the scalariformis of 
Gould. Jeffreys labeled it usually as Zrophon truncatus. U.S.N.M. 
109100, 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 545 


BOREOTROPHON DISPARILIS Dall.! 


This was described in 1891, from 52 to 77 fathoms, in the vicinity of 
Grays Harbor, Washington, and extends down the coast in deep water 
to the San Pedro channel. Possibly a Zrophonopsis. 


BOREOTROPHON TRIPHERUS, new species. 


Shell small, thin, delicate, white, with a thin yellowish periostracum 
and about five whorls; nucleus eroded in all the specimens; early 
whorls tabular, with about 14 low, sharp varices, sharply angulated, 
but hardly spinose on the shoulder, and growing feebler on the sub- 
sequent whorls; below the shoulder are three feeble spiral threads 
which slightly undulate the varices; these threads grow feebler with 
age, and are hardly perceptible on the last whorl; aperture ovate, 
passing into the long, slightly twisted canal, which is strongly 
recurved; suture very distinct; outer lip thin, deeply flexuous behind; 
pillar thin, attenuated in front, twisted, with a pervious axis; oper- 
culum normal, pale brown; lon. of shell 22.5; of spire without the 
nucleus 7; max. lat. of shell 9 mm. 

Dredged on the northwest coast by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross, off Destruction Island, State of Washington, in 516 fathoms, 
mud, at station 33438, bottom temperature 38°.2 F.; and at station 
3346, off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, in 786 fathoms, bottom temperature 
37°.3 F.; U.S.N.M. 109044 and 109045. 

This interesting species belongs to the same group as LB. seztulus Dall, 
and 2B. disparilis Dall, but is abundantly distinct from either of them. 
The development of spines, as in the former, is not a character of deep 
systematic import, and sometimes varies widely in different individuals 
of the same species. These may perhaps belong in Zrophonopsis. 


BOREOTROPHON ALASKANUS, new species. 


Shell creamy white with a more translucent substratum, the nucleus 
eroded, and five subsequent whorls; the whorls are rounded and bear 
eight narrow varices which are only prominent at the shoulder where 
they rise into long blunt spines which curve backward and somewhat 
toward the axis of the shell; there is no spiral sculpture, the incre- 
mental lines are not conspicuous, but magnification shows the surface 
when not eroded to be covered with a fine, sagrinate or subgranular 
sculpture, unlike anything I have noted on other species. The spire 
is elevated, the suture very distinct, the canal slender, long, and 
strongly curved; the aperture is subovate, the pillar white and polished, 
the outer lip thin and slightly patulous opposite the base of the pillar; 
alt. of shell 32; of spire (nucleus missing) 12; max. diameter of shell, 


q 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——35 


= 


546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Dr edged by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross in Bering 
Sea north of Unalaska, at station 3227, in 225 fathoms, mud, bottom 
temperature 38°.6 F.; U.S.N.M., 122594, 

The peculiar muricoid spines and sagrinate surface sufficiently dis- 
tinguish this from any of the other species of the region, though it 
has a general superficial resemblance to those of the clathratus type. 


BOREOTROPHON MAZATLANICUS, new species. 


Shell small, thin white with a thin grayish periostracum and five or 
more whorls; whorls with a strong peripheral carina in front of 
which, equidistant, are two feebler spiral cords; axial sculpture of fine, 
sharp, close-set low lamella, extending over the whole whorl, sparser 
on the early whorls; suture distinct, not channelled, the whorl in front 
of it sloping, rooflike; canal rather straight, but broken in the unique 
type, length of three whorls without the canal 7; max. lat. 5 mm. 

Dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross at station 
3431, off Mazatlan, Mexico, in 995 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 
37° F.; U.S.N.M., 123022. 

This is evidently a Boreotrophon though the sculpture is so unusual, 
the varices being reduced to low close-set lamellae. Although decol- 
late and with the canal broken off it seemed too remarkable a shell to 
ignore. 

BOREOTROPHON PANAMENSIS, new species. 


Shell thin, white, slender, elongate, with the spire shorter than the 
canal and aperture; whorls five or more, nucleus eroded; subsequent 
whorls with two or even three low revolving cords between the sutures 
and two fainter ones on the base, one of which may be obsolete; axial 
sculpture of rather coarse close-set elevated lines of growth, which on 
the early whorls are sparser and stronger, forming a more or less 
irregular reticulation with the spirals, the posterior of which is the 
shoulder, the space between it and the sutures is slightly convex and 
rather wide; aperture kite-shaped, rather small; the canal very long 
and wide, the pillar somewhat twisted and anteriorly obliquely atten- 
uated. Lon. of aperture and canal 11.5; of shell 18.0; max. lat. 6.5 
mm. Another specimen is 22 mm. long. 

Dredged in the Gulf of Panama by the U.S. Fish Commission 
steamer Albatross at station 3392, in 1,270 hee bottom tempera- 
ture 36°.4 F. 

This species is related to the preceding and also to B. disparilis. 
Perhaps both should be placed in Zrophonopsis. 


BOREOTROPHON AVALONENSIS, new species. 


Shell small, delicate, white, fusiform, with 14 nuclear and five sub- 
sequent whorls; nucleus tilted, rounded, smooth; subsequent whorls 
finely spirally striated, with eight or nine sharp, appressed varices 
rising into radiant, narrow-grooved spines at the shoulder; suture very 


ol 


a eae ae 


eee 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELILS—DALL. 547 


distinct, aperture subovate, canal moderate, more or less recurved, 
pillar twisted, anteriorly attenuated; base hardiy constricted; long. of 
shell 16.5, of aperture and canal 10.0; max. lat. 8 mm. 

Dredged off Avalon, in the Santa Barbara channel, California, by 
the U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross, at station 3664, in 80 
fathoms, sand, bottom temperature 50° F.; U.S.N.M., 109109. 


B. (AVALONENSIS variety?) EUCYMATUS Dall. 


Shell not spiny at the shoulder, larger, with 15 to 18 varices, hardly 
raised and barely angular at the shoulder; long. 27; max. lat. 9.5 mm. 

Dredged at station 2935, in 124 fathoms, off San Diego, California; 
bottom temperature 49°.2 F.; U.S.N.M., 109087. 

A still more slender specimen has only 7 varices, and is somewhat 
intermediate between the type and the variety. It is a common thing 
for the aspinose variety of any species of Boreotrophon to have a 
greater number of varices than the spiny form, in harmony, perhaps, 
with some law of secretion. 


BOREOTROPHON ROTUNDATUS, new species. 


Shell small, with rather short spire and five or more fully rounded 
whorls; nucleus eroded; subsequent whorls with (on the last) about 
14 keeled ribs, angular, but not spinose, at the shoulder, passing over 
the whorl to the base; spiral striation obsolete or none; aperture sub- 
ovate, yellowish within; canal moderate, recurved; lon. of shell 16; 
of aperture and canal 10; max. lat. 7 mm. 

Dredged in Bering Sea, southeast from the Pribilof Islands, by the 
U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross at station 3609, in 74 fathoms, 
mud and sand, bottom temperature 38° F.; U.S.N.M., 149614. 

Iam unable to unite this pretty little shell with any of the other 
species. It is, perhaps, most similar to the BL. cepula Sowerby, var. 
cymatus Dall, a much larger shell. It differs from nearly all the other 
species in having the varices represented by stout ribs, and not by a 
sharp lamina or imbrication. 


BOREOTROPHON CEPULA Sowerby. 


This is the shell described in 1880 in the Thesaurus Conchyliorum, 
and regarded as the Fusus lamellosus Gray, 1839, a specific name pre- 
occupied in both Fusus and Trophon. The true lamellosus of Gray is 
a variety or mutation of Boreotrophon dalli Kobelt, and not the spe- 
cies now under consideration. . cepula is found in from 41 to 85 
fathoms in Bering Sea north of Unimak Island, and in the Pacific 
south of Unimak; also dredged by Captain St. John in 48 fathoms on 
the north coast of Japan. 

The same species has been received from Pleistocene terraces on the 
shores of Voleano Bay, Japan, collected by Pumpelly. It has from 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. — VOL. XXIV, ; 


14 to 20 sharp laminose varices, more or less angular and rarely 
spinose at the shoulder; there is a marked descent from the suture to 
the shoulder in typical examples. The shell is usually finely spirally 
striated and has about five whorls and an average length of 30 mm. 

This somewhat resembles small specimens of 2. da/li, but with care 
is easily discriminated, especially by its more fusiform outline. 

A variety cymatus has the angle obsolete and the whorls rounded; 
it was dredged in 71 fathoms west of the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, 
by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. U.S.N.M., 109091. 


BOREOTROPHON DALLI Kobelt. 


This is the Fusus damellosus Gray, 1839, the Trophon muriciformis 
Dall, 1877, and the Zrophon dalli of Kobelt, 1878. In 1880 Sowerby 
figured it under the name of Zvophon gooderichi, having found it in 
the British Museum labeled 7. goodridgei by Forbes, a name unpub- 
lished. He also confounded it with 7. coronatus A. Adams, a much 
smaller species. It is not the Zrophon muriciformis of King, 1831, 
nor the 7. damellosus of Gmelin. The present species has been 
figured.’ 

The distribution of this shell is known to extend from Cape Frank- 
lin in the Arctic Ocean south through Bering Sea and into the Pacific, 
where it has been dredged to the eastward of Sannak reefs, in 32 to 71 
fathoms by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross. 

A variety with the spines obsolete, the shoulder of the shell sloping, 
and the canal short is the original of Gray’s 7! /amellosus. There is 
one in the National Museum from which his figure might have been 
drawn. 

Another variety, a/tus, has the spire exceptionally elevated. 

The chief peculiarity of this species, apart from its muricoid form, 
is the appearance of the spines on the shoulder, which vary in number 
from 15 to 21, and which often have an appearance as if they were 
independent of the varices and had been separately stuck on to the 
whorl. 

There are usually five whorls, exclusive of the nucleus, and full- 
grown specimens reach about 60 mm. in length. The spire and long 
canal are frequently distorted, and the aperture, usually white, is 
sometimes internally tinged with yellow. 


Section AUSTROTROPHON Dali, 1902, 


TROPHON TRIANGULATUS Carpenter. 


This shell was named by Carpenter in 1863, and more fully described 
from a very young specimen in 1865. Later Mrs. Oldroyd and Miss 
Hale discovered the adult at San Pedro, and after a careful study of 


‘New edition of the Conchylien Cabinet, Fusus, pl. cxxtv, fig. 1, and also in the 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., IX, 1886, pl. rv, fig. 6. 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN ee at DADE: 549 


them I identified the species with © ‘ar penter’ s immatur e fy pe and figured 
both.' It is always a little difficult to be certain about such identifica- 
tions, as the young of various species are very much alike, but in this 
case both have the same form, color, and seven varices, and after 
reviewing the matter I see no reason for changing my original opinion. 
So far this species is only known from San Pedro Channel and Catalina 
Island in 30 to 90 fathoms. The adults are large, solid, and strong, of 
astreaked brown color, with seven varices, usually more or less chipped, 
the spinose prolongations wavy and more or less twisted and often 
very long. ‘There is an obsolete spiral striation and five or six whorls. 
The shell is much attenuated toward the canal, and reaches a length 
of about 100 mm. It has been obtained through the fishermen in con- 
siderable numbers. 


TROPHON CERROSENSIS Dall. 


This is a considerably smaller shell, more delicate and with more 
numerous varices. It is of the same general type as the preceding, 
but has well-marked spiral threading, about ten varices, and, with the 
same number of whorls, measures only about 40 mm. in length. It is 
of a yellowish color, and has been dredged near Cerros Island, Lower 
California, in 9 to 48 fathoms. It is figured.? U.S.N.M., 97072. The 
young shells are quite different from the young B. triangulatus, being 
decidedly more slender and longer, with the same number of whorls. 


TROPHON PINNATUS, new species. 


Shell large, thin and delicate, with a low spire, seven to ten broad 
thin varices mineh expanded near the canal and elongated into spines 
at the shoulder; surface with fine incremental and obsolete fine spiral 
striation; there are about five whorls beside the nucleus, which be- 
tween the suture and shoulder are tabulate; the spines resemble those 
of the two preceding species; the aperture is rounded, with a long, 
wide, open canal, a strongly marked more or less imbricate siphonal 
fasciole, and a deep umbilical perforation; the color is white, pale 
brown, or more or less spirally banded brown or yellowish white. 
Long. 80; of aperture and canal 45; max. lat. (including spines) 57mm. 

Dredged in Magdalena Bay and near Point Abreojos, Lower Cali- 
fornia, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross at stations 
3040, 3048, and 3045, in 21 to 74 fathoms. 

This fine species belongs to the same group as the two preceding, 
and may be distinguished from ZB. triangulatus, which is nearest to it, 
by its more numerous varices and their wide expansion anteriorly, its 
deeply perforate axis, and the absence of the anterior attenuation, 
which is so noticeable in that species. It is also of a lighter rand more 


1Proc. of the U. 8S. Nat. Nees, XIV, 1891, plays figs, 1, 3, and 6. 
*Idem, pl. v, figs. 5 and 7. 


550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


yellowish color. The operculum is like that of the Magellanic Tro- 
phons, purpuroid, and not like th: aut of the Boreotrophons, which is 
fusoid. 

This coneludes our review of this interesting group, to which we 
may expect many species to be added when the deeper waters along 
the continental margin are more thoroughly explored. 


TYPHIS MARTYRIA, new species. 


Shell small, solid, reddish brown, with about six whorls; each whorl 
carries four varical nodes, the long anal tubule in each case nearer to- 
the varix behind it than to the one in front; at the shoulder is a keel, 
between which and the suture the whorl is deeply excavated; the early 
varices are nodular but the final varix is expanded, recurved, convex 
in front, excavated behind, with a recurved spine at the shoulder, and 
slightly crenulated at the outer margin; below the aperture the varix is 
very broad, filling the space between the curved canal and the aper- 
ture; nucleus lost; surface of the whorls nearly smooth, with faint 
incremental lines and elevated lines on the final varix radiating from 
the aperture; the latter is small, nearly a regular oval, with a con- 
tinuous raised margin; aperture internally white with four narrow 
brown spiral lines near the edge; canal wholly closed, long, slender; 
operculum normal; long. of shell 27; diam. of shell 14; of aperture 
4 mm. 

Dredged in the Gulf of California, off the island of San Pedro 
Martir, in 14 fathoms, sand, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross, at station 3013, bottom temperature 65° F. U.S.N.M. 
130629. 

This curious little shell belongs to the typical section of the genus, 
and is most nearly allied to 7) guadratus Hinds, from Guayaquil. The 
latter is a shorter and wider species, which attains only a smaller size. 


PEDICULARIA CALIFORNICA Newcomb. 
Plate XX XVIII, fig. 5. 


ae californica Newcoms, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ITI, 1864, p. 121; IV, 
1872; pli 1; fies 9: 


Farallones Islands, California, and south to Monterey, attached to 
the stems of Gorgonians. U.S.N.M., 56469. 

This beautiful shell is white, clouded with deep rose color, and is 
more or less modified in form by the surface to which it clings. 


ANAPLOCAMUS BOREALIS Dall. 
Plate XX XVIII, fig. 4 
Anaplocamus borealis Dati, Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VITI, 1895, pp. 8-9. 


Pacific Ocean, south of Unimak Island, Alaska, in 61 fathoms, muddy 
bottom, U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/datross. U.S.N.M., 122592. 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHE“LLS—DALL. 551 


This singular shell is bluish white with an olivaceous brown peri- 
ostracum, and is usually more or less eroded. In the adult there seems 
to be a patch of darker color on the body -just outside the callus. Its 
resemblance to a fresh-water shell is obvious, but pending an ana- 
tomical examination it is provisionally referred to the vicinity of 
Trichotropis. 

LITORINA ALEUTICA Dall. 
Plate XXXIX, figs. 4, 6. 
Titorina aleutica Dawu, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., [V, 1872, p. 271, pl. 1, figs. 3, 3a. 


Gull Rocks in Akutan Pass, and on wave-worn rocks at Nazan Bay, 
Atka Island, Aleutians, Dall. U.S.N.M., 1380623. 

The shells are mostly yellow brown, sometimes with lighter bands, 
the throat dark, and the broad pillar white, with a minute umbilical 
perforation. 

LITORINA ATKANA, new species. 
Plate XX XIX, fig. 11. 


Western Aleutians, from Atka Island westward. Figured specimen 
from shore of Little Kyska Island, Kyska Harbor. U.S.N.M., 108986, 
108987. 

Typical form of shell large, solid, nearly smooth, the whorls flat- 
tened next the suture, a few obsolete striations on the base, the gen- 
eral form as figured, the outer lip thin, the pillar broad and white. 
Alt. 20.0, lat. 17.0 mm. 

The most abundant form is of a dark chestnut brown throughout, 
except on the pillar. The variety figured has white bands at the 
suture, periphery, and umbilical region. These bands do not vary in 
position. 

A third mutation, which involves both the preceding color forms at 
times, has the spiral sculpture stronger and more extended over the 
surface, though it never reaches the prominence sometimes attained 
in L. sitkana Philippi, which is a much smaller shell without the 
broad white pillar. The periostracum, usually not very conspicuous, 
is sometimes of a light yellow brown and dense enough to obscure the 
underlying white bands. 

I have recognized and distributed this species under the above name 
for some years, but I believe, by some inadvertence, it has never been 
formally described. 


AMAUROPSIS PURPUREA Dall. 
Plate XX XVIII, fig. 9. 


Amauropsis purpurea Dati, Am. Journ. Conch., VII, Pt. 2, 1871, p. 124, pl. xv, 
fig. 16. 


St. Michael, Norton Sound, Alaska, and northward to Point Barrow. 
U.S.N.M., 108988. 


552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Shell purplish, with the callosities of the aperture white, and an 
adherent periostracum of olive, more or less streaked with brown, 
sometimes with black stains. This species differs from the smaller 
and more slender A. 7slandicus Gmelin, with which it has sometimes 
been confused, by its color, the persistency of its periostracum, and 
its distribution. A. ¢slandicus is not known from the Alaska region 
or the adjacent Polar sea, it is white invariably and the periostracum 
is caducous. It reaches a height of 25 mm., but A. purpurea attains 
nearly 50 mm. 


CALLIOSTOMA VARIEGATUM Carpenter. 
Plate XX XIX, fig. 10. 
Calliostoma variegatum CARPENTER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1865, p. 61. 


Puget Sound and south to San Pedro Channel, California, in 30 to 60 
fathoms. U.S.N.M., 122567. 

This species was described from a young: shell dredged by Dr. 
Kennerley, and only a quarter of an inch (6 mm.) in height. It has long 
remained unique, but of late years the U.S. Fish Commission and 
the seaside laboratory of the University of California at San Pedro 
have obtained adult specimens which reach a height of 28 mm. and a 
width of 26mm. Theadolescent shell has the apical whorls rose color, 
the rest yellowish white, with the alternate spirals stronger, and 
articulated with madder brown both on the spire and the base. As 
the shell gets fully adult the color becomes less lively and the articu- 
lation less distinct, so that the general tone of the shell appears to be 
of a yellowish pink with indications of the nacre shining through. 


CALLIOSTOMA TURBINUM Dall. 
Plate XX XIX, fig. 1. 
Calliostoma turbinum Dau, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1895, p. 8. 


Off Point Conception, California, and eastward to San Diego in 100 
to 500 fathoms, U. S. Fish Commission. U.S.N.M., 122578. 

Shell small, turbinate and thin, the nacre shining with a peculiarly 
coppery luster, the apex white, the periphery painted with purple- 
brown flammules and the spirals more or less articulated with the 
same color. The pillar is white. No attempt has been made in the 
figure to express the color markings. 


CALLIOSTOMA IRIDIUM Dall. 
Plate XX XIX, fig. 3. 


Calliostoma iridium Dati, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1895, p. 7. 


Off Panama, in 127 fathoms sand, bottom temperature 56° F., U.S. 
Fish Commission steamer Albatross. U.S.N.M., 122957a. 
) 


No. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 558 


Color of the shell pinkish waxen, the apex somewhat darker, with 
variable delicate brown flammules, and darker brown ones on the 
periphery of the last whorl. The base is destitute of flammules, and 
the pillar is white. These delicate colors in this as in most shells tend 
to fade somewhat in the cabinet. 


GIBBULA CANFIELDI Dall. 
Plate XX XIX, fig. 2. 
Gibbula canfieldi Datu, Am. Jour. Conch., VII, 1871, p. 129. 


Monterey, Dall; Santa Barbara, Button. U.S.N.M., 162005. 

The color of the shell is pearly with bronze-yellow pencilings 
obliquely to the suture. The original type was long inaccessible, but 
another specimen was obtained by Mr. Button, and it also occurs in 
the Pleistocene. Only two recent specimens are known. 


SOLARIELLA CARLOTTA, new species. 


Shell rather depressed, pearly white covered with a dense, rather 
fibrous, olive-gray periostracum; nuclear whorls eroded, but the shell 
exhibits about four and a half whorls; sculpture of, on the base eight 
minutely distantly nodulous spiral threads stronger and more distant 
as one proceeds from the verge of the umbilicus to the periphery; 
peripheral spiral separated from another above it by an excavated 
channel; these two are the strongest on the shell, and between the upper 
one and the suture is another much feebler thread; the upper two are 
all that show on the spire, as the outer lip runs just above the peripheral 
thread; the radial sculpture comprises incremental lines, and on the 
last whorl about twenty low narrow somewhat oblique riblets about a 
millimeter apart, extending from the suture to the first peripheral 
keel, but not beyond; these riblets nodulate the weak spiral, but are 
only about half as numerous as the nodules on the peripheral spirals; 
suture distinct, not channeled; base rounded; the umbilicus funicular, 
of moderate size, bounded by an inconspicuous keel, above which the 
walls are vertically striated; margins of the aperture simple, sharp, 
the upper lip advancing where it joins the body; pillar lip thin, slightly 
excavated, the distal angle not prominent. Alt. 9.0; max. diam. 
13.5 mm. 

Dredged at station 3342, off the Queen Charlotte Islands, in 1,588 
fathoms, ooze, bottom temperature 36°.3 F., by the U. 8S. Fish Com- 
mission steamer Albatross. U.S.N.M., 109020. 

This species resembles in its type of sculpture S. actinophora of the 
Antilles; the general appearance Is dull and unattractive. Only a single 
individual, tenanted by a small hermit crab, was obtained. 


554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


GANESA ’? PANAMENSIS, new species. 


Shell rather large for the genus, evenly, roundly turbinate, the 
nucleus lost, with about two and a half subsequent inflated whor!s; 
suture distinct, the whorl in front of it narrowly marginate; surface 
smooth, except for fine incremental lines, polished, with about ten 
faint grooves around the very narrowly perforate umbilicus; aperture 
rounded, simple, the outer lip sharp, the inner arcuate and slightly 
thickened, the body with a thin callus; operculum pale horn color, 
with about five whorls; the foot of the animal rather short, with several 
pseudopodial lateral rather stout filaments. Alt. of shell 4.5; max. 
diam. 4.75 mm. 

Dredged by the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer A/batross in the 
Gulf of Panama at station 3393, in 1.020 fathoms, mud; bottom tem- 
perature 36°.8 F. U.S.N.M., 109029. 

I have been somewhat puzzled where to place this little shell, which 
appears to agree in general form very well with G. nétidiuscula 
Jeffreys, as figured in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of 
London for 1883. I have not seen this species; the other of the two 
originally described by Jeffreys is very distinct, having a continuous 
peritreme and the last whorl near the aperture often entirely free 
from the preceding whorl, while the surface is finely granular. This 
form I named Granigyra, of which there are half a dozen species. I 
may add that the figure of Ganesa (Granigyra) pruinosa Jeflreys, in 
the publication above referred to, is exceedingly bad, as it agrees 
neither with the diagnosis given by Jeffreys nor with his specimens. 
Ido not think that the interruption of the peritreme by the surface 
of the penultimate whorl is a systematic character of great impor- 
tance, since many species show this interruption in youth and have a 
complete peritreme later; and sometimes even adult specimens appear 
to vary in this respect in the same species. Miss Bush’s useful paper 
hardly carries the subject far enough to resolve all doubts. The dis- 
tinction between her genus Lissogyra and the older Ganesa, as above 
restricted, is not very clear. But until we know more of the anatomy 
of these small creatures, there will, doubtless, be always more or less 
uncertainty about them. For the present, I shall refer this species to 
Gancsu provisionally. 


MARGARITES VORTICIFERUS Dall. 
Plate XX XIX, figs. 7, 8. 
Margarita vorticifera Dau, Proe. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, 1873, p. 59, pl. 11, figs. 4a—-b. 


Southern portion of Bering Sea, Akutan Pass, and westward to Atka 
Island, Aleutians. U.S.N.M., 126758. 

The shell is of a salmon pink color varying in depth with the indi- 
vidual and its state of preservation. It is a characteristic member of 
the Aleutian subfauna. 


: 


On 
Or 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLIS—DALL. 5 


ZEIDORA FLABELLUM Dall. 
Plate XX XVIII, fig. 8. 
Emarginula flabellum Dau, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1895, p. 10. 


Off Clarion Island, Lower California, in 460 ae sand, at station 
2992, U. S. Fish Commission. U.S.N.M., 12257 

The shell is subtranslucent white. It was ara by the trawl 
and the fragments held in place by the soft parts when received, so 
that it seemed unwise to attempt to free the pieces from the animal 
and the narrow ‘‘ deck” of the limpet was not discovered. More 
study and careful examination revealed the true genus, to which it is 
accordingly transferred. [tis the first west coast ae of the genus. 
The corrected measurements are: Lon. 12.5; lat. 7.75; alt. 3.25 mm. 


SUBEMARGINULA YATESI Dall. 
Plate XX XVIII, figs. 1, 3. 
Subemarginula yatesi Datu, Nautilus, XIV, No. 11, Mar., 1901, p. 125. 


Monterey, California, Dr. L. G. Yates. U.S.N.M., 162062. 

The shell is rude and of a whitish color, somewhat tinged with green- 
ish olive. The furrow and shallow anterior sinus point a little to 
the right of the median line of the shell. It was obtained from a 
dealer in shells at Monterey, who told Dr. Yates that he got two or 
three living specimens from stones brought up in the fishermen’s nets 
in the Bay of Monterey. It is a near relative of S. gigas Martens of 
Japan. 

LEPIDOPLEURUS MESOGONUS, new species. 


Chiton of moderate size, yellowish or ashy white, with a narrow 
girdle dusted with very minute spicules; valves laterally compressed, 
almost keeled at the jugum, and with the sides meeting there at an 
angle of 69°, slightly rounded at the junction; body narrow, ctenidia 
about a dozen on each side, the most anterior even with the front edge 
of the seventh plate; anterior valve simple, without insertion plates, 
sculptured with moderately strong concentric resting stages and fine, 
low, close-set rounded pustules; posterior plate large, similarly sculp- 
tured, with a prominent mucro nearer the oe a the anterior 
edge of the plate, the anterior and posterior areas hardly defined; 
intermediate valves with the lateral areas more or fleas ieneoailan ley 
concentrically ridged, the pleural and jugal tracts less distinctly so, 
the whole covered with uniform pustulation and the inner areas 
defined very obscurely by faint depressions; though angular, the 
jugum is not beaked anteriorly. Lon. of animal about 35; lat. (with 
dry girdle) 9; alt. 6 mm. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross in the Pa- 
cific, off the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, at station 3342, 
in 1,588 fathoms, ooze, bottom temperature 35.3° F.; U.S.N.M., 109019. 

This species is remarkable for the sharp angle made by the planes 
of its valves and for the absence of any regional differentiation of its 
minor sculpture. It is somewhat unusually large for the genus. 


LEPIDOPLEURUS HALISTREPTUS, new species. 


Chiton in general rather similar to the last species and best described 
by a differential diagnosis. The girdle is closely and profusely mi- 
nutely spinulose; the scales, being longer and more dense, do not give 
the dusty effect of those of Z. mesogonus; the valves are rounded 
above, without well-defined lateral areas or notable concentric rugos- 
ities; their mesial angle is about 104°; the minute pustulation is 
smaller and rather more prominent; in the posterior valve the mucro 
is depressed and the areas even more feebly defined; internally the 
valves are callous, the sutural laminz small and subtriangular, the 
lamine of insertion wholly absent and the girdle attached to a surface 
merely a little rougher than the rest. Lon. of animal about 35; lat. 
10; alt. 4.5 mm. 

Dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross off Aca- 
pulco, Mexico, at station 3415, in 1,879 fathoms, mud, bottom tem- 
perature 36° F. (U.S.N.M., 109032), and station 3418, in 660 fathoms, 
bottom temperature 39° F.; U.S.N.M., 109031. 

The rounded back of this species immediately separates it from 
L. mesogonus, a conclusion which the minor characters confirm. In 
the alcoholic specimen the line of the ctenidia extended forward to the 
anterior edge of the fifth valve. 


LEPIDOPLEURUS LURIDUS, new species. 


Chiton small, solid, narrow, of a lurid smoky color, darker on the 
lateral areas; girdle densely pilose, with whitish spicules; back rounded, 
with the jugum defined feebly, most conspicuous as a distinet mucro, 
mesially, on the intermediate valves; pleural areas divided by obscure 
depressed lines radiating from the mucro to the inner edges of the 
pleural laminze; lateral areas prominent, more or less concentrically 
rugose; anterior valve simple, normal; posterior valve with a con- 
spicuous central mucro, behind which it is more or less concave; the 
whole surface is covered with minute, quincuncially arranged pustu- 
lation; on the intermediate valves the pustules on the lateral and 
pleural areas appear to diverge from the inner margin of the lateral 
areas; internally there is a wide unattached margin on the under side 
of the posterior edge, mesially, in the intermediate valves; the pleural 
lamin are short and all the valves callous internally, with the points 
of attachment to muscles and girdle impressed; there is no linear 


> 


No. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELILS—DALL. 557 


arrangement. of the pustules on the jugum; the ctenidia only reach 
the seventh valve. Lon. of animal about 16; lat. 6; alt. 3 mm. 

Dredged in Panama Bay by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross, at station 3393, in 1,020 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 
36.8° F.; U.S.N.M., 109027. 

In the solidity of its valves, its mucronate jugum, and the arrange- 
ment of the pustular sculpture this seems sufficiently distinct from any 
of the described species. 


LEPIDOPLEURUS FARALLONIS, new species. 


Chiton small, thin, wide, withalow rounded back and yellowish-white 
color; girdle narrow, sparsely spiculose, with very short, fine, bristly 
spicules; jugum hardly defined, with no obvious mucro; lateral areas 
slightly elevated and feebly concentrically rugose; anterior valve sim- 
ple; posterior conspicuously mucronate and, behind the mucro, con- 
cave; surface entirely covered with minute, low, close-set pustules, 
arranged quincuncially and to some extent concentrically from the 
mucronal points; pleural laminv short, subtriangular; ctenidial line 
reaching the fifth valve. Lon. of animal about 10; lat. 5.5; alt. 2 mm. 

Dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross off the 
Farallones Islands, near San Francisco, California, at station 3104, in 
391 fathoms, coral, bottom temperature 41° F.; U.S.N.M., 109025. 

This little species has no very striking characters, but, having been 
compared with all the boreal and Pacific species hitherto recorded, it 
was found not to be identical with any of them. 


ISCHNOCHITON STEARNSII, new species. 


Chiton of moderate size, yellowish or buff color; the girdle yellowish- 
white, covered with subcylindric, blunt, smooth, close-set, large spines, 
the ends of which have a pebbly appearance, mixed with a smaller pro- 
portion of small but rather similar spinules; the ends of the large 
spines, when worn flat, have a pavement-like aspect; back not keeled, 
but rather steeply rounded; gills ambient; intermediate valves with a 
dorsal angle of about 90°, the lateral areas prominent, with about five 
radial riblets in each, divaricating to seven or ten at the girdle margin, 
and cut into beads by numerous fine concentric furrows; pleural areas 
and jugum hardly differentiated, sculptured with fine, slightly irregu- 
lar, longitudinal wrinkles, finer mesially, crossed by inconspicuous, 
less elevated transverse lines; anterior valve with fine, beaded, divari- 

_cate radial riblets, the insertion plates and eaves very short, smooth, 
not spongy, with about 17 slits; the posterior valve with a small, low, 
subcentral mucro, from which two elevated lines extend to the margin, 
one on either side, forming two areas, and from which the wrinkled 
sculpture, less prominent on the anterior area, diverges; posterior 


558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


slits about 15, lateral slits 2; sinus rather wide, entire; pleural laminze 
rather wide and short. Lon. of animal about 25; lat. 15; alt. 6 mm. 

Dredged by the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer A/batross, at station 
3104, off the Farallones Islands, in 391 fathoms, coral, bottom tem- 
perature 41° F. U.S.N.M., 109024. 

This species has somewhat the aspect of Zrachyradsia, but presents 
such a mingling of characters that I am in doubt as to which section of 
Ischnochiton would best receive it. 


ISCHNOCHITON SARCOSUS, new species. 


Chiton rather elongate, marbled with scarlet and white, paler mesi- 
ally, rather low and not carinate; the girdle densely set with small, 
curved, smooth bristles of different sizes, dark red and white mixed; 
underside of the girdle chocolate color, and the interior of the valves 
flesh pink; dorsal angle somewhat more than 110°, the jugal region 
being rounded off; intermediate valves with prominent lateral areas 
hardly concentrically or radially sculptured, but finely punctate all over 
and more or less serrate near the girdle on the posterior margin; jugum 
not defined, central area of the valves longitudinally sculptured with 
low inosculating wrinkles which sometimes form diamond-shaped inter- 
stitial excavations; the whole sculpture has an obsolete appearance; 
anterior valve finely punctate, feebly concentrically sculptured; pos- 
terior valve the same, with a low subcentral mucroas in /. magdalenen- 
sis, anterior valve with about 8, posterior about 10 slits, intermediate 
valves with 2 slits; sinus wide, entire; pleural laminze, wide, short; 
lon. in the dry state 36, lat. 15, alt. 5 mm. 

Dredged in 30 fathoms off San Martin Island, Lower California, by 
' Dr. Fred Baker, of San Diego, and also collected at Portuguese Bend, 
near San Pedro, California, by Mr. T. 8. Oldroyd. U.S.N.M., 109048. 

This is an attractive species on account of its fine coloration. It 
would probably go best in Carpenter’s section J/augerella, differing 
from Stenoradsia by the elongate bristly armature of the girdle. 


PELECYPODZA: 
LEDA HAMATA Carpenter. 
Plate XL, fig. 9. 


Leda hamata CARPENTER, Suppl. Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1864, pp. 98, 180; Proc. Cal. 
Acad. Sci., III, Feb., 1866, p. 210. 
Near Catalina Island, California, in about 50 fathoms. U.S.N.M., 
107420. 
Shell small, compressed, and of a dark chestnut brown. I have* 
figured most of the Ledidw of the present northwest American fauna 
in the Bulletin of the Natural History Society of British Columbia, * 


1No. 2, January, 1897. 


, aS Sores 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 559 


PECTEN RANDOLPHI Dall. 
Plate XL, fig. 2. 
Pecten randolphi Dati, Nautilus, XI, No. 8, Dec. 1897, p. 86. 

Occurring in deep water from Bering Sea to west Mexico, in from 
225 to 1,005 fathoms, U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. The 
figured specimen is from west of Destruction Island, State of Wash- 
ington, in 516 fathoms, bottom temperature 38° F. U.S.N.M., LO7749. 

The shell is subtranslucent white, glassy, and extremely thin. It 
belongs to the section Pseudamusium. 


PECTEN DAVIDSONI Dall. 
Plate XL, figs. 5, 6. 
Pecten davidsoni Datu, Nautilus, XI, No. 8, Dec., 1897, p. 86. 


Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands and eastward to Kadiak Island, 
Alaska, in 280 to 351 fathoms. U.S.N.M., 107747. 

Shell waxen white, having the aspect of a Propeamusium externally, 
but really belonging in the section Pseudamusium. It is named in 
honor of Prof. George Davidson, the distinguished geographer and 
astronomer of San Francisco, California. 


CRENELLA MEGAS, new species. 


Shell elongate-oval, inflated, thin, white, slightly perlaceous inter- 
nally; beaks small, low, anteriorly directed; surface very closely, finely, 
evenly, radially threaded, the threads crossed by fine, less obvious, 
incremental lines emphasized at the resting stages; margins very finely 
crenulate internally; ligament long, produced within the hinge line to 
the apex of the beaks, seated on a very thin elongate nymph, which in 
the absence of the ligament looks like a long lateral tooth or lamina; 
hinge line interrupted by the ligament; muscular impressions obscure. 
Alt. 25.5; lat. 17.0; diam. 16.5 mm. 

’ Dredged at station 2795, in Panama Bay, at a depth of 33 fathoms, 
sand, bottom temperature 64° F., by the U. S. Fish Commission 
steamer Albatross. U.S.N.M., 96256. 

This is by all odds the largest Crenclla known. It is very delicate 
and basally the oval profile is attenuated. Only one valve was obtained. 
The hinge line is not strongly crenulated, owing to the delicacy of the 
radial threading. 


LIMOPSIS PANAMENSIS, new species. 


Shell small, moderately convex, of a pale slate color, covered with 
a dark blackish brown pilose periostracum more or less disposed 
in radiating lines; beaks low, plump; hinge area narrow, with a well- 
marked fossette; interior of shell dull bluish white, with six posterior 


560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - VOL. XXIV. 


and three (or four) anterior teeth bifid at their summits; basal margin 
of the valves and part of the anterior and posterior margins denticulate, 
the upper portions plain. Lon. 6.0; alt. 6.0; diam. 3.0 mm. 

Dredged in Panama Bay, at station 3393, in 1,020 fathoms, mud; 
bottom temperature 36°.8 F. U.S.N.M., 109028. 

This little shell is quite similar to Z. minuta, but is constantly 
smaller, of a different color, and with the pelage much blacker and in 
closer-set lines; the form of the valves when compared with Z. minuta 
of the same size is more quadrate, the denticulation of the inner mar- 
gin less extended, and the valves are more delicate. 


VENUS KENNICOTTII Dall. 
Plate XL, fig. 7. 


Mercenaria kennicottiti Daut, Am. Journ. Conch., VII, Pt. 2, 1871, p. 147, pl. xv1, 
fig 

Neah Bay, State of Washington (Swan), and at Little River, Men- 
docino County, California (Harford). U.S.N.M., 75017. 

Shell of a yellowish white with some ferruginous stains externally. 
The original type specimen obtained from the Indians at Neah Bay 
and a young valve obtained by Harford are all the specimens known 
of this rare and interesting species. It belongs to the typical Venus 
of Lamarck (1799), which was named J/ercenaria by Schumacher. 


PANOPEA GLOBOSA Dall. 
Plate XL, fig. 1. 


Panopea (generosa var. ?) globosa Datu, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., III, June, 
1898, p. 831. 

Valves were collected on the beaches at the head of the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia by Dr. Edward Palmer. U.S.N.M., 74884. 

The shell is of a yellowish white color, shorter, thinner, and more 
globose than 7. generosa and probably distinct. It reaches 160 mm, 
in extreme length. 

PANOMYA AMPLA Dall. 


Plate XL, figs. 3, 4. 
Panomya ampla Dati, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., III, June, 1898, p. 839. 
Panopea norvegica MippENnporFF (part) Malak. Rossica, III, 1849, p. 78, pl. xx, 
fig. 11; not of Spengler. 


Recent in the Aleutian region, Gulf of Alaska, and Okhotsk Sea 
in shallow water, and fossil in the Pleistocene of the same region. 
U.S.N.M., 151221. 

The shell is chalky white with a black dehiscent tarry periostracum, 
which is rarely preserved even in the living animal, which the valves 
only partially cover. Xe 


~ 


Ca 
+ 


NO. 1264. ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. Je 


CETOCONCHA SCAPHA, new species. 


Shell small, thin, elongate, subequilateral, evenly rounded in front, 
arcuate below, slightly attenuated and obliquely subtruncate behind; 
valves moderately convex, subtranslucent white with a pale-yellow 
very thin periostracum, with close, very fine radial lines of almost 


microscopic granulations; beaks plump, but not elevated, ligament 


short, brown, situated in the anterior sixth of a narrow escutcheon, 
bounded by a low keel; anterior hinge line slightly arched with a sin- 
ele minute obsolete right cardinal tubercle; posterior hinge line 
straight, the margin subangulate at its extremity behind; ligamentary 
nymph inconspicuous; interior of the valves polished, pallial line sim- 
ple and with the muscular impressions, hardly visible; margins entire, 
sheli slightly gaping behind; soft parts as in (. elongata Dall; lon. 
12.6, alt. 8.2; diam. 6.0 mm. 

Dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross in the 
Gulf of Panama, off Cocos Island in 100 fathoms, mud, at station 3367, 
bottom temperature 57°.1 F. U.S.N.M., 109026. 

This species resembles most nearly C. elongata Dall, from 200 fath- 
oms in the Straits of Florida, a species which is larger and propor- 
tionately higher. It is interesting as being from the most shallow 
water in which the genus is yet known to occur, most of the speci- 
mens having come from great depths. 


BRACHIOPODA. 


TEREBRATALIA HEMPHILLI, new species. 
Plate XL, figs. 8, 10. 


Pliocene of Santa Barbara, between one-half and 1 mile inland from 
the sea, in Arroyo Buero on the Hope ranch; collected by J. Howard 
Wilson. U.S.N.M., 108495. 

Shell substantially as figured, thin, rather compressed or not very 
convex; transverse, valves with low, flattish, ill-defined radial riblets, 
which, except near the beaks, become obsolete toward the middle of 
the valves. Mesial fiexure shallow, broad mesially concave. Area 
narrow, ill defined; foramen narrow, high, incomplete below; puncta- 
tion fine and profuse. Alt. 30.0, lat. 33.0, diam. 12.0 mm. 

Owing to the condition of the shell, which is full of consolidated 
matrix, the interior could not be examined, but the characteristics all 
point toward the species being one of a group abundant on the west 
coast in a recent state and containing such species as 7) transversa 
Sowerby and 7° obsoleta-Dall. A specimen supposed to be of the same 
species has been found in the Pliocene of San Pedro, but I have not 
had an opportunity to make a critical comparative study of the two. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——36 


562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


CRANIA PATAGONICA, new species. 


Upper valve rather depressed, white, rounded except at the posterior 
margin, which is subtruncate; vertex small, prominent, situated at the 
posterior third; surface concentrically rather slightly rugose but not 
lamellose; covered somewhat sparsely with numerous radiating, short, 
minute tubercles or spines; interior of the valve minutely, profusely, 
conspicuously punctate, the muscular and genital impressions feeble, 
the valve feebly marginated; impressions of the divaricator muscles 
feeble; what appears to be a minute accessory impression occurs out- 
side of each divaricator impression close.to the margin; in the center, 
between the divaricators, is a small obscure prominence close to the 
margin; the impressions of the adductors in the valve studied are 
somewhat irregular, reniform, and small; between them but not in con- 
tact medially are the also irregular, smaller imprints of the dorsal 
adjusters; in front of these is an obscure trilobed impression, and in 
front and then still further forward are some very faint vascular mark- 
ings feebly lobulate or dentate near the margin. Lon. of valve 4.5, 
lat. 8.5, alt. 2.0 mm. 

Dredged in 122 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 48° F., at station 
2783, on the west coast of Chilian Patagonia, in the Madre de Dios 
Archipelago, by the U. S. Fish Commission. U.S.N.M., 180516. 

The single valve which was obtained is undoubtedly new, since no 
spinose Crania has hitherto been known. It is also the first indica- 
tion of Crania in this region, the only Antarctic species hitherto 
reported being C. swessi7 Reeve, the locality of which is probably 
Moreton Bay, Australia, although it was erroneously referred to 
Sydney by its describer. 

In this connection the existence of a spinose //eméthyris in Japan 
may be recalled, though in that form the spinules are more intimately 
associated with the lamellose incremental sculpture than in the present 
case, 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PratE XX VII. 


Fig. 1. Nanina (Maerochlamys?) diadema Dall, basal view; major diameter 18.0 
mm.; p. 499. 
2. The same, in profile. 
3. The same, from above. 
4. Vitrea raderi Dall, basal view, the margin of the aperture slightly defective; 
major diameter 4.0 mm.; p. 500. 
5. The same, in profile. 
6. The same, from above. 
Punctum randolphii Dall, from below; major diameter 1.4 mm.; p. 500. 
8. The same, in profile. 
9. The same, from above. 
10. Zonitoides (Pseudohyalina) pugetensis Dall, from below; major diameter 1.5 
mm.; p. 500. 


eg GES as CD! | Pali 


ee ee ee ee 


Od, Oe, 


- NO. 1264. 


5 lute ae 
123 


Fig. 


Fig. 


13. 
14. 
15. 


om Ww tb 


ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 


568 


Ashmunella rhyssa Dall, profile; diameter 16.0 mm.; p. 500. 


Zonitoides (Pseudohyalina) pugetensis Dall, from above; major diameter 1.5 


mm.; p. 500. 
Ashmunella pseudodonta Dall, from below; diameter 14.0 mm.; p. 500. 
Ashmunella rhyssa Dall, from below; diameter 16.0 mm.; p. 500. 
Ashmunella pseudodonta Dall, from above; diameter 14.0 mm.; p. 500. 


Prate XOX VIL. 


. Ceres nelsoii Dall, from above; diameter 27.0 mm.; p. 501. 
. Holospira (Haplostemma) hamiltoni Dall, profile of the basal whorls; p. 501. 
. Ceres nelsoni Dall, basal view; diameter 27.0 mm.; p. 501. 

. Ashmunella ashmuni Dall, basal view; diameter 14.0 mm.; p. 501. 
. Portion of surface of Ceres nelsoni, enlarged to show granular sculpture. 
. Ashmunella ashmuni Dall, from above; diameter 14.0 mm.; p. 501. 

. Ashmunella pseudodonta Dall, profile; diameter 14.0 mm.; p. 500. 

. Ceres nelsoni Dall, profile; diameter 27.0 mm.; p. 501. 

. Ashmunella ashmuni Dall, profile; diameter 14.0 mm.; p. 501. 

. Siphonaria tineolata Orbigny, basal view; longitude 24.0 mm.: p. 501. 
. Holospira ( Haplostemma) hamiltoni Dall, profile; altitude 19.6 mm.; p. 501. 
. Siphonaria alternata Say, basal view; longitude 24.5 nim.; »p. 501. 
. Siphonaria lineolata Orbigny, profile; longitude 24.0 mm.; p. 501. 
. Siphonaria aiternata Say, profile; longitude 24.5 mm.; p. 501. 


PEATE ONGOING 


. Cylichna verrillii Dall; altitude 7.5 mm.; p. 502. 


Retusa mayot Dall; altitude 8.3 mim.; p. 502. 


. Daphneila eugrammata Dall; altitude 9.0 mm.; p. 503. 
. Admete microscopica Dall; altitude 4.3 mm.; p. 504. 

. Muricidea philippiana Dall; altitude 17.4 mm.; p. 504. 
. Terebra rushii Dall; altitude 15.0 mm.; p. 503. 

. Conus stimpsoni Dall; altitude 37.0 mm.; p. 503. 

. Terebra texana Dall; altitude 137.0 mm.; p. 502. 

. Terebra floridana Dall; altitude 70.0 mm.; p. 503. 

. Scala scipio Dall; altitude 16.0 mm.; p. 506. 

. Aurinia dubia Broderip; altitude 69.0 mm.; p. 504. 


Prats XXX. 


Umbraculum (Hyalopatina) rushii Dall; longitude 9.3 mm.; p. 502. 


. Latirus cayohuesonicus Sowerby and Melvill; altitude 16.0 mm.; p. 505. 
. Scala ( Cirsotrema) cochlea Sowerby; altitude 20.0 mm.; p. 506. 

. Scala nitidella Dall; altitude 13.5 mm.; p. 505. ’ 

9. Scala (Acrilla) retifera Dall; altitude 12.5 mm.; p. 506. 


RGLATE NeEXONCT. 


. Arca adamsi Smith, var. conradiana Dall; longitude 7.0 mm.; p. 508. 
. Arca (Cucullaria) sagrinata Dall; longitude 6.0 mm.; p. 508. 

. Pandora ( Kennerleyia) bushiana Dall; longitude 10.0 mm.; p. 511. 

. Pandora (Clidiophora) trilineata Say; longitude 19.0 mm.; p. 511. 

. Meretrix ( Transennella) conradina Dall; longitude 13.5 mm.; p. 509. 


. Muricidea (Pseudoneptunea) multangula Philippi; altitude 31.0 mm.; p. 505. 
. Muricidea ostrearum Conrad; altitude 28.0 mm.; p. 505. 
. Scala (Amexa) mitcheili Dall; altitude 36.0 mm.; p. 506. 
. The same, basal view; diameter 14.0 mm.; p. 506. 


564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Fig. 6. Mactra richmondi Dall; longitude 20.75 mm.; p. 510. : 
7. Meretrix (Transennella) conradina Dall, part of a left valve greatly magnified 
to show the oblique grooving of the margin; p. 509. 

8. Chama lactuca Dall, attached valve from above; longitude 22.0 mm.; p. 509. 
9. Asthenotherus hemphilli Dall; longitude 6.25 mm.; p. 510. 

10. Chama lactuca Dall, free valve, from above; longitude 14.0 mm.; p. 509. 

ll. Crenella pectinula Gould, from cotype; longitude 16.0 mm.; p. 507. 

12. Crenella faba Miller; longitude 18.0 mm.; p. 508. 


IPTWATE NOXOXC. 


Meretrix ( Agriopoma) texasiana Dall; longitude 67.0 mm.; p. 509. 

. Lima albicoma Dall; longitude 8.0 mm.; p. 507. 

Meretrix simpsoni Dall; longitude 15.2 mm.; p. 510. 

. Philobrya atlantica Dall, dorsal view showing nepionic umbones; longitude 
4.0 mm.}; p. 507. 

. The same, side view; longitude 4.0 mm. 

Astarte globula Dall; longitude 8.5 mm.; p. 508. 

. Pandora (Clidiophora) gouldiana Dall; longitude 27.5 mm.; p. 511. 

. Mactrella theringi Dall; longitude 65.0 mm.; p. 510. 

. Pecten (Plagioctenium) gibbus var. amplicostatus Dall; latitude 51.0 mm.; 

p. 507. 


me oo bo 


ST o> ON 


so 0 


PLaTe XXXII: 
Figs. 1-3. Argonauta expansa Dall, three views; longitude 94.0 mm.; p. 511. 


PLATE XXXIV. 


Fig. 1. Tritonofusus (Plicifusus) brunneus Dall; altitude 19.0 mm.; p. 525. 
2. Triionofusus (Plicifusus) rectirostris Carpenter; altitude 32.0 mm.; p. 525. 
3. Fusus? (Roperia) roperi Dall, from type; altitude 26.0 mm.; p. 517. 
4. Pleurotoma (Antiplanes) vinosa Dall; altitude 33.0 mm.; p. 514. 
5. Astyris aurantiaca Dall; altitude 5.0 mm.; p. 531. 
6. Tritonofusus martensi Krause; altitude 40.0 mm.; p. 526. 
7. Murex (Pteropurpura) petri Dall; altitude 50.0 mm.; p. 532. 
8. Pleurotoma (Antiplanes) perversa Gabb; altitude 44.0 mm.; p. 513. 
9. Murex (Pteropurpura) carpenteri Dall; altitude 38.0 mm.; p. 532. 
PLATE XXXYV. 
Fig. 1. Beringius crebricostatus Dall; altitude 124.0 mm.; p. 530. 
2. Volutopsius (beringi Middendortf var.?) kobelti Dall; altitude 96.0 mm.; p. 528. 
3. Beringius? kennicottii Dall; altitude 130.0 mm.; p. 580. 
4. Scaphella stearnsti Dall; altitude 146.0 mm.; p. 517. 
PrarE XXXVE-. 
Fig. 1. Pleurotoma circinata Dall; altitude 80.0 mm.; p. 515. 
2. Volutopsius castaneus Morch; altitude 79.0 mm.; p. 529. 
3. Volutopsius attenuatus Dall; altitude 58.0 mm.; p. 529. 
4, Tritonofusus (Plicifusus) roseus Dall; altitude 23.0 mm.; p. 526 
5. Chrysodomus tabulatus Baird; altitude 92.0 mm.; p. 524. 
6. Volutopsius regularis Dall; altitude 63.0 mm.; p. 529. 
7. Tritonofusus (Plicifusus) spitzbergensis Reeve; altitude 57.0 mim.; p. 526. 
8. Tritonofusus (Plicifusus) virens Dall; altitude 15.5 mm.; p. 525." 
9. Tritonofusus hallii Dall, from type; altitude 42.0 mm.; p. 525. 
10. Tritonofusus (Plicifusus) herendeenii Dall; altitude 70.0 mm.; p. 527. 


No. 1264. 


Fig. 


oh eR 


ile 


=~] 


Ooms SD 8 


DOOMUD MP ON 


a 
ee 


MOIR MP WN 


ILLUSTRATIONS OF AMERICAN SHELLS—DALL. 565 


Prats XXX VII. 


Buccinum angulosum Gray, female; feebly carinated and ribbed; altitude 
58.0 mm.; p. 517. 


. Buccinum angulosum Gray, male; variety subcostatum Dall; ecarinate sparsely 


ribbed form; altitude 45.0 mm.; p. 518. 


. Buecinum angulosum Gray, female; typical form on which the species was 


founded, strongly carinated and sharply ribbed; altitude 48.0 mm.; p. 518. 


. Buccinum percrassum Dall; altitude 34.0 mm.; p. 518. 
. Buecinum plectrum Stimpson, female; altitude 40.0 mm.; p. 519. 
. Buccinum angulosum Gray, var. normale Dall, male; normal form without ribs 


or carina; altitude 40.0 mm.; p. 518. 


. Buccinum castaneum Dall, female; normal and typical form; altitude 63.0 


mm.; p. 519. 


. Buccinum picturatum Dall, female; from type; the coloration is not indicated; - 


altitude 55.0 mm.; p. 520. 


. Buccinum (castaneum Dall, variety) tricarinatum Dall, female; altitude 58.0 


mm.; p. 519. 


Prats XX XVIII. 


. Subemarginula yatesi Dall, from above; longitude 51.0 mm.; p. 555. 
. Liomesus canaliculatus Dall; altitude 35.5 mm.; p. 531, 

. Subemarginula yatesi Dall, view of the interior. 

. Anaplocamus borealis Dall; altitude 17.0 mm.; p. 550. 

. Pedicularia californica Newcomb; altitude 10.0 mm.; p. 550. 

. Cancellaria middendorffiana Dall; altitude 17.5 mm.; p. 516. 

. Liomesus nux Dall, from type; altitude 31.0 mm.; p. 530. 

. Zeidora flabellum Dall; longitude 12.5 mm.; p. 595. 

. Amauropsis purpurea Dall; altitude 35.0 mm.; p. 551. 


PHATE) XXOCIX: 


. Calliostoma turbinum Dall; altitude 12.0 mm.; p. 552. 


Gibbula canfieldi Dall; altitude 10.0 mm.; p. 553. 


. Calliostoma iridium Dall; altitude 20.0 mm.; p. 552. 

. Litorina aleutica Dall, from above; latitude 12.0 mm.; p. 551. 

. Drillia empyrosia Dall, from type; altitude 31.0 mm.; p. 516. 

. Litorina aleutica Dall, profile; altitude 11.0 mm.; p. 551. 

. Margarites vorticiferus Dall, basal view; latitude 16.0 mm.; p. 554. 

. The same in profile; altitude 11.5 mm. 

. Buccinum tenellum Dall, from type; altitude 22.25 mm.; p. 519. 

. Calliostoma variegatum Carpenter, adult; altitude 25.0 mm.; p. 552. 
. Litorina atkana Dall, banded variety; altitude 20.0 mm.; p. 551. 


PLATE XL. 


. Panopea (generosa variety?) globosa Dall; longitude 160.0 mm.; p. 560. 
. Pecten (Pseudamusium) randolphi Dall; altitude 27.0 mm.; p. 559. 
. Panomya ampla Dall, exterior; altitude 83.0 mm.; p. 560. 


The same, interior view. 


. Pecten (Pseudamusium) davidsoni Dall; altitude 14.7 mm.; p. 559. 
. The same, view of left valve. 


Venus kennicottii Dall, type; longitude 66.0 mm.; p. 560. 


. Terebratalia hemphilli Dall, from the Pliocene of Santa Barbara, hzeemal view; 


width 35.0 mm.; p. 561. 


. Leda hamata Carpenter; longitude 9.0 mm.; p. 558. 
10. 


Terebratalia hemphilli Dall, ventral view; width 35.0 mm.; p. 561. 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


INDEX TO GENERA. 


{Names in italics are newly proposed. | ali 


Acrilla, 506. 
Actzeon, 512. 
Actinotrophon, 534, 541. Ganesa, 554. 
Acus, 503. Gibbula, 553. 
Admete, 504. 


Fusus, 517. Plagioctenium, 507. 
Pleurotoma, 513, 515. 
Plicifusus, 523, 525. 
Pseudamusium, 559. 
Pseudoneptunea, 505. 


Agriopoma, 509. 
Ameea, 506. 
Amauropsis, 551. 
Anaplocamus, 550. 
Ancistrolepis, 523. 
Antiplanes, 513. 
Antistreptus, 582. 
Area, 508. 
Argonauta, 511. 
Ashmunella, 500. 
Astarte, 508. 
Asthenotheerus, 510. 
Astyris, 531. 
Atractus, 520. 
Aurinia, 504. 


Austrotrophon, 534, 548. 


Beringius, 524, 529. 
Boreofusus, 524. 


Boreotrophon, 533, 537, 543. 


Buccinopsis, 530. 
Buecinum, 517. 


Calliostoma, 552. 
Cancellaria, 516. 
Ceres, 501. 
Cetoconcha, 561. 
Chalmon, 535. 
Chama, 509. 


Haplostemma, 501. 
Heliotropis, 522. 
Hemithyris, 562. 
Holospira, 501. 
Hyalopatina, 502. 


Ischnochiton, 557. 
Jumala, 529. 
Kennerleyia, 511. 


Latirus, 505. 
Leda, 558. 


Lepidopleurus, 555. 


Lima, 507. 
Limopsis, 559. 


Liomesus, 524, 530. 


Lissogyra, 554. 
Litorina, 551. 


Mactra, 510. 
Mactrella, 510. 
Margarita, 554. 
Margarites, 554. 
Maugerella, 558. 
Mercenaria, 560. 
Meretrix, 509, 510. 
Microglyphis, 512. 


Pseudohyalina, 500. 
Pteronotus, 532. 
Pteropurpura, 532. 
Pterymurex, 532. 
Punctum, 500. 


Retusa, 502. 
Rhombus, 520. 
Roperia, 517. 


Seala, 505. 
Scaphella, 517. 
Sipho, 520. 
Siphonaria, 501. 
Siphonella, 520. 
Siphonorbis, 520, 522. 
Solariella, 553. 
Stenoradsia, 558. 
Strombella, 521. 
Subemarginula, 555. 
Subula, 503. 
Sulcosinus, 524. 


Terebra, 502. 
Terebratalia, 561. 
Toledonia, 512. 
Trachyradsia, 558. 
Transennella, 509. 
Tritonellium, 520. 


Chiton, 555. Mipus, 535. 
Chrysodomus, 520, 522,525. Mohnia, 523. Trophon, 533, 535, 548. 
Cirsotrema, 506. Murex, 532. Trophonopsis, 533, 538, 541, 
Clidiophora, 511. Muricidea, 504. 546. 

Conus, 503. Troschelia, 524. 

Crania, 562. Typhis, 550. 

Crenella, 507, 559. 
Ctenoides, 507. 
Cucullaria, 508. 
Cylichna, 502. 


Tritonofusus, 520, 522, 525. 


Nanina, 499. 
Neptunea, 520, 536. 
Neptunella, 520. Ukko, 529. 
Umbraculum, 502. 
Pagodula, 534, 539. 
Pandora, 511. 
Panomya, 560. 
Panopea, 560. 
Pecten, 507, 559. 
Pedicularia, 550. 
Philobrya, 507. 
Pinon, 535. 

Pirgos, 535, 542. 


Venus, 560. 

Vitrea, 500. 

Voluta, 517. 

Volutopsis, 521, 523. 
Volutopsius, 521, 523, 527. 


Daphnella, 503. 
Drillia, 516. 


Eephora, 522. 
Emarginula, 555. 
Zeidora, 555. 


Fossularea, 508. Zonitoides, 500. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXVII 


PULMONATA, CHIEFLY NORTH AMERICAN. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 562. 


‘U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXVIII 


AMERICAN PULMONATA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXIX 


\\ 


vi 


“~ 


WON 
wht 
\ 


East AMERICAN GASTROPODS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXX 


East AMERICAN GASTROPODS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXXI 


East AMERICAN PELECYPODS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXXII 


Be 
see 


hh 


ta 


East AMERICAN PELECYPODS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 564, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXXIIl 


ARGONAUTA EXPANSA DALL, GULF OF CALIFORNIA 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 564. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXXIV 


WeEST AMERICAN GASTROPODS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 564. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM : PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXXV 


West AMERICAN GASTROPODS. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 564. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXXVI 


WeEsT AMERICAN GASTROPODS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 564. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXXVII 


ALASKAN BUCCINUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 565. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXXVIII 


WEsT AMERICAN GASTROPODS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 565. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ; PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XXXIX 


WeEST AMERICAN GASTROPODS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 565. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XL 


or 
s 


WesT AMERICAN PELECYPODS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 565. 


A REVIEW OF THE SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN. 


By Davip Srarr JORDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, 
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


In the present paper is given a descriptive catalogue of the Salmon- 
ide, Argentinide, and Salangidz known to inhabit the waters of Japan. 
It is based on material obtained by the writers in 1900, series of the 
specimens being in the museum of Leland Stanford Junior University 
and in the United States National Museum. 


Family I. SALMONID. 


= SALMON FAMILY. 


Body oblong or elongate, covered with cycloid scales. Head naked. 
Mouth terminal, large or small, varying much in the different genera; 
maxillary forming the lateral margin of the upper jaw, provided with 
a supplemental bone; premaxillaries not protractile. Teeth various, 
sometimes wanting. - Gills 4,a slit behind thefourth. Pseudobranchize 
present. Gill rakers various; gill membranes not connected, free 
from the isthmus; branchiostegals 10 to 20. No barbels. Dorsal 
usually nearly median, not greatly elongate, its rays 9 to 15, only one 
or two of the anterior simple or rudimentary, the others branched; 
adipose fin present; caudal fin forked; anal fin moderate or rather long; 
ventrals moderate, nearly median; pectorals placed low. Lateral line 
present. Abdomen rounded in outline.  Parietals not in contact, 
separated at middle by the intervention of the supraoccipital, which 
connects with the frontals; epipleural appendages not developed. Air 
bladder large, stomach siphonal; pyloric czca very numerous. Ove 
large, falling into the cavity of the abdomen before exclusion. As 
now restricted, this is no longer one of the large families of fishes, but 
in beauty, activity, gameness, and quality as food, and even in size 
of individuals, different members of the group stand easily with the 
first among fishes. The Salmonide are confined to the northern 
regions, and north of about 40° N., everywhere abundant where suit- 
able waters occur. Some of the species, especially the larger ones, are 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1265. 


568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


marine and anadromous, living and growing in the sea, and entering 
fresh waters to spawn. Still others live in running brooks, entering 
lakes or the sea as the occasion serves, but not habitually doing so. 
Others again are lake fishes, approaching the shore, or entering brooks 
in the spawning season, at other times retiring to waters of consider- 
able depth. Some of them are active, voracious, and gamy, while 
others are comparatively defenseless and will not take the hook. The 
large size of the eggs and their lack of adhesiveness, with the ease by 


te) = lies 
W sre the eggs may be impregnated, render the Salmon and Trout 
especially adapted for artificial culture. The Salmonide are of com- 
paratively recent evolution, few of them occurring as fossils, except 
in the most recent deposits. The instability of the specific forms 
and the lack of sharply defined specific characters may be in part 
attributed to their recent origin, as Dr. Giinther has suggested. 
a. Mouth deeply cleft, the long lower jaw articulating with the quadrate bone behind 
the eve, the maxillaries rather narrow. 

b. Salmonine. Dentition strong and complete; conical teeth on jaws, vomer, and 
palatines; tongue with two series of strong teeth (sometimes deciduousin y ery 
old specimens); scales small. 

c. Anal fin elongate, of 14 to 17 developed rays; gill rakers 20 to 40; branchios- 
tegals 12 to 16; vomer narrow, long, flat, with weak teeth; species spotted 
With l elk qi sche aul is 2S ey Oar eae aa Rae eee ea Oncorhynchus, 1. 

Anal fin shorter, of 9 to 13 developed rays; ef rakers 10 to 15; branchioste- 
gals 10 to 14. 

d. Vomer flat, its toothed surface plane; teeth on the shaft of the vomer in 
alternating rows or in one zigzag row, those on the shaft placed directly 
on the surface of the bone, not on a free crest; posterior vomerine teeth 
sometimes deciduous; species black spotted .............-.--.- Salmo, 2. 

dd. Vomer boat-shaped, the shaft strongly depressed, without teeth; hyoid 

bone with very weak teeth or none; species not anadromous. 
e. Scales moderate, silvery; body covered with small, black spots; head 


ilattened above, the jawslone. s_ 2-2. a2. 2<seees. ae eee Hucho, 3. 
ee. Seales small (about 200); body with round, red, whitish or yellowish 
spots: sheadtnotdepressedsee- o> eae e sare =a eee Salvelinus, 4. 


aa. Plecoglossine. Dentition feeble; premaxillaries with a few pointed teeth; teeth 

of maxillaries and of lower jaw broad, truncated, serrate lamellz, movable, 

each in a fold of skin; inside of mouth behind lower jaw with folds of skin; 
tongue with minute teeth; vomer with few or none; scales very small. 

Plecoglossus, 5. 


1. ONCORHYNCHUS Suckley. 
QUINNAT SALMON. 
Oncorhynchus Suckiey, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1861, p. 312 (scouleri). 
Hypsifario Giuu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 330 (kennerlyi). 
Body elongate, subfusiform, or compressed. Mouth wide, the max- 
illary long, lanceolate, usually extending beyond the eye; jaws with 
moderate teeth, which become in the adult male enormously enlarged 


in front. Vomer long and narrow, flat, with a series of teeth both on 
the head and the shaft, the latter series comparatively short and weak; 


aX 


no.1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 569 


palatines with a series of teeth; tongue with a marginal series on each 
side; teeth on vomer and tongue often lost with age; no teeth on the 
hyoid bone. Branchiostegals more or less increased in number. 
Scales moderate or small. Dorsal fin moderate; anal fin comparatively 
elongate, of 14 to 20 rays. Pyloric appendages in increased number. 
Gill rakers rather numerous. Ova large. Sexual peculiarities very 
strongly developed; the snout in the adult males in summer and fall 
greatly distorted; the premaxillaries prolonged, hooking over the 
lower jaw, which in turn is greatly elongate and somewhat hooked at 
tip; the teeth on these bones also greatly enlarged. The body becomes 
deep and compressed; a fleshy hump is developed before the dorsal 
fin, and the scales of the back become embedded in the flesh; the flesh, 
which is red and rich in spring, becomes dry and poor. Salmon, 
mostly of large size, ascending the rivers tributary to the North Pacific 
in North America and Asia, spawning in the autumn. The genus is 
very close to Salmo, differing only in the increased number of certain 
organs. The species never feed in the rivers and die after spawning. 
(6vKos, hook; PUyyos, snout.) 


eo! ee ee ee a 


a. Oncorhynchus. Gill rakers comparatively short and few (20 to 30 in number). 
b. Scales very small, more than 160 (160 to 210) in a longitudinal series above the 
lateral line. 
c. Caudal fin large, with oblong black spots; branchiostegals 11 or 12; anal rays 
TB) ee eee Se es oe TE ce eae Og Sr (gorbuscha.') 


1ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA (Walbaum). 


HUMPBACK SALMON OF ALASKA. 


Salmo gorbuscha WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 1792, p. 69; Kamchatka, after the Gorbuscha of Pen- 
nant and Krascheninnikow. 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha JORDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 305.—JORDAN and EVERMANN 
Fishes N. and M. Amer., I, 1896, p. 478. 

Salmo gibber BLOCH and SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth, 1801, p. 409; Kamchatka, after Krascheninnikow. 

Salmo proteus PALuLas, Zoogr. Russo-Asiatica, III, 1811, p. 376; Bering Sea.—SucKLEY Monogr. 
Salmo, 1861 (1874), p. 97. 

Oncorhynchus scouleri GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 108. 

Salmo scouleri RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., III, 1856, p. 158; Observatory Inlet. 

Oncorhynchus proteus GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 157. 

Salmo tschawytschiformis SMITT, I Riksmuseeum Befintliga Salmonider, 1886, p. 161; Port Clarence. 


B. 11 or 12. Gill rakers 183+15. A. (developed rays) 15; D. 11; scales 215 (210- 
240), those of the lateral line larger, 170. Pyloric czeca very slender, about 180. 
Body rather slender, in the female plump and symmetrical, in the autumn males 
very thin and compressed, with the fleshy dorsal hump much developed and the 
jaws much elongated, strongly hooked, and with extravagant canines in front. Ven- 
tral appendage half the length of the fin. Color bluish; sides silvery; back poste- 
riorly, adipose fin, and tail with numerous black spots; those on the caudal fin 
particularly large and oblong in form; autumn males red, more or less blotched with 
brownish; weight 3 to6 pounds; Pacific coast and rivers of North America and Asia 
from Oregon northward, and southward to Kamtchatka, not yet known from Japan; 
occasionally taken in the Sacramento. Known at once by the very small size of the 
scales, and by the coarse oblong spots on the tail. The flesh is much inferior to that 
of tschawytscha and nerka. 

(gorbuscha, the Russian vernacular name in Alaska. ) 


570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


ec. Caudal fin small; unspotted; branchiostegals 14 or 15; anal rays about 

1a eee oo Seas aneoces fase sssbsSese8 sooo soucscodes: masou, 1. 

bb. Scales medium, about 145 (138 to 155) in a longitudinal series; pylorie ceca 
about 150. 

d. Anal rays 13 or 14; black spots small or obsolete; branchiostegals 13 or 14; 

caudal broad; body mottled blackish and silvery..--...-----.--- keta, 2. 

dd. Anal rays about 16; back and upper fins with round black spots; B. 15 to 

1S eee Sete AM (Ate el Seed is Sai fee ee (tschawytscha*') 

bbb. Scales comparatively large, about 130 (125 to 135) in a longitudinal series; 

pyloric czeca 50 to 80; tip of dorsal black; black spots few ----.---- kisutch, 3 

aa. Hypsifario: Gill rakers comparatively long and numerous (33 to 40 in number); 

scales large, about 130; back in adults unspotted, clear blue in spring, red in 

fall; young more or less spotted in front of dorsal; landlocked examples small 

and more closelysspottedh: 062 s2ece tei oh. Sales ee nerka, 4 


1ONCORHYNCHUS TSCHAWTSCHA (Walbaum). 


QUINNAT SALMON; TCHAVICHE; KING SALMON OR CHINNOOK SALMON, 


Salmo tschawytscha WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 1792, p. 71; rivers of Kamchatka; after the Tschaw 
itscha of Krascheninnikow, Desc. Kamchatka, 1768, p.178, and the Tschawytscha of Pennant, 
1792.—BLocH and SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 407. 

Oncorhynchus tschawytscha JORDAN and EVERMANN, Fishes N. and M. Amer., I, 1896, p. 479. 

Salmo orientalis PALLAS, Zoogr. Ross.-Asiat., III, 1811, p. 367; Kamchatka. 

Oncorhynchus orientalis GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 159. 

Salmo quinnat RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., III, 1836, p. 219; Columbia River, and of many 
writers. 

Salmo argyreus SUCKLEY, Pacific R. R. Sury., XII, 1860, Pt. 2, p. 326, and Monogr. Salmo, 1861 
(1874), p. 110. 

Fario argyreus GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1856, p. 218; Cape Flattery, Fort Steilacoom. 

Oncorhynchus quinnat GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 158.—JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, p. 69. 

Salmo confluentus SUCKLEY, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., December, 1858, and Pacific R. R. Surv., 
XII, 1860, Pt. 2, p. 334; Puyallup River, near Fort Steilacoom (Coll. Suckley); and Monogr. 
Salmo, 1861 (1874), p. 109. 

Oncorhynchus chowicha JORDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 306. 

Head 4; depth 4. B. 15 or 16 to 18 or 19, the number on the two sides always 
unlike. D. 11; A. 16. Gill rakers usually 9 + 14 (i. e., 9 above the angle and 14 
below). Pyloric cxeca 140 to 185; scales usually 27-146-29; the number in a longi- 
tudinal series varying from 140 to 155, and in California specimens occasionally as 
low as 135. Vertebree 66. Head conic, rather pointed in the females and spring 
males. Maxillary rather slender, the small eye behind its middle. Teeth small, 
longer on sides of lower jaw than in front; vomerine teeth very few and weak, dis- 
appearing in the males. In the males in late summer and fall the jaws become 
elongated and distorted, and the anterior teeth much enlarged, as in the related 
species. The body then becomes deeper, more compressed, and arched at the shoul- 
ders, and the color often nearly black. Preopercle and opercle strongly convex. 
Body comparatively robust, its depths greatest in its middle. Ventrals inserted 
behind middle of dorsal, ventral appendage half the length of the fin; caudal, as 
usual in this genus, strongly forked, on a rather slender caudal peduncle. Color 
dusky above, often tinged with olivaceous or bluish; sides and below silvery; head 
dark slaty, usually darker than the body and little spotted; back, dorsal fin, and 
tail usually profusely covered with round black spots (these are sometimes few, but 
very rarely altogether wanting); sides of head and caudal fin with a peculiar metal- 
lic tin-colored luster; male, about the spawning season (October), blackish, more or 
less tinged or blotched with dull red. Flesh red and rich in spring, becoming paler 
in the fall as the spawning season approaches. Length 2 to 5 feet. Usual weight 
in the Columbia River 22 pounds, in the Sacramento 16 to 18 pounds; in smaller 
rivers still less, but individuals of 70 to 100 pounds have been taken. Alaska, Oregon, 
and California, southward to Ventura River, and to northern China, ascending all 


‘ 


no. 1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 571 


1. ONCORHYNCHUS MASOU (Brevoort). 
MASU; YEZOMASU. 


Salmo masou Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 275, pl. rx, fig. 2; Hakodate; 
(description from a very bad drawing; 

Oncorhynchus yessoensis H1LGENDOoRF, Monatsber. Ges. Ostasien, XI, 1876, p. 25; 
Hokkaido. 

Head 4 in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 3¢ in head; 
snout 43; eye 7; maxillary 24+; D. 13; A. 15; scales in lateral series 
about 190; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal about 29. | 

Interorbital space convex, 34 in length of head; maxillary extending 
considerably beyond eye; gill rakers 12+17 on first arch, long and 
slender; branchiostegals 13. Teeth on jaws weak, a few very small 
ones on palatines and vomer. Opercle and preopercle strongly convex 
behind; caudal fin forked, strong and short, contained about 5 times 
in the length; pectoral 13 in head; ventral 24; the ventral appendage 
almost two-thirds the length of fin. 

Coloration rather dark; sides silvery; no distinct black spots on 
body or fins; tip of dorsal and inside of pectorals and ventrals blackish. 
Here described from an immature female specimen in alcohol, 360 mil- 
limeters long, from Aomori. The accompanying figure is taken from 


this specimen. 


This species resembles the Hum»pback salmon of Alaska and British 
Columbia (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Walbaum). It seems to differ, 
however, in the larger scales (about 190) and the larger number of 
branchiostegals, 13 to 16 instead of 11 or 12 as in O. gorbuscha. The 
caudal fin lacks the large oblong black spots seen in QO. gorbuscha. 
The species also resembles QO. eta, but can be usually distinguished by 
the smaller size, smaller scales, darker fins, and narrower caudal. The 
tip of the dorsal and the inside of the pectorals and ventrals are very 


large streams; especially abundant in the Columbia and Sacramento rivers, where it 
is the principal salmon. The usual order of salmon running in the streams of Oregon 
and Washington is nerka, tschawytscha, kisutch, gorbuscha, and keta. Those which start 
first go farthest. This species ascends the large streams in spring and summer, moving 
up, without feeding, until the spawning season, by which time many of those which 
started first may have traveled more than 1,000 miles. It ascends the Snake River 
to the neighborhood of Upper Salmon Falls, where it spawns in October and Noyem- 
ber. In the Salmon River of Idaho it ascends to the headwaters, more than 1,000 
miles from the sea, where it spawns in August and early September when the water 
has reached a temperature of about 54° F. Afterspawning, most or all of those 
which have reached the upper waters perish from exhaustion. It is by far the most 
valuable of the species of salmon. It has lately been introduced into streams of 
eastern North America, and should be introduced into the streams of Japan, where 
as yet it is unknown. 

(tschawytscha, better spelled by earlier writers Tchaviche, the vernacular name in 
Alaska and Kamchatka. ) 


5(2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


dark. A third specimen, obtained in salt at Aomori, came from the 
Ishikari River at Sapporo in Hokkaido. We have also young examples 
said to have been taken in the Daiya River at Nikko. The species is 
thus far known only from the island of Hokkaido, from the neighbor- 
ing shores of the province of Aomori, and from the Daiya River. 

The Japanese fishermen fail to distinguish the smaller salmon 
(masou, kisutch) from the adult of the Japanese trout (Salmo perry?), 
calling them all alike J/asw, in opposition to the large salmon 0. feta, 


Fic. 1.—ONCORHYNCHUS MASOU. 


called Sake, and the young trout, which are called Yamabe. This 
confusion extends to some of the published writings. The different 
species are, however, correctly distinguished by Hilgendorf. In his 
account of QO. yessoens’s Hilgendorf, however, counts 133 to 137 scales 
in the lateral line. This leaves some doubt as to the specimen he- 
had in hand. He finds also 16 dorsal rays, doubtless including the 
rudiments. 

(masu the Japanese name of small salmon; yeso is the old name of 
the great island now called Hokkaido, or *t North Shore.”) 


2. ONCORHYNCHUS KETA (Walbaum). 
SAKE; DOG SALMON; CALICO SALMON. 


Salmo keta vel kayko Watpaum, Artedi Piscium, 1792, p. 72; Rivers of Kam- 
chatka; after the Keta or Kayko of Pennant and Krascheninnikow. 

Oncorhynchus keta JORDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 305. 

Salmo lagocephalus Patuas, Zoogr. Ross.-Asiatica, III, 1811, p. 372; Bering Sea. 

Oncorhynchus lagocephalus GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 161. 

Salmo japonensis Pauuas, Zoogr. Ross.-Asiatica, III, 1811, p. 382; Kurile 
Islands; Amur River. 

Salmo dermatinus RicHarpson, Voyage Herald, Zodl., 1854, p. 167; Yukon 
River. 

Salmo consuetus RicHARDSON, Voyage Herald, Zool., 1854, p. 168; Yukon River. 

Salmo canis Suckiey, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858, p. 9; and Monogr. Salmo, 
1861, p. 101 (1874); Puget Sound.—Jorpan and Evermany, Fish. N. and M. 
Amer., I, 1896, p. 478; San Francisco; Kamchatka; Bering Straits. 

Oncorhynchus haberi H1itGENporF, Monatsber., Ges. Ost-Asien, XI, 1876, p. 25; 
Hokkaido.—Isnixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 20; Nishibetsu R., Yechigo, 
Matsushiro, Shinshin. 


Head 4; depth 4; D. 9; A. 13 or 14; scales about 28-150-30; B. 18 
or 14, rather broad; gill rakers 9+15; pyloric ceca 140-185. General 


no. 1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 578 


form of O. tschawytscha, but the head proportionately longer, more 
depressed and pike-like; the preopercle more broadly convex behind, 
and the maxillary extending considerably beyond eye; gill rakers few, 
coarse, and stout asin the Quinnat; accessory pectoral scale short, not 
half the length of fin; caudal fin broad. Dusky above; sides paler, 
little lustrous; back and sides with no defined spots, but only fine 
specklings, which are often entirely obsolete; head dusky, scarcely any 
metallic luster on head or tail; caudal dusky, plain, or very tinely 
maculate, its edge usually distinctly blackish; fins all mostly blackish, 
especially inmales; breeding males generally blackish above, with sides 
brick red, often barred or mottled. Weight 8 to 12 pounds. Hok- 
kaido to Kamchatka, and south to northern California, ascending all 
streams in the autumn, and spawning at no great distance from the sea. 
At the time of its run the males of this species are much distorted and 
the flesh has little value. It is the common large salmon of northern 
Japan swarming in its rivers in the fall. It is known to all fishermen 


FIG. 2.—ONCORHYNCHUS KETA. 


as Sake. It ranges southward to Same and Noto, and the annual value 
of the product is given by Matsubara at $400,000. Salted salmon is 
valued as a New Year’s present in Japanese homes. 

This description is from specimens from Puget Sound. The figure 
is taken from an old male from Hakodate, much distorted and entirely 
black. The extreme lankness of this individual is not well shown in. 
the figure. Our specimens are from Ishikari River, Hokkaido, in the 
markets of Aomori and Hakodate. One of these weighing 9 pounds 
showed the following characters: Scales 160; B. 14 to 16; anal fin high, 
with concave edge, less faleate than in O. masou, its rays ILI, 14; 
(II, 15; ILI, 13 in other specimens); first anal ray 2 in head; head 44 
in length; depth 4. Coloration dirty silvery, blotched with darker, 
no black spots; pectorals, ventrals, and dorsals blackish, the paired 
fins darker on the inner edge, the dorsals on its anterior half. Old 
males are still darker, almost black, and extravagantly distorted. The 
flesh in this species is pale and pasty, unfit for canning purposes, and 


574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


in all respects less valuable than in any of the other species of Onco- 
rhynchus. The introduction of better species to the Japanese rivers Is 
a matter of great economic importance. 

(Aeta, a vernacular name in Kamchatka.) 


3. ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH (Walbaum.) 
GINMASU, SILVER SALMON, KISUTCH. 


? Salmo milktschitch Wausaum, Artedi Piscium, 1792, p. 70; Bering Sea; after 
Milktschutsch or Milktschitsch of Pennant and Krascheninnikow; probably the 
young of kisutch. 

Salmo kisutch WauBaum, Artedi Piscium, 1792, p. 70; rivers and lakes of Kam- 
chatka; after the Aisutch of Pennant. 

? Salmo striatus Buoca and ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 407; Kamchatka; 
after Milktschitsch of Krascheninnikow. 

Salmo kysutch Buocw and Scuneiper, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 407; Kamchatka; 
after Pennant. 

Salmo sanguinolentus Patuas, Zoogr. Ross.-Asiat., III, 1811, p. 379; Bering Sea. 

Salmo tsuppitch RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., III, 1836, p. 224; Columbia 
River.—GtnTuHErR, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 118. 

Oncorhynchus lycaodon GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 155; in part. 

Salmo scouleri SucKLEY, Monogr. Salmo, 1861 (1874), p. 94. 

Oncorhynchus sanguinolentus GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 160. 

Oncorhynchus tsuppitch JORDAN, Forest and Stream, Sept. 16, 1880, p. 130. 

Oncorhynchus kisutch JoRDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 807.—JorpAN and 
EVERMANN, Fish N. and M. Amer., 1896, p. 480. 

Oncorhynchus perryi HitgEnvorr, Monatsb. Ges. Ostasien, 1876, p. 25 (not Salmo 
perryi Breyoort).—IsH1kawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 20; Arikawa, Toshima, 
Hakodate, Matsushiro, Shinshin. 

Head 4; depth 4; B. 13 or 14; pyloric ceeca very few and large, 63 
(45 to 80); gill rakers 10 + 13, rather long and slender, nearly as long 
as eye, toothed; scales 25-127-29; D. 10; A. 13 or 14 (developed rays). 
Body rather elongate, compressed. Head short, exactly conical, ter- 
minating in a bluntly pointed snout, which is longer and broader than 
the lower jaw; head shorter than in a young quinnat (¢schawytscha) of 
the same size. Interorbital space broad and strongly convex; opercle 
and preopercle strongly convex behind; the preopercle very broad, 
with the lower limb little developed; cheeks broad. Eye quite small, 
much smaller than in young quinnat of the same size. Suborbital 
very narrow, with a row of mucous pores along its surface; maxillary 
slender and narrow, but extending somewhat beyond the eye. Teeth 
very few and small, only 2 or 3 on the vomer; those on tongue 
very feeble; fins small; pectorals and ventrals short, the ventral 
appendage three-fifths the length of the fin; caudal strongly forked, 
on a slender peduncle. Bluish green, sides silvery, with dark punctu- 
lations; dorsal always tipped with black; this color usually conspicuous 
both in the adult and the young; no spots, except a few rather obscure 
on top of head, back, dorsal fin, adipose fin, and the rudimentary upper 
rays of the caudal; rest of the caudal fin unspotted; pectorals dusky 


no. 1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 575 


tinged; anal with dusky edging; sides of head without the dark colora- 
tion seen in the quinnat; males mostly red in autumn, and with the 
usual changes of form. Length 15 inches; weight 3 to 8 pounds. A 
small salmon, ascending streams in the autumn to no great distance. 
Abundant from San Francisco northward, especially in Puget Sound 
and the Alaskan fjords; south on the Asiatic coasts to Japan. Here 
described from Puget Sound specimens. A specimen from Otaru in 
the museum at Hakodate seems to be typical of the species, the tip of 
the dorsal black, as usual. Three others from the Otaru, two from Ura 
River, and several from Osatsubo, sent by the museum at Sapporo, 
seem to be the young of this species. Four adult examples (325, 331, 
332, 337) were secured by us in the market at Aomori. 
(Avsutch, the vernacular name in Alaska and Kamchatka; called by 
the Russians Bielaya Ryba, or whitefish). 


4- ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA (Walbaum). 


BENIMASU (RED SALMON), BLUE BACK. 


Salmo nerka Watpaum, Artedi Piscium, 1792, p. 71; after the Nerka of Pennant, 
the Narka of Kraschininnikow, rivers and seas of Kamchatka.—Buiocy and 
SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 417; after Pennant and Kraschininnikow. 

Salmo lycaodon Pauuas, Zoogr. Rosso—Asiat., IIf, 1811, p. 370; Ochotsk Sea, 


Kamchatka. 
Salmo paucidens RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., III, 1836, p. 222; Columbia 
River. 


Salmo tapdisma Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X XI, 1848, p. 365; 
Kamchatka; on a drawing. 

Salmo arabatsch Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X XI, 1848, p. 365; 
Kamchatka; on a drawing. 

Salmo melampterus’ Cuvipr and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXI, 1848, 
p- 365; Kamchatka; on a drawing. 

Salmo kennerlyi Suckuey, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, 1861, p. 307; Chilo- 
weyuck Lake (dwarf and landlocked); (Type, No. 2092. Coll. Kennerly).— 
Suckiey, Monogr. Salmo, 1861 (1874), p. 145.—GitnrHeEr, Cat., VI, 1866, 
p- 120. 

Salmo cooperi Suckiry, Notices New Species N. A. Salmon, New York, June, 
1861, and Monogr. Salmo, 1861 (1874), p. 99; Okanogan River. (Coll. Geo. 
Gibbs. ) 

Salmo warreni SucKLEy, Notices New Species N. A. Salmon, June, 1861, and 
Monogr. Salmo, 1861 (1874), p. 147; Fraser River, British Columbia. (Type, 
Nos. 2070 and 2073. Coll. Kennerly.) 

Salmo richardi Sucxurny, Notices New Species N. A. Salmon, June, 1861, and 
Monogr. Salmo, 1861 (1874), p. 117; Fraser and Skagit rivers. (Type, No. 
2005. ) a 

Hypsifario kennerlyi Gru, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 330. 

Oncorhynchus lycaodon GENTHER, Cat., VII, 1866, p. 155. 

Oncorhynchus paucidens GixtTHER, Cat., VII, 1866, p. 158. 

Oncorhynchus nerka JORDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 308.—Jorpan and 
EVERMANN, Fish N. and M. Amer., I, 1896, p. 481. 

Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi Bean, Forest and Stream, July 9, 1891. 


Head 4; depth 4. B.13to 15; D.11; A. 14t016; scales 20-133-20; 
pyloric cxca 75 to 95; vertebre 64. Gill rakers about 32 to 40, usually 


576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


14 or 15 + 22 or 23, as long as eye. Body elliptical, rather slender. 
Head short, sharply conic, pointed, the lower jaw included. Maxillary 
rather thin and small, extending beyond eye. Teeth all quite small, 
most of them freely movable; vomer with about 6 weak teeth, which 
erow larger in fall males, instead of disappearing. Preopercle very 
wide and convex; opercle very short, not strongly convex. Preopercle 
largely free behind. Ventral scale about half the length of the fin. 
Caudal fin narrow, widely forked; anal fin long and low; dorsal low. 
Flesh deep red. Males becoming extravagantly hook-jawed in the fall, 
the snout being then prolonged and much raised above the level of 
rest of head, the lower jaw produced to meet it; mandible 14 in head 
in fall males, 12 in females; snout 2+ in head in fall males, 3} in 
females. Color clear bright blue above; sides silvery, this hue over- 
lying the blue of the back; lower fins pale, upper dusky; no spots 
anywhere in adults in spring; the young with obscure black spots 
above. 

Color of breeding male, back blood red, with dark edges to some of 
the scales; middle of side darker red, but unevenly so, usually darkest 
at middle of body; under parts dirty white, with numerous fine dark 
dustings; head above and on sides pale olivaceous, some darker mot- 
tling on sides; tip of nose and side of jaws dark, under part of lower 
jaw white; dorsal pale red, anal darker red; adipose fin red; ventrals 
and pectorals smoky, some red at base. Color of breeding female 
essentially the same, rather darker on the sides. . Length 2 feet; 
weight 3 to 8 pounds. (Description from Columbia River specimens.) 

Two specimens, measuring about 270 millimeters, from Lake Akan 
in Hokkaido, show the following characters: 

Head 4 in length; depth 44; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head, 
eye 43; snout 45; maxillary 2; interorbital space 34; scales in lateral 
series 130; in transverse series 19+22; D. 11; A. 15. Teeth on jaws 
small, immovable; those on palatines and vomer equal in size to those 
of jaws; interorbital space convex; preopercles and opercles decidedly 
convex posteriorly; branchiostegals 14, gill rakers on first arch long 
and slender 13-+20. Caudal very broad, not deeply forked; ventral 
appendage short, contained about 23 times in length of fin. Fins all 
dark, the pectorals and ventrals darker above than below; upper parts 
of body, caudal fin and base of dorsal with round of oblong dark 
brown spots. 

Another specimen has but one or two indistinct spots on base of 
dorsal and on upper part of caudal; the caudal fin is more forked. 

The species ranges from Hokkaido to Kamchatka, Alaska, and 
southward to Oregon. It is abundant in Alaska, ascending streams in 
spring to great distances, and often frequenting mountain lakes in 
fall, spawning in their small tributaries. It is one of the most grace- 
ful of the Salmonide, scarcely inferior to the quinnat when fresh, but 


"No.1. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 577 


- the flesh more watery and less valuable when canned. It is the prin- 
cipal salmon of Alaska, and one which merits introduction into the 

lakes of Japan. This species is very rare in Japan. In the museum 
at Hakodate is a third specimen from Akan Lake in the Province of 
Kushiro, in northern Hokkaido. This specimen, about a foot long, 
is blue above, with a few faint dark spots, silvery below. D. 11, 10; 
A. 11, 14; seales 135; gill rakers 15+-22=87; B. 13. <A specimen with- 
out spots in the same museum, labeled Bentmasu or Red Salmon, 
also apparently belongs to this. species. It is from Urup Island 
(Kuriles). The two described above from Lake Akan, a little larger 
and darker in color have been received from Professor Nozawa of the 
museum at Sapporo. It is said that the species occurs in no other 
locality in Japan proper except about Kushiro Bay, into which Akan 
Lake flows, and that it never reaches a larger size. Similar dwarfish 
varieties, known as subsp. kennerlyz, occur in lakes of Idaho and 
Washington. 

3 2. SALMO! (Artedi) Linneeus.. 


Salmo (Artedi, Genera Piscium) Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 308, 
(salar, ete. ). 

Trutle Lixnnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 308 (trutta, ete.: ‘‘Trutte corpore 
variegato”’ ). 

Fario Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X XI, 1848, p. 277 (argenteus 
=trutta). 

Salar Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X XI, 1848, p. 314 (ausonii 
=fario). 

Trutta SteBoLp, Stisswasserfische Mittel Europa, 1863, p. 280 (trutta). 

Body elongate, somewhat compressed. Mouth large; jaws, palatines, 
and tongue toothed, as in related genera; vomer flat, its shaft not 
depressed, a few teeth on the chevron of the vomer, behind which is a 
somewhat irregular single or double series of teeth, which in the 
migratory forms are usually deciduous with age. Scales large or 
small, 110 to 200 in a longitudinal series. Dorsal and anal fins short, 


1SALMO FARIO Linnezus. 
ANEMASU (FOREIGN TROUT); EUROPEAN BROOK TROUT. 
Salmo fario LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, p 509, and of authors generally. 

This European species has been introduced into Japan. A specimen taken in 
Lake Chuzenji seems to belong to this species. It is said to have been introduced 
from America. Length 14 inches; head 4}; depth 44; D. II, 11; A. I, 13; B. 13; 
snout 33; eye 43; P. 1} in bead; maxillary 2. Scales 120 in lateral line, not counting 
small ones at base of caudal; 130 oblique series. Anal low, short, white, its margin 
concave, its longest ray 2} in head, 1} in base of fin. Color olive above, sides very 
silvery; no dark specks or edgings to the scales; dorsal, caudal, and pectoral slightly 
dusky; anal all white; no parr marks, upper parts with scattered round black spots; 
spots on dorsal, adipose, and base of caudal. Caudal well forked, the middle caudal 
ray from scales 3} in the longest ray. Nine pairs vomerine teeth, weak in a shorter 
row. The species is said to reach a length of 3 feet. It is slenderer and paler than 
the Japanese trout, with the tail more deeply forked and the parr marks obsolete. 


iEroc. Ne Me vole xy — 01a t 


578 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIy, 


usually of 10 to 12 rays each; caudal fin truncate, emarginate or forked, 
its peduncle comparatively stout. Branchiostegals 11 to 13; gill rakers 
about 20. Sexual peculiarities variously developed; the males in typi- 


cal species with the jaws prolonged and the front teeth enlarged, the — 
lower jaw being hooked upward at the end and the upper jaw emargi- 
nate or perforate. In the larger or migratory species these peculiari-— 


ties are most marked. Species of moderate or large size, black-spotted, 
abounding in the rivers and lakes of North America, Asia, and Europe; 
no fresh-water species occurring in America east of the Mississippi 


Valley; a few species, marine and anadromous. The nonmigratory — 


species are in both continents extremely closely related and difficult 
to distinguish. The excessive variations in color and form have given 
rise to a host of nominal species. Those which ascend the rivers from 
the sea feed in the streams, and it is probable that not all die after 
spawning. 

(salmo, the Latin name of Sa/mo salar, originally from salire, to 
leap). 

5. SALMO PERRYI Brevoort. 


- KAWA-MASU (RIVER SALMON) (ADULT); YAMABE (MOUNTAIN SIDE); 
YAMAME (MOUNTAIN THING); YAMABAI (MOUNTAIN MINNOW). 


Salmo perryi Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 273, pl. rx, fig. 1; Hakodate.— 
JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 349; Lake Biwa 
(Karasaki). 

Salmo macrostoma Gtnruer, Shore Fishes, Challenger, 1880, p. 71, pl. xxx1, fig. 
A; Yokohama.—IsHrkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 21; Tokadzu, Kushiro, Chi- 
chibu, Ojiro River, Kai, Ise, Tosa. —JorDAN and Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., 1890, p. 748; Lake Chuzenji. 

Head 4} in length; depth 33; D. III, 12; A. I, 14; eye 5 in head; 
snout 33; B. 14; P. 12 in head; scales 140 (oblique rows). Anal 
rather low, straight edged, the longest ray 24 in head, 14 in base of 
fin; caudal moderately forked, the longest ray 23 times length of mid- 
dle one measured from scales. 

Body rather deep with firm scales, the black spots much the same, 
small, round, sparse, confined to the back, some on dorsal, adipose, 
and base of caudal; 3 to 5 distinct roundish dark spots along base 
of dorsal always present; none distinct on head; otherwise just as 
plain anteriorly as posteriorly; sides with 9 large parr marks or 
blackish bars under the scales; below these, numerous round dark 
spots of the same nature, each scale above with an edging of dark 
spots, making the fish dusky; 6 pairs of teeth forming a short line 
on vomer. 

This description from a specimen 14 inches long from Lake Chu- 
zenji, having been introduced there from the River Kinu, near Utso- 
nomiya, below the impassable fall of Kegon-no-taki. A smaller 
specimen taken at the same place, about 74 inches long, shows the fol- 
lowing characters: D. III, 11; A. I, 12; B. 14; scales about 130. 


Pas 


no.1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. °579 


Longest ray of anal longer than base, 23 in head; the fin straight- 
edged, high and short. Vomerine teeth in a longish row. Color 
as above; parr marks 9; sides reddish; pectorals yellowish; ventrals 
blackish, with a little white at tip; anal blackish, with whitish tip; 
caudal dusky, flushed with red, scales dark-edged; dorsal spotted at 
base; caudal unspotted. 

- This black-spotted trout is common in clear waters throughout the 
islands of Hondo and Hokkaido. As ordinarily seen in the streams it 
is less than a pound in weight, with the parr marks or dark cross bars 
distinct. These brook trout are known as Yamabe or Yamomi. In 
the large rivers, as the Kitakami, they reach a weight of 8 or 10 pounds. 
The parr marks are lost and the coloration is more silvery. In the 
waters of Hokkaido they descend to the sea. In the small fish the 
teeth on the shaft of the vomer are about 12 in number ina long double 
series. As the fish grows larger, the vomerine teeth are lost, until in 
the adult only about 4 teeth are present. These large fishes are called 
_**Masu” or salmon by the fishermen. The dark spots vary much with 
individuals, but apparently not with age, some being profusely spotted, 
others taken at the same time almost immaculate. Both extremes in 
this regard are shown in our specimens from Lake Biwa, one of which 
is as profusely spotted as is shown in Brevoort’s figure of Salmo perry/. 
Most specimens agree in this, as in other respects, with Giinther’s 
figure of S. macrostoma. The black blotches along base of dorsal, 3 
to 5 in number, are almost always present and are diagnostic. 

Of the Yamabe, or young trout, we have specimens from Aomori, 
Niigata, Lake Chuzenji, Kinu River at Utsonomiya, Daiya River at 
Nikko, Otani River near Nikko, Kamihana in Omi, Maebara on Lake 
Biwa, Karasaki on Lake Biwa, and Kawagiri in southwestern Rikuchu, 
on a tributary of the Kitakami. 

Of the adult trout, Kawamasu, we have specimens from the Kitakami 
River at Morioka, from Aomori and Hakodate, and from the Tokyo 
market. The largest specimens from Hakodate reach a weight of 
about 12 pounds, and much resemble the salmon of the Atlantic. 

From Salmo mykiss, of Kamchatka, which the species resembles, it 
is distinguished by the longer anal (12 or 13 developed rays) and by 
the posterior insertion of the ventrals, which are rather behind the 
middle of the dorsal and reach more than halfway to the vent. Salmo 
mykiss shows no trace of the distinctive spots at base of dorsal. 

The species is almost intermediate between the typical group of 
Salmo and the group called Oncorhynchus. It indicates the transition 
from the former to the latter, and might with almost as much pro- 
priety be called a salmon as a trout. 

From our field notes at Morioka I take the following: 

Kitakami River at Morioka; a large, very plump trout with few 
spots; large scales; very high falcate anal of 12 rays; small head; no 


580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


red on sides or under throat; the lower fins vellowish in spawning 
female. Abundant in the Kitakami at this season, also sent in from 
Aomori. It has no teeth on the shaft of the vomer, or almost none, 
as in Salmo salar. Its flesh is firm and red, as in the Atlantic salmon, 
and the flavor is the same. 

One small spawning female taken at Morioka. Spent males seen in 
Hakodate; two taken are blackish, very thin, with a red bar on side 
interrupted by black bars. 

(Named for Commodore Perry.) 


3. HUCHO Gunther: 


Hucho Génxtuer, Cat. Fish., VI, 1866, p. 125 (hucho). 

Body slender, elongate, the head pike-like, with vertical sides, and 
flattened snout and frontal region; mouth large; vomer as in Salvélinus, 
the shaft depressed below the head and without teeth; palatine teeth 
strong; strong teeth on the tongue, none on the hyoid region; scales 
silvery, large or small, the body marked with small black dots; anal 
fin short; branchiostegals 12; gill rakers few. 

Old World fishes, large pike-like trout, intermediate between the 
charrs and the salmon. 

(hucho, an old name of Hucho hucho, from the German Huch or 
Huchen.) 

6. HUCHO BLACKISTONI (Hilgendorf). 


ITO-UWO (STRING-FISH. ) 
Salmo bdlackistoni HrtGeNporF, Monatsber, Gesellschaft Ostasien, 1876, p. 25; 
Hokkaido.—Isuikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 21; Hokkaido. 
Head 34 in length; depth 5; depth of caudal peduncle 34 in head; 
eye 5; interorbital space 43; snout 4; maxillary 24; D.10; A. 9; scales 
in lateral series 109, in transverse series 18 + 17; pores in lateral line 


is 
as 
mais 


is He 
ys Wie 
, oe ‘ oe 

a 7 ae 


FIG. 3.—HUCHO BLACKISTONI. 


97. Head long, low, broad, pike-like, quadrangular in section; inter- 
orbital area broad, slightly convex; maxillary extending a little beyond 


eye. Teeth small, those on lower jaw longest; no teeth on shaft of — 


vomer, even in the young; tongue with a row of sharp teeth on each 


Ee Er rine a ais Srp Se en 


eee 


No.1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 581 


edge; branchiostegals 12; gill-rakers on first arch 6+ 11, long and 
slender. Height of dor a 1,8; in head, anal 2;';, caudal deeply forked, 
12 in head, ventral Seatinee about one-third as long as the fin, 
pectoral 2 in head. 

Color silvery, dark above, the head and body usually profusely 
covered with small, brownish spots; dorsal fin with a few at its base. 

Streams of northern Japan, rather common in Hokkaido, reaching a 
length of 23 to 3 feet. Our description and figure are taken from a 
specimen from Kushiro, presented by the Sapporo Museum. We 
have compared this with a larger example from Nemuro in the museum 
of Hakodate. Others were examined in the same museum from 
Nemuro, Chishima, Settsu and Shifto River, in Hokkaido, and from 
Heigun River, in the province of Rikuchu, near Morioka. 

This singular trout seems to be closely related to Hucho hucho of 
the Danube, differing from that species in its larger scales. The com- 
mon name ‘‘ Ito” (string) is suggested by its slender form. 

(Named for Captain Blackiston, author of a treatise on the birds of 
Japan, whose interest in natural history was largely responsible for 
the growth of the museum of Hakodate.) 


4. SALVELINUS (Nilsson) Richardson. 


CHARRS. 


Salvelini Nixsson, Prodr. Ichth. Scand., 1832, p. 7 (alpinus); group name. 

Salvelinus RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., III, 1836, p. 169 (alpinus); after Nils- 
son. 

Baione Dr Kay, N. Y. Fauna; Fishes, 1842, p. 244 (fontinalis). 

Umbla Rapp, ake eededeee, 1854, p. 32 (wmbla = alpinus). 

Body moderately elongate. Mouth large or small. Teeth of jaws, 
palatines, and tongue essentially as in Sa/mo, the hyoid patch present 
or not. Vomer boat-shaped, the shaft much depressed, without raised 
crest, with teeth on the head of the bone and none on shaft. Scales 
very small, 200 to 250 in a lengthwise series. Fins moderate, the 
caudal forked in the young, truncate in some species in the adult. 
Sexual peculiarities not strongly marked, the males with the premax- 

_illaries enlarged and a fleshy projection at the tip of the lower jaw. 
Coloration dark, with round crimson spots, the lower fins sometimes 
with marginal bands of black, reddish, and pale. Species numerous 
in the clear streams and lakes of the northern parts of both conti- 
nents, sometimes descending to the sea, where they lose their varie- 
gated colors and become nearly plain and silvery. The members of 
this genus are by far the most active and handsome of the trout, and 
live in the coldest, clearest, and most secluded waters. ‘*No higher 
praise can be given to a Salmonoid than to say it is a charr.” 

(salvelinus, an old name of the charr; from the same root as Sda/bling 
or Sabling.) 


582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


7. SALVELINUS KUNDSCHA (Pallas). 


AMEMASU (RAIN SALMON); KUNDSCHA. 


Salmo kundscha Patuas, Zoogr. Rosso. Asiat., III, 1811, p. 250; Kamechatka.— 
JORDAN and GILBERT, Rept. U. 8. Fur Seal Comm., III, 1898, p. 488, pl. xiv; 
Petropaulsky. 

Salvelinus kundscha JonpAN and EvrerMANN, Fish. N. and M. Amer., III, 1898, 
p- 2823; Petropaulsky, Tareinsky. 

Salmo leucomexnis PALias, Zoogr. Rosso. Asiat., III, 1811, p. 250; Kamchatka.— 
Brevoort, Exped. Japan, p. 276, pl. x, fig. 3; Hakodate.—SreminpacHNER, 
Sitzber, Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1870, p. 15; Decastris Bay.—IsHrkawa, Prel. Cat., 
1897, p. 21; Shiribeshi, Hokkaido. 

Salmo curilus Patuas, Zoogr. Rosso. Asiat., III, 1811, p. 251; Kurile Islands. 


Head 4% in length; depth 43; depth of caudal peduncle 22 in 
head; eye 5; interorbital space 23; snout 33; maxillary 2; D. 11; 
A. 10; scales in lateral series 210, in transverse series 35 + 40.  Maxil- 
lary projecting beyond eye, opercles very convex posteriorly; teeth 
on jaws and palatines weak, those of vomer restricted to a small ante- 
rior patch; branchiostegals 13; gill-rakers on first arch 5 + 10, rather 
long, compressed. Height of dorsal 13 in head; caudal rather deeply 
forked, its length 1,5 in head; highest anal ray 1? in head; ventral 
appendage small, about one-third the length of fin. Body dark above, 
the spots on sides somewhat larger than pupil, arranged in 3 more or 
less distinct rows; dorsal and caudal dusky, without spots, the latter 
narrowly tipped with black; anal, ventrals, and pectorals white, the 
paired fins dusky above. 

This species, common in the streams of Kamchatka, is occasionally 
taken in northern Japan. We have one fine specimen about 300 milli- 
meters long, from Nemuro, the northernmost point in Hokkaido, pre- 
sented by the museum of Sapporo. Another from Iturup Island was 
examined in the museum of Hakodate. A specimen from Shinbeshi 
is in the Imperial Museum. 


8. SALVELINUS PLUVIUS Hilgendorf. 


AMENOUWO (RAIN FISH); IWANA (ROCKLING); OSOROKOMA; 
TOKOSISU. 

Salmo pluvius HitGENDorF, Monatsber, Ges. Ostasien, 1876, p. 25; Nikko.—Isnr- 
KAWA, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 21; Iturup, Tokazu, Aomori, Kodzuke, Kiso, 
Chichibu, Kaga, Kamo R. 

Head 4 in length; depth 44; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; 
eye 54; snout 3%; interorbital space 34; maxillary 14; D. 10; A. 9; 
scales in lateral series 200, in transverse series 41++-41; pores in laterai 
line 124. Head rather short, blunt, the interorbital space broad and 
convex; mouth large, the maxillary extending past eye a distance equal 
to diameter of pupil. Teeth on jaws weak, a single row on the pala- 
tines, a small cluster on anterior part of vomer, none on the shaft; 
teeth on the tongue in 2 rows, somewhat stronger than those of the 


No. 1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 583 


jaws, curved backward. Pseudobranchie small; gill rakers on first 
arch 6+9, rather long and slender. Dorsal and anal of equal height, 
the longest rays contained 1g times in head; caudal rather deeply 
notched, its length 15 in head; pectorals 13 in head; ventrals 18. 
Supplemental appendage of ventral slender, its length 2% in the fin. 

Color in alcohol, body with numerous light spots about as large as 
pupil, ventral and anal fins edged anteriorly with bright yellow, upper 
surfaces of pectorals and ventrals dusky. 

Described from an individual about 200 millimeters long from Lake 
Chuzenji. Specimens in Lake Chuzenji are pale gray in life, the 
spots on the sides crimson, those on the back grayish white; lower 
fins scarlet, dusky, shaded with whitish edge; in streams the colors 
are darker. é 

This beautiful little charr is abundant in the mountain streams and 
lakes of Hondo and Hokkaido. It reaches but a small size, the largest 
specimens seen by us not exceeding 2 pounds. Our specimens are 
from Lake Chuzenji, near Nikko (introduced), Chishima, Nemuro, 
Ohata River at Aomori and Kawagiri in Rikuchu. Numerous others 
from localities in Hokkaido are preserved in museums. 

The species is very close to Salvelinus mala of Kamchatka and the 
Aleutian region, differing in the longer mouth and larger spots, traits 
which are constant in the material at our disposal. 

(pluvius, rainy, the Latin equivalent of Amenouwo. ) 


9. SALVELINUS MALMA (Walbaum.) 


MALMA. 


Goltra KRASCHENINNIKOW, Descr. Kamch., 1768, p. 183; Kamchatka. 

Malma Pennant, Arctic Zool., Introd., 1792, p. 126; Bering Sea; after Steller, ete. 

Salmo malma Watspaum, Artedi Piscium, 1792, p. 66; Kamchatka; based on 
Malma of Pennant. 

Salmo callaris Pavtuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., III, 1811, p. 353; Bering Sea.— 
GitnrueErR, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 143. 

Salmo levigatus PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., III, 1811, p. 385; Kurile Islands. 

Salmo nummifer CuvteR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X XI, 1848, p. 365; 
Kamchatka; on a drawing by Mertens. 

Salmo erythrorhynchos Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X-XI, 1848, 
p. 367; Kamchatka. 

Salmo tudes Corr, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila., 1873, p. 24; Captains Harbor, 
Unalaska. (Coll. Prof. George Davidson. ) 

Salvelinus malma JoRDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 319.—EverMAN, Bull. 
U. 8S. Fish. Comm., XI, 1891, p. 50, pl. xxv, fig. 1.—Jorpan and Ever- 
MANN, Fish. N. and M. Amer., I, 1896, p. 508; III, 1898, p. 2823.—JorDa» 
and GiLBert, Rept. U. S. Fur Seal Comm., III, 1898. 

Salmo fariopsis (Kner MS.) SrernpacHNer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1870, p. 17, 
pl. 1, fig. 3; Decastris Bay, Manchuria. 

Head 44 to 41; depth 44 to 43; D. 11; A. 9; scales about 40-240- 
36; pyloric ceca large, 40 to 50; gill-rakersabout 8+12. Body rather 
elongate, the head comparatively small, the mouth small, the maxillary 
usually not reaching beyond line of eye. Caudal fin well forked; 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


lower fins short, the ventral reaching halfway to vent. Olivaceous 
or grayish, the sides with small, round red spots, much smaller than 
pupil; back with small whitish spots; lower fins dusky with a pale 
stripe in front followed by a dark one. Sea-run specimens silvery, 
with the spots faint or obsolete. 

Length varying with the waters from 5 to 20 inches or more. Large 
specimens in the sea reaching 12 pounds. 

Streams of Alaska and Kamchatka descending to the sea, very 
abundant throughout the Aleutian region and extending its range 
through the Kuriles to Okhotsk Sea. Probably S. pluwius is a south- 
ern variety of the species as is also the Dolly Varden trout, Salvelinus 
parkii, Washington, Oregon, and northern California. 

The fish from the Japan Sea described and figured by Steindachner 
under the name of Salmo fardopsis agrees perfectly with the young of 
Salvelinus malma, and differs from the Japanesé Salvelinus pluvius in 
the smaller size of the mouth and in the coloration. The northern 
species, Salvelinus malma, has been already recorded from the Kurile 
Islands. 

(malma, a vernacular name in Kamchatka.) 


58. PLECOGLOSSUS Schlegel. 


Plecoglossus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonicus, Poiss., 1846, p. 229 (altivelis). 

Body moderately elongate, covered with very small scales. Mouth 
wide, the premaxillaries with a few, small, conical, pointed teeth. 
Maxillaries and lower jaw with teeth of a peculiar form, lamelliform, 
broad, truncate, serrate, movable, seated in folds of skin; mandibles 
each ending in a small knob, not joined at the symphysis. Mucous 
membrane of interior of mouth between terminal halves of the mandible 
forming a peculiar organ, being raised in folds with two pouches in 
front and one behind. ‘Tongue very small, with minute teeth, its top 
toothless; no teeth on vomer, palatines with teeth. Pyloric ceca very 
numerous. Eggs small. Small fishes inhabiting the clear streams of 
Japan and Formosa, migratory like the salmon, and among the very 
finest of food fishes. One species is known. 

(zhéxos, anything folded or plaited; yAw@ooa, tongue). 


10. PLECOGLOSSUS ALTIVELIS Schlegel. 


AYU; HIUWO (RED-FISH); KOAYU (YOUNG AYU); NENGIO (ANNUAL 
FISH); KOGIO (FRAGRANT FISH). 


~ ex et gaseu) SO RGCRES FO\ A § ee 


Plecoglossus altivelis SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., p. 229, pl. cy, fig. 1; no © 


locality. —GtnrHeErR, Cat. Fish., VI, 1866, p. 165.—IsHixawa, Zool. Mag., 
Tokyo, VII, 1895, p. 129; Matsubara, Maebara; Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 19; 
Musashi, Tama, Yechigo, Kaga, Hasa R., Katsusa R., Mino, Uji R., Yama- 
shiro, Kamo R., Tanba, Osaka, Tosa, Fukuoka, Higo, Maebara, Lake Biwa.— 
JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 349, Lake Biwa; Proce. 
U.S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 744; Numata, Tsushima. 


4 


& 


no.1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. .585 


Head 42 in length; depth 4$; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; 
eye 5; snout 2%; maxillary 1$; D. 10; A. 15; scales in lateral series 
156, between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 18. 

Head small, the snout pointed. Mouth oblique, maxillary extend- 
ing past eye a distance a little greater than diameter of pupil; the 
sheath of the upper jaw longer than that of the lower. Gill-rakers on 
first arch 16+19, short and very slender. Palatine teeth are present, 
though very small. Height of dorsal contained 64 times in length; 
anal 83; length of caudal 53; pectorals 7; ventrals 8. The above char- 
acters are shown by a specimen about 180 millimeters long. Larger 
individuals, measuring 225 millimeters, have deeper bodies, shorter 
heads, and higher dorsal fins. A specimen from the market at Hiro- 
shima measures: Depth 34 in length; head 4%; height of dorsal 53; 
anal 84; length of pectorals 63; ventrals 73; caudal 54. Occasionally 
the dorsal when depressed reaches the base of adipose fin. The dorsal 


Fie. 4.—PLECOGLOSSUS ALTIVELIS (from Formosa). 


rays number 10, occasionally 11, the anal 14 to 16. Color olivaceous, 
silvery below; always a light yellow bar or blotch above the middle of 
the pectoral on side; adipose fin edged with scarlet, dorsal somewhat 
shaded with dusky, anal with reddish. The young, to at least the 
length of 100 millimeters, have a broad silvery lateral band. The body 
is very elongate, the depth contained about 7} times in the length. 
Our specimens are from Ishikari River, Niigata, Aomori, Same, 
Matsushima, Sendai, Morioka, Tokyo, Tanagawa River at Tachikawa, 
Daiya River at Nikko, Gifu, Lake Biwa, Osaka, Wakanoura, Kobe, 
Hiroshima, Kurume, Nagasaki, and Tan Sin River at Taihoku, the 
capital of Formosa. Specimens from Formosa are a little larger than 
any from Japan, and with the anal possibly a little longer as compared 
with the head. This form is apparently not different specifically. At 
Gifu and Tachikawa, tame cormorants are largely in the capture of 
the Ayu, which is the most delicious of all Japanese food-fishes. 
(altus, high; velum, sail.) 


586 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Family Il. ARGENTINID A. 
THE SMELTS. 


Body elongate, covered with moderate or small scales, which are 
usually cycloid. Head naked. Mouth terminal, small or large, formed 
as in the Salmonida, the maxillary forming the margin of the upper 
jaw. Teeth various, sharp-pointed. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. 
Gill membranes separate, free from the isthmus, with 6 to 10 branch- 
iostegals. No barbels. Stomach a blind sac, with the pyloric cca 
few or none. Dorsal fin short, nearly median; adipose fin always 
present; caudal forked; anal moderate; pectorals placed low; ventrals 
moderate, nearly median; no spines in the fins. Lateral line present. 
No phosphorescent spots. Abdomen rounded. Air bladder large, 
single. Ova large, falling into the cavity of the abdomen before 
extrusion. Small fishes, marine or anadromous, some of them inhab- 
iting deep water; all but one genus confined to the waters of the 
Northern Hemisphere. There are about ten genera and perhaps a 
dozen species; reduced Salmonide, smaller and in every way feebler 
than the trout, but similar to them in all respects except the form of 
the stomach. Most of them are very delicate food-fishes. 

a. Branchiostegals 6 to 10; body not cylindrical, the sides more or lesscompressed; gill 
membranes separate. 

b. Mouth large, with strong teeth in the jaws and on tongue. 

c. Seales large, smooth, similar in both sexes; pectoral fin moderate, its rays 
10 to 12; ventrals inserted under front of dorsal; teeth strong, those on 
tongue enlarged, Ganine-like; scales moderate, loosely attached. - Osmerus, 6. 

bb. Mouth rather small, with weak teeth or none; scales large, smooth; ventrals 
below middle or front of dorsal. 

d. Jaws with minute teeth; similar teeth on tongue and palate; maxillary 

reaching ypashacOmbiol eyemie ae aes yee ere re rT Mesopus, 7. 

dd. Jaws toothless, or very nearly so; vomer and palatines with small teeth; 

mouth very small, the maxillary not reaching past front of eye; tongue 

with a curved row of small teeth on each side; scales usually more or 

lessispimeStemitis::: 324. weed ea ee ee Argentina, 8. 


6. OSMERUS (Linnzeeus) Lacépede: 
SMELTS. 
Osmeris Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 310 (eperlanus). 
Osmerus LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poissons, V, 1803, p. 229. 
Eperlanus GAIMARD, Voy. Island and Greenland, 1851 (eperlanus). 
Spirinchus JorpAN and EvEerRMANN, Fish. N. and M. Amer., 1896, I, p. 522 
(thaleichthys). 
longate, compressed. ead long, pointed. Mouth wi 
Body elongate, compressed. Head | ted. Mouth wide, the 
slender maxillary extending to past the middle of the eye; lower jaw 
projecting; preorbital and suborbital bones narrow. Maxillaries and 
premaxillaries with fine teeth; lower jaw with small teeth, which are 
larger posteriorly; tongue with a few strong, fang-like teeth, largest 


no.1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 58 7 


at the tip; hyoid bone, vomer, palatines, and pterygoids with wide-set 
teeth. Gill-rakers long and slender. Branchiostegals 8. Scales large, 
loose, 60 to 70 in the course of the lateral line. Dorsal small, about 
midway of the body, over the ventrals; anal rather long. Vertebree 
about 40. Pyloric ceca small, few. Small fishes of the coasts of 
Europe and northern America, sometimes ascending rivers; delicate 
in flesh and considerably valued as food. 

(og unpos, odorous; the name is equivalent to the English ‘‘smelt.”) 


Ir. OSMERUS DENTEX Steindachner. 
KUORI-UWO (CUCUMBER-FISH). 


Osmerus dentex STEINDACHNER, Sitzungsb. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXI, 1870, 
p. 429; Decastris Bay, northern China.—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc. U.S. 
Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 349; Tokyo Market, Hakodate.—Jorpan and GILBERT, 
Synopsis, 1883, p. 293.—Turner, Contr. Nat. Hist. Alaska, 1886, p. 102, pl. 
x.—NeEtson, Rept. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, p. 313. 

Osmerus eperlanus IsarkAwa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 19; Nemuro; Tokadzu. (not of 
Linnzeus). 

Head 4 in length; depth 6; depth of caudal peduncle 44 in head; 
eye 5; snout 33; interorbital space 44; D. 10; A. 15; scales in lateral 
series 70; between lateral line and dorsal 8. Body long, slender, 
compressed, caudal peduncle narrow; head long, sharp, pike-like. 
Snout long, pointed, the lower jaw slightly projecting, maxillary 
extending to posterior edge of orbit, its length contained about 2 times 
in head. Teeth on maxillaries and premaxillaries minute; 2 to 4 large 
sharp teeth on anterior edge of vomer, a row of smaller teeth on the 
palatines, and a similar row opposite the latter and extending farther 
back on the pterygoids; lower jaw with a row of rather large teeth; 
tongue with fang-like teeth, the anterior ones largest. Pseudobran- 
chie present; gill-rakers on first arch 9+ 18, very long and slender. 
Scales large, cycloid, loosely attached. Lateral line straight, extend- 
ing along middle of body. Dorsal inserted near middle of body, its 
longest rays contained 13 in the head; height of anal 24; caudal deeply 
forked, 13 in head; pectoral rays 12, the longest 13 in head; ventral 
rays 8, 2 in head. 

Color in alcohol, brownish above, white below, the sides silvery; 
scales narrowly edged with brown except on the ventral surface of 
body. In life back pale olive, the scales edged with darker; sides 
above lateral line purple, changing to blue, violet, and gold; belly 
satin white; fins slightly golden. The above description is from a 
specimen 250 millimeters long, collected at Kushiro. A somewhat 
smaller specimen from Tokyo measures as follows: Head 3} in length; 
depth 43; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head; eye 5; snout 33; 
interorbital space 44; D. 10; A. 15; P. 12. 

A fish brilliantly colored in life, the flesh of firmer texture than in 


588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


the rest of the genus. Coast of Alaska south to Manchuria and north- 
ern Japan, abundant northward; our specimens are from Kushiro, 
Hakodate, and the market of Tokyo, whither they may have been 
brought from the north. 

(Dentex, toothed.) 

Le NSS ORUissGaillk 
(SURF SMELTS. ) 
Mesopus Gi, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 14 (pretiosa).} 
Hypomesus Gti, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 15 (same definition, no type 
named). 

Body rather elongate, moderately compressed, covered with thin 
scales of moderate size. Head rather pointed. Mouth moderate, the 
shortish maxillary not extending quite to middle of eye; its outline 
below broadly convex; lower jaw projecting. Teeth minute, on jaws, 
vomer, palatines, pterygoids, and tongue. Ventrals inserted under 
middle of dorsal or rather before it. Branchiostegals 6 to 7. North 
Pacitic. 

(uéo0s, middle; zovs, foot; in allusion to the rather backward 
position of the ventrals.) 

a. Ventrals inserted immediately below or anterior to first ray of dorsal; anal rays 
165 dorsal 8 or 9. fo.6cldche hte eee ease ee olidus, 12. 
aa, Ventrals inserted below second or third dorsal ray; anal rays 12 or 13, dorsal 10 
japonicus, 13. 

12, MESOPUS OLIDUS (Pallas). 

CHIKA; AMASAGI (SWEET SAGI OR SMELT). 
Salmo (Osmerus) olidus Pauuas, Zoogr. Ross.-Asiat., III, 1811, p. 391; lakes 
and rivers of Kamchatka. 

Mesopus olidus GENTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 169, in part. 
Hypomesus olidus, IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 19; Hitaka, Nemuro, Kaga, 
Tsuchiura.—JoRDAN and EyrrMANN, Fishes N. and M. Amer., I, 1896, 


— 


p. 525. 


Head 43 in length; depth 54; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; 
eye 3%; interorbital space 5; snout 3%; D. 9; A. 16; scales in lateral 
series 57; in transverse series 13. 

This species closely resembles JZ. japonicus, differing from it notice- 
ably in the longer anal fin, which has 15 or 16 rays, the shorter dorsal 
of 8 or 9 rays, and the more anterior position of the ventrals, which 
are inserted below or anterior to first dorsal ray. The maxillary is 
usually longer in this species, extending to middle of pupil or as far 
as the posterior border. A careful study of more material may prove 
this and the next species to be the same. Many specimens from 
Aomori have the dorsal rays 9, sometimes 8, the anal 16, the scales in 


1 By inadvertence these two synonymous names were applied to this genus by Gill. 
Mesopus has priority of a page and has also a type indicated. 


no.1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 589 


lateral series 57 to 62; two specimens from Same have the dorsal rays 
9, anal 14 and 15, scales 57; one from Matsushima has dorsal 9, anal 
15, scales 56. Two specimens from Grantley Harbor and two from 
Port Clarence, which we identify with this species, have the dorsal 
rays 8 or 9, anal 14, scales 57 to 60. 

Common in northern Japan, inhabiting the bays in large numbers. 
Our specimens are from Aomori, Same, and Matsushima. It ranges 
northward to Kamchatka and eastward to Alaska. 

(Olidus, oily.) 

13. MESOPUS JAPONICUS Brevoort. 
CHIKA; WAKASAGI (YOUNG SAGI). 
Osmerus olidus (called Osmerus japonicus on plate) Brevoorr, Exped. Japan, 
1856, p. 278, pl. x, fig. 2; Hakodate. 
Osmerus Oligodon KNeErR, Fische. Naturh. Museum, Godeffroy, 1865, p. 9, pl. xv, 
fig. 1; Decastris Bay, Manchuria. 
Mesopus olidus GéntHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 169; in part. 

Head 5 in length; depth 53; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in head; 
eye 4; interorbital space 32; snout 4; D. 9; A. 13; scales in lateral 
series 65, in transverse series between ventral and dorsal 14. 

Body long, somewhat compressed, the head short and pointed. 
Interorbital space broad, flat, or slightly convex. Snout about equal 
in length to diameter of orbit, pointed, the lower jaw slightly pro- 
jecting; mouth small, the maxillary extending to a vertical through 
anterior edge of pupil, lower outline of maxillary convex, rounded 
posteriorly. Teeth minute, on jaws, vomer, palatines, pterygoids, 
and tongue, those on the tongue largest. Pseudobranchix present. 
Gill-rakers on first arch 9+ 21, very long and slender. | Scales large, 
smooth, easily displaced. Lateral line not very conspicuous, passing 
along the eighth series of scales below dorsal. Dorsal inserted near 
middle of body, half way between tip of snout and base of caudal fin, 
the anterior rays highest, 13 in head. Anal low, the highest rays 23 
in head. Caudal deeply forked, about equal to length of head. Ven- 
trals inserted below second or third dorsal ray, 14 in head. Pectoral 
rays 13; length 12 in head. 

Alcoholic specimens show a broad, silvery lateral band alongside of 
body, the scales on upper half of body edged with dusky dots, the top 
of head dark. 

The figure named Osmerus japonicus by Breyoort, though crude, 
serves well to distinguish this species from Jesopus olidus. The 
posterior position of the ventrals and the short anal base are dis- 
tinctly shown. In Jlesopus olidus the ventrals are inserted immedi- 
ately below or anterior to the first ray of the dorsal, and the anal base 
is longer, the fin having 16 rays. 

We have two specimens of Mesopus japonicus about 170 millimeters 


590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


long, the one from Kushiro, presented by Mr. Nozawa, naturalist of 
the Hokkaido Museum at Sapporo, the other from Aomori. The 
specimen from Kushiro has 67 scales in the lateral series and 12 anal 
rays. The species is probably less abundant in Japan than J/esopus 
olidus. 

8. ARGENTINA (Artedi) Linnzeus. 


Argentina (ArtTED1) Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 10 ed., 1758, p. 315 (sphyrena). 
Silus ReinHarpt, Bemerkinger Skandinavisk Icththyol., 1833, p. 11 (silus). 
Acantholepis Kroyer, Danmarks Fiske, III, 1846-49, p. 98 (silus). 


Body oblong, covered with rather large cycloid scales, which are 
more or less rough with spinous points. Mouth small, the maxillaries 
very short, not reaching to the eye; eye very large. Jaws toothless; 
an arched series of minute teeth on the head of the vomer and on the 
forepart of the palatine; tongue with a series of small curved teeth 
on each side. Dorsal fin short, in advance of the ventrals; caudal fin 
deeply forked. Eggs small. Pyloric ceca present. Branchiostegals 
6. Fishes of deep or cold waters, never entering fresh streams. 
(Latin argentum, silver.) 
14. ARGENTINA KAGOSHIM£®: Jordan and Snyder, new species. 

Head 33 in length; depth 7$; depth of caudal peduncle 4} in head; 

eye 34; snout 3; interobital space 4; maxillary 53; D. 9; A. 10; P. 15. 


Body elongate, somewhat compressed, the caudal peduncle short. 
Head very long, as wide and deep as body, flat above. Snout 


Fig. 5.—ARGENTINA KAGOSHIME. 


pointed, jaws equal, maxillary not reaching over halfway to eye, 
mouth small. No teeth on jaws, a small patch of minute teeth on 
anterior end of vomer, a few large curved teeth near tip of tongue. 
Eye very large, the diameter about equal to length of snout, inter- 
orbital space broad, slightly concave in the middle. Pseudobranchiz 
well developed; gill-rakers on first arch reduced to a few mere eleva- 
tions. Body covered with large, loosely imbedded, smooth scales. 
The two specimens at hand are so poorly preserved that the number 
of scales can not be told, nor can the shape or measurements of the fins 
be given, Dorsal inserted anterior to ventrals, the latter immediately 
below the last ray of the former. Anal inserted a distance from base 


yo.1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 591 


of caudal equal to space between tip of snout and posterior border of 
orbit. Adipose fin rather high, the base short. A silvery band about 
as wide as the pupil extending along middle of sides, opercle silvery, 
upper part of eyes black, the iris silvery. Two specimens about 70 
millimeters long, from Kagoshima in Kiusiu, presented by Professor 
Mitsukuri. Type No. 6854, Leland Stanford Junior University 
Museum, the cotype presented to the U. 8S. National Museum. 


Family UI. SALANGIDZE. 
ICE-FISHES. 


Body slender, translucent, elongate, compressed, naked or with a 
few exceedingly thin, large, deciduous scales. Head elongate, much 
depressed, with long, flat, pointed snout. Eye small. Cleft of mouth 
wide; jaws and palatines with pointed teeth, some of those in front 
being enlarged; no teeth on vomer; tongue with teeth; branchioste- 
gals4. Dorsal fin inserted before anal far behind ventrals; anal many 
rayed; adipose fin present, small; caudal forked; pseudobranchie well 
developed; alimentary canal straight, without bend; no pyloric ceca; 
no air bladder; eggs small. 

Small translucent fishes somewhat resembling very young salmon, 
running in the rivers of Japan, Korea, and China. 


9. SAALANX Cuvier. 


Salanx Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ist ed., 1817, p. 185; (cuvieri, ‘‘une espéce encore 
nouvelle’’ ). 
Leucosoma GRAY, Zoological Miscellany, 1831, p. 4 (reevesi). 
Salangichthys BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Nederl., VII, Japan, VI, p. 100, (microdon). 
The characters of the single genus are included above. Two sub- 
genera may be recognized, Salanx, the ** Chinese Whitebait,” in China 
and Korea, with two species (chinensis and hyalocranius), and Salang- 
ichthys in Japan, with two «pecies (mcrodon and ariakensis). The 
latter subgenus is distinguished mainly by its feeble dentition, the 
canines being small. The head is shorter and less depressed in 
Salangichthys. 
(cahay€, name of some unknown fish; from Galaoow, to crowd 
or cram.) 


a. SALANGICHTHYS. Canines small; head short, relatively narrow. 


SEER TIEDE SST RUS Sle Sl Sale I ge ga 5 oo ape Re ec microdon, 15 
REST SL Ziy tetera cies “fe A ee A IN ee A oF kriakensis, 16 


15. SALANX MICRODON Bleeker. 
SHIRA-UWO (WHITE-FISH); HIRAO (FLAT-TAIL); HIAGIO (ICE-FISH). 


Salanx (Salangichthys) microdon BureKer, Act. Soc. Sci., Indo. Nederl., VII, 
Japan, VI, p. 100; Jeddo (Tokyo). 

Salanz microdon GiNTHER, Cat. Fish., VI, 1866, p. 206; Jeddo.—Isuikawa, Prel. 
Cat. 1897, p. 19; Tokyo, Tsuchiura.—JorpDan and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. 
Mus., 1900, p. 350; Tokyo. 


592 : PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Head 6 in length; depth at insertion of anal 83; depth of caudal 
peduncle + in head; eye 43; interorbital space 53; snout 3,5; D. 11; 
A. 23; P.15. Body very elongate, cylindrical anteriorly, compressed 
posteriorly, especially in male specimens, where, in the region of inser- 
tion of anal, the depth is double that of the body immediately behind 
the head; the females are more slender; caudal peduncle rather narrow 
and compressed. Head greatly depressed, flat or slightly rounded on 
top, snout spatulate; pointed when seen from the side. Maxillary 
extending to anterior edge of orbit; lower jaw projecting slightly 
beyond the upper; teeth in a single row on jaws and palatines, none 
on vomer, those on the premaxillaries enlarged; tongue with a few 
small teeth. Gill-rakers on first arch 3+-12, long and slender. Head 
and body naked, a single large, thin scale extending along body at base 
of anal fin in the male, the width of the anterior part of the scale equal 
to distance between the eyes. Dorsal inserted on posterior third of 
body, the highest rays contained two timesin head. Adipose fin low, 
the length of its base about equal to depth of caudal peduncle. Caudal 
fin deeply forked, the lower rays slightly longer than the upper, equal 
tolength of head. Anal inserted below middle of dorsal, the length of 
its base equal to length of head, the longest rays 1? in head. Ventrals 
inserted near middle of body, of 7 rays, the outer one longest, 14 in 
head, its tip somewhat filamentous. Pectorals falcate, 14 in head. 

Color translucent, except for the eyes, the fish being almost invisible 
in the water; two rows of black dots along the ventral surface. 

The straight alimentary canal, the distinct muscle segmentation, the 
very thin ventral wall of the abdominal cavity, and other characters 
suggest a larval stage of development. Specimens about 100 milli- 
meters long are apparently mature, having large eggs in the ovaries. 

This little fish is found at certain seasons in the bays of northern 
Japan in great abundance, probably ascending the streams to spawn. 
It reaches a smaller size than its allies Sa/anx chinensis of southern 
China and Salana hyalocranius of Korea and northern China. Our 
many specimens are from Mororan, Aomori, Same, and Tokyo. 

It is reported in Japan that the fish is annual, ascending the streams 
in summer, and all individuals dying in the autumn after the deposition 
of the eggs. This alleged fact needs verification. 

(2K pos, small; odovs, tooth.) 


16. SALANX ARIAKENSIS Kishinouye, MS. 
1B. 3h (D3 ae 26 wel Severe 


‘Length of the head 53 times contained in the total; head nearly twice as broad 
as high; the diameter of the eye is about one-seventh of the length of the head. 
Teeth subequal. Tongue toothless. Root of the ventral fin in the middle of the 
total length. Dorsal fin opposite to the anal. Adipose fin originates from the base 
of the anal. Body scaleless and nearly colorless, except a few black spots in two 
rows along the ventral median line and the caudal fin, which is light brown. 


Nno.1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 598 


“This description is based upon two specimens about 16 em. in length. They 
were collected from a weir in the Ariake Sea (Kiushiu) by Mr. Kamesaburo Toyama, 
on July 19, 1901. I can not tell the sex of these specimens, as the sexual gland is 
not yet ripe’’. (Kishinouye. ) 


The above account is from advance manuscript, kindly furnished to 
us by Dr. Kamekichi Kishinouye, chief of the Imperial Fisheries 
Bureau in Tokyo. This description will also be published in Tokyo. 


RECAPITULATION. 


Family I. SALMOoNID&. 
1. Oncorhynchus Suckley. 

1. masou (Breyoort); Aomori, Ishikari R. at Sapporo, Daiya R. at Nikko. 

2. keta (Walbaum); Ishikari River, Aomori, Hakodate. 

3. kisutch (Walbaum); Otaru, Ura R., Osatsubo, Aomori. 

4. nerka (Walbaum); Akan Lake in Kushiro, Urup I. 

2. Salmo Linneeus. 

5. perryi Brevoort; Aomori, Niigata, Lake Chuzenji, Kinu R., Daiya R., 
Otani R., Kamehani, Maebara, Karasaki, Kawagiri, Kitakami R., Hako- 
date, Tokyo market. 

3. Hucho Gunther. 
6. blackistoni (Hilgendorf); Nemuro, Chishima, Settsu, Shifto R., Heigun R. 
4. Salvelinus Richardson. 

7. kundscha (Pallas); Nemuro, Iturup I., Shinbeshi. 

8. pluvius Hilgendorf; Lake Chuzenji, Chishima, Nemuro, Ohata_ R., 
Kawagiri. 

9. malma (Walbaum). 

5. Plecoglossus Schlegel. 

10. atlivelis Schlegel; Ishikari R., Niigata, Aomori, Same, Matsushima, 
Morioka, Sendai, Tokyo, Tana R., Nikko, Gifu, Lake Biwa, Osaka, 
Wakanoura, Kobe, Hiroshima, Kurume, Nagasaki, Tan Sin R., Taihoku, 
Formosa. 

Family II. ArGENTINID®. 

6. Osmerus Lacépéde. 

11. dentex Steindachner; Kushiro, Hakodate, Tokyo market. 
Mesopus Gill. 

12. olidus (Pallas); Aomori, Same, Matsushima. 

13. japonicus Brevoort; Kushiro, Aomori. 
8. Argentina Linneus. 

14. kagoshime Jordan and Snyder; Kagoshima. 


~J 


Family III. Savanerpa. 
9. Salanx Cuvier. 
15. microdon Bleeker; Mororan, Aomori, Same, Tokyo. 
16. ariakensis Kishinouye: Ariake. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——38 


A REVIEW OF THE LABROID FISHES AND: RELATED 
FORMS FOUND IN THE WATERS OF JAPAN. 


By Davip Srarr JORDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, 
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 


In the present paper is given a review of the species of Pharyn- 
gognathus fishes (Pomacentride, Labride, and Scaride) known to 
inhabit the waters of Japan. It is based on the collections made by the 
writers in the summer of 1900, under the auspices of the Hopkins 
Seaside Laboratory of Stanford University. Series of the species 
obtained have been deposited in the United States National Museum. 
The authors are indebted to Mr. Michitaro Sindo for important aid 
in the comparison of specimens. 

In the descriptions the length of the head is measured from tip of 
snout to posterior border of opercle, the soft opercular flap not taken 
into account. The length of the snout is the distance between the tip 
of upper jaw, including the teeth, and the anterior edge of the orbit. 
The first anal spine is in some cases so very small that it is difficult to 
see with the unaided eye. The scales of the lateral series are counted 
to base of caudal rays, those on the fin not considered. On the cheek 
the scales are counted in series between eye and angle of preopercle. 
The accompanying illustrations are by Chloe Lesley Starks and Charles 
Bradley Hudson. 


Family I. POMACENTRID 2. 


Body short, deep, compressed, covered with ctenoid scales of vary- 
ing size; lateral line wanting posteriorly; mouth small, usually with 
rather strong teeth, either conic or incisortike; vomer and palatines 
toothless; nostril single on each side, nearly round; preopercle with 
its posterior edge largely free, serrate or entire; preorbital sheathing 
the small maxillary; dorsal fin single, with numerous strong spines, 
the spinous portion longer than the soft, which is similar to the soft 
anal, both fins scaly at base; anal spines 2; ventral fins thoracic, I, 5, 
the anterior rays longest, usually filamentous; a scaly_appendage at 
base of ventral. Lower pharyngeals fully united; branchiostegals 5 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIV—No. 1266. 
595 


596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


to 7; gills 35, the slit behind the last gill very small or obsolete; gill 
rakers rather long and slender; no labyrinthiform appendage; air 
bladder and pseudobranchiz present, well developed; pyloric ceca 2 
or 3; gill membranes free from the isthmus. Vertebre 12+14=26. 
Fishes of the tropical seas, similar in mode of life to the Cheetodontidee, 
feeding on small marine animals and plants in the coral reefs. Most 
of them are too small to be used as food. They are very active in life 
and the coloration is usually brilliant, sometimes changing much with 
age. The family shows strong affinities with the Labride in its gill 
structures and pharyngeals. In other respects it approaches the 
Kyphosidee, while the unique character of the simple nostril is shared 
with the Cichlide only, from ancestors of which group the Poma- 
centrid are probably descended. 


J. Scales moderate or large, 25 to 50 in lengthwise series. 
a. Teeth fixed, conical or incisor-like, covering nearly the whole free edge of each 
jaw; carnivorous species. 
b. Teeth conical, not flattened nor incisor-like. 

c. Teeth in one series; preorbital and all the opercular bones serrate, the 
teeth on the opercle and interopercle very strong; dorsal spines 9 to 11; 
scales'small (abouti50)) 422 es 9. ee eee eee eee Amphiprion, 1. 

cc. Teeth in 2 to 4 series, the outer enlarged and bluntish; preopercle entire; 

scales large; body oblong; lateral line wanting on tail; scales large; 
dorsal spines 12 or 13). .22 See sess ae eee eee Chromis, 2. 
bb. Teeth more or less flattened or incisor-like, in 1 or 2 series. 
d. Preopercle and usually preorbital also, sharply serrate. 
e. Teeth entire, mostly uniserial; preorbital not very deep, its edge not 
notched; scales large; dorsal spines 12 or 13 -..---.-- Pomacentrus, 3. 
dd. Preopercle and preorbital strictly entire; snout naked; suborbitals not 
adnate to the cheeks. 


e. Teeth not emarginate, arranged in two series. ..---.-.---- Chrysiptera, 4. 
ee. Teeth emarginate or Y-shaped, in one series; preorbital moderate; 
scales large; dorsal spines 12 or 18....-..---.------- Glyphisodon, 5. 


1. AMPHIPRION Schneider. 


Amphiprion SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, pp. 47, 200 (ephippium). 
Prochilus (Klein, Pisces Missus, V, p. 60, nonbinomial.) BLEEKrEr, Maatsch. 
Wet., II, 1877, p. 20 (ephippium). 


Body short and deep, covered with rather small roughish scales, 
about 50 in a longitudinal series; preorbital serrate, without large 
spine; all the opercular bones strongly serrate; teeth in one row, 
small, conical; dorsal spines 9 to 11. Coloration bright, with usually 
one or more sharply defined bluish white cross bands. ‘Tropical seas, 
abounding about coral reefs. 

(audi, everywhere; 7piwr, saw.) 

a. Dorsal rays 1X, 19; one broad, pearl-colored cross band, on the head and nape. 
frenatus, 1. 
aa. Dorsal rays X, 16; three pearl-colored bands on head and body ...-.polymnus, 2. 


j 
H 
a 


no.1266. DABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 597 


1. AMPHIPRION FRENATUS Brevoort. 

Amphiprion frenatus Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 263, pl. v1, fig. 4; 
Nafa, Okinawa Islands, Riukiu Archipelago.—GiLL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., 1859, p. 148; Shimoda.—Jorpan and Snyper, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
1900, p. 752; Okinawa, Shimoda. 

Amphiprion tricolor IsH1tkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 31; Riukiu, not of Gtinther. 

Head 33 in length; depth 1,%; depth of caudal peduncle 6; eye 33 
in head; interorbital space 23; snout 33; D. LX, 19; A. II, 15; scales 
in lateral line 46; in series between lateral and insertion of dorsal 7; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 20. 

Body short, deep, and compressed; head rounded anteriorly, the 
snout short; interorbital space convex. Mouth almost vertical, the 
lower jaw projecting; maxillary not extending to eye, suborbital with 
a strong spine on anterior part, posterior to which is a row of sborter 
spines; preopercle strongly serrate; opercle, interopercle, and sub- 
opercle with radiating ridges which end in sharp spines. Gill-rakers 
on first arch about 17, long and slender near middle of arch, growing 
very short toward the ends. 

Head and body covered with ctenoid scales; a naked area on inter- 
orbital space, snout, and chin; very small scales extending outward on 
dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Lateral line incomplete, ending below 
base of eleventh dorsal ray. Fourth dorsal spine longest, 24 in head; 
posterior rays of dorsal and anal longest, 15 in head. Caudal rounded, 

1in head. Pectorals and ventrals rounded. 

Color in spirits, bright chocolate brown without bands or stripes, 
lighter below, in the region of the pectoral fins and on snout and chin; 
a sharply defined bluish-gray collar bordered by a narrow band of 
pearly white and this in turn by brownish black, the width about equal 
to diameter of orbit, passing upward from the subopercle, behind the 
eye and over the back, just anterior to base of first dorsal spine. Fins 
yellowish, the spine of ventral brown. 

This description is of a specimen about 92 millimeters long from 
Okinawa. ‘Two other specimens taken at Shimoda by Mr. Morrow, of 
Commodore Perry’s expedition, were also examined. These were the 
basis of Gill’s account of Amphiprion frenatus, a species originally 
described from Okinawa. They have the body of a pale, yellowish- 
brown color with 3 light lateral bands extending along the sides, 
wider apart and broader anteriorly, converging and becoming narrower 
on the caudal peduncle; many scales of the body have each a small 
light spot. The width of the light collar varies somewhat in each 
individual. The Shimoda specimens measure as follows: Depth 0.56 
of length, scales 7-48-20, D. LX, 19, A. II, 14; depth 0.60, scales 
(47-20, D. IX, 17, A. II, 14. 

Though these specimens differ somewhat in color and in the depth 
of body, they probably all belong to the same species. From Amphi- 
prion macrostomus, the most nearly related species, described by 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Bleeker, they differ in having but 9 dorsal spines; in form and color 
they differ but little, save that in the latter the anal and ventrals are 
blackish, not yellow. The name /renatus was used prior to that of 
MACPOStOMUS. 

(frenatus, with a bridle.) 


2. AMPHIPRION POLYMNUS Linnezus. 


Perca polymna Linn xus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 291; Indies. 

Amphiprion polymnus Bioce and Scunerper, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 203.—Srern- 
DACHNER, Ichth. Mitth., VII, 1861, p. 79.—Burrexer, Holl. Maats., 1877, 
p. 28; Sumatra, Nias, Singapore, Bangkok, Java, Celebes, Flores, Solor, Am- 
boyna, Ceram, Banda, Goram, Philippines, ete. 

Sparus mylius Bory, Dict. Classique, pl. cxin. 

Amphiprion chrysopterus CuvrER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., V, 1836, p. 301; 
locality unknown.—GitnruHerR, Cat. Fish., [V, 1862, p. 8. 

Amphiprion xanthurus CuvreR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., V, 1830, p. 402; 
Ile de France.—GinruHer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 5; Batavia.—IsHikawa, 
Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 31; Kii, Riukiu. 

Anthias clarkii BENNETT, Fishes Ceylon, 1830, p. 29; Ceylon. 

Amphiprion clarkii Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., IX, 1833, p. 504.— 
GtnTHeER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 5; Amboina, Singapore, Mozambique, 
China.—Day, Fishes India, I, p. 378. 

Amphiprion japonicus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 66; Nagasaki.—RricH- 
ARDsON, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 254; Canton. 

Amphiprion chrysargurus Ricuarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 254; Canton. 

Amphiprion milii THtoLiizre, Fauna Woodlark, p. 198; Woodlark Island. 

Amphiprion bicinctus Puayrarr, Fishes Zanzibar, p. 80; Zanzibar. 

Amphiprion boholensis Carrrer, Phys. Soc. Wurzburg, V, p. 96. 

D. X, 16; A. II, 14; scales in lateral series 55; in transverse series 
Onin: 

Ground color brown or black, with three pearl-colored cross bands, 
the last around the tail; thorax and chin, pectoral, ventral, and caudal 
fins yellow; dorsal fin black. The dorsal fin is scarcely notched and 
has the spines stout and short. The height of the body is rather less 
than one-half of the total length (caudal not included); the caudal fin 
is emarginate. (Giinther.) 

We have not seen this species and adopt the views of Dr. Bleeker 
and Dr. Giinther as to its synonymy. The species must be rare in 
Japan, having been taken only at Nagasaki and in the province of Kil. 

The variations in color indicating local or other varieties have been 
indicated as follows: 

a. Ventrals and anal yellow: polymnus. 

aa. Ventrals and anal dusky or black; pectoral half black: chrysargurus. 
aaa. Ventrals yellow; anal black: clarkii. 

aaaa. All the fins black: boholensis. 

aaaaa. Ventrals and anal edged with black: japonicus. 

In case these forms should prove distinct species, the Japanese form 
would stand as Amphiprion japonicus. 

(polymnus, a classical proper name; mohUs, many; Us«LVOS, song.) 


no.1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. DoS) 


2. CHROMIS Cuvier. 


Chromis Cuvier, Mémoires du Mus. d’ Hist. Nat., 1815 (chromis). 

Heliases Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1830, p. 495 (insolatus). 
Furcaria Pory, Memorias Cuba, II, 1860, p. 194 (puncta=multilineatus). 

Ayresia CoopEr, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1863, p. 73 (punctipinnis). 

Heliastes G@NTHER, corrected spelling. 


Body oblong or ovate, the depth two-fifths to two-thirds the length 
of the body without caudal. Preopercle entire, or nearly so; lateral 
line wanting on tail. Mouth small; teeth conical, in 2 or more series, 
the outer series enlarged and blunt. Scales rather large, 24 to 30 ina 
longitudinal series; suborbital and lower jaw scaly. Dorsal fin with 
12 to 14 spines and 9 to 14 soft rays; caudal more or less forked, the 
lobes rounded or acute. Branchiostegals normally 5.  Pyloric ceca 
2. Gillrakers long and slender. Tropical seas; species numerous, 
varying considerably in form, perhaps divisible into smaller genera. 

(ypouts, the ancient name of some fish, probably a Sciznoid, from 
xXpéuoo, to neigh, from the noise made by the fish.) 


3- CHROMIS NOTATUS (Schlegel). 


SUZUMEDAI (SWALLOW. TAI); ABURA Uwo (OILY-FISH); DOGORO 
(FOOLISH); GONGORO (FOOLISH). 

Heliastes notatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 66; Nagasaki.—Gtnrner, Cat. 
Fish., IV, 1862, p. 63; Canton.—IsHrkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 30; Misaki, 
Boshu, Kii. 

Chromis notatus JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 358; 


Tokyo; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 755; Tsushima, Yokohama. 


Head 34 in length; depth 245; depth of caudal peduncle 7; eye 34 
in head; interorbital space 34; snout 34; maxillary 32; D. XIII, 12; 
A. II, 10; scales in lateral series 25; between lateral line and insertion 
of dorsal 3; between lateral line and insertion of anal 10. 

Body ovate, the contour somewhat arched anterior to dorsal fin, a 
slight elevation over eye, the ventral outline less curved than the dorsal. 
Interorbital space convex; preorbital narrow, its width contained 33 
times in the orbit. Mouth very oblique, the maxillary extending toa 
vertical between anterior edge of orbit and pupil. Teeth in narrow 
bands on anterior part of jaws, the bands narrowing to a single row of 
close-set teeth posteriorly, the outer series somewhat enlarged and 
curved. Pseudobranchie prominent. Gill rakers on first arch 10+-20, 
slender, compressed and close set. Edges of preopercle and opercle 
entire. 

Head and body completely covered with large, weakly ctenoid 
scales; rather elongate, minute scales extending far out on the mem- 
branes of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Lateral line incomplete, ending 
below insertion of soft dorsal. Fourth to fifth or sixth dorsal spine 
longest, 14 in head; middle rays of soft dorsal longest, filamentous, 


600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


extending, when depressed, to middle of caudal. Second anal spine 
strong, equal in length to longest dorsal spine. Longest anal rays 
extending a little beyond base of caudal; 2 or 3 sharp spines on upper 
and lower edge of base of caudal, the fin deeply notched, the upper and 
lower lobes somewhat filamentous, the length contained 3 times in head 
and body. Upper rays of pectoral longest, gradually becoming shorter 
to the lowest. Ventrals pointed, the outer ray longest, filamentous. 

Color in spirits, brownish, the color becoming more intense on upper 
parts, especially along base of dorsal fin and also near base of anal; 
silvery on breast and lower part of head; axil blackish, the color 
extending over the upper part of base of pectoral, forming a conspic- 
uous dark blotch; inconspicuous, narrow, dark lines, one on each row 
of scales, extending along sides of body; dorsal and anal blackish 
toward the tips, the basal part and the last 2 or 3 rays yellowish white; 
middle rays of caudal and the upper and lower edge of the fin light, 
the other parts dark brownish; pectorals and ventrals dusky. In a 
small, highly colored example the under parts are strongly suffused 
with orange, the bases of dorsal and anal; the last 2 rays of the same 
fins, the middle rays of the caudal, and its upper and lower edge 
are bright orange. 

In life the ground color is steel-violet. 

This little fish is very abundant throughout southern Japan in the 
bays and about rocks. It is used as food, though from its small size 
held in low esteem, as the name Dogoro indicates. Our specimens are 
from Tokyo, Misaki, Enoshima, Onomichi, Kobe, Wakanoura, Hiro- 
shima, Tsushima, and Nagasaki. 

(notatus, spotted.) 


3. POMACENTRUS Lacépéde. 


Pomacentrus LAckPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1803, p. 508 (pavo); (teeth biserial, 
soft dorsal short, often elevated; caudal deeply forked, teeth truncate). 
Pristotis Riippett, Neue Wirbelthiere Fische, 1837, p. 128 (eyanostigma) 

(= Pomacentrus). 

Pseudopomacentrus BLEEKER, Verh. Holl. Maats. Weten., II, 1877, p. 40 (littoralis) ; 
(teeth rounded; preorbital notched; caudal lunate). 

Parapomacentrus BLEEKER, Nat. Verh. Holl. Maats. Weten., II, 1877, p. 65 
(polynema); (teeth uniserial; lower jaw scaly; snout scaly; spinous dorsal 
with membrane incised and lobed). 

Amblypomacentrus BLEEKER, Nat. Verh. Holl. Maats. Weten., II, 1877, p. 68 
(breviceps); (snout and lower jaw naked). 

Eupomacentrus BLEEKER, Nat. Verh. Holl. Maats. Weten., II, 1877, p. 73 
(lividus); (snout scaly; lower jaw naked; membranes of spinous dorsal not 
notched; teeth uniserial ). 

Brachypomacentrus BLEEKER, Nat. Verh. Holl. Maats. Weten., 1877, p. 73 
(albifasciatus); (as above; membrane of spinous dorsal deeply notched). 


Body ovate, or oblong, compressed, the profile steep, usually 
rounded. Head moderate, nearly as deep as long, the snout scaly, 


; 


No.1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 601 


the lower jaw scaly or naked. Mouth quite small, terminal, the jaws 
equal; each jaw armed with one or two close-set series of compressed, 
immovable teeth, which are truncate or rounded at tip, sometimes a 
few small teeth behind these. Gill rakers long; preopercle more or 
less serrate; preorbital serrate. Scales large, strongly ctenoid, the 
lateral line running parallel with the back to near the end of the 
dorsal fin, at which point it ceases. Dorsal fin continuous, with 12 or 
13 low stout spines; membrane of spinous dorsal, usually not deeply 
incised nor lobed, the soft part more or less elevated, its last rays 
gradually shortened; lower limb of preopercle usually more or less 
scaly; preorbital narrow, without deep notch; anal fin similar to soft 
dorsal, with 2 spines, of which the second is much the larger; soft 
rays 12 to 16; dorsal spines with a sheath of large scales, the mem- 
branes of both dorsal and anal covered high up with small scales; 
caudal fin more or less forked, the lobes rounded; lower pharyngeals 
triangular; branchiostegals 5 or 6. Species numerous in the tropical 
seas; extremely variable in form and color, the brilliant coloration 
apparently dependent on surroundings. 

(za, opercle; KévTPOY, spine.) 


a. Body rather elongate, the depth less than half the length to base of caudal; caudal 
fin deeply forked, with filamentous tips; preorbital and lower jaw naked. 

b. Dorsal rays XIII, 11; anal II, 11; scales 27; adark spot above gill opening 
Np RRL geyser pV ee Fue US Wn PUPS PrN ees recat ha te, 2 ISS violascens, 4. 
bb. Dorsal rays XIII, 14; anal II, 14; scales 25; color largely deep blue. .celestis, 5. 
aa. Body rather deep, about half length in adult; caudal fin slightly concave, the 
lobes rounded; preorbital and jaws naked; dorsal rays XIII, 15; anal II, 
15; scales 25; young with a large ocellus edged before with white, on the soft 
GOT Sel een ee = ee ae asl PUES Heh se eae £2) Sea tripunctatus, 6. 


4. POMACENTRUS VIOLASCENS Bleeker. 


29 


Pristotis violascens BLEEKER, Journ. Ind. Arch., II, 1848, p. 637; Sumbawa. 

Pomacentrus violascens BLEEKER, Natuurk. Tyd. Ned. Ind., VI, p. 318; XII, p. 
222.—GiinruERr, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 20; Sumbawa, Nias. —Buerxer, Holl. 
Maatsch. Vet., 1877, p. 46; Nias, Sumbawa, Flores, Buro, Amboyna, Ceram. 

Dascyllus xanthurus BLEEKER, Amboyna, III, 1853, p. 117; Nias. 

Pomacentrus teniurus Karo, Prodr. Pisc. As. Or., 1882, p. 27; Hirado. (No 
description; probably not of Bleeker, whose species, from Amboyna, has the 
caudal lobes dark.) 

Pomacentrus rathbuni JorDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 754; 
near Yokohama. 


A 


Head 33 in length; depth 23; depth of caudal peduncle 64; eye 23 
in head; snout 4; interorbital space 3; maxillary 3; dorsal XIII, 11; 
anal II, 11; scales in lateral line 27; between lateral line and insertion 
of dorsal 3; between lateral line and insertion of anal 9. 

Eye large, somewhat oblong; interorbital space convex; its width 
equal to vertical diameter of eye. Snout short, rounded. Jaws sub- 
equal; cleft of mouth oblique; maxillary extending posteriorly to edge 


602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


of orbit; its length equal to width of interorbital space. Teeth ina 
single row; firmly embedded; 42 in upper jaw, 34 in the lower; incisor- 
like; broad anteriorly, the cutting edge scarcely rounded; narrower and 
gradually becoming pointed posteriorly. Gill rakers on first arch 21; 
iong, slender, with minute bristles on the sides. _Preorbital narrow, its 
edge not notched. Edge of suborbital serrated; not adnate to cheek. 
Posterior edge of preopercle finely serrated; the lower edge entire. 
Opercle with a rather large flat spine, above which are two closely 
opposed smaller ones. Scales ctenoid. Head with scales everywhere 
except on preorbital, symphysis of lower jaw and _ branchiostegal 
region. Body completely scaled. Dorsal and anal fins with a low 
sheath of scales along their bases. Interradial membranes of dorsal, 
anal, caudal, and pectoral fins with thin, oblong scales. Lateral line 
interrupted in the region of the seventeenth vertical row of scales, 
beginning again on the third row below, where it is represented by a 
single pit in each scale. Dorsal spines growing longer consecutively 
to the fourth; others of about equal length; middle rays of dorsal 
filamentous. First anal spine about one-half as long as the second; 
the latter a little shorter than the rays; posterior rays filamentous. 
Caudal deeply forked; the longest upper and lower rays filamentous. 
Pectoral pointed, the upper rays longest. First (outer) ray of ventral 
filamentous. Color violaceous; no distinct color marks on alcoholic 
specimens, except a faint dark spot immediately above gill opening; a 
small light brown spot at upper edge of base of pectoral; edges of 
unpaired fins narrowly washed with brownish; a narrow, indistinct, 
light band along the center of each lateral row of scales. 

This species is known to us from the types of Pomacentrus rathbuni 
from near Yokohama. Renewed comparison with Bleeker’s plates and 
a larger experience with the variation of these fishes have convinced us 
of the identity of the Japanese specimens with Bleeker’s Pomacentrus 
violascens. Bleeker’s cyanomos and teniurus are certainly closely 
related. The species belongs to the typical group of Pomacentrus, 
characterized by the short soft dorsal and deeply forked caudal. 

(wiolascens, becoming violet. ) 


5. POMACENTRUS CCELESTIS Jordan and Starks. ' 


Pomacentrus celestis JORDAN and Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei., 1900, p. 383, pl. xx; 
Wakanoura. 


Head 3.5 in body; depth 2.8; eye 3.1 in head; maxillary 3.2; inter- 
orbital 4, equal to snout. Dorsal XIII, 14; anal II, 14; scales 25— 
25-9. 

Body regularly ovate-oblong, the anteriod dorsal profile more con- 
vex than ventral. Interorbital space convex. Tip of snout on a level 
with lower margin of eye. Mouth small, slightly oblique, the jaws 


no.1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 603 


about equal; maxillary reaching to below anterior edge of pupil; teeth 
in a single row in jaws, conical, rather blunt. Preorbital entire. 
Preopercle sharply denticulated. 

Dorsal without a notch between the spinous and rayed portions. 
The rays and spines are evenly graduated from the first spine to the 
eighth or ninth soft ray. The last spine is about twice the length of 
the first, while the ninth ray is about three times. The rays thence 
rapidly shorten, leaving the longest rays projecting beyond the tip of 
the last ray a distance nearly equal to the latter’s length, and reaching 
past base of caudal rays. Anal similar to dorsal and about of the 
same height; its base and tips of longest rays ending slightly anterior 
to those of dorsal. Pectoral shorter than head by about half the eye’s 
diameter; its tip reaching to within a scale and a half above origin of 
anal. The first ray of ventral filamentous, its tip just reaching to anal. 
Lobes of caudal pointed, the upper lobe the longer. 


F1G. 1.—POMACENTRUS COLESTIS. 


Snout, lower jaw, interorbital ring, and the edge of preopercle 
naked. Cheeks with two rows of scales. Scales on top of head ex- 
tending forward to above anterior edge of pupil. A row of scales 
between each ray and spine of anal, dorsal, and caudal. Lateral line 
on sixteen scales, stopping under base of last dorsal spine. 

Color in alcohol: back above lower edge of pectoral cobalt blue 
with a vertical dark line at the base of each scale, which extending 
under the transparent edge of each preceding scale shows through it, 
the color below fading into a purplish brown with a faint blue spot 
on each scale; dorsal and anal blackish, darker anteriorly; ventrals 
light, the outer edges dusky; pectorals and caudal yellowish, a black 
band across base of pectoral rays; edges of caudal and tips of rays 
dusky. 

The single fine specimen on which this species is based was obtained 
by the writers at Wakanoura. The species is nearest Pomacentrus 
melanochir of Bleeker, having similar general form and coloration, 


604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


and the same absence of scales on the suborbital, mandible and snout. 
Bleeker’s species (from Bali, Flores, Tinior, Buro, and Amboina) has 
three rows of scales on the cheek, and 28 instead of 25 scales in a lat- 
eral series. The coloration (dusky violet with rows of pearly spots) 
is somewhat different, but in both the dark curved bar at base of pec- 
toral is conspicuous. 

(caelestis, sky blue.) 


6. POMACENTRUS TRIPUNCTATUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvigr and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1830, 
p. 421; Vanicolo. 

Pomacentrus vanicolensis Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, p. 421; 
Vanicolo. 

Pomacentrus emarginatus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, p. 
422; Waigiou. 

Pomacentrus chrysurus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, p. 423; 
South Seas. : 

Pomacentrus trilineatus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 
V, p. 428; Red Sea.—GitnrHer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 25; Massua, Molucca.— 
BLEEKER, Atl. Ichth., p. 406, pls. 1 to v1; Holl. Maats. Vet., 1877, p. 61; 
Sumatra, Java, Philippines, etc.—Day, Fishes of India, I, 1886, p. 382.— 
JorpAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1901, p. 753; Shimoda, type of 
P. dorsalis. 

Pomacentrus biocellatus Riippett, Neue Wirbelthiere Fische, 1837, p. 127, pl. xxxt, 
fig. 3; Red Sea. 

Pomacentrus marginatus SCHLEGEL and Mt.Luer, Amphiprion, p. 20. 

Pristotis fuscus BLEEKER, Bali, p. 9, 1856; Bali. 

Pomacentrus katunko BueEKeERr, Timor, III, p. 169; Timor. 

Pomacentrus bankanensis BLEEKER, Sumatra, p. 513; Banka.—GitnrTuHeEr, Cat. Fish., 
IV, 1862, p. 26; China Sea. 

Pomacentrus teniometopon BLEEKER, Amboyna, p. 283; Molucca.—GUtnrTuer, Cat. 
Fish., IV, 1862, p. 25. 

Pomacentrus simsiang BuEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., 1856, p. 90; Batavia.— 
GiwnrTHeER, Cat. Fish., IV, p. 22. 

Pomacentrus dorsalis Guu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 147; Shimoda; coll. 
J. Morrow of Comm. Perry’s Exped.—GtnruHe_r, Cat. Fish., [V, 1862, p. 29; 
China. 

Pomacentrus punctatolineatus Cartier, Verh. Phys. Med. Ges. Wurzburg, p. 98. 


Of the type of Pomacentrus dorsalis, Gill gives the following 
account: 


D. XII, 15; A. II, 15. The body is oblong oval, with its abdominal outline 
more arched than its dorsal. The head is small, and its outline from the nape to the 
snout is straight. The eye is large and near the profile. Thesuborbital hasa simple 
strong tooth directed horizontally backward, and separated by a semielliptical sinus 
from the body of the bone. The suborbital beneath the eye has also one or two 
small vertical processes. There are about 25 scales in a longitudinal row on the 
side. The color is brown, with 1 or 2 obscure bluish dots on each posterior scale of 
the sides. The operculum and preoperculum have a few more distinct ones, and 
there isalso a distinct black dot at the scapular angle of the operculum. A large 
black dot, bordered anteriorly by bluish-white, is on the posterior rays of the dorsal. 
There isa black dot at the upper angle of the base of the pectoral. The ventrals 
are purple; the caudal yellow toward the base. (Gill.) Depth in adult about half 
length. 


> 
“ 


no.1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 605 


According to Bleeker, this species loses with age its black dorsal 
spot. Others have 3 black spots, and others 3 to 5 blue lines along 
the forehead; scales sometimes with blue dots; caudal and tail yellow- 
ish in adult. 

This species is known to us only from the type of Pomacentrus 
dorsalis from Shimoda. This specimen, examined by us, corresponds 
very closely to Bleeker’s figures of ‘partly grown specimens of this 
widely diffused species, and we are obliged to accept the synonymy as 
given by him. The name ¢r/punctatus is, however, prior to ¢rilineatus. 

(tres, three; punctatus, spotted, the young having sometimes three 
spots, one on the opercle, one on the soft dorsal, and one on the back 
of the tail.) 


4. CHRYSIPTERA Swainson. 


- Chrysiptera Swatnson, Nat. Hist. Fish., Il, 1839 (azureus) (not Chrysoptera 
Latreille, 1825, a genus of Lepidoptera). 
Paraglyphidodon BureKer, Holl. Maatsch. Wetens., 1877, p. 116 (bonang). 
Glyphidodontops BLEEKER, Cat. Fish., p. 128 (cyaneus = azureus). 

This genus differs from Glyphisodon in the presence of 2 rows of 
teeth in each jaw, these teeth being rounded at tip and not emarginate. 
It is divided by Bleeker into two genera, Paraglyphidodon, with the 
snout scaly and body rather deep, and Glyphidodontops, with the 
snout naked and the form oblong. The name Chrysiptera may be 
retained, as it differs a little from Chrysoptera. 

(vpvoos, golden; 77TEpor, fin.) 


a. Adult uniform violet black; dorsal rays XIII, 14; anal, IJ, 13.........- melas, 7. 
aa. Adultbrown; young with one or two black ocelli on the dorsal; dorsal rays XIII, 
(foie: Fanelli Sead ae, ee eae ee Pen eee eee ee eee eee bonang, 8. 


7. CHRYSIPTERA MELAS (Kuhl and Van Hasselt.) 


Glyphisodon melas (Kuhl and Van Hasselt) Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. 
Poiss., V, 1830, p. 472; Java.—ScHLeGet and Mijitier, Amphiprion, p. 23, pl. 
v, fig. 2.—GitnrHer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 45.—BLeeKer, Atlas Ichth. 
Pom., pl. ccccry, fig. 4-—Kuunzincer, Fisch. Rothen Meeres, p. 526.— 
Bieeker, Holl. Maat. Vet., 1877, p. 124; Nias, Singapore, Java, Celebes, 
Solor, Ceram, Amboyna. 

Glyphisodon ater (Ehrenberg) Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., V, p. 473; 
Massuah, Red Sea. 

Glyphisodon violaceus Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 264; Riukiu Islands 
(Okinawa) (uniform dusky violet. ) 


“DPD. XIII, 14; A. II, 13; scales in lateral series 28; in transverse 
series 3+ 10. 

“The height of the body is more than one-half of the total length, 
the caudal fin not included; the infraorbital ring below the orbit is not 
much narrower thanthe preorbital. Teeth very narrow, scarcely com- 
pressed. Dorsal spines rather short; caudal fin subtruncated. Uni- 
form black, shining greenish.” (Giinther.) 


606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. . 


* 
& 


This species is placed in the list of Japanese fishes because the deserip- 
tion of Glyphidodon violaceus from Riukiu apparently refers to it. 
But there is room for doubt as to the accuracy of this identification. 

We have 3 or 4 very young specimens from Misaki, olivaceous in 
life, with two narrow cross-bands of bright yellow, the caudal yellow; 
no ocelli. They may belong to this or some related species. 

Still another species with a bright yellow caudal fin occurs in the 
tide pools at Misaki. Having no specimen more than an inch long we 
can not identify this. 

(uéhas, black.) 


8. CHRYSIPTERA BONANG (Bleeker). 


Glyphidodon bonang BLEEKER, Sumatra, p. 582; Sumatra.—GitNrHeEr, Cat. Fish., 
IV, p. 45. 

Paraglyphidodon bonang BureKEr, Holl. Maats. Vet., 18 
Jaya. 


“DPD. XII, 15 to 16; A. II, 18; scales in -lateral series!-29-3 im 
traverse series 4-+ 11. 

‘*The height of the body is contained 14 times in the total length, 
without caudal; infraorbitals scaly; caudal fin slightly emarginate, with 
the lobes rounded. Mature specimens uniform brown, the dorsal, 
anal, and ventral fins being blackish toward the margin; a black spot 
superiorly at the base of the pectoral fin. Immature specimens with 
lighter dots, and with a large dark ocellus edged with whitish on the 
base of the posterior portion of the soft dorsal fin.” (Giinther.) 

A little fish from Misaki, less than an inch long, with a large ocellus 
on the spinous dorsal, and a smaller black spot in the axil of the soft 
dorsal, can be referred to no other known species. It has the dorsal 
rays XIII, 16, the anal II, 13, the depth half the length, and the body 
with two pale cross shades. 

In coloration it corresponds to the ‘*zonatus” form of Chrysiptera 
brownrigg? (Bennett) (Glyphidodon antjerius Cuvier and Valenciennes), 
but in form of body and number of dorsal rays it differs widely from 
that species. 

(Lonang, the vernacular name in Sumatra.) 


edad 


77, p. 118; Sumatra, 


66 


5. GLYPHISODON Lacépede. 


Abudefduf' ForskaAu, Descr. Anim., ete., 1775, p. 59 (sordidus) vernacular name, 
not intended for use in taxonomy. 

Glyphisodon LAcEPEDE, Hist. Nat Poiss., 1V, 1803, p. 542 (moucharra). 

Stegastes JENYNS, Voy. Beagle, 1842, p. 63 (imbricatus) (dorsal spines 12; snout 
sealy). 


1 The writers have hitherto adopted for this genus the earlier name, Abudefduf, given 
by Forskal. Forskal divides the Linnzean genus Chetodon into three subdivisions, 
corresponding to the modern families of Cheetodontidee, Pomacentridee, and Acan- 
thuridz. To these he applies the names of Chxtodon, Abudefduf, and Acanthurus. 
The paper of Forskal, printed after his death, is one of the ablest ichthyological 


no.1266. [LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 607 


Euschistodus Giuu, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 145 (declivifrons). 

Hemiglyphidodon BurEker, Holl. Maatsch. Wetens., 1877, p. 91 (plagiometopon) 
(lower pharyngeals quadrate). 

Amblyglyphidodon BLEEKER, Holl. Maatsch. Wetens., 1877, p. 92 (aureus) (scales 
above lateral lines in 1 or 2 rows). 

Glyphidodon corrected spelling. 


Body deep, compressed, covered with large ctenoid scales; snout 
without scales; preopercle and preorbital entire, the lower limb of 
preopercle scaleless; 3 to 4 rows of scales between lateral line and 
dorsal; teeth compressed, fixed, more or less distinctly emarginate, in 
one series in each jaw, those below occupying most of the free edge of 
the jaw; jaws subequal. Dorsal usually with 13 spines, the last 
slightly shorter than the median ones; branchiostegals 5 or 6; pyloric 


works of the last century. An inspection of the work makes it likely that con- 
siderable confusion occurred in the arrangement of his notes for publication. It 
is not likely that he intended to have Abudefduf used as a generic name. It was 
apparently an Arabic word placed in his notes as a stop-gap until a classic word 
should be chosen, as was done in the case of Acanthurus. If the case of Abudefduf 
stood alone, we might feel compelled to use the name as that of a modern genus. 
But there are a number of similar cases in Forskal’s work, among which it will be 
difficult to draw the line. For example, he states that the very vast genus Scizena will 
also admit of convenient subdivision, and a number of groups under Arabic names 
are more or less fully defined, the type species in each case being evident. Some of 
these, as Nagua and Harid, are plainly not available, but for others, as Djabub and 
Abudefduf, something of an argument can be made. In our judgment, all these 
group names may be rejected as of merely vernacular, not binomial, character. In 
almost every case the name of Forskal (1775) has priority over its modern equivalent. 


The names concerned are the following: 


Forskal’s group name. Page. ‘ Type. Equivalent. 
MNase sete eels tee lemicticrercisine Sone eceeisees >. Of 0 ta +401] 0) 0): Pe SORE rae Genyoroge. 
LTT oS 5 oo Sgt Goes Gee Teele 44. \ NOU Sse sess 2 ee tone | Variola. 
Mamet se ae a neeicciceacices a = te eee cose See 44 |-areolatus'..:2-52.....-| Epinephelus. 
ADMG UD Dest sem cee ane osinc eee hacasas 44°) lanulatus 235-2 325-2 | Cheilinus. 
SSG) oAnd jaadeieopadec Gane aeon aesee ee 440) haride ase: sc seen ees | Searus. 
AOU aC See ae ey ene Re Ate Doe ae 44h hamrurs. siesta Priacanthus. 
BID OS A Se pO en SES Be Ge Et ae anaes 44 | fulviflamma.......... Lutianus. 
LITO RS Oe A SOROS e or RS Sear In Ec et 44) \MSAMMAaTases225 2522 - Holocentrus. 
(CHV OV;) 00S ee Ser Se ee ee ee Sane eee A4s Fohamamen se iste ae 2 Scolopsis. 
DTDs seks SaaS ore ee ese eckson aane ee AA NOVA DUA! ee cme acce sec cis Therapon. 
UMGUCT UI oe 28s Gens So ae ae een ra ae eae Ae 45 | gaterina Plectorhynchus. 
BEDDOW — on, ae 45 | mahsena Lethrinus. 
AME Baan s So ciack wae sence ae ceicls.c% cela series 45 | tahmel . Opisthistius. 
PNDUGELOIT m2 soe simges ose diese see ees 59 | sordidus Glyphisodon. 


Of these names, Naqua is especially dubious, as Forskél was uncertain as to its 
application. Louti, Daba, and Abudjubbe may be rejected on account of the peculiar 
form in which they are proposed, ‘‘Perca dentibus Louti,’’? ‘‘perches having the 
teeth of Perca louti,’’ being the designation of the subgeneric group. Hazrid is equiv- 
alent to the earlier Scarus. Ghanan, Schoiir, and Tahhmel have no definition except 
that implied in the name, being the vernacular appellation of species defined fur- 
theron. Abuhamrur, Hobar, Farer, Djabub, and Gaterin stand ona basis similar to 
that of Abudefduf. There is no injustice done in regarding all of these as of vernac- 
ular character, and in rejecting them all, as we reject ‘‘Les Sphéroides”’ and ‘‘Les 
Pristipomes’’ of French authors, when not placed in classical form or in binomial 
position. 


608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


ceca 3. Lower pharyngeals triangular. Species numerous; often 
brightly colored; about coral reefs in the tropical seas. We exclude 
from this genus all species with rounded, biserial teeth. 

(yAddis, notch, of an arrow; 0dovs, tooth.) 


a. Axil of dorsal without black blotch or ocellus. 
b. Body with 5 distinct black cross bands, the fourth under front of soft dorsal; 
depth 1} in length; dorsa. rays XIII, 13; anal IT, 12; scales 26. .-.-saxatilis, 9. 
bb. Body with % dark cross bands; depth about 1} in length; dorsal rays XILI, 
13°-amal, IL, 3s scalesy27 a: Sao eee see eee ae eee eee curacao, 10. 
aa. Axil of soft dorsal with a large black ocellus, persistent as a black blotch on 
caudal peduncle at all ages; body with about 5 narrow vertical silvery bands; 
depth 1} in length; dorsal rays XIII, 16; anal II, 16; scales 28--.sordidus, 11. 


9. GLYPHISODON SAXATILIS (Linnzus). 
OYABITSUCHIYA.! 


Chetodon saxatilis LINN&Eus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 276 (after Chexetodon 
cauda bifurca, fasciis 5, albis, Mus. Adolph. Fred., I, p. 64); India.—For- 
skAL, Deser. Anim., 1775, p. 62; Red Sea, and of the earliest copyists; not 
Glyphidodon saxatilis of most writers, the name having been wrongly trans- 
ferred to an American species, Glyphisodon marginatus (Bloch). 

Glyphisodon saxatilis JORDAN and Snyper, Fishes of Formosa MS,; Keerun, For- 
mosa. 

Chetodon rotundus Lixnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 277 (after Chextodon 
rotundatus cinereus fasciis 5); India. 

Labrus sexfasciatus LAcePEpDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 477; pl. xrx, fig. 2; 
Indian Ocean. 

Abudefduf sexfasciatus JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 755; 
Shimoda, Misaki: 

Chetodon tyrwhitti Bennett, Fishes of Ceylon, 1833-1841, pl. xxv; Ceylon.— 
RicHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 253; Canton. 

Glyphisodon waigiensis Quoy and GAIMARD, Voy. Uranie Poiss., 1824, p. 391; 
Waigion, Rauwak.—Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1830, 
p- 457 (fourth band under middle of soft dorsal, fifth on middle of caudal 
peduncle; body deep). ‘ 

tlyphisodon rahti Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., V, 1830, p. 456; IX, 
p. 507; Red Sea, Java, Celebes, New Guinea. (Caudal without dark shades. ) 

Glyphisodon celestinus CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1830, 
p. 464; IX, p. 508; Ile de France, Malabar, Alietea. (Caudal with a dark 
band along each lobe.)—RicHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 253.—GrLL, 
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 147; Shimoda, Canton.—GinrTHeEr, Cat. 
Fish., 1V, 1862, p. 38; Hongkong, Pinang, China, Amboyna, India.—Day, 
Fish. India, p. 386, pl. Lxxx1n, fig. 2.—BLrEKer, Atlas Ichth. Pomac., p. 408, 
pl. 1x, fig. 5.—BierKer, Holl. Maatsch. Wet., 1877, p. 101; Sumatra, Java, 
Singapore, Flores, New Guinea, Luzon, etc.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, 
p. 31; Riukiu. 

Glyphidodon saxatilis var. celestinus GinTHER, Fische. Siidsee, 1876, p. 229, pl. 
xxvi; Tahiti, etc. 

Glyphisodon quadrifasciatus BLEEKER, Labr. Cten., p. 17. 


Head 2-°; in length; depth 14; depth of the caudal peduncle 53; eye 
22 in head; snout 34; interorbital space 2%; D. XIII, 12; A. II, 12; 


1 Name of some person; its application not explained. 


NO, 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 609 


scales in lateral series 27; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 4; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 9. 

Dorsal outline straight from snout to insertion of dorsal fin, consider- 
ably arched in some specimens; base of soft dorsal descending abruptly 
to caudal peduncle, ventral outline pretty evenly curved between snout 
and caudal peduncle; interorbital space broad, flat, or slightly convex. 
Snout blunt, shorter than diameter of eye, jaws equal, mouth almost 
vertical, the maxilliary not reaching anterior edge of orbit. Teeth in a 
single row on each jaw, compressed and rather blunt. Pseudobranchiz 
prominent; gill-rakers on first arch 8 + 17, long and slender. Edges 
of preopercle and preorbital entire. Head and body covered with 
large ctenoid scales, the snout naked; small scales extending on bases 
of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Lateral line incomplete, ending below 
middle of soft dorsal. Fifth and sixth dorsal spines highest, con- 
tained 1% times in head; middle rays of soft dorsal highest, about 
equal to length of head. Second anal spine very strong, its length 

3 in head; longest rays 1%. Caudal deeply notched, the upper lobe 
longest, 2% in length of head and body. Pectorals 3 in length, rather 
fa‘cate. Ventrals extending to insertion of anal, the first ray fila- 
mentous. Color, light olive, with a silvery reflection. Body with 5 
distinct brownish black vertical bands, broad above, in the middle 
ones pointed below; the first band extends from occiput to origin of 
dorsal, ending below in a conspicuous dark spot at upper part of base 
of pectoral; the second band extends downward from bases of fourth 
to seventh spines and disappears before the belly is reached; the third 
has its origin at bases of tenth, eleventh, and twelfth spines and 
extends to origin of anal; the fourth extends between anterior part of 
soft dorsal and posterior part of anal; the fifth, not so distinct as the 
others, crosses the caudal peduncle. Head dusky, very dark on inter- 
orbital area. Membranes of spinous dorsal and basal part of soft 
dorsal dusky; the color of the dark bands extends upward on the fins; 
caudal dusky near the margin and at base; the other fins with a little 
dusky color. 

Here described from a specimen 50 millimeters long from Misaki. 
An individual 185 millimeters long from Formosa measures as follows: 
Head 33 in length; depth 2; depth of caudal peduncle 13, 64; eye 34 
in head; snout 34; interorbital space 3; D. XIII, 138; A. II, 12; scales 
4-26-10. 

This species, everywhere abundant throughout the Indian region, is 
common in the rock pools of Yogashima, Enoshima, and elsewhere 
about Misaki and Shimoda. Many young specimens were taken. 
Similar adult examples from Formosa have been examined. Among 
these we tind none with the caudal lobes each marked with a dusky 
stripe as described in the form called calestinus. For this reason we 
have hesitated to place ca/estinus in the synonymy of sawatilis. It 1s 
probable, as Bleeker has noted, that this species, rather than the 


Erace eo. voli xxiv—0l——39 


610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


American one, is the original swxatilis of Linneeus. The American 
species differs from the Asiatic one in the arrangement of its bands, 
the fourth being before the soft dorsal instead of under it. It should 
stand as Glyphisodon marginatus (Bloch). The Hawaiian species, 
Glyphisodon abdominalis (Cuvier and Valenciennes), is nearer the 
American species. 
(sawatilis, pertaining to rocks). 
10. GLYPHISODON CURACAO (Bloch). 


Chetodon curacao Biocn, Ichthyol., p. 106, pl. coxu, fig. 1; Curagao, Caribbean 
Sea, by error. 
Glyphisodon curassao CuvreR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1830, p. 471. 
Glyphidodon smaragdinus Brevyoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 264, pl. v1, fig. 3; 

Riukiu (Okinawa). 

Glyphidodon  trifasciatus BLEEKER, Labr. Cten., p. 19; Amboyna, Ceram.— 
BuEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Pomac., pl. ccccx, fig. 3.—GtnrueEr, Cat. Fish., LV, 
1862, p. 42; Amboyna, Ceram.—B.eeKker, Holl. Maats. Vet., p. 105; Batu, 
Nias, Java, Celebes, Flores, Ternata, Ceram, Amboyna. 

“T). XIII, 12 or 13; A. II, 13 or 14; seales im Iateral lines27>3im 
transverse series 3+10. ; 

**The height of the body is three-fifths of the total length (the caudal 
fin not included); the snout is nearly as long as the eye; the preorbital 
has a distinct notch above the maxillary, and its greatest width is one- 
half that of the orbit. Incisors short, small, trenchant. The seventh 
and eighth dorsal spines are longer than the twelfth, which is.generally 
somewhat shorter than the last; the soft dorsal elevated; the caudal 
forked. 

‘*Greenish-olive, with three black cross-bands, which are ill-defined 
and formed by black spots on the cutaneous sheaths of the transparent 
scales; the first from the first five or six dorsal spines to the pectoral, 
the second from the ninth and twelfth dorsal spines to the vent, and 
the third between the soft dorsal and the anal.” (Giinther.) 

This species is placed in the list of Japanese fishes on the basis of 
the figure of a specimen from Riukiu, published by Brevoort, and 
by him named Glyphidodon smaragdinus. The name curagao must 
apparently be retained in spite of its erroneous geographical implication. 

(Curagao, Portuguese name of an island off the coast of Venezuela.) 


11. GLYPHISODON SORDIDUS (Forskal). 


AeA 


Chetodon sordidus Forsk&t, Deser. Anim., 1775, p. 62; Djidda, Red Sea. 

Glyphidodon sordidus Riprety, Atlas Reise Africa, Fische, 1828, p. 34, pl. vin, 
fig. 1; Mohila, Red Sea.—Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Poiss., V, 1830, p. 466; 
Macuer Island, Red Sea.—GiinrHer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 41; China, 
Mauritius, Red Sea.—Ktunzincer, Fische Rothen Meeres, p. 525; Red 
Sea.—Day, Fishes India, p. 385, pl. uxxxut, fig. 1.—BtreKer, Atlas Ichth. 
Pomac., p. 410, pl. x1, fig. 5; Holl. Maatsch. Vet., 1877, p. 96; Sumatra, 
Java, Cocos, Amboyna.—GinruHer, Fische der Sudsee, II, 1876, p. 231; 
Tahiti, Raiatea, Samoa, Solomon Islands.—Isaixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 31; 
Riukiu, 


No, 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 611 


Glyphisodon sordidus JorDAN and Snyper, Fishes of Formosa Ms.; Kotosho, 
Formosa. 

Glyphisodon gigas Lrgnarv, Dix, Rapp. Hist. Nat. Maur., p. 35; Mauritius. 

Glyphidodon notatus Day, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1869, p. 521; young. 


Head 2% in length; depth 1$; depth of caudal peduncle 5; eye 3 in 
head; snout 34; interorbital space 3; D. XIII, 16; A. II, 16; scales 
in lateral series 28; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 4; be- 
tween lateral line and insertion of anal 12. Body deep, greatly com- 
pressed, the caudal peduncle short; dorsal outline elevated, the highest 
point at, or a little posterior to, insertion of dorsal, the ventral con- 
tour more evenly rounded than the dorsal. Interorbital area convex. 
Snout short, the jaws equal, the maxillary extending to a point below 
anterior edge of orbit. Teeth ina single row, close set, compressed, 
the cutting edges finely serrated, brownish at the tips. Pseudo- 
branchie large; gill rakers on first arch 5+ 15, long and slender. 
Edges of suborbital and preopercle entire. Head and body covered 
with large weakly ctenoid scales, the snout naked, bases of fins with a 
sheath of scales, minute scales extending far outon membranes of fins. 
Lateral line incomplete, ending below middle of soft dorsal. Middle 
spines of dorsal highest, 2 in head; middle rays of dorsal and anal 
highest, 1¢in head. Caudal notched, the lobes equal. Ventrals reach- 
ing a little beyond insertion of anal, the first ray filamentous. Pec- 
torals rounded, 14 in head. 

Color, dark brown, becoming silvery toward the ventral parts; 5 
narrow vertical silvery bands crossing the body, the first extending 
from insertion of dorsal to axil of pectoral fin, the second passing 
downward from base of sixth spine, the third from base of ninth 
spine, the fourth from base of first ray, the fifth from middle of soft 
dorsal to posterior part of anal; a large dark blotch near middle of 
spinous dorsal, a black spot as large as pupil on upper part of base of 
pectoral, a conspicuous black spot as large as orbit on body below 
posterior part of base of soft dorsal. Each scale has a broad, dark, 
posterior border. In some specimens the second light band is absent, 
the dark parts uniting in a broad dark band, which extends upward on 
the spinous dorsal. 

The above description is of specimens about 45 millimeters long, 
from Misaki. 

A specimen about 200 millimeters long, from Honolulu, Hawaiian 
Islands, shows the following characters: head 3! in length; depth 13; 
depth of caudal peduncle 53; eye 43 in head; interorbital space 23; 
snout 24; D. XIII, 15; A. II, 15; scales 4-26-12. The maxillary does 
not extend to the orbit, reaching only to a point below the nostril. 
The denticulations on the cutting edges of the teeth can scarcely be 
recognized. The width of the suborbital is contained 2 times in the 
orbit. 

This species, common throughout India and Polynesia, is known in 


612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Japan from numerous young examples taken by us in the rock pools 
of Misaki and the neighboring points of Yogashima and Enoshima. 
These specimens agree with others from Formosa and Hawaii. The 
large black blotch behind the soft dorsal is always present. 

(sordidus, mean-looking.) 


Family Il. LABRID EK. 
THE WRASSE-FISHES. 


Body oblong or elongate, covered with cycloid scales; lateral line 
well developed, continuous or interrupted, often angularly bent. 
Mouth moderate, terminal; premaxillaries protractile; maxillaries 
without supplemental bone, slipping under membranaceous edge of the 
preorbital; anterior teeth in the jaws usually very strong and canine- 
like; teeth of the jaws separate or soldered together at base, not form- 
ing a continuous plate; no teeth on vomer or palatines; lower pharyn- 
geals completely united into one bone, without median suture, this 
bone T-shaped or Y-shaped, its teeth conical or tubercular. Lips thick, 
longitudinally plicate. Nostrils round, with 2 openings on each side. 
Dorsal fin continuous, the spinous portion usually long, its spines 
rather slender, 3 to 20 in number, anal similar to soft dorsal, with 2 to 
6 spines. Ventrals thoracic I, 5, inserted below the pectorals or 
slightly in advance of them. Branchiostegals 5 or 6; pseudobranchie 
well developed; gills 33, the slit behind the last arch small or obsolete; 
gill membranes somewhat connected, sometimes joined to the narrow 
isthmus. Air bladder present; no pyloric ceca. Species chiefly of 
the tropical seas, living among rocks, coral reefs, or kelp. Many of 
them are brilliantly colored, and some are valued as food fish. Most 


of them feed upon mollusks, the dentition being adapted for crushing 
shells. 


a. Dorsal spines 8 to 13 in number, anal spines 2 or 3; vertebree less than 30 in num- 
ber; species of tropical or subtropical seas. 
b. Lateral line continuous, bent abruptly posteriorly, but not interrupted. 
c. Bodianine. Dorsal spines 12 or 18. Cheeks and opercles more or less scaly; 
preopercle usually with fine serrature. 
d. Dorsal rays XIII, 7; lateral teeth of jaws more or less confluent into a 
blunt edged bony ridge; preorbital very high; posterior canine tooth 
present; base of dorsal with a scaly sheath -........---.----- Cherops, 6. 
dd. Dorsal rays usually XII, 10. 
e. Posterior canine present; base of dorsal with a scaly sheath; soft dorsal 
and anal not faleate; scales in lateral line 30 to 40. 
jf. Lateral teeth in jaws in one series; close set or confluent, forming a 


serrated edges sce. .fsot) artes ee eee ee eee Lepidaplois, 7. 
jf. Lateral teeth in jaws of two series, the inner close set or confluent, the 
outer conicaluand canine-lkese shee] eee ae eee eee Verreo, 8. 


ee. Posterior canine wanting; base of dorsal and anal without scaly sheath; 
dorsal and anal not falcate; scales in lateral line 45 to 50. 
Semicossyphus, 9. 


~~ 


no.1266. DABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 613 


ec. Thalassomine. Dorsal spines 8 or 9. 

g. Preopercle serrate; cheeks and opercles with large scales; posterior 
canine present; dorsal fin with a scaly sheath; anterior dorsal 
spines elevated, filamentous in the males; scales large, about 20 
Pepa rer ity Spe 8 Oks 2 ae a i i oe ee ees Duymeria, 10. 

gg. Preopercle entire. 

h. Opercles with large scales; cheeks with imbricate scales; lips mod- 
erate; base of dorsal without scaly sheath... -.- Pseudolabrus, 11. 

hh. Opercles scaleless, or with a few small scales only. 
i. Body oblong, not cylindrical, the depth more than one-fifth the 

length; opercles sealeless. 
j. Dorsal spines 9. 

k. Anterior canines prominent, turned forward with a cutting 
edge; no posterior canine. Scales moderate or large (20 to 

BUN Petey ee ere ee Nee Rees 28 OE ns Anampses, 12. 

kk. Anterior canines not turned forward to form a lateral cut- 
ting edge. 
1. Scales large, 25 to 30 in lateral line. 

m. Seales of breast as large as those of rest of body, oreven 
larger; posterior canine normally present; canines of 
upper jaw very short, close set, forming a terminal 
cutting edge; lower teeth similar, but longer; mouth 


small; dorsal spines short, pungent. ---Stethojulis, 13. 
mm. Scales on thoracic region not enlarged; anterior canines 
normal. 


n. Lips very thick, with folds, the lower pendant like 
chicken’s wattles; cheeks with small scales be- 
Noy (ees 2S ae eee een eee Hemigymnus, 14. 

nn. Lips not enlarged. 

o. Cheeks with two rows of small scales behind eye. 
Giintheria, 15. 
oo. Cheeks entirely scaleless; no sheath of scales at 


baSexOrsd Oneal eee eee eee Halicheres, 16. 

ll. Scales rather small, 50 to 80 in lateral line. 
p. Posterior canines obsolete ...----...--- Coris, 17. 
pp. Posterior canines present ............- Julis, 18. 


ui. Body elongate, subcylindrical, covered with rather small scales; 
opercle with a row of small scales; no posterior canine. 
Cheilio, 19. 
jj. Dorsal spines 8; no scales on head; no posterior canine 
tooth; dorsal with a low sheath of scales; scales large. 


g. Snout short, not tubiform...-_.. Thalassoma, 20. 
qq. Snout much produced, forming a tube, the 
JEW Shalit (en Cees tee Gomphosus, 21. 


bb. Xyrichthyine. Lateral line interrupted behind, the anterior part following the 
line of the back, the posterior part median on caudal peduncle. 
r. Dorsal spines 11; preopercle serrate; cheeks 
and opercles with scales; no posterior 
Canimesh tee. tas ee Cirrhilabrus, 22. 
rr. Dorsal spines 9 (rarely 10); preopercle entire; 
no posterior canines. 
s. Cheeks and opercles covered with large 
scales; forehead not trenchant; lips full. 
Cheilinus, 23. 


614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXIV. 


ss. Cheeks scaleless or nearly so; opercles 
scaleless; anterior profile of head more 
or less convex. 

t. First two dorsal spines detached from the 
others, forming a separate fin on the 
occiput; anterior profile trenchant, its 
curve parabolic; no scales on head. 

Iniistius, 24. 


6. CHG ROPS Ruppell. 


Cherops Risppett, Verz. Mus. Senckenberg Fische, 1852, p. 20 (meleagris = 
macrodon). 

Choirodon BLEEKER, Beitr. Gen. Topogr. Bat., about 1856, p. 513 (macrodon), name 
preoccupied. 

Cossyphodes BLeEKER, Verh. Bat. Gen. Labr., XX, about 1861, p. 10 (macrodon). 

Hypsigenys GintHer, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861, VIII, p. 383 (macrodon). 


Body compressed, oblong, covered with large scales; about 30 in 
the lateral line; snout obtuse; cheeks high, with very small scales 
which are generally not imbricate; operculum scaly; preopercle 
slightly serrate; forehead developing a fatty hump with age. Each 
jaw anteriorly with four strong canine teeth, the lateral teeth being 
more or less confluent into an obtuse osseous ridge; posterior canine 
present, at least in the adult. Dorsal rays XIII, 7; anal III, 9; soft 
fins not elevated; caudal subtruncate. Lateral line not interrupted. 

Large fishes of the western Pacific, not crossing to Hawaii or to 
America. 

(votpos, hog; 7), appearance.) 


a. Seales about 24; body red, with blue spots on the scales and a broad oblique 


band:of pink on:the sides anteriorly, 222 95.24 -4--490 556 442-5 azurio, 12. 
aa. Seales about 30; body with about 4 dark cross bands; a white band on back of 
caudal pedunclé2 = 27sec anchorago, 13. 


12. CHGEROPS AZURIO Jordan and Snyder. 


KANDAI (WINTER PERCH). 


Labrus japonicus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 99; Japan. 
Coll. Langsdorff.—ScHLeGe., Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 163, pl. LXxxv; 
Nagasaki (not Labrus japonicus Houttuyn). 

Cossyphus japonicus BLEEKER, Verh. Bat. Gen. Japan, 1852, pp. 16 and 114; 
Nagasaki. 

Cherops japonicus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., [V, 1862, p. 96; China.—SrerInDACHNER, 
Fishe Japans., IV, 1887, p. 20; Tokyo, Nagasaki.—Isnrkawa, Prel. Cat., 
1893, p. 30; Misaki, Kagoshima, Ogosahara (Bonin Islands).—JorpaNn and 
Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 86; Yokohama. 

Cherops azurio JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1901, p. 747, after 
Schlegel, substitute for japonicus preoecupied.—JoRDAN and Snyper, Fishes 
of Formosa MS.; Formosa. 


Head 34 in length; depth 3; depth of caudal peduncle 7; eye 45 in 
head; interorbital space 3; snout 22; D. XIII, 7; A. ILI, 10; scales in 


no.1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 615 


lateral series 24; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 3; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 8. 

Body rather elongate, compressed, the dorsal profile rising rapidly 
and evenly from snout to a point above posterior part of eye, where it 
rather abruptly bends backward and slightly upward to near middle of 
spinous dorsal, then downward to caudal peduncle, the greatest dorsal 
elevation being nearly attained at occiput; ventral contour evenly 
curved from chin to caudal peduncle. Snout long, the jaws equal; pre- 
orbital very broad, 1} times diameter of eye; interorbital area broad, 
notably convex; eye small, located midway between tip of snout and 
posterior edge of opercle. Teeth in 2 series; an inner row, which in the 
lower jaw has the teeth anteriorly coalesced into a narrow flat-edged 
ridge, laterally and posteriorly they are less closely united, making the 
ridge strongly serrated; in the upper jaw the inner ridge is unbroken 
laterally except by 2 rather strong canines in posterior part of jaw; 
an outer series, represented in the upper jaw by 4 strong canines, the 
middle ones much the larger; lower jaw with 4 canines of about equal 
size, embedded close together, the lateral ones curving outward. 
Pseudobranchiz well developed, gill rakers on first arch 6+9, short, 
pointed. Posterior edge of preopercle very finely serrated; opercle 
with a soft flap slightly wider than diameter of pupil. Scales of 
body large, the dorsal and anal fins with a narrow sheath along the 
base; large scales extending over basal half of caudal; scales on 
opercle and subopercle large, on cheeks very small; preopercle with 
a broad naked edge. Lateral line continuous, bending rather abruptly 
to follow contour at base of soft dorsal fin. Posterior spines of dorsal 
highest, 22 in head, the edge of the fin notched, the membrane pro- 
jecting above the spines; third anal spine strongest, its length con- 
tained 3 in head, the length of the first contained about twice in the 
third; rays of dorsal and anal of equat height, the longest or posterior 
ones 23 in head. Caudal truncate or slightly convex, its length 14 in 
head. Upper rays of pectoral longest, the others gradually shorter; 
the lower posterior edge of fin rounded. Ventrals extending to the 
anal opening. 

Color in life, head and body pinkish brown; an oblique transverse 
band of dull olive green extending from axil of pectoral fin to bases of 
eighth and ninth dorsal spines, this followed by a broad band of clear 
pink, bordered posteriorly by an indistinct brownish band; scales on 
posterior part of body each with a vertical band of light clear blue; 
cheeks flesh color, lips blue, iris yellow, with blue lines above and 
below; dorsal and anal fins golden brown, with 2 blue stripes; caudal 
dull olive, with blue corners above and below; pectorals pink, the 
base golden; ventral spines clear blue, the rays golden. In spirits the 
bright colors disappear, leaving a broad pinkish yellow oblique band 
on body, bordeved by darker color. The posterior scales each have ¢ 
small bluish spot. 


616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


This large and handsome fish is generally common in the bays of 
Japan from Tokyo southward. We have specimens from Tokyo, 
Misaki, Wakanoura, Kobe, Hakata, Nagasaki, and Formosa. 

(azureus, azure blue.) 


13. CHCEROPS ANCHORAGO (Bloch). . 


Sparus anchorago Buocu, Ichthyologia, V, p. 108, pl. ccLxxv1, about 1785 (from 
a tank from Holland).—Scuneiper, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 276; no locality. 

Cossyphus anchorago TroscHeL, Wiegmann’s Archiy., 1840, p. 279. 

Cherops anchorago GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 1V, 1862, p. 95; Amboyna.—BLEEKER, 
Poissons du Japon, 1879, p. 5; Japan. 

D. XIII, 7; A. Il, 9; L. lat. 30. A posterior canine tooth, absent 
in young specimens. Preopercle serrated. Head nearly as high as 
long. Scales on preopercle small, numerous, imbricate. Body with 
4 dark, broad cross-bands, the middle of which are sometimes conflu- 
ent; a white cross-band on the back of tail, behind the dorsal; sides of 
the head with yellow dots; base of the pectoral brown; dorsal with 
two dark longitudinal lines; the other fins yellowish. (Giinther.) 

We have not seen this species, and record it on the identification of 
Dr. Ishikawa. Dr. Peters regards Chwrops macrodonta Lacépede as 
a synonym of Ch. anchorago, but the reason for this view is not evi- 
dent. 

(anchorago, *‘anchor-tooth,” an old name of the hook-jawed male 
salmon. ) 


7. LEPIDAPLOIS Gill. 


Lepidaplois! Git Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 140 (avillaris). 


Body compressed, oblong, covered with large scales, 30 to 35 in the 
lateral line. Snout pointed; mouth large, the lateral teeth in both 
jaws in asingle series coalescent at base; four canine teeth in front 
and a posterior canine tooth; cheeks and opercles with imbricated 
scales; dorsal and anal scaly at base; lateral line not interrupted; pre- 
opercle usually finely serrated; soft dorsal and anal not falcate ante- 
riorly; caudal fin lunate. Dorsal rays usually XII, 10. Anal rays 
Il], 12. Tropical parts of the western Pacific from Hawaii through 
Polynesia to Japan and Africa. 

(Aeris, scale; az)ois, a simple cloak, in allusion to the scaly fins.) 

a. Color red, orange posteriorly, a large black axillary spot, a large black spot on 

spinous dorsal, one on spinous dorsal and one on anal; scales 26... azillaris, 15. 
aa. Color red, with many yellow spots anteriorly; a yellow ‘cross bar on side of 
back. posterior parts: dusky scales; 27a os= ese eae ee perditio, 16. 


1The genus Diastodon Bowdich, Excursion to Madeira, 1825, p. 238 (speciosus= 
scrofa Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837) must be different from Lepidaplois, having 
much smaller scales (about 50). The form of the dorsal is not indicated. 


no. 1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 617 


14. LEPIDAPLOIS AXILLARIS (Bennett). 


Labrus axillaris Bennerr, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., I, 1831, p. 166; New Hebrides. 

Cossyphus axillaris Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 1837, 
p. 103, pl. ccctxx1; Ile de France, Ulea.—GtnrueEr, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, 
p. 103; Mauritius, Madagascar, Aneitum.—Day, Fishes of India, 1885, 
p. 392 (with plate of Cossyphus neilli, apparently a different species having 
no dark spots).—Gitnruer, Fische der Std-See, II, p. 239; Red Sea, Mauri- 
tius, Madagascar, New Hebrides, Society Islands, Paumotu, Otaheite. 


Head 32 in length; depth 3; depth of caudal peduncle 5%; eye 4$ 
in head; interorbital space 33; snout 23; D. XII, 10; A. III, 12; 
scales in lateral series 26; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 
4; between lateral line and insertion of anal 10. 

Body elongate; caudal peduncle deep, compressed; head pointed; the 
snout long and sharp. Eye midway between tip of snout and border 
of opercle. Mouth large. Teeth ina single series, laterally coalesced 
at their bases, becoming entirely so anteriorly, where they are repre- 
' sented by flat plates; an outer series of 4 fangs on the tip of each jaw, 
the lateral ones of which are curved outward; 2 strong fangs projecting 
forward from the posterior part of each side of upper jaw. Pseudo- 
branchie large; gill-rakers on first arch 4-++8, short, pointed. Posterior 
border of preopercle finely serrated. Scales extending as a basal sheath 
on dorsal, anal, and caudal fins; scales of cheek in 7 rows between eye 
and angle of preopercle; no naked space along edge of opercle; scales 
of head not elongate. Lateral line rather gently curved to follow con- 
tour of body below base of soft dorsal. Longest dorsal spine, 2¢ in 
head; longest ray, 1%; third anal spine, 13; longest or first ray, 14. 
Caudal truncate, 1} in head; pectoral, 12; ventral, 13, not reaching anal 
opening. 

Color, in alcohol, dull brownish olive, a large brownish black spot 
on base of pectoral, both before and behind, a similar spot on upper 
anterior part of spinous dorsal, on upper anterior part of soft dorsal, 
and in the same place on anal, the latter somewhat the larger; a trace 
of lemon yellow on soft dorsal and anal; ventrals with rows of small 
dark spots. 

Color in life, according to Giinther, brick-red on anterior third 
above the ventral surface, pink on the middle third, and orange pos- 
teriorly; the boundary between the red and pink oblique, between the 
pink and orange vertical; anterior ventral surface greenish; spinous 
dorsal pinkish, soft dorsal yellow, ventrals and anal greenish yellow, 
the former spotted with blue; the black spots as described above. 

This species is known to us from a specimen 170 millimeters long, 
received from Nafa, Okinawa Island, in the Riukiu archipelago. 

(axillaris, pertaining to the axil.) 


618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


15. LEPIDAPLOIS PERDITIO (Quoy and Gaimard). 


Labrus perditio Quoy and GAIMARD, Voy. Astrolabe, 1834, p. 702, pl. xx, fig. 4; 
‘obtained on dangerous reefs in the Pacific.”’ 

Cossyphus perditio CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 125 
(after Quoy and Gaimard). 

Cossyphus atrolumbus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, XIII, 18387, p. 123; Ile de 
France.—GtnrTHer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 105; Mauritius, Minerva Reef, 
Saumarey Reefs, Aneitum. 


Head 33 in length; depth 23; depth of caudal peduncle 6; eye 5$ 
in head; interorbital space 34; snout 23; D. XII, 10; A. ILI, 12; 
scales in lateral series 27; between lateral line and insertion of dor- 
sal 5; between lateral line and insertion of anal 13. 

Body rather heavy and thick, the dorsal and ventral outlines pretty 


we t 
Pe 


WS NED: 


FIG. 2.—LEPIDAPLOIS PERDITIO. 
es 


evenly rounded except above occiput, where there is a slight elevation; 
head bluntly pointed. Jaws equal. Teeth in 2 series on anterior part 
of jaws, ina single series laterally; the inner series of upper jaw coa- 
lesced into a sharp, slightly serrated ridge; in the lower jaw the teeth 
are coalesced at the bases, the tips being quite prominent laterally; 
outer series represented by 4 strong canines of equal size in upper jaw; 
by 4, the inner 2 of which are small and close together, in the lower 
jaw. Edge of preopercle smooth or slightly serrated. Gill rakers on 
first arch 6+-11, short, pointed; pseudobranchiz very large. Soft dor- 
sal, anal, and caudal with a basal sheath of scales; interorbital space, 
snout and lower jaw naked, 9 series of scales on cheek, a narrow naked 
space along edge of preopercle. Membrane of dorsal incised almost to 
bases of spines, the membrane covering each spine thickened and pro- 
jecting some distance beyond tip of spine; anterior spines longest, 42 
in head, longest rays, 24, third anal spine 3. Caudal truncate, the 
uppermost and lowermost rays forming a faleate projection, the upper 
rays 1} in head. -Ventral rays almost reaching first anal spine. Pee- 
torals 14 in head. 


no.1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 619 


In spirits the head is covered with small light spots; there is an 
elongate yellowish blotch on body above tip of pectoral, the scales on 
posterior half of body are edged with brownish black, the membrane 
of spinous dorsal is black anteriorly, the anal fin has a dark band near 
its border. 

Here described from a specimen 330 millimeters long from Waka- 
noura. 

Color in life, bright copper red, occasionally greenish red, brighter 
in front, becoming suffused with dark orange, then with violet on the 
posterior parts; head freckled with yellow spots, iris red, chin and | 
breast bright yellow, a yellowish white vertical band, bordered poste- 
riorly by black, on body above tip of pectoral; spinous dorsal bluish 
black, soft dorsal golden, scarlet at base; anal golden, red at base, 
tipped with blackish; caudal bright yellow; pectoral pinkish with dark 
shades along the rays; ventral similar, though darker. 

This species is known to us from four large examples beautifully 
colored, obtained by us from live boxes at Seikasaki, near Wakanoura, 
in Kii. 

The species is doubtless identical with the one poorly described under 
the names of perditio and atrolumbus. The yellow cross-bar and the 
yellow spots on the head are very characteristic. 

(perditio, loss; the fish was described and painted by Quoy during 
a storm and in imminent danger of shipwreck.) 


8. VERREO Jordan and Snyder, new genus. 
Verreo JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (oxycephalus) . 


This genus differs from Leprdaplois in having the teeth in 2 series, 
the outer ones canine-like, growing smaller posteriorly, the inner ones 
coalesced into a narrow, blunt-edged plate; a large straight posterior 
canine projecting forward from hinder part of upper jaw. Large 
fishes, similar in appearance to Lepidaplois. 

(verres, a young boar.) 

16. VERREO OXYCEPHALUS (Bleeker). 
KITSUNEDAI (FOX PERCH). 
Cossyphusoxycephalus BLEEKER, Ichth. Notices, 1862, p. 7. (Specimenin Museum 
of Leyden, supposed to be from Japan. )—GtnrHer, Cat. Fish., [V, 1862, 
p. 109; Australia. 
? Cossyphus unimaculatus MactEay, Fishes of Australia, 1881, p. 77; Port Jackson. 
Cossyphus unimaculatus STEINDACHNER and D6DERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, 
p. 15; Tokyo.—Isuikawa, Prel. Cat., 1893, p. 30; Tokyo, perhaps not of 
Gunther. 
Diastodon unimaculatus JoRDAN and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 87; Yokohama. 


Head 2,°; in length; depth 24; depth of caudal peduncle 73; eye 53 
in head; interorbital space 44; snout 23; D. XII, 11; A. LI, 12; 
scales in lateral series 34; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 
5: between lateral line and insertion of anal 12. 


620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ‘VOL. XXIV. | 


Snout long and sharp, preorbital broad, intercrbital space slightly 
convex; eye large, midway between tip of snout and posterior edge of 
opercle. Outer series of teeth canine-like, larger anteriorly; a strong 
canine projecting forward from back part of upper jaw; inner series of 
teeth coalesced into a narrow blunt-edged plate. _Pseudobranchie large; 
gill rakers on first arch 4+-8, short, pointed. Preopercle finely serrated 
posteriorly. Dorsal with a sheath of scales posteriorly, anal and 
caudal with narrow sheaths; scales of head imbricate, those on occi- 
put, cheeks, and on subopercle small, the latter elongate, those of 
opercle large; scales on cheek in about 7 series, counting downward 
from eye; snout, interorbital space, chin, and a space along edge 
of preopercle naked. Lateral line complete, evenly curved to caudal 
peduncle. Membrane of spinous dorsal deeply incised, the last spine 
longest, 24 in head, the seventh ray longest, 24+ in head. Anal spines 
strong, the second heaviest, the third longest, 23 in head. Caudal 


SS 
oe 


aN 

‘ RY) ~ 
ON 2 eee 
8 / CX) PSS y. ss 
BeSoo LORY é oe ae 


Fic, 3.—VERREO OXYCEPHALUS. 


concave, the upper rays slightly longer than the lower, 14 in head. 
Ventrals not quite reaching anal opening. Pectorals 14 in head. 

Color said to be red in life; a large black spot on dorsal in region 
of seventh, eighth, and ninth spines; posterior part of pectoral bleck, 
the dark color passing over to the upper side and extending down- 
ward along the base of the fin; each side with 3 or 4 white spots, per- 
haps pinkish in life; a small one under the fifth dorsal spine; a larger 
one under last dorsal spines; another large one under front of soft 
dorsal, and a smaller one below and behind it, below the lateral line. 

This species is known in Japan from four specimens obtained in 
the markets of Tokyo, one by Dr. Déderlein, and the others by Pro- 
fessor Otaki. From specimens sent by Otaki to the Museum of 
Stanford University our description and figure are taken. 

It is close to the Verreo unimaculatus Giiuther, the common *‘ Pig- 
fish” of Australia, but it may differ in the presence of white spots 


NO. 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 621 


and possibly in the larger scales. If the two species are identical, as 
Giinther has supposed, the name proposed by Bleeker, in an article 
quoted by Giinther in the appendix to his own volume, is probably 
the earlier. At any rate, its type is Japanese. 

(ofvs, sharp; Kedadn, head.) 


9) SEMICOSSYPHUS Gunther: 
Semicossyphus Gintuer, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 384 (reticulatus). 


Body compressed, oblong, with rather small scales; about 50 in the 
lateral line; head longer than high. Scales on the cheeks and opercles; 
base of the vertical fins and limbs of the preoperculum not scaly; 
preopercle serrulate; lateral line not interrupted; 4 canine teeth in 
each jaw anteriorly; no posterior canine tooth; an obtuse osseous 
ridge round the edges of the jaw, without distinct lateral teeth. Adult 
specimens with a large hump of fat on the forehead. Dorsal rays XII, 
10; Anal rays III, 12. Soft caudal, slightly concave. Speciesof large 
size found only along the coasts of Japan. From the Californian genus, 
Pimelometopon, Semicossyphus differs in the absence of the posterior 
canine tooth. 

(semi = half; Cossyphus, a related genus, a synonym of Bodianus 


or Harpe.) 


177 SEMICOSSYPHUS RETICULATUS! (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


KOBUDAT. 


Cossyphus reticulatus CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1839, p. 159; 
Japan, Coll. Langsdorff.—Ricuarpson, Ichth. Chin., 1846, p. 255; Canton.— 
BLeEKER, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Nederl., VI, Japan, VI, p. 72; Nagasaki. 

Labrus reticulatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poissons, 1846, p. 161, pls. Lxxx1n, 
LXXXIId, LXXxiIv; Nagasaki. 

Semicossyphus reticulatus GiNTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1864, p. 99, after Schlegel.— 
STEINDACHNER and D6prERLEIN, Fische Japana, IV, 1887, p. 14; Tokyo.— 
IsHikAwa, Prel. Cat., 1898, p. 30; Tokyo.—Jorpan and Snyper, Check List, 
p. 87; Tokyo. 

Semicossyphus robecchit SrEINDACHNER and D6DERLEIN, Fische Japana, IV, 1887, 
p- 15; Yokohama, young.—Jorpawn and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 87; 
Yokohama. 


Head 3 in length; depth 3; depth of caudal peduncle 63; eye 7 in 
head; interorbital space 3; snout 24; scales in lateral series 37; in 
series between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 7; between lateral 
line and insertion of anal 16. Dorsal rays XII, 10; Anal rays II], 12. 


1 Labrus microlepidotus Bloch, Ichthyologia, pl. ccxcu, 1785, from unknown 
locality = Cossyphus microlepidotus Cuvier and Valenciennes, XIII, p. 140, may be 
identical with Semicossyphus reticulatus, but seems rather more likely a true Labrus, as 
Labrus merula, having the dorsal rays XVII, 138, the anal III, 10, the fins small, and 
the coloration nearly uniform. 


\ 


622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Body thick-set, elongate, the caudal peduncle deep; head witha hump, 
smallon younger specimens, increasing greatly with age, on the anterior 
partof interorbitalspace. Snoutsharp, jawsequal. Teethin twoseries, 
those of the inner jaw coalesced to form a narrow sharp-edged ridge in 
each jaw, the ridge smooth in the upper jaw, strongly serrated in the 
lower; the outer row represented by 4 strong, fang-like teeth above 
and below, the inner ones of the upper jaw larger than the outer, the 
reverse being the case in the lower jaw. Pseudobranchix large; gill- 
rakers short, blunt, 6-+- 10 on first arch. Posterior edge of preopercle 
very finely serrated. Scales not extending on bases of dorsal and anal 
fins; scales of head very small, 6 or 7 rows on cheek, the interorbital 
area, snout, chin, and a narrow space along edge of preopercle naked. 
Lateral line complete, evenly curved, there being no abrupt bend 
below base of soft dorsal. Dorsal spines low, the longest 3 in head, 
the membranes deeply incised, the thickened portion around each 
spine extending a short distance above point of spine; seventh ray 


Fig. 4.—SEMICOSSYPHUS RETICULATUS (very young). 


longest, about 2 in head. Second anal spine 5% in head, longest anal 
ray 24. Pectoral 13 in head; ventral 14, reaching but little over half 
way from its base to the vent. 

In spirits the scales each have a dusky vertical band near the base 
which shows through the overlying scale; soft dorsal, anal and caudal 
mostly black; ventrals and axil of pectoral dusky; a narrow light 
band extends along the side of body. In life, crimson reddish, the 
young with a whitish or pink lateral stripe, the dark spots as above 
described. 

The above description is of a specimen 250 millimeters long from 
Wakanoura. 

With increasing age the black spots of the fins almost entirely dis- 
appear, the hump on the interorbital region assumes large proportions, 
in one specimen being about 300 millimeters above the skull, the lat- 
eral teeth of each jaw become more distinct and prominent, the serra- 
tions of the preopercle disappear, while the narrow pink lateral stripe 


; 


No. 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 623 


vanishes entirely. A specimen about 500 millimeters long from Tokyo 
shows the following characters: Head 3} in length; depth 2,°5; depth 
of caudal peduncle 64; eye 7 in head; snout 24; interorbital space 25. 

This species, which reaches a large size, is occasionally taken in the 
bays of southern Japan. We found it occasionally in the markets of 
Tokyo, and also at Misaki, Wakanoura, Onomichi, and Hakata. 
Specimens corresponding to the description of Semicossyphus robecchii 
were obtained at Tokyo and Onomichi. These have the soft dorsal 
and anal chiefly black, and a conspicuous whitish or rather pink stripe 
along the side. These are apparently the young of S. reticulatus, 
which becomes plain dull crimson with age. Still younger specimens 
have the pale lateral stripe and black fin spots still more distinct. We 
figure one of these from Wakanoura. 

(reticulatus, netted.) 


10> DW YNME4RLA Bleeker: 


Duymexria BuEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., I, 1856, Amboyna, p. 52 
(aurigaria). 
Labrastrum GuicHENot, Rey. Zool., 1860, p. 152, ( flagellifera) . 


Body oblong, rather deep, compressed, covered with very large 
scales, 20 to 25 in the lateral line; lateral line continuous; cheeks and 
opercles with large imbricated :scales; preopercle serrated. Teeth 
uniserial on sides of jaw; 4 strong canines in each jaw; posterior 
canines present; dorsal fin with a narrow scaly sheath; anterior dorsal 
spines rather high; sometimes filamentous; soft dorsal not faleate; 
caudal rounded. Dorsal rays, TX, 11. Anal rays, III, 9. Species of 
rather small size, brightly colored, the sexes unlike, East Indies, north 
to Japan. 

(Named for A. J. Duymer van Twist, once governor of the Dutch 
East Indies.) 


18. DUYMZERIA FLAGELLIFERA (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


OHAGUROBERA (TOOTH-BLACK BERA)!; GONBEKUSABI (RUSTIC 
WEDGE-FISH); MOROKO SHIBERA (CHINESE BERA). 


Ctenolabrus flagellifer Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 1837, 
p. 240; no locality (male).—Scuiecer, Fauna Japonica Poiss., p. 166, pl. 
Lecevl, fig. 2, 1846; Nagasaki. 

Duymeria flagellifera BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo. Nederl., Amboyna, I, 1856, 
p. 53.—GtnrHer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 121 (after Schlegel).—IsHikawa, 
Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 29; Boshu, Tokyo.—Jorpan and Scunemper, Fishes of 
Formosa, Ms.; Formosa. 

Crenilabrus aurigarius RicHarpson, Voyage of the Sulphur, Fishes, 1844, p. 90, 
pl. xty, figs. 1, 2; Canton, male. 


'The name Bera is applied by the Japanese to all Labroid fishes. Ohaguro, is the 
black ink-like dye used by peasant women in staining their teeth, 


= 


624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Duymeria aurigaria BureKer, Act. Soe. Sci. Indo. Nederl., I, Amboyna, 1865, 
p. 53.—GinrHer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 121; Canton.—Karour, Prodr. 
Pise. Asia, Orient, 1882, p. 28; Canton, Nagasaki. 

Crenilabrus rubellio RicHarpson, Voyage of the Sulphur, Fishes, 1844, p. 93, pl. 
XLy, fig. 3; Canton, younger male. . 

2? Duymeria amboinensis BLEEKER, Act. Soe. Sci. Indo. Nederl., I, 1856, Amboyna, 
p. 53; Amboyna (female); Atlas Ichth., p. 78, pl. xxi, fig. 7; Amboyna. 

Crenilabrus spilogaster BLEEKER, Japan, p. 416; Verh. Bat. Gens., XX VI, Nalez, 
Japan, 1852, p. 113, pl. vu, fig. 2; Nagasaki, female. 

Duymeria spilogaster BurrKer, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo. Ned., Amboyna, I, 1856, p. 
54.—Ginruer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 122, after Bleeker.—Karout, Prodr. 
Pisc. Asia, Orient, 1882, p. 28; Yokohama.—Isurkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p- 
29; Boshu, Sagami. 

Duymeria japonica BureKer, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo. Ned., Amboyna, I, 1856, p. 93; 
Nagasaki, after Schlegel (male).—SrempacHNer and D6pERLEIN, Fische 
Japans, IV, 1887, p. 17; Tokyo.—Jorpan and Snyper, Check List, 1801, 
p- 87; Yokohama. 


Head 34 in length; depth 24; depth of caudal peduncle 63; eye 5} 
in head; snout 24; interorbital space 34. Dorsal rays LX, 11; Anal 
rays III, 9; scales in lateral series 22; between lateral line and inser- 
tion of dorsal 2; between lateral line and insertion of anal 6; scales on 
cheek in 2 rows. 

Body rather short, compressed, elevated; a slight depression in con- 
tour above eye; head large, snout bluntly pointed, the jaws equal; 
interorbital area decidedly convex. Teeth in a single series laterally, 
a double series on anterior part of jaws; inner series with the teeth 
coalesced at base, the tips separate on sides of jaws; a canine in poste- 
rior part of upper jaw; outer series of 4 widely separated canines in 
each jaw, those above widely separated; below, closely apposed. 
Pseudobranchiz large; gill-rakers on first arch very short and stumpy. 
Preopercle finely serrated posteriorly, a small flap on the angle. 
Scales large; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal there is one 
large scale and a much smaller, triangular one; interorbital space, 
snout, chin, and a narrow area along edge of preopercle naked. 
Lateral line abruptly bent downward below base of dorsal fin; in some 
specimens rather evenly curved, or occasionally incomplete, and one 
or two scales below the soft dorsal without pores. Membrane of 
spinous dorsal not deeply incised between the spines, the thickened 
portion around each spine extending upward beyond the tip, forming 
in the male a long filament on the first and second spines, its height 
equal to length of head; the longest rays 1? in head. Second spine 4 
in head, longest ray 14. Caudal rounded, 1,4; in head. Pectorals 
rounded, 13 in head. Ventrals extending to vent. 

Described from a male specimen about 200 millimeters long, col- 
lected in Tokyo. 

Color of male in alcohol, brownish, scales edged with light color; 
cheeks and opercles with narrow light-colored reticulations; dorsal 


wo.1266. DABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 625 


blackish with small spots and reticulations of greenish white; anal and 
caudal blackish; pectoral light. Female of a yellowish or brownish 
tint with a tinge of greenish, the scales with a light border, each scale 
of breast and belly with a small indigo-colored spot, a dash of the 
same color on the posterior part of opercle; dorsal, anal,and caudal 
greenish, mottled with dusky; ventrals tipped with dusky; anterior 
dorsal spines little produced, much lower than in the male. 

This species is common throughout southern Japan in sandy bays, 
and is frequently seen in the markets. The male is very brightly 
colored in life, deep blue with markings of old gold, while the female 
has the dorsal fin lower, is paler, and is marked with indigo-blue spots. 
Ample dissections have shown that the nominal species sp7logaster is 
the female of flagellifera, six male and four female specimens having 
been examined. Our specimens are from Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, 
Kobe, Nagasaki, and Formosa. 

(flagellum, whip; fero, to bear, from the produced dorsal spines of 
the male.) 


iW Pe UDOLABRUS- Bleeker. 


Pseudolabrus BLEEKER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 413 (rubiginosus=japon- 
icus). 

Body compressed, oblong, covered with large scales, 25 to 30 in the 
lateral line; snout pointed; forehead without fatty hump; opercles 
scaly; cheeks with several rows of scales; dorsal fin not scaly at base; 
lateral line not interrupted; preopercle entire. Teeth in one series in 
the jaws; posterior canine present; lower pharyngeal teeth in more 
than one series. Fins low, the caudal subtruncate; fin rays D. TX, 10; 
A. II], 10. Size rather small. 

Western Pacific, the species rather numerous. 

The genus is not related to Labrichthys (cyanotenia) with which 
genus it has been associated. 

(beddons, false; Labrus.) 


a. Scales on cheek in four rows; depth in adult about 23 in length; body reddish 
with several narrow olive-green stripes, most conspicuous on the head; male 
and sometimes female, also with two rows of pink spots below the dorsal; dor- 
Salen wath Diack spots or blotches. 2.22 egos Sek BSL Se ke japonicus, 19. 

ad. Scales on cheek in three rows; body slender; depth in adult 4 in length; color 

olivaceous, reddish below; a small dark spot on caudal peduncle, no olive stripe 
SUE a (Uae Seer Sere Ren ele ete Cink wea NB So Oe gracilis, 20. 


19. PSEUDOLABRUS JAPONICUS (Houttuyn). 
SASANOHA (BAMBOO LEAF); BERA. 


Labrus japonicus Hourruyn, Beschryyning Einige Japansche Visschen, 1782, p. 
311 et seq.; Nagasaki (female), description incomplete. 

Labrus rubiginosus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 165, pl. LXxxvI, 
fig. 1; Nagasaki, male; not Julis rubiginosus RicHARpDsoN, 1843, also appar- 
ently a Pseudolabrus. 


Proce. voly <xiv—0l——40 


626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Labrichthys rubiginosa GixtHeR, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 114; China, Japan.— 
SrEINDACHNER and DdépeERLEIN, Fische Japans., IV, 1887, p. 16; Tokyo, 
Nagasaki.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1893, p. 30; Tokyo. 

Labrus eothinus RicHarpson, Ichthyol. China, 1846, p. 255; Canton, male. 

Pseudolabrus eothinus JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 359, 
Tokyo.—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 756; Tsushima.— 
JoRDAN and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 87, Yokohama. 

Labrichthys affinis DiépERLEIN, Ms.—StTeInDACHNER, Fische Japans., IV, 1887, 
p. 16; Tokyo, female. 

Head 34 in length; depth 23; depth of caudal peduncle 64; eye 54 
in head; interorbital space 4; snout 22; D. LX, 10; A. III, 10; scales 
in lateral series 23; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 3, the 
upper scale very small; between lateral line and insertion of anal 8; 
scales on cheek in 5 rows. 

Body rather elongate, compressed; dorsal contour not elevated, 
evenly rounded. Head pointed, snout rather pointed, the jaws equal. 
Teeth in a single series on sides of jaws, distinct though close set; in 2 
series anteriorly, the inner ones minute, the outer ones fang-like, cury- 
ing backward; 1 or 2 fangs in posterior part of upper jaw. Pseudo- 
branchie not very large; gill-rakers on first arch 7+-8, short, pointed. 
Posterior edge of preopercle smooth, the membrane projecting beyond 
the edge. Scales not extending far out on dorsal and anal fins, a very 
narrow sheath present; basal half of caudal with scales; interorbital 
space, snout, chin, and a narrow space along edge of preopercle naked. 
Lateral line complete, bending abruptly downward below base of soft 
dorsal. Edge of membrane of spinous dorsal notched, the membrane 
but little thickened around the spines; longest spine 43 in head, ray 23. 


Second anal spine 4? in head, the longest ray 23. Caudal truncate or © 


slightly rounded, its length 13 in head. Ventrals and pectorals reach- 
ing an equal distance posteriorly, their tips as far before the vent as 
the insertion of the anal is behind it. 

Color in spirits: Male, yellowish olive, 5 conspicuous, blackish, nar- 
row, longitudinal stripes on upper part of body, the first just below 
base of dorsal, the second, third, and fourth radiating from eye, the 
fifth joined to the fourth just above pectoral; in very brightly colored 
specimens the third and fourth stripes are continued on the snout; 
between the stripes are small yellowish white spots, sharply defined 
from the first to the third stripes, indistinct or absent between the 
lower ones, the spots alternating with each other; a dark spot at upper 
edge of base of pectoral; snout and occiput dusky; dorsal with a black 
blotch somewhat larger than eye on the spinous part, sometimes fol- 
lowed by a second, less distinct spot, the membranes with dusky spots 
and reticulations; anal with 2 longitudinal dusky bands; caudal dusky; 
pectorals and ventrals plain. Female with narrow dark stripes on 
upper part of head, the lowest on a level with eye, a number of very 
indistinct orange-colored lateral stripes on body, 2 rows of small yel- 
lowish white alternating spots below base of dorsal, 2 short rows of 


* 


no.1266. DABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 627 


similar spots along sides of belly, a small spot at upper edge of base 
of pectoral; dorsal with 2 rows of sharply defined, very small black 
spots; other fins plain. 

Color of male in life: Body and head greenish blue, cheeks and 
throat with reddish orange reticulations, lines of same color through 
eye; top of head and nape brownish; scales of upper parts with yel- 
lowish centers, the posterior ones tinged with red, broadly edged with 
greenish blue; upper part of body with 4 or 5 indefinite lateral stripes; 
dorsal greenish with reticulations of bright yellowish red; pectorals 
yellowish red, brightest on upper part of fin; anal greenish blue, with 
3 wavy longitudinal lines of brick red; caudal edged with light orange. 

This species is one of the commonest in the bays of southern Japan, 
abounding in all rocky places in shallow water, and frequently taken 
on the hook in the surf. It varies much in color from brilliant red to 
dull olive. The male has black blotches on the dorsal and about 5 
streaks of dark olive on the body. The female has the dorsal with 
black dots, not blotches, and the streaks on the body are more or less 
obsolete. The pale spots along the sides of the back are almost always 
conspicuous in the male, but are often faint or absent in the female. 

Our specimensare from Tokyo, Misaki, Enoshima, Wakanoura, Kobe, 
Hiroshima, Tsuruga, Hakota, Nagasaki, Tsushima and Totomi Bay 
where it was dredged in rather deep water. 


20. PSEUDOLABRUS GRACILIS (Steindachner). 


Labrichthys gracilis StEINDACHNER, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 17; Tokio. 
Pseudolabrus gracilis JoRDAN and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 87. 

Head 4 in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 24; eye 5 in 
head; interorbital space 43; snout 3; D. IX, 11; A. III, 10; scales in 
lateral series 23; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 1; between 
lateral line and insertion of anal 7; rows on cheek 3. 

Body notably elongate; snout sharp; jaws equal; interorbital area 
low, convex; eye somewhat nearer to tip of snout than to posterior edge 
of opercle. Teeth in a single series laterally, coalesced or closely 
apposed at base, the points distinct; 1 or 2 strong canines projecting for- 
ward from, posterior part of upper jaw; an outer row represented on 
anterior part of jaws by 2 canines above and 4 below. Posterior edge 
of preopercle not serrate, opercle with an elongate flap. Gill-rakers 
on first arch 7+10, short, pointed. Scales not forming a sheath on 
bases of dorsal and anal; basal half of caudal with scales; those on opercle 
large, imbricated. Lateral line complete, high on body, bent abruptly 
downward below base of softdorsal. Dorsallow, the membrane scarcely 
incised, not thickened around the spines, a short, soft filament pro- 
jecting beyond each spine, longest spine 3 in head, ray 275. Second 
anal spine 54 in head, longest ray 24. Caudal rounded, 14 in head, 
pectoral 12; ventral 12, the outer ray of the latter filamentous. 


628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. ° 


Color in spirits yellowish white, dusky above, the dusky color 
abruptly ceasing along the middle of the third row of scales below the 
dorsal fin; a dusky band bordered by blackish extending from tip of 
snout through eye and on head; it can be indistinctly traced to the 
upper part of caudal peduncle, where it ends in a small dark blotch. 

Described from a specimen 140 mm. long from Nagasaki. 

This well-marked species is distinguished by its slender body and by 
the presence of but 3 rows of scales on the cheek. It seems to be 
rare. We have but 2 specimens from Nagasaki and Misaki. 

(gracilis, slender.) 


12. ANAMPSES Cuvier. 


Anampses Cuvier, Réegne Anim., 2d ed, 1829. (tetrodon; cuvieri, the characters 
taken from the latter species; the former perhaps a Tilapia). 
Ampheces JonrDAN and SNypER, new subgenus (geographicus). 


Body oblong, rather deep, compressed, covered with moderate or 
large scales (25 to 30 in the lateral line, about 50 in subgenus Ampheces); 
lateral line continuous; head scaleless; preopercle entire; teeth uni- 
serial; two anterior canines in each jaw prominent, turned forward, 
compressed, with cutting edges; no posterior canines; fin rays D. LX, 
12; A. III, 12. Species of rather large size and showy colors, of the 
East Indies and Polynesia. The group is naturally divisible into two 
groups distinguished by the size of the scales. The Japanese species 
constitutes the new subgenus or probably distinct genus Ampheces,* 
distinguished from Anampses by the small scales. 

( Avayubns, probably an old name, its meaning not explained.) 


21. ANAMPSES GEOGRAPHICUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Anampses geographicus CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1510, XIV, 
1839, p. 10, pl. cccLxxx1x; Amboyna.—B.egrxer, Atlas Ichth., 1862, p. 102, 
pl. xxv, fig. 3; Amboyna, Ceram.—GtnruHer, Cat. Fish., 1V, 1862, p. 137; 
Amboyna.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 29; Riukiu Islands. 

Dorsal rays LX, 12; anal rays III, 12; scales in lateral line 50; in 
transverse series 8+-22. 

Dorsal spines stiff. Brownish violet, each scale with a blue vertical 
streak; head, thoracic region, and caudal fin with reticulated, blue, 
darker edged lines. Vertical fins with a yellow hue and black margin; 
dorsal and anal with numerous small blue dots (Giinther). 

This species is placed in the present list because a specimen from 
Riukiu is in the Imperial Museum of Tokyo. It is regarded by us as 
the type of a distinct subgenus Ampheces, distinguished from Anampses 
by the small scales (50 instead of 30). 

(geographicus, from the map-like markings.) 


VP Aupnhkns (double biting). 


no.1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 629 


13. STETHOJULIS Gunther. 
Stethojulis GiintHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 140 (strigiventer. ) 


Body oblong, compressed, covered with large scales, 25 to 30 in 
lateral line, those of the thorax enlarged, larger than those of the rest 
of the body; head scaleless; lateral line not interrupted; mouth small: 
canines small, close-set, those of the upper jaw very short, those of 
the lower jaw forming a cutting edge; large posterior canines present; 
fins low; dorsal rays LX, 11; anal rays UI, 11, the spines short and 
pungent. Small fishes of the coral reefs allied to Halichwres, but the 
anterior canines much less developed and the posterior canine wanting. 
Coloration always exquisite. 

(oréos, breast; Ju/is.) 


a. Head and body with distinct bright red stripes (gray in spirits), one along base 
of dorsal, one through eye to middle of caudal, one below eye to base of pec- 
toral, and one along side of belly; a blue-black spot on opercle... psacas, 22. 

aa. Head and body without distinct red stripes. 
b. Lower part of sides with yellowish longitudinal stripes and some black dots; a 


black-spot at base of lastidorsal ray 2.22... 22.2 en 5 ee ee strigiventer, 23. 
bb. Lower part of sides posteriorly, with leaden blue spots and markings; a dark 
band above pectoral anteriorly edged with pearly white .-..-...- terina, 24. 


bbb. Lower part of sides without spots or stripes; a brownish black lateral band, 
wider and less distinct anteriorly; a pale stripe below eye; a dark axillary 


SPObeesse eee ei oe Sera cits, see ea tan oee sete e gees trossula, 25. 


22. STETHOJULIS PSACAS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 3? in length; depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 3; eye 54 
in head; interorbital space 4; snout 22; D. IX, 11; A. III, 10; scales 
in lateral series, 26; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal, 2; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal, 9. 

Body rather elongate, greatly compressed, breast and back sharp, 
caudal peduncle narrow, dorsal and ventral outlines evenly rounded; 
head large, snout rather blunt, interorbital space convex. Eye nearer 
to tip of snout than to posterior edge of opercle, a distance equal to 
diameter of pupil. Jaws equal, lips thin, small, pendulous. Teeth in 
a single row in each jaw; blunt, incisor-like, two small canines at tip 
of each jaw, a posterior canine on each side of upper jaw. Pre 
opercle smooth, opercle with a narrow angular flap. Pseudobranchize 
large; gill-rakers on first arch 9+-15, short and pointed near middle 
of arch, growing stumpy toward the ends, the outer ones reduced to 
mere knobs. Seales large, those on breast below pectoral and before 
ventrals greatly enlarged, those on occiput and on base of pectoral 
very small; a narrow sheath of one row of small scales along base of 
dorsal; anal without sheath, small scales on base of caudal, the last 
scale of lateral line very large, pointed; head naked. Lateral line 
continuous, abruptly bent downward below base of soft dorsal, a 


630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


branch of lateral line forming a V across occiput at anterior border 
of scales. Spinous dorsal low, the spines rather strong, the posterior 
ones but little longer than the anterior ones, 34 in head, longest ray 34. 
Anal spines weak, the first minute, the third equal in length to diam- 
eter of eye; the longest ray 33 in head. Caudal rounded posteriorly, 
its length 14 in head. Ventrals short, reaching about half way 
between their base and anal opening. Pectorals inserted high up, 
the base nearly horizontal, making the fin point upward. Fin mem- 
branes all thin and transparent. 

Color in spirits. A light grayish stripe, bright red in life, extend- 
ing from snout through upper edge of eye, along side of body par- 
allel with lateral line to middle of base of caudal, wider on body and 
lighter in color than on head; the stripe with a short fork on opercu- 
lar flap, including a conspicuous brown spot; a similar, broader stripe 


LG Sea RO 
& RSSSrr 2 Dentin RX 


| PX YNAXXKYNY) 
CeO 


AIO 
: SSS 


FIG. 5.—STETHOJULIS PSACAS. 


from snout, below eye, across cheek, ending on body above lower 
edge of base of pectoral; a third line originating on edge of shoulder 
girdle, just behind gill-opening, passing upward, then curving back- 
ward below base of pectoral and ending on body at a point above 
insertion of anal; a faint stripe along base of dorsal not extending on 
head. Color above the lower stripe on head and anterior part of 
body, and above upper stripe on remainder of body, brownish, below 
the upper stripes the body is bluish gray, the scales indistinctly edged 
with dusky. Fins all plain. 

A single specimen of this species, 115 millimeters long, was obtained 
from Nafa, in Okinawa, in the Riukiu Islands. It is registered as 
type No. 6850, Zoological Museum, Stanford University. The species 
is very near Stethojulis renardi Bleeker, but the markings are some- 
what different. 

(‘bakas, spot.) 


No. 1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 631 


23. STETHOJULIS STRIGIVENTER! Bennett. 


Julis strigiventer BENNETT, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 184; Ile de France.—Cuvirr 
and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 468 (after Bennett) . 

Stethojulis strigiventer BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., 1862, p. 135, pl. xu, fig. 1; Bawean, 
Singapore, Celebes, Amboyna, Ceram, Timor, ete.—GinTHER, Cat. Fishes, 
IV, 1862, p. 140; Mauritius, Mozambique, Amboyna, Port Essington.—Day, 
Fishes India, 1885, p. 397, pl. Lxxxtv, fig. 7; Nicobars, Andamans.— 
IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 29; Miyakoshima, one of the Riukiu Islands. 

D. TX, 11; A. I], 11; scales in lateral line 26; in tranverse series 
2+9. The height of the body is one-fourth the total length; the 
length of the head two-sevenths; caudal rounded; ventral rather short. 
Greenish, lower parts of the sides with several yellow, longitudinal 
lines and with some black dots; a brownish band from the mouth 
below the eye to the operculum; a black dot at the base of the penul- 
timate dorsal ray; sometimes a small black spot on the base of the 
caudal fin. (Giinther.) 

There are no doubt three anal spines in this species, as in Stethojulis 
albovittata of the Hawaiian Islands, and in other species of the genus, 
the first spine being so small as to easily escape observation. 

This species, common in the Indian region, is placed in the present 
list because a specimen from the Riukiu Islands is in the Imperial 
Museum of Tokyo. 

(striga, stripe; venter, belly.) 


24. STETHOJULIS TERINA Jordan and Snyder, new species. 
Julis sp. No. 508 Isaixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 29; Boshu. 


Head 33 in length; depth 34; depth of caudal peduncle 84; eye 5} 
in head; interorbital space 3; snout 23; D. IX, 11; A. III, 11; scales 
in lateral series 25; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 3; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 9. . 

Body rather elongate; compressed; caudal peduncle narrow, dorsal 
outline slightly arched, curving almost evenly from snout to caudal 
peduncle, there being no sudden descent at base of caudal fin. Head 
long, the snout pointed; jaws equal; interorbital space convex; eye 
small, nearer snout than edge of opercle, a distance equal to diameter 
of pupil. Lips thin, pendent, those of the lower jaw divided by a 
narrow median ridge. Teeth blunt, closely apposed, in a single series 
in each jaw, the anterior ones not enlarged nor canine-like; a strong 
canine projecting forward on each side of posterior part of upper jaw. 
Gill-membranes narrowly restricted to isthmus. Pseudobranchize 


1The following species is recorded from Kobe in Karoli’s list probably by error for 
Stethojulis terina: 
STETHOJULIS INTERRUPTA (Bleeker). 
Julis interrupta BLEEKER, Banda I, p. 252. 
Stethojulis interrupta GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 142; Amboyna.—BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., p. 
133, pl. xLrv, fig. 4; Celebes, Amboyna, Ceram, etc.—KARoLI, Prodr. Pisce, Asiz, Orient, 1882, 
p. 28; Kobe (probably an error). 


632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


large; gill-rakers on first arch 7+12, very short, the outer 5 or 6 on 
lower limb reduced to mere projections. Preopercle smooth, opercle 
with a broad, terminal flap. Head naked, fins without basal sheath 
of scales, scales of breast not greatly reduced in size, those of nape very 
small and elongate. Lateral line complete, bent abruptly downward 
below base of dorsal fin. Dorsal spines slender, short, the longest 3} 
in head; rays scarcely longer than spines. First anal spine very small, 
concealed, the succeeding spines small and weak, the third contained 
64 times in head; longest ray 33; caudal rounded, 13 in head. Upper 
rays of pectoral longest, 14 in head, the others gradually shorter. 
Ventrals rounded, short, not reaching much over halfway between 
their base and anal opening. 

Color in spirits ight, yellowish brown, darker on upper half of 
body; a dark band narrowly edged with white extending backward 
from upper edge of base of pectoral, becoming narrow, broken, and 
finally disappearing near tip of pectoral; four lines of small brown 


SS Sites 
As oS LE_ 


a 
y 
a 
TZ44 


43 SS oe 
oS 
eee. 
LES a 
CO 
L585 
eres 
Sess 
Sees 


Fic. 6-—STETHOJULIS TERINA. 


spots, one on each scale, extending along sides of lower half of body, 
except the breast and belly; an indistinct, narrow, dark line extending 
from eye to edge of opercle; dorsal indistinctly mottled, the other fins 
plain. Males and females alike in color and other characteristics. 

Described from a specimen about 105 millimeters long from Misaki. 
Other specimens of both sexes from Misaki, Wakanoura, and from 
Kominato, in Boshu, differ but slightly from the specimen described. 

In life, the species is olive brown, the marks on side pearly white and 
blue black, the spots leaden blue; snout orange; base of pectoral marked 
by dull orange; fins reddish pearl. 

This beautiful species is common about the tide pools and the rocks 
washed by the Kuro Shiwo. The species is very close to the Stetho- 
julis kalosoma of the East Indies, but our specimens show none of the 
red or blue shades indicated in Bleeker’s plate, and it is not probable 
that they belong to the same species. The type is No. 6851, Stanford. 
Univ. 

(rEepnv, Tépetva, exquisite.) 


N 


ae et esd 


Past 


No. 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 633 


25. STETHOJULIS TROSSULA Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 33 in length; depth 3%; depth of caudal peduncle 9; eye 54 in 
head; interorbital space 4; snout 23; D. IX, 11; A. III, 11; scales 
in lateral series 26; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 3; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 9. 

Body elongate, caudal peduncle rather narrow, dorsal and ventral 
contours evenly curved, breast with a sharp ridge. Snout pointed, 
jaws equal, lower lip thin, pendulous, parted mesially into lateral 
lobes. Teeth in a single row, small, blunt, no anterior canines, a pair 
of strong posterior canines present. Edge of preopercle entire; 
opercle with a broad flap. Pseudobranchiv large; gillrakers on first 
arch 6 + 15, most of those on the lower limb reduced to mere knobs; 
gill membranes well separated by a rather broad isthmus. Scales of 
breast like those of sides, not larger, those near gill openings small; 
scales on occiput and base of pectoral minute; dorsal andanal without 
basal sheaths; caudal with small scales on basal part; head naked. 


Fig. 7.—STETHOJULIS TROSSULA. 


Lateral line complete, abruptly bent downward below base of soft 
dorsal. Dorsal spines low, moderately strong, the longest 44 in head, 
longest ray 23. First anal spine very small, concealed, the third 44 
in head; longest ray 33. Caudal rounded, 1# in head. Ventrals 
reaching to within an eye’s diameter of anal opening. Pectorals 14 
in head. Membranes of fins thin and transparent, not thickened about 
the spines or rays. 

Color in alcohol, chocolate brown above, much lighter below, the 
dark color ceasing abruptly a little above middle of sides, a broad 
brownish black band on caudal peduncle, which widens and becomes 
indistinct anteriorily; a dark patch bordered above and below with 
yellowish white, before base of pectoral; a dark spot on upper part of 
axil; head darker than body, the dark area extending to the lower 
edge of preopercle; a white stripe somewhat narrower than pupil 
extending from tip of snout, below eye, to edge of opercle; lower part 
of body with 4 indistinct, dark longitudinal stripes. Middle of caudal 
brownish; other fins plain. 


634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Of this species we have but one specimen, which measures 120 milli- 
meters, from Misaki. It is recorded as type No. 6852, Zoological 
Museum, Stanford University. 

It is near Stethojulis phekadopleura Bleeker, of the East Indies, but 
differs in coloration, as it also differs from S. ote 

(trossula, a belle, or elegant young woman. ) 


14. HEMIGYMNUS Gunther. 


Hemigymnus GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861, p. 386 ( fusciatus) . 


Body compressed, oblong, covered with rather large scales, 30 in 
lateral lines; lateral line continuous; opercles naked; cheek with a 
stripe of very small scales; preopercle entire. Lips thick and pend- 
ent; teeth uniserial; canines 3; a posterior canine tooth; fin rays, D. 
XS A at Hast Indies: 

(jut, half; yusos, naked.) 


26. HEMIGYMNUS MELAPTERUS (Bloch). 


Labrus melapterus Buocw, Ichthyologia VIII, p. 111, pl. ccotxxxv; Japan. 

Tautoga melapterus CuvieR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 311; 
Java.—B.LrEeKer, Verh. Bat. Genootsch, XXII, p. 16.—RicHarpson, Ann. 
Mag. Nat. Hist., 1843, XI, p. 358. 

Hemigymnus ielanap ter us GUnrHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 139; Celebes, oe 
Port Essington, Endeavor Reef, Australia. —BLrrKerr, Atlas Ichth., p. 142, 
pl. xiv, fig. 203; Java, Duizend Islands, Cocos, Sumatra, Batu, Nias, 
Singapore, Bintang, Celebes, Amboyna, Ceram, Goram.—Day, Fishes India, 
p. 396, pl. txxxrv, fig. 2, 1885; Andamans.—IsHixawa, Prel. Cat. 1897, 
p- 29; Riukiu Islands. 


D. LX, 11; A. III, 11; scales in lateral line 29; in transverse series 
5 + 14. 

A posterior canine tooth hidden by the skin. Lips very thick, with 
folds; the lower lip is notched anteriorly, each lateral part pendent 
like a wattle. Cheek with a band of small scales. Back and sides 
between the vertical fins brownish, abdomen and thoracic region yel- 
lowish; a blackish blotch behind the orbit; dorsal and anal fins with 
a slight margin, and with a bluish intermarginal band edged with 
darker. (Giinther). 

This species is included in the present list because it was originally 
described from Japan and a specimen from Riukiu is now in the 
Imperial Museum. 

(uéas, black; 27epor, fin.) 


27. HEMIGYMNUS FASCIATUS (Thunberg). 


Mullus fasciatus TounBERG, Reise nach Japan, IV, 1791, p. 351, pl. cocxrv; City of 
“‘Meaco’’ (doubtless Miyakoshima, Temple Island, one of the Riukiu 
group). 

Labrus fasciatus Buocu, Ichthyol., VIII, p. 6, pl. ccxe, about 1792; Japan. 

Tautoga fasciata CuyiER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 303, pl. 
cccLxx1x; Ile de France. 


no.1266. DABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 635 


Hemigymnus fasciatus GéNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861, p. 386.—BLEEKER, 
Atl. Ichth., 1862, p. 141, pl. xuv1, fig. 2; East Indies, Mauritius, Ceylon.— 
GutntTHER, Cat. Fish., 1V, 1862, p. 188; Amboyna.—Day, Fish. India, 1885, 
p. 396. 

Sparus fuliginosus LAcEPEDE, Hist. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 437; Ile de France. 

Sparus malapteronotus LackPEDE, Hist. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 450; Ile de France. 

Sparus zonephorus LackprprE, Hist. Poiss., IV, 1803, p. 155 (after Bloch). 

Sparus meaco LACEPEDE, Hist. Poiss., IV, 1803, p. 161 (after Thunberg). 

Scarus quinquefasciatus BENNETT, Fishes Ceylon, 1839, pl. xx11; Ceylon. 

? Tautoga mertensi Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 308; 
Carolines. 

Cheilinus blochi Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIV, 1837, p. 108 (after 
Labrus fasciatus Bloch). 

? Tautoga leucomos BLEEKER, Bliliton, IV, p. 239; Bliliton. 

? Hemigymnus leucomus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., IV., 1862, p. 139. 

D. LX, 11; A. III, 11; scales in lateral line 30; in transverse series 
5+ 11. A posterior canine tooth. Lips very thick, with folds; the 
lower lips are notched anteriorly, broad, pendent, like wattles; cheek 
with a band of small scales. Body with 5 brownish-black cross bands; 
ventral and anal blackish; the lower half of the soft dorsal yellowish, 
the upper blackish. A brownish spot behind tbe eye. (Giinther.) 

This species is here included because it was originally described 
from Japan, doubtless from the island of Myiako in the Riukiu. 
This must be near its northern limit. 

( fasciatus, banded.) 


15. GUNTHERIA Bleeker. 


Gimntheria BLEEKER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 412 (trimaculatus) . 
? Hemitautoga BuEEKeER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 413 (centiquadra). 


This genus differs from /Halichwres in the presence of small scales 
on the cheeks behind the eyes; base of dorsal with a more or less dis- 
tinct scaly sheath. Bleeker divides the genus into two: Giintheria, 
with two canines in the lower jaw, and Hemctautoga, with four. The 
two differ otherwise but slightly, and both are near Platyglossus and 
Halicheres. 

(Named for Dr. Albert Giinther. ) 


28. GUNTHERIA TRIMACULATA (Quoy and Gaimard). 


Julis trimaculata Quoy and Gatmarp, Voyage Astrolabe, Zool., II, 1834, p. 705, 
pl. xx, fig. 2; Vanicolo.—Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 
1837, p. 452; Vanicolo. 

Giintheria trimaculata BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., p. 138, pl. xxx, fig. 1; East 
Indies. 

Platyglossus trimaculatus G&NTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 153; East Indies.— 
IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 29; Riukiu Islands. 

Julis spilurus BLEEKER, Banda, I, p. 252; Banda. 


D. IX, 11; A. III, 11; scales in lateral line 29; in transverse series 


10+ 15. The height of the body equals the length of the head, and 
is rather more than one-fourth of the total. Caudal truncated; head 


636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


with a broad bluish band from the snout, below the eye, bent down- 
ward across the operculum and suboperculum; several other oblong 
spots above this band; a crescent on the interoperculum and the 
margin of the suboperculum bluish; an oblique white streak from the 
axil to the belly. Each scale with a bluish vertical streak; a dark 
brown spot near the root of the caudal, above the lateral line; some- 
times one or two other brown spots on the side of the body. Dorsal 
with three, anal with two longitudinal lines, which are whitish in 
spirits; a small black spot superiorily in the axil. (Giinther.) 

This species is represented in the Imperial Museum by a specimen 
from Riukiu. 

(tres, three; maculatus, spotted.) 


16. HALICHGERES! Ruppell. 


Halicheres Risppetit, Neue Wirbelthiere Fische, 1837, p. 16 (bimaculatus, not 
Halicherus Nilsson, 1820, a genus of seals). 

Iehthycallus? Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classe Fishes, II, 1839, p. 232 (dimidiatus). 

Cherojulis Gru, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 142 (substitute for Halicheres, 
regarded as preoccupied ). 

Parajulis BLEEKER, Enum. Poiss. de Japan, 1879, p. 5, (peecilopterus, no definition. ) 

Tridio JorpAN and EvermMAnn, Check List Am. Fishes, 1896, p. 412 (radiatus). 


Body oblong, compressed, not elevated, covered with large scales, 
there being 25 to 30 in the course of the lateral line, which is not inter- 
rupted, but bent abruptly behind; scales on breast a little smaller. 
Head scaleless, compressed conic; preopercle entire. Teeth large, two 
to four strong canines in front of each jaw, a posterior canine tooth. 
Fin rays usually D. IX, 11; A. III, 11; fins low; caudal lunate, trun- 
cate or rounded; ventrals inserted under axil of pectoral. Gill-rakers 
short and feeble; gill membranes slightly joined to the narrow isthmus; 
no scaly sheath at base of dorsal. Vertebre 10+15=25. Species 
numerous, of rather small size and gay coloration, the typical species 
(with canines 4) all belonging to the East Indies and Polynesia, those 
with canines 2 (/ehthycallus) being all American. 

(@As, sea; Yoipos, pig). 


I. Haticn@res: canines #. 


a. Dorsal spines relatively firm and low, the longest 3 in head; depth 33 in length; 
anterior canines strong, dorsal rays IX, 14; anal rays IX, 14; males with a 
brownish lateral band, a large brown spot near end of pectoral; head with light 
blue markings; female with a blackish lateral band and a similar dark streak 
above it at base of dorsal extending forward to snout, besides several lines of 


dark spots #... 2.52. ae ae eee ee pecilopterus, 29. 
1 Platyglossus (Klein) Bleeker (marginatus), differs from Halicheres in the presence 


of a scaly sheath at base of dorsal. 

2The first species named under Ichthycallus (dimidiata) belongs to the group called 
Tridio. The name Ichthycallus may be restricted to that species and its affinities, 
replacing Jridio, if this subgenus (composed of American species with the canines ?) 
is deemed worthy of recognition. 


* 7k peta 


1h oe i 


ST ata PRO 


no. 1266. DABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 637 


aa. Dorsal spines high and very slender, the longest about 2} in head; depth about 
4 in iength; anterior canines small; dorsal rays IX, 12; anal rays III, 12; a 

black axillary spot. 
b. Dorsal fin (in male) blotched and edged with black; sides with a pale lateral 
shade; caudaldark with paleedges; anal darkat base, with three longitudinal 


SHINGIS) ABS Ae teat ctr Me ieee Eee aw Ug hat ORS bide ae ee bleekeri, 30. 
bb. Dorsal fin mottled, but without black spot or edging; no distinct color 
markings except the black axillary spot .............-.-- tremebundus, 31. 


-29. HALICHGERES PCECILOPTERUS (Schlegel). 


AOBERA (BLUE BERA) MALE; AKABERA (RED BERA) FEMALE. 


Julis pecilopterus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss, 1846, p. 169, pl. Lxxxvrt bis. 
fig. 1; Nagasaki (male).—RicHarpson, Ichthyol. China, 1846, p. 260; Can- 
ton.—Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 271; Shimoda. 

Platyglossus pecilopterus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 166; China.—K rot, 
Prodrom. Pise. Asize, Orient, 1882, p. 28; Hakuri.—SremnpAacHNner, Fische 
Japans, IV, 1887, p. 19; Tokyo; Reise Aurora, 1896, p. 215; Kobe.—IsHrxawa, 
Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 28; Tokyo, Boshu.—JorpAN and Snyper, Proc. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 756; Yokohama; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 359; 
Tokyo. 

FHalicheres pecilopterus JORDAN and Snyver, Check List, 1901, p. 87; Yokohama, 

Julis pyrrhogramma SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 170, pl. uxxxvr 
bis. fig. 2; Nagasaki (female). 

Platyglossus pyrrhogramma GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 166, after Schlegel.— 
Karo.t, Prodr. Pisce. Asize Orient., 1882, p. 28; Yokohama, Hakuri.—Srern- 
DACHNER, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 19; Tokyo, Tango; Reise Aurora, 1896, 
p. 214; Kobe.—Isurkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 29; Tokyo, Boshu. 

Halicheres pyrrhogrammus JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 
309; Tokyo; Check List, 1901, p. 87; Yokohama. 

Julis thersites RicHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 260; Canton. 

Head 4,15 in length; depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 74; eye 6 
in head; interorbital space 44; snout 2%; D. TX, 14; A. III, 14; scales 
in lateral series 26, between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 3, 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 8. 

Body elongate, compressed, the dorsal contour not elevated. Inter- 
orbital area very convex, eye slightly nearer to tip of snout than to 
edge of opercle. Snout pointed, the jaws equal, the mouth rather 
small. Teeth in a single series laterally, coalesced at bases, the tips 
distinct; a large fang projecting forward from posterior part of upper 
jaw; four large curved canines in anterior part of both jaws, the two 
middle ones of upper jaw largest. Edge of preopercle entire. Onpercle 
with a large flap. Gill rakers on first arch 6+9 short, pointed. 

Seales before dorsal small in about,seven rows, crossing the median 
line. Head entirely naked; fins without sheath at base. Lateral line 
complete, abruptly bent downward below base of soft dorsal. 

Membrane of spinous dorsal not incised, the spines relatively firm, 
longest spine 3 in head, longest ray 24. Anal spines weak, the second 
5¢ in head, longest ray 23. Caudal rounded, its length 1} in head; 
length of pectoral 12; ventral 14 in head, short, not filamentous, not 
reaching vent. 


638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Color in spirits; male, light yellowish brown, a brownish band a 
little wider than orbit, extending along back, a similar band below the 
lateral line, extending from gill opening to base of caudal; a large dark 
brown spot on body below end of pectoral; scales of body anterior to 
the brown spot, and below the median dark band, with large light 
spots; head with elongate spots and longitudinal light blue bars 
bordered with dark brown, one extending between tip of snout and 
eye, another along cheek and side of head; an indistinct greenish band 
running obliquely backward and downward from occiput. Dorsal 
with broad dusky reticulations, which inclose round bluish-white spots 
on greater part of fin, leaving a light band near the dusky margin; anal 
similar in color; caudal with vertical light bars, which are in places 
broken up into spots; ventrals and pectorals plain. 

Described from a male specimen 230 millimeters long from Nagasaki. 

The females differ strikingly from the males in color. Body witha 
sharply defined dark brown band, overlaid with red, one half a scale 
in width, extending from tip of snout to base of caudal; below this at 
intervals about equal to the band in width are two dark broad lines, 
the lower indistinct; above the band, with intervals about equal to its 
width, are two rows of dark spots, one on the anterior part of each 
scale, the spots and lines not extending on head; above the dots a dark 
brown band similar to the median one runs from snout to end of dorsal 
fin, where it unites with its fellow on the opposite side, and extends 
along upper edge of caudal peduncle; on the upper part of head the 
bands are united on the snout and broken into two oblong bars on the 
occiput. Fins orange in life, the dorsal with a slight clouding of dusky. 

This species is found in shallow bays and about rocks everywhere in 
Japan from Hakodate southward. Both males and females are 
brightly colored and the two sexes are quite unlike in pattern. For 
this reason the two have been accepted as distinct species without any 
question until the present time. Their identity has been shown by 
dissection of many examples. Our specimens in all cases representing 
both sexes are from Aomori, Matsushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, 
Kobe, Onomichi, Hiroshima, Tsuruga and Nagasaki. 

(zoukihos, variegated: 77épor, fin.) 


30. HALICHGERES BLEEKERI (Steindachner and Doderlein. ) 


HONBERA (ORIGINAL BERA). 


? Platyglossus tenuispinis GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 161; China Sea (perhaps 
a faded female, but the ventrals said to be shorter than the pectorals and the 
dorsal spot on three spines only).—Karott, Prodr. Pisc. As., Orient, 1882, 
p. 28; Nagasaki. 

Platyglossus bleekeri STEINDACHNER and D6DERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1837, p. 19; 
Tokyo. 

Halicheres bleekeri JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 359, 
Tokyo; Check List, 1901, p. 87; Yokohama. 


NO, 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 639 


Head 4 in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 7; eye 44 in 
head; snout 23; interorbital space 44; D. IX, 12; A: III 12; scales in 
lateral series 25, between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 2, between 
latarel line and insertion of anal 8. 

This species is characterized by its slender body, high and flexible 
dorsal spines and the small number of dorsal and anal rays. Canines 
very small, scarcely differentiated, 4. Scales before dorsal small, 
crossing the median line in about 8 rows. 

Longest dorsal spine 2 in head, very slender; longest ray 24. Anal 
spines short, slender, the second about equal to diameter of eye; long- 
estray 24inhead. Caudal rounded. Outer ray of ventral filamentous, 
longer than the pectoral, at least in the male. 

Color in spirits brownish, shaded with blue, an indefinite light band 
extending along side of body; head with two dark bands, one below 
eye, the other above, occasionally one or both are very indistinct or 
absent; a small black blotch at upper edge of base of pectoral; dorsal 
broadly bordered with brownish, the border growing wider anteriorly, 
where it is almost black, the base of fin with a row of large round light 
spots, which in some specimens are united to form a band; caudal dark, 
the dorsal and ventral edge light; anal with three broad longitudinal 
bands, separated by very light lines, the basal band dark, the outer 
ones slighter; ventrals and pectorals plain. 

The female is unknown to us. Of 24 specimens about 150 millime- 
ters long from 6 localities allare males. It is possible that //alicheres 
tenuispinis (Giinther), with the black on the dorsal restricted to a single 
spot and the ventrals not filamentous and shorter than the pectorals, 
may prove to be the same species. 

This species is generally common throughout southern Japan, and 
may be recognized by the height and slenderness of the dorsal spines 
and the dark color of the fins. 

Our specimens are from Tokyo, Misaki, Kobe, Onomichi, Hiroshima, 
and Nagasaki. 

(Named for Dr. Pieter van Bleeker.) 


31. HALICHGERES TREMEBUNDUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. 


Head 3,5; in length; depth 44; depth of caudal peduncle 73; eye 44 
in head; interorbital space 4; snout 23; D. IX, 12; A. III, 12; scales 
in lateral series 25; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 1 or 2; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 9. 

Body elongate, compressed, dorsal outline not elevated, upper anterior 
profile evenly curved from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, the 
caudal peduncle deep. Head pointed, snout sharp, the jaws equal. 
Teeth in a single series laterally, closely apposed but not coalesced, 
growing gradually larger toward tip of snout, the anterior canines not 
much enlarged, 4, a few minute teeth behind the canines; a small 


640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. . 


posterior canine present. Pseudobranchie large; gill-rakers on first 
arch 3-+ 9, small, pointed. Eye nearer to tip of snout than to edge 
of opercle a distance about equal to two-thirds its diameter. Edge of 
preopercle smooth, opercle with a flap equal in length to diameter of 
eye. Lips thin, the lower one pendant on the sides of mouth, divided 
anteriorly. Scales before dorsal small in 6 or 8 rows, crossing the 
median line. 

Scales not forming a sheath at base of fins, smaller on belly than on 
upper parts, very small on nape and breast; head entirely naked. 
Lateral line complete, abruptly bent downward below base of soft 
dorsal. 

Membrane of spinous dorsal not incised, the spines slender, short, 
the longest 24 in head; dorsal rays slightly higher than spines. Anal 
spines very small and weak, the third about 33 in head, longest ray 2. 
Dorsal and anal rays when depressed not reaching base of caudal. 
Caudal rounded, 14 in head. Pectoral rather truncate posteriorly, 12 
in head. Ventrals filamentous, 1? in head. 


FIG. 8.—HALICH@RES TREMEBUNDUS. 


Color in spirits, dusky above, lighter below; a small, distinet brown- 
ish black spot-on upper edge of base of pectoral; dorsal pale, mottled 
with pale brownish, without black spot or edging; iris green. 

Described from a specimen about 100 millimeters long, Type No. 6853, 
Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, from Hiroshima. We 
have examined both males and females and find no external differences. 

It is one of the smallest and slenderest species of the genus, differ- 
ing principally in color and in greater slenderness from //. bleeker?. 
We have 15 specimens, from Misaki, Hiroshima, Kobe, Wakanoura, 
Onomichi, and Nagasaki. 

(tremebundus, timid.) 


17. CORIS Lacépéde. 
Coris LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 96 (aygula). 


Body compressed, oblong, covered with moderate or small scales, 
about 60 in the lateral line; head scaleless; lateral line not interrupted; 


no.1266. [ABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 641 


posterior canine tooth absent; fin rays, dorsal IX, 12; anal III, 12; 
anterior dorsal spines usually produced and flexible; caudal rounded. 
Polynesia, the species few; deeply colored fishes of the coral reefs. 
The genus Cords, as understood by Giinther, differs from Halichwres 
in its small scales. It comprisesa great variety of forms, and is divisi- 
ble into six well-marked genera or subgenera, distinguished as follows: 


a. Scales in lateral line 50 to 85. 
b. Posterior canine obsolete; head naked; caudal rounded; scales 60.......- Coris. 
bb. Posterior canine present. 
c. Head with a patch of scales behind the eye; caudal rounded; scales 50. 
Ophthalmolepis. 
cc. Head entirely naked. 
d. Caudal rounded or truncate. 


dd. Caudal forked, the lobes much produced in the adult; scales 73. 

Pseudocoris. 
aa. Seales in lateral line about 120; body oblong; head naked; no posterior canine. 
Hologymnosus. 
Of these groups we here recognize Coris, Sulis, Ophthalmolepis 
(lineolata), and Hologymnosus (fasciatus) as distinct genera. It is not 

unlikely that Pseudocoris (heteroptera) is entitled to similar rank. 
(kopus, a helmet, from the adipose hump on the forehead in old 
individuals of Corts aygula, ‘*a cause de Véspece de casque qui 
envelope et surmounte la tete,” the first dorsal spines being compared 

to the plume in the helmet.) 


a. Scales in lateral line 50 to 60; posterior canine obsolete or nearly so. 
}. Anterior dorsal rays much produced; body robust; color blue-black almost 
(WUAIUIOTITIN: Seb So a kt se er eet ee ere A Se aed aygula, 32. 


32. CORIS AYGULA Lacépede. 


Coris ayguia LackprDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 96, pl. rv, fig. 1; Ile de 
France.—GtnTHeEr, Cat. Fish., [V, 1862, p. 201; Red Sea, India, Australia. 
Day, Fish. India, 1885, p. 408 (with a figure representing some species of 
Hologymnosus). 

Coris angulata LackpkpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 96, pl. rv, fig. 2; Ile de 
France (dorsal spines not produced). 

Julis gibbifrons Quoy and GAimarD, Voy. Astrolabe, Poiss., 1834, p. 707, pl. xrx, 
fig. 3; Ile de France. 

Julis coris Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 1839, p. 491; Ile de 
France. 


Head 3% in length; depth 3; depth of caudal peduncle 6; eye 7 in 
head; snout 23; interorbital space 3%; D. LX, 12; A. III, 12; scales in 
lateral series 61; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 5; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 24. 

Body moderately compressed, caudal peduncle deep, dorsal contour 
ascending rapidly from tip of snout to insertion of dorsal, ventral 
outline more’ gently and evenly curved, interorbital space convex. 


Proc: NEM: vol. xiv 01 = 41 


642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


+ 


Snout short, bluntly pointed, jaws equal, lower lip thin, divided into 2 
lateral pendent lobes. Teeth closely apposed or coalesced at base, the 
points distinct, in a single series, 2 strong blunt canines on tip of each 
jaw, 2 or 4+ smaller teeth in a row behind the canines; no posterior 
‘anines present. Preopercle entire, opercle with a broad flap, its 
length 5 in head. Gill-rakers on first arch 6 + 11, moderately long, 
slender, pointed; pseudobranchie large. 

Scales moderate, much reduced on nape and on pectoral region, 
dorsal and anal fins without basal sheath, small scales extending far 
out on interradial membranes of caudal, head naked. Lateral line 
complete, abruptly bent downward below base of soft dorsal. 

Dorsal spines long and slender, not pungent, the longest 23 in head, 
longest ray 13; anal spines similar to those of dorsal, the rays equal 
to those of dorsal in length; the membranes of both fins thick. The 
caudal and pectorals of our specimen are so worn, it having been con- 


Fig. 9.—CoRIS AYGULA. 


fined in a floating basket, that their shape and length can not be deter- 
mined. Outer rays of ventrals lengthened, the fins reaching base 
of first anal ray. 

Color in alcohol, uniform blue-black, the scales with a somewhat 
lighter edge, the fins much darker than the body. 

Color in life deep green, the scales edged with brownish; a bluish 
green vertical band behind end of depressed pectoral; caudal with a 
wash of blue on posterior parts, dorsal and anal with golden brown 
reticulations. 

One specimen of this fine species was obtained at Wakanoura. 

(aygula is detined as egret by Lacépéde; the long dorsal spines 
being compared to a plume on a helmet.) 


18. JOLLS Guwier: 


Julis Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ist ed., I, 1817, p. 261 (julis). 
Hemicoris BLEEKER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 412 (variegata). 
? Pseudocoris BLEEKER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 412 (heteroptera.) 


VW Py ferme 9 Cy aaeiantee te att 5: 


NO. 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 643 


The genus as here understood differs from Cor/s chiefly in the 
presence of the posterior canine tooth. The body is usually more elon- 
gate than in Cor/s, and the scales are frequently smaller (55 to 85). 
In most species the anterior dorsal spines are slender and prolonged. 
Brilliantly colored fishes of the coral reefs, some of the species bury- 
ing themselves in the sand. The name -/u//s, originally based on the 
Girelle of the Mediterranean (/u//s jul/s), has been wrongly transterred 
to the genus Zhalassoma by Bleeker and Giinther. 

(zovXos, violet.) 


33. JULIS FORMOSA (Bennett). 


Labrus formosus BENNeET?, Fishes Ceylon, No. 16, 1830; Ceylon. 

Coris formosa G&NTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 201; after Bennett. 

?Coris formosa BuLEEKER, Atlas Ichthy., 1862, p. 99, pl. xrx, fig. 3; Celebes; 
Amboyna.—? Day, Fishes India, 1885, p. 407, pl. uxxxvi, fig. 5; Malay 
Archipelago. 

?Coris pulcherrina GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 200; Amboyna, Tahiti, 
Aneitum. 

Coris pulcherrima IsH1rkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 28; Riukiu Islands. 

D. TX, 12; A. III, 12 (scales about 80). The anterior dorsal spines 
produced; caudal rounded; ventral long, pointed. Posterior canine 
present. Bluish-gray, with circular black spots; head yellow, with 2 
oblique blue bands ascending toward the origin of the dorsal, oue 
beginning from the snout and passing through the eye, the other par- 
allel to the first, running below the eye. Dorsal and anal fins brown, 
the former witb red margin, and with 2 green lines running within 
the red; black dots between the rays. Anal with a narrow green edge 
and a narrow green intramarginal line; a series of green dots within 
the margin. The inner half of the caudal red, the outer yellowish- 
white. (Giinther after Bennett). 

One specimen of this species from Riukiu is in the Imperial Museum 
at Tokyo. As the synonomy of this and related species is still uncer- 
tain, we copy the substance of the original account, not having exam- 
ined the specimen recorded by Ishikawa. 

( formosus, comely.) 


19. CHEILIO Lacépéde. 


Cheilio (Commerson) LackpEpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1803, p. 4382 (auratus). 
Hemiulis Swatnson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 228 (vittatus). 
Eupemis Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 232 (fusiformis). 

Body elongate, compressed, covered with rather small scales, 45 to 
50 in the lateral line; lateral line continuous; cheeks scaleless; a few 
rudimentary scales on the opercle; teeth small, in one series; no pos- 
terior canines; dorsal spines flexible; fins not produced. Fin rays, 
dorsal IX, 13, A III, 11. Polynesia to Africa, apparently a single 
species, varying much in color. | 

(yéiXos, lip.) 


644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL: XXIV. 


34. CHEILIO INERMIS (Forskal). 


Labrus inermis ForskAu, Deser. Anim., 1775, p. 34; Red Sea. 

Cheilio inermis BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., 1862, p. 82, pl. xxx1, fig. 4; Java, Bawian, 
Sumatra, Celebes, Tonga, Ternate, Amboyna, Banda, Ceram, Goram, Buro, 
Timor, Letti.—Gtyruer, Cat. Fish., [V, 1862, p. 194; Mozambique, Macassar, 
Amboyna, Philippines, Aneitum.—Day, Fish. India, 1885, p. 407, pl. 
LXxxviu, fig. 4; Malay Archipelago.—Jorpan and Evrermann, Fishes For- 
mosa Ms.; Formosa. 

Labrus hassek Lacnripn, Hist. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 518 (after Forskal). 

Cheilio auratus LacnrrpDE, Hist. Poiss., 1V, 1808, p. 483; le de France.—Quoy 
and GarmaRD, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 1824, p. 274, pl. xiv, fig. 2; Maui 
(Hawaii).—Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 341; Ile 
de France. 

Cheilio fuscus LackpEpE, Hist. Poiss., IV, 1803, p. 433; Ile de France.—Cuvier 
and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 349 (same type). 

Labrus fusiformis Riprert, Neue Wirbelthiere Fische, 1837, pl. vir, fig. 4; 
Djedda, Massuah. 

Cheilio cyanochloris Cuv1ER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1857, p. 349; Ie 
de France. 

Cheilio forskalii CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, p. 349 (after ‘nermis 
of Forskal. ) 

Cheilio hemichrysos Cuvimr and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, p. 351; Mau 
(after auratus Quoy and Gaimard).—Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 272; 
Riukiu. 

Cheilio viridis CuvieR and VALENCIENNES Hist. Poiss., XIII, p. 352; Vanicolo. 

Cheilio microstoma CuviprR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., p. 353; locality 
unknown. 

Cheilio ramosus JENYNS, Voyage Beagle, Fishes, 1842, p. 102. 

Cheilio bicolor Brancont, Zool. Mozambique, p. 254, pl. v, Mozambique. 

Head 33 in length; depth 7; depth of caudal peduncle 34; eye 74 in 
head; interorbital space 74; snout 24; D. IX, 13; A. III, 12; scales 
. . * . f a ‘ x 
in lateral series 46; between lateral line and base of dorsal 5; between 
lateral line and base of anal 9. 

Body very elongate, moderately compressed, caudal peduncle deep; 
head very long and pike-like; snout long, pointed, the lower jaw 
slightly shorter than the upper, the lower lip thin and pendent. 
Teeth in a single row on each jaw, the posterior ones small close set, 
the anterior ones larger, two small canines at tip of upper jaw. Pre- 
opercle smooth, opercle with a large rounded flap. Gill-rakers on 
first arch 7+ 19, those on upper limb short, pointed, the lower ones 
mostly long, very slender, some of the long ones with a minute one 
between them; pseudobranchie very large. 


Seales small, somewhat reduced on nape and breast, no sheath along | 


bases of dorsal and anal fins, head naked except a few scales on pos- 

terior edge of opercle. Lateral line complete, gently curving down- 
yard on anterior half, running along middle of body posteriorly. 

Spines of dorsal slender, with soft tips, the longest 3% in head; 


Nie 


longest rays 3. Anal spines weak, longest ray 3 in head. Caudal 


sup 


Pr a, oo Se 


yt ane Fa 


LI 


| 


NO. 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 645 


rounded; ventral 34 in head, not reaching half way between their base 
and the vent; pectorals 24 in head. Fin-membranes thin, transparent, 
not thickened about the spines or rays. 

Color in life (taken from specimens from Hawaii) olive green, vary- 
ing toward rusty red, each scale with a more or less distinct blue spot, 
bluish shades predominating below; head with various streaks and 
reticulations of olive, brownish, and pearly blue; middle of side with 
a narrow, dark streak which breaks up posteriorly into a row of black- 
ish spots; dorsal light orange, the color forming reticulations around 
pearly spots: anal similar to dorsal; caudal olive gray with a paler 
cross band. Some examples were olivaceous orange rather than green- 
ish, the dark lateral band very distinct and traceable across eye to tip 
of snout. 

In spirits the bright colors disappear, the upper parts are darker 
than the lower, the dusky color ending abruptly along a dark lateral 
stripe, or if the stripe is wanting the dark color disappears gradually; 
each scale with a central light spot, a dark spot sometimes present 
on lateral line posterior to tip of pectoral; middle of caudal dusky. 

Here described from specimens about 300 millimeters long obtained 
at Honolulu. This common and widely diffused species reaches the 
Riukiu Islands, a specimen before us having been taken at Nafa, in 
Okinawa. As this specimen is faded, only a trace of a pale lateral 
blotch being visible, we have drawn our account of the color from 
examples taken in Hilo, Hawaii, certainly of the same species. The 
colors vary greatly in life, some being largely yellow, others mostly 
olive green, often with green flesh and bones. The orange or black or 
brown lateral band varies much, being often broken into spots, or in 
old examples obsolete. Occasionally a pink blotch is seen behind the 
pectoral fins. 

_We have also a specimen from Formosa. 

(‘nermis, unarmed.) 


20. THALASSOMA Swainson. 
Thalassoma Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classif. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 224 (purpurea). 
Chlorichthys Swarxson, Nat. Hist. Classif. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 282 (bifasciatus) . 
Julis Giéxtuer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 179 (pavo), not of Cuvier, Régne Anim., 
Ist ed., 1817, p. 261, type, julis. 

Body oblong or elongate, moderately compressed, covered with large 
seales; lateral line continuous; head scaleless; a slight sheath of scales 
along base of dorsal; no posterior canine; dorsal spines slender, the 
number always eight; anal spines three, the first very small. Lower 
pharyngeals essentially as in //alichares. Beautiful fishes of the coral 
reefs and warm currents, the coloration largely deep green or blue. 

(AalXos, a green branch: G@pa, body, from the green coloration of 
the typical species. ) 


646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


a. Caudal truncate, the lobes not produced; pectoral dusky at tip; color dark bluish 
green, with two black lateral shades and other markings; head with red stripes 
radiating from eye; fins: largely wed: S2525..2e 5: Serene Se ee cupido, 35. 

aa. Caudal lunate, with the angles produced. 

b. Back without dark cross bars; traces of oblique bands below pectoral; pectoral 


with a large black blotch at tip; head with dark stripes..-.....- lutescens, 36. 
bb. Back with 6 black cross bars; head with radiating red bands; pectoral without 
distinct dark spot; body and fins more or less variegated-..---- dorsale, 37. 


35. THALASSOMA CUPIDO (Schlegel). 


NISHIKIUWO (BROCADE-FISH). 

Julis cupido SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica Poiss., 1846, p. 170, pl. txxxvr bis, fig. 3; 
Nagasaki.—BLeexer, Verh. Bot. Gen., X XI, Labr., p. 30.—? Gtnruer, Cat. 
Fish., IV, 1862, p. 181; Batavia, probably not of Schlegel.—BLrExeEr, Alt. 
Ichth., p. 39, pl. xxxin, fig. 1.—SrerspacHNer and D6peERLEIN, Fische 
Japans, IV, 1887, p. 20; Tokyo. 

Thalassoma cupido JORDAN and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 88. 

Julis quadricolor Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 272, pl. vi, fig. 2; Shimoda, 
not Julis quadricolor of Lesson. 

Thalassoma quadricolor JorDAN and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 88; after 
Breyoort. 

Head 34 in length; depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 13; eye 6 in 
head; interorbital space 33; snout 23; D. VIII, 13; A. III, 11; scales 
in lateral series 25; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 2; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 8. 

Body elongate, caudal peduncle deep, the head short. Teeth in a 
single series, canine-like anteriorly, gradually growing shorter pos- 
teriorly; no posterior canines. Preopercle smooth; opercle with a 
flap, the posterior edge of which is concave; gill-membranes forming 
a narrow fold across isthmus. Gill-rakers on first arch 6+8, short, 
pointed, those near the limbs much reduced. 

Head naked; dorsal and anal with just the suggestion of basal sheaths, 
scales of nape and breast not greatly reduced in size. Lateral line 
complete, abruptly bent downwards below base of soft dorsal. 

Membrane of dorsal fin not incised, spines slender, low, the highest 
contained about 3% in head; longest ray 24. First anal spine minute, 
concealed in the thick membrance, more distinct in younger individ- 
uals, the third spine 34 in head; longest ray 34. Caudal, truncated 
or slightly rounded posteriorly, 13 in head. Pectoral large, the upper 
rays slightly longer than caudal fin. Ventrals very small, without 
filaments, 24 in head. 

Color in spirits dark bluish green, a black band running from snout 
to end of dorsal fin, a lighter dusky band from snout to base of caudal, 
a short light yellowish band along side on a level with lower part of 
base of pectoral; scale of dark parts with darker spots, of light parts 
with lighter spots; dorsal and anal with a blackish band along bases, 
middle of caudal brownish black, pectoral broadly tipped with black, 
a small black spot on upper part of its base. 


he el pe, aero 


> 


NO. 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 647 


Color in life; upper half of body dark green with brick-red reticu- 
lations, lower part indigo, a flesh-colored band extending backward 
from lower part of pectoral; head light greenish olive; caudal green- 
ish blue with large, blackish, brick-red blotch; pectoral bluish with 
the tip washed with blackish; with flesh-colored spot at base; ventrals 
indigo. Described from a specimen about 200 millimeters long from 
Nagasaki. 

This most beautiful little fish is common in rock pools off the head- 
lands of Japan. We have many specimens from Tokyo, Misaki, and 
Nagasaki. 

(Cupido, the god of Love.) 


36. THALASSOMA LUTESCENS (Solander). 


? Labrus lunaris Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 283, India; 12th ed., p. 474, and 
of the copyists. 

? Julis lunaris Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 409; Mas- 
suah, Siam.—Ricwarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 260; Canton.—BLerKeEr, 
Atlas Ichth., p. 90, pl. xxxmu, fig. 5, ete.—Gtntuer, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, 
p. 180; Mozambique, Ceylon, Amboyna, Moluccas, Hongkong, Celebes.— 
? Day, Fish India, 1885, p. 403; Andamans. 

? Scarus gallus ForsKAL, Decr. Anim., 1775, p. 26; Red Sea. 

? Labrus zeylanicus (Forster) Pennant, Indian Zoology, 1790, p. 56, pl. xv1; 
Ceylon. 

Labrus viridis Buocn, Ichthyologia, V, 1785, p. 129, pl. ccLxxxm; Japan.— 
ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 246.—LackpEprE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 
1801, pp. 354, 520, after Bloch. (Not Labrus viridis of Linneeus. ) 

Julis viridis CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 420: Bourbon 
Island. 

2 Julis porphyrocephala BENNETT, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., II, 1830, p. 183. 

? Julis hardwickei Gray, Ind. Zool. Pise., 1830, pl. rx, fig. 1; India. 

? Julis meniscus CuvieR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 415; Sey- 
chellas, Macao. 

Julis mertensi CUVIER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 421; Ulea. 

Labrus lutescens SOLANDER Ms.; Tahiti. 

Julis lutescens Bennetr, Zool. Beechey’s Voy. Blossom, Fishes, 1839, p. 65, pl. 
x1Xx, fig. 2; Tahiti, Riukiu: after Solander.—Brevoort, Exped. Japan, Fishes, 
1856, p. 271, pl. vin, figs. 3, 4; Nafa, Okinawa Island. 

? Julis celebicus BLEEKER, Celebes, VIII, 1855, p. 313; Celebes. 

Head 3% inlength; depth 33; depth of caudal peduncle 63; eye 54 in 
head; interorbital space 4; snout 23; D. VIII, 13; A. III, 11; scales 
in lateral series 24; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 2; 
between lateral line and insertion of anal 8. 

Body compressed, caudal peduncle deep, dorsal outline evenly 
curved. Teeth in a single row, canine-like in front, growing succes- 
sively short posteriorly; no posterior canines. Preopercle smooth; 
opercle with a small rounded flap. Gill rakers on first arch 5+10, 
short, slender, pointed. 

Head naked, dorsal and anal with a very narrow sheath, scales on 
nape and breast not greatly reduced in size. Lateral line complete, 
abruptly bent downward below base of soft dorsal. Membrane of 


: oy 
648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIY. 


dorsal not incised, spines rather strong, the longest contained 34 times 
in head; longest ray 23. First anal ray short, very slender, closely 
apposed to second and hidden beneath the membrane, the third spine 
3% in head, longest ray 23. Caudal truncate, the upper and lower 
rays filamentous, middle rays 14 in head. Upper rays of pectoral 
somewhat longer than caudal. Anal short. 

In spirits the body is light brownish yellow, head bluish white with 
darker bands; dorsal with a dark spot on membrane following first and 
second spines, dorsal and anal with a basal band of brownish; pec- 
toral with a large, elongate, brownish spot extending from tip down- 
ward toward middle of lower rays, a small black spot on upper edge 
of axil; a trace of two oblique green bands below the pectoral fin. 

Of this species we have a single specimen from Nafa in Okinawa. 
It agrees fairly with the original figures of Labrus viridis and the two 
figures of Julis lutescens, that of Bloch and that of Brevoort being 
drawn from specimens presumably taken at Nafa, the capital of the 
Riukiu Islands or Okinawa province. These figures have been placed 
in the synonymy of the widely diffused 7halassoma lunare, but our 
specimen does not correspond to accounts of that species and it is 
certain that widely different forms (as Zhalassoma duperreyi and verti- 
cale) have been included under the name of /unaris. The name Labrus 
viridis being preoccupied, we adopt the next name in point of date of 
which we feel sure. 

(lutescens, growing yellow.) 


37. THALASSOMA DORSALE (Quoy and Gaimard). 


Julis dorsalis Quoy and Gaimarp, Voy. Astrolabe, Poiss., 1834, p. 713, pl. xv, 
fig. 5; Ile de France.—Cuvrer and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, 
p. 449; Ile de France.—BiLerKker, Amboyna, IJ, p. 564, Amboyna; Alt. 
Ichth., 1862, p. 94, pl. xxx1v, fig. 4; Java, Sumatra, Bawean, Celebes, Flores, 
Amboyna, Banda, New Guinea, ete.—Gitnrner, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 190; 
Philippines, Hongkong, Aneitum, Fiji, Ceylon, Mozambique.—IsHikawa, 
Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 28; Riukiu Islands. 

Sparus hardwickei Bennett, Fishes of Ceylon, 1837-1841, pl. x1; Ceylon (not 
Julis hardwickei Gray ). 

Julis semifasciatus Cuv1ER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 448; Ile 
de France. 

Julis wrostigma BLEEKER, Sumatra, II, p. 287; Sumatra. 


D. VIII, 18; A. III, 11; scales in lateral line 29; in transverse 
series 3 + 9. 

The height of the body equals the length of the head, and is rather 
more than one-fourth of the total. Caudal with the lobes more or less 
produced; ventral pointed. Back with six black crossbars, which 
sometimes extend on the dorsal fin; generally a black longitudinal 
band on the dorsal; a red band along the side of the tail; head with 
broad red bands radiating from the eye; anal fin with a more or less 


No.1266. [LABROID FiSHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 649 


distinct black spot anteriorly, without longitudinal band; a black spot 
superiorly in the axil (Giinther). No distinct black blotch on tip of 
pectoral. 

Of this species a single specimen is in the Inperial Museum of 
Tokyo, from the Riukiu Islands. 

(dorsalis, pertaining to the back.) 


2IAGOMPEHOSUS-Lacéepede: 
Gomphosus LackrEpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 100 (cxruleus). 


Body rather elongate, compressed, covered with moderate-sized 
scales, 25 to 30 in the lateral line; lateral line not interrupted; head 
scaleless; snout abruptly produced, a long tube, which bears the rather 
long jaws at the end; canines small; no posterior canine; gill mem- 
branes attached to the isthmus; fin rays; Dorsal VIII, 13; Anal IIT or 
II, 11. Small fishes of brilliant colors, allied to Zhalassoma, but dis- 
tinguished from all other Labr7dw by the prolonged snout. East India 
and Polynesia. 

(voudos, a nail.) 

a. Color deep blue or bluish green with a yellow bar behind pectoral. tricolor, 38, 
aa. Color gray with black spots, anteriorly rosy, posteriorly blackish; no blue any- 
og TC a Peco len Sy gees eR nes Oe ge ee Pc iS e.o Sci cigs kere varius, 39. 


38. GOMPHOSUS TRICOLOR (Quoy and Gaimard). 


- Gomphosus tricolor Quoy and Gartmarpb, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 1824, p. 280, pl. Lv, 
fig. 2; Maui (Sandwich Islands).—BLEeKxer, Act. Soc. Indo-Nederl., I, 
Manado and Macassar, p. 54; Manado (Celebes); Atlas Icth., 1862, p. 85, 
pl. xxt, fig. 6; Celebes, Sumatra, Amboyna. 

Gomphosus cepedianus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIV, 1839, p. 
19; Maui (after Quoy’s types), Tahiti, Carolines. 

Head 2? in length; depth 3f; depth of caudal peduncle 94; eye 94 
in head; interorbital space 6$; snout 14; D. VIII, 13; A. III, 11; 
scales in lateral series 25; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 
3; between lateral line and insertion of anal 8. 

Snout notably long and pointed, the jaws greatly produced and very 
protractile; mouth wide, the cleft 35 in head. Teeth in a single row, 
minute, blunt, and close set posteriorly, appearing like a serrated ridge, 
longer anteriorly, the ones at tips of jaws canine-like; no posterior 
canines. Preopercle smooth. Gill membranes forming a narrow fold 
across isthmus. Gill rakers on first arch 84-16, short, pointed. 

Head naked, dorsal fin with a slight sheath, scales of nape and 
breast small but not notably reduced. Lateral line abruptly bent 
downward below soft dorsal fin. 

Membrane of dorsal not incised, spines short, the longest about 
equal to diameter of eye, rays about twice as long. First anal spine 
very minute, often completely hidden in the membrane, third spine 


650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. xx1v. 


slightly longer than diameter of eye, the rays somewhat higher than 
those of the dorsal. Caudal truncate or slightly concave, 24+ in head. 
Pectoral 24+ in head. Ventrals small. Described from a specimen 
about 225 aiaiinaatens long. 

Color in life, from specimens collected at Honolulu, Hawaii, indigo 
blue with a greenish shade, becoming distinctly green on back and 
belly; edge of each scale dull violet, the violet shades continuous on 
belly, restricted on back to a brownish-red spot on each scale, the 
form and shade of the violet markings varying considerably. Head 
green above, deep blue on cheek and opercles, light blue on jaws, 
indigo-blue throat, elsewhere with varying shades of greenish and 
dark purple, light red streaks radiating fromeye. A bright, yellowish- 
green bar behind gill-opening covering basal fourth of pecto ‘al/fins a 
jet black spot on base of first rays of pectoral; dorsal reddish brown at 
base, then bright blue, the upper part golden green; the anal similar 
to dorsal; caudal bright bluish green, its scaly base dull violet; ven- 
trals dull blue, outer rays black; pectoral golden green at base, other- 
wise pale violet washed with blackish above; iris green with a scarlet 
ring. 

Of this species we have two large specimens from Nafa, in Okinawa. 
We can not see that they differ from others from Hawaii. The species 
is very widely distributed and in life it is brilliantly colored. 

(tricolor, three-colored.) 


39. GOMPHOSUS VARIUS Lacepede. 


?Gomphosus varius LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1801, p. 104, pl. v, fig. 2; Tle 
de France (described as variegated with red, blue, and golden).—GwtnrTHEr, 
Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 193; Aneitum, Tahiti.—Isnrxawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, 
p. 28; Miyakoshima, Riukiu Islands. 

Gomphosus pectoralis Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 1824, p. 282; Maui 
(Hawaii).—Day, Fish. India, about 1885, p. 406, pl. Lxxxvt, fig. 6; Anda- 
mans.—BeEnnett, Fish. Ceylon, 1830, p. 3, pl. m1; Ceylon (anal with a yel- 
lowish cross-band ). 

Gomphosus fuscus CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIV, 1839, p. 23; 
Maui.—Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 272; Riukiu. 

Gomphosus melanotus BLEEKER, Kokos, p. 457; Kokos; Atlas Ichth., I, 1862, p. 87, 
pl. xxi, fig. 3- Kokos, Java.—GtintHer, Cat. Fish., 1V, 1862, p. 193; East 
Indies. 

Head 23 in length; depth 3%; depth of caudal peduncle 24; eye 6% 
in head; snout 14%; interorbital space. 64; D. VIII, 13; A. III, 11; 
scales in lateral series 25; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 
3; between lateral line and insertion of anal 8 

This species is very like G. tricolor except in coloration, it having 
none of the brilliant hues of that species. 

Color gray, or grayish brown, the lower anterior parts suffused with 
rose color, the body growing almost black posteriorly; scales of upper 
parts, each with a brownish-black bar, represented on sides of belly by 


NO. 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 651 


a round or elongate spot; 2 dark bands radiating from posterior part 
of orbit, an indistinct bar extending forward from eye; dorsal dark 
like back, very narrowly edged with white; anal dark with a round, 
white spot between each ray, the spots growing smaller posteriorly, 
fin narrowly edged with white; caudal black with a white edge about 
as wide as diameter of pupil; pectoral plain, a small spot on upper 
edge of axil; outer rays of ventrals blackish. 

Of this species we have examined one specimen in the Imperial 
Fisheries Institute of Japan, taken at Kagoshima in Kiusiu. It occurs 
in Riukiu and we have many specimens from the Hawaiian Islands. 

(varius, varied.) 


22. CIRRHILABRUS Schlegel. 


Cirrhilabrus SCHLEGEL Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 167 (temmincki). 
Cheilinoides BLEEKER, Natuurk. Nederl. Ind., II, 1851, p. 71 (eyanopleura). 
Body compressed, oblong, covered with large scales, 20 to 25 in the 
lateral line; lateral line interrupted; forehead not elevated nor trun- 
chant; cheeks and opercles with imbricated scales; preopercle serrated; 
teeth in one series, with canines anteriorly; no posterior canine. D, 
XI, 9; A. UI, 9. Ventrals much produced (Cirrhilabrus) or short 
( Chetlinoides). 
Small fishes, brilliantly colored, of the East Indian seas. 
(cirrus, a filament; dabrus,; from the long ventrals.) 


40. CIRRHILABRUS TEMMINCKI (Bleeker). 


Cirrhilabrus SCHLEGEL Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 167; Nagasaki. 
Cirrhilabrus temmincki BLreKer, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXV, Japan, 1852, p. 17; 
Nagasaki.—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish., [V, 1862, p. 124, after Schlegel. 

Head 33 in length; depth 3; depth of caudal peduncle 2; eye 4$ in 
head; snout 32; interorbital space 34; D. XI, 9; A. III, 9; scales in 
lateral series 23; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 2; between 
lateral line and insertion of anal 7; 2 rows on cheek. 

Body notably compressed; the caudal peduncle short and deep; fore- 
head low, broad, the interorbital area slightly convex; dorsal outline 
somewhat elevated above pectorals. Snout short, sharp, jaws equal, 
lips very thin. Teeth ina single row laterally, very small; an outer row 
represented by 6 strong canines on the upper jaw and 2 on the lower; 
of the upper canines the middle pair are smallest and project forward, 
the others are larger, fang-like, and strongly curved backward; no 
posterior canines present. Gill-rakers short, pointed. Edge of pre- 
opercle finely serrated. Scales on opercle large, imbricate; on body 
large, those on breast not greatly reduced; a row of very large pointed 
scales forming a basal sheath on dorsal and anal; caudal with a 
conspicuous basal sheath, the 3 posterior scales elongate and greatly 
enlarged, a slender, pointed scale above base of ventral. Lateral 


652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


line incomplete, extending along upper part of body, parallel with 
back, ending below base of sixth or seventh dorsal ray, beginning 
again on the third row of scales below and extending along middle of 
caudal peduncle. Membrane of dorsal not incised, spines slender, the 
longest 24 in head. Posterior rays longest, 1; in head. First anal 
spine short, not concealed, the third contained 4 times in head, last 
rays slightly longer than those of dorsal. Caudal rounded posteriorly, 
somewhat shorter than head. Pectorals about 14 in head. Ventrals 
faleate, extremely long, reaching beyond posterier end of anal base. 
Color in spirits brownish, each scale with a lighter edging, a yel- 
lowish white area extending from snout above lateral line to base of 
caudal fin, a narrow branch of same extending from snout below eye 
to edge of opercle, a narrow median band of the body color from 
snout to origin of spinous dorsal; an indistinct, narrow, zigzag band 
with a round, pearly white spot on each angle, along middle of pos- 


Fig. 10.—CIRRHILABRUS TEMMINCKI. 


terior half of body; a longitudinal dark band on dorsal and anal at 
outer edge of basal sheath, a subterminal black line along edges of 
fins; caudal dusky with vertical, wavy bands of pale pearly white; an 
indistinct dusky blotch at base of pectoral. : 

A male specimen about 100 millimeters long is described above. 
The coloration of the females is plainer, a row of small pearly spots 
extending along body above lateral line, the lower parts of body light; 
dorsal and anal with dark band present, though not conspicuous, the 
subterminal line absent, caudal plain, the pectoral with a very indis- 
tinct dusky blotch at base. The ventrals are filamentous, though not 
reaching anal opening. 

Color in life.—Back crimson in males, side of head crimson except 
a pearly area behind eye, lower half of body abruptly pearly blue, 
middle of breast deep blue, belly grayish. Dorsal and anal crimson, 
the base blackish blue; caudal blue, pectoral pale grayish, ventral 
bluish gray, base of ventral with a bluish cross streak. 

This surpassingly beautiful little fish is rather rare about rocky 


no. 1266. -LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 653 


headlands in Japan. Our specimens, six in number, are from Waka- 
noura. The very long ventrals at once distinguish it from all other 
Japanese labroids. 

(Named for Prof. C. J. Temminck, of Leyden.) 


23. CHEILINUS Lacépéde. 
Cheilinus LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 529 (trilobatus). 
Urichthys Swatnson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 224 (dunulatus). 
Crassilabrus Swarnson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 225 (undulatus). 
Thalliurus Swatnson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 230 (blochi-chlorurus). 
Oxycheilinus GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 143 (arendtus). 

Body oblong, compressed, covered with large scales, 20 to 25 in 
lateral line; lateral line interrupted; cheeks with two series of large 
scales; opercles scaly; preopercle entire; teeth in one series. two 
canines in front of each jaw, not bent backward nor outward; no 
posterior canine; lower jaw not produced backward; lips thick; dorsal 
spines subequal. Dorsal LX, 10 (rarely X, 9); anal II], 8. Fishes of 
Polynesia and the East Indies, usually brightly colored, the shades 
chiefly red and green. 

(xeiXos, lip.) 


41. CHEILINUS OXYRHYNCHUS Bleeker. 
MOCHINOUWO (RICE-BALL-FISH). 


Cheilinus oxyrhynchus BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., 1862, p. 73, pl. xxvii, fig. 2; 


Celebes, Amboyna, Batjan.—GtnrHer, Cat. Fish., [V, 1862, p. 133; East 


Indies. 
Cheilinus sp., No. 514 (Mochinouwo) Isnixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 29; Riukiu 
Archipelago. 


Head 13 in length; depth 32; depth of caudal peduncle 7; eye 5 in 
head; interorbital space 54; snout 22; D. TX, 10; A. III, 8; scales in 
lateral series 20; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 2; be- 
tween lateral line and insertion of anal 6; 2 rows on cheek. 

Body compressed, caudal peduncle deep; head large, pointed; contour 
from snout to dorsal almost straight; snout large, mouth wide; lower 
jaw slightly projecting, lips thick, maxillary broad and heavy. Teeth 
in a single row, large, obtusely pointed, 2 strong, straight, widely 
separated canines in each jaw, 2 or 3 rudimentary canines between the 
upper pair, no posterior canines. Edge of preopercle serrate. — Gill- 
rakers on first arch 5+8, long, compressed, pointed, widely spaced. 
Scales of body large, not reduced in size on nape and breast; a narrow 
basal shield of pointed scales on base of caudal enlarged; imbricate 
scales on opercle. Lateral line interrupted, extending in a straight 
line to a point below end of base of caudal, beginning again on the 
second row of scales below, 3 scales in advance of where it ended, and 
extending along middle of caudal peduncle. Dorsal spines rather 
strong, growing larger posteriorly, the longest 32 in head, longest ray 
8 in head. First anal spine large, close to the second, the third longest, 


654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


parent, notched between the spines. Caudal rounded, its length 13 in 
head. Ventrals reaching half-way between their base and insertion of 
anal. Upper rays of pectoral longest, 24 in head. 

Color in spirits plain throughout, except a small brownish blotch 
at base of anterior part of spinous dorsal and across basal half of 
ventrals. 

According to Giinther and Bleeker the body is yellowish olive, the 
snout unmarked, reticulated brown lines on hinder half of head, on 
body, and on soft parts of vertical fins; subopercle covered by several 
brown lines; two irregular blackish blotches on tail; dorsal with a 
blackish spot between first and second spines. 

Of this species we have an example, very badly faded, from the 
Riukiu Islands, one of three numbered 514 in the Imperial Museum at 
Tokyo. Only the dark spot on front of dorsal and a dark shade across 
ventrals remain of its original coloration. It agrees in form with 
oxryrhynchus of Bleeker, and without much doubt belongs to that 
species. 

(o§us, sharp; pvyyvs, snout). 


24.) UNTLS TiO SiG: 


Iniistius Git, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 148 (pavo). 
NXyrichthys BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., 1862, p. 149 (pavo), not of Cuvier. 


Body compressed, oblong, covered with large thin scales, about 26 
in the lateral line; head scaleless or very nearly so; head short and 
deep, the upper and anterior outline compressed to a sharp edge; pro- 
file almost vertical; eye small, placed high. Dorsal spines 9; the fin 
rays, D. Il, 7,12; A. IL], 12; first two dorsal spines detached from the 
others and inserted on or close behind the occiput; lateral line inter- 
rupted, extending on the second row of large scales below the dorsal 
sheath; canines 2 in front of each jaw; no posterior canines. This 
genus contains some 5 or 6 species, chiefly of the western Pacific. 
They are similar in most respects to the species of yrichthys, difter- 
ing chiefly in having the two anterior spines of the dorsal fin produced, 
separated from the others, and placed as a separate fin on the nape. 

(zviov, nape; toriov, sail; in allusion to the first dorsal fin on the 
nape.) 

42. INIISTIUS DEA (Schlegel). 


TEISU (HUSBAND); CHIDAI (BROAD PERCH); BENI KUSABE (RED 
WEDGE FISH). 


Xyrichthys dea ScHurGeEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 171, pl. uxxxvil; 
Nagasaki. 

Novacula dea BureKer, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., III, Japan. IV, p. 20; 
Nagasaki.—GitnrueEr, Cat. Fish., 1V, 1862, p. 175; Nagasaki.—STEINDACH- 
NER, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 20; Tokyo, Kochi.—Karoui, Prodr. Pise. 


3 in head, rays slightly longer; fin membranes very thin and trans- 


ed fae Ramee Br 


NO. 1266, LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 655 


Asie. Orient., 1882, p. 29; Yokohama.—Isurkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 28; 
Boshu. 
Tniistius dea JoRDAN and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 88; Yokohama. 
NXyrichthys puniceus RicHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 261; Canton. 

Head 3% in length; depth 23; depth of caudal peduncle 14; eye 6% 
in head; interorbital space 54; snout measured from eye to tip of jaw 
1%; D. I, VU, 12; A. II, 11; scales in lateral series 23; between lat- 
eral line and dorsal fin 2; between lateral line and insertion of anal 10. 

Body deep, compressed, caudal peduncle deep, dorsal contour ele- 
vated, anterior profile almost vertical, ventral contour evenly and 
gently curved. Eye small, high in head, near occiput, the suborbital 
area very broad, a narrow, cutaneous flap above and below eye. Snout 
blunt with asharp ridge anteriorly. Mouth horizontal, a shallow fur- 
row extending backward from the angle, lower lip narrow, thin, pend- 
ent, jaws equal. Teeth in asingle row in each jaw, short, pointed, not 
coalesced at bases, 2 strong, curved canines at tip of each jaw, no pos- 
terior canines. Preopercle entire; opercle with a broad flap.  Gill- 
rakers on first arch 6+10, those near ends very small; the middle 
ones rather thick, pointed. Head naked, scales slightly smaller on 
breast, not reduced in size on nape, dorsal and anal without basal 
sheath, small scales on base of caudal fin. Lateral line sharply curved 
anteriorly, interrupted below base of anal fin. Two anterior spines 
of dorsal united together by an incised membrane, separated in the 
following ones by an interspace, the first spine filimentous, somewhat 
higher than length of head; spines slender, 10 to 12 in second series, 
about 24 in head. Anal spines very slender, the rays a little shorter 
than those of the dorsal. Caudal rounded, 1} in head. Outer rays 
of ventrals filimentous, reaching a little beyond first anal spine. 

Color in spirits, yellowish, dusky along back; pearly white spots or 
blotches on 1 or 2 rows of scales below base of dorsal; a deep black 
spot on the scale above the sixth or seventh one of the lateral line; 
dorsal tin with bluish or dusky reticulations; anal with a pearly blue 
band along the base and an indistinct dusky line along the middle; 
caudal with 3 faint vertical stripes; pectorals and ventrals with traces 
of pearly blue. 

Color in life: Crimson, middle line of head bright sky blue, black 
spot of side bordered with blue; dorsal violet with crimson edges, anal 
blue at base, the outer parts dull orange, caudal crimson, pectorals 
pink, ventrals dull red. 

Here described from specimens about 250 millimeters long. 

This large and beautiful species is rather common in southern 
Japan, occurring about rocks. Our specimens are from Tokio, Misaki, 
Wakanoura, and Nagasaki. 

The two sexes are similar in color, but in one male specimen the lat- 
eral spot is obsolete. 


(Dea, a goddess.) 


. 


656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


Family II. SCARID A. 
THE PARROT FISHES. 


Body oblong, moderately compressed, covered with large cycloid 
scales as in the Labride. Mouth moderate, terminal. Teeth in the 
jaws more or less coalescent, at least at base; lower pharyngeals much 
enlarged, united in a concave or spoon-shaped body, their teeth broad- 
est transversely and truncate, arranged in mosaic; dorsal continuous, 
its formula usually CX, 10; anal rays Il, 9; 23 to 25 scales in the lat- 
eral line; vertebre about 11+14=25. Sexes similarly colored, the 
coloration almost always brilliant; fin rays essentially the same 
throughout the group, the squamation varying little except on the 
head. Species of the tropical seas, especially abundant about coral 
reefs. Herbivorous fishes, often of large size, not valued as food, the 
flesh being soft and pasty. The species in the various genera are very 
closely related, being distinguished chiefly by the coloration and the 
dentition, both series of characters being highly specialized. We begin 
the group with the most generalized genus, the one nearest the Labroid 
ancestors of the Scaride. 

SPARISOMATIN B®: 

a. Lower pharyngeal broader than long, flattish or basin-shaped; gill membranes 
broadly joined to the isthmus, not forming a fold across it; lateral line sub- 
continuous; scales about head few and large, those on the cheek in 1 row; 
lower jaw projecting; teeth whitish or rosy. 

. Dorsal spines flexible; teeth more or less distinct, at least anteriorly. 
c. Teeth in each jaw in 3 or 4 series, all imbricated in quincunx order on the 
dental plate, to which they are adnate by the posterior face; cutting edge 
of cach jaw formed Sby: teethiss a. ee se eee eee eee Calotomus, 25. 
SCARINE: 

aa. Lower pharyngeal spoon-shaped, much longer than broad; teeth of jaws fully 
coalesced, each jaw divided by a distinct median suture; gill membranes 
forming a fold across the isthmus; dorsal spines flexible; lateral line inter- 
rupted behind, beginning again lower down on the peduncle of the tail; 

scales about head rather numerous, those on cheeks in 2 or more series. 
Scarus, 26. 


25. CALOTOMUS Gilbert. 
Calotomus GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1890, p. 70 (xenodon). 


Teeth distinct, equal, imbricated in regular oblique rows in both 
jaws, wholly concealing the dental plates, to the anterior edge of which 
they are affixed. Cutting edge of each jaw formed by the outer teeth, 
the dental plate not reaching the edge, and visible only from within. 
Lips double for a short distance only. Scales of cheek in one row; 
lateral line continuous; bases of dorsal and anal with scaly sheaths; 
dorsal spines 9, soft and flexible; gill membranes broadly joined to the 
isthmus. Large species of the Pacific, allied to Cryptotomus (Callyo- 


pit 
‘ 


LA Fives 


ripe tke v2 


no.1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. Gent 


don Cuvier and Valenciennes, not Calliodon Bloch and Schneider), but 
differing in the arrangement of the teeth. 
*p , . 
(kalos, beautiful; tojos, cutting.) 


43- CALOTOMUS JAPONICUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 
BUDAI; IGAMI. 


Callyodon japonicus Cuvipr and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIV, 1839, p. 294, pl. 
eccecv1; Japan, Coll. Langsdorff.—Scnuiecet, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, 
p- 174, pl. Lteccrx, Nagasaki.—BLEeEKer, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXVI, Nalez, 
Japan, p. 115; Nagasaki.—Gtnrner, Cat. Fish., 1V, 1862, p. 215; Nagasaki.— 
Karout, Prodr. Pisce. As. Or., 1882, p. 29; Yokohoma, Kobe.—SrrminpacHNER 
and DépeRLEIN, Fische Japans., IV, 1887, p. 21: Tokyo.—Isurkawa, Prel. 
Cat., 1897, p. 28; Tokyo, Osaki, Riukiu Islands. 

Callyodon rubiginosus Cuvier, Régne Anim. II]. Poiss., pl. xct, fig. 2. 


Head 33 in length; depth 23; depth of caudal peduncle 7; eye 43; 
snout 23; interorbital space 33; D. IX +10; A. III, 9; scales in lat- 
eral series 21; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 2; between 
lateral line and insertion of anal 6. 

Body deep, heavy; caudal peduncle narrow, subeylindrical. Head 
short, rather blunt, interorbital space convex or flattish; jaws equal: 
lips double posteriorly. Teeth about equal in size, separate, the tips — 
and edges free, those in anterior half of jaws arranged in series of 
oblique rows, 4 or 5 in a row; upper jaws with 3 or 4 large, curved, 
conical teeth just posterior to the oblique rows; posterior half of jaws 
with a single row of teéth, those above very small, those below as 
large as the front teeth. Gill-rakers on first arch 10 or 12, rather 
stumpy, pointed. Angle of preopercle with a large thin flap. Oper- 
cle with a large soft flap. Scales on cheeks in a single row of 4, those 
on opercle large; 4 scales deeply notched posteriorly, between occiput 
and first dorsal spine, a row of narrow scales forming a sheath along 
base of dorsal, very large scales on base of caudal. Lateral line com- 
plete, abruptly bend downwards below base of soft dorsal. Dorsal 
spines high, slender, with soft tips, the longest 24 in head, longest ray 
1g. Anal spines weak, longest ray 24+ in head. Caudal rounded, 14 
in head. Ventrals reaching half way between their base and first anal 
ray. Pectoral 1} in head. 

Color olive-brown, belly olive-green and brick-red, chin plain or 
clouded with vitriol-green, the amount of red and green extremely 
variable. In spirits the bright colors nearly all disappear. 

This species is rather common in Japan and reaches a considerable 
size. It is subject to considerable variation in color, especially in the 
amount of reddish and greenish shading. It lives in rocky places in 
shallow water and was taken by us at Tokyo, Yokohama, Misaki, 
Wakanoura, and Nagasaki. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——42 


658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


26. SCARUS ForskaAal. 


Callyodon Groxow, Museum Ichthyol., II, 1764, p. 8 (croicensis), nonbinomial. 

Scarus Forskit, Descr. Animal, ete., in Orient Obsery., 1775, p. 25 (psittacus, 
ete. ); not of Gronow, 1764, which (nonbinomial) = Labrus Linneeus. 

Calliodon BLocn and SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801, p. 312 (lineatus = croicensis) . 

FHemistoma Swatxson, Class’n Fishes, ete., 11,1839, p. 226 (reticulatus Swainson = 
pepo Bennett) (= Scarus). 

Petronason Sw Atxson, Class’n Fishes, etc., 11, 1839, p. 226 (psittacus) (= Scarus). 

Erychthys Swainson, Class’n Fishes, etc., II, 1839, p. 226 (croicensis). 


Chlorurus Swaryson, Class’n Fishes, etc., II, 1839, p. 227 (gibbus) (= Scarus). 


Callyodon Gronow, Systema, Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 83 (/imeatus, ete.). 

Pseudoscarus BLEEKER, Vet. Acad. Wet. Amst. Scar., XII, 1861, p. 3 (microrhinos) 
(teeth blue; posterior canine present). 

Scarus JORDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 938 (psittacus). 

Calliodon JORDAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1886, p. 591 (croicensis) . 

Lovo JoRDAN and Evermann, Check List, Fish North A m., 1896, p. 418, (qguacamaia) 
(teeth blue; no posterior canines). 


Lower pharyngeals spoon-shaped, ovate-oblong, transversely con- 
cave; teeth in each jaw fully coalescent, appearing as tessellations on 
the surface; jaws with distinct median suture; the edges of jaw even, 
the teeth whitish, rosy, or green in color. Upper pharyngeals each 
with 2 rows of teeth; gill membranes scarcely united to the narrow 
isthmus, across which they form «a broad fold; dorsal spines flexible, 
scarcely different from the soft rays; upper lip laterally double, the 
interior fold becoming very narrow or obsolete mesially; lower jaw 
included in the closed mouth; lateral line interrupted posteriorly, 
beginning again on the next series of scales below; tubes of lateral 
line scarcely branched; scales on cheek in 2 to 4 rows; scales in front 
of dorsal on median line 6 to 8. Dorsal rays IX, 10; anal II], 9 in 
all species; scales $-24-6. Body robust. Species very numerous, 
mostly of large size, found in nearly all tropical seas. 

This group naturally divides into two subgenera, Scarus, with pale 
teeth, and Pseudoscarus, with the teeth specialized and deep blue in 
color. Each group may be further divided as to the presence or 
absence of posterior canines, although these structures are often lost 
in the species normally possessing them. 

(oxapos, Scarus, ancient name of Sparisoma cretense, said by 
Rondelet to be from oxazper, to pasture.) 


a. Teeth whitish or rosy gray. 
b. Scarus. Upper jaw with one or two posterior canines. 
c. Head with yellow streaks; a black ocellus at base of 4th dorsal spine; scales 
of side with white dots; fins with yellow streaks or markings; checks with 
23 series of scales x. 2... 2532486 Jas See ee eee eee globiceps, 44. 
aa. Teeth deep blue. 

d. Loro. Upper jaw without canines; color dark gray; the fins chiefly deep 
blue and blackish; checks with 2 series of scales.........--- ovifrons, 45. 


rv 


| 
| 


NO. 1266. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 659 


44. SCARUS GLOBICEPS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Scarus globiceps Cuviprr and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., XIV, 1839, p. 179; 
Tahiti.—Jenyns, Voyage Beagle. Fish., 1842, p. 106; Tahiti. 

Pseudoscarus globiceps GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 224; Tahiti.—Srempacu- 
NER and D6DERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 21; Oshima, near Misaki. 

This species is thus described by Giinther from a specimen from 
Tahiti: Two series on scales on the cheek and one or two scales on the 
lower opercular limb; the middle series composed of six scales. Upper 
lip broad with the inner portion well developed; jaws whitish; a strong 
pointed horizontal tooth at the corner of the upper jaw, and a pair of 
similar teeth at the corner of the lower. Teeth of moderate size. 
Dorsal spines subequal in length, stout, with the top flexible; caudal 
emarginate; fourteen pectoral rays. 

Greenish olive above, the lower parts of the head yellowish to an 
oblique line running from axil through the lower margin of the orbit 
and the upper lip. A curved yellow band passes from one eye across 
the snout to the other; short streaks radiate from the hinder and upper 
part of the orbit. * * * The dark colored portion of the head 
edged with yellow and dotted with whitish. Each scale of the body 
with four or five round whitish dots. A small black ocellus on the 
scale covering the base of the fourth dorsal spine. Dorsal fin yel- 
lowish, with two fine undulate violet lines, one along the base and 
the other near the margin; a series of acelli along the middle of the 
soft portion. Anal yellow, witha single line below the middle; caudal 
with a yellow, dark-edged band along each lobe; pectoral blackish at 
the root, and with an elongate-ovate dark spot on its upper half. 
(Giinther. ) 

This species, unknown to us, is described by Steindachner from the 
outlying volcanic island of Oshima (Vries Island) off Misaki and Izu. 

(globus, globe; ceps, head.) 


45. SCARUS OVIFRONS! Schlegel. 
AOBUDAI (BLUE SCARUS). 


Scarus ovifrons SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 173, pl. teccvi; Bay of Jeddo 
(Tokyo). 

Pseudoscarus ovifrons STEINDACHNER and DépERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, 
p. 21; Tokyo.—Isuixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 28; Tokyo. 

Pseudoscarus schlegeli STEINDACHNER, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 21; Tokyo. 


Head 34 in length; depth 28; depth of caudal peduncle 7; eye 9 in 
head; interorbital space 24; snout 2; D. LX, 10; A. III, 9; scales in 


'Karoli (Prodr. Pisce. As. Or., 1882, p. 29) records Scarus lacerta Cuvier and Valen- 
ciennes under the name of Pseudoscarus xruginosus, from Yokohama. This species 
is found in Formosa, but the Japanese locality is probably an error of identification, 
as are numerous others of the same author. 


660 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


lateral series 23; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 2; between 
lateral line and insertion of anal 7. 

Body robust, the caudal peduncle rather narrow; head large, a fatty 
hump on upper part of snout; interorbital area high, convex; eye very 
small; midway between tip of snout and edge of opercular flap. Teeth 
completely coalesced, the cutting edge slightly serrated, a median divi- 
sion separating the jaws; lips thick, not closing far over the téeth, leav- 
ing a large exposed beak. Giull-rakers small, slender, very numerous 
and close together like the teeth of acomb. Scales on cheek in 2 rows, 
those on opercle large, in about 2 rows; a row of narrow scales about 
half as large as those of body along base of dorsal and anal fins, caudal 
with large scales on the base. Dorsal spines rather slender, the mem- 


brane notably thickened, especially about the outer parts of the spines; - 


- 
} 


longest spine 2¢ in head; longest ray 23. Anal spines weak, their tips 


united in a thickened ridge of the membrane, the rays equal in height 
to those of the dorsal. Caudal truncate, the membrane thickened along 
the upper and lower edges, its length 1? in head. Pectoral equal to 
caudal in leneth. Ventrals extending two-thirds of distance between 
their bases and the vent, the membrane greatly thickened along the 
- outer edges. 

Color in alcohol, deep brownish olive; the scales broadly edged with 
a lighter shade which is largely blue in life. The teeth deep blue- 
green, growing whitish along the cutting edge; dorsal, caudal, and 


anal fins blackish, broadly edged with bright blue-green; pectorals ° 


plain blackish. 

Of this great blue Parrot fish one large specimen was taken by us, 
at Nagasaki. It is evidently the original of Schlegel’s figure, and 
Steindachner’s description accords with it in almost every detail. The 
upper lip does not, however, nearly cover the upper jaw. 

(ovis, sheep; rons, forehead.) 


RECAPITULATION. 
‘Family I. PoMAcENTRID®. 
1. Amphiprion Schneider. 


1. frenatus Brevoort; Nafa, Shimoda 
2. polymnus Linneeus. 
2. Chromis Cuvier. 
3. notatus (Schlegel); Tokyo, Misaki, Enoshima, Onomichi, Kobe, Wakanoura, 
Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Tsushima. 
> 


3. Pomacentrus Lacépede. 


4. violascens Bleeker; Yokohama. 
5. celestis Jordan and Starks; Wakanoura. 
6. tripunctatus Cuvier and Valenciennes; Shimoda. 


esheets a Seas 


no.1266. DLABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 661 


4. Chrysiptera Swainson. 


. melas (Kuhl and Van Hasselt). 
8. bonang (Bleeker); Misaki. 


“I 


5. Glyphisodon Lacépéde. 


9. savatilis (Linneeus); Misaki, Yogashima, Enoshima, Shimoda, Formosa. 
10. curacao (Bloch). 
11. sordidus (Forskal); Misaki, Formosa. 


Family II. Lasrrp. 

6. Cherops Ruppell. 
12. azurio Jordan and Snyder; Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Kobe, Hakata, 

Nagasaki, Formosa. | 

13. anchorago (Bloch). 

7. Lepidaplois Gill. 
14. axillaris (Bennett); Nafa. 
15. perditio (Quoy and Gaimard); Wakanoura. 

8. Verreo Jordan and Snyder. 

16. oxycephalus (Bleeker); Tokyo. 


9. Semicossyphus Ginther. 


17. reticulatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes); Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Onomichi, 
Hakata. 
10. Duymeria Bleeker. 
18. flagellifera (Cuvier and Valenciennes); Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Kobe, 
Nagasaki, Formosa. 


11. Pseudolabrus Bleeker. 


19. japonicus (Houttuyn); Tokyo, Misaki, Kobe, Hiroshima, Tsuruga, Hakata, 
Nagasaki, Tsushima. 
20. gracilis (Steindachner); Misaki, Nagasaki. 


12. Anampses Cuvier. 
21. geographicus Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


13. Stethojulis Giinther. 


2. psacas Jordan and Snyder; Nafta. 

3. strigiventer Bennett. 

24. terina Jordan and Snyder; Misaki, Boshu. 

25. trossula Jordan and Snyder; Misaki, Wakanoura. 
14. Hemigyinnus Ginther. 


26. melapterus (Bloch). 
27. fasciatus (Thunberg). 


15. Giintheria Bleeker. 


28. trimaculata (Quoy and Gaimard ). 


662 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


16. Halicheres Ruppell. 


29, pecilopterus (Schlegel); Aomori, Matsushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, 
Kobe, Onomichi, Hiroshima, Tsuruga, Nagasaki. 

30. bleekeri (Steindachner and Déderlein); Tokyo, Misaki, Kobe, Onomichi, Hiro- 
shima, Nagasaki. 

31. tremebundus Jordan and Snyder; Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Misaki, Wakanoura. 


17. Coris Lacépeéde. 
32. aygula Lacépéde; Wakanoura. 


18. Julis Cuvier. 
33. formosa (Bennett). 
19. Cheilio Lacépéde. 


34. inermis (Forskal); Nafa. 
20. Thalassoma Swainson. 


35. cupido (Schlegel); Tokyo, Misaki, Nagasaki. 
36. lutescens (Solander); Nata. 
7. dorsale (Quoy and Gaimard). 


21. Gomphosus Lacépéde. 


38. tricolor (Quoy and Gaimard); Nata. 
39. varius Lacépede; Kagoshima. 


22. Cirrhilabrus Schlegel. 
40. temmincki (Bleeker); Wakanoura. 
23. Cheilinus Lacépéde. 
41. oxyrhynchus Bleeker; Riukiu. 
24. Iniistius Gill. 
42. dea (Schlegel); Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Nagasaki. 
Family III. Scarip®. 
25. Calotomus Gilbert. 


43. japonicus (Cuvier and Valenciennes); Tokyo, Yokohama, Misaki, Wakanoura, | 
Nagasaki. 
26. Scarus Forskal. 


44. globiceps Cuvier and Valenciennes. 
45. ovifrons Schlegel; Nagasaki. 


LIST OF GENERIC TERMS PROPOSED FOR BIRDS DURING 
THE YEARS 1890 TO 1900, INCLUSIVE, TO WHICH ARE 
ADDED NAMES OMITTED BY WATERHOUSE IN HIS 
“INDEX GENERUM AVIUM.” 


By CHarues W. Ricnmonp, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Birds. 


Mr. F. H. Waterhouse’s Index Generum Avium, comprising a list 
of the generic and subgeneric terms proposed in the class Aves from 
the time of Linnzeus down to the summer of 1889, is a work of much 
value to the systematic ornithologist, and one of unusual accuracy — 
every reference, with a half dozen exceptions, having been verified by 
its author. 

The continued activity of workers in this branch of zoology during 
the past decade, both in the introduction of new names and the resur- 
rection of old and forgotten ones, has rendered necessary the publi- 
cation of a supplementary list. In compiling such a list the present 
writer has made use of a card catalogue’ now in course of preparation 
in the Division of Birds of the United States National Museum, which 
contains references to most of the genera and species described in 
recent years, as well as to many of earlier date. 

Out of about 675 names enumerated in the following pages 475 have 
been instituted as new since the appearance of the Index; the remainder 
consist of terms overlooked by Waterhouse, or used by him either 
without proper citation or as homonyms of other genera (e. @., /cu/us). 
No effort has been made to swell the list of names omitted in the Index, 
but the fact that nearly two hundred names” here given were used 


'This card catalogue was begun in 1889 and has been carried along more or less 
actively since 1895. It now contains over twenty thousand entries, and is intended 
eventually to contain a reference to every described avian genus and species, inciud- 
ing both living and fossil forms. In the case of species the type locality, collector, 
date, sex, and location of the type specimen are given; on generic cards are indicated 
the class of data followed in the ensuing list. 

*Not including terms based on ‘‘ bird tracks,’’ of which there are numbers, such 
as Amblonyx, Ancyropus, Argozoum, Batrachopus, Brontozoum, Calopus, Eubrontes, Fuli- 
copus, Grallator, Harpedactylus, Ornithopus, Palamopus, Platypterna, Plectropus, Sau- 
ropus, Sillimanius, Steropoides, Trizenopus, Tridentipes, and Typopus, all proposed by 
Hitcheock. 


PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIV—No. 1267. Ane 
JOD 


664 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


prior to 1889, and overlooked in that work, shows that much patient 
research remains to be done before a complete list of the generic names 
ot birds may be attempted. 

In order to enhance the usefulness of the present list the type spe- 
cies of each genus has been added, as well as various cross references 
of interest. The family in which each genus belongs is indicated, and, 
it is believed, the differentiation of fossil genera (by means of a +) 
will also prove of value. To facilitate the finding of genera in any 
particular family a list of genera arranged alphabetically under fami- 
lies has been appended. 

For various names and references, which would otherwise have been 
overlooked, the writer is under obligations to Drs. L. Stejneger, and 
T. S. Palmer, and Mr. H. C. Oberholser. 

Abbottornis RicumMonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIX, May 13, 1897, 
p- 692. 
New name for Leptopterus Bonaparte, 1854 ae Leptoptera 
Boisduval,:1849), 2. se =cut Sls pe ee ee eee [ Laniide. | 
Named for Dr. W. L. Abbott. 


Abeltera Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p.ooL. 
New name for Su/d@ Brisson, on grounds of purism. -_[ S7//de, | 
"ABédTEpos, silly, stupid. 
Abelterus Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 297. 
New name for /whucco Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
3 | Capitonide. | 
APéXrepos, silly, stupid. 


Acmonorhynchus Oates, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), I, 1890, p. 381. 


Type, Prionochilus vincens Sclater__-.-.---.------ | Dicwide. | 


4 . CoS, . 
Akpov, anvil; puyyxos, bill, beak. 


Actia Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 329. 
New name for Arguatella Baird, on grounds of purism. 
¥ | Scolopacide. | 
Ax«rttos, of the seashore. 
+Actiornis LyDEKKER, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 56. 
Type, Actiornis anglicus Lydekker_--_- .- -- [| Phalacrocoracide. | 
“Axtios, of the seashore; Oprvis, bird. 


Actophilus Onrrnotser, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, — 


p- 202, 
New name for Phyllopezus Sharpe, 1896 (not Phyllopezus Peters, 
TST Ves ao 8. eo ae -[Jacanide. | 


"Aktny, beach; ¢iéo, I love. 


a 
bd 
‘ 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 665 


Adelonetta HEINE, in Heine and Reichenow, ‘Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 346. 
New name for Punanetta Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
[| Anatide. | 
” Adnios, unknown, obscure; v7TTa, a duck. 
Aegialodes Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 327. 
New name for Gambetta Kaup, on grounds of purism. 
[ Scolopacide. | 
Aiyiahwodns, found on or near the shore. 
+ #gialornis LypEKKER, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 183. 
Type, Zgialornis gallicus Lydekker. | digialornithide. | 
Aiyiados, beach, seashore; Opvis, bird. 
Aerocharis GistEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. 1x. 
New name for Auryceros Lesson. | Prionopide. | 
"Anp, air; Yapls, grace. 
Aéronautes Harrert, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 459. 
Type, CO; UHESE aus melanoleucus Baird ._--_- ---- -- | Micropodide, | 
"Anp, air; vavtys, a sailor. 
Zthiopsar Suarre MS., Oates, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), I, Dec., 
1889, p. 539. 
Names “nustorauscus Wagler 525. .--2 2.225227. [| Sturnide. | 
(A subgenus of Acr idothere 28.) 
Aidioy, an Ethiop, a negro; sap, starling. 
Agriocharis CHapMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VIII, Dec. 11, 1896, 
p. 288. 
Type, Meleagris ocellata Cuvier -.-...---------- [| Phasianide. | 
“Ay pos, wild; yapis, grace. 
Agropsar Oates, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), 1, Dec., 1889, p. 530. 
ype; Gracula scum Pallass 2+ 225225805 252..: [ Sturnide. | 
"Ay pos, field; sap, starling. 
Aleatras Hermann, Tabula Affin. Anim., 1783,.p. 156, note; p. 235. 
Type, Alcatraz (Journ. de Physique, 1779, p. 475). 
| neerte sedis. | 
Alcatraz, a pelican or sea bird (Spanish). 
Alcidius Boucarp, Genera of Humming Birds (in Humming Bird, V, 
Pt; 3), Sept. 1895, p. 345. 
Type, Orthorhynchus estelle VOrbigny -- ~~ ---- -- | Zrochilide. | 
Named for Alcide Dessalines @Orbigny. 
Aleator GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. x 
New mame for Pogonas Meer ta.) #2 2252 =. [| Capitonide. | 
Alector GLocrer, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 384. 
Newouame tor Gallus Brssone. 2. 2222-2 = 2-- [| Phasianide. | 


666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


Alectromorphnus Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 271. ° 
New name for Buteogallus Lesson, on grounds of purism. 
| Falconide. | 
"ANextpvev, a cock; “opdvos, dark, like an eagle, hence an eagle. 
Allenia Cory, Auk, VIII, Jan., 1891, p. 42. 
Type, Zurdus montanus Lafresnaye ---. -----.----- | Mimidee. | 
Named for Dr. J. A. Allen. 
Allocotops SHARPE, Ibis, ser. 5, VI, Oct., 1888, p. 389. 
Type, Allocotops caluus Sharpe ------2---------- | Zimaliide. | 
"AANOKOTOS, unusual; @y>, face. 
Alopeceenas Frnscu MS., SHarpr, Hand-list of Birds, I, 1899, p. 90. 
Type, Phlogenas hoedti Schlegel -__.-...-- .----- | Peristeride. | 
“Ahwonné, a fox; oivas, wild pigeon. 
Alophoixus Oates, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds) I, Dec., 1889, p. 259. 


Type, /vos phwocephalus Hartlaub _-_-..-------. | Timaliidee. | 
“Ahogos, without a crest; + Jrus (tos, sticky, also a miserly 
fellow). 


Alopochen STEJNEGER, Standard Nat. History, 1V (Birds), 1885, p. 141. 
New name for Chenalopex Stephens, preoccupied. .[Anatide. | 
’"Ad\wzos, tox-colored; Y7V, a goose. 
Alticeps GistEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir hdhere Schulen, 1848, 
Dp. valk. 
New name for Cephalopterus Geottroy St.-Hilaire --[ Cotingide. | 
Altus, high; ceps (caput), head. 
Amalocichla Dr Vis, Ann. Report Brit. New Guinea (1890-91), 1592, 
App. CC, p. 95. 
Type, Amalocichla sclatertana De Vis --- -- ---- -- | Timaliide. | 
"Aparos, soft, feeble; «iy\y, a thrush-like bird. 
Amaurocichla SHarpr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Aug., 1892, p. 228. 
Type, Amaurocichla bocagit Sharpe - -- -- -------- | Timaliidee. | 
"Apavpos, dark; «iyAn, a thrush, or thrush-like bird. 
Amaurenas SALVADORI, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, p. 248. 
Type, Columba pollent Schlegel ...-.----------- | Columbidee. | 
(A subgenus of Columba). 
"Apavupos, dark; oivas, a wild pigeon. 
Amaurolimnas SHarpsr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Jan 26, 1893, p. xxviil. 
Type, Reallus concolor Gosse. sane 2 ee | Rallide. | 
"Apavpos, dark; hipvars (Azuvaios), marshy, of the water. 
Amazilia Lesson, L’Echo du Monde Savant, ser. 2, VII, No. 32, Oct. 
22, 1843, col. 757. 
wipe? 222 222s Aone eee | Zrochilide. | 


ILO 2 a vole of the Ineas 


ieraneced as a “‘race’’ or subgenus of Ornismya, with the iollorine species: O. 
lumachella Lesson, O. eximia Delattre, O. cinnamomea Lesson, O. clarisse Longuemare. 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 667 


+Ameghinia SHarpPr, Hand-list of Birds, I, 1899, p. 154. 
New name for Psevdolarus Ameghino, on grounds of purism! 
| Stereornithes. | 
Named for Dr. Florentino Ameghino. 
Amnicola Gerber, in Degland and Gerbe, Ornith. Européenne, 1, 1867, 
p- 526. 
Type, Sylvia melanopogon Temminck -_- —- -- ...--| Turdide. | 
Ammnis, a stream, river; ¢ncola, an inhabitant. 
+Amphipelargus LypEKKeER, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 68. 
Type, Amphipelargus major? Lydekker ___.---- --| Ciconrider. | 
"Adi, on both sides; zelapyos, a stork. 
Amytornis STEJNEGER, Standard Nat. History, IV (Birds), 1885, p. 499. 
New name for Amytis Lesson, preoccupied. ---- -- | Timaliidea. | 
Amytis ( Apvrtis), a daughter of Astyages; opts. 
Anacrites GistEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, X. 
New name for Paradoxornis Gould _.-.-.---------- | Parida? | 
"Ava, + Kpitys, a judge, umpire. 
Androphilus SHARPE, Ibis, ser. 5, VI, Oct. 1888, p. 390. 
Type, Androph ilus accentor Sharpe ee eee See [ Timaliide. | 
"Avnp (avop-), aman; dé, I love. 
+Anisolornis AMEGHINO, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., I, Dec., 1591, 
p. 449. 
Type, Anisolornis excavatus Ameghino —~ -- ~~ -- [ Stereornithes. | 
“ Avigos, unequal; Oos, whole, entire; Opvis, bird. 
Anomalophrys SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 156. 
Type, Lobivanellus superciliosus Reichenow ~~ --[ Charadriide.| 
is V@OMANOS, unusual: odpus, brow, eyebrow. 
tAnomalornis Hurron, Trans. New Zealand Inst., X XIX, June, 1897, 
p. o46. 
New name for Anomalopteryx Reichenbach, preoccupied. 
| Dinornithide. | 


"Av@mados, unusual; oprvis, bird. 
Anopaia Hanpeman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1842, p. 188. 
New name for **//arpyia Cuvier” (= Harpra Vieillot), pre- 
etn Game ie Se eh ee ee egies os [| Fulconide. | 
"Avoraia, unnoticed. 
Antichromus RicuomMonp, Auk, XVI, Apr., 1899, p. 187. 
New name for Locagia Shelley, preoccupied -- ---- -- [| Laniidw. | 
‘Arti, against, opposite to; yeOpua, color. 
Antrochelidon Batpamus, Journ. fiir Orn., Nov., 1869, p. 406. 
Type, Hirundo nigricans Vieillot_------------ | Hirundinida. | 
”Avtpov, a cavern; yéeliowv, swallow. 
Anurolimnas SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Jan. 26, 1893, p. xxviii. 
Type, Porzana castaneiceps Sclater and Salvin —- -- -- | Rallide. | 
"Av, without; ovpa, tail; Acuva's (Ayuvaios), marshy, of the mere. 


668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Aphanolimnas Suarpr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Dee. 31, 1892, p. xx. 


New name for Av¢t/’tz7a Hartlaub, preoceupied____. | Rallide. | 
"Adavns, unseen, obscure; hiswras (Aruvaios), marshy, from the 

mere. 
Aphelocephala Onrrnouser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 214. 
New name tor Nerophila Gould, preoccupied —_---_- | Paride. | 


"Adgehns, smooth; «edahy, head. 
Aphrastura OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
pe 2. 
New name for Oxyuwrus Swainson, preoccupied __[ Purnariida. | 
“ Adbpactos, wonderful: ovpa, tail. 
Araclanga GLoGcER, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 193. 
New name for A7@ Brisson, on grounds of purism_[ Ps/ttacide. | 
"Apa (Ara); khayyn, screaming. 
Aramidopsis Suarper, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, July 4, 1893, p. liv. 
ype, Lallus platens Blastus2. = 222-3. eee [| Rallide. | 
Aramides, + Oypis, appearance. 
+ Archaeotrogon Miunn-Epwarps, Compte-Rendu Second Congrés Or- 
nith. Int., II, 1892, p. 64. 
Type, Archaecotrogon venustus Milne-Edwards __--[ 7Zrogonide. ] 
"Apyaios, ancient; -+ Trogon. 
+ Ardeacites HausuautrerR, Murkwiirdige fossile Thieriiberreste aus der 
Algiuer Molasse, 1855, p. 11. 
Type, Ardeacites molassicus Haushalter___----- -- -- [Ardeide. | 
Ardea, a heron, + 7tes. 
Areortyx Hrinn, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 290. 
New name for Aveoturnix Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Zurnicidee. | 
+ Argillornis OwEN, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XXXIV, Jan., 1878, 
p. 124. 
Type, Argillornis longipennis Owen__- -- -- | Phalacrocoracide. | 
“Apyth\os, white clay, chalk; 6pvzs, bird. 
Arinia Muusant, ‘*‘ Ann. Soe. Linn. Lyon, 1877, Oct. 12” [exists as a 
separate paper only ]. 
Lype, Arinee boucards Mulsant 22225 ae eee ee | Trochilide. | 
Arquaia GisTEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. 92. 


New name for Vumida Linneeus ___.--.-.-.-_=- | Phasianide. | 
Arremonops kipGway, Manual N. A. Birds, ed. 2, Apr., 1896, p. 605. 
Type, Lmbernagra rufivirgata Lawrence -- -- - _-[ Fringillide. } 


Arremon (appnpmov, silent); + wy. 
Asarcia SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 86. 
Type, farra varvabilis Limneeus 2222 = |-Jacanide. | 
“AoapKos, without flesh, lean. 


OP ce 


enasmia’. 


ete Engar ee wee 


ae 2 


© 
j 
i > 
4 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHM ae ND. 669 


Asarcornis SALVADORI, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus. KVL, S05, poo: 
Type, Anas scutulata S mailer: Ses. sh oh [Anatide. ] 
”AoapKos, lean; pris, bird. 


Ascalaphia Istp. GEoFFROY St.-H1arre, L’Echo du Monde Savant, 
PLEAS a,, ps 4 
Type, Ascalaphia savignié Isid. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire. 
| Bubonide. | 
"Aoxahagos, a bird supposed to be an owl. 
Aspatha SHarpe, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1892, p. 331. 
Type, Prionites gularis Lafresnaye -- -. -- ------ -- | Momotide. | 
"A. without; o7a@4n, a blade. 
+ Asthenopterus AMEGHINO, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., 1, 1891, p. 445. 
New name for Lagopterus Moreno and Mercerat, preoccupied. 
| Falconide. | 
"Aobevns, weak; 2TEp0V, wing. 
Atalochrous Exuior, Ibis, ser. 3, VI, Oct., 1876, p. 464. 
Type, Ialimbus rae Cacia or oes eee Fees | Ploceide. | 
(A subgenus of J/alimbus.) 
"AraNos, tender, delicate; yows, color. 
Atopornis REICHENOW and NEUMANN, Ornith. Monatsb., III, May, 1895, 


p- (4: 
Type, Atopor nis f= igrita | diabolicus Reichenow and Neu- 
PON es he Pe N eG eee Ss 1 eid 2 he | Muscicapide (= Ploceide). | 


74 2 ” . 
Atozos, unusual, out of place; opvis, bird. 
+ Badiostes AMEGHTINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 600. 


Type, Badiostes patagonicus See ee Sao SSE nese [ Strigide. | 
+ Barornis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLVIII, Oct., 1894, p. 344. 
Type, Barornis Reqs Niarsly 8025 See etl ef [Lncerte sedis. | 


Bapus, heavy; Opvis, bird. 
Bathmisyrma REICHENOW, Ornith. Monatsb., V, Oct., 1897, p. 161. 
Type, Bathinisyrmarufum Reichenow- -- -. - - -- i Muscicapide. | 
Badmos, a step; oVpua, a trailing robe, something trailed along. 
Bathmocercus ReicHENow, Ornith. Monatsb., HI, July, 1895, p. 113. 
Type, Bathmocercus rufus Reichenow - - -- -- -- -- -- [| Zimaliide. | 
Babuos, a step; Képxos, tail. 
Bellona Munsanr and VerrEAux, Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cher- 
bourg, XII, 1866, p. 219. 
Type, Trochilus cristatus Limneeus --.-2+-------- [ Trochilide. | 
Named for Bellona, a goddess of war. 
+ Belornis Mirne-Epwarps, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, July 4, 1898, 
p. liv. 
New name for Zachyornis Milne-Edwards, preoccupied. 
[Lneerte sedis. | 


BéXos, an arrow, dart; opvts, bird. 


670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Blacops RicHmonp, Auk, XVI, Apr., 1899, p. 186. 
New name for Llar Reichenow, preoccupied (= Verreauaia 
Hortlanb)) 123.2 sees eee | Picide. | 
Blax (Prag, lazy); ey. 
Blax REICHENOW, Ornith. Monatsb., I], Aug., 1894, p. 126. 
Type, Blax gymnophthalmus Reichenow (see Blacops). 
| Capitonide (= Picide).| 
Bras, lazy, sluggish. 
Bleda Bonaparte, Revue et Mag. de Zool., Feb., 1857, p. 50. 
Type, Dasycephala syndactyla Swainson. ----. ~~ -- | Zimaliide. | 
Named for Bleda, brother of Attila. 
Bocagia SHELLEY, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, III, May 26, 1894, p. xlii. 
Type, Zelephonus minutus Hartlaub (first species mentioned) 
(SeevAninchromus) 22 ake == ae Sen =e [| Laniidee. | 
Named for Prof. José Vicente Barboza du Bocage. 
Bolbopsittacus SALVADoRI, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, p. 503. 
Type, Psittacus lunulatus Scopoli —._ 2222 22 222 [ Psittacide. | 
Bol Pos, a bulb; pittakos, a parrot. 
Bonapartia Birrikorer, Notes Leyden Mus., XVIII, July 15, 1896, 
p. 58. 
New name for Gymnocrotaphus Bittikofer, preoccupied. 
| Zimaliide. | 
Named for Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent Bonaparte. 
Bostrycholophus BiirrrkorrR, Notes Leyden Mus., XVIII, July 15, 
1896, p. 58. 
New name for Centrolophus Biittikofer, preoccupied. 
| Pycnonotide. | 
Boorpvyos, a curl; Adgos, crest. 
Bowdleria RoruscHiLp, Novitates Zoologicae, III, Dec. 29, 1896, p. 539. 
Type, New Zealand group of Sphenwacus.---- .--- | Zimaliide. | 
Named for Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe. 
Brachycope ReIcHENow, Journ. fiir Ornithologie, April, 1900, p. 249. 
Type, Brachycope anomala Reichenow -- -- ---- -- -- [| Ploceide. | 
Brachypteryx Owen, Descr. Catal. Osteol. Series Mus. Roy. College of 
Surgeons, I, 1853, p. 238. 
Dype, fallus custralcs Spartans. 25-222 ee [| Rallide. | 
Brachypus Swainson, Zool. Journ., I, Oct., 1824, p. 305. 
Type, ‘‘ Le Curouge” Levaillant (= Zurdus cafer Linneus). 
| Pycnonotide. | 
Bpayvs, short; zovs, foot. 
Brachyrynchus de SeLys-LONGCHAMPs, in Vander Maelen’s Dict. Géogr. 
Proy. Liége, 1831, Appendice, p. 36. 
Type, Parus caudatus (= Mecistura rosea Blyth) - -- - - | Paride. } 
Bpayts, short; PYyyxos, beak. 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND 671 


Brachyspiza RipGway, ‘Auk, Save Gale ‘(May 13), 8898, "p: 1, 294, 
Type, Pringila capensis P. L. S. Miller ______. [Pringillide. | 
Bpayvs, short; o7ila, a finch. 
Brewsteria MayNarb, Birds Eastern North Amer., ed. 2, Pt. 40, 1896. 
p- 691. 
Type, Falco ferrugimeus Lichtenstein ------_--.---- | Falconide. | 
Named for Mr. William Brewster. 
+Brontornis Moreno and Mercerat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Argen., I), 1891, p. 37. 
Type, Brontornis burmeister? Moreno and Mercerat. 
: J [ Stereornithes. | 
Bpovtn, thunder; opvts, bird. 
Buleites GistEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 1848, 
px. 
New name for Stenorhynchus Gould -_.-------.-. -- [ Minide. | 
BovXevtns, one who sits in council, a senator. 
Calamodromus RercHENOW, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. 
Hein. Orn., 1890, p. 322. 
New name for Pouget/us Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 


| Rallide. | 


Kalhapos, a reed; dpopmos, a course, race. 
Calastrapia SHarrrE, Monogr. Paradiseide, Part VIII, 1898, p. xiii. 
Type, Astrapia splendidissima Rothschild ____ _- [| Paradiseide. | 
Kakos, beautiful; + Astrapia (aot panos, of lightning). 
Callaeops Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, IV, Jan. 29, 1895, p. xviii. 
_ Type, Callacops periophthalmica Grant. ---- -- -- | Muscicapide. | 
KadXaror, a cock’s comb; wy, eye. 
+ Callornis AMEGHINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 574. 
Type, Callornis giganteus Ameghino ________ -- [ Stercornithes. | 
Kavos, beauty; Opvis, bird. 
Calobamon Hering, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 128. 
New name for /¢tasoma Cassin, on grounds of purism. 
‘ [Formicariide. | 
Kados, beautiful; Saya (B7ua), a step, pace. 
Calopelia Satvapor!, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X-XI, 18938, p. 529. 
Type, Columba puella Schlegel .-.-----.-.--..-- [ Peristeridea. | 
Kaos, beautiful; 7édeza, a dove. 
Calopezus Ripeway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, Apr. 10, 1884, p. 97 
New name for Calodromas Sclater onl Sa pr enecapied: | 
[| Zinamide. | 
Kanos, beautiful; eos, walking. 
Calvifrons Daupin, Annales du Mus. d’Hist. Nat., III, 1804, p. 146. 
Type, Chauvard (= Corvus calvus Linneus) (see Perissoce- 
OLE) eae RE eee eT Or, =. ee [ Cotingide. | 
Calvus, bald, hairless; frons, Sica) 


672 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


+Camaskelus AyMArD, Congrés Scientifique de France, 1856, I, pp. 233, 
267. 
Type, Camaskelus palustris Aymard -- --..- - | Charadrii formes. | 
Kapaé, a pole, stake; oKéos, the leg. 
Caprornis Kaur, in Jardine’s Contrib. Orn. for 1849, p. 112 (note). 
Dype, Vultur pileatus Burchell 22s ee seen | Vulturide. | 
Carnifex SUNDEVALL, K. Vet.-Akad. Handl. (1835), 1836, p. 78. 


Lype, Ampelis carnifex Vimneus! 2. Jes Seen [ Cotingide. | 


Carnifex, a public executioner. 
Cassidix BonaPpARTE, Conspectus Generum Avium, I, 1849, p. 90. 
Type, Buceros cassidix Temminck (first species mentioned). 
| Bucerotide. | 
Cassida, cassis, a helmet. 
Castanolimnas SuHarre, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club., I, Jan. 26, 1893, p. xxviii. 
Type, Luryzona canning? Blythe 22 e582 ee [ Rallide. | 
Kaotavos, the chestnut; Azwvas (Atwvaios), marshy, from the mere. 
Cataphania GisreL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
S46, pox. 
New name for ** Oxyptera.Cuyier” 2 i202 2 | Artamide. | 
Katraga véta, clearness, transparency. 
Cataponera Harrert, Novitates Zoologicae, III, Mar. 14, 1896, p. 70. 
Type, Cataponera turdowdes Hartert .--_..-2---=- | Zimaliide. | 
Katrazovéo, | tire out. 
Centrolophus Birrrkorer, Notes Leyden Mus., XVII, June 9, 1896, 
p. 230. 
Type, Brachypus leucogenys Gray (see Bostrycholophus). 
[| Pycnonotidea. | 
Kévrpov, spur; Aodgos, a crest. 
+Centrornis ANDREWS, Ibis, ser. 7, III, July, 1897, p. 544. 
Type, Centrornis majort Andrews 2 .- =... -2=22 2233 | Anatide. | 
Kévtpov, spur, spine; Oprvts, bird. : 
Cerasophila Binenam, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, V, no. 28, Apr., 
1900, p. 358. 
Type, Cerasophila thompsoni Bingham -- -- - -- -- | Pycnonotide. | 
Képaoos, a cherry tree; ¢iéw, I love. 
Certhiaxis Lesson, Compl. Ciuvres de Buffon (éd. Lévéque), XX, 
Apr., 1847, p. 287." 
Type, Certhia cinnamomea Gmelin ------------- [Purnariide. | 
rerthia (Képbtos, a creeper); + [Synall] avis. 


1This work is usually cited ‘‘Descr. mam. et ois.,’”’ or ‘‘ Deser. mam. et ois. réc. 
découy.,’’ but is correctly quoted as above. It appeared as the last (20th) volume of 
the Lévéque edition of Buffon, and was published in April, 1847. It was also issued 
as a separate work, under the title ‘‘ Description de mammiféres et d’ oiseaux récem- 
ment découverts,’’ ete., with the same ostensible date, and later formed the second 
part of Tome VII of the Didier edition, in 10 volumes, also bearing date of 1847. All 
were printed from the same type, the Didier edition even preserving the Lévéque 
signature marks. 


ee ae 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 673 


Cetupa Lypekker, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 15. 
Emendation of Aetwpa Lesson----..:----------+- [ Bubonide. | 
Ketupa, native name of a Javan owl. 
Chalcopsar Suarpr, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 158. 
New name for J/egalopterus Smith, preoccupied --_[Sturnide. | 
Xaidkos, copper; ap, starling. 
Chelidonaria ReicHENOow, Journ. fiir Orn., Apr., 1889, p. 187. 
Type, Hirundo urbica Linneus--------------- [ Lirundinide. | 
Chelidon (xé\10 ov, a swallow). 
Chema RreicuEnow, Journ. fiir. Orn., Apr., 1889, p. 188. 
Hmendation of ong Leach. 22225. shceoec 2 eek [| Laride. | 
Xnun, yawning, gaping. 
tChenornis Portis, Mem. R. Acc. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, XXXVI, 1885, 
p. d64. 
Type, Chenornis graculotdes Portis. __..--.--------[Anatide. | 
XV, g@oose; OpVts, bird. 
Chersophilus Suarpe, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 525. 
Type, Alauda duponts Vieillot_.2.2..22-. 222. --.-- | Alaudide. | 
Xépoos, dry land; ¢ué@, I love. 
Chlorocharis SHarpe, Ibis, ser. 5, VI, Oct., 1888, p. 392. 
Eype, Chlorocharis emilie Sharpe > ~- 2-2 -.-2--- | Zimaliide. | 
Xiwpos, green; Yapts, grace. 
Chlorodrepanis PrerKrys, in Wilson and Evans, Aves Hawaiienses, 
Pe (, June, 1899, p. xxi. 
Type, Limatione stejnegeri Wilson (first species mentioned). 
| Drepanide. | 
Xlwpos, green; + Drepanis (Opexavn, a sickle). 
+Chosornis Dr Vis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl., VI, 1889, p. 55. 
Type, Chosornis preteritus De Vis---.---------- | Megapodide. | 
X@ots, heaping up of earth; opvzs, bird. 
Chrysomitridops Witson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Apr., 1890, p. 445. 
Type, Chrysomitridops cwruleirostris Wilson. . - --|Drepanide. | 
Ohrysomitris (ypvoounrpis, the goldfinch); + @y. 
+Cimolopteryx Marsu, Amer. Journ. Science, ser. 3, XX XVIII, July, 
1889, p. 83. 
Type, Cimolopteryx rarus Marsh -- ---..-- -- - __-[LIneertee sedis. | 
Kiuwdia, white earth, chalk; 7répv&, wing. 
Ciridops ‘“‘ Witson,” A. Newton, Nature, XLV, Mar. 17, 1892, p. 469. 
ibype,. /ringila annd Doles. 522s oo ee | Drepanide. | 
[Einberiza| ciris; + erp. 
Cirulus Brepow, Archiv fiir Naturgesch., III, Pt. 1, 1837, p. 413. 
Type, Cirulus pratensis Bredow (= Sturnella magna meridio- 


1 SIIGTD ES en eS tN en gt ee | Leteride. | 
+Cladornis AmMEGHINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 584. 
Type, Cladornis pachypus Ameghino ---.---.[ Cladornithide. | 


Kiados, branch, or shoot of a tree; Oprvzs, bird. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——43 


674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIY. 


Cladurus ReicnHenow, Journ. fiir Orn., Jan., 1877, p. 17. 
New name for Xylobucco Bonaparte -------- ---- | Capitonide. | 
Kiados, branch; ovpos, guard. 
Clamator Kaup, Naturl. Syst., 1829, p. 53. 
Type, Cuculus glandarius Linneeus-- -- -- -- --- -- -- [ Cuculide. | 
Claravis OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, p. 2038. 
New name for Peristera Swainson, preoccupied _ -| Peristeride. | 
Clarus, clear; avis, bird. 
Claudia Harrert, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 469. 
Type, Cypselus squamatus Cassin -- -------- -- -- | Micropodide. | 
Named for Mrs. Ernst Hartert. 
Cleptornis OusraLET, Le Naturaliste, ser. 2, III, Nov. 1, 1889, p. 260. 
Type, Pislotts marches Oustalet_.-..2.-22..--+ | Meliphagidea. | 
Kiéxto, I steal; Opvis, bird. 
Clibanus GisTEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir hGhere Schulen, 1848, 
px 
New name for Zanagroides Bonaparte ____- asene | Fringillide. | 
KiifBavos (k\ifavitns, baked under a pot or pan), with reference 
to its tropical habitat ? 
Clytospiza SHELLEY, Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 32. 


Lype,-Pytela monterre Martlaub = 2-2 2 es | Ploceidee. | 


Kkurtos, famous; o77iCa, a finch. 
Cnemophilus Dre Vis, Ann. Report Brit. New Guinea (1888-89), 1890, 
App. G, p. 61. 
Type, Cnemophilus macgregorii De Vis__ _-| Ptilonorhynchidea. | 
Kvnpos, slope of a mountain; ¢Aé@, I love. 
Coccyzoenas Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 278. 
New name for Recnwardtena Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
: | Columbidee.| 
Koxkvé, cuckoo; oivas, a wild pigeon. 
Cocornis TowNsEND, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXVII, July, 1895, 
p- 128. 
Type, Cocornis agassizt Townsend _-_------------ [ Fringillide. | 
Cocos, name of an island; opvzs, bird. 
Coelotreron Hrrnr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 275.' 
New name for Palumbana Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 


KoiXos, hollow; teypwarv, a dove. 
Colinus Gotpruss, Handbuch der Zoologie, II, 1820, p. 220. 
Type, Zetrao mexicana Linneus _-__.---------- | Phasianide. | 
Colymbetes H&rINnr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 364. 
New name for Poliocephalus Selby -------------- | Colymbide. | 
Kolhvpu pnts, a diver, swimmer. 


[ Columbide. | 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 675 


Compsortyx Herr, in Heine and Reichenew, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 292. 
New name for Hxcalfactoria Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Phasianide. | 
Kowupos, elegant; 6pTv&, a quail. 
Compsospiza BrerRLEpscn, Ibis, ser. 6, V, Apr., 1893, p. 207. 
Type, Compsospiza garleppi Berlepsch—-.._--- -- | Pringillide. | 
Kopupos, elegant; oiCa, finch. 
Compsotis Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 325. 
New name for Afrotis Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
; | Otidide. | 
Koyupos, elegant; wis, a bustard. 
+Coniornis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLV, Jan., 1893, p. 81. 
Type, Conzornis altus Marsh --_.---.------ | Hlesperornithidee. | 
Kovis, dust; opvts, bird. 
Conuropsis SALVADORI, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, p. 203 
Type, Psittacus carolinensis Linneus ---- -- -- -- - - Pia ees 
Conurus (KGvos, a cone; ovpa, tail); + Oris, aspect. 
Coracocichla SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X VII, 1892, p. 7 (note). 
New name for Coracopitta Sclater (not Corapitta Bonaparte) 
(see Mellopitta) eee ne renege in Sy en Desay) Sai NS | Pittidw. | 
Kopag (kopak-), raven; Kiy\n, thrush. 


~ 


Cornix Forster, Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds, 1817, p. 5. 


Type, Corvus graculus, C. monedula Linneeus---- -- Corvide. 
J ) 9 2 
Corydon GiocErR, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 264. 

New name for Melanocorypha Boie_------------ -- | Alaudide. | 


Kopvder, a lark. 
Coryphenas R. G. W. Ramsay, Ibis, ser. 6, Apr., 1890, p. 246. 
Type, Turacenas crassirostris Gould _- ~~ ~~~ -- -- [| Columbide. | 
Kopvu¢n, head, top; oivas, a wild pigeon. 
Cosmophoneus NruMANN, Journ. fiir Orn., July, 1899, p. 392. 
Type, Laniarius multicolor Gray (first species mentioned). 
[| Laniide. | 
Koopos, ornament; govevs, a murderer, slayer. 
+ Creccoides' SHUFELDT, Proc..Amer. Phil. Soc., XXX, No. 137, Apr. 
14, 1892, p. 125. 
Type, Creccoides osbornii Shufeldt_-----.---------- | Rallida. | 
Kpé&, a crake; €700s, form. 
Crecopsis SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Jan. 26, 1893, p. xxviii. 
eye, CO TeN cyregia Peters! ss Sevce ute ae Se 8 [| Rallide. | 
Kpé&, a crake; oypts, aspect. 


1Emended to Crecoides Shufeldt, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Persia. ane ae 3, 1892, 
p. 412 (note). 


676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


i 


Crocomorphus Haroirr, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, p. 439. 
Type, Licus faous.P. 32 Muller Sons) Sees [ Picide. | 
Kpokos, saffron; op¢dn, form, shape, figure. | 
Cryptillas OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 212. 
New name for Phlexis Hartlaub, preoccupied. -- --[ 7¢malizdea. | 
Kpvuztos, hidden; ‘AXNa@s, a thrush. 

Cryptophaps Satvaportr, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, p. 219. 
Type, Carpophaga pecilorrhoa Briiggemann. - -. -- | Treronide. | 
(Subgenus of Carpophaga.) 

Kpvztos, hidden; gay, a pigeon. 
tCryptornis Minnre-EKpwarps, Recher. Ois. Foss. France, II, 1870, 
D.otLs 
Type, Centropus? antequus Gervais ----------- | /ncerte sedis. | 
Kpvuztos, hidden; 6pvzs, bird. 
Cumana Cours, Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, p. 65. 
New name for pile Bonaparte (vs. Pipzlo Vieillot) --[ Cracide. | 
From Cumana, a town in Venezuela. 
Curotreron Herne and Re1icHENow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, 
p- 280. 
Emendation of Awrutreron Bonaparte _-_---- .- -- -- | Treronide. | 
Kvupow, I make valid, sure; + Zreron (tpnpev, a dove). 

Cyanerpes OpERHOLSER, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, p. 32. 

Type, Certhia cyanea Linneeus ---. ---------------| Cwrebide.] 
Kvavos, dark blue; éo7ns (ép7@, I creep, crawl). 

Cyanolesbia SrrsNEGER, Auk, II, Jan., 1885, p. 47. 

Lype, Lrochilus forjicatus Linneus <2 2-2-2 7225 | Trochilide. | 
K vavos, dark blue; + Lesbia. - 
Cyanopitta GouLp, Monograph Pittide, Pt. 1, 1880, pl. vim. 
Type, Brachyurus steeri: Sharpe. 22282223 | Pittidee. | 
Kvavos, dark blue; + Pitta. 
Cymatobolus RercHENow, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. 
Hein. Orn., 1890, p. 363. 
New name for J/ajaqueus Reichenbach, on grounds of purism. 


| Pupinide. | 


Kvpiatow, I rise in waves; Boos, a throw. 
Cymindus Hatpeman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. I, 1842, p. 191. 
Substitute for Cymindis Cuvier, preoccupied. -- - - | Lalconide. | 
Kvyuvots, a hawk-like bird mentioned by Aristotle. 
Cyphorhina Lesson, L’Echo du Monde Savant, ser. 2, VII, June 15, 
1843, col. 1068. 
Type, Podargus papuensis Quoy and Gaimard.- --[ Podargide. | 
Kudos, beut; pis, piv, nose. 
Dactylortyx Grant, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XII, 1893, p. 429. 
Type; Oriya thoracicus Gambel -.U. 222-222 =2 2 | Phasianide. | 
Aaxtvios, finger; 6pTv&, a quail, 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 6 


~I 
~J 


Dafilula Cours, Auk, XIV, Apr., 1897, p. 207. 
Type, Querquedula eatont Sharpe-.----..----------- | Anatide. | 
Dafilula, dim. of Dajila. 
Dammeria Harrerrt, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VIII, July 4, 1899, p. Ivii. 
Type, Dammeria henricz Hartert_.--___.---- -- [| Muscicapide. | 
From Dammer, an island in the Banda Sea. 
Daphenositta Dr Vis, Ibis. ser. 7, LI, July, 1897, p. 380 


Type, Daphenositta miranda De Vis--_------------- [ Scttide. | 
Aagowvos, bloody, blood-red; + Sitta (oitrn, a kind of wood- 
pecker). 


+ Darwinornis Moreno and Mercerrat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Argen.,.I), 1891, p. 60. 
Type, Darwinornis copei Moreno and Mercerat (first species 
SetnOMen eer rset cies e+ TE 2S i hae pees ee | Stereornithes. | 
Named for Charles Robert Darwin. 
Deconychura CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, Sept. 4, 1891, 
p- 338. 
Type, Deconychura typica Cherrie-----.- -- | Dendrocolaptida. | 
Aékxa, ten; 0vvé, claw; ovpa, tail. 
Deltarhynchus Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, Oct. 25, 1893, 
p- 606. 
Type, Myiarchus flammulatus Lawrence... _.---- [| Zyrannide. | 
(A subgenus of Jlyiarchus.) 
Aé\ra, delta; pvyyos, bill, from its 4-shaped bill. 
Dendrophaps Biyru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XIV, Pt. 2, 1846, 
p. 855. 
LIN ODE Bae ye ee NG A a Ae aa | Columbide? | 
Aévépor, a tree; gar, pigeon. 
Dendrophassa GLOGER, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 359. 
Type, Columba aromatica Gmelin ___-----.------ | Zreronida. | 
Aévépov, a tree; dagoa, a wood pigeon. 
Dendrophila Hopcson, Madras Journ. Lit. and Science, V, Apr., 1837, 
p. 432. 
New name for Arborophila Hodgson, on grounds of purism. 
| Phasianide. | 
Aévdporv, a tree; diréoa, I love. 
ee ‘** Hopeson,” Brytu, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XIV, Pt. 
, 1846, p. 867 (note). 
ety pe, Columba ni ipalensis Hodgson (= C. hodgsoni Vigors). 


| Columbidee. | 
Aévdpov, a tree; + Treron (zenper, a dove). 


hag fs oe three Sane occur ie ca ‘pophaga, as known at that time], at the 
head of which may be placed Lopholaimus, G. R. Gray, founded on the Col. antarctica, 
Shaw (v. dilopha, Temminck), of Australia; then follow the ordinary Dunkuls, of 
which the two Indian species are characteristic; and finally a short-winged type, with 
bill and feet as in the former, and colouring as in the division Chalcophaps (of the 
next subfamily), to which I apply the name Dendrophaps.”’ 


678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Disha Sir vapor, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, p. 248. 
Type, Columba guinea Linneeus Gc species mentioned) 
(Acsubsenus of Columba) <-> 2 a0 ie ae eae eee | Columbidee. | 
Aiadvoo, I part asunder; 7TiAor, a feather. 
Dialis GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 1848, 
j Dasa be 
New name for Drepanis Temminck _.____.-.-_-- [Drepanide. | 
Dialis, ethereal, aerial. 
+ Diaphorapteryx Forzes, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Dee. 31, 1892, p. xxi. 
Type, Aphanapteryx hawkinsi Forbes --- ---------- [ Rallide. | 
Aiadopos, different, Apteryx (a, priv. + zrépvé, wing). 
Diaphorillas OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
pe 2d. 
New name for Amytzs Lesson, preoccupied. (See Amytornis.) 
; | Zimaliide. | 
Aiagopos, different; zAAa@s, a thrush. 
Diaphoropterus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 
1899, p. 214. 
New name for Symmorphus Gould, preoccupied. 
; | Campephagide. | 
Aiagopos, different; zTépov, wing. 
+ Diatropornis OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 208. 
New name for Zapinopus Milne-Edwards, preoccupied. 
iN | Incerte sedis. | 
Atatpormos, different; opvis, bird. 
Diatropura OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 215. 
New name for Chera Gray, preoccupied. -: ----_---- | Ploceide. | 
Aiatporos, different; ovpa, tail. 
Dichrognathus ReicuEnow, Journ. fiir Orn., 1881, p. 255. 
New name. for Peitienns Blythe a2 2 2 eet | Psittacide. | 
Aiypoos, two-colored; yvados, jaw. 
Dictaea GistEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 1848, 
Pax: 
New name for Hinberizoides Bonaparte ----- ~~ -- [Fringillide. | 
Dicteus, of Diete, Dicteean. 
ate Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
890, p. 335. 
ee name for Lobipluvia Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Charadriide. | 
Ais, double; Aofos, a lobe. 
Dinorhamphus HeIN&, in Heine and oe Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 228. 
Nog name for Zucanus Cassin, on grounds of purism. 
| Ramphastide. | 


Aeivos, mighty; payudos, beak. 


- 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 679 


Diplocercus ‘“ Buytu,” JeERDoN, Birds of India, IIT, 1864, p. 737. 
Type, Zantalus leucocephalus Forster... ..--.. --| Cicontide. | 


Aimhoos, double; KépKos, tail. 
Diplura “ Biyru,” JeERDON, Birds of India, III, 1864, p. 737." 
Type, Zantalus leucocephalus Forster --- ~~ -- -- -- -- | Ciconiide. | 
Aimloos, double; ovpa, tail. 
Dipsaleon GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1626,-p. x. 


Neywename tor (lanes Wacker. 2) 2202. 35 8 te [| Laride. | 
Dissemurulus Oars, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), 1, Dec., 1889, p. 322. 
Type, Dicrurus lophorinus Vieillot -- ~~ ---- ---- -- [| Dicruride. | 


Dissemurulus, dim. of Dissemurus. 
Dolychoeix Kaur, Thierreich, II, Pt. 1, 1836, p. 139. 
No type mentioned; a nomen nudum here _____- | Incerte sedis. | 
Donacias Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 321. 
New name for Lewinia Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Rallide. | 
Aovag, a reed, with suffix > as. 
Donacophilus RreicHENow, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. 
Hein. Orn., 1890, p. 320. 
New name for Latera/lus Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Rallida. | 
Aovaé, a reed; $i\éo, I love. 
Doriponus REICHENOW, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 308. 
New name for Agama Reichenbach, on grounds of purism. 
| Arderde. | 
Aopizovos, toiling with the spear. 
Drepananax SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, IV, Dec. 29, 1894, p. xv. 
Type, Drepanornis bruijné Oustalet_____-- --- _- | Paradiseide. | 
Aperavn, a sickle; ava&, a lord, king. 
Drepanoplectes SHarPE, Ibis, ser. 6, II], Apr., 1891, p. 246. 
Type, Drepanoplectes jacksoni Sharpe __--------_ _- [| Ploceide. | 
Apexavn, a sickle; Plectes (n. 1. < ahexrt0s, woven), a weaver. 
Drepanorhamphus RoruscuHiILp, Avifauna of Laysan, ete., Pt. 3, Dec., 
1900, p. 163. 
Type, Drepanis funerea Newton-.-------------- | Drepanide. | 
Aperavn, a sickle; paudos, a curved beak. 
Drepanorhynchus Dusnors, Mem. Zool. Soc. France, VII, 1894, p. 400. 
Type, Drepanorhynchus schistaceus Dubois (see Spermophi- 
ee aie = See rt ee At Ns ae Ee See Deen he | Fringillide. | 


/ e / 
Aperavy, a sickle; Ovyyos, a beak. 


‘This name has precedence (anteriority) over Diplocercus. 


680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Drepanorhynchus Rornscuiip, Avifauna of Laysan, etc., Pt. 3, Dec., 
1900, pl. Uxm. 

Type, Drepanis funerea Newton (see Drepanorhamphus). 

’ | Drepanide. | 

Apenayyn, a sickle; pUyyxos, a beak. 

Dryocolaptes GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. 86. : 

Type, Prcus tridactylus Linneus! 2252412 [ Picidee. | 


Dryolimnas Suarpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Jan. 26, 1893, p. xxviii. 
Type, allus cuwiert Pucheran ___--_- Sea SE ohh [ Pallide. | 


Apvos, a copse, thicket; Azjwva’s, marshy, of the mere. 
tDryornis Moreno and Mercrerat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Areen.,-1), 189i ape: 
Type, Dryornis pampeanus Moreno and Mercerat. 
Z | Stereornithes. | 
Apvs, a tree, an oak; oprts, a bird. . 
Dupetor Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 308. 
New name for Ardeiralla Bonaparte. _--..--------- [Ardeide. | 
Aovrzntwp, a clatterer. 
Dybowskia OustraLet, Le Naturaliste, ser. 2, VI, Sept. 15, 1892, p. 218. 
Type, Dybowskia kemoensis Oustalet_--.--.------[ Timaliide. | 
Named for Jean Dybowski. 
{Dynamopterus Mitne-Epwarps, Compte-Rendu Second Congrés 
Ornith. Int., I, 1892, p. 64. 
Type, Dynamopterus velox Milne-Edwards..--- -- -- [ Cuculide. | 
Abvayus, power, force; 7Tépor, wing. 
Ecmeles GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir h6here Schulen, 1848, 
p. 1x. 
New name for Hydrocorax Vieillet___- -- -- | Phalacrocoracide. | 
"Expelns, out of tune, irregular, unbridled. 
Einalia Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 358. 
New name for Larovdes Brehm, on grounds of purism. 
: | | Laride. | 
Eivaxios, of the sea. 
Elachura Oarrs, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), I, Dec., 1889, p. 339. 
Type, Zroglodytes punctatus Blyth_-.--------- | Troglodytide. | 
(see Spiloptera. ) 
"Erayvs, small; ovpa, tail. 
+Elaphrocnemus Mitne-Epwarps, Compte-Rendu Second Congres 
Ornith. Int., IL, 1892, p. 77 
Type, 2 i oireen anal mie us Milne-Edwards (first species 
pOaYeT a} FICO) 110 8 Ny eee igen ea ie et Stang ee SS [Lalli formes. | 
Elagpos nimble, swift; «v7un, the leg. 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 681 


Elasas Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 265. 
New name for /Vanoides Vieillot, on grounds of purism. 
| Halconide. | 
’Ehacas, an unknown bird. 
Elasmonetta SALVApORI, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895, p. 287. 
BP Des ee ceas- ci anor7s Cx tavee oes ere ee [Anatide. | 
"Eaoos, a thin plate; v#tra, a duck. 
Elathea GisTEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir hGhere Schulen, 1848, 
p. Vill. 
New name for ‘‘ Brachypus Gould” ______--_- -- | Pycnonotide. | 
Electron GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 1848, 
p. Vili. 
New name for ‘‘ Crypticus Bonaparte” _. ___-- _- -- | Momotide. | 
“Hiextporv, something bright and beaming. 
tElornis AyMArD, Congrés Sci. de France, 1856, I, p. 234. 
Type, Llornis antiquus Aymard---_-------- | Phanicopteride. | 
“Elos, low ground bordering rivers, a marsh; Opvis, a bird. 
Emarginata SHELLEY, Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 89. 
Type, Luscinia senuata Sundevall__.--.----.------ [ Turdide. | 
Emarginatus, emarginate. 
+Enaliornis SEELEY, Index to Fossil Remains of Aves, etc., 1869, 
p. Xvil (nomen nudum here); Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XXXII, 
1876, pp. 496-510. 
New name for Pelagornis Seeley (not Lartet)-[naliornithide. | 
‘Evadxos, living in the sea; Opvis, bird. 
Endomychura OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 201. 
New name for J/cruria Grant, preoecupied_______ __[ Ale¢da. | 
"Evdopmvyos, concealed; ovpa, tail. 
Entomyzon Swarnson, Zool. Journ., I, Jan., 1825, p. 480 (note). 
Type, the ‘* blue-faced Grakle of Latham” (= Gracula cyanotis 
5 TTT TU | a eet Seal en eae bere d ig aia to | Meliphagide. | 
‘Evtos, within, inside; “vCo, I suck. 
Enygrotheres Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 353. 
New name for Sticticarbo Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Phalacrocoracide. | 
“Evvy pos, in the water, aquatic; Anpacw, I hunt, pursue. 
tEoneornis AMEGHINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 593. 
Type, Loneornis australis Ameghino -_--------__-- [Anatide. | 
"Hos, dawn, véos, new; Opvis, bird. 
Eremiornis Nortu, Victorian Naturalist, XVII, Aug., 1900, p. 78. 
Type, Lremiornis carters North .-.=--...-22----- [ Timaliide. | 
"Epnuia, desert; dpvis, bird. 


682 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Eremopterix Kaur, Thierreich, II, Pt. 1, 1836, p. 189. 
Type, Lringilla otoleucus, F. cruciger Temminck --| Alaudide. | 
Eribates RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, Oct. 25, 1893, p. 606. 
Type, Myiobius magnirostris Gray -_------------ [| Tyrannide. | 
(A subgenus of Mytarchus.) 
"Ept, intensive particle; Barns, one that treads or covers. 
Erythrobucco SHELLEY, Ibis, ser. 6, 1, Oct. 1889, p. 475. 
Type, Pogontas rollets Defilippi -2 ==. 2. —_2e—- | Capitonide. | 
"Epvdpos, red; + Bucco (bucco, a babbling, foolish fellow). 
Erythrocnus SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, ii, Apr. 30, 1894, 
Dn xe 
Type, Ardea rujiventris Sundevall__-.-.-_._--=---- | Ardeide. | 
"Epvépos, red; 0«vos, bittern. 


Erythrolimnas Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 320. 
New name for Rufirallus Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Rallida. | 
"Epvdpos, red; hiwvas (Atpvaios) marshy, of the mere. 
Erythrophoyx Suarpr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, UI, Apr. 30, 1894, 
p. XXXVIll. 
Type, Ardeiralla woodfordi Grant -_..--.--------- | Ardeidee. | 
"Epvdpos, red; ¢@vé&, a kind of heron. 
Erythrotriorchis ‘‘GurNrY MS.”, SHarpn, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 
1875, p. 337. 
Type,-Halco- radiates Waatham 222 | Falconidee. | 
"Epvdpos, red; tpiopyxos, a kite. 
_Etoimus Gisren, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 1848, 
pik 
New name for Mirafra Horsfield ..-...---.------ | Alaudide. | 
‘Eroipos, ready, prepared, real, actual. ' 
Eucorax SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, IV; Dec. 29, 1894, p: xv. * 
Type, Manucodia comrii Selater_.. _.._ -.-. -. --| Paradiseide. | 
Ed, well; Kopaé, a raven. 
Eugralla Lesson, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XII, no. 41, Sept., 1842, 


p. 19%. 
Type, Zroglodytes paradoxus Kittlitz, and Megalonyx nanus 
Lesson. Should replace Zriptorhinus!___._..-.[Pteroptochide. | 


(A subgenus of Jlegalonyx.) 
Euhierax Wess and Berruenor, Hist. Nat. Canaries, Il, Ornith., 
1838-1844, p. 5. 
Type, Luleo peregrinus Linneeus (first species mentioned). 
| Falconide. | 


Ev, well; tépa&, a hawk. 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERI C TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 683 


Euhyas SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p: 136. 
New name for Hurypterus Se, preoccupied (cee ZLapterus). 
‘ | Charadriide. | 
Ev, well; + /Zyas. 
Eulacestoma Dr Vis, Ann. Report Brit. New Guinea (1893-94), 1894, 
App. EE, p. 102. 
Type, HLulacestoma nigropectus De Vis --------.----- [ Laniide. | 
Eviaxa, a plowshare; @76ua, mouth. 
Eulipoa Grant, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, p. 462. 
Type, Megapodius wallace: Gray -------------- | Megapodide. | 
Ev, well; + Lipoa. 
Eumathes Heinz, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn-; 1890; p. 110. 
New name for J//no Lesson, on grounds of purism_[ Sturnide. | 
Evpaéys, quick at earning. 
+Eupterornis Lemoine, Recher. Ois. Foss. Environs de Reims, Pt. 1. 
1878, p. 56. 
Type, Hupterornis remensis Lemoine --.. -- -- -- [Lncerte sedis. | 
Ev, well; zrepov, wing; Gpvis, bird. 
Eurhinospiza OusTaLer, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), ser. 7, X11, 1891, p. 293. 
Type, Hurhinospiza henrict Oustalet ----------- | Fringillide. | 
Ev, well; pis (p2v-), nose; o2iCa, finch. 
Eurillas OBERHOLSER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, Oct. 7, 1899, p. 15. 
Type, And) ‘opadus MIMEWS CASsMy = 22so a2! eS | Zimaliide. | 
Evpus, broad; idha‘s, a thrush. 
+Euryonotus Mrrcerat, Anales Soc. Cientifica Argentina, XLITI, 
No. VY, May, 1897, p. 238. 
Type, Huryonotus brachypterus Mercerat (first species men- 
POM Ge Rees 800 Rath rp Se ee on ee | Rallidw? | 
Evpus, broad; vros, back. 
Eurypterus SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 171. 
Type, Charadrius leucurus Lichtenstein (see Huhyas). 
uaa : | Charadriide. | 
Evpus, broad; ztépov, wing. 
| Eutelornis AMEGHINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 594. 
Type, Hutelornis patagonicus Ameghino - -- ~~ -- -- -- | Anatide. | 
Evredns, cheap, paltry, worthless; 6pvzs, bird. 
Falcinellus Cuvinr, Régne Animal, I, 1817, p. 486. 
Type, Scolopax pygmea Gmelin -----.-.-------- | Scolopacide. | 
Faleinellus, dim. of falx, a sickle. 
Fedoa STEPHENS, General Zoology, XII, Pt. 1, 1824, p. 70. 
Type, Ledoa americana Stephens (= Scolopax fedoa Linnzus). 
| Scolopacide. | 


684 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


+ Filholornis Mitne-Epwarps, Compte-Rendu Second Congrés Ornith. 
nt Vil 8929p. G1. : | 
Type, /ilholornis paradoxa Milne-Edwards (first species men- 
LOMIOK) acs! aie Sse Sch ee nk mee eR (Bes ees | Lncerte sedis. | 
Named for M. Henri Filhol. 


+ Flacourtia ANDREWS, Novitates Zoologicae, II, Feb. 1, 1895, p. 25. 
Type, Mullerornis rudis Milne-Edwards and Grandidier. 
[Zpyornithide. | 


Named for Etienne de Flacourt, an early governor of Madagascar. 


+ Foetopterus Moreno and Mrercerat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Argen., I), 1891, p. 66. 
Type, /oetopterus ambiguus Morenoand Mercerat - -[ /alconide. ] 
? Fetus, offspring; 7TEpov, wing. 
Formicicapa Daupin, Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat., III, 1804, p. 146 (nomen 
nudum here?) 
Type, ‘‘ Gobe-fourmi” (a nomen nudum here?) - | Formicariide. | 
Formica, an ant; capere, to take. 
Galeolimnas Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 320. 
New name for Mustelirallus Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
[| Rallide. | 


/ 
Takén, a weasel; Azuvas, of the mere, marshy. 


Galeopsar SHARPE, Ibis, ser. 6, III, Apr., 1891, p. 241. 
Type, Galeopsar salvadorit Sharpe-.-.-------------- [Sturnide. ] 
Takén, a weasel; sap, starling. 
Galeripitta Exxror, Monogr. Pittide, ed. 2, Pt. 5, 1895, p. xvii (introd.). 
Type, Pitta cucullata: Hartlaub, <== 122 eee | Pittidee. | 
(A subgenus of /%tta.) 
Galerum, a helmet; + Pitta. 


Galgulus WaciErR, Systema Avium, I, 1827, p. 326. 
Type, Corvus gymnocephalus Temmiinck-- ---------- | Corvidee. | 
Galgulus, ~» name applied to a thrush-like bird. 
Gallina Linnaus, in Hasselquist, Reise nach Palestina, 1762, p. 327. 
Type, Phasianus meleagris Linneeus -- -- -- -- -- -- [ Phasianide. | 
Gallina, a hen, fowl. 
+ Gallinuloides Eastman, Geol. Mag., Feb., 1900, p. 54. 
Type Gallinuloides wyomingensis Kastman -[Rallide (= Craces).} 
Gallinula, + e76o0s, form. 
Gambetta Kaur, Natiirl. Syst., 1829, p. 54. 
ype, Tringa calidris Lanneus <2. eee [ Scolopacide. | 
Gambetta, an Italian name for a sandpiper. 
Gavia, Gloger, Hand-und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 483. 
New name for Vanellus Brisson ___----.------- | Charadriide. | 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 685 


Geniates Herve, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 225. 
New name for Chotorea Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
[ Capitonide. | 
Teveiatnys, bearded. 
Gennadas Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 262. 
New name for Gennaia Kaup, 1847, (not Genneus Wagler, 1832). 
é [| Falconide. |. 
Tevvadas, of noble birth. 
Gennaeochen Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 348. 
New name for Radjah Reichenbach, on grounds of purism. 
| Anatide. | 
Tevvaios, high born; y7v, goose. 
+tGenyornis StrruinG and Zerrrz, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., XX, 1896, 
Pabst. 
Type, Genyornis newtoni Stirling and Zeitz__|Dromornithide. | 
Tévvs, chin, jaw; Opts, bird. 
Geospiza GuocER, Hand-und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 254. 


Type, Pringilla nwales Linneeus---- ----------- | Fringillide. | 
+Geranopsis LypEKKER, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 166. 
Type, Geranopsis hastingsiw Lydekker - ---- ~~ ---- - - | Gruide. | 


Tépavos, a crane; Oris, aspect. 
+Geranopterus Mitne-Epwarps, Compte-Rendu Second Congrés Ornith. 
Int., I, 1892, p. 66. 
Type, Geranopterus alatus Milne-Edwards-- -_----. | Coraciide. | 
Tépavos, a crane; 7TEPOY, wing. 
Glaucerodius Hrrnr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orns, 18903 p2307. 
New name for /Jorzda Baird, on grounds of purism _[ Ardecde. | 
Thav«os, bluish green, gray; é@dz0s, a heron. 
Gmelinius Boucarp, Genera of Humming Birds (in Humming Bird, 
IV, Pt. 1), Mar.; 1894, p. 108. 
Type, Zrochilus bicolor Gmelin __-- 2. -----=---- | Trochilide. | 
Named for Johann Friedrich Gmelin. 
Granatina SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 403. 
Type, Pringilla granatina Linneeus --- -------- -- -- | Ploceide. | 
Granatina, dim. of granatus. 
Gripeus Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 352. 
New name for *‘ Graculus Rehb., 1853” (type, Pelecanus graculus 
|SITE) 1 TS) ag a a a, lt a | Phalacrocoracide. | 
Ipuevs, a fisherman. 


686 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM... VOU.XxIv. 


+Griphornis Owen MS., Woodward, Intellectual Observer, Il, Dec., 
1862, p. 317. 
Type, Griphornis longicaudatus Owen MS., Woodward. 
é | Archwopteryges. | 
Tpidos, riddle; opvts, bird. 
+Griphosaurus WAGNER, Sitzungsherichte bay. Akad., II, 1861, p. 153. 
Type, Griphosaurus (= Archwopteryx) ------- | Archaopteryges. | 
T'pidos, riddle; Gavdpos, a lizard. 
Gymnocrotaphus Biirrikorrer, Notes Leyden Mus., XVII, June 9, 1896, 
p. 245. 
Type, Brachypus tygus Bonaparte (see Bonapartia). 
| Timaliide. | 
Tupvos, naked; Kpotadgos, side of the face. 
Gymnogyps Lesson, L’Echo du Monde Savant, ser. 2, VI, Dee. 8, 1842, 
col. 1037. 
Type, Vultur californianus Shaw --------------- | Cathartide. | 
(A subgenus of Vultur). 
Tupros, naked; yvy, a vulture. 
Gymnolemus Grant, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 370. 
Type, Anthracoceros marchit Oustalet.—-—--- ---- | Bucerotida. | 
Tupvos, naked; Aazuos, throat, gullet. 
Gymnops Sprx, Avium Species Nove, I, 1824, p. 10. 
Ly pe, Giymnops fasciatus: pix > 2 sees as a ee | Halconide. | 
I'vpvos, naked; wy), face. 
Hagiopsar Suarpr, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 168. 
Type, Amydrus tristrams Selater....--~-2------=- [ Sturnede. | 
" Aytos, sacred; sap, starling. 
Halinertus Heinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomenc!. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 267. 
New name for Ha/iastur Selby, on grounds of purism. 
| Falconide. | 
“Adtos, of the sea; véptos, a bird of prey. 
Halobates Gisren, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. ix. 
New name for Hydrobates Boie_--- ------------ | Procellaride. | 
Haploenas Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 278. 
New name for Zuvracena Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Columbide. | 
‘Amlous, simple, plain; oivas, a wild pigeon. 
Haplopyga Hrucuin, Nachtriige und Bericht. zur Ornith. Nordost- 
Afrika’s, 1871, p. cxxxvi. 
Type: ora astroid (Limnpustiae eon ss eee | Ploceidee. | 
‘Arhous, simple; 7vy7, rump. 


, 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 687 


Heliobucco SHELLEY, Ibis, ser. 6, I, Oct., 1889, p. 476. 
Type, Gymnobucco bonapartii Hartlaub__-__ __ _- | Capitonide. | 
“Hi10s, the sun; + Bucco. 
Heliocorys SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 623. 
Type, Galerida modesta Heuglin .----------___-- | Alaudide. | 
“Hi10s, the sun; Kopus, a lark. 
Heliopais SHarpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Mar. 28, 1893, p. xxxvii. 
Type, Podica personata Gray 2.2.22. --22-- 2: | eliornithide. | 
“Hos, sun; waits, a child. 
Hemithraupis Rrpeway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 226. 
Type, Aglaia cyanocephala Lafresnaye ___-- _..-[ Tanagrida. | 
“Hyutovs (npt-), half; Goavzis, a small bird. 
Herophilus GisreL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. viil. 
New: name for Cecropis Bole. 2 ee | Lirundinide. | 
“Hpws, a hero; ¢gidos, loving. 
Heterhyphantes Suarpe, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 414. 
Type, Malimbus nigricollis Vieillot (first species mentioned). 
[| Ploceidw. | 
“Erepos, other, different; + Hyphantes (vVdavrns, a weaver). 
Heterocnus SHArPe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, V, Dec. 30, 1895, p. xiv. 
Type, Zigrisoma cabanist Heine__--__-_-____-_ 2... | Ardeide. | 
“Erepos, different; O«vos, a bittern. 
Heteropsar SHarper, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 185. 
Type, Lamprocolius acuticaudus Bocage (first species men- 
“VC ENG) SAS SR os aha ee ae oe ae | Sturnidea. | 
"Erepos, different; sap, starling. 
Heteroptilorhis Suarpr, Monogr. Puaradiseidee, Pt. 8, 1898, p. x. 
Type, Craspedophora mantout Oustalet.--____ | Paradiseide. | 
“ETE pos, different; + Prilorhis (xritorv, a feather; pis, nose). 
Heterospingus Ripcway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 225. 
Type, Zachyphonus rubrifrons Lawrence —_____- | Zanagride. | 
“Erepos, different; oriyyos (= ovivos), a small bird, a finch. 
Heterotetrax SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XIII, 1894, p. 296. 
New name for //eferotis Sharpe, preoccupied —____ _- [ Otididee. | 
“Erepos, different; + Tetrau (tétpag, a pheasant). 
Héterotis Suarrr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, June 1, 1893, p. 1. 
Type, Otis vigorsi Smith (see Heterotetrar) ---___-- | Otidide. | 
“Erepos, different; + Otis (writs, a kind of bustard). 
Heterotrogon RicuMonpD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, May 11, 1895, 
p- 602. 
Type, Hapaloderma wittatum Shelley __________ -- | Trogonide. | 
"Erépos, different; + Trogon. 


688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Hilarocichla Oates, Fauna British India (Birds), I, Dec., 1889, p. 248. 
Type, Pteruthius rufiventris Blyth _-_----.----- | Muscicapide. | 

‘TKapos, cheerful, gay; KiyAn, a thrush. 

** Hirundolanius Clarke.” This name is referred to by Count Sal- 
vadori as having been omitted from Waterhouse’s ‘‘ Index.” It, 
however, appears to have no standing; it was not printed in the 
Trans. N. Z. Inst., XIII, 1881, p. 454, and was quoted by Buller 
(Birds New Zealand, ed. 2, I, 1888, p. 119) only to be discredited. 

Histriophaps SaLVvaporI, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 529. 
Type, Columba lastrionica Gould --------.------ | Peristeride. | 

THistrio, an actor; + Phaps (gar, a pigeon). 

Homopelia Satvaport, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, p. 409. 
Type, Columba picturata Temmincek..- -- -- -- -- -- | Peristerida. | 
(A subgenus of Zurtur.) 

Ojos, the same, like; 7éeza, a dove. 

Horizocerus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XII, Oct. 9, 1899, 
p- 28. 
Type, Zoccus hartlaubs Gould _-_--.----1---.-- .-[_Bucerotide.] 

‘Opile@, I limit; Képas, a horn. 

Horizopus OpERHOLSER, Auk, XVI, Oct., 1899, p. 331. 
New name for Contopus Cabanis, 1855, not Contipus de Mar- 
SOU, A Saas mn oa eee eee eee Epes Sg y bicginst [| Zyrannide. | 

‘Opie, I limit; zovs, foot. 

Horizorhinus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 216. 
New name for Cuphopterus Hartlaub, preoccupied - -| Zurdidea. | 

“Opifoo, I limit; zs, nose. 

Houbaropsis SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, June 1, 1893, p. 1. 
Dype, Ons bengalens:s Gmelin sso: 22 es aes | Otidide. | 

Houbara, native name of a bustard; + ois, aspect. 

Houppifer GubRIN-MENEVILLE, Icon. Réegne Anim. Ois., 1829-1838, 
p- 26. 
Type, Phasianus erythrophthalmus Rafiles -- -- -- [ Phasianide. | 

FHlouppe, tuft, topknot; fero, to bear. 

Hydranassa Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 306. : 
Type, Ardea rufa Boddacrt 22" i sei ee eee | Ardeide. | 

"Téap (vdp-), water; avacoa, queen. 

Hydrobates T'emMinck, Planches Coloriées, V (livr. 68), 1826, pl. 406. 
Type, Anas: lobata Shaw 22 oe) >) ee eee | Anatide. | 
Hydrocorax ViriiLot, Analyse, Apr., 1816, p. 63. 
Type, ‘‘ Cormoran Butt.” (= Pelecanus carbo Linneus). 
| Phalacrocoracide. | 
"Té@p (vdp-), water; Kopaé, a raven. 


’ 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 689 


Hyetoceryx Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 336. 
New name for Plaviorhynchus Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Charadriide. | 
‘Teros, rain; Knpvé, herald. 


Hylaérops Grocer, Hand-und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. xxxv. 


Type, Galbula tridactyla Vieillot----------------[ Galbulide. | 
Hylike GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 1848, 

Paix. 
New name for Lersics Vieorso: vale Asoo Fb | leteridee. | 


‘YirKy, material, worldly. 


HylorcktiJus Netson, Auk, XIV, Jan., 1897, p. 71. 
Type, Catherpes sumichrasti Lawrence -- -- -- -- | Troglodytide. | 
“Tin, forest; opyidos, wren. 


Hyperanthus GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir h6here Schulen, 
1848, p. ix. 
New name for Awplectes Swainson ---------------- | Ploceidee. | 
‘T7ép, over, excess; av6os, a flower, gay color® 


Hyphantospiza ReEiIcHENOW, Berichte Allgem. Deutsche Ornith. Ges., 
Feb., 1892, p. 6. 
Type, Coccothraustes olivaceus Fraser --- -- ---- -- | Fringillide. | 
‘Thavrns, a weaver; o7iCa, finch. 
Eypocharmosyna Satvaport, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, p. 72. 


Type, Psittacus placentis Temminck __----__--_------ [ Loriide. | 
‘Tro, under; + Charmosyna (yappoovros, joyful, glad). 


Hypocrites GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. ix. 
New name for A?vtiacincla Gould ..... _.____-_-- | Zimaliide. | 
‘TroKpitns, one who answers, an interpreter, an actor.. 
+Hypselornis LypeKker, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 354. 
Type, Hypselornis swvalensis Lydekker -- -- -- -- -- [| Casuariide. | 
‘Tpndos, lofty, towering; Opvts, bird. 
tIbidopsis LYDEKKER, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 74. 
Type, /bidopsis hordwelliensis Lydekker --__---- -- [| Platalerde. | 
"Tis (if10-), ibis; Oypis, appearance. 
tIdiornis OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, p. 202. 
New name for Orthocnemus Milne-Edwards, preoccupied. 
[Incerte sedis. | 
“Td10s, distinct; Opvzs, bird. 
Ifrita RoruscuiLp, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VII, May 25, 1898, p. liii. 
Lype,, [7rita coronata Rothschild. __ --..--=-- | Zimaliide. | 
’Tfrit, a demon (Arabian). 
Proc. N. M. vol, xxiv-—-01——-44 


690 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Ilyonetta Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 347. 
New name for Vyroca Fleming, on grounds of purism. 
ne [ Anatide. | 
IXvs, mud; vatra, a duck. 
Incaspiza Ripeway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 224. 
Type, Acmophila pulchra Sclater ----.--------- [Fringillide. | 
Inca, an ancient Peruvian; o77Ca, finch. 
Insignipitta Exuiot, Monogr. Pittide, ed. 2, Pt. 5, 1895, p. xvili 
(introd.). 
Type, Pitta elliot, Oustalet...... 7? 222 as [ Pittide. | 
(A subgenus of /%¢ta.) 
Insignis, notable; + Pitta. 
Ipnodomus GuLocEerR, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 304. 
Type, Turdus figulus Lichtenstein -.------------ | Furnariide. | 
"‘Imvos, an oven; 6040s, house. 
Itys WaaLeEr, Isis, 1831, p. 535. 
New name for Ocypetes Wagler (not Ocypeta Leach, 1814). 
| Thinocoride. | 
Ixidia Biytu, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, 1846, p. 50. 
New name for /xvodia Blyth--- -- -- eveos See ae | Timaliide. | 
Ixodes Biytru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, 1846, p. 50. 
‘ype; same as Jzoda, Blyth (as. eee | Zimaliide. | 
1 @6ns, like birdlime; stingy. 
Jaco Lesson, Manuel d’Ornithologie, Il, June, 1828, p. 151; De 
Filippi, Museum Mediolanense, 1847, p. 20. 
Type, ‘‘ Le perroquet gris” (= Psittacus erythacus Linneeus). 
| Psettacide. | 
(A subgenus of /s7ttacus.) 
Jaco, a poll parrot (French). 
Janthothorax Birrrkorer, Notes Leyden Museum, XVI, Mar. 15, 
1895, p. 163. 3 
Type, Janthothorax bensbachi Bittikofer -- --_-- | Paradiseide. | 
"Tov, violet, vos, flower; O@paé, breastplate. 
Jonocicca SALVADoRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 2, III, 
1887, p. 236. 
Type, Porphyrio allend Thomson! _ 92) 228222 eee [ Rallide. | 
"Tov, violet; KixKa, cock. 
Kakatoe Cuvier, Lecons d’Anatomie Comparée, I, Apr., 1800, 2d 
tableau. 
Uiype,."Kakatoes”. . 2. a5 eee ee ee | Cacatwide. | 
Kakatoes, cockatoo (French). 
Kittlitzia Hartert, Katalog Vogelsammlung Mus. Senckenb., 1891, 
Hi Geatiay ) 
. Type, Calornis corvina Kittlitz __...../__---- ___.-[Sturnide. | 
Named for Friedrich von Kittlitz. 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 691 


Kittlitzia HARtLavp, : Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Bre emen, XII, 1892, poet 
Type, Rallus monasa Kittlitz (see eines): _-| Rallide. | 
Named for Friedrich von Kittlitz. 
Laceryzon Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 109. 
New name for Gracupica Lesson, on grounds of purism. 
| Sturnide. | 
Aaképvla, one that cries. 
tLagopterus Moreno and Mercerat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Argen., I), 1891, p. 66. 
Type, Lagopterus minutus Moreno and Mercerat__[{/alconide. | 
(See Asthenopterus.) 
Lambruschinia SaLvaport, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., VI, 1864, p. 487. 
Type, Larus gelastes Lichtenstein -- -- -- -- -- - ee sarida| 
Named for Luigli(?#) Lambruschini. 
Lamprothorax Meyer, Abhandl. und Berichte Mus. Dresden, V, No. 2, 
1894, p. 3. 
Type, Lamprothorax wilheliminw Meyer ------- | Paradiseide. | 
Aapmpos, shining; 6@paé, breastplate. 
Lanioturdinus Birrikorrr, Notes Leyden Museum, XVII, 1895, 
p. 72. 
Type, Corythocichla crassa Sharpe --------------|Timalude.] 
Lanius + Turdinus. 
Laticauda'! Lesson, L’Echo du Monde Savant, ser. 2, VIII, Oct. 22, 
1843, col. 758. 
Type, Zrochilus tyrianthinus Loddiges ______-- -- | Trochilide. | 
(A subgenus of Ornismyia.) 
Latus, broad; cauda, tail. ; 
Lawrencius Boucarp, Genera of Humming Birds (in Humming Bird, 
IV, Pt. 3), Sept. 1894, p. 173. 
Type, Hupherusa cupreiceps Lawrence --- ---- -- -- | Trochilide. | 
Named for George Newbold Lawrence. 
Lecythoplastes RercHENOw, Ornith. Monatsb., VI, July, 1898, p. 115. 
Type, Lecythoplastes preussi Reichenow_____ _- [| Lirundinidee. | 
Ank«véos, an oil vase; tAa@oTNs, a molder, modeler. 
Leptomyza STEJNEGER, Standard Nat. History, IV (Birds), 1885, p. 535. 
New name for Leptornis Hombron & Jacquinot, preoccupied. 
! [Meliphagide. ] 
Leptopelia Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 283. 
New name for Zalpacotia Bonaparte, on grounds of purisin. 
| Peristerid. | 
Aéntos, delicate; 7éAeta, a dove. 


'This name has priority over and should replace Metallura Gould, 1847. 


692 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Leptosittaca BrerLErscH and SToLtzMann, Ibis, ser. 6, VI, July, 1894, 


p. 402. 
Type, Leptosittaca branickit Berlepsch and Stolzmann. 
| Psittacide. | 
Aéntos. delicate; O1TTAKN, a parrot. 
Leptourus Swarnson, Birds of Western Africa, IT, 1838, p. 184. 
Type, Zanclostomus flavirostris Swainson --- ~~ -- -- [| Cuculide. | 
(A subgenus of Zanclostomus.) 
Leucocarbo BONAPARTE, Consp. Gen. Avium, II, 1855, p. 176. 
Type, Carbo bougainvillii Lesson (first species mentioned). 
| Phalacrocoracida. | 
(A subgenus of rile.) 
Aevxos, white; + Carbo (carbo, coal, charcoal). 
Leucenas SALVvAport, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X-XI, 1893, p. 249. 
ype, Columba. qrised taTay- 2.25 22> oa ee | Columbide. | 
(A subgenus of Columba.) 
Aevkos, white; oivas, a wild pigeon. 
Leucophoyx SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, II, Apr. 30, 1894, p. xxxix. 
Type, Ardea candidissema Gmelin _.--+-=+---2.2s- | Ardecde. | 
Aevkos, white; ¢@v&, a species of heron. 
Leucuria Banas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XII, Oct. 31, 1898, p. 173. 
Type, Leucuria phalerata Bangs - --.-.--------=- | Trochilide. | 
AevKos, white; ovpa, tail. 
Lignobucco RrE1cHENOw, Journ. fiir Orn., July, 1887, p. 309. 
Type, Lignobucco consobrinus Reichenow -. -- -- -- | Capitonide. | 
Lignum, wood; + Bucco. , 
Limnetus Bowpicu, Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo, 1825, 
p. 56. 
Type, the Manta (= Falco buteo Linneeus)--..- -- -- | Falconide. | 
Aipyn, a pool, marsh; weds, eagle. 
Limnogeranus SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Mar. 28, 1893, p. xxxvil. 
Type, Ardea americana Linneus -.----------------- | Gruide. | 
Aipvy, a pool, marsh; yépavos, a crane. 
Limoneres REICHENOW, Journ. fiir Orn., July, 1885, p. 372. 
New name for Dinemellia Reichenbach, on grounds of purism. 
| Ploceidee. | 
Aeipoovnpns, belonging to a meadow. 
Lioparus Oars, Fauna Brit. India (Birds), I, Dec., 1889, p. 174. 
Type; Proparus? chryswus Hodgson ------------- | Zimalicde. | 
Aeios, smooth; + Parus (a titmouse). 
tLiornis AMEGHINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 570. 
Type, Liornis flowert Ameghino --_--.-=----=- [ Stereornithes. | 
Aéios, smooth; Oprvzs, ‘bird. 


+Liptornis AmEGHINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 597. | 


Type, Liptornis hesternus Ameghino-- -- ------ -- | Pelecanide? | 


NO. 1267 LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 693 


+Lithophaps Dr Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ser. 2, VI, Sept. 9, 
1891, p. 121. 
Type, Lithophaps ulnaris De Vis ---------------- | Treronida. | 
Aibos, stone; gay, a pigeon. 
Lobibyx Herp, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 384. 


Type, Tringa lobata Latham... .----:-.------ | Charadriide. | 
Loboparadisea RoruscuiLp, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VI, Dec. 30, 1896, 

Poxy.. 
Type, Loboparadisea sericea Rothschild. ___- ~~ -- [ Paradiserda. | 


Aofos, a lobe; + Paradisea. 
Lobospingus Dr Vis, Ibis, ser. 7, II, July, 1897, p. 389. 

Type, Lobospingus sigullifer De Vis---.----------- | Ploceidee. | 
Aofios, a lobe; Oxiyyos (=oztvos), a small bird, a kind of finch. 
Lochmophasis Hrrnr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 

Orn., 1890, p. 298. 
New name for Gallophasis Hodgson, on grounds of purism. 
| Phasianide. | 
Aoyun, a thicket; ¢@ozs, the Phasian bird, pheasant. 
tLophiornis AMEGHINO, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., I, Dec., 1891, 
p. 449. 
Type, Lophiornis obliquus Ameghino _-_- -- -. -- | Stercornithes. | 
Aogia, a ridge, mane; pris, bird. 
Lophobasileus PLesKE, Wiss. Result. Przew. Reis., Zool. Th., 1891, 
pp. 95-96. 
Type, Leptopecile elegans Przewalski--------------[ Turdide.] 
_ Aodgos, crest; Baoievs, a king, prince. 
Lophomyia Firzincrr, Sitzungsb. Ak. Wissensch. Wien, XLVI, Pt. 
1, 18638, p. 235. 
Type, Trochilus magnificus Vieillot._---------- -- | Trochilide. | 
Lophophalaris Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 317. 
New name for Zupha Reichenbach, on grounds of purism. 
| Rallide. | 
Aodos, crest; darapis, a coot. 
Lophozosterops Harrrert, Novitates Zoologicae, III, Dec. 29, 1896, 
pe SGT. 
Type, Lophozosterops dohertyi Hartert _______ ___- | Timaliidea. | 
Aogos, crest; + Zosterops (Cwotnp, a girdle; wy, eye). 
Loria Satvaporti, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 2, XIV, 
May 15, 1894, p. 151. 
Type, Loria loriw Salvadori (= Cnemophilus ?). 
| Ptilonorhynchide. | 
Named for Dr. Lamberto Loria. 


694 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIY. 


+Loxornis AMEGHINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 595. 
Type, Loxornis clwus Amemhino <2 = 5232 eet | Lncerte sedis. | 
Ao&0s, crosswise, slanting; Opvis, bird. 
Lybius Hermann, Tabula Affinitatum Animalium, 1783, pp. 217, 235. 
Type, ‘Le Guifso Balito” Button (= Lowia tridactyla Gmelin). 
| Capitonide. | 
(See Melanobucco.) 
AifBvos, a kind of bird mentioned by Aristotle. 
Lychnidospiza Heucrin, Nachtriige und Bericht. zur Ornith. Nordost- 
Afrika’s, 1871, p. cxxxvii. 
Type, Hstrilda melanogaster Heuglin-------------- | Ploceide. | 
Avyvis (Avyvio-), a plant witha bright scarlet flower; o77€a, a finch. 
Lysurus Rrpcway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 225 
Type, Buarremon CPAassir ost is? Capsin 2 ie.4 sees | Fringillide. | 
Avewv (ve-), to loose; ovpd, tail. 
Macgregoria Dr Vis, Ihis, ser. 7, II], Apr., 1897, p. 251. 
Type, Macgregoria pulchra De Vis___---. -. .- --| Paradisecde. | 
Named for Lady McGregor, wife of the first governor of British 
New Guinea. 
Machlostomus Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 228. 
New name for Zucaius Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Ramphastidee. | 
Mayhos, wanton, lustful; o7o“a, mouth. 
Malacorhynchus WaAGLER, Isis, 1832, p, 1235. 


Type, Anas malacorhynchus Forster --------------- | Anatide. | 
Manikup Desmarest, Hist. Nat. Tangaras, etc., 1805, text to pl. 66. 
Type, Pipra albifrons Gmelin dt fits i ISIE Se Ne | Formicariide. | 


Manikin + huppe. 
Marisca GisrEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 1848, 
p. vill. 
New name for Cossypha Vigors - -----------=----- | Timaliide. | 
Marisca, a kind of fig. 
+Megalapteryx Haast, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., XII, Pt. 5, Dec., 1886, 
Pee kod, 
Type, Megalapteryx hectori Haast -. -- ---- ----[Dinornithide. | 
Méyas (ueyanr-), great; + Apteryx (a, priv. + zrépvé, wing). 
Melanobucco SHELLEY, Ibis, ser. 6, I, Oct., 1889, p. 476. 
Type, Bucco bidentatus Shaw (= Lybius Hermann). 
| Capitonide. | 
Médas (meXav-), black; + Bucco. 
Melanocarbo Brernsrern, in Musschenbroek, Dagboek van Dr. H. A. 
Bernstein’s laatste Reis van Ternate, etc., 1883, p. 119. 
Type, ydrocorax melanoleucus Vieillot.. .-[Phalacrocoracide. | 
Méndasg (pedav-), black; + Carbo (carbo, coal, charcoal). 


_ << a. 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 695 


Melanolarus Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 359. 
New name for J/elagavia Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| | Larida. | 
MéXas (uehar-), black; + Larus (Napos, a gull). 
Melanophoyx SuHarper, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, IL], Apr. 30, 1894, 
p. XXXVI. 
Type, Ardea calceolata Du Bus (= Ardea ardesiaca Wager). 
| Arde:de. | 
Méldas (uehav-), black; ¢@v&, a species of heron. 
Melanospiza Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIX, Mar. 15, 1897, 
p. 466 (note). 
Type, Lomgilla richardsont Cory _.------------ | Fringillide. | 
Mélas (médarv-), black; o7iCa, a finch. 
Melanosterna Biyru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, 1846, p. 373. 
ype, Sterna anethenus Scopoli_.-.-.---2-----2---- | Laride. | 
Mélas (medar-), black; + Sterna. 
Melignomon RricHENOW, Ornith. Monatsb., VI, Feb., 1898, p. 22. 
Type, Welignomon zenkeri Reichenow---- -- -- -- [| /ndicatoride. | 
Mé\1, honey; yv@u@r, an inspector, guardian. 
Mellopitta SrrsNEGER, Standard Nat. History, IV (Birds), 1885, p. 466. 
New name for J/elampitta Schlegel, preoccupied ____[ Pittide. | 
(See Coracocichla.) 
Mel (mell-), honey; + Pitta. 
+Mesembriornis MorENo, Breve Resefia Prog. Mus. La Plata, segundo 
semestre 1888, 1889, p. 29. 
Type, Jesembriornis milne-edwardsii Moreno --[ Stereornithes. | 
Meonpufpia, the south; opris, bird. 
Mesolophus Birrikorer, Notes Leyden Museum, XVII, June 9, 1896, 
p. 247. 
Type, Vanga flawwentris Tickell ____-.---__._--- | Zimaliide. | 
Méoos, middle; \ogos, crest. 
Mesophoyx SuHaArPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, II, Apr. 30, 1894, p. xxxviii. 
Type, Ardea intermedia Wagler. | Ardeide. | 
Méoos, middle; $@vé, a species of heron. 
+Mesopteryx Hurron, Trans. New Zealand Inst., XXIV, May, 1892, 
p- 129. 
Type, Dinornis didiformis Owen ---_--------- | Dinornithide. | 
Méoos, middle; + Apteryx (a, priv. + zrépvé, wing). 
Mesoscolopax SuarPe, Catal. Birds Brit, Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 371. 
Type, Vumenius minutus Gould ------.-------- | Scolopacide. | 
Méoos, middle; + Scolopax (oxohoma&d , a woodcock). 
Metallococeyx REicHENOW, Ornith. Monatsb., IV, Apr., 1896, p. 54. 
Type, Cuculus smaragdinus Swainson -.-- ~~~ ---- -- | Cuculide. | 
MéradnXor, a metal; KOKKVE, a cuckoo. 


696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


+Metapteryx Dr Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ser. 2, VI, May 23, 
1892, p. 453. ; 
Type, Metapteryx bifrons De Wis’..=2-55 22s [Apterygide. | 
Mera, beyond; + Apteryx (a, priv. + wrépv&, wing). 
Mezobucco SHELLEY, Ibis, ser. 6, I, Oct., 1889, p. 477. 
Type, Bucco duvauceli Lesson .--- -- ------------[ Capitonide. | 
Méoos, middle; + Bucco. 
Mezotreron SHARPE, Hand-list of Birds, I, 1899, p. 56. 
Type, Ptilopus dohertyt Rothschild. _-._--.-.----[ Treronide.] 
Méoos, middle; + Zreron (tTenpwv, a dove). 
Micranous SAUNDERS, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, LV, Jan. 29, 1895, p. xix. 
Type, Sterna tenucrostris Temminck ---_._.-.---.----|ZLaride.] 
Mixpos, small; + Anous (avoos, silly, stupid). 
Micropelia Hrrnr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 288. 
New name for Scardafella Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Peristeridea. | 
Mixpos, small; 7é\eza, a dove. 
Microsarcops SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 133. 
Type, Pluvianus cmerea Blyth)... 2.2. 4-22. [| Charadriide. | 
Mixpos, small; caps, flesh; wy, face. 
Microstictus Harerrr, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X VIII, 1890, p. 489. 
New name for Lichtensteinipicus Bonaparte, on grounds of 
PUTIsIA HS) oe Sv EC n eS See ena oper ene [| Picide. | 
Mix pos, small; o7z«7T0s, marked, spotted. 
Microtribonyx SuHarrr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Jan. 26, 1893, 
pe oak. 
Type, Gallinula ventralis Gould 2___ 22.2.2 | Rallide. | 
Mixpos, small; + Zribonyx (tpifery, to rub; ovvé, claw). 
Micruria Grant, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XVI, 1898, p. 594. 
Type, Brachyramphus hypoleucus Xantus (first species men- 
tioned).:; (Gée, Hndomychura): 22 = eka aa Sa oan | Alcide. | 
Mixpos, small; + Uria. 
+Milnea LyDEKKER, Catal, Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 159. 
Type, Milnea gracilis Lydekker ____----------[ @dicnemidw. | 
Named for Alphonse Milne-Edwards. 
Mimetes GLocreR, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 303. 
New name for, A/¢mius Bole: 22 2 ee | Mimide. | 
Mipnrtns, an imitator. 
Mitrospingus Rrpeway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 225. 
Type, Zachyphonus cassini Lawrence ----..------| Zanagride.] 
Mirpa, a miter; oxiyyos (= ozivos), a kind of finch. 
+Moa RricHENBACH, Nat. Syst. der Vogel, 1852, p. xxx. 
Type, Dinornis giganteus Owen... .---------| Dinornithide. | 
Moa, its New Zealand name. 


Pea ee Ye 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 697 


Monedula Linnaus, in Hasselquist, Reise nach Palestina, 1762, p. 294. 
Type, Upupa pyrrhocorax Linneus---------------- | Corvida. | 
Monedula, a jackdaw. 
Monilipitta Evtior, Monogr. Pittide, ed. 2, Pt. 5, 1895, p. xvii (introd.). 
Type, Pitta arquata Gould... ---- - hy Sew ee ee | Pittidee. | 
(A subgenus of /¢7a.) 
Monile, a necklace, collar; + P/tta. 
+Movia RetcHENnBACH, Nat. Syst. der Vogel, 1852, p. xxx. 
avec. dinormnis inyens Owen. 202222222222 [Dinornithide. | 
From Moa, its New Zealand name. 
Miilleria Birtikorer, Notes Leyden Museum, XVII, Aug., 1895, p- 96. 
Type, Vapothera bivittata Bonaparte __________ _- | Timaliide. | 
Named for Salomon Miiller. 
+Mullerornis MinNE-Epwarpbs and Granpiprer, Comptes-Rendus Acad. 
Sci., CX VIII, 1894, p. 125. 
Type, Mullerornis betsilei Milne-Edwards and Grandidier (first 
SVCCE SILAS 1012) (WACO) 1026 0 ee ae a a L&pyornithide. | 
Named for M. Georges Muller. 
Musciparus RercHENow, Ornith. Monatsb., V, Feb., 1897, p. 25. 
Type, Wusciparus tappenbechi Reichenow ____ _- [ Muscicapidwa. | 
Musca, a fly; + Parus (parus, a titmouse). 
Mustoxydes GisTEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. ix. 


29, 1843, col. 756. 
SLEATOE ES 9 TENS ae tice BIR tA De roe | Trochilida. | 
Mixpos, small; pvyyos, beak. 
Myiopagis SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, I, Dec., 
1888, p. 26. | 
Type, Hlammea placens Sclater _.._-__.-_.----...- | Tyrannide. | 
Mvia, a fly; wayis, a trap. 
Myiosobus ReicHeNnow, Journ. fiir Orn., Apr., 1891, p. 210. 
Type, Myiosobus fulvicauda Reichenow __-_. _- -- | Muscicapide. | 
Mvia, a fly; cofé, to drive away. 
Myospiza Ripaway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 224. 
Type, Hringilla manimbe Lichtenstein _________- [| Fringillide. | 
Mods, a mouse; o77fa, a finch. 
Myrmochanes ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., II, Mar. 22, 1889, 
p- 95. . 
Type, Myrmochanes hypoleucus Allen -- ------- | Formicariide. | 
Muppré, an ant; yaive, I gape, yawn, snap. 


1Proposed as a subgenus or ‘‘race”’ of Ornismyia, with the following species: O. hete- 
ropogon Boissonneau, O. iris Lesson (‘‘Or. cupripennis, Bourcier.??’’), O. phoebe Lesson 
and Delattre, O. rhami Lesson, O. parzudaki Lesson, O. michroryncha Boissonneau. 


698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Mystrorhamphus Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. 
Hein. Orn., 1890, p. 313. 
New name for Ajaja Reichenbach, on grounds of purism. 
| Plataleide. | 
Moorpor, a spoon; Paudos, bill. 
Myza Meyer and Wicieswortu, Abhandl. und Berichte Mus. Dresden, 
iV, no. 8, 1895."p. ae 
Type, Iyza sarasinorum Meyer and Wiglesworth. 
| Meliphagide. | 
Mvfao, I suck. 
Nannochordeiles Hartert, Ibis, ser. 7, II, July, 1896, p. 374. 
Type, Chordeiles pusillus Gould ...--— .----- [ Caprimulgide. | 
Navvos, dwarf; + Chordetles (yopén, a harp string; SetA7, evening). 
Nannopterum SuHarper, Hand-list of Birds, 1, 1899, p. 235. 
Type, Phalacrocorax harrisi Rothschild _. --| Phalacrocoracide. | 
Nevvos, dwarf; 7tépov, wing. 
+Necrastur Dr Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ser. 2, VI, May 23, 
1892, p. 437. 
Type, WVecrastur alacer DEN ist 232 a ee eee | Falconide. | 
Nexpos, dead; astur, a goshawk. 
+Necrobyas Mitne-Epwarps, Compte-Rendu Second Congrés Ornith. 
Mat, Eh 8892." p26 
Type, Wecrobyas harpax Milne-Edwards (first species men- 
PONE) Ss «OLED SUN A Ore Dele ae GT alee ee | Bubonide. | 
Nexpos, dead; vas, the owl. 
+Necropsar ‘‘Siarer,” A. Ginruer and E. Newron, Philos. Trans., 
168, 1879, p. 427. 
Type, ecropsar rodericanus “Slater,” A. Giinther and E. 
ING WLOMS Fee 8 th oo Ss Og SR eed et | Sturnide. | 
Nexpos, dead; pap, starling. 
+Necropsittacus Minnr-Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), ser. 5, XIX, 
1874. 7p:-15. 
Type, Psittacus rodericanus Milne-Edwards -- -- - -[Pscttacidee. | 
Nexpos, dead; sbittaxos, a parrot. 
Neneba Dr Vis, Ibis, ser. 7, III, July, 1897, p. 384. 
Type, Weneba prasina De Vis- -=- 2-42. --=2-- 2 [| Meliphagide. | 
Named from the type locality (Neneba, Mt. Scratchley, Brit. New 
(ruinea). 
Neolesbia Savin, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 145. 
Type, Cyanolesbia nehrkorni Berlepsch -- -- -- -- -- [ Zrochilide. | 
Néos, new; + Leshia (Aeo Bia, Leshian). 
Neophema SaLvaport, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, p. 569. 
Type, Psittacus pulchellus Shaws 552: 2 eeseee [ Pstttacidee. | 


Néos, new; $77, voice. 


a 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 699 


Neotis SHarpr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, June 1, 1893, p. I. 
livpenOms vuoi, Ruppell <= 2. ss 55 2 2k | Otidide. | 
Néos, new; + Otis (wris, a kind of bustard). 
Nesacanthis SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, 483. 
Type, Loudia eminentissima Bonaparte -- ~~ -- -- ~~ - -| Ploceda. | 
Nfoos, an island; + Acanthis (a@kavis, a goldfinch). 
Neshyphantes SHELLEY, Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 36. 
Type, Houdsa flavicans E. Newton ____--_-------~- | Ploceide. | 
Nioos, island; + Hyphantes (Vdavtns, a weaver). 
Nesierax OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p- 208. 
New name for //arpe Bonaparte, preoccupied ____[ Halconide. | 
Nioos island; tépa&, a hawk. 
Nesillas OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, p. 211. 
New name for #7/isia Hartlaub, preoccupied ____[ 7imaliide. | 
Naoos, island; 7\Aa@s, a thrush. 
Nesochen Satvaport, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XVII, 1895, p. 126. 
ype, Anser saondvicensis Vigors_ 2-22-2222... =! | Anatidea. | 
Nioos, island; y7v, a goose. 
Nesoctites Harcirr, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, p. 552. 
Type, Picumnus macromegas Sundevall _-_----------- | Picide. | 
Ni@os, island; «titys, a colonist, inhabitant. 
Nesenas SaLvaport, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X X1, 1893, p. 327. 
Wype, Columba mayert Marchal>. <2 25... 2.2222. | Columbide. | 
Nfoos, island; oivas, a wild pigeon. 
Nesolimnas ANDREWS, Novitates Zoologicae, III, Sept. 18, 1896, p. 266. 
Dype;hallus diejfenbacht J. WH. Gray. -_ 2-2. =... | Rallide. | 
Naoos, island; Azurvas (Aiwvaios), marshy, of the mere. 
Nesomimus Ripeway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, Feb. 5, 1890, p. 102. 
Type. Orpheus meanovs Gould. .7 522-25. 255 22... | Mimide. | 
Nijoos, island; + Mimus (wios, an imitator). 
Nesotriccus C. H. Townsenp, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X XVII, July, 
1895, p. 124. 
Type, WVesotriccus ridgwayt C. H. Townsend _-- -- | ZTyrannide. | 
Nnoos, island; + Triccus (tei«Kos, a small bird). 
Nettalopex Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 343. 
New name for Casarca Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Anatide. | 
Narra, a duck; aiw7né, a fox. 
Notophoyx SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, V, Dec. 30, 1895, p. xiii. 
Type, Ardea nove-hollandie Latham -. ---- ~~ -- -- -- | Ardecde. | 
Notos, the south; ¢wv&, a species of heron. 


700 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Nyctalatinus ‘‘ Kaur, 1854,” Gray, Catal. Genera and Subgenera of 
Birds, 1855, p. 135. 
Type, Myctalatinus albipunctatus Kaup (= Nyctale harrisi 
Casein) 622 oe oe eee ee | Bubonide. | 
Nycticorax Forster, Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds, 1817, p. 59. 
Type, Vycticorax infaustus Forster (= Ardea nycticoraz). 
| Ardecde. | 
Nv& (vvkt-), night; Kopaé, a raven. 
Nyctimene Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 252. 
New name for JJacabra Bonaparte - -- -------- -- --| Bubonida. | 
Nv& (vvukt-), night; “7v7, the moon. 
(nenas SALVADORI, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, p. 248. 
Type, Columba nigrirostris Sclater (first species mentioned) 
(Avsubgenus, of Colma) a: cae ae se a ee | Columbide. | 
Oivos, wine; oivas, a wild pigeon. 
Cnolimnas SuHarre, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Jan. 26, 1893, ». xxviii. 
Type, Rallina isabellina Schlegel ----..-----.-----|allide.] 
Oivos, wine; Aiuvas (Aiuvaios), marshy, of the mere. 
nopopelia Biuanrorp, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), IV, 1898, p. 47. 
Type, Columba tranquebarica Hermann -. -- -- -- -- | Peristeride. | 
Oiveomos, wine-colored; 7é\éza, a dove. 
Onychornis GisrrL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. ix. 
New name for Megalonyx ‘*VOrbigny” -- -- -- | Pteroptochide. | 
“Ovvg (ovvuy-), a claw; Opvts, bird. 
Ophrydornis BirrmkorEeR, Notes Leyden Museum, XVII, Aug., 1895, 
TORINO AEE 
Lype, Setaria albigularis, Blyth 2. —22 2 3-= 22-222 [| Zimaliide. | 
Odpus, eyebrow; Opvis, bird. 
+Opisthodactylus AmEcuino, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., I, Dec., 
1891, p. 453. 
Type, Opisthodactylus patagonicus Ameghino -__[Stereornithes. | 
‘Omiobodaxktvi\os, with fingers bent backward. 
Oreoctistes SHARPE, Ibis, ser. 5, VI, Oct., 1888, p. 388. 
Type, Oreoctistes leucops Sharpe =. -- -- 22 2-22 S222 | Timaliide. | 
”Opos (opé-), mountain; KTioTys, a settler. 
Oreospiza RipGway, Manual N. A. Birds, ed. 2, Apr. 2, 1896, p. 605. 
Type, Hringilla chlorura Audubon -.-- -- -- -- -- -- | Fringillide. | 
* Opos (ope-), mountain; o77Ca, finch. 
Oreospiza Dr Vis, Ibis, ser. 7, II, July, 1897, p. 388. 
Type, Oreospiza fuliginosa De Vis (see Oreostruthus). 
| Ploceiae. | 


“Opos (opé-), mountain; o7iCa, finch. 


. 
. 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. TOL 


Oreostruthus Dr Vis, Ibis, ser. 7, IV, Jan., 1898, p. 175. 
New name for Oreospiza De Vis, pr Pecunied Le se | Ploceide. | 
” Opos (opé-), mountain; @TPOVAds, sparrow. 
Ornatipitta Exxior, Monogr. Pittide, ed. 2, Pt. 5, 1895, p. xviii 
(introd.). 
ype, Turdus guajonus Muller <= --2..--.-5--...--- | Pittide. | 
(A subgenus of Pitta.) 
Ornatus, decorated, adorned; + P’tta. 
+Ornithodesmus SEELEY, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XLIII, 1887, p. 206. 
Type, Ornithodesmus cluniculus Seeley ---- ---- [Lncerte sedis. | 
“Opvis (opvib-), a bird; deoMos, a bond. 
Oronertus Hetne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 272. 
New name for Phalcobenus Lafresnaye, on grounds of purism. 
[| Falconide. | 
“Opos, mountain; vépros, a bird of prey. 
+Orthocnemus Minnn-Epwarps, Compte-Rendu pecond Congres Ornith. 
Tnt., II, 1892, p. 74. 
Type, Orthocnemus gallicus Milne-Edwards (first species men- 
Honea). (See iorntis) 2). 225 2 Pe eee [ /ncerte sedis. | 
"Op§os, straight; Kvjpun, leg. 
Ortholophus Grant, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 424. 
Type, Buceros albocristatus Cassin (first species mentioned). 
f | Bucerotide. | 
Opéos, straight, upright; Jogos, crest. 
Ortygonax Hertnr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 321. 
Type, Lallus rytirhynchus Vieillot (first species mentioned). 
: ; [| Rallida. | 
“Optv& (optvy-), a quail; avaé, king. 
Ortygops Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 320. 
New name for Cotuwrnicops Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
: | Rallide. | 
“Optvs (optvy-), a quail; + wy. 
Oryzivora JERDON, Birds of India, I], 1863, p. 359. 
Type, Oryzwora leucotis ‘* Blyth,” Jerdon-_____-_--- [ Ploceidee. | 
Oryza, vice; vorare, to devour. 
+Osteornis GeRvVAIS, Bull. Soc. Philomath. de Paris, IIT, 1844, pp. 68-69. 
Type, Osteornis ardeaceus Gervais (first species mentioned). 
' : | Lncerte sedis. | 
Ootéov, bone; opvis, bird. 
Ostiarius GistaeL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir hGhere Schulen, 1848, 
Ds x. 
New name for ‘‘ Pselopus Oken, Gould” ____ _- --[Juscicapide. | 
Ostiarius, « doorkeeper. 


702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Othyphantes SHELLEY, Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 37. 
Type, Sycobrotus reichenowt ieee ies iat Va eos) 
Ous (wr-), ear; + Hyphantes (vdavrns, a weaver). 
+Owenornis Moreno and Mercerat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Argen., I), 1891, p. 64. 
Type, Owenornis affinis Moreno and Mercerat (first species 
mentioned) 35202. ooh Bae oe eee [ Stereornithes. | 
Named for Richard Owen. 
Oxypelia Sarvaport, Catal. Birds Brit. inet , »AI, 1893, p..490: 
Type, Peristera cyanopis Pelzeln;® ..22- 3-5 =— 2 (pce 
"OE Us, sharp, keen; 7éAéza, a dove. 
Pachycephalixus Birrrkorer, Notes Leyden Museum, XVII, June 9, 
1896, p. 241. 
Type, Muscicapa sinensis Gmelin _------------ [Pycnonotide. | 
Pachycephala (rays, thick; Kepadn, head), + Zrus (tS 0s, a miser). 
+Pachyornis LypEKKER, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 316. 
Type, Dinornis elephantopus Owen- ---------- | Dinornithida. | 
Tlayvs, thick; Opvis, bird. 
Pachyphantes SHELLEY, Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 36. 
Type, Hyphantornis superciliosus Shelley -- -- -- -- -- [| Plocerdee. | 
Tlayvs, thick; + Zyphantes (vdavtns, a weaver). 
+Palaeo-casuarius Forpes, Trans. New Zealand Inst., XXIV, May, 1892, 
p. 189. 
A nomen nudum here etn Sere ok | Dinornithide. | 
TlaXanos, ancient; + Casuarius (kassuwaris, a native name). 
+Paleociconia Moreno, Breve Resefa Prog. Mus. La Plata segundo 
semestre 1888, 1889, p. 30. 
Type, Palwociconia australis Moreno.---..---- | Stereornithes. | 
IlaXai0s, ancient; + Ciconia (ciconia, a stork). 
+Paleocolymbus SEELEY, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc., I, 1864, p. 228 
(nomen nudum). 
Type, Palwocolymbus barretti Seeley (nomen nudum). 
| Knaliornithide. | 
ITaXaids, ancient; + Colymbus (kodupfos, a diver). 
+Paleocorax Forses, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Dec. 31, 1892, p. xxi. 
Type, Corvus moriorum Porbes --2 .222 22-2222 2? | Corvide. | 
ITahards, ancient; Kopaé, a raven. 
+Paleocryptenyx Drrrret, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., CXIV, Mar., 
1892, p. 691. 

Type, Palwocryptonyx donnezani Depéret- ------ [| Phasianide. | 
Tladatds, ancient; + Cryptonyx (kpumtos, hidden; ovvé, claw). 
+Paleogrus Portis, Mem. R. Acc. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, XXXVI, 1885, 

p. 362. 
Type, Palwogrus princeps Portis e745 e sieah ee eer cee | Gruide.] 
ITaXatos, ancient; + Grus (grus, a crane). 


eT ee 


NO. 1267. ’ LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 703 


+Paleolimnas Forsss, Ibis, ser. 6, V, Oct., 1893, p. 544. 
Type, Pulica newtont Milne-Edwards-------------- [| Rallide. | 
Tlahaios, ancient; Aiuvas (A\tpvaios), marshy, of the mere. 
tPaleopelargus Dr Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, ser. 2, VI, May 
23, 1892, p. 441. 
Type, Palewopelargus nobilis De Vis_------------- | Ciconiide. | 
ITaXiat0s, ancient; 7élapyos, a stork. 
+Paleospheniscus MorENOand Mercerart, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Arrenss DE) 189t, pi.29- 
Type, Palwospheniscus patagonicus Moreno and Mercerat.' 
3 [ Spheniscide. | 
TlaXaios, ancient; + Spheniscus (odnviokos, odnv, a wedge). 
+Paleotetrix SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XI, 1892, p. 415. 
Type, Palwotetrix gilt Shufeldt----..-.-------- | Zetraonide. | 
TlaXat0s, ancient; TéTpi&, a grouse. 
{Palaétus Minnne-Epwarps, Rech. Ois. Foss. France, II, 1870, p. 57i 
(a nomen nudum here). 
Type, Palaétus rapax Milne-Edwards (a nomen nudum here). 
‘ | Falconide. | 
Tlahaios, ancient; wéT0s, eagle. 
Pallasicarbo Cours, Osprey, III, May (June 10), 1899, p. 144. 
Type, Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Pallas --[ Phalacrocoracida. | 
(A subgenus of Phalacrocorax.) 
Pallas,’ one of the giants; + Curbo (carbo, coal, charcoal). 
Palmeria RoruscuHiLp, Ibis, ser. 6, V, Jan., 1893, p. 113. 
Type, Palmeria mirabilis Rothschild (= Limatione dolet Wilson). 
| Drepanide. | 
Named for Henry Palmer. 
Palumbis Forster, Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds, 1817, p. 55. 
Type, Columba palumbus Linneeus - -- -- -- ~~ -- - -- [| Columbide. | 
Palumbus, « wood pigeon. 


Pan Ricumonp, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, p. 77. 
New name for 7Zetragonops Jardine, preoccupied (see Semnor- 
PUI SLAY Shee Ie ACRES, oi i aS cx Se oaks ales A | Capitonide. | 
Hav, Pan, a god of the forest. 
Paramythia Dr Vis, Ann. Report Brit. New Guinea (1890-91), 1892, 
App. CC, p. 95. 
Type, Paramythia montium De Vis. 
[| Sturnide (= Paramythiide). | 
Ilapapvdia, encouragement, consolation. 


1 P. antarcticus Moreno and Mercerat is the first species mentioned, but Ameghino 
has selected this as the type of another genus (Paraptenodytes). Palzospheniscus 
patagomceus, which is second on the list, may perhaps stand as the type of the genus. 

?Or for Peter Simon Pallas. » 


\ 


704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. "VOL. XXIV. 


+Paraptenodytes AMEGHINO, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., I, 1891, 
p. 447. 
Type, Palwospheniscus antarcticus Moreno and Mercerat. 
[| Spheniscide. | 
Ilapa, beside; + Aptenodytes (axtynv, wingless; dUTns, diver). 
Pardaliparus DE Srtys-Lonecuamps, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, LX, 
1884, p. 73. 
Type, Parus elegans Lesson (first species mentioned) - -[Paride. | 
Pardatotus + Parus. 
Parnopio Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 314. 
New name for Hagedashia Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 


[| Lhidide. | 
Paryphephorus Meyer, Ibis, ser. 6, Il, Oct., 1890, p. 420. 
Type, Craspedophora duivenbodei Meyer --- -- -- [| Puradiseide. | 


Tlapudn, ahem or border; dopé, I bear. 
+Patagornis Moreno and Mrrcerat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Argen., I), 1891; p. 55. 
Type, Patagornis marshi Moreno and Mercerat (first species 
MEMUIONEA) yo Pees se tee et eee ee eae | Stereornithes. | 
Patagonia; Opvts, bird. 
Pecuarius Temminck, Manuel d’Ornithologie, ed. 2, III, 1835, p. 76. 
Substitute name for Pastor Temminck. - ---- ------ | Sturnide. | 
Pecuarius, relating to cattle, a grazier. 
Pedilorhynchus RrIcHENOw, Journ. fiir Orn., Jan., 1892, p. 34. 
Type, Pedilorhynchus stuhlmanni Reichenow - - -|duscicapide. | 
T1éd1X0v, a sandal; pvyyos, bill. 
+Pelagornis SreLEY, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, XVIII, Aug., 1866, 
p. 110 (a nomen nudum here). 
Type, Pelagornis barretti Seeley (a nomen nudum here). 
| Knaliornithide. | 
+Pelargocrex Miune-Epwarps, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, i, July 4, 1893, 


p. liv. 
New name for Pelargopsis Milne-Edwards, preoccupied (see 
PAOPGOPUD DUS) 22 See oe ae eee See ee ee | Ciconvide. | 


Hlehapyos, a stork; + Crex (Kpé&, a crake). 
tPelargodes LypEeKKER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Apr. 1, 1892, p. 477. 
New name for Pelargopsis Milne-Edwards, preoccupied. 
| Ciconiide. | 
ITeXapyos, a stork; €700s, form. 
tPelargopappus STEJNEGER, Standard Nat. History, IV (Birds), 1885, 
p. 163. 
New name for Pelargopsis Milne-Edwards, preoccupied. 
| Crconiidee. | 
TleXapyos, a stork; wazzos, a grandfather. 


LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 705 


NO. 1267, 
+Pelargopsis Mrtnr-Epwarps, Rech. Ois. Foss. France, I, 1867, p. 460. 
Type, Pelargopsis magna Milne-Edwards (see Pelargodes,; Pelar- 
| Ctconiidee. | 


OMe LW QUDODTUS) Sacre == 528 ke on Bea 
TTeXapyos, a stork; Oyts, look, appearance. 
Pelasgia Istp. Grorrroy Sv.-Hinarmer, L’Echo du Monde Savant, IT : 
1837, p. 74. 
Type, Hirundo pelagica Linneus --.----------- [ Micropodide, | 
TeXaoyia, Pelasgia, an early name of Greece. 
tPelecyornis AmEGHINO, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., I, 1891, p. 448. 
New name for /’s¢/opterus Moreno and Mercerat_[ Stercornithes. | 
Peltohyas SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XIV, 1896, p. 307. 
Type, Hudromias australis Gould ------------- [| Charadriide. | 
ITé\rn, a shield; + Hyas. 
Penthetriopsis SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 220. 
Type, Loaia moineau Miller (first species mentioned). 
| Ploceide. | 


Penthetria (wevOntpia, a mourner); + O7pis, aspect. 
Perissocephalus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 


1899, p. 209. 
New name for Gymnocephalus Isid. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, pre- 
| Cotingide. | 


occupied (see Calvifrons) 


/ , 
ITepiooo0s, wonderful; «edady, head. 
Perissornis' OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 


[| Sturnide. | 


p. 216. 
New name for Delophus Vieillot, preoccupied - - - -- 


Tlepioo0s, wonderful; Opvis, bird. 
Perissospiza OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII, Apr. 23, 
1900, p. 227. 
New name for Pycnorhamphus Hume, preoccupied. 
| Pringillide. | 


/ 7, > 
Ilepiooos, wonderful; oa, a finch. 
Phacelias Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 


1890, p. 67. 
New name for Aelaartia Blyth, on grounds of purism. 
| Timaliida. | 


/ 
PakéXos, a bundle. 
Phaedrus GisreL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 


1848, p. Ix. 
New name for /vos Temminck -_-----_--------- | Pycnonotide. | 


Paid pos, beaming, radiant. 
Phaeospiza BocaGnr, Jorn. Sci. Math., Phys. e Nat. Lisboa, XII, no. 


xlvii, Jan., 1888, p. 148. 
Type, Phacospiza thomensis Bocage (= Ligurnus rufobrunneus 
| Fringillide. | 


EFL ia ee RR lh 
Pads, dusky; o7iCa, a finch. 


1 Perissornis will have to give way to Creatophora Lesson, 1847 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——45 


706 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Phassa Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 281. : 
New name for Ramphiculus Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Zreronide. | 

Pacoa, the wood pigeon. 
Philomela Linck, Beschr. Natur. Samml. Univers. Rostock, I, 1806, 

vu oe 

Substitute name for Sylvia Bechstein ___.--______- | Zurdida. | 


Phoenicurus ForsTER, Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds, 1817, p. 16. 
Type, Phoenicurus ruficilla Forster (= Motacilla phanicurus 


(uamhzeus) ooo. 2 se ee eee ee [| Zurdide. | 
Pholia RetcHENOw, Ornith. Monatsb., VIII, July, 1900, p. 99. 
Type, Pholia hirundinea Reichenow. -- -- -- ---- [Muscicapide. | 


Poia (Pw@eia), life in a hole or cave. 


+ Phorusrhacos' AMEGHINO, Enum. List. Especies Mam. Fosiles, Dec., 
1887, p. 24. t 
Type, Phorusrhacos longissimus Ameghino----- [ Stereornithes. | 
Popos, bearing; PaKos, a ragged garment. 
Phyllopezus ‘‘SHarrPe MS.,” SHELLEY, Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 187. 
Type, Parra africana Gmelin (see Actophilus)-_- --|Jacanide. | 
Pv}Aor, a leaf: meCos, walking. 


t Physornis AMEGHINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 576. 
Type, Physornis fortis Ameghino -_-.-..----.- | Stereornithes. | 
Pica, bellows; Opvis, bird. 


Piculus Istp. Grorrroy St.-Hmarre, Nouv. Ann. du Mus. d’Hist. 
Nat., ser. 3, I, 1832, p. 396. 
ype Vune manuta; Vietllot:.= =) os3ee ee 2.2 Pierdeal 
Piculus, dim. of picus, a woodpecker. 


Piculus Hopason, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, X, Pt. 1, 1841, p. 21. 
New name for Viv7a Hodgson, on grounds of purism_| /%c7de. | 
Piculus, dim. of picus, a woodpecker. 
Piculus Brenm, Isis, Sept,, 1842, p. 650. 
Ly pe, f2eus minor Linneesy-22 3) ese eee ers [ Picidee. | 
Piculus dim. of picus, a woodpecker. 
Pionites Hine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
L890. pe Zoi". 
New name for Cazca Lesson, on grounds of purism. 
| Psittacide. | 
Iliwv, plump, sleek; with suflix ¢tes. 


1This has been amended to Phororhacos Ameghino, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., 
i, Aug., 1891, p. 256; also to Phororhacis, Sclater, Ibis, Jan., 1893, p. 41 (note), where 
the derivation is assumed to be Popéw, and paKkis. 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERM: 2 OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 707 


Pisynolimnas Herne, j in { Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 317. 
New name for rythra Reichenbach, on grounds of purism. 
‘ | Rallide. | 
ITiovvos, confiding in; Azjwvas, marshy, of the mere. 
Pithecophaga Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VI, Dec. 30, 1896, p. xvi. 
Type, Pithecophaga jeffery Grant__-.----.------ | Hulconida. | 
Ii#n«cos, amonkey; ¢ayeiv (dayos), to eat. 
Plagiospiza Ripeway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 224. 
Type, Avmophila superciliosa Swainson _-___-_- -- | Fringillide. | 
ITayios, oblique; o7iCa, a finch. 
Plectroperdix Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 293. 
New name for Hepburnia Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Phasianide. | 
IT\nKtpov, a cock’s spur; + Perdix (7ép61&, a partridge). 
Plectrura GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. x. 
New name for Oxzyura Bonaparte -.-.------+------ | Anatide. | 
IT\pKrtporv, a paddle; ovpa, tail. 
Poecilotreron Hetne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 281. 
New name for Sy/phidenu Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Treronide. | 
IloikiXos, spotted, mottled; teypav, a dove. 
Pogonites Hrrn4, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 226. 
New name for Buccanodon ‘* Verreaux” Hartlaub, on grounds 
at (OCT SCs ES oR ee a eg ee ee [| Capitonide. | 
Il@ycvitns, bearded. 
Polemaétus Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 270. 
Type, falco bellacosus Daudin ___-_..---.-..-+--- | Halconide. | 
Tlo\emos, war; wéTOs, eagle. 
Poliolimnas SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Jan. 26, 1898, p. xxviii. 
Type, Porphyrio cimereus Vieillot___--------.-.---- | Rallida. | 
TTo\10s, gray; Aipvas (Azuvaios), marshy. 
Polionetta Oates, Manual Game Birds of India, Pt. 2, May 18, 1899, 
p. 149. 
Type, Anas pecilorhyncha Forster ---.------------ [Anatide. | 
TTohi6s, gray; vatta, a duck. 
Poliopsar SHarPE, Ibis, ser. 5, VI, Oct., 1888, p. 476. 
Type, Sturnus sericeus ‘Gmelin Gan Spodvopsar) - _ ..[Sturnide. | 
IToh10s, gray; ap, starling. 


708 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Poospizopsis BeRLEPSCH, Ibis, ser. 6, V, Apr., 1893, p. 208. 
Type, Poospiza cesar Sclater and Salvin- -- ---- -- | Lringillide. | 
e , “ ” 
Poospiza (moa, grass; o7iCa, finch); + ozs, aspect. 


Porphyreicephalus RetcuENow, Vogelbild., Syst. Verz., 1883, p. 1. 
Emendation of Purpureicephalus Bonaparte --- -- [| Psittacida. | 
Tlop¢vpa, purple; Kegan, head. 
Porphyriornis ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, May 9, 1899, 
Perot. 
Type, Porphyriornis comer Allens eee eee [| Rallide. | 
Tlop¢vpa, purple; pris, bird. 
Porzanula FroHAwK, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, IX, Mar., 1892, 
p. 247. 
Lype, Porzanula palmert Frohawk. ------..-------- [| Pallide. | 
Porzanula, dim. of Porzana. 
Potamochelidon Hiner, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn... 1890, p: 355. 
New name for Scena Blyth, on grounds of purism __.[ Laridw. | 
Tlorapos, river; Yehiowv, a swallow. 
Pratincola DeGLAND, Ornithologie Européenne, II, 1849, p. 106. 
Type, irundo pratincola Linnveus (first species mentioned). 
| Cursoriida. | 
Pratum, a meadow; incola, inhabitant. 
Premnoplex CuERRIE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, Sept. 4, 1891, p. 339. 
Type, Margarornis brunnescens Lawrence ___| Dendrocolaptidea. | 
IIpéuvov, a stump, tree trunk; zlAnooe, to strike. 
Prionornis ‘*ScuaTeR MS.,” SALvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 
Aves, II, May, 1895, p. 454. 
New name for Prionirhynchus Sclater, preoccupied. 
| Momotida. | 
ITpiwv, a saw; Opvts, bird. 
Prister HEINE, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 350. 
Type, Mergus brasiliensis Vieillot_.2 222 2__ 222222 | Anatide. | 
IIpiotnp, a sawyer. 
+ Prociconia AMEGHINO, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., I, 1891, p. 445. 
Type, Prociconia lydekkert Ameghino------ -- -- -- | Cicontidw. | 
Pro, before; + Ciconia (ciconia, a stork). 
+ Proherodius LyprekkrEr, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus, 1891, p. 60. 
Type, Proherodius owent Lydekker --------------- [Arderde?| 
IIpo, before; + Herodius (&p0@010s, heron). 
+ Propelargus LypEKKER, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 65. 
Type, Propelargus cayluxensis Lydekker- -- ---- -- [ Ciconirdee. | 
IIpo, before; zéhapyos, a stork. 


NO, 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 709 


+Prophaethon ANDREws, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Pt. 3, Oct. 1, 1899, 
pe (00. : 
Type, Prophaethon shrubsolec Andrews -------[Phaéthontide. | 
IIpo, before; + Phaethon. 
Prospoietus CaBanis, Journ. fiir Orn., Jan., 1892, p. 126. 
Type, Pachyrhamphus albinucha Burmeister (see Xenopsaris). 
| Cotingide. | 
IIpoorontos, assumed, pretended, adopted. 
+ Protibis' AMEGHINO, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., I, 1891, p. 445. 
Type, Protibis cnemialis Ameghino.--- -- -------- [| Plataleide. | 
II[poros, the first; + 77s (781s, the ibis). 
+ Protornis H. von Meyer, Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineralogie, 1844, p. 338. 
Type, Protornis glarniensis von Meyer -------- [Lncerte sedis. | 
IIpéros, the first; 0pvzs, bird. 
Psaltria GistTEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 1848, 
peek 
New name for Salzcarza Selby .-.2..-.-----+-.---: | Turdide. | 
Wadrpia, a female harper. 
Pselliophorus Ripaway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 225. 
Type, Zachyphonus tibialis Lawrence ---- -- -- -- [ Fringillide. | 
Wé\hior, armlet, bracelet; gopos, bearing. 
Pseudalaemon Puiuurps, Ibis, ser. 7, 1V, July, 1898, p. 400. 
Type, Calendula fremantli Phillips ------------ [Alaudide. | 
Wevdns, false; + Alwmon (alnucv, a wanderer, rover). 
+ Pseudapteryx LyprekkeEr, Catal. Fossil Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 218. 
Type, Pseudapteryx gracilis Lydekker . - .. .-----[ Apterygide. | 
Wevdns, false; + Apteryx (a, priv.t-2répvé, wing). 
Pseudofringilla Humr, Stray Feathers, I, Feb., 1873, p. 314. 
Type, /ndicator xanthonotus Blyth ___. -. ------[Jndicatoride. | 
Wevdns, false; + Fringilla (fringilla, a sparrow). 
Pseudogeranus SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Mar. 28, 1893, 
Pe EX VI 
Type, Grus leucauchen Temminck __.-...- --_----- | Gruidea. | 
Wevodns, false; yépavos, a crane. 
Pseudoglottis SrEJNEGER, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn., I, Sept., 1884, p. 223 
(note). 
Type, Zotanus guttifer Nordmann (= Pseudototanus Hume). 
[ Scolopacide. | 
Wevdns, false; + Glottis (glottis, a small bird). 
+ Pseudolarus AMEGHINO, Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., I, 1891, p. 446. 
Type, Pseudolarus cocenus Ameghino (see Ameghinia). 
| Stereornithes. | 
Wevdns, false; + Larus (Napos, a gull). 


1Protorhea Moreno and Mercerat, 1891, described as a bird, has been shown by 
Ameghino (Revista Argentina Hist. Nat., I, 1891, p. 448) to be a mammal. 


710 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Pseudominla Oarus, Ibis, ser. 6, VI, Oct., 1894, p. 480. 
New name for S’tt/parus Oates, preoccupied - -- -- [| Zimaliidee. | 
Wevdns, false; + Minla (minla, a Nepalese name). 
Pseudomyobius SALVADOR! and Fersra, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. 
Torino, XV, No. 362, Nov. 17, 1899, p. 12. 
Type, Pseudomyobius annectens Salvadori and Festa. 
| Zyrannide. | 
Wevdns, false; + Myiobius (uvia, a fly; Baive [fer], I go after. 
Pseudonestor Roruscui_p, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Mar. 28, 1893, 
Ds XXX: 
Type, Pseudonestor xanthophrys Rothschild -- -- --[Drepanide. | 
Wevodns, false; + Nestor (Néotwp). 
Pseudospingus BrertErscu and StToLtzMANnn, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 
Aug. 1, 1896, p. 346. 
Type, Dacnis wanthophthalma Taczanowski (first species men- 
tioned) S802 Sh Se ee Seas [ Zanagride. | 
Wevodns, false; oxiyyos (= omivos), a small bird of the finch kind. 
Pseudospiza SHARPE, in Rowley’s Ornithological Miscellany, I, Pt. 3, 
Jan., 1876, p. 207. 
Emendation of Pseudofringilla Hume --- -- -- -- [ Lndicatoride. | 
Wevdns, false; owiCa, finch. 
+ Pseudosterna Mrrcerat, Anales Soc. Cientifica Argentina, XLII, 
No. v, May, 1897, p. 237. 
Type, Pseudosterna degener Mercerat (first species mentioned). 
| Laride. | 
Wevodns, false; + Sterna. 
Pseudostruthus OustaLer, Le Naturaliste, ser. 2, IV, Dec. 1, 1890, 
p. 274. 
Type, Pseudostruthus gongonensis Oustalet -- -- --[Fringillide. | 
Wevdns, false; oTPovG0s, sparrow. 
Pseudotharrhaleus Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, IV, June 29, 1895, 
p. ‘xl. 
Type, Pseudotharrhaleus caudatus Grant ----- -- -- [| Timaliide. | 
Wevdns, false; + Tharrhaleus (Gappakéos, bold, daring). 
Pseuduria SHARPE MS., Couns, Osprey, II, May (June 10), 1899, p. 144. 
Type, ‘‘ Black guillemots with 14 rectrices” (= Cepphus columba 
Pallas; iete.) 28: 2c 2.5 50.2 22a ee eee | Alcidee. | 
Wevdns, false; + Uria. 
Psilomycter HartertT, Ornith. Monatsb., VII, Oct., 1899, p. 160. 
Type, Zrochilus theresiw Da Silva_-_.------------ [ Trochilide. | 
Widos, naked, bare; MUKTIP, nose, snout. 
+ Psilopterus Moreno and Mercerat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Argen., I), 1891, p. 67. 
Type, Psilopterus communis Moreno and Mercerat (see ele- 
CHOTILIS EMO VAP he yten i See ae | Cathartide (= Stereornithes). | 
Widos. bare, naked; zrepor, wing. 


| 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS —RICHMOND. (Rat 


Psilopus *‘ Tem.” Bonapartr, Consp. Gen. Avium, I, 1850, p. 141. 
Mee aLCCy WONT GEBY == no oar a [| Capitonide. | 
Widos, naked; zovs, foot. 
Psiloscops Cougs, Osprey, III, May (June 10), 1899, p. 144. 
Type, Scops flammeola Kaup ...--------.-------- | Bubonide. | 
(A subgenus of J/egascops). 
Widos, bare, smooth; ¢K@y>, a small owl. 
Pteridophora Meyer, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, IV, Dec. 29, 1894, p. xi. 
Type, Pteridophora alberti Meyer - ----.-------- | Paradiseide. | 
ITrepis, fern; ¢éperv, to bear. 
Pteronetta SALVADORI, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X XVII, 1895, p. 63. 
Type, Querquedula hartlaubt Cassin. ..---~--------- | Anatide. | 
IItepov, wing; vAtta, a duck. 
Pterygocys Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 288. 
New name for Pteroclurus Bonaparte - - - - -- -- -- -- | Pteroclide. | 
TTrépvé, wing; wKus, swift, fleet. 
Ptilocorys Maparasz, Magyor. Madaras Fuz., II, 1899, p. 48. 
New name for Galerida (emend. Galerita) Boie, 1828, not 
Rae oaPapticiiss: 10 Lian paeet tty ele oot sae ess [| Alaudidee. | 
ITriXtov, a feather; Kopus, a lark. 
Ptilolemus GRANT, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 392. 
Type, Buceros tickelli Blyth (first species mentioned). 
: | Bucerotide. | 
ITrikov, feather; Aazuos, throat. 
Ptiloprora Dr Vis, Ann. Report Brit. New Guinea (1893-94), 1894, 
App. EE, p. 103. 
Type, Ptilotis? guisei De Vis (first species mentioned). 
| Meliphagide. | 
ITritov, feather; 7pw@pa, prow. 
Ptiloxena CHAPMAN, Bull Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1892, p. 307. 
Type, Quiscalus atroviolaceus VOrbigny -- .-- -- -- -- | leteridee. | 
IIritor, feather; Sévos, strange. 
Ptocas Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 342. 
New name for Rufibrenta Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Anatide. | 
IItwKas, shy, timorous. 
Ptynx Biyrx, in Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, 1840, p. 175 (note). 
‘Dype,) Siren wratenses Pallasems ist Sse on 20s oe. | Bubonide. | 
Hrvyé, a water bird. 
Pulchripitta Exiror, Monogr. Pittide, ed. 2, Pt. 5, 1895, p. xvii 
(introd.). 
byipe. ple vores, COU ee eee eer as Sts = | Pittidee. | 
(A subgenus of P’tta.) 
Pulcher, beautiful; + Prtta. 


(bes PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Rectirostrum REIcHENOW, Ornith. Monatsb., I, Feb., 1893, p. 32. 
Type, Rectirostrum hypochondriacum Reichenow - -[| Timaliide. | 
Rectus, straight; rostrum, beak. 
+Remiornis Lemoine, Rech. Ois. Foss. Environs de Reims, Pt. 2, 1881, 
pe los: 
Type, Remiornis hebertz Lemoine... -------- -- [| Gastornithide. | 
Remus, an oar; Opvis, bird. 


Remiza STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. LX, Feb. 10, 1887, p. 387. 
New name for Aegithalus Boie, preoccupied. -- -- - - -- [ Paride. | 
PRemiz, the Polish vernacular name of Parus pendulinus Linneeus. 


Rhabdochlamys OustaLet, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat., III, 1897, p. 208. 
Type, Rhabdochlamys dejeant Oustalet- -- -- -- -- -- | Zimaliida. | 
‘Pafdos, a rod; yAamus, a mantle. 
Rhabdotorrhinus Mryer and WiaiEswortrnH, Abhandl. und Berichte 
Mus. Dresden, V, no. 8, 1895, p. 6. 
Type, Buceros exaratus Temminck -------------- | Bucerotide. | 
‘PafBdcrtos, striped, streaked; pis, nose. 
Rhagoborus Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 229. 
New name for Badllonius Cassin, on grounds of purism. 
| Ramphastide. | 
‘Pag (payo-), a grape; Popos, devouring. 
Rhagorhina GuLoGER, Hand und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 360. 
Type, Columba auricularis Temminck (an artifact). 
| Lncerte sedis. | 
‘Pag (payo-), a grape; pis, nose. 
Rhamphotreron Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 279. 
New name for Zoria Hodgson, on grounds of purism. 
| Zreronide. | 
‘Papdos, beak; + Zreron (tenpwv, a dove). 
Rhaphidornis RericHENow, Ornith. Monatsb., V, Aug., 1897, p. 123. 
Type, Rhaphidornis flavifrons Reichenow - -- --| Nectariniide. | 
‘Padis (pagid-), a needle; Opris, bird. 
Rhimphalea Hrmnr and REIcHENow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, 
p- 338. 
New name for Stc/tza Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Cursoriide. | 
‘Pindahéos, light, swift. 
Rhinornis GisteL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. x. 
New name for RAinomya Geottroy St.-Hilaire-[Pteroptochide. ] 
‘Pis (ptv-), nose; Opvis, bird. 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICH MOND. falls} 


Rhodacanthis Roruscuitp, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, X, July, 
1892, p. 110. 
Type, Rhodacanthis palmert Rothschild -___--- -- | Drepanide. | 
‘Podor, rose; + Acanthis (axaviis, a goldfinch). 
Rhodornis SHELLEY, Birds of Africa, 1, 1896, p. 67. 
Type Pholidornis rubrifrons Sharpe and Ussher __ __[ Dicwida. | 
“Podov, rose: Opvis, bird. 
Rhodothraupis Ripcway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 226. 
Type, Fringilla celeno Lichtenstein -___-------- [ Fringillide. | 
‘Podor, rose; Goauzis, a little bird, like the goldtinch. 
Rhombura GuiocErR, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, I, 1842, p. 360. 
Type, Columba oxyura Temminck-___-_-.----.--- | Zreronidea. | 
‘Pou pos, rhomb; ovpa, tail. 
Rhopocichla Oates, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), I, Dec., 1889, p. 159. 
Type, Brachypteryx atriceps Jerdon _.-------- ..-[ Timaliide. | 
Pep (peo 0s), underwood, brushwood; «iyA7, a thrush. 
Rhopocichla ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., III, Feb. 20, 1891, 
p. 199. | 
Type, Myiothera ardesiaca Wied _-------_--. - [ Formicariide. | 
“Pwy (p@70s), underwood, brushwood; «iyA7, a thrush. 
Rhynchortyx Grant, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, p. 448. 
Type, Odontophorus spodiostethus Salvin (first species men- 
‘CETTE SS SNe eae ee a Re. aS eae a A [ Phasianide. | 
“Poyxos, beak; + Ortyx (Optvé&, a quail). 
Rhynchosimus Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 326. 
New name for Zerekia Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
t . | Scolopacide. | 
‘Puyyxos, beak; 610s, uphill, concave. 
Rhynchospiza Ripaway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 224. 
Type, Hemophila stolzmanni Taczanowski -- -- - - [Pringillide. | 
“Puyyos, beak; o7i€a, a finch. 
Riparia Forster, Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds, 1817, p. 17. 
Type, Piparia europea Forster (= Lirundo riparia Linneeus). 
| Hirundinide. | 
Riparius, frequenting river banks. 
+ Rostrornis Moreno and Mrercerat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Argen., I), 1891, p. 40. 
Type, Lostrornis floweri Moreno and Mercerat__[ Stereornithes. | 
Rostrum, beak; Opvts, bird. 
Rothschildia PERKINS, in Wilson and Evans, Aves Hawaiienses, June, 
1899, p. xxi. 
Type, Himatione parva Stejneger___-_---------- | Drepanide. | 
Named for Mr. Walter Rothschild. 


714 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV: 


Rubricapilla Bren (see Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XIII, Pt. 2, 
1844, p. 954). 
Type, the *‘ Redpole linnets ”« .----. 25 2._- _..-[Fringillide.] 
Rubra, red; capillus, hair. 
Rupicola Boapanow ‘‘1881,” Consp. Av. Imp. Ross., Pt. 1, 1884, p. 1. 
Type, Columba livia Bonnaterre (first species mentioned). 
[| Columbide. | 
Rupes, a rock; éncola, an inhabitant. 
Salvadorina RoruscuiLp and Hartert, Novitates Zoologicae, I, Sept., 
1894, p. 683. 
Type, Salvadorina waigiuensis Rothschild and Hartert. 
[| Anatide. | 


Named for Count Tomaso Salvadori. 
Sapheopipo Hararrv, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, p. 378. 
Type, Picus noguchi Seebohme,2* =... 25 = as2 hes | Picide. | 
Sadés, clearly, plainly; 777@, a kind of woodpecker, 
Sarcogeranus SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Mar. 28, 1893, 
pp: Seva 
Type, Grus leucogeranus Pallas -.--.--=------=2--= | Grucde. | 
Sap (capk-), flesh; yépavos, a crane. 
Sarcogyps Lesson, L’Echo du Monde Savant, ser. 2, VI, Dec. 8, 1842, 
col. 1038. 


Type, Valtur pondicervanus Latham --. .------- -- [ Vulturide. | 


(A subgenus of Vultur). 
aps (capk-), flesh; vv, a vulture. 
Sarganura Dre Vis, Ann. Report Brit. New Guinea (1896-97), 1898, 
Appendix AA, p. 87. 
Type, Sarganura maculiceps De Vis - -- -- ----~- [ Meliphagide. | 
Sapyavy, a plait, band; ovpa, tail. 
Sarothrura Hrinr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, ‘p. 319. 
New name for Corethrura Reichenbach, preoccupied -[allidea. | 
Sapwbhpor, a sweeping broom; ovpa, tail. 
Sceorhynchus Oates, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), I, Dec., 1889, p. 68. 
Type, Paradoxornis ruficeps Blyth .---------------- | Paride. | 
Sxazds, awkward, clumsy; Pvyyos, beak. 
Scaniornis Dames, Bihang K. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XVI, Pt. 4, no. 1, 
1890, p. 4, pl. 
Type, Scaniornis lundgrent Dames -.- -- ------ -- [Jneerte sedis. | 
kava (oxnvn), a tent; Opvis, bird. 
Scenopeetes Cours, Auk, VIII, Jan., 1891, p. 115. 
New name for Scenopweus Ramsay, preoccupied. 
| Peclonorhynchide. | 
2Kyvos, a tent, house; zoitys, maker. 
Schoeniclus Forsrer, Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds, 1817, p. 51. 
Type, Emberiza scheniclus Linneeus -- -- -- -- -- -- [Pringillide. | 


NO, 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 715 


Sclateria OpERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 209. 
New name for /eterocnemis Sclater, preoccupied. 
| Hormicariide. | 
Named for Dr. P. L. Sclater. 


Scototheres Hrmnr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 249. 
New name for Lempzijius Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Rubonide. | 


I , 
2Kotos, darkness; 467pa@, I hunt. 


Scotothorus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 208. 
New name for //eteropelma Bonaparte, preoccupied -[ Pipride. | 
2xKoros, darkness; foperv, to leap. 


Scyrornis GistEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 
1848, p. x. 
New name for Szalza Swainson ------+--.-.---..---- | Turdide. | 
TKdpos, gypsum, stucco; pris, bird. 


Semnornis Ricumonp, Auk, XVII, Apr., 1900, p. 179. 
New name for Pan Richmond (vice Zetraganops Jardine), pre- 
meempnhe ties: melts eters hh Co ko elke 5 ut ae [| Capitonide. | 
euros, solemn; dpris, bird. 
Serinopsis Ripaway, Auk, XV, July (May 13), 1898, p. 225. 
Type, fringiila arvensis Kittlitg ._..._-.--2+--- [Fringillidea. | 
Serinus (a serin-finch), + 61s, appearance. 


Serrator SpPRUNGLI, in Storr, Alpenreise, I, 1784, p. 74. 
Type, Mergus merganser Linneeus - -- -- -- ---------- | Anatide. | 


Setogyps Lesson, L’Echo du Monde Savant, ser. 2, VI, Dec. 8, 1842, 
col. 1088. 
Type, Vulturimperialis Temminck (first name cited) | Vilturide. | 
(A subgenus of Vu/tur). 
Seta, a bristle, + Gyps (vv, a vulture). 
Sirycter Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 309. 
Type, Ardea cyanocephala Molina --.-------------- | Arderde. | 
Zvpiktyp, the male crane. 
Sittiparus Oates, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), I, Dec., 1889, p. 171. 
Type, MWinla cinerea Blyth (see Pseudominta) - -- -- | Timaliide. | 
Sitta (oittn, a kind of woodpecker), + Parus (parus, a titmouse). 
Spathopterus Nortn, Ibis, ser. 7, 1, July, 1895, p. 339. 
Type, Polyteles alexcandre Gould -_-.----.------- | Psittacide. | 
Szaby, a blade; zTEpov, wing. 


716 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL-MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Spermophilopsis Rornscuiip, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, [V, May 31, 1895, 
1, SoxeOcV ie 
New name for Drepanorhynchus Dubois, preoccupied. 
| Fringillide. | 
Spermophila (oréppa, seed; pidetv, to love); + ozs, aspect 
Spiloptera ‘‘ Bryru,” JERDON, Birds of India, I, 1862, p. 492. 
Type, Zroglodytes punctatus Blyth... ._____- --[ Troglodytide. | 
(See Hlachura.) 
Spilospiza Satvaport, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 1, VII, 
1875, p. 643. 
New name for Lrythrospiza Kaup, preoccupied _ __[ Falconide. | 
27idos, a spot; o77ias, a sparrow-hawk. 
Spodiopsar SuarPE, Ibis, ser. 6, I, Oct., 1889, p. 580. 
New name for Polvopsar Sharpe, preoccupied _- -- - - [| Sturnide. | 
7006105, ash-colored; sap, a starling. 
Sporathraupis Ringway, Auk, XV, Oct., 1898, p. 331. 
New name for Hemithraupis Ridgway, preoccupied. 
| Tanagride. | 
Szopa, seed; Gpavzis, a small bird, like the goldfinch. 
+Staphylornis Mrercerat, Anales Soc. Cientifica Argentina, XLII, No. 
V, May, 1897, p. 238. 
Type, Staphylornis gallardoi Mercerat (first species mentioned). 
| Stereornithes. | 
Sradvhy, a bunch of grapes; Oevis, bird. 
Stasiasticus Harrert, Novitates Zoologicae, III, Dec. 29, 1896, p. 539. 
Type, Stastasticus montis Hartert ._.--.-----.----[Zimalude. | 
Sraciaotikos, seditious. 
Stelgidillas OBrERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII, Oct. 9, 1899, 
p. 30. | 
Type, Andropadus gracilirostris Strickland —_ --[ Pycnonotide. | 
Srelyis (orehyi6-), a scraper; ihAas, a thrush. 
Stelgidostomus Rrpaway, Auk, XV_ July (May 13), 1898, p. 226. 
Type, Saltator maxillosus Cabanis ----------- -- [Pringillide? | 
Srelyis (oredyi0-), a scraper; oTOMa, mouth. 
tStephanornis Mrercrerat, Note sur la Géologie de la Patagonie, 1893, 
p- 9. 
AR VID@ <== 2 5 2 te ee = Be ee ee | Stereornithes. | 
Sréhavos, crown; Opvts, bird. 
Stephanoxis Simon, Catal. Famille des Trochilides, 1897, p. 40. 
New name for Cephallepis Loddiges, preoccupied _[ Zrochilide. | 
Srépavos, crown; 0Svs, sharp, pointed. 
+Stereornis Moreno and Merrcrerat, Anales Mus. La Plata (Paleon. 
Argen., 1), 1891, p. 45. 
Type, Stereornis rollier’. Moreno and Mercerat (first species 
Mmentioned)s ee Ae se oe EAL, tee RNS eerie | Stereornithes. | 
Srepeos, solid, fixed; opvzs, bird. 


NO. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. raed 


Stictognathus BUrrmKorEn, Notes een ircone XV II, June 9, 
1896, p. 242. 
Ty pe, Pycnonotus taivanus Styan ____--------- | Pycnonotida. | 
Zriktos, marked, spotted; yvados, jaw. 
euotolimiias BtrrrmoFrEer, Notes Leyden Museum, XV, Oct., 1893, 
p. 274 
pe, Stictolimnas sharpet Biittikofer -..---.------ | Rallidea. | 
Zriktos, spotted; Auvas (Ayuwvaios), marshy, of the mere. 
Stictospiza SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 287. 
Type, Pringilla formosa Latham -- -- -- ------------[ Plocetda.| 
2riKt0s, spotted; o7xiCa, a finch. 
Stilbopsar RercHENow, Ornith. Monatsb., I, Feb., 1893, p. 31. 
Type, Stelbopsar stuhlmannii Reichenow ------ ~~ -- [ Sturnide. | 
rife, I shine, glitter; ap, starling. 
Stizoptera OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 215. 
New name for Stictoptera Reichenbach, preoccupied -[ Plocezde. | 
2ri€w@, | mark; zrEpor, wing. 
Stizorhina OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 213. 
New name for Cassinia Hartlaub, preoccupied __[ I/uscicapide. | 
riCe@, I mark: zs, nose. 
Styptes GisTEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, 1848, 
p-2Xi. 
New name for 7igrisoma Swainson _--_------------- | Ardeide. | 
2rintos, trodden down. 
Sylvicola Bogpanow ‘*1881,” Consp. Av. Imp. Ross., Pt. 1, 1884, p. 3. 
Type, Columba fusca Pallas (first species mentioned). 
| Columbida. | 


Sylva, a wood, forest; ¢ncola, an inhabitant. 
tTachyornis Mitnn-Epwarps, Compte-Rendu Second Congrés Orn. 
Inteketa 2, 1892. p.,.66: 
Type, Zuchyornis hirundo Milne-Edwards (see Belornis). 
| Lncerte. sedis. | 
Tayvs, swift; Opvis, bird. 
Tantalops Cours, Key to North American Birds, ed. 2, 1884, p. 653. 
Type, Tantalus loculator Linneeus. - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- | Ciconiida. | 
Tantalus (Tavranos, a king of Phrygia); + @. 
tTaoperdix Mitne-Epwarps, Rech. Ois. Foss. de France, I, 1870, 
p. 225. 
Type; Tetrao? pessiett Gervais .-_-.-+.---------- | Phasianide. | 
Tas, a peacock; 7ép61&, partridge. 
+Taphaetus Dr Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ser. 2, VI, Sept. 9 
1891, p. 123. 
Type, Urowtus brachialis DS \Wikh ate | Fulconidee. | 
Tados, grave; aétds, eagle. 


718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


+Tapinopus Minnre-Epwarps, Compte-Rendu Second Congrés Orn. Int., © 


eimes 1892.0: 19: 
Type, Zapinopus elliot Milne-Edwards (see Diatropornis). 
. [ /ncerte sedis. | 
Tazeivos, low; 2ovs, foot. 
Tectonornis SHARPE, Monogr. Paradiseide, Pt. 1, 1891. 
New name for Scenopwus Ramsay, preoccupied (see Sceno- 
DOLELES),..- et & SIME eRe So aaa eee ee | Ptelonorhynchide. | 
Téxtov, a builder; opvzs, bird. 
Telespyza Wirson, Ibis, ser. 6, I, July, 1890, p. 341. 
Type, Telespyza cantans Wilsom 2. 22 2.222 322223 | Drepanide. | 
Tyre, far away; o7iCa, a finch. 
Temnurus Swainson, ‘‘ Classification of Birds,” I, July, 1837, p. 337. 
Type, Zemnurus albicollis Swainson (= Trogon temnurus 'Tem- 
minek) 2! SL eeoes tok Oe es Rare ee eee eee | Zrogonide. | 
(A subgenus of Trogon.) 
Téuvoo, I cut; ovpa, tail. 
Terenotreron Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 280. 
New name for 7houarsitreron Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Zreronide. | 
Tépevos, soft, delicate; + Treron (teypev, a dove). 
Thamnocharis ScuaTER, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, p. 310. 
Type, Grallaria dignissima Sclater and Salvin .[ormicariide. | 
Oapvos,a bush; yapts, grace. 
+Thegornis AMEGHINO, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, XV, 1895, p. 598. 
Type, Zhegornis musculosus Ameghino (first species mentioned). 
| Halconide. | 
Onye, to sharpen; Opris, bird. 
Thereiceryx BLanFrorD, Ibis, ser. 6, V, Apr., 1893, p. 237. 
Type, Bucco zeylonicus Gmelin. ---------------- | Capitonide. | 
Oégpos, summer; K7pvs, herald. 
Thringorhina Oates, Fauna of Brit. India (Birds), I, Dec., 1889, p. 155. 
Type, Zurdinus guitatus Tickell -.-.-:-2-.2. ==. | Zimatiidee. | 
Opiyy0s, cornice, eaves; is, nose. 
Thryolegus OpeRHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p- 210. 
New name for Zimnophyes Sclater, preoccupied -[/urnaride. | 
Opvov, a rush; héy@, I lie down. 
Tigriornis SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, V, Dec. 30, 1895, p. xiv. 
Type, Zigrisoma leucolophum Jardine ------------- | Arderdu. | 
Tiypts, tiger; Opvts, bird. 
Timeta GisreL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs fiir hGhere Schulen, 1848, 
De ik. | 
New name for Zeptorhynchus Du Bus -- -- -- | Recurvirostride. | 
Tints, an appraiser. 


— — 


Hl 
: 


NO. 1267, LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 719 


+Titanornis Mercerat, Note sur la Géologie de la Patagonie, 1893, p. 5. 
Type, Titanornis mirabilis Mercerat -- -- - - -- -- | Stereornithes. | 
Titav, Titan; Opris, bird. 
Tolmerus Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 260. 
New name for Chéquera Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Kalconide. | 
Todunpos, bold. 
+Tolmodus' AMEGHINO, Revista Argent. Hist. Nat., I, Aug., 1891, p. 157. 
Type, Zolmodus inflatus Ameghino---- ~~ -- -- -- [ Stereornithes. | 
Tolpua, daring, boldness; od 0vs, tooth. 
Tolmolestes Herne, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn., 1890, p. 270. 
New name for Spizastur Lesson, on grounds of purism. 
| Halconide. | 
Toya, daring; Anvortns, robber. 
Trachylaemus RrercHENow, Journ. fiir Orn., 1891, p. 394. 
Type, Capito gopine Pc mle Celso. eet | Capitonide. | 
Tpayvs, rough; hazuds, throat. 


Traversia RoruscuHiLp, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 1V, Dec. 29, 1894, p. x. 
Type, Traversia tyalle Rothschild-_._..-.2------.- [| Xenzcide. | 
Named for Henry H. Travers. 
Trichocichla REicHENOw, Journ. fiir Orn., ‘*Oct.,” 1890, p. 489. 
Type, Zrichocichla rufa Reichenow.- -- .---.---- -- | Timaliide. | 
Opis (rpiy-), hair; «ty, thrush. 
Tricholimnas Suarpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, Jan. 26, 1893, p. xxviii. 
Type, Gallirallus lafresnayanus Verreaux__._..__--[ Rallida. | 
Opig (tpty-), hair; Aipvas (Azuvaios), marshy, of the mere. 
Trichoparadisea Mryrr, Abhandl. und Berichte Mus. Dresden, IV, 
No. 3, 1893, p. 20 
Type, Paradisea guiluelma Cabanis_-_----.------ | Paradiscide. | 
Opié (rpryx-), hair; + Paradisea. 
Trigonoceps Lesson, L’ Echo du Monde Savant, ser. =o VI, Dee. 8, 1842, 
col. 1088. 
Type, Vultur occupitalis Burchell__-.-.-------.-- | Vulturidea. | 
(A subgenus of Viu/tur). 
Tpiywvos, three-cornered; + Caput (ceps), head. 
Trochilus Forster, Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds, 1817, p. 14. 
Type, Zrochilus minor Forster (= Sylvia rufa Bechstein). 
| Zurdide. | 
Trygon Brenm, Handb. Vég. Deutschl., 1831, p. 495. 
Type, Columba migratoria Linneeus__------- ~~ -- | Columbide. | 
Tevy er, the turtle dove. 


1 Here described as a mammal. 


720 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIY. 


Tryzusa Herr, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 276. 
New name for Zurturwna Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
, | Columbide. | 
Tevf@, I coo like a dove. 
Tusalia Hopcson (see Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XII, Pt. 2, 
1843, p. 9387). 
Same as Coceyeura Hodgson 2222522 =. 55ers | Columbide. | 
Tusalia, a Nepalese name. 


tTylopteryx Hurron, Trans. New Zealand Institute, XXIV, May, 1892, 
DamaliG. 
Type, Dinornis gracilis Owen (first species mentioned). 
| Dinornithide. | 
(A subgenus of Dinornis.) 
Tv}os, a swelling (in allusion to the top of the skull); + Apteryx 
(a, priv. +2répvé, wing). 


Typanus Nrrzscu, Obsery. Avium Arteria Carotide Communi, 1829, 
pls: 
Type Charadrius eqyptius Linneeus ----- ~~ ~~ -- | Charadriidea. | 
Tvravos, a kind of bird. 


Tyto Heme, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 252. 
New name for J/yrtha Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
| Bubonidee. | 


- , ° 
Ture, the night owl. 


Ulocomus Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 229. 
New name for Beauharnes‘us Bonaparte, on grounds of purism. 
3 : | Ramphastide. | 
OvXos, curly; Kom, hair. 
Uratelornis Roruscuiip, Novitates Zoologicae, II, Dec. 30, 1895, p. 479. 
Type, Uratelornis chimaera Rothschild _ ~~ ~~~ ---- | Coraciide. | 
Oupa, tail; TéXos, complete, perfect; opvis, bird. 
Urococeyx SHELLEY, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XTX, 1891, p. 398. 
Type, Phanicopheus erythrognathus Hartlaub —___- | Cuculida. | 
Oupa, tail; KOKKVE, a cuckoo. 


Urodrepanis SHELLEY, Monograph Nectariniide, Pt. 1, July, 1876, p. 79. 
Type, “thopyga christine Swinhoe - -- ~~ ---- -- | Vectariniide. | 
Ouvpa, tail; + Drepanis (Opexarvy, a sickle). 
Urophlexis STrEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, Aug. 2, 1892, 
p. 341. 
New name for Urosphena Swinhoe, preoccupied -- --[ Zurdide.] 
Ovpa, tail; ¢\eSis, name of an unknown bird. 


EES 


NO. 1267, LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 721 


Vestipedes Lesson, L’Echo du Monde Savant, ser. 2, VIII, Oct. 22 
1843, col. 756. 
Wie ee ree ere ere at et OE TY SO SE | Trochilide. | 
Vestis, a covering; pes, the foot. 
Viridonia Roruscuitp, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, X, July, 1892, 
p. 112. 
Type, Viridonia sagittirostris Rothschild_---_-_ -- | Drepanide. | 
Warszewiczia Boucarpb, Genera of Humming Birds (in Humming Bird, 
V, Pt. 1), Mar., 1895, p. 224. 
Type, Helsangelus viola Gould _-....--------=--- | Trochilide. | 
Named for Josef Warscewicz. 
Xanthixus Oares, Fauna Brit. India (Birds), I, Dee., 1889, p. 274. 
Type, Pycnonotus flavescens Blyth------------- | Pycnonotide. | 
EZavéos, yellow; + Lrus. 
Xanthochlamys Suarper, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, IV, Dec. 29, 1894, p. xv. 
Type, Amblyornis subalaris Sharpe ----- -- | Ptilonorhynchide. | 
EZavéos, yellow; yAamuvs, cloak, mantle. 
Xanthocnus Suarpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, II], Apr. 30, 1894, p. xxxvii. 
Type, Ardea flavicollis Latham (first species mentioned). 
| Arderde. | 


9 


EZavéos, yellow; 0«vos, bittern. 
Xenopsaris Ripcway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, Oct. 22, 1891, 
p- 479. 
Type, Pachyrhamphus albinucha Burmeister -- -- -- | Cotingide. | 
Eévos, strange; bap, a starling. 
Zalias Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 
1890, p. 362. 
New name for ‘* Z/zellus (!) Rehb. 1853, nee Glog. 1827.” 
: | Pufiinide. | 
Zakyn, surf, spray. 
Zapterus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 201. 
New name for Huhyas Sharpe, preoccupied __--[ Charadriida. | 
Za, intensive particle; 77epov, wing. 
Zarhynchus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 
p. 215. 
New name for Hucorystes Sclater, preoccupied ____ _- [ Lcterida. | 
Za, intensive particle; pvyyos, bill. 
Zeledonia Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XI, Sept. 20, 1889, p. 537. 
Type, Zeledona coronata Ridgway ----.----------- | Zurdide. | 
Named for Seftor José C. Zeledon. 


1 Proposed as a subgenus or ‘‘race’’ of Ornismya, with the following species: O. 
vestita Lesson; O. pennata (new here); O. maniculata Lesson (new name, = ‘‘O. vestita 
femma, Long., Rey. Zool., 1838, p. 314’); O. glomata Lesson (new here). Vestipedes 
is equivalent to, and earlier than, Hriovcnemis. 


Proc: N. M. vol. xxiv—01l——46 


(22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


Zonifer SHARPE, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 154. 
Type, Charadrius tricolor Vieillot..----------- | Charadrude. | 
Zovn, a girdle, belt; dé, I bear. 
Zonophaps SALvaport, Catal. Birds Brit. Mus., X-XI, 1893, p. 207. 
Type, Carpophaga forster’ Temminck -- ~~~ ~~ ~~ -- | Zreronide. | 
(A subgenus of Carpophagqa). 
Zovn, a belt, girdle; day, a pigeon. 
Zosterornis GRANT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, III, June 30, 1894, p. 1. 
Type, Zosterornis whiteheadi Grant... -------- --[Timaliide.] 
Zwortnp, a girdle; opvzs, bird. 


CATALOGUE OF GENERA MENTIONED IN THE FOREGOING LIST, 
ARRANGED BY FAMILIES. 


[Fossil genera are indicated by italics.] 


INCERT# SEDIS. ALCID. 
Alcatras. Endomychura. 
Barornis. Micruria. 
Belornis. Pseuduria. 
Camaskelus. ANATIDA. 
Cimolopterys. Adelonetta. 
Crypt eh ate Alopochen. 
Diatropornis. Asarcornis. 
Dolychoeix. Centrornis. 
Evaphrocnemus. Chenornis. 
Eupterornis. DaGlula 
Huryonotus. Elasmonetta. 
Filholornis. oneariin 
Lee Eutelornis. 
Loxornis. Gennaeochen. 
Ornithodesmus. Ey deahates 
Orthocnemus. boa 
0 oe Tlyonetta. 
Osteornis. 

Penkopite Malacorhynchus. 

Hehe count. Nesochen. 

Gintama Nettalopex. 

Scaniornis. Pisces 

Tachyornis. es 

Taino, Polionetta. 
apinopus. Pacts 

EGIALORNITHIDA. Piacente 
Agialornis. PEBRaA 

/EPYORNITHIDZ. Salvadorina. 
Flacourtia. Serrator. 
Mullerornis. ay 

APTERYGID. 

ALAUDID. 


Metapteryx. 


pa ecaniles, Pseudapteryx. 
Corydon. ; 
Eremopterix. ARCH HOPTERYGES. 
Etoimus. Griphornis. 
Heliocorys. Griphosaurus. 
Pseudalaemon. ARDEID. 

Ptilocorys. Ardeacites. 


NO, 1267 LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 123 
ARDEID AS—Continued. CAPITONID A—Continued. 
Doriponus. Pogonites. 
Dupetor. Psilopus. 
Erythrocnus. Semnornis. 
Erythrophoyx. Thereiceryx. 
Glaucerodius. Trachyleemus. 
Heterocnus. CAPRIMULGID&. 
Hydranassa. Nannochordeiles. 
Pemepphoyx: CASUARIIDA. 
Melanophoyx. eae 
3 Hypselornis. 
Mesophoyx. = s 
Notophoyx. cele ARTIDA. 
Nycticorax. Sey DODGE Ue: 
Proherodius. CHARADRIID&. 
Sirycter. Anomalophrys. 
Styptes. Dilobus. 
Tigriornis. Euhyas. 
Xanthocnus. Hurypterus. 
ARTAMID&. SaNae: 
Cataphania. Hyetocery =: 
BUBONID&. res 

: Microsarcops. 

Ascalaphia. 
Peltohyas. 
Cetupa. T 
2 ypanus. 
Necrobyas. : 

: Zapterus. 
Nyctalatinus. ae 
Nyctimene Onur, 
el CICONIID&. 
Psiloscops. E 

Amphipelargus. 
Ptynx. . 
: Diplocercus. 
Scototheres. 5 
Diplura. 
Tyto. 
hips Palxopelargus. 
BU CEROTID&. Pelargocrex. 
Cassidix. Pelargodes. 
Gymnolemus. Pelargopappus. 
Horizocerus. Pelargopsis. 
Ortholophus. Prociconia: 
Ptiloleemus. Propelargus. 
ieee aes Tantalops. 
CACATUID. CLADORNITHIDZ. 
Kakatoe. Cladornis. 
CAMPEPHAGID&. COZRREBIDZE. 
Diaphoropterus. Cyanerpes. 
CAPITONID. COLUMBID. 
Abelterus. Amaurcenas. 
Aleator. Coccyzoenas. 
Cladurus. Coelotreron. 
Erythrobucco. Corypheenas. 
Geniates. Dendrophaps. 
Heliobucco. Dendrotreron. 
Lignobucco. Dialiptila. 
Lybius. Haploenas. 
Melanobucco. Leuccenas. 
Mezobucco. Nescenas. 
Pan. Cincenas. 


724 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


COLUMBID A—Continued. 


Palumbis. 
Rupicola. 
Sylvicola. 
Trygon. 
Tryzusa. 
Tusalia. 
COLYMBID A. 
Colymbetes. 
CORACITID A. 
Geranopterus. 
Uratelornis. 
CORVIDA. 
Jornix. 
Galgulus. 
Monedula. 
Palxocoras. 
COTINGIDA. 
Alticeps. 
Calvifrons. 
Carnifex. 
Perissocephalus. 
Prospoietus. 
Xenopsaris. 
CRACES. 
Gallinuloides. 
CRACIDA. 
Cumana. 
CUCULID&. 
Clamator. 
Dynamopterus. 
Leptourus. 
Metallococeyx. 
Urococcyx. 
CURSORITDA. 
Pratincola. 
Rhimphalea. 
DENDROCOLAPTID &. 
Deconychura. 
Premnoplex. 
DIC AID Z. 
Acmonorhynchus. 
Rhodornis. 
DICRURID&. 
Dissemurulus. 
DINORNITHIDZ. 
Anomalornis. 
Megalapteryx. 
Mesopteryx. 
Moa. 
Movia. 
Pachyornis. 
Palivo-casuarwus. 
Tylopteryx. 


DREPANID. 
Chlorodrepanis. 
Chrysomitridops. 
Ciridops. 

Dialis. 
Drepanorhamphus. 
Drepanorhynchus. 
Palmeria. 
Pseudonestor. 
Rhodacanthis. 
Rothschildia. 
Telespyza. 
Viridonia. 

DROMORNITHID 2. 
Genyornis. 

ENALIORNITHID 2. 
Enalornis. 
Palxocolymbus. 
Pelagornis. 

FALCONIDA. 
Alectromorphnus. 
Anopaia. 
Asthenopterus. 
Brewsteria. 
Cymindus. 

Elasas. 
Erythrotriorchis. 
Euhierax. 
Foetopterus. 
Gennadas. 
Gymnops. 
Halinertus. 
Lagopterus. 
Limnietus. 
Necrastur. 
Nesierax. 
Oronertus. 
Palaétus. 
Pithecophaga. 
Poiemaétus. 
Spilospiza. 
Taphaetus. 
Thegornis. 
Tolmerus. 
Tolmolestes. 


FORMICARIID A. 
Calobamon. 
Formicicapa. 
Manikup. 
Myrmochanes. 
Rhopocichla. 
Sclateria. 
Thamnocharis. 


VOL. XXIV. 


NO. 1267. 


FRINGILLID. 
Arremonops. 
Brachyspiza. 
Clibanus. 
Cocornis. 
Compsospiza. 
Dictaea. 
Drepanorhynchus. 
Kurhinospiza. 
Geospiza. 
Hyphantospiza. 
Ineaspiza. 
Lysurus. 
Melanospiza. 
Myospiza. 
Oreospiza. 
Perissospiza. 
Phaeospiza. 
Plagiospiza. 
Poospizopsis. 
Pselliophorus. 
Pseudostruthus. 
Rhodothraupis. : 
Rhynchospiza. 
Rubricapilla. 
Schoeniclus. 
Serinopsis. 
Spermophilopsis. 
Stelgidostomus. 


FURNARIIDA. 
Aphrastura. 
Certhiaxis. 
Tpnodomus. 
Thryolegus. 

GALBULID &. 
Hylaérops. 

GASTORNITHID 2. 
Remiornis. 

GRUIDA. 
Geranopsis. 
Limnogeranus. 
Palxogrus. 
Pseudogeranus. 
Sarcogeranus. 

HELIORNITHID &. 
Heliopais. 


HESPERORNITHID A. 


Coniornis. 
HIRUNDINID. 
Antrochelidon. 
Chelidonaria. 
Herophilus. 


LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. 


HIRUNDINID #—Continued. 


Lecythoplastes. 
Riparia. 


IBIDIDZ. 
Parnopio. 


ICTERID &. 
Cirulus. 
Hylike. 
Ptiloxena. 
Zarhynchus. 


INDICATORID 2. 
Melignomon. 
Pseudofringilla. 
Pseudospiza. 


JACANID. 
Actophilus. 
Asarcia. 
Phyllopezus. 


LANIID/. 
Abbottornis. 
Antichromus. 
Bocagia. 
Cosmophoneus. 
Eulacestoma. 

LARID A. 

Chema. 
Dipsaleon. 
Einalia. 
Lambruschinia. 
Melanolarus. 
Melanosterna. 
Micranous. 
Potamochelidon. 
Pseudosterna. 


LORIID&. 
Hypocharmosyna. 
MEGAPODIDZE. 
Chosornis. 
Eulipoa. 
MELIPHAGID. 
Cleptornis 
Entomyzon. 
Leptomyza. 
Myza. 
Neneba. 
Ptiloprora. 
Sarganura. 
MICROPODID. 
Aéronautes. 
Claudia. 
Pelasgia. 


lod 


( 


25 


726 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XXIV. 


MIMID A. 
Allenia. 
Buleites. 
Mimetes. 
Nesomimus. 


MOMOTID &. 
Aspatha. 
Electron. 
Prionornis. 


MUSCICAPID A. 
Bathmisyrma. 
Callaeops. 
Dammeria. 
Hilarocichla. 
Musciparus, 
Myiosobus. 
Ostiarius. 


Pedilorhynchus. 


Pholia. 
Stizorhina. 
NECTARINIIDA. 

Rhaphidornis. 
Urodrepanis. 
CEDICNEMID.Z. 
Milnea. 
OTIDIDZ. 
Compsotis. 
Heterotetrax. 
Heterotis. 
Houbaropsis. 
Neotis. 
PARADISEIDA. 
Calastrapia. 
Drepananax. 
Eucorax. 
Heteroptilorhis. 
Janthothorax. 
Lamprothorax. 
Loboparadisea. 
Macgregoria. 
Paryphephorus. 
Pteridophora. 


Trichoparadisea. 


PARAMYTHIIDA. 


Paramythia. 


PARID A. 
Anacrites. 
Aphelocephala. 
Brachyrynchus. 
Pardaliparus. 
Remiza. 
Sczeorhynchus. 


PELECANID? 


Liptornis. 


PERISTERID &. 


Alopeccenas. 
Calopelia. 
Claravis. 
Histriophaps. 
Homopelia. 
Leptopelia. 
Micropelia. 
(Enopopelia. 
Oxypelia. 


PHAETHONTIDA. 


Prophaethon. 


PHALACROCORACID &. 


Actiornis. 
Argillornis. 
Ecmeles. 
Enygrotheres, 
Gripeus. 
Hydrocorax. 
Leucocarbo. 
Melanocarbo. 
Nannopterum. 
Pallasicarbo. 


PHASIANID A. 


Agriocharis. 
Alector. 
Arquata. 
Colinus. 
Compsortyx. 
Dactylortyx. 
Dendrophila. 
Gallina. 
Houppifer. 
Lochmophasis. 
Mystoxydes. 
Paleocryptonyx. 
Plectroperdix. 
Rhynchortyx. 
Taoperdix. 


PHCENICOPTERID A. 


Elornis. 


PICID. 


Blacops. 

Blax. 
Crocomorphus. 
Dryocolaptes. 
Microstictus. 
Nesoctites. 

Piculus Sr.-H1arre. 
Piculus Hopason. 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. (27 


PICID #—Continued. 


Piculus Breuo. 
Sapheopipo. 


PIPRID. 
Scotothorus. 


PITTID A. 
Coracocichla. 
Cyanopitta. 
Galeripitta. 
Insignipitta. 
Mellopitta. 
Monilipitta. 
Ornatipitta. 
Pulchripitta. 


PLATALEIDA. 
Tbidopsis. 


Mystrorhamphus. 


Protibis. 
PLOCEIDZ. 
Atalochrous. 
-Atopornis. 
Brachycope. 
Clytospiza. 
Diatropura. 
Drepanoplectes. 
Granatina. 
Haplopyga. 
Heterhyphantes. 
Hyperanthus. 
Limoneres. 
Lobospingus. 
Lychnidospiza. 
Nesacanthis. 
Neshyphantes. 
Oreospiza. 
Oreostruthus. 
Oryzivora. 
Othyphantes. 
Pachyphantes. 
Penthetriopsis. 
Stictospiza. 
Stizoptera. 
PODARGID. 
Cyphorhina. 
PRIONOPID. 
Aerocharis. 
PROCELLARIID &. 
Halobates. 
PSITTACID ZX. 
Araclanga. 
Bolbopsittacus. 
Conuropsis. 


PSITTACID A—Continued. 
Dichrognathus. 
Jaco. 
Leptosittaca. 
Necropsittacus. 
Neophema. 
Pionites. 
Porphyreicephalus. 
Spathopterus. 


PTEROCLID. 
Pterygocys. 


PTEROPTOCHID &. 
Kugralla. 
Onychornis. 
Rhinornis. 


PTILONORHYNCHID&. 
Cnemophilus. 
Loria. 
Scenopceetes. 
Tectonornis. 
Xanthochlamys. 


PUFFINID&. 
Cymatobolus. 
Zalias. 


PYCNONOTIDA. 
Bostrycholophus. 
Brachy pus. 
Centrolophus. 
Cerasophila. 
Elathea. 
Pachycephalixus. 
Phaedrus. 
Stelgidillas. 
Stictognathus. 
Xanthixus. 


RALLIDA. 
Amaurolimnas. 
Anurolimnas. 
Aphanolimnas. 
Aramidopsis. 
Brachypteryx. 
Calamodromus. 
Castanolimnas. 
Creccoides. 
Crecopsis. 
Diaphorapteryx. 
Donacias. 
Donacophilus. 
Dryolimnas. 
Erythrolimnas. 
Galeolimnas. 
Jonocicca. 
Kittlitzia. 


728 


RALLID 4#—Continued. 
- Lophophalaris. 

Microtribonyx. 
Nesolimnas. 
(finolimnas. 
Ortygonax. 
Ortygops. 
Palzolimnas. 
Pisynolimnas. 
Poliolimnas. 
Porphyriornis. 
Porzanula. 
Sarothrura. 
Stictolimnas. 
Tricholimnas. 

RAMPHASTID. 
Dinorhamphus. 
Machlostomus. 
Rhagoborus. 
Ulocomus. 


RECURVIROSTRID#. 
.Timeta. 


SCOLOPACID. 
Actia. 
Aegialodes. 
Falcinellus. 
Fedoa. 
Gambetta. 
Mesoscolopax. 
Pseudoglottis. 
Rhynchosimus. 


SITTID. 
Daphcenositta. 

SPHENISCID #. 
Paleeospheniscus. 
Paraptenodytes. 

STEREORNITHES. 

(The genera of this group have been 
referred to several families, and in view 
of their unsettled classification they are 
here arranged under the order Stereor- 
nithes. The family name PHororHa- 
cip® Ameghino, 1895, is generally used 
for most of them, but the name STEREOR- 
NITHIDe Moreno and Mercerat, 1891, 
antedates it. ) 

Ameghinia. 
Anisolornis. 
Brontornis. 
Callornis. 
Darwinornis. 
‘Dryornis. 
Liornis. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


STEREORNITH ES—Continued. 
Lophiornis. 
Mesembriornis. 
Opisthodactylus. 
Owenornis. 
Palxociconia. 
Patagornis. 
Pelecyornis. 
Phorusrhacos. 
Physornis. 
Pseudolarus. 
Psilopterus. 
Rostrornis. 
Staphylornis. 
Stephanornis. 
Stereornis. 
Titanornis. 
Tolmodus. 


STRIGID &. 
Badiostes. 


STURNID. 
/Kthiopsar. 
Agropsar. 
Chalcopsar. 
Eumathes. 
Galeopsar. 
Hagiopsar. 
Heteropsar. 
Kittlitzia. 
Laceryzon. 
Necropsar. 
Pecuarius. 
Perissornis. 
Poliopsar. 
Spodiopsar. 
Stilbopsar. 


SULIDA. 
Abeltera. 


TANAGRID&. 
Hemithraupis. 
Heterospingus. 
Mitrospingus. 
Pseudospingus. 
Sporathraupis. 

TETRAONID. 
Palxotetrix. 

THINOCORID. 
Itys. 

TIMALIID. 
Allocotops. 
Alophoixus. 
Amalocichla. 


VOL, XXIV. 


ee 


No. 1267. LIST OF GENERIC TERMS OF BIRDS—RICHMOND. O39 


TIMALIID AS—Continued. 


Amaurocichla. 
Amytornis. 
Androphilus. 
Bathmocercus. 
Bleda. 
Bonapartia. 
Bowdleria. 
Cataponera. 
Chlorocharis. 
Cryptillas. 
Diaphorillas. 
Dybowskia. 
Eremiornis. 
Eurillas. 
Gymnocrotaphus. 
Hypocrites. 
Ifrita. 

Ixidia. 

Ixodes. 
Lanioturdinus. 
Lioparus. 
Lophozosterops. 
Marisca. 
Mesolophus. 
Miilleria. 
Nesillas. 
Ophrydornis. 
Oreoctistes. 
Phacelias. 
Pseudominla. 


Pseudotharrhaleus. 


Rectirostrum. 
Rhabdochlamys. 
Rhopocichla. 
Sittiparus. 
Stasiasticus. 
Thringorhina. 
Trichocichla. 
Zosterornis. 


TINAMID. 
Calopezus. 

TRERONIDA. 
Cryptophaps. 
Curotreron. 
Dendrophassa. 
Lithophaps. 
Mezotreron. 
Phassa. 
Poecilotreron. 
Rhamphotreron. 
Rhombura. 
Terenotreron. 
Zonophaps. 


TROCHILID A. 
Alcidius. 
Amazilia. 
Arinia. 
Bellona. 
Cyanolesbia. 
Gmelinius. 
Laticauda. 
Lawrencius. 
Leucuria. 
Lophomyia. 
Mychrorhynchus 
Neolesbia. 
Psilomycter. 
Stephanoxis. 
Vestipedes. 
Warszewiczia. 

TROGLODYTID A. 
Elachura. 
Hylorchilus. 
Spiloptera. 

TROGONID A. 
Archeotrogon. 
Heterotrogon. 
Temnurus. 


TURDID &. 
Amnicola. 
Emarginata. 
Horizorhinus. 
Lophobasileus. 
Philomela. 
Phoenicurus. 
Psaltria. 
Seyrornis. 
Trochilus. 
Urophlexis. 
Zeledonia. 


TURNICIDA. 
Areortyx. 

TYRANNID. 
Deltarhynchus. 
Eribates. 
Horizopus. 
Myiopagis. 
Nesotriccus. 
Pseudomyobius. 


“VULTURID. 


Caprornis. 
Sarcogy ps. 
Setogyps. 
Trigonoceps. 
X ENICID A. 
Traversia. 


A REVIEW OF THE AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE GENUS 
DEPRESSARIA HAWORTH, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 
NEW SPECIES. 


By Avuaust Busckx, 
U. S. Department of Agriculture. 


The genus Depressaria was established in the third volume of 
Haworth’s Lepidoptera Britannica.' Since then numerous species 
have been discovered from nearly all parts of the world, though 
principally in the northern temperate regions and especially in 
Europe. 

In America, Brackenridge Clemens described four species dur- 
ing the years 1860 to 1864, namely, /econtella, atrodorsella, pulvipen- 
nella and cinereocostella. These are true Depressarix and easily rec- 
ognized to-day. 

Francis Walker, in his Catalogue of the Insects in the British 
Museum, described three species from America under the generic 
name Depressaria, namely, confertella,’ clausella,’ and georgiella,* of 
which, as Lord Walsingham has shown’ only clausella properly 
belongs to this genus and that name falls as a synonym of Clemens’s 
cinereocostella. 

In the Canadian Entomologist (1869) C. J. 8S. Bethune described 
and gave the life history of Depressaria ontariella. This was soon 
suspected by J. Angus to be the European heracliana, which was thus 
included in the American fauna. This was later proven by Zeller’s 
positive determination. 

In 1870 C. T. Robinson® redescribed and figured Clemens’s four spe- 
cies and added a new one, Depressaria grotella. 

In the same year A.S. Packard, in his Guide, described and figured 
Depressaria robiniella, giving its he history. 

Zeller, in his Beitriige zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Nacht- 
falter (1873), recognized and redescribed atrodorsella and heracliana, 


1 Page 505 (1812). 4Vol. XXXYV, p. 1827. 
2Vol. X XIX, p. 563. 5 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 312. 
3 Vol. X XIX, -p. 564. 6 Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., IX, p. 156. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXIV—No. 1268. 
731 


732 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


and added three species as new—Azlarella, scabella, and nebulosa. Of 
these Aclarella is clearly the same as Packard’s robindella, not known 
to Zeller. 

V. T. Chambers described a number of species under the name 
Depressaria which did not belong there. Several of these he himself 
removed, and in his Index he only retained the foregoing of other 
authors and five of his own species, namely, ewpatoriella, fernaldella, 
pallidochrella, rileyella, and versicolorella, the last three with a query 
and the note: ‘‘ Probably to be referred to Gelechia.” Of these only 
the first, ewpatoriella, belongs to the genus, and this is now found to 
be the same species which Clemens described as pulvipennella; fer- 
naldella is evidently Machimia tentoriferella Clemens, as determined 
by Professor Fernald and Lord Walsingham; padlidochrella belongs 
to the gelechiid genus Gnorimoschema, as Chambers’s type in Cam- 
bridge proves; rideyella is found by the type in the U.S. National 
Museum to be a Gelechia, and versicolorella, while not at present recog- 
nized with certainty, is evidently a gelechiid from Chambers’s note on 
that species and pallidochrella: ‘‘ Posterior wings deeply emarginate 
beneath the apex.” 

Two other species of Chambers’s, however, described under Gelechza, 
namely, thoracenigracella and thoracefasciella, are found on examina- 
tion of the authentic types in the Cambridge Museum to belong to 
Depressaria, and one other species, placed by Chambers under (‘e/e- 
chia, namely, clemensella, has been identified by Lord Walsingham as 
Depressaria applana Fabricius, of Europe. 

In 1881 Lord Walsingham’ reviewed the genus and included the 
species in Chambers’s Index, besides describing and figuring eight new 
species, namely, sabulella, mila. arnicella, Deron posti- 
cella, nubiferclla, psoraliella, and umbraticostella. He also recognized 
from this country five European species, namely, cz/zella Stainton, 
yeatiana Fabricius, nervosa Haworth, emeritella Stainton, and parilella 
Treitscke, the latter with some Nhaitan and providing the name 
novt-mundi. for his specimens if it should prove a distinct species. 
Of these the supposed yeatiana Fabricius was afterwards’ redeter- 
mined by Walsingham as the European arenel/a Schiffermiller, and 
the now-mundi it will be safer to regard as a distinct species at pres- 
ent, though Lord Walsingham seems to think® that it may be one of 
the many varieties of parzlella. 

In 1882 Lord Walsingham‘ further added the new species fulva. 

In 1883 D. W. Coquillett’ added a valuable contribution to our 
knowledge of the genus by publishing the life histories and food 
plants of four species, namely, pulvipennella, atrodorsella, grotella, 
— what was supposed to be hatarelia. 


Upree Zool. Soe. Lond., p. 311-319. Trans. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1882, p. 175. 
2 Trans. Ent. Soc. Phila 1882, p. 175. 5 Papilio, III, p. 98. 
3Insect Life, I, p. 256. 


a 


NO. 1268. REVIEW OF SOME AMERICAN MOTHS—BUSCK. 1338 


This latter determination, however, was undoubtedly wrong, as the 
food plant of Adlarella (robiniella Packard) is Robinia pseudacacia, as 
noted by both Zeller and Packard, and though many species have more 
than one food plant, it is improbable that one should feed on such 
different plants as Robinia and Sanicula, from which Mr. Coquillett 
bred his species. 

In 1889 Lord Walsingham * further described five species as new, 
namely, togata, solidaginis, fernaldella, lythrella, and gracilis, of 
which, however, sol/daginis is found to be the same as pulvipennella 
(eupatoridlla Chambers), and as the name Depressaria fernaldella had 
been previously employed, though wrongly, for another insect by 
Chambers, Walsingham’s species of that name requires a new name; 
it may be known as Depressaria walsinghamella. 

In the same paper Walsingham recorded from America the European 
Depressaria ciniflonella Zeller. 

Miss Murtfeldt described ® a Depressaria pe rsicwella,; ‘but; as she has 
herself shown later,* this is not a Depressaria, but a Gelechia. 

Finally, William Beutenmiiller has described one species, cuwr- 
viliniella;* and the writer has described? one species from Florida, 
amyrisella. 

To these are now added six new species in this paper, making a total 
of thirty-nine species of Depressaria recognized at present from 
America. As, however, our fauna of Tineina has only been collected 
very incompletely, in few and limited localities, this number will 
eventually be much enlarged. In the U. S$. National Museum, for 
example, are more than a dozen forms, which can not be referred to 
any described species. These are not in sufficient numbers and are in 
too poor condition to justify description at present. 

The genus Depressaria belongs to the family Gécophoride, and may 
be recognized by the following characters: Antenne about three- 
fourths as long as forewing, simple or slightly serrate; basal joint 
long with well-developed pecten. Labial palpi long, recurved; second 
joint beneath with heavy, rough, furrowed brush of scales; terminal 
joint shorter than second, pointed. Thorax often more or less 
crested; abdomen strongly fatianed. Forewings elongate, three to 
four times longer than broad, apex obtuse, generally Peaede termen 
not very oblique; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, to costa, 2 and 3 separate 
or stalked. Hindwings as broad or somewhat broader than forewings, 
oblong ovate to triangular, rounced; 8 veins, 8 not connected with 
cell, 6 and 7 parallel, 5 more or less approximate to 4, 3 and 4 connate 
or shortly stalked; cilia less than half the width of wing. 

The larve are cylindrical or somewhat depressed, often prettily 
marked, with three pes of normal role feet and five Bars of 


1TInsect Life, I, 254-257. SR, Am., v, 1889, p. 10. 
2 Rep. Mich. Sta. Agr. Coll., 1899. Proc. Us S. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, p. 23: 
$Can. Ent., XXXII, p. 164. 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


abdominal prolegs; tubercles well developed, normal, iv and v 
approximate or united, shields well developed. They feed in folded 
or rolled leaves or in the flower heads especially of Umbellifere and 
Composite, and pupate in the stems of the food plant or among rub- 
bish on the ground. 

The imagos are very retired in their habits and not frequently seen; 
most [or all?] of the species overwinter as imago. 

The species fall naturally in two groups, the first with veins 2 and 
3 in forewings stalked, the other with 2 and 3 separate. The first 
group has generally the base of the forewings of a lighter shade than 
the ground color of the wing, which shade often is continued along 
the basal part of costa and is sharply limited by a dark perpendicular 
streak or shadow from the inner margin two-thirds across the wing; 
while the insects of the other group generally lack the pale basal 
marking, but have a whitish, dark-edged streak along the base of the 
dorsal edge; but there are several exceptions in both groups. 

Some of the species are very similar and difficult to distinguish from 
each other; but the recognized American species may be separated by 
the following synoptic table. 

Only the American synonyms are mentioned in the following pages, 
and European references to such species as are common to America 
and Europe are given only by the number of the species in Stau- 
dinger and Rebel’s Catalog der Lepidopteren des Paleearctischen Fau- 
nengebietes. 


Forewines with yems.2)and. 3.:stalked 22. 32525222 eos eee ee ee 1 
Rorewingsswith veins 2’and' 3 separate. ssace.s 5 sao ee Ses ee ee ee 30 
'- Base of forewings black ‘Lor. dark‘brown] -=22 i=) 22-3 2e eee a eee 2 
Base, ob forewings not: black: <5. 222% 22 soe Shee ee erate ee ee 5 
2“Forewigs with black.costal. markings -osee2t 222 2a canes oe a 3 
Forewings without such markings. -.-.------ le Rath eae aces Sete 4. gracilis. 
3. Forewings with white dot at end of cell -..-....-..-.---------- 1. atrodorsella. 
Korewings. without such dot 9 - o 2. - Tos. Stes Ch ance cee ee eee 4 
4. First discal spot a large comma-shaped streak.......-------- 3. thoracenigrella. 
Finstidiscalspotia smallidotes 2s. nsec ania see serene 2. umbraticostella. 
5. Second discal spot at end of cell wholly or partly white --......-----.------ 6 
With no white im second. discalispoti ses ese sone ae oe ee ee 22 
62Hirst: discal spot wholly or partly, white... 23. oo uae sae ee ee ee 7 
W.ithono-=white tirstudiscal’ spot-s2c-csesee sooo eee ee een ee ee eee 13 
7. Ground color of wings greyish; extreme tip of palpi light -.......--.--.---- 8 
Ground color of wings reddish; extreme tip of palpi black....-....--.------ 10 


8. Brush on second joint of palpi large and much wider at tip than at the base. 
17. nebulosa. 
Brush on second joint of palpi narrow and of about even width in its entire 


hen@th soo eae te SoS ee oS ane seals he ere oe ee 9 

9. With distinct black line preceding second discal spot ----------- 16. ciniflonella. 
Withoutsach/ line sess se 2c. 6 oo eee 15. klamathiana. 

10. With two obliquely placed black dots in disk...............--------------- 11 
Without such Gots sss. Gs. oe eee a a ees 12. psoraliella. 

11. Withandistinct angulated pale fascial s.—- 22. -o. tee eee = ae ee eee eee 12 


Without fascia soto. Sse. Sea ot eee ee one See 11. walsinghamella. 


> 
- 1268. REVIEW OF SOME AMERICAN MOTHS—BUSCK. 135 
. Cilia of hindwings tinged with reddish .-.-.:.-....2.---s2.225.-2.- 10. ciliella. 
Chaat hindwing mot reddish os2.22-.20. /.0bs eee sco ese. s 9: applana. 
. With large curved black line on disk......::.:--..-......---- 21. curvilinielia. 
Mlihteriy Sener eaten a ments ome NLe eae ESS ot SU ae fe 14 
AW Siielane Cy bMOnAaGlC;Cresbe sac suse cases yeaes cst walcc cee eee seen 19. amyrisella. 
RVMROUM MCR OrCRb ears st eat ee ere Seok Nets ea es PG Se Ore Sh ans eos 15 
. With pronounced row of dark spots round apical edge .................---- 16 
ARADO ERG NOW pee ise tern eset tee Man boats os alee SLL Le cle 19 
3. With dark cloudy area above second discal spot --..--.-.--..--..----.----- 17 
Prnour such Cark arears 822.5 s0 Ge eee Sie ce 14. thoracefasciella. 
. Basal part of costa much lighter than rest of wing.----.-..-------- 6. arnicella. 
ipasaleparc Ot. costa not oronly shphtlyiehter: 2-6-5 ces 2 ake ee 18 
. Second discal spot containing only a single white scale-...........--- 18. fulva. 
Second discal spot containing a round white dot --..-...------ 5. pulvipennella. 
LAG fuera Lea Kena vestige ic eee be Ls as ce Tape UIEON ip Ue aca etre coral 20 
Ground color purplish fuscous or brown .....-..-----------.-- 13. novi-mundi. 
. With red scales around second discal spot.--..-.-------.---.---- 8. sanguinella. 
Wathout red:seales‘around second discal spots 222-2 +2222 2s osc ce ae Pak 
PM SITI GLUT) em WEN GIS Det mee eed iar eee = ees ee Se eh ak Ie Br eee 7. argillacea. 
bmme mane darkceoray< S22 Poti cee Sos Sees Teese 20. muricolorella. 
2. With blackish dorsal patch at anal angle..--......--.....--.---- 27. posticella. 
Wi aOeie De pane hisee mee on Scie BE aS Se Su ey Se ee iS ae See a oe ae 23 
. With continuous blackish line before cilia. -.-.-.........-...---- ecraeciees 24 
Wath: series:of dots: alongrapical edges sees one oe cae cece cao eee eee DO 
meV iecurved: black: spot-on dise \so5. = So s2 Sects sc cw cst eee esse. 26. Sythrella: 
Naonontissuehispotyes 5265. os eco SS sence cess sisson ce aco co tes Gon NabUerEla: 
sa MMnORe WIN Md OTavish @CNETOUS,—.2o5 2250s asste sso Su sesso uses oscsel- decease 26 
Porewings tawhy TeGdish. ~~ -2- ec ecc le ses S-ecce ste Oh ee ie) sete 29 
POs IHOre WINGS, With TOSY tilt 222 /-- 226s -co- sess o- + ease Cee ee oe Ou COMAMENSS. 
HiGgmE WINEREO LOS! = So. Son a wae ke oe ett ee osha See mee eL Sues. Suse 27 
. Forewings with single black spot at end of disk..---.......-......-.-2.--.---- 28 
Forewings with two black spots at end of disk.-...-.--....--..-. 28. sabulella. 
. With conspicuous dark area between and above discal spots........ 24. arenella. 
Such area absent or only slightly indicated.............- Genoese ee. SENICLELIG. 
. With dark triangular shade at the end of disc..-.-..-- ee eee aa Oa enOULREL Gs 
Didnuaiup such Shaders srs Se eee Se CRS Soe ey ees ne 30. lecontella. 
horowines withraised: seales= 2 2e 27s So aer eo. SN Se oe eso a eS ae 39. scabella. 
WVU oity Manes Ga lech. a Nise eats ry rs awe eee: Dont Nowe. ocd Sue oe 31 
. With base of wing and costal edge whitish .................- 38. cinereocostella. 
are Ore wile: ge COs MOL Waits bi =e eee ue le see oa Se SS eo ee 32 
ey lett pale. Second discal: SpOb, smox cane cen as tat eine BOS Sh Sd ee 33 
AYNY/ TE) GWONUT PSYC ON SY OXON anata SE Ge megs a a 36 
33. Second discal spot conspicuously white and preceded by longitudinal white 
UI le aa a TA OCP RG ol ee Ae CL Ob ny ern ae reo 31. emeritella. 
Second discal spot not conspicuous and not preceded by white line...--.----- 34 
. With thin, interrupted longitudinal white line from basal third of costa, crossing 
CAMA Lca le VIG ee eos terete sy (ere aioe eagtrce a itg ita ane a ee Sd 35. barberella. 
WE MOU SCHON semeee nyo sis ees os Mile ee iD ce ee Saas ae ee 35 
Spr ARAL CELUI OL WOON NW TUL LIS EIR Sots Sen iee owen) ce pci eta, Ee Re YS oy 32. togata. 
Ay ath hich wines MiseOus) Was someon ene eee oe FE 33. betulella. 
POEM aiscincy blackishstermmall:GOts = 45 50 ee ao OSes sce 37 
Terminal dois not separate: -- saerescea ae ee OL 34. Nervosa. 
. With pale acutely angulated fascia.................--.-...----- 36. heractiana. 


Wathounsuchtasctaee> nes ree rete teenies Oh PN 8 ea 2S 37, grotelia. 


736 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


1. DEPRESSARIA ATRODORSELLA Clemens. 


Drepressaria atrodorsella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1863, p. 124.—Ros- 
tnson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., IX, 1870, p. 156, pl. 1, fig. 7.—Packarp, 
Guide Stud. Ins., 1870, p. 8349.—CLemeEns, Stainton’s Tin. Nor. Am., 1872, 
p. 230.—CHAMBERs, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 91.—ZEtuER, Verh. Zool. Bot. 
Ges. Wien., 1873, p. 233.—CHAmBERS, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., [V, 1878, 
p. 1388.—WatsrncHam, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1881, p. 312.—CoquiLuerr, 
Papilio, ILI, 1888, p. 98.—Ruitey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5255.— 
Dietz, Smith’s Cat. Ins. N. J., 1900, p. 473. 


hoodplant.— Bidens frondosa. 

The larva is green, with dorsal and subdorsal stripes of very dark 
green, blackish or brown; piliferous spots and spiracles dark brown 
or black; head yellowish-brown, with two black lateral dots; thoracic 
shield yellowish-green, with a black spot on the middle of each outer 
edge. Length, 18 mm. It folds the leaf lengthwise. [Coquillett. ] 

In the U. S. National Museum collection are specimens from the 
District of Columbia; New York, a specimen from Asa Fitch’s collec- 
tion, with his manuscript name ‘‘imanella” attached, and one from 
Connecticut (Beutenmiiller). 2 


2. DEPRESSARIA UMBRATICOSTELLA Walsingham. 


Depressaria umbraticostella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 318, 
pl. xxxv1, fig. 8.—Rrury, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5283. 

Foodplant.— Helianthus pumilus. 

In the U. S. National Museum are cotypes received from Lord Wal- 
singham, collected in Oregon in 1872. Also other specimens from 
Arizona and California, named by him; a specimen from Placer County, 
California (Coquillett); California (Beutenmiiller), and a bred specimen 
reared in Colorado by Dr. Dyar, who has kindly handed me the fol- 
lowing notes on the larva: 

Fead elongate, half retracted in joint 2, black, rather dull, the clypeus brownish; 
width about 1 mm. Body moderately slender, the incisures distinct, rather flat- 
tened, all black; tubercles large, elevated, rounded, all conspicuously white ringed; 
iv and y united; on the thorax ia+ib and iia-+-iib. Shields black, concolorous, the 
feet shining. Abdominal feet moderate, normal. 

Lives on Helianthus pumilus, webbing up the head of the growing shoot and partly 


mining in the leaf. 
Found near Denver and Sedalia, Colorado. 


3. DEPRESSARIA THORACENIGRAELLA Chambers. 


Gelechia thoracenigrxella CHAMBERS, Cin. Quart. Jour. Sc., I, 1875, p. 246; 
Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Ruitey, Smith’s List Lep. 

Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5495. ; 
The type of this species, labeled by Chambers and conforming with 
his description, is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts, where I had an opportunity to examine it in 


NO. 1268, REVIEW OF SOME AMERICAN MOTHS—BUSCK. 737 


May, 1906. It proves that the species belongs to Depressaria and is 
unlike any other described species of that genus. 

It is easily recognized among the few species, which have the base 
of the wing black by the oblique streak on middle of disk. I have 
met with no other specimen of the species. It was described from 
California (Behrens). 


4. DEPRESSARIA GRACILIS Walsingham. 
Depressaria gracilis W ALSINGHAM, Insect Life, I, 1899, p. 257. 
Of this very distinct species I have recognized a specimen from 


Colorado in the collection of the U.S. National Museum. The species 
was described from Texas. 


5. DEPRESSARIA PULVIPENNELLA Clemens. 


Depressaria pulvipennella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., I, 1864, p. 421.—Rops- 
INSON, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., IX, 1870, p. 157, pl. 1, fig. 8.—CLEMENs, 
Stainton’s Tin. Nor. Am., 1872, p. 244.—CHAmBERs, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, 
p- 91; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1878, p. 138.—WatsincHAm, Proc. 
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 312.—Coaquitterr, Papilio, III, 1883, p. 97.— 
Rizey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5270. 

Depressaria eupatoriella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1878, pp. 82, 
138.—W ALsInGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 312.—RiLEy, Smith’s 
List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5262. 

Depressaria solidaginis WALSINGHAM, Insect Life I, 1889, p. 255.—Riney, Smith’s 
List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5281. 

Depressaria fulvipennella Dimrz, Smith’s Cat. Ins. N. J., 1900, p, 474. 

Food plants.—Kupatorium and Solidago. 

The larva is green, sometimes with darker dorsal line and subdorsal 
stripe; piliferous spots green; cervical shield green with a black dot 
on each outer edge; anal plate edged behind with black; spiracles 
brown; head green, dotted or mottled with pale brown and marked 
with a dot on each side above the jaws; length 17-18 mm. It roils 
the leaf lengthwise. [Coquillett. | 

In the U. S. National Museum are specimens received from Miss 
Murtfeldt, from the series bred by her from Solidago, from one of 
which Lord Walsingham described his Depressaria solidaginis. 
There are other specimens, labeled by Walsingham ‘‘po/ucpennella 
Clemens” and ‘‘ewpatoriella Chambers,” and one labeled by him 
‘*pulvipennella Clemens, must be very near eupatoriella Chambers;” 
other specimens, bred in the insectary of the U. S. Department of 
Agriculture from Hupatorium and from Solidago. All of these rep- 
resent undoubtedly only one species, which, however, is somewhat 
variable in the intensity of the dark markings; the different descrip- 
tions also bear out the synonomy. 

Habitat. —District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, New York, Illinois, 
and Missouri. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——47 


738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


6. DEPRESSARIA ARNICELLA Walsingham. 


Depressaria arnicella WatstNGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 314, pl. 
XxXxvl, fig. 3.—RiLEry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5254. 
Food plant.— Arnica angustifolia. 
In the U.S. National Museum is a bred cotype from Mount Shasta, 
California, received from Lord Walsingham. 


7. DEPRESSARIA ARGILLACEA Walsingham, 


Depressaria argillacea W ALSINGH AM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 313, pl. xxxv1, 
fig. 2.—RiLey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5252. 

Cotypes from California are in the U. S. National Museum, received 
from Lord Walsingham; also a specimen from Connecticut (Beuten- 
miller), which I can not distinguish from this species. 

It is very close to Depressaria yeatiana Fabricius, though lacking 
the pronounced row of dark spots before the cilia. 


8. DEPRESSARIA SANGUINELLA, new species. 


Antenne dark fuscous. Labial palpi light grayish ocherous, second 
joint evenly speckled with black scales on the outside, termina joint 
reddish with a small black spot in front near base and with extreme 
tip black. Face, head and collar of thorax light straw color; thorax 
and forewings gray with a carmine tint, especially along costal edge 
and in the apical part of the wing. An indistinct lighter basal field is 
slightly edged with blackish scales and the extreme base of costa is 
black. A small black spot in the middle of the disk and a similar one 
obliquely above and nearer base of wing are surrounded by a few 
bright carmine scales. At the end of the cell is a small round white 
dot, conspiciously edged with carmine scales; from this second discal 
spot is a short, oblique streak of blackish scales directed inward and 
upward, but not reaching costa. Sparse black and reddish scales are 
scattered over the wing; cilia reddish grey, sprinkled with black. 
Underside of wing dark fuscous, with costal edge reddish and the 
apical edge light ocherous, containing a row of small black dots. 

Hind wings light ocherous fuscous, underside sprinkled with sparse 
black dots; cilia with indistinct dark line at base and two still less pro- 
nounced lines parallel with the edge of the wing. 

Abdomen light ocherous, the underside sprinkled with black scales 
and with two longitudinal rows of black dots. Legs yellow, shaded 
with black. 

Alar expanse: 21 mm. 

Habitat.—Pinal Mountains, Arizona. (R. Kunzé.) 

Type.—No. 6129, U.S.N.M. 

This species is near Depressaria argillacea Walsingham, but easily 
distinguished by the red coloration and the well-defined oblique line 


EL 


NO. 1268. REVIEW OF SOME AMERICAN MOTHS—BUSCK. 739 


from second discal spot instead of the indistinct dark area found in 
argillacea. 1am indebted to Mr. W. D. Kearfott for the specimen. 


g- DEPRESSARIA APPLANA Fabricius. 


Depressaria applana Fasrictus; STAUDINGER and Reset, Cat. Lep. Eur., I], 1901, 
No. 3233.—W ALsINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1882, p. 175.—Ritey, 
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5251. 

Gelechia clemensella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VIII, 1876, p. 173.—CHampers, Bull. 
U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV, 1878, p. 142. 

Food plant.—Heracleum, ete. r 

The larva is green, with dorsal and subdorsal lines darker; dots 
black; head gray-green; first thoracic segment with two blackish green 
crescentic marks. It feeds in rolled leaves. [Meyrick]. 

Besides a large European series of this species there are in the 
U.S. National Museum two specimens from the District of Columbia, 
agreeing with Chambers’s type of Gelechia clemensella in the Cambridge 
Museum; one of these bears Walsingham’s label: ‘‘I am unable to 
distinguish this form from the common European Depressarda ap- 
plana.” These specimens do not seem to me identical with European 
specimens, being smaller than the average and more reddish along the 
costa, besides nearly wanting the white scales after first discal dot. 
However, they are very near. 

If the species be bred in this country it can be determined definitely 
whether they are distinct or not. 

I have met with no typical specimen of Depressaria applana from 
America. 

10. DEPRESSARIA CILIELLA Stainton. 


Depressaria ciliella STAINTON; STAUDINGER and Reset, Cat. Lep. Eur., IT, 1901, 


999 


No. 3254.—WatsincHaM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 316.—RILey, 
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5257. 

food plant.— Daucus, ete. 

The larva resembles that of the foregoing (Depressaria applana), but 
the head is ocherous-yellowish. [Meyrick]. One rather faded speci- 
men determined and labeled by Lord Walsingham is in the U. 8. 
National Museum, besides a European series. This species is very 
close to Depressaria applana and difficult to separate from it. 


11. DEPRESSARIA WALSINGHAMELLA Busck. 
Depressaria fernaldella W ALSINGHAM, Insect Life, I, 1889, p. 256.—Rriuey, Smith’s 
List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5262a. 
[Not Depressaria fernaldella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury. Terr., IV., 1878, 
pp. 82 and 138. ] 

The type of this species is in the coliection of Professor Fernald, 
where, through his kindness, I have had an opportunity of examin- 
ing it. An identical specimen from Ontario (A. W. Hanham) is in 
the U. 5S. National Museum. The species is very close to the fol- 


740 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


lowing, Depressaria psoraliella. 1 am indebted to Dr. Dyar for 
calling my attention to the invalidity of Lord Walsingham’s name, 
fernaldella. 


12. DEPRESSARIA PSORALIELLA Walsingham. 


Depressaria psoraliella W ALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 317, pl. xxxv1, 
fig. 7.—Rui.ey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5275. 
Food plant.—Psoralia physodes. 
A bred cotype from Sonoma County, California, received from Lord 
Walsingham, is in the U. S. National Museum collection, 


13. DEPRESSARIA NOVI-MUNDI Walsingham. 


Depressaria parilella, var. novi-mundi WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, 
pp. 317-318; Insect Life, I, 1889, p. 256.—RiLey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 
1891, No. 5273. 

One specimen, collected at Mount Shasta, California, by Lord Wal- 
singham, and labeled by him ** Depressaria paritlella, var. novi-mundi,” 
is in the U. S. National Museum. It does not agree with any speci- 
men of Depressaria parilella 'Treitschke known to me, and I think 
it safer to regard it, for the present at least, as a distinct species, of 
which the above specimen should be regarded as a cotype. 


14. DEPRESSARIA THORACEFASCIELLA Chambers. 


Gelechia thoracefasciella CHAMBERS, Cin. Quart. Journ. Se., I, 1875, p. 246; Can. 
Ent., X, 1878, p. 50; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Rtey, 
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5494. 

The type of this species is in rather poor condition but agrees well 
with Chambers’s description. It is found with his label in the Cam- 
bridge Museum. It isa Depressarva distinct from any other described 
species. The type came from California (Behrens); I have met with 
no other specimen. 


15. DEPRESSARIA KLAMATHIANA Walsingham. 


Depressaria klamathiana WALstncHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 314, pl. 
XXXVI, fig. 4:—Rrivey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5267, 1891. 

A cotype from Oregon, received from Lord Walsingham, is in the 
U.S. National Museum; also another specimen, from California, thus 
determined by Walsingham, which differs slightly from the type and 
description; it is possibly a variety. 


16. DEPRESSARIA CINIFLONELLA Zeller. 


Depressaria ciniflonella ZELLER; STAUDINGER and REBEL, Cat. Lep. Eur., IT, 1901, 
No. 3221.—WatstnaHam, Insect Life, I, 1889, p. 256.—RiLey, Smith’s List 
Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5259. 


Food plant.—Betula. 


Ca” 


NO. 1268. REVIEW OF SOME AMERICAN MOTHS—BUSCK. TAL 


The larva is purple brown; the spots black; head pale reddish, 
thoracic plate blackish; it feeds in folded leaves of birch. [Meyrick. | 
In the U. S. National Museum is one of the three specimens from 
Vancouver Island, on which Lord Walsingham added Depressaria 
ciniflonella Zeller to the American list, besides’: European specimens. 


17. DEPRESSARIA NEBULOSA Zeller. 


Depressaria nebulosa ZELLER, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 1873, p. 237.—CHAm- 
BERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV, 1878, p. 188.—WatstncHam, Proc. 
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 312.—Riry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, 
No. 5269. 

In the U. S. National Museum is a specimen of this species with 
Zeller’s label; also others from New York, Pennsylvania, and Massa- 
chusetts. 

18. DEPRESSARIA FULVA Walsingham. 


Depressaria fulua WatstncHaM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1882, p. 175.— 
Rixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5251. 
I have examined the type of this species in Professor Fe1nald’s col- 
lection. A single specimen, determined by Mr. Beutenmiiller, is in 
the U. S. National Museum collection. 


19. DEPRESSARIA AMYRISELLA Busck. 


Depressaria amyrisella Buscx, Proc. Nat. Mus., X XITI, 1900, p. 233, pl. 1, fig. 8. 
—Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV, 1901, p. 476. 

Food plant.—Amyris floridana. 

Type.—No. 4941, U.S.N.M. : 

The strongly crested thorax in this species is an easy distinguishing 
character. 

Habitat.—Palm Beach, Florida (Dyar.) 

The larva is yellowish, shaded with red, the food showing green; 
cervical shield pale orange; thoracic feet pale; tubercles small, dark; 
head bilobed, shining black. Lives ina folded leaf, with a rounded 
opening for emergence. [Dyar. | 


20. DEPRESSARIA MURICOLORELLA, new species. 


Antenne dark ocherous gray without annulations. Labial palpi 
dark ochreous on the outside, evenly sprinkled with single black scales; 
inside of palpi and face light ochreous. Head and thorax grayish 
brown. Forewings dark mouse gray, toward the apex and round the 
edges with a purple tint and irregularly sprinkled with sparse, single, 
black scales; base and basal part of costa somewhat lighter than rest 
of wing, concolorous with thorax. First discal spot indicated by a col- 
lection of a few black scales; second discal spot at end of cell a white 
dot, edged on the outside by a narrow semicircle of black scales. Cilia 
a shade lighter than wing, and especially in the dorsal part tinged with 


SP? 


742 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


ochreous. Hindwings shining, dark gray, cilia lighter. Veins 3 and 
4 in hindwings are shortly stalked. Legs ochreous, shaded with black; 
abdomen dark purplish grey, lighter on the under side and with 
ochreous scales intermixed. 

Alar expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—Colorado. 

Type.—No. 6125, U.S. N. M. 

Foodplant.—* An unmbelliferous plant.” A very distinct species 
easily recognized by its uniform dark appearance. 

Dr. Dyar has prepared the following notes on the larva: 

Head bilobed, shining black, epistoma paler; shield luteous, black in a broad 
posterio-lateral rim and anterior spot. Body normal, the incisures depressed; green, 
translucent; segments obscurely 3-annulate, the subventral fold distinct. Tubereles 
slightly elevated, concolorous; ia and ib separate, iia and iib approximate, iv +- y, 
normal. Hair tubercles black; setze long, pale. No marks, but all the dorsum 


shaded with red when about to pupate. Lives on a species of umbelliferze, webbing 
the leaves. Found on the foothills back of Golden, Colorado. 


21. DEPRESSARIA CURVILINIELLA Beutenmiiller. 
Depressaria curviliniella’ BEUTENMULLER, Ent. Am., V, 1889, p. 10.—RILEy, 
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5260.—Drerz, Smith’s Cat. Ins. Ni 
J., 1900, p. 474. 

U.S. National Museum type No. 441 of this species, obtained from 
Beutenmiller, and a specimen from Ontario (A. W. Hanham) are in the 
U.S. National Museum. This fine species can not easily be mistaken 
for any other Depressaria. It reminds one somewhat of Semoscopis 
packardella Clemens,' by the striking curved discal line. 


22. DEPRESSARIA SENICIONELLA, new species. 


Antenne ocherous with narrow black annulations. Labial palpi light 
ocherous, second joint sprinkled with white and black scales; terminal 
joint with an annulation at base, one round the middle and the extreme 
apex black. Face and tongue very light yellowish, nearly white; head 
and thorax light ocherous. Forewing dark ocherous gray, mottled 
with lighter ocherous and sparsely sprinkled with black and white 
scales. Base of wing concolorous with thorax, light ocherous and 
rather sharply edged outwardly by an area of somewhat darker shade 
than the rest of the wing. In the middle of the cell is a more or less 
conspicuous black dot, often preceded by a similar dot nearer costa; 
at the end of the cell is an inconspicuous black dot, and between and 
above these dots is in most specimens a faint dark fuscous area. Along 
costa and round apical edge is a series of more or less pronounced 
blackish dots, and the veins are in most specimens slightly indicated 
by interrupted rows of dark scales, with the intervals rather light 
unspotted ocherous. 


' Emicostoma? packardella Clemens, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5290, 


NO. 1268. REVIEW OF SOME AMERICAN MOTHS—BUSCK. 743 


Hindwing shining dark gray with a faint blackish line at apex before 
the cilia, which are a shade lighter than the wing. Abdomen grayish 
ocherous with two longitudinal rows of black dots on the under side. 
Legs light ochreous with spurs and tarsal joints sparsely sprinkled 
with black scales. 

Alar expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—District of Columbia, Virginia. 

Type.—No. 6126, U.S.N.M. 

Foodplant.— Senicto aureus. 

The larva is of a dirty yellowish color with head, thorax, and anal 
plates black; tubercles very small, black, emitting short white hairs. 

It rolls and later spins together the young leaves of Senicio aureus. 
It is one of the earliest micros met with in this locality; the young 
larva can be found in March, and the imago issues late in April and 
during May. 

This species is near to Depressaria arenella Schitfermiller, and it is 
not easy to give definite differences, though the two are decidedly 
distinct, senéc/ella being a smaller and darker insect, not so conspicu- 
ously marked, and with relatively broader and more perpendicularly 
cut forewings. 

I have bred sen?c¢e//a in large series, and it is somewhat variable in 
the distinctness of the markings. 


23. DEPRESSARIA SABULELLA Walsingham. 


Depressaria sabulella W ALstNGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lona., 1881, p. 313, pl. xxxv1, 
fig. 1.—RiLery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5279. 

This spe-ies was described from a single collected specimen from 
Mendocino County, California, and is, according to Walsingham, allied 
to the European Depressaria subpropinquella Stainton. The careful 
description and figure should make it recognizable when seen, but no 
specimen is found in the U. 5S. National Museum, and [I am _ unac- 
quainted with the species except through the description. 


24. DEPRESSARIA ARENELLA Schiffermiller. 


Depressaria arenella SCHIFFERMILLER; STAUDINGER and Rese, Cat. Lep. Eur., I, 
1901, No. 3204.—WatsincHaM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1882, p. 175.— 
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5253. 

Depressaria yeatiana WALSINGHAM, (not Fapricrus) Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, 
p. 316. 

Foodplant.— Centaurea, ete. 

The larva is green, paler laterally, with dorsal and subdorsal lines 
dark green; dots blackish; head light brownish-ocherous; first thoracic 
segment with two blackish spots. It lives in folded leaves [Meyrick]. 

This species, recorded by Lord Walsingham from Texas and Ore- 
gon, | have not met with in American specimens, but a fine series of 
Europear specimens is in U. 8. National Museum. 


744 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXtV. 


25. DEPRESSARIA CANADENSIS, new species. 


Antenne dark fuscous with narrow indistinct black annulations. 
Labial palpi light ochreous, second joint evenly sprinkled with black 
on the outside; terminal joint with two broad black annulations, one at 
base and one at the middle and with extreme tip black. Face and 
tongue creamy white; head and thorax light grayish ochreous with a 
few darker reddish scales intermixed. Forewings light yellowish gray 
suffused with dark ochreous fuscous and liberally sprinkled with black; 
there is a perceptible rosy tint, particularly at base of dorsal edge, on 
the middle of the wing and at apical half of costal’'edge. In the middle 
of the disk is a conspicuous black dot preceded by a similar one nearer 
costa; at the end of the cell is another black dot surrounded by smaller 
groups of black scales; between these dots is an area of black, not | 
strongly defined and tinted round the edges with rose. Costal edge 
irregularly spotted with black and around the apical edge a pro- 
nounced row of black dots. | 

Hindwings light whitish fuscous, cilia nearly white; on the under- 
side of the hindwing is an interrupted black line around the edge and 
an irregular sprinkling of black dots in the apical part. 

Alar expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—W innipeg, Manitoba. (A. W. Hanham.) 

Type.—No. 6127, U.S.N.M. 

This species resembles somewhat Depressaria arenelia Schitfermiller, 
but is a smaller and much more mottled insect. 


26. DEPRESSARIA LYTHRELLA Walsingham. 


Depressaria lythrella W ALSINGHAM, Insect Life, I, 1889, p. 257. 


Foodplant.—Lythrum alatum. 
Tam unacquainted with this species, except from the description. 
Habitat.—\Minois 


27. DEPRESSARIA POSTICELLA Walsingham. 


Depressaria posticella W ALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 315, pl. xxxvt, 
Riwey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5274. 
, ? 


fie. 5. 


Food plant.— Psoralia physodes. 

Of this fine species, easily recognized by the anal dark cloud, the 
U.S. National Museum possesses a cotype from California, received 
from Lord Walsingham. There is also a series, bred by Mr. E. A. 
Schwarz, at Fresno, California, with larve found by him on Psoradlia, 
and a series bred in Colorado by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, who has kindly 
communicated the following notes on the larva: 

Head rounded, bilobed; shields large, anal plate and thoracic feet black. Body 
dark, sordid, olivaceous green, the tubercles distinct, black, white ringed; joint 2 
pale in front. Tubercles iv and y in line, approximate, separated, but in a common 


No. 1268. REVIEW OF SOME AMERICAN iy 745 


white area; on joints 3 and 4 (eerie ia, ib, iiat-b in a common w re area, ia and 
ib well separated; iv and v united. Setze brownish; anal footplates black. Head 
faintly diluted testaceous on the faces of the lobes. 

Lives on Psoralea tenuifolia, uniting the leaflets together with silk into a sort of case 
and eating the inner portions of the leaves. 

Found on the prairie near Denver and Golden, Colorado. 


28. DEPRESSARIA NUBIFERELLA Walsingham. 


Depressaria nubiferella WAtstNGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 316, 
pl. xxxvi, fig. 6. 
Food plant.— Hypericum. 
This also is a striking species, easily recognized from Lord Wal- 
singham’s careful description and figure. 
In the U. 5. National Museum is a cotype, bred from //yperteum 
in Oregon by Lord Walsingham. 


29. DEPRESSARIA ROBINIELLA Packard. 


Depressaria robiniella Packarn, Guide Stud. Ins., 1870, p. 349, pl. vit, fig. 14.— 
CuHamsers, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 107; Cin. Quart. Journ. Se., I, 1874, p. 
208.—W ALsINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 312.—Riry, Smith’s 
List. Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5278. 

Depressaria hilarella Zevuer, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien., 1873, p. 234.—W aL- 
SINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 312.—Rriry, Smith’s List Lep. 
Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5266.—Dirrz, Smith’s Cat. Ins. N. J., 1900, p. 474. 
[not Depressaria hilarella CoquitiErr, Papilio, III, 1883, p. 98. ] 

Foodplant.—Robinia pseudacacia. 

There can be no doubt about the synonymy of tnese two forms 
robiniella and hilarella, the descriptions of which tally and both of 
which were recorded from Robinia. In the U. S. National Museum 
is a specimen with label ** Depressaria hilarella” in Zeller’s handwrit- 
ing. Also other specimens from the District of Columbia, Virginis, 
New York, and Massachusetts. 

The species which Mr. Coquillett bred from Sanieula marilandica! 
can hardly be this species; some mistake must have been made in the 
determination. It may possibly have been the very similar Depres- 
saria lecontella Clemens, the foodplant of which is as yet unknown. 


30. DEPRESSARIA LECONTELLA Clemens. 


Depressaria lecontella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phila., 1860, p. 174.—Rostn- 
son, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IX, 1870, 157, pl. 1, fig. 9.—CLEmeENs, Stainton’s 
Tin. Nor. Am., 1872, p. 137.—CHampBers, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 146; Bull. 
U.S. Geol. Sur. Terr., IV, 1878, p.138.—W atstncHam, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

1881, p. 312.—Riney, Smith’ s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5 5268,—Dirrz, 
Smith’s Cat. Ins. N. se 1900, p. 474. 


Very near the preceding species, Depressaria robiniella Packard, but 
larger, paler, and lacking the triangular dark shade on the forewings. 


1 Papilio, III, 1883, p. 98. 


746 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


A specimen in the U. 8. National Museum with Zeller’s label ‘* mir 
unbekant;” other specimens from New York. 


31. DEPRESSARIA EMERITELLA Stainton. 


Depressaria emeritella StAINTON; STAUDINGER and REBEL, Cat. Lep. Eur., I, 1901, 
No. 3283.—WatsincHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 318.—RiLey, 
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5261. 
Foodplants.— Tanacetum, Artemisia? (Walsingham) 
The larva is green with dorsal and subdorsal lines darker; head 
yellowish-green; first thoracic segment black dotted. [Meyrick. | 
A good series of European specimens is in the collection of the U.S. 
National Museum, but I have not met with any from America. 


32. DEPRESSARIA TOGATA Walsingham. 


Depressaria togata WaAtstNcHAM, Insect Life, I, 1889, p. 254.—RinEy, Smith’s 
List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5282. 

I have identified as this species a large series collected by Dr. W. 
Barnes, at Glenwood Springs, Colorado, in May, 1895, and specimens 
from Colorado and Vermont, by Dr. Dyarand others. It was described 
from Montana. 


33. DEPRESSARIA BETULELLA, new species. 


Antenne light ocherous, with narrow purplish black annulations, 
basal joint black. Labial palpi ocherous, second joint on the outside 
sprinkled with black, terminal joint with base and broad annulation 
just before tip black; extreme tip ocherous. Face light ocherous; 
head and thorax darker ocherous, intermixed with brown. Forewings 
broad and rounded, ocherous, overlaid with fuscous. Base of wing 
and basal part of costa lighter ocherous, base of dorsal edge nearly 
white, with a small triangular deep black area above it. First discal 
spot on middle of disk light ocherous edged anteriorly and posteriorly 
with black scales; just below it on the fold is a black dot. Second 
discal spot at the end of the cell larger and somewhat more conspicu- 
ous than first, light ocherous, slightly edged with black. At apical 
third of costa begins a narrow, not very conspicuous, obtusely angu- 
lated, light ocherous fascia crossing the wing; it interrupts several 
narrow black longitudinal streaks which run from the cell nearly to the 


edge of the wing. Around the entire apical edge from the apical third 


of costa isa very pronounced row of black dots before the slightly lighter 
cilia. Hindwingss rather dark shining ocherous fuscous, lighter at base; 
a distinct dark fuscous narrow line runs along the entire edge before 
the cilia, which is a shade lighter than the wing. On the under side 
the hindwings are whitish fuscous, sprinkled on the apical half with 
dark fuscous scales and with an interrupted black line round the edge 
before the cilia. Abdomen light yellowish fuscous, legs light ocherous, 


NO. 1268. REVIEW OF SOME AMERICAN MOTHS—BUSCK. T47 


sprinkled with fuscous; tarsal joints on the outside black, tipped with 
yellow. 

Alar eapdnse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Pennsylvania. (W. G. Dietz.) 

Type.—No. 6130, U.S.N.M. 

Foodplant.— Betula nigra. 

A very distinct species, belonging to the group with veins 2 and 3 
in forewing separate, near Depressaria nervosa Haworth, easily sep- 
arated by the much broader wings and the obtuse fascia. 

I am indebted to my friend Dr. Dietz for the finely preserved type 
which he has bred. A cotype is in his collection. He has kindly sent 
me the following notes on the larva: 


Collected May 24, 1900; larva in silken tube between spun-together leaves of black 
birch; iarva pale green, each segment with two dorsal, one dorso-lateral, and two 
lateral spots, the latter being placed somewhat obliquely. Moths issued June 27, 
1900. [Dietz. ] 


34. DEPRESSARIA NERVOSA Haworth. 

Depressaria nervosa HAwortTH; STAUDINGER and Reser, Cat. Lep. Eur., II, 1901, 
No. 3306.—WatsINGHAM, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 317.—Ritey, 
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5270. 

Foodplant.—Sium, Cicuta, ete. 

The larva is dark bluish-gray, lateral line orange-yellow; spots black, 
white circled; head black; thoracic plate black, bisected, anterior edge 
whitish; among spun flowers. Pupainstem of foodplant. [Meyrick. | 

This species, recorded by Lord Walsingham from southern Oregon, 
I have not seen except in European specimens, a good series of which 
is in the U. S. National Museum. 


35. DEPRESSARIA BARBERELLA, new species. 


Antenne dark reddish brown, indistinctly annulated with black, 
basal joint and pecten black. Labial palpi with large well-developed 
spreading brush, light ocherous, sprinkled with brown; a spot on the 
outside of second joint and base of terminal joint black. Face light 
ocherous; sides of head below and around the eyes deep black, which 
color continues as a streak on the side of the thorax and outward ina 
black longitudinal line on the forewing, described below. ‘Top of 
head and thorax reddish ocherous with posterior tip of thorax black; 
patagia rich brown streaked with black. Ground color of forewings 
light ocherous, but so densely dusted with fuscous, reddish and black 
scales as to appear dark colored to the naked eye. From base, parallel 
with basal third of costa, is a thin deep black line, mentioned above, 
edged on both sides with reddish brown. Just before it ends at the 
costal edge there begins a narrow longitudinal interrupted white line, 
diverging somewhat from the costa, crossing the costal veins and 
reaching nearly to the tip of the wing; this line is also edged and 


748 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


interrupted by reddish brown scales. At base of wing near the dorsal 
edge isa small black spot, and the fold and veins are indicated by 
narrow, more or less interrupted, black lines. At the end of the cell is 
a small round inconspicuous white dot, edged exteriorly with black 
scales, interiorly with reddish scales. Cilia ocherous fuscous, dusted 
with red and black scales. Hindwings light ocherous fuscous, whitish 
toward base, darker fuscous along the edges and at apex. Cilia ocher- 
ous fuscous. Abdomen on the upper side ocherous fuscous, on the 
under side blackish with light ocherous central line. Legs light ocher- 
ous on the inside; the outside and the spurs strongly mottled with 
black; tarsi blackish, each joint tipped with reddish ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—28 mm. 

Hlabitat.—Williams, Arizona. (H. 5. Barber.) 

Type.—No. 6128, U.S.N.M. 

This very distinct species is named after the collector, Mr. Herbert 
S. Barber, who, with Mr. E. A. Schwarz, has added a valuable contri- 
bution of Tineina from this interesting locality to the National Museum. 

Depressaria barberella is by far the largest species of the genus 
hitherto recorded from America, nearly of the size of the European 
D. dictamniella Treitschke, to which it also comes very near in orna- 
mentation, though easily distinguished from it by the lack of the 
light-colored costal edge, which contrasts strongly with the dark area 
below it in LD. dictamniella. 


36. DEPRESSARIA HERACLIANA De Geer. 


Depressaria herachana Dr Grrr; STAUDINGER and REBEL, Cat. Lep. Eur., IT, 1901, 
No. 3280.—LintNner, Can. Ent., V, 1873, p. 82.—Ze tier, Verh. Zool. Bot. 
Ges. Wien., 1873, p. 235.—CHAmBErs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV, 
1878, p. 188.—WatsineHam, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 312.—Riney, 
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5265.—Dirrz, Smith’s List Ins. N. J., 
1900, p. 474. 

Depressaria ontariella Brernune, Can. Ent., I, 1869, pp. 3 and 19.—CHAMBERs, 
Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 9. 


hoodplant.— Heracleum, Pastinaca, ete. 

The larva is gray, on sides dull yellow, spots black; head and thoracic 
plate black. [Meyrick]. ; 

Besides European specimens the U. 8. National Museum possesses 
a series from America including larvae. 


37- DEPRESSARIA GROTELLA Robinson. 


Depressaria grotella Ropinson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., IX, 1870, p. 157, pl. 1, 
fig. 10.—CHaAmBeErs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV, 1875, p. 188.—W A L- 
SINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1881, p.312.—Co@quiLtert, Papilio, III, 1883, 
p- 98.—Riey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1901, No. 5264. 


Foodplant.— Corylus americana. 


No. 1268. REVIEW OF SOME AMERICAN MOTHS—BUSCK. T49 


The larva is green, darkest dorsally; cervical shield green, unmarked; 
head green, with a black dot on each side above the jaws fCoquillett]. 

This species is unknown to me except from the description. It can 
not from this alone be properly placed with certainty, and it is possi- 
ble that it belongs in the group with veins 2 and 3 stalked in forewing. 
From the figure and description it looks to be very close to heracliana, 
and I have therefore placed it so. 


38. DEPRESSARIA CINEREOCOSTELLA Clemens. 

Depressaria cinereocostella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1863, p. 125.—Ros- 
tnson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., IX, 1870, p. 155, pl. 1, fig. 6. —CLEMENs, 
Stainton’s Tin: Nor. Am., 1872, p. 245.—CHamsers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv. 
Terr., IV, 1878, p. 188.—WatsrncHam, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 312.— 
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5258. 

Foodplant.—Sium lineare. 

This fine little species, which is very distinct from all other described 
American species, but which resembles the European Depressaria 
absynthiella Herrich-Schiiffer,' I have bred from water parsnip grow- 
ing on the Virginia side of the Potomac just above Washington. The 
larva is light sulphur yellow, strikingly marked by the small but 
intensely black, shining tubercles, which emit short black hairs. The 
head is rather dark ocherous, shining, with black eyespots; thoracic 
shield paler ocherous. j 

The larva folds and ties together the leaves and pupates among rub- 
bish on the ground. Nearly full-grown larvee were found early in 
July and the imagos issued by the end of the same month. <A bred 
series and blown larve are in the U. S. National Museum. 


39. DEPRESSARIA SCABELLA Zeller. 


Depressaria scabella ZELLER, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien., X XITi, 1873, p. 236.— 
CHaAmBeErs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV, 1878, p. 138.—RiLey, Smith’s 
List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5280. 

Depressaria scabrella W AtstnGuAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 312. 

This species is unknown to the writer except from the description, 
which seems to indicate that it is not a true Depressaria. The nearly 
smooth labial palpi and the raised scales on the forewing are, as men- 
tioned by Zeller, unusual to the genus. It was described from Ohio; 
the type is in the British Museum. 


1 Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lep. Eur., II, 1901, No. 3292. 


THE MAMMALS OF THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR 
ISLANDS. 


By Gerrit S. MILier, Jr. 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The months of January, February, and March, 1901, were spent by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott and Mr. C. B. Kloss in exploring the Andaman and 
Nicobar Islands. Valuable collections were made in several branches 
of zoology and in anthropology, all of which have been presented to 
the United States National Museum. This paper contains an account 
of the mammals, of which 170 specimens were secured, chiefly by Dr. 
Abbott, Mr. Kloss having turned his attention more particularly to 
the birds. 

Leaving Victoria Point on December 26, 1900, Dr. Abbott and Mr. 
Kloss proceeded first to the Andamans, where they touched succes- 
sively at Barren Island, Henry Lawrence Island, South Andaman Island, 
North Cinque Island, and Little Andaman Island. Thence they sailed 
to the Nicobars, visiting Car Nicobar, Tillanchong Island, Trinkut 
Island, Kamorta Island, Kachal Island, Nankauri Island, Little Nico- 
bar Island, and Great Nicobar Island. 

Except on North Cinque Island, mammals were obtained at every 
locality visited. These represent such a large part of the fauna bith- 
erto known, and, moreover, sO many species not before detected, that 
I have extended the scope of this paper to include all of the mammals 
recorded from the Andaman and Nicobar islands. A discussion of 
their mutual relationships and probable origin is given in the summary 
following the systematic list of species. 

Only one general account of the mammals of the Andaman and 
Nicobar Islands has hitherto been published. This was by Blyth, and 
it formed part of the appendix to Mouat’s Adventures and Researches 
among the Andaman Islanders (1863). The remainder of the litera- 
ture of the subject is so scattered that it is almost impossible to bring 
it completely together. The bibliography at the end of the present 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1269. 


G52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


article, however, probably contains the titles of all the more impor- 
tant papers on the subject. 

The Andaman and Nicobar islands, an outline map of which is given 
in the accompanying figure, lie in the eastern side of the Bay of Bengal. 
They form an almost continuous chain from off the southern coast of 
Pegu nearly to the northern extremity of Sumatra and parallel with 
the northern portion of the Malay Peninsula. For the most part they 
are densely forested, and the climate, though tropical, is not of the 
hottest. From the nearest land, as well as from each other, both 
Andamans and Nicobars are separated by water of very considerable 
depth. In this respect they differ widely from the other islands in 
the neighborhood of the Malay Peninsula. 


SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES. 


Genus DUGONG Lacépéde. 
DUGONG DUGON (Miller). 


1859. Halicore indicus Biryra, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XXVIII, p. 271. 
(Andamans. ) 
Bones of the dugong have been found in the huts of the native 


Andamanese. 
Genus SUS Linneus. 


SUS ANDAMANENSIS Blyth. 


1858. Sus andamanensis Biyru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XX VII, p. 267. (Port 
Blair, South Andaman Island. ) 


The pig appears to have been the first of the Andaman mammals to 
attract the attention of explorers. In 1827 J. E. Alexander published 
a notice regarding the little Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal," in which 
he says: 

Ranged in a row around the walls (of a native hut) were the smoked skulls of a 


diminutive hog, the canine teeth shorter than in other species of sus in eastern coun- 
tries, the jaws fastened together by strips of rattan (Pl. 1, fig. 1). 


The figure is quite unrecognizable beyond the fact that it was evi- 
dently intended to represent the skull of a pig, but the description 
leaves no doubt as to the identity of the animal. Thirty-one years — 
later the animal was described by Blyth as Sus andamanensis” from 
skulls collected at Port Blair, South Andaman Island. In a subse- 
quent account of collections from Port Blair,* Blyth adds a few words 
concerning its external appearance, erroneously stating that the tail is 
reduced to a mere tubercle. A year later,‘ however, he recognizes 


1dinburgh New Philos. Journ., IT (October-December, 1826), 1827, pp. 43-48, pl. 1. 
2Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XX VII, 1858, p. 267. 

3Tdem, XXVIII, 1859, p. 271. 

*Tdem, X XIX, 1860, p. 104. 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 75 


[Dvonn Aadaman 


Middle Jrdam avr 
° Barren Teh, 


South Jindam an 
Pk} fulland 


1 DL lefindamen 
69VoO 
2) Car Nicobar 


<, b TManchong 
Ker as Lriahut 
Kaichalt 
Little Vicobsr S&S 

\ Great Wiwhar 

770 

YOR 

g Vio 


Outline map of the Andaman and Nicobar islands, and neighboring regions, 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——-48 


754 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


that this was due to the imperfect condition of his specimen. In the 
appendix to Mouat’s Adventures and Researches among the Andaman 
Islanders, published in 1863, Blyth adds nothing to what he had pre- 
viously written, beyond the remark that the animal apparently inhabits 
the Nicobars and Sumatra as well as the Andamans, and that a full 
erown female was then living in the London Zoological Garden. It is 
now known that the native pig of the Nicobars is distinct from that of 
the Andamans, and there is little reason to suppose that either species 
occurs in Sumatra. 

Little has been added to the accounts of the Andaman pig given by 
Blyth. Gray recorded two skulls in the British Museum in 1869," and 
also remarks that a female, probably the one mentioned by Blyth, and 
her hybrid offspring by a male wild pig from Dampier Straits are in 
the Society’s gardens. Both of the skulls examined by Gray appear 
to have been those of very old individuals, with much-worn teeth. 
They showed peculiarities that suggested relationship with Lab/russa, 
but in this respect were probably abnormal. Apparently based on 
the same unsatisfactory material is Dobson’s short description.” It 
contains the erroneous statements that the tail is very short and that 
the molars are much less complex than in Sus cristatus. 

Dr. Abbott shot an adult male in the forest at Bumila Creek, Little 
Andaman, January 20, 1901. At this locality the animals appeared 
to be abundant, though no special observations were made concerning 
their habits. 

The external measurements of this specimen are as follows: Head 
and body, 1,030 mm.; tail, 200; height at shoulder, 500; height at 
rump, 520; depth of chest, 290; girth of chest, 810; girth of belly, 
1,040. Weight (estimated), 34 kg. 

Except for its darker color and more scant covering of hair, this 
pig is externally a miniature Sus cristatus. In proportion it agrees 
perfectly with the large animal of Tenasserim and Lower Siam. The 
tail, as in the latter, is as long as the hind foot. The crest and mane 
are, relatively to the general character of the hair, nearly as well 
developed as in Sus cristatus, though actually they are shorter. On 
the entire animal, the region occupied by the mane and crest excepted, 
the bristles are so sparse that the skin is plainly visible, while the legs, 
face, cheeks, and ears are practically naked. The hairs on the under 
parts are likewise less numerous than in the mainland animal, but 
there is nothing peculiar about the hairy coating of the tail. As in 
Sus cristatus, the tail is essentially naked, except that the terminal 50 
mm. of its length is provided with a flattened brush of rather soft 
bristles 50-80 mm. long. In color Sus andamanensis differs consider- 
ably from S. cristatus. The bristles are everywhere clear glossy 


1 Catal. Carniv. Pachyderm. and Edentate Mamm. Brit. Mus., pp. 336-337. 
>The Fauna of British India, Mamm., 1891, pp. 562-563. 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 155 


black, in certain lights showing faint brownish tips, which become 
noticeable on the mane and crest only. The caudal tuft is also tinged 
with brown. As there is essentially no hair in the region it would 
oceupy, the light malar streak of S. cristatus is absent. 

Aside from its strikingly smaller size the skull of Sus andamanensis 
shows no distinct character to separate it from that of S. créstatus. 
The teeth of the one specimen secured by Dr. Abbott are so worn that 
the enamel pattern is largely obliterated, but that which remains shows 
no indication of less complexity than in Sws cristatus. The length of 
the hinder molar, both above and below, is equal to that of the two 
preceding teeth together. The cranial measurements of this specimen, 
together with those of a young adult skull of Sus eréstatus from 'Tan- 
jong Badak, Tenasserim, the latter in parenthesis, are as follows: 

Occipito-nasal length (median), 256 (870) mm.; basal length, 220 
(320); basilar length, 215 (310); length of nasals, 123 (185); width of 
both nasals together posteriorly, 25 (40); median length of bony palate, 
153 (220); width of bony palate at middle of second molar, 27 (38); 
distance between tips of postorbital processes, 81 (111); least interor- 
bital breadth, 55 (85); zygomatic breadth, 114 (148); occipital breadth, 
52 (76); occipital depth, 95 (130); least depth of rostrum between 
canine and incisor, 29 (46); mandible, 190 (270); depth of mandible 
through coronoid process, 90 (120); depth of ramus at front of first 
molar, 36 (47); maxillary toothrow to front of canine (alveoli), L107 
(154); mandibular toothrow to front of canine (alveoli), 117 (166); 
crown of first upper molar, 10 by 14 (17 by 15); crown of second upper 
molar, 17 by 14 (23 by 19); crown of third upper molar, 25 by 16 (87 
by 21); crown of first lower molar, 13 by 10 (16.4 by 11); crown of 
second lower molar, 16 by 14 (21.6 by 15); crown of third lower molar, 
27 by 13.6 (40 by 17). 


SUS NICOBARICUS, new species. 


Type.—Young adult male (skin and skull), No. 111794, U.S.N.M. 
Collected on Great Nicobar Island, Nicobars, March 138, 1901, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 930. . 

Characters.—Like Sus andamanensis, but slightly larger, and with 
much larger teeth. Color entirely black. Tail covered with a sparse, 
nearly uniform growth of long black hairs. 

Fur.—The fur throughout consists of bristles with no admixture of 
softer hairs. In texture it resembles that of Sus andamanensis, and 
is much less harsh than that of Sws cristatus. The diameter of the 
individual bristles of both back and mane is scarcely more than half 
that of hairs from corresponding regions in the mainland animal, and 
is apparently a little less than in the Andaman pig. Mane and dorsal 
crest well developed, though less so than in Sus cristatus. At, middle 
of back the bristles of the crest are about 70 mm. in length, while 


756 "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


those bordering it barely reach a length of 50 mm. The crest, how- 
ever, owes its distinctness to the greater crowding of the bristles of 
which it is composed, as compared with those of the surrounding 
parts. As in Sus andamanensis, the skin is plainly visible through its 
scant covering of hair everywhere except in the region occupied by 
the mane and crest. The cheeks are more hairy than in Sus anda- 
manensis. The tail is hairy throughout except at tip. At base the 
hairs, which are much softer than the bristles of the back, are rather 
inconspicuous, but near middle they increase in number and in length, 
and form a straggling brush, the longest hairs of which are 150 mm, 
long. 

Color. —The color is black throughout, with a faint brownish wash 
on dorsal crest. Hoofs rather dark horn color. In the type the 
hind feet are albinistic between hoof and hock, the light color involy- 
ing the hoofs as well as the hair. 

Skull.—The skull of Sus nicobaricus, though distinctly larger than 
that of S. andamanensis, shows no approach to the dimensions of that 
of S. cristatus. In form it differs from the skull of Sis andamanensis 
chiefly inthe greater angle formed by the surface of the forehead with 
that of the rostrum, and in the larger, more inflated audital bulle. 
The zygomatic arch as a whole is more heavily built than in Sus 
andamanensis, and its horizontal surface is broader posteriorly. 

As compared with the skull of Sus eristatus from 'Tenasserim, that 
of S. nicobaricus shows numerous differences in form. Most conspic- 
uous among these are the relatively shorter rostrum and the very dis- 
tinct angle in the facial profile at posterior extremity of nasals. This 
angle is difficult to measure, but it is approximately 8° in Sus crista- 
tus, and 18° in S. nicobaricus. The audital bulle appear to be rela- 
tively larger than in the average of Sus cristatus, but this character is 
probably not constant. 

Teeth.—The teeth are slightly larger in proportion to the size of the 
skull than in Sus.andamanensis, but otherwise I can detect no differ- 
ences. They also agree in all essential characters with those of Svs 
cristatus. 

Measurements. External measurements of type: Total length, 1,190 
mm.; head and body, 1,000; tail, 190; height at shoulder, 520; hind 
foot (hoof included), 185. 

Cranial measurements of adult male considerably older than type 
(No. 112011, U.S.N.M.): Occipito-nasal length, 280 (256) mm.;' basal 
length, 255 (220); basilar length, 245 (215); length of nasals, 133 (123); 
width of both nasals together posteriorly, 40 (25); median length of 
bony palate, 175 (153); width of bony palate at middle of second molar, 
31 (27); distance between tips of postorbital processes, 92 (81); least 


1 Measurements in parenthesis are those of the slightly older specimen of Sus 
andamanensis. 


Pa 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. (gaye 


interorbital breadth, 71 (55); zygomatic breadth, 130 (114); occipital 
breadth, 57 (52); occipital depth, 105 (95); least depth of rostrum 
between canine and incisor, 35 (29); mandible, 220 (190); depth of 
mandible through coronoid process, 105 (90); depth of ramus at front 
of first molar, 32 (86); maxillary toothrow to front of canine (alveoli), 
118 (107); mandibular toothrow to front of canine (alveoli), 132 (117); 
crown of first upper molar, 12 by 14 (10 by 14); crown of second 
upper molar, 17 by 17 (17 by 14); crown of third upper molar, 26 by 18 
(25 by 16); crown of first lower molar, —— (13 by 10); crown of second 
lower molar, 16 by 14 (16 by 14); crown of third lower molar, 30 by 15 
(27 by 13.6). 

Remarks.—This species is readily distinguishable from the Andaman 
pig by its larger teeth. The uniform black color of the type and the 
peculiar hairing of the tail may be mere individual characters. 

The occurrence of a diminutive wild pig on the Nicobar Islands was 
noted as long ago as 1863 by Blyth;' but until the present time there 
has been no opportunity to compare the animal with Sus andamanen- 
sis. That it proves to be distinct from the Andaman swine is not in 
the least surprising, though such a possibility appears not to have 
occurred to Blyth. He says: 


The small Andamanese wild pig appears, at first, to be as isolated in its range as 
new to science; but I have been assured of the existence of a diminutive wild pig in 
the Nicobars, additional to the huge tame swine of undoubtedly exotic origin, which 
are bred by the Nicobarians of the coasts; and I have also considerable reason to 
suspect that it exists likewise in Sumatra. 


The differences between the wild and domesticated pigs of the | 
Andamans alluded to by Blyth were noted in considerable detail by 
Dr. Abbott.’ 


Pigs, both tame and wild [he writes] were plentiful in the Nicobars. Those in 
Kar Nicobar, and many of the tame ones everywhere, are descendents of European 
and Chinese stock, and splendid big porkers some of them are. But the wild pig of 
which I send you one skin and two skulls from Great Nicobar does not seem the 
same. It is small, about the same size as that of Bunguran Island [Sus natunensis], 
the males weighing about 90 pounds. I am almost sure that it has been introduced 
long ago into the Nicobars, and that it was originally Sus cristatus of the mainland, 
degenerating as the result of insularity and inbreeding. The Danes and others have 
had settlements on the Nicobars in the last century, and an extensive trade with 
India and with Chinese junks from Hainan. This trade has been going on for gen- 
erations, and the modern big pig is the result of the new introductions mixed more 
or less with the small form. In Great and Little Nicobar many of the tame pigs are 
precisely like the skin of the wild one which I send, and although the tame animals 
are usually larger they never equal the size of the huge European pigs of Kar Nicobar 
and the islands of the central group. 


' Appendix to Mouat’s Adventures and Researches among the Andaman Islanders, 
p. 349, 
*Letter dated April 23, 1901. 


758 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Whatever may have been the history of the animal there can be 
little doubt that it is now a distinct species. Iam inclined to believe 
that it was introduced by human agency, but at a time far anterior to 
the establishment of European trade. 


Genus MUS Linnezus. 


Three species of J/ws have been recorded from the Andaman Islands, 
Mus musculus and Mus andamanensis by Blyth, and Mus bowersi by- 
Blanford. Only the second of these was certainly obtained by Dr. 
Abbott, though it is probable that the animal here described as J/us 
taciturnus is the Mus bowerst of Blanford. From the Nicobars the 
only rat hitherto known is the Mus palmarum of Zelebor. This was 
regarded by Blanford as identical with J/ws rattus. Dr. Abbott did 
not meet with it. On the other hand he secured six species in the 
Andamans and five in the Nicobars, raising the total number known 
from the islands to twelve. These may be distinguished by the fol- 
lowing characters: 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MUS KNOWN TO OCCUR ON THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR 
ISLANDS. 


fotal length, ofadult less‘than: 300°mmi 2 <= 242252222 225- sone Mus musculus 
Total length of adult more than 300 mm. 
Greatest length of skull about 55 mm. 


Winder pants, yellowashiawinitic n= see 5 sees er seers Mus palmarum 
Underparts brownish gray or bluish gray. 
Underparts strongly tinged with yellow.......-..------ Mus taciturnus 
Underparts slightly tinged with yellow ............------- Mus stoicus 


Greatest length of skull less than 50 mm. 
Fur distinctly spiny. 
Hind: tootabout:40 mami. Sos bose ee See ee Mus flebilis 
Hind foot distinetly less than 40 mm. 
Underparts whitish; skull with dorsal outline strongly convex. 
Mus andamanensis 
Underparts brown; skull with dorsal outline nearly straight. 
Mus pulliventer 
Fur soft. 
Back conspicuously blackish. <2. 5-1 seems ae eee Mus atratus 
Back not blackish. 
Hind foot 40 mm. or more. 
Nasal bones abruptly constricted near middle... Mus burrescens 
Nasal bones not abruptly consticted near middle -. Mus burrus 
Hind foot distinctly less than 40 mm. 
Back strongly tinged with dull red .....-....--- Mus burrulus 
3ack yellowish brown. 
Color of belly sharply defined, teeth robust. 
Mus andamanensis 
Color of belly merging into that of sides; teeth weak. 
Mus alexandrinus 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICORAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 759 


MUS MUSCULUS Linnzus. 
1859. Mus manei Biyta, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, X XVIII, p. 271. 
The house mouse was recorded from the Andamans by Blyth. The 
specimens to which he referred were taken at Port Blair. The animal 
is apparently unknown in the Nicobars. 


MUS PAI.MARUM Zelebor. 


1861. Mus palmarum (adult) and Mus novare (immature) Frrzincer, Sitzungs- 
ber. Math.—Naturwissensch. Cl. Kais. Akad. Wissensch., Wien, XLII 
(1860), pp. 385, 394. 1861. (Nomina nuda. ) 

1869. Mus palmarum ZeLeBor, Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara, 
Zool., 1 (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mamm., p. 26. (Nicobar Islands. ) 

The very clear and detailed description of this rat leaves no doubt 
that the animal is distinct from J/us rattus and somewhat closely allied 
to the large Mus stoicus and Mus taciturnus of the Andamans. Its 
dimensions alone are sufficient to separate it from the black rat and 
allied forms. Some of the measurements are as follows: Head and 
body, 275 mm.; tail, 215; hind foot, 50; greatest length of skull, 54; 
greatest breadth of skull, 25. In the members of the group to which 
the black rat belongs the hind foot seldom reaches a length of 40 mm., 
and the greatest length of skull is rarely over 45 mm. The pattern 
of enamel folding in the molar teeth of Jus palmarum apparently 
differs in several important particulars from that of J/us rattus and 
its allies; but the animals are too distinct to require detailed com- 
parison. 

The palm rat is said by Zelebor to be not uncommon in the Nicobar 
Islands, where it occurs mostly in the crowns of the palms, leaping 
from tree to tree with much agility. It was not met with by Dr. 


Abbott. 
MUS STOICUS, new species. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) No. 111834, U.S.N.M. Collected 
on Henry Lawrence Island, Andamans, January 9, 1901, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 820. 

Characters.—A large, heavily built rat, bearing a general likeness to 
Mus validus and Mus palmarum. ‘Tail considerably shorter than head 
and body, unicolor. Fur of back moderately spinous. Underparts 
bluish gray. Mammee apparently ten. Skull as long as that of Jus 
validus, but very slender. Teeth with normal enamel pattern, the 
length of upper molar series (alveoli) in adults less than half diastema. 

Fur.—Underfur rather secant, much less dense than in J/us validus 
or Mus norvegicus, but not peculiar in quality; it is most abundant on 
flanks and lumbar region. Main body of fur composed of two ele- 
ments, soft terete hairs and stiff grooved bristles. On middle of back 
these are about 15 mm. in length, but the hairs usually a little exceed 
the bristles. Width of bristles on back about .33 mm. On under- 
parts they become much more slender and are scarcely to be distin- 


760 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


guished from the terete hairs. The bristles are numerous on middle 
of back and on sides, but are practically absent from rump and from 
region in front of shoulders. The back is rather plentifully sprinkled 
with coarse terete hairs about 50 mm. in length, but these are not 
sufficiently numerous to influence the general appearance of the fur. 
Whiskers coarse, the longest 70 mm. in length. Supraorbital bristle 
about 10 mm. less. 

Color.—Back a coarse grizzle of black and dull ochraceous buff (dis- 
tinctly darker than Ridgway’s Pl. v, fig. 10) the latter element in 
excess. The effect is similar to the general color of Mus validus but 
considerably more yellow. The longer hairs are strongly lustrous, so 
that in certain lights the fur has a noticeable steely gloss. This sheen 
is very conspicuous at sides of shoulders when the skin is viewed from 
in front. Sides like back but with buff even more predominant. 
Underparts and inner surface of limbs nearly uniform mouse gray 
(paler than that of Ridgway). This color is due to the combined effect 
of the drab underfur and whitish hair tips. It extends entirely around 
upper lip and spreads over cheeks, where, however, it becomes mixed 
with ochraceous buff. Eye surrounded by a very faintly indicated 
dark ring. Whiskers black. Ears and tail uniform dull dark brown 
throughout. Feet sprinkled with fine whitish hairs, these nowhere 
abundant enough to conceal the light brown skin. 

Tail.—The tail is rather inconspicuously annulated—that is, the 
boundaries of the scales are less sharply defined than in most rats of 
the same size. At middle there are about 10 rings to the centimeter. 
At first sight the tail appears to be naked, but on close inspection it is 
seen to be beset with fine appressed hairs 1 to 2 mm. in length, two or 
three of which spring from the base of each scale. 

Mammw.—In the single adult female collected one pectoral and three 
inguinal mamme are plainly visible on each side. The skin is in bad 
condition in the region which the anterior pair of pectoral mammez 
would occupy if present. On the label Dr. Abbott bas written 
‘‘mamme apparently ten.” 

Feet.—The feet show no peculiarities of form or structure. Soles 
naked, with six well-developed tubercles. 

Fars.—The ears are moderately large, their height from crown 
exactly equal to distance between eye and tip of muzzle. In form 
they are not peculiar. Both surfaces are naked except for a fine, close 
pubescence. 

Skull.—The skull of Jus sto¢eus differs conspicuously from that of 
Mus validus, Mus vociferans, or Mus bowerst in its much lighter 
structure and more slender form. Viewed from above it does not 
differ widely from the skull of I/us vociferans, except that it is more 
narrow throughout, a difference more noticeable in rostrum and brain- 
case than in the zygomatic region. Supraorbital ridges about as in 
Mus vociferans. The plate of the maxillary forming outer wall of 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 761 


antorbital foramen is as broad as in J/us validus, but the foramen is 
widely open below, as in Jus vociferans. ‘These characters are very 
apparent in this view of the skull. Viewed from the side the skull 
closely resembles that of J/us vociferans, except for the peculiarities 
already mentioned. Zygomata much more slender than in the allied 
species. Viewed from beneath the skull shows its most striking char- 
acters. The floor of the braincase is essentially like that of J/Zus 
vociferans, though the audital bulle are distinctly larger than in the 
mainland animal. In form the bulle do not differ very materially 
from those of J/us vociferans, though they are somewhat more inflated 
anteriorly. Palate and rostrum very unlike those of any of the allied 
species, the differences due to the combined reduction in size of the 
teeth and elongation of rostrum. The length of toothrow is contained 
fully twice in length of diastema, instead of about once and a half, as 
in Mus vociferans and Mus validus. The incisive foramina share in 
the elongation of the rostrum to such an extent that they are much 
longer than the toothrow instead of distinctly shorter. Except that 
it shares in the general slender form of the skull the mandible shows 
no characters of importance. 

Teeth.—The teeth ditfer from those of Jus vociferans in size only, 
as the enamel pattern of the two species is similar throughout. 

Measurements.—External measurements of type: Total length, 442 
mm.; head and body, 249; tail, 193; hind foot, 47 (45); ear from 
meatus, 24; ear from crown, 20; width of ear, 16. Average of ten 
adults from the type locality: Total length, 437 (415-465); head and 
body, 241 (220-260); tail, 198 (192-212); hind foot, 48 (47-50); hind 
foot without claws, 46 (45-48). For detailed measurements see table, 
page 764. 

Cranial measurements of largest specimen: Greatest length, 55.4 mm. 
(56);1 basal length, 50 (47.6); basilar length, 47 (44.6); palatal length, 
28 (25); least width of palate between anterior molars, 6 (5); diastema, 
18 (14.8); length of incisive foramen, 10.6 (8); combined breadth of 
incisive foramina, 3.8 (3.8); length of nasals, 22 (21.4); combined 
breadth of nasals, 5.4 (6.2); zygomatic breadth, 25 (25.8); interorbital 
breadth, 9 (9); breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 18 (20.4); 
mastoid breadth, 19 (18.8); occipital depth at front of basioccipital, 
14.6 (14); frontopalatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 13 (18.6); 
least depth of rostrum immediately behind incisors, 9.8 (11); mandible, 
31 (30.6); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 8.2 (11.8); width of front upper 
molar, 2.4 (3); mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 8.4 (10). 

Specimens examined.—Kighteen, all from the type locality. 

Remarks.—In general appearance Mus stofcus resembles Jus 
validus, but the skull is much more slender. It is, however, in no 
way distantly related to the large rats of the Malay Peninsula. 


! Measurements in parenthesis are those of the type of Mus vociferans. 


762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Dr. Abbott writes as follows of the rats of Henry Lawrence Island 


(Mus stoicus and Mus flebilis): 


Trapped in the dense jungle with which the island is covered. Note that in this 
lot there are two distinct species; one large with tail shorter than head and body 
[M. stoicus], and one smaller with tail longer than head and body [M. jlebilis]. 
The tail is more hairy in the smaller species. Both were caught in the same places, 
on the west side of the island on Kwantung Straits, at two localities about two miles 
apart. The smaller one squeals piteously when caught in a trap, but the larger is 
silent. 


MUS TACITURNUS, new species. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 111828, U.S.N.M. Col- 
lected on South Andaman Island, Andamans, January 16,1901, by Dr. 
W.L. Abbott. Original number, 854. 

Characters.—Slightly larger than J/us stocceus, and color both above 
and below more tinged with yellow. 

Color.—Back and sides a coarse grizzle of black and bright ochra- 
ceous buff (distinctly more yellow than Ridgway’s, PI. v, fig. 10), the 
latter very conspicuously in excess. Underparts paler than in J/us 
stoicus, though the elements of the color are essentially the same, the 
difference due to the more extensive whitish hair tips, and faintly 
lighter under fur. Color otherwise as in Jus stovcus. 

Measurements.—External measurements of type: Total length, 494 
mm.; head and body, 266; tail, 228; hind foot, 53 (50); ear from meatus, 
24; ear from crown, 21; width of ear, 16.4. Anadult female measures: 
Total length, 446; head and body, 237; tail, 209; hind foot, 48 (46). 
For detailed measurements see table, page 764. 

Specimens examined.—Seven, all from the type locality. 

Remarks.—This species is very closely allied to JM/us stoicus, but is 
nevertheless easily distinguishable on comparison. It is probably the 
rat recorded by Blanford as ‘ta variety of d/us bowers: or a closely 
allied form.”! Mus bowersi differs, however, from all of the rats known 
to occur on the Andamans by its distinctly bicolored tail. 


MUS FLEBILIS, new species. 


Type.—Adult female (skin and skull), No. 111841, U.S.N.M.  Col- 
lected on Henry Lawrence Island, Andamans, January 10, 1901, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 827. 

Characters.—A large member of the Mus rattus group. Size about 
as in Jus pannosus of the Butang Islands, but tail always considerably 
longer than head and body. Fur thickly sprinkled with weak spines, 
its color paler and more yellow than in J/us pannosus and closely 
resembiing that of J/us sto¢cus. Skull much hke that of d/ws pannosus, 
but with larger audital bulls, more prominent supraorbital ridges, 
and smaller teeth. 


‘The Fauna of British india, Mamm., 1891, p. 410. 


No. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 763 


Fur.—The fur is like that of J/us stovcus, except that the bristles 
are a little less stiff and the under fur is somewhat more woolly. The 
long terete hairs on the back are less noticeable than in the larger 
animal. In abundance and distribution the bristles are essentially the 
same in the two species. 

Color.—Back and sides essentially as in J/us stoicus, except that the 
light element of the grizzle is paler, almost exactly matching the 

sochraceous buff of Ridgway, and a little more noticeably in excess of 

the dark. The fur is nearly destitute of the lustrous sheen so notice- 
able in the larger animal. Muzzle and outer surface of front legs 
washed with broccoli-brown. Under parts and inner surface of limbs 
cream buff. Under fur light drab. Ears and tail dull brown through- 
out. The color of the under parts completely encircles the mouth, 
but scarcely spreads upward on cheeks. Feet more thickly haired 
than in J/us stoceus, cream butt heavily clouded with drab. Whiskers 
black. <A faintly indicated dark eye-ring. 

Tail.—The annulation of the tail is similar to that in J/ws stoccus, 
except that the rings and scales are more sharply defined. At middle 
there are 10 rings to the centimeter. The hairs, though not conspic- 
uous, are longer and more abundant than in the larger animal. 

Mamme.—tThere are 10 mamme, 2 pectoral and 3 inguinal on each 
side. 

Feet.—The feet are in no way peculiar. Soles naked, with 6 well- 
developed tubercles. 

EKars.—Vhe ears are essentially as in J/us stoicus. 

Skull.—The skull of J/us flebilis resembles that of the larger mem- 
bers of the Mus rattus group, but is readily distinguishable by its 
larger audital bulle and more strongly developed supraorbital ridges. 
In the latter character it suggests Mus surfer and its allies. As com- 
pared with the skull of J/ws pannosus that of Mus flebilis differs, aside 
from the characters just mentioned, in slightly smaller size, relatively 
shorter, more robust rostrum, narrower outer wall of antorbital fora- 
men, more abruptly flaring zygomata, and longer incisive foramina. 
The mandible is essentially the same in both species. Its much greater 
size (greatest length about 45 mm. instead .of about 40) immediately 
distinguishes the skull of J/us flebilis from that of Mus rattus and 
Mus alewandrinus. 

Teeth.—TVhe teeth exactly resemble those of Mus alexandrinus and 
Mus rattus in form and in pattern of enamel folding, but are conspicu- 
ously larger. In the latter character they are slightly surpassed by 
those of Jus pannosus. 

Measurements.—External measurements of type: Total length, 452 
mm.; head and body, 210; tail, 242; hindfoot, 41.4 (39); ear from 
meatus, 21; ear from crown, 16; width of ear, 15. Average of 6 
adults from the type locality: Total length, 441 (417-460); head and 


764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


body, 203 (193-210); tail, 238 (222-240); hindfoot, 41.8 (41-44); hind- 
foot without claws, 40 (89-42). For detailed measurements see table 
below. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, 45 (47.6)' mm.; 
basal length, 40 (41); basilar length, 37 (37.6); palatal length, 21.4 (22); 
least width of palate between anterior molars, 5 (5); diastema, 13 (13); 
length of incisive foramen, 8.8 (8); combined breadth of incisive foram- 
ina, 3 (4); length of nasals, 18 (18); combined breadth of nasals, 4.8 
(5.4); zygomatic breadth, 19.8 (22); interorbital breadth, 6 (7); mas- 
toid breadth, 18 (18); breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 
16 (16.4); depth of braincase at anterior border of basioccipital, 11.4 
(12); fronto-palatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 11 (11.4); 
least depth of rostrum immediately behind incisors, 8.6 (9); mandible, 
26 (27.6); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 7.4 (8); width of front upper 
molar, 2.2 (2.6); mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 7.4 (7.8). 

Specimens examined.—Seven, all from the type locality. 

Remarks.—These rats were trapped, together with the specimens of 
Mus stovcus, in the dense jungle with which Henry Lawrence Island is 
covered. The.types of both species were taken on the south side of 
the island on the shore of Kwantung Straits. Other specimens were 
secured at a point about 2 miles farther north. The names which I 
have used for the two species were suggested by Dr. Abbott’s note 
that the smaller animal squeals piteously when caught, while the 
larger is silent. 


Table of measurements of Mus stoicus, Mus taciturnus, and Mus flebilis. 


2 ler : |Hind foot 
Name. Number.| Sex. Teaea Gees Tail. Eine without 
claws. 
| Mm. Mm. | Mm. Mm. Mm. 
MM ALSYSLOUCUS | stilton erat cw aisieicte seein e's 2111834 | Male ..... 442 249 | 193 47 45 
1) OF Pte ee nn a oh aseeeeeiees bb kest) | sede doses 415 240 175 47.6 45 
1D YO Ree As anes Ae ee Taney MLSSH" esas GOR Re |E=A tceee 246% eee 49 47 
DD) Os Oe tec onnan oe ATNSSS) sees doles 403 223 180 46 44 
|DYO eee ee Sek De eee eee eee 113839 |.-..- dG eee 425 233. | 192 48.6 46 
DD Ofer nites a Neto ie a alalajoiatclabencs's LETS 4 2 ee GOmea: 410 222 188 48 45 
DO Seon Tee Sakae as Sine oaes ASA eee doeere 465 260 | 205 49 47 
DOE sa ere note aoe oe ee 111846 |..... dozer 450 252 | 198 47.6 45 
Dow tS A eo ea TTUSA Fall Pee 22 down 442 242 200 46.4 44 
DOS see nee eee 111848 | Female... 452 240 212 48 46 
[Dyas Ee i ae eee een ee 111849 | Male .....]........ D0 eee eae 45.6 43 
DOSS oeseks Steen wae case 111850) | =e oleae 440 237 203 48 45.6 
DOs ase e oe soe ne eae Se ee ee AASH 14a doeo-4 415 218 197 48.6 46 
DORs hae tote ae BERS Rot CO ome 11853"|=Henvaleses|ees. oo. - 200 eee cee 41.4 39.6 
NO ae tae pa adak castes once eee 111856 | Male ..... 422 222 200 48 45.6 
WALSHE CTIAINIUUS eo see ee Bee wee eeice AN S18) ere domoe- 432 242 190 48 46 
ID OF haa ate co a eect 1ITS20) |S ss2 doeee 397 200 197 45 44 
IDO Raa ee are nce aeiGe ceca eee 111822 | Female... 330 230 200 44 43 
Dea SAS a pe, BR ee | 2111828 | Male ..... 494 266 228 53 50 
DORS Saisie eek Soe See aseessc 111831 | Female... 429 216 | 213 48 46 
DOr e eee aa eee senae ke oees (f= T1832) |e ee doves 446 237 209 | 47.6 45.6 
DOr pe ee aes cee Sees le eee 833s | sere does. 414 224 190 44 42 
WSIS LASHES Sea Ace ae. SOR | 8375 | @Miale: eee 447 210 237 44 42 
WO SRe teen ee hee leisseee conwaeee i) DT 840) |e edomaes 417 195 222 42 41 
DOSER Sheer. ttee oe eas see ess oe 2111841 | Female... 452 210 242 41.4 39 
WD Owe see are eet le cate leis ioe TTT843' 2s Se do se. 460 207 253 31.4 39.6 
DOte Sereda e ee eekedes ns ees TANSH2) eee Gore 428 193 235 41 39 
IDhey Ge Geo Seo caae DE SuEE CE ean anae 111854 | Male ..... 442 202 240 41.6 40 


1 Measurements in parenthesis are those of the type of Mus pannosus. 2Type. 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 765 


MUS ANDAMANENSIS Blyth. 


Mus (Leggada?) andamansis Buyrtu, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, X XIX, 1860, 
p. 103. (Port Blair, South Andaman Island. ) 

Blyth first mentioned the Andaman rat in 1859* as a species ‘* not of 
recent introduction,” to the islands. The following year specimens 
taken by Captain Hodge, then in command of the guard ship Sesostris at 
Port Blair, enabled him to name and describe the animal. Though 
occasionally alluded to during the course of the next few years” J/us 
andamanensis has remained a very imperfectly known animal, and since 
1891* has been generally regarded as identical with J/us rattus. 

Dr. Abbott secured eight specimens at MacPherson Strait, South 
Andaman Island. These show that the species is quite distinet from 
Mus rattus, Mus alewandrinus, or any other known rat. It may be 
characterized as follows: 

In size and external appearance much like the form of J/us alexan- 
drinus, occurring in Trong, Lower Siam, and on Nankauri Island, 
Nicobars, but fur often, though not invariably, more spinous, and light 
color (pale cream buff) of under parts sharply contrasted with brown of 
sides. ‘Tail slightly longer than head and body. Skull similar to that 
of Mus alerandrinus, but teeth noticeably larger. 

There is considerable variation in the quality of the fur. In six of 
the specimens the spines are larger and much more conspicuous than 
in Mus alexandrinus, but in the others they are exactly as in the 
mainland animal. Color as in Malayan J/us alewandrinus, except that 
there is a distinct line of demarcation between the pale cream buff of 
the belly and the yellowish brown of the sides. As shown by the 
table of measurements (page 772), the tail is usually a little longer than 
the head and body. The single exception (No. 111823) is so striking 
that the specimen suggests at first sight a distinct species; but in all 
characters, except the greatly elongated tail, it agrees with the others 
from the same locality. 


MUS PULLIVENTER, new species. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 111790, U.S.N.M.  Col- 
lected on Great Nicobar Island, Nicobars, March 12, 1901, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 927. 

Characters.—A rat of somewhat less bulk than Mus flebilis, but with 
smaller hind foot and shorter tail, the length of latter considerably less 
than that of head and body. Fur densely spinous, but the bristles 
even more slender than in Mus flebilis. Color brown throughout, the 
belly not distinctly paler than sides, skull slender, with dorsal profile 


1Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XX VIII, p. 27. 

*Blyth, Appendix to Mouat’s Adventures and Researches among the Andaman 
Islanders, 1863, p. 354. 

$Blanford, The Fauna of British India, Mamm., p. 406. 


766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


nearly straight from middle of brain case to tip of nasals. Teeth small, 
normal. Mammee 8. . 

Fur.—The fur is fine and close in texture, but on examination it is 
seen to be densely beset with very slender spines. These spines are 
rather more numerous than in J/us flebc/is, but their width is distinetly 
less than in the Andaman species. The fur of the back is sprinkled 
with a few long terete hairs, but these are only evident on close inspec- 
tion. On the belly the bristles are reduced to mere rudiments scarcely 
to be distinguished from the ordinary hairs. 

Color.—Back and sides a fine grizzle of black and russet, the two 
colors in about equal parts on the back, the russet in excess on the 
sides and outer surface of legs, where it is faintly washed with wood 
brown. Belly and inner side of legs drab, a little tinged with russet. 
Chin, middle of throat, axillary region and area surrounding nipples 
white, this color perhapsabnormal. Cheeks and muzzle like belly, but 
slightly more washed with russet. Top of head dark, grizzled hair 
brown. Feet scantily sprinkled with brownish and whitish hairs. 
Ears and-tail uniform dark brown. 

Tail.—The annulation of the tail is indistinct and somewhat irregu- 
lar. At middle there are eleven or twelve rings to the centimeter. 
From the base of each scale spring two or three stiff hairs, the length 
of which scarcely exceeds the width of the rings. The hairs are very 
inconspicuous, and more apparent to the touch than to sight. At 
extreme tip the skin of the tail is whitish, but this character may 
readily be abnormal. 

Mamme.—There are 8 mamme, | pectoral pair and 3 inguinal 
pairs. 

Fvet.—Relatively to the size of the animal, the feet are unusually 
small and weak. Soles with the six pads rather indistinct in the dry 
specimen. 

Eurs.—The ears are in no way peculiar. In length they are about 
equal to distance between eye and muzzle. They are naked, except 
for a fine, almost microscopic pubescence. 

Skull.—The skull of Mus pulliventer differs conspicuously from that 
of the other Andaman and Nicobar rats in its flat dorsal outline. When 
viewed from the side the profile is nearly straight from front of 
nasals to middle of braincase. The palatal profile shares the same 
peculiarity but to a less degree. Except for its flatness the skull 
closely resembles that of J/ws rattus. The rostrum is, however, more 
elongate, and the audital bulle are smaller. When viewed from 
above the plate forming outer wall of antorbital foramen scarcely 
extends in front of line of outer curve of zygomatic arch, while in 
Mus rattus it projects conspicuously in front of this line. Viewed 
from the side this plate is narrower and less concave than in JZus 
rattus, and its front edge is nearly straight. 


“I 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 67 


Teeth.—The teeth of the type are somewhat worn, but they appear 
to be in every way similar to those of J/us rattus. 

Measurements.—External measurements of type: Total length, 387 
mm.; head and body, 202; tail, 185; hind foot, 35 (83); ear from 
meatus, 19; ear from crown, 14; width of ear, 15. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, 44 mm.; basal 
length, 40; basilar length, 38; palatal length, 22.6; least width of 
palate between anterior molars, 4.6; diastema, 12.6; length of incisive 
foramen, 7.8; combined breadth of incisive foramina, 4; length of 
nasals, 16; combined breadth of nasals, 4.6; zygomatic breadth, 21.8; 
interorbital breadth, 6.4; breadth of braincase above roots of zygo- 
mata, 16.2; mastoid breadth, 16,8; occipital depth at front of basioc- 
cipital, 13; frontopalatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 9.6; 
least depth of rostrum immediately behind incisors, 7.6; mandible, 25; 
maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 7.8; width of front upper molar, 2; 
mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 6.8. 

Specimens examined.—One, the type. 

Remarks.— Mus pulliventer differs so conspicuously from its allies 
of the Mus rattus group that it needs no special comparison with any 
of them. The flattened skull and dark color of the under parts are 
sharply diagnostic. 

MUS ATRATUS, new species. 


Type.—Adult female (skin and skull), U.S.N.M. No. 111868, Col- 
lected on Barren Island, Andamans, January 7, 1901, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 818. 

Characters.—Size and proportions as in Jus andamanensis, but 
fur spineless. Color of under parts yellowish brown, back strongly 
suffused with black (often entirely black). Skull shorter, broader, 
and more robust than that of J/us andamanensi/s, the audital bulle 
smaller. Teeth as in Mus andamanensis and Mus rattus, but mach 
larger. 

Fur.—The fur consists of the usual elements. The spines, however, 
. are so reduced in diameter as to appear like ordinary hairs unless 
examined with a lens. 

Color.—Upperparts almost exactly as in Mus flebilis and Mus 
andamanensis, except that the fur is strongly suffused with a slaty 
black like that of J/ws rattus. In two of the eight specimens the 
brown remains in excess of the black, but in the others (including the 
type) the latter predominates, nearly or quite to the exclusion of the 
brown. Belly yellowish brown (rather paler and less yellow than the 
ochraceous buff of Ridgway) in the brown-backed specimens, slaty in 
the others. Only one skin, however, lacks a distinct brownish wash 
over the slaty under parts. Feet sprinkled with whitish or slaty hairs. 
Ears and tail uniform dark brown. 


768 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Tail.—The tail is distinctly annulated. At middle there are about 
ten rings to the centimeter. The boundaries of the scales are sharply 
defined, much more so than in Jus stoicus and Mus flebilis. From the 
base of each scale grow three hairs which in length are equal to the 
width of two rings. Though better developed than in the larger 
Andaman rats, these hairs do not conceal the annulation of the tail. 

Feet.—The feet are inno way peculiar. Soles naked, 6-tuberculate. 

HEars.—The ears are of moderate length, about equal to distance 
between eye and nostril. They are naked except for a fine, incon- 
spicuous pubescence. 

Skull.—The skull is much like that of J/us rattus, except that the 
frontal profile is more strongly concave, the audital bulle are smaller, 
and the region between and including anterior zygomatic roots is 
broader and more heavily built. The incisive foramina extend back 
nearly to level of middle of first molar. 

Teeth.—TVhe teeth are similar to those of J/us rattus but very much 
larger. 

Measurements.—External measurements of type: Total length, 342 
mm.; head and body, 160; tail, 182; hind foot, 36 (34); ear from 
meatus, 18; ear from crown, 14; width of ear, 13. Average of seven 
adults from the type locality: Total length, 353 (842-372); head and 
body, 175 (160-195); tail, 181 (178-190); hind foot, 39.7 (89-41.6); 
hind foot without claws, 37.3 (86-39). For detailed measurements 
see table, page 772. 

Specimens excamined.—Kight, all from the type locality. 

Remarks.—In the appendix to Mouat’s Adventures and Researches 
among the Andaman Islanders Blyth remarks that— 


lately the Rey. C. 8. P. Parish, the able botanist and chaplain of Moulmein, 
observed on Barren Island the half-devoured remains of some rat, which it is not 
likely had been carried by a bird of prey from the nearest land, 36 miles distant. 
As the carcass was much mutilated, Mr. Parish did not think it worth while to pre- 
serve it in spirits, though had he done so the identification of the species, with the 
peculiar spiny-coated Mus andamanensis, would probably have been easy. 


This is the only published allusion to the Barren Island rat that I, 
have seen. 

Dr. Abbott found the animal excessively abundant in favorable 
localities among the patches of grass and scrubby jungle with which 
the volcanic ash and scoria of Barren Island are covered. He noted 
nothing peculiar in its habits. . 


MUS BURRUS, new species. 


Type.—Adult female (skin and skull), No. 111811, U.S. N. M.  Col- 
lected on Trinkut Island, Nicobars, February 5, 1901, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 881. 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 769 


Characters.—Size and general appearance much as in Mus pulliventer, 
but tail shorter, back less distinctly grizzled, and belly light buff. 
Fur spineless. Mamme 10. Skull much like that of Jus norvegicus. 

Fur.—The fur is like that of J/us atratus, that is, the spines are so 
reduced in diameter that on casual examination they do not appear 
different from the surrounding hairs. They are, however, slightly 
larger than in Jfus atratus. 

Color.—Back and sides a fine grizzle of black and russet, the colors 
nearly as in Mus pulliventer, but grizzle less distinct. The two ele- 
ments are in about equal parts on back, but on sides the russet is con- 
siderably in excess of the black, and at the same time slightly obscured 
by the drab gray of the underfur. Under parts and inner side of legs 
cream-buff to base of hairs. Crown and forehead like back, but a lit- 
tle tinged with gray; cheeks washed with drab. Feet scantily clothed 
with whitish and brownish hairs. Ears and tail uniform dark brown. 

Tail.—TVhe tail is coarsely and distinctly annulated. At middle 
there are about eight rings to the centimeter. To each scale there are 
from one to three stiff hairs varying in length from 1 to 14 millimeters. 

Mamme.—There are ten mamme, four pectoral and six inguinal. 

Feet.—The feet are in no way peculiar. Soles naked, with the 
usual six tubercles. 

Hars.— Ears as in the related species. 

Skull.—In a general way the skull of dus burrus rather closely 
resembles that of J/us norvegicus. It is slightly smaller than that of 
the house rat, however, the dorsal profile is less convex, the rostrum 
shorter and broader, the interorbital region less constricted, the zygo- 
matie arches less flaring, the braincase broader and less elevated, the 
interpterygoid space wider, and the audital bull slightly different 
in form and more resembling those of Jus rattus. Nasal bones grad- 
ually narrowed from front to back, their outer margins nearly straight 
except for the usual slight downward curve. Posterior portion of 
mandible somewhat deeper than in Jus norvegicus. 

Teeth.—The teeth are relatively somewhat larger than in the house 
rat, but the enamel pattern shows no peculiarities. 

Measurements.— External measurements of type: Total length, 480 
mm.; head and body, 215; tail, 215; hind foot, 43 (41); ear from 
meatus, 24; ear from crown, 18; width of ear, 17. Average of ten 
specimens from the type locality: Total length, 407 (885-430); head 
and body, 205 (195-225); tail vertebrae, 202 (193-215); hind foot, 42.5 
(42-43); hind foot, without claws, 40.6 (40-41.4). For detailed meas- 
urements, see table, page 772. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, 47.6 mm. (49)'; basal 
length, 43 (48.6); basilar length, 40 (41); palatal length, 23.4 (23); least 
width of palate between anterior molars, 5.4 (5); diastema, 14 (14); 


1Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult female Mus norvegicus. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 49 


770 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


length of incisive foramen, 8.4 (8.4); combined breadth of incisive 
foramina, 2.8 (3.8); length of nasals, 17.4 (18.6); combined breadth of 
nasals, 5 (5); zygomatic breadth, 22 (25); interorbital breadth, 8 (7); 
mastoid breadth, 17.4 (19); breadth of braincase above roots of zygo- 
mata, 17 (16.8); depth of braincase at anterior border of basioccipital, 
12.2 (13.6); fronto-palatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 11.8 
(11); least depth of rostrum immediately behind incisors, 9 (9); man- 
dible, 28 (29); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 7.6 (7.4); mandibular tooth- 
row (alveoli), 7.4 (7). 

Specimens examined.—Twelve, all from Trinkut Island, Nicobars. 

Remarks.—In external characters, the series of twelve skins show 
practically no variation. The younger specimens are less clear buff 
beneath, but with this exception the color is perfectly constant. The 
skulls are likewise very uniform. Here the variation is confined to 
the slight differences in size usually correlated with greater or less age. 
The nearly straight lateral outline of the nasal is an unvarying charac- 
teristic of the entire series of skulls. 

Whether Mus burrus is a direct descendant of the house rat can not 
be decided, but its relationship with this wandering species is not 
remote. The dark color and less spreading zygomata are alone sufli- 
cient to distinguish the Nicobarean animal, however, from any of the 
very numerous specimens of Jus norvegicus that have come under my 
observation. 


MUS BURRULUS, new species. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 111817,U. S. N. M. Col- 
lected on Car Nicobar, January 25, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. 
Original number, 865. 

Characters.—Similar to Mus burrus, but much smaller; hind foot, 38 
(36); greatest length of skull, 41. 

Color.—The color and other external characters so closely resemble 
those of Mus burrus as to need no detailed description. 

Skull.—The skull though differing from that of Jus burrus chiefly 
in its smaller size is also distinguishable by its much more slender ros- 
trum, a character which is in no way due to differences of age. The 
outer margin of the nasal is straight, as in the larger animal. 

Teeth.—The teeth are similar to those of Jus burrus, though per- 
ceptibly smaller throughout. 

Measurements.—External measurements of type: Total length, 357 
mm.; head and body, 174; tail, 183; hind foot, 38 (36); ear from meatus, 
19; ear from crown, 15; width of ear, 15. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, 41 mm.; basal 
length, 37.4; basilar length, 34.8; length of nasals, 15; combined breadth 
of nasals, 4; zygomatic breadth, 19.8; interorbital constriction, 6.8; 
maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 7. 


~J 
bt 


No. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. | 


Specimens examined.—One, the type. 

Remarks.—Although represented by only one specimen the rat of 
isolated Car Nicobar is evidently distinct from those of the larger 
southern islands. That its small size is not due to immaturity is shown 
by the fact that the type is fully adult, with distinctly worn teeth, a 
much older individual than several of the specimens of J/us burrus. 


MUS BURRESCENS, new species. 


Type.—Adult female (skin and skull), No. 111789, U.S.N.M.  Col- 
lected on Great Nicobar Island March 12, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. 
Original number, 926. : 

Characters.—Externally similar to Jus burrus, but red of upper 
parts a little more intense. Skull distinguishable from that of the 
related species by the form of the nasal bones, which are strongly con- 
tracted a little in front of middle. 

Color.—The upper parts are slightly more red than in Mus burrus 
and the grizzle produced by the black hair-tips is less coarse, differences 
easily appreciable on comparison. Otherwise the two animals are 
entirely similar so far as external characters are concerned. 

Skull.—The skull is like that of Jus burrus except in the form of 
the nasal bones. The outer margin of each nasal, straight or nearly 
so in Jus burrus, is here abruptly concave at middle. The result is a 
spatulate outline of the two nasals together, quite different from the 
regular cuneate form characteristic of J/us burrus and Mus burrulus. 

Teeth.—Teeth as in Mus burrus. 

Measurements.—External measurements of type: Total length, 408 
mm.; head and body, 206; tail, 202; hind foot, 40 (38); ear from mea- 
tus, 21; ear from crown, 16; width of ear, 15. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, 44.6 mm.; basal 
length, 40; basilar length, 38; length of nasals, 16; combined breadth 
of nasals, 5.6; zygomatic breadth, 21.8; interorbital constriction, 6.8; 
maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 7.4. 

Specimens examined.—Two, both from Great Nicobar Island. A 
specimen from Little Nicobar may represent this species, but it is too 
young for positive determination. 

Remarks. —The cranial character by which this species is distin- 
guished from its allies though trivial is apparently of perfect con- 
stancy. In none of the twelve skulls of Jus burrus is there any 
approach to the spatulate form of nasals. 


~J 
—~I 
SJ) 


Z PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Table of measurements of Mus andamanensis, Mus atratus, and Mus burrus. 


ys f Hind foot 
Name. Number. Sex. eter aercria Tail. Hine without 
claws. 
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. 

MAUSiQnaginanensis —----5- ss.) =a. AT S2I | SMe eee 375 183 192 39 37.6 

1D YO) sega 5) Bee eS Oe eRe rea TOWEY SY loon ae donee 387 175 212 38 36.6 
DOE ee seeitee Serene eek ace menemiee 111824 | Female... 297 160 137 37 36 

IDO) GAR eee Sones Soe er eee eee e 111826 | Male ..... 360 176 184 37 35.6 
DO eee eee oa eee ees 111827 | Female... 363 182 181 37 35 
DY) Se aes i oe ee Re 111829 | Male ..... 378 188 190 37 36 
DORE Remacrer osc cciee eek one ATH952 5 eens GOs sme 365 179 186 37 36 
1D SaMES Se Cee Cae DaCL eee aire 111953 | Female... 365 175 190 37.6 36 

MANO US Ree oes oC eee ee UT S62N| aac dokeee 316 150 166 38 35.6 
DORE Rete eee ee P= = ae 111863 | Male ..... 356 175 181 38 35 
DOR tare eink Gel ment eae 111864 | Female... 352 170 182 40 38 
[Des 3255 Beeeeeebe acs enema MATS 65) Sale ys sare nema Uh Th Eee. 39 37 
DOS see San ose aap Se aees coRee sae 111866 | Female... 352 172 180 39 36 
DOs ee St ele vech ant Gs 2-0 3 ae Sales 111867 | Male ..... 322 149 173 39 36 

WORE SASS eee nee eee eae ees 1411868 | Female. 342 160 182 47 44.6 

Do 111869 | Male ..... 372 182 190 39 36.6 
Mus burrus 111803 | Female... 405 195 210 42 40 
Do 111804 | Male ..... 410 207 203 43 41 
DOO ase Soon ee HIA8Oh |S S = 2. Corre 435 225 210 43 41 
Do 111806 | Female... 382 191 191 41 39 
Do 111807 | Male ....- 398 196 202 42.6 41 
Do 111808 | Female... 402 200 | 202 42 40 

Do 111809 | Male ..... 404 206 198 43 41.4 
Do AULSTOR Saco CO eee 3885 197 | 188 43 41 

DOM so Sos 2 eee ee es ene 1111811 | Female... 430 215 215 43 41.4 
DOs cee eae epee ee eeanes TG 5 ee doeece 388 195 193 41 39 
1 Del ees sotuse son becoeeuasccars THONGS eaeae donee 345 165 180 42 40 
DO eae Seach eoccmacceueceonEe ANTSTA Eee do 416 216 200 42 40 

1Type. 


MUS ALEXANDRINUS E. Geoffroy. 


A specimen of the roof rat was taken by Dr. Abbott on Nanhauri 
Island, Nicobars, February 10, 1901. The measurements are as fol- 
lows: Total length, 357 mm.; head and body, 172; tail, 185; hind 
foot, 35 (33). This is the first positive record of the species from the 
Nicobars or Andamans. 


Genus PARADOXURUS F. Cuvier. 


PARADOXURUS TYTLERII Tytler. 


1860. Paradoxurus musanga vel typus (2?) Buiytru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 
XXIX, p. 102. (Port Blair.) 

1864. Paradoxurus tytlerti TytLeR, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XX XIII, p. 188. 
(Andaman Islands. ) 

The Andaman palmeivet was first recorded by Blyth in 1860 on the 
basis of an imperfect skeleton sent to the museum of the Asiatic 
Society by Captain Hodge, then in command of the guard ship Sesostrds 
at Port Blair. The specimen was in too imperfect condition to be 
satisfactorily identified with any of the known members of the genus. 
Four years later Lieutenant-Colonel Tytler, governor of Port Blair, 
communicated to the Asiatic Society a description of a new species of 
Paradoxurus from the Andaman Islands, by way of introduction to 
which he remarks: 


As the mammalia found on these islands must be of interest, I beg to send you the 
following description of a NEw Paradoxurus which I have named after myself. 


No. 1271. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 773 


Without doubt this animal is the same as that previously mentioned 
by Blyth. Apparently Blanford is the only other author who has 
dealt with the animal. He refers it to Paradoxurus grayi, with the 
observation that it is smaller than the continental form." 

Dr. Abbott secured one specimen, a fully adult male with somewhat 
worn teeth. It was trapped in the forest on the shore of MacPherson 
Strait, South Andaman Island, January 17, 1901. Many tracks were 
seen in the sand of the neighboring beach. The measurements of this 
individual are as follows: Total length, 1,040 mm.; head and body, 
550; tail, 490; hind foot (without claws), 83; ear from meatus, 42; ear 
from crown, 31; width of ear, 30. Skull: Greatest length, 108; 
basal length, 103; basilar length, 100; occipito-nasal length (median), 
95; length of nasals (median), 23; length of bony palate (median), 53; 
width of palate between anterior premolars, 14; width between pos- 
terior molars, 29; zygomatic breadth, 61; least interobital breadth, 
21: distance between anterior extremities of audital bulla, 16.6; width 
of braincase above roots of zygomata, 33.6; mandible, 82; maxillary 
toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 39; mandibular toothrow (exclusive 
of incisors), 44. 

Genus FELIS Linnzeus. 


FELIS CHAUS Gueldenstedt. 


1863. Felis chaus Biyta, Appendix to Mouat’s Adventures and Researches 
among the Andaman Islanders, p. 351. 

That a small yellowish brown cat occurs on South Andaman Island 
seems fairly well established by the note of Colonel Tytler, quoted by 
Blyth in the appendix to Mouat’s Adventures and Researches. No 
specimen of the animal has ever been examined, as Tytler merely saw 
a living individual at a distance of some 150 vards, and the skull found 
by Dr. Mouat on the occasion of his visit to fhe island was subsequently 
lost. Blyth suggests that the animal is probably /e/is chaus, but this 
is purely a matter of conjecture. 


Genus TUPAIA Raffles. 


TUPAIA NICOBARICA NICOBARICA (Zelebor). 


1861. Cladobates nicobaricus Frrzrincer, Sitzungsber. math.-naturwissensch. Cl. 
Kais. Akad. Wissensch., Wien, XLII (1860), p. 392 (nomen nudum). 

1869. Cladobates nicobaricus ZELEBOR, Reise der dsterreich. Fregatte Novara, Zool., 
I (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mamm., p. 17. ‘Great Nicobar.) 

1879. Tupaia nicobarica ANDERSON, Anat. and Zool. Researches, Western Yun- 
nan (1878), p. 136. 


Unless the ‘‘large squirrel” observed by Capt. Harold Lewis in 
1846” may have been this species, the Nicobar treeshrew escaped notice 


1Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 1885, p. 805. The Fauna of British India, 1, Mamm., 
p. 113, 1888. 
2Journ Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, p. 367. 


rare! PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


until the year 1858, when it was discovered by the naturalists of the 
Novara expedition. They found it on all the larger Nicobar islands, 
but most abundantly on Great Nicobar. According to their account 
it is a noisy animal, uttering a long-drawn ‘‘ diinh-dinh” when dis- 
turbed or pursued. Nothing of importance has been added to this 
very meager account of the animal’s habit. Dr. Abbott describes it as 
very active, and generally found in the treetops; apparently more 
strictly arboreal than other members of the genus. 

The series of 18 skins obtained by Dr. Abbott shows that the species 
is rather variable in color, somewhat more so, in fact, than other mem- 
bers of the genus. In most specimens the color-pattern is like that 
shown in Zelebor’s plate—that is, the dark dorsal area is continued for- 
ward along side of shoulder to join that of head, thus completely 
isolating the yellowish brown mantle from the pale area of the under- 
parts. In others the dark area invades the mantle, reducing it occa- 
sionally to a mere trace, but never to its entire obliteration. On the 
other hand, in a few skins the mantle is so extended as to cover the 
entire head and shoulders, thus excluding the dark area from the 
region in front of a point halfway between shoulder and hip. The 
color of the tail varies from nearly black and concolor with the dark 
dorsal area toa yellowish brown like that of belly. Though there is a 
difference in appearance between the brown of the mantle and that of 
the belly, it is chiefly if not wholly due to the dense silky quality of the 
fur of the upper parts as compared with the loose, lusterless texture 
of that beneath. The actual color is difficult to describe, as nothing like 
itcan be found in Ridgway’s nomenclature. It most closely approaches 
buff (PL. v, fig. 13), but is strongly tinged with wood brown, the glossy 
fur of the mantle often imparting a peculiar vividness without actually 
changing the shade. On thighs there is added a faint tinge of drab, 
which in some specimens ‘appears also on mantle and underparts. 


TUPAIA NICOBARICA SURDA, new subspecies. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 111757, U.S.N.M. Collected 
on Little Nicobar Island, March 1, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original 
number, 899. 

Characters.—Similar to Tupaia nicobarica nicobarica, but light areas 
of pelage much less yellow and less contrasted with dark areas. 

Color.—Type: Entire underparts, front and hind legs, head, neck, 
shoulders, and anterior half of back wood brown, tinged with drab 
posteriorly and on upper parts, with buff elsewhere. An indefinite 
dark shade on forehead and another on nape, the latter sending back 
a faint median streak and two still more indistinct lateral shades. On 
underparts and inner surface of legs the hairs are dull and lusterless 
and the color clear, but on upper parts and outer surface of legs the 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. G5: 


glossy texture of the hairs, together with a very fine annulation (partic- 
ularly in mantle), imparts a faintly grizzled aspect. Posterior half of 
back very dark brown, almost black, with here and there a hair which 
shows a trace of wood brown annulation. Tail deep burnt umber 
throughout, except at extreme base, where it shades abruptly to black 
above and to the drab wood brown of belly below. 

In other specimens the dark dorsal area is lightened to prouts brown 
(of a shade considerably darker than Ridgway’s Pl. m1, fig. 11) and 
the tail to a pale burnt umber glossed with russet. In most cases, 
however, the color is like that of the type, or nearly so. 

Skull and teeth.—I can not find that the skull and teeth differ from 
those of Zupaia nicobarica nicobarica. 

Measurements.—External measurements of type: Total length, 410 
mm.; head and body, 190; tail vertebrae, 220; hind foot, 48 (45); ear 
from meatus, 16; ear from crown, 7; width of ear, 13.4. Average of 
ten specimens from the type locality: Total length, 388 (870-410); 
head and body, 176 (170-190); tail, 212 (200-220); hind foot, 47.5 
(47-49); hind foot without claws, 44.4 (48.4-45). For detailed exter- 
nal measurements see table, page 776. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, 54 (53)' mm.; basal 
length, 47 (46); basilar length, 46 (45); median palatal length, 28 (27.6); 
length of nasals (about), 18 (18); distance from lachrymal notch to tip 
of premaxillary, 21.8 (20.8); diastema, 5 (4.6); width of palate between 
anterior molars, 9.6 (9.8); lachrymal breadth, 18.4 (17.8); breadth of 
rostrum at middle of diastema, 7 (7.4); least interorbital breadth, 
17.4 (16.4); zygomatic breadth, 28 (28.6); least distance from inion to 
rim of orbit, 26 (26.6); occipital depth, 12.4 (12); depth from middle 
of parietal to lower surface of audital bulla, 18 (17.4); depth of ros- 
trum at base of nasals, 8 (8); depth of rostrum at middle of diastema, 
5.8 (5.4); mandible, 37 (36); maxillary toothrow (behind diastema, 
19 (19); mandibular toothrow (behind diastema) 17 (17). 

Specimens examined.—Seventeen, all from Little Nicobar Island. 

Remarks.—Typical individuals representing the majority of speci- 
mens are instantly recognizable, as compared with similar material 
from Great Nicobar, by the dull, relatively lusterless, and ill-contrasted 
color of the mantle and thighs, as well as by the less yellow underparts. 
The mantle is less often outlined by a dark shade at the side than in 
the typical form. Occasionally a specimen may be found which can 
not be certainly referred to either race, but taking the series as a 
whole the characters are readily appreciable. 


1 Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male Tupaia nicobarica nico- 
barica. 


776 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Table of measurements of Tupaia nicobarica nicobarica and T. niobarica surda. 


Head . Hind foot 
Name. Number. Sex. 1 fe oa and Tail. pe without 
elie body. : claws. 
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. 
Tupaia nicobarica nicobarica ...--- 111764 | Female ad.. 385 175 210 47.6 | 44 
DOs esc see Soto cieisieteccecaseeee T4765" | Seer Ogee eee 410 190 220 49.6 46 
| D YO SERtas SN i Re eee ane ry ti by Ue Ss A (OC 410 187 223 50 47 
WO ea asec. ee ae Sa acts Saas ae PSs | aeese (GlOlpagorc 392 187 205 50 46 
DY ORs BAe Orne ea aeons anette TO WPA esc doreess 413 192 221 48 45 
DO See ae sacs a eis aes see (hb Wirt) |S Saae (s\n eaoae 395 180 215 47.4 44 
DO ee ast aoe a Sesser ee Tbe) eoase doreaae: 402 187 215 48 45 
DOS oisice occn cis esses seeseaeee 111766 | Male juy -.. 383 180 203 46 44 
DOr sta: Sasa eae ec eee 111767 | Male ad .... 415 195 220 49.6 46 
DOn ec eee eet e a esaoeseceee TAGS eases doze. 375 185 190 50 46 
DOGS TEE LE ata eee ene see cea eeeee THB Boose do= ee 380 180 200 47 44 
DO cee Saas pee eee aoe ee {bb 77a ame GOR S55 390 180 210 aq | 44 
DO ies sn crosationae tenes actseee TOD 7/77 eee oe dower: 396 190 206 47 44 
DO eteeas emia te doarccteecese eee Unb ii7e eee doees-ce 410 195 215 48 45 
Dovitt 5220s oe hee te See oe Ib Wie esaoe doesn: 410 178 232 48 45 
DOs se tose cee seen seas oeesees DIF 80) eee = donee 416 191 225 47 44.6 
Tupaia nicobarica surda.....------ A749" Wale vcs see 404 189 215 47 43.4 
DOe saat jacceeketsk e sheee eae 1B GG. e eee dost 390 170 220 49 45. 6 
DOs eet s- t Se so Soc nee hott ene 111751 | Female..-.-. 390 170 220 47 44 
DO sno pasekcenins ce seceineeceeeees M7525) Male eo eeee 390 190 200 49 45 
DO: -52% Ses = Bee cee se eeeone MASS eee doe 380 180 200 47 44 
IDO ne oss eR cas eee ee ose Boe 111754 | Female..... 405 190 215 47 44 
DOs ee ade ERR seams eres 111755 |....- GO see 395 185 210 47 44 
DOzssace set's yar cere eee 111756 | Male ....-.- 390 175 215 47 44.6 
DOS en Secs see eee ee LPTs 22208 doiccis: 410 190 220 48 45 
DOO eect ech cone aavseenen meee 111758 | Female..... 390 180 210 47.6 44.6 
DOr eens coeds ereaiaee oe 111759 | Male .....-.. 400 185 215 47.6 44 
DOs eeiece nse Seem eer es eeae LUGO M See. GOs asa a5 403 178 225 47.6 45 
DOSS 422 ees cee eee os ATUZGIS aS ee (Korea 8 400 180 220 48 45 
DOs pees ses ceeelick a oc ec 111762 | Female..... 400 190 210 49 45.6 
DO nsec asctacseebenes ee ete DTV763e) 23 a2 do\seseee 382 182 200 48 45 
DORKS Seceer wcteee teas eee oe 1b ViFoM ease GOen aes 410 185 225 48.4 45 
WO assess oR ees oe eons 7S | Soe donc: 420 190 230 50 47 
1 Type. 


GENUS CROCIDURA Wagler. 


CROCIDURA NICOBARICA, new species. 


Type.—Adult female (in alcohol), No. 111788, U.S.N.M. Collected 
on Great Nicobar Island, March 15, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. 
Original number, 931. 

Characters.—Largest known oriental member of the subgenus 
Crocidura; total length, about 210 mm. General color, sooty brown. 

Fur.—The fur is dense and velvety, the hairs on middle of back 
about 4 mm. in length, with a few longer ones interspersed. 

Color.—Dorsal surface prouts brown (slightly darker than Ridg- 
way’s Pl. 1, fig. 11), somewhat grizzled in certain lights by the sil- 
very gray reflections from the hairs. Sides, underparts, and both sur- 
faces of legs broccoli brown, slightly washed with wood brown. On 
middle of chest there is an elongate patch of gray, very nearly Ridg- 
way’s gray No. 8, but faintly washed with broccoli brown. Ears, tail, 
and feet an indefinite fleshy brownish, the thin sprinkling of minute 
hairs not affecting the color. 

Tail.—The tail isso mimutely and indistinctly annulated that, at first 
sight, its surface appears to be smooth. On close inspection the rings 
become visible, about thirty to the centimeter at middle. Numerous 
dark hairs with silvery reflections spring from the border of each 


~l 


(ari 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 


ring. In length they slightly exceed the width of the rings. These 
hairs are invisible without the aid of a lens, except when seen in pro- 
file against a white surface, or when certain lights cause them to appear 
as a silvery pubescent sheen. With the short hairs are sparsely inter- 
mingled cilia, 10 mm. in length. 

Mamme.— Apparently there are two inguinal mamme on each side, 
but the specimen is sufficiently mutilated to make the count uncertain. 

Feet.—Both soles and palms are naked and 6-tuberculate. The sur- 
face between the tubercles is finely reticulated. 

Skull.—The skull exactly resembles that of Kashmir specimens of 
Crocidura (Pachyura) **‘murina,” except that the size is a trifle less. 
So far as can be determined from a single specimen the skull of the 
fully developed adult Nicobar shrew is less angular than that of C. 
‘“murina” of the same age. : 

Tceth.—The teeth resemble those of Crocidura ‘‘murina.” The 
first unicuspid is, however, distinctly smaller than in the Kashmir 
animal, and the two succeeding teeth are faintly larger. Asa result 
there is less contrast in the size of the unicuspids, though the relative 
proportions remain the same—that is, the first is much larger than the 
third, which in turn exceeds the second. Of the fourth unicuspid, 
well developed in C. ‘‘ murina,” there is no trace. 

Measurements. —External measurements of type: Total length, 210 
mm.; head and body, 120; tail, 90;' hind foot, 241 (23); ear from 
meatus, 11; ear from crown, 5; width of ear, 11. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length (exclusive of inci- 
sors), 27 (29) mm.;” basal length, 26 (28); basilar length, 24 (26); 
palatal length, 11.8 (12.4); width of palate between middle molars, 3.6 
(4); mastoid breadth, 11.6 (12.8); lachrymal breadth, 6.2 (6.2); man- 
dible (without incisor), 15 (14.8); maxillary toothrow, 12.8 (13); man- 
dibular toothrow, 12 (12). 

Specimens cvamined.—One, the type. 

Remarks.—This species is readily distinguishable among the hitherto 
known oriental members of the subgenus Cvroc/dura by its very large 
size, a character in which it is approached by its representative in the 
Andaman Islands only. Some of the larger African species are, how- 
ever, of about the same measurements. 


CROCIDURA ANDAMANENSIS, new species. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 111825, U.S.N.M.  Col- 
lected at MacPherson Strait, South Andaman Island, January 16, 1901, 
by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 851. 


‘Slightly damaged. 

* Measurements in parentheses are those of a female Crocidura ‘‘murina,”? from 
Kashmir. It is from an individual which appears to be full grown, but in which 
the suture between the basioccipital and basiphenoid is still open. In the type of 
C. nicobarica this suture is obliterated. 


778 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Characters.—In size nearly equal to Crocidura nicobarica; gen- 
eral color, bluish gray. 

Fur.—The fur is somewhat longer and less dense than in the type 
of C. nicobarica, that on middle of back about 8 mm. in length. ~ This 
character is probably individual. 

Color.—Entire body and head gray (very nearly Ridgway’s No. 8), 
everywhere washed with broccoli brown. This wash is most notice- 
able on dorsal surface, where the effect of the two colors is drab gray. 
On underparts the brown is distinctly visible in some lights, scarcely 
so in others. Feet, yellowish brown; tail and ears, dark brown. 

Skull.—The skull is in every way similar to that of Cvocidura 
nicobarica, except that it is somewhat smaller. . 

Teeth.—In general the teeth of Crocidura andamanensis closely 
resemble those of C. nécobarica. The unicuspids are, however, actu- 
ally as well as relatively larger, and the contrast in size between the 
second and the other two is more marked. 

Measurements. —External measurements of type: Total length, 200 
mm.; head and body, 114; tail, 86; hind foot, 26 (25). 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length (exclusive of inci- 
sors), 25.6 mm.; basal length, 24.8; basilar length, 22; palatal length, 
11; width of palate between middle molars, 3.2; mastoid breadth, 11; 
lachrymal breadth, 6; mandible (without incisor), 15; maxillary tooth- 
row, 12; mandibular toothrow, 11. 

Specimens examined. —One, the type. 

Remarks.—This species, though closely related to Crocidura nico- 
barica, appears to be well characterized by its smaller size, larger 
unicuspid teeth, and distinctly gray color. 


Genus SCOTOPHIL US, Leach: 
SCOTOPHILUS TEMMINCKII (Horsfield). 
1863. Nycticejus temminckii Buytu, Appendix to Mouat’s Adventures and Re- 
searches among the Andaman Islanders, p. 354 (Nicobars). 

In the Appendix to Monat’s Apventuresand Researches Blyth writes: 
‘*From the Nicobars have been received //ippostderos murinus (Elliot) 
and Vycticejus temminckii (Horstield) . . .” This is the only record 
of Temminck’s bat from either group of islands. It was apparently 
overlooked by Blanford, who does not include either Nicobars or 
Andamans in the range of the species. 


Genus TYLONYCLERIS Peters: 
TYLONYCTERIS PACHYPUS (Temminck). 
1876. Vesperugo pachypus Dosson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt., p. 210 (Andamans). 


Although they are not mentioned in the body of the work, Dobson 
records sixteen Andaman specimens of this bat in the catalogue of 
Chiroptera in the Indian Museum forming part of the Appendix to the 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 779 


Monograph of Asiatic Chiroptera. Nothing is known of the history 
of these specimens except that they were collected in 1871 and 1872 
by Dr. Stoliczka, J. Homfray, and James Wood-Mason. 


Genus Pre ism eww Ss, Kauip. 


PIPISTRELLUS TICKELLI (Blyth). 


1876. Vesperugo tickelli Dopson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt., p. 208 (Andamans). 


Three specimens of Tickell’s bat, collected by Colonel Tytler in the 
Andaman Islands, are recorded by Dobson in the catalogue of speci- 
mens of Chiroptera in the Indian Museum, which forms part of the 
Appendix to the Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera. Nothing fur- 
ther is known of the animal as an inhabitant of the islands. 


PIPISTRELLUS CAMORTAZ, new species. 


1861. ? Vesperugo nicobaricus Frrzincer, Sitzungsber. Math.-Naturwissensch. Cl. 
Kais. Akad. Wissensch., Wien, XLII (1860), p.390 (nomen nudum). 

1869. ?Vesperugo tenuis ZeLeBor, Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara, 
Zool., I (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mamm., p. 16 ( Nicobars). 

1876. ? Vesperugo abramus Dopson, Monogr. Asijat. Chiropt., p. 212 (Nicobars). 

Type.—Adult male (in alcohol) No. 111897, U.S.N.M. Collected on 
Kamorta Island, Nicobar Islands, February 12, 1901, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. 

Characters.—Externally much like Javan specimens of Ppistrellus 
abramus, but slightly smaller, the ears shorter and broader, and penis 
considerably shorter than tibia. Skull with broader rostrum and 
smaller audital bulle. Teeth as in ?. abramus, the inner upper incisor 
bifid. 

Ears.—The ear is moderately long; laid forward it extends about to 
nostril. Anterior border nearly straight from base to broadly rounded- 
off tip. Posterior border straight from just below tip to about middle, 
then strongly convex to notch isolating low but well-developed anti- 
tragus. Tragus short and broad, its greatest width nearly equal to 
length of anterior border. Posterior outline evenly convex except 
where interrupted by a small but very distinct lobe near base. Ante- 
rior border slightly concave. 

Feet.—TVhe foot is smaller than in Pipistrellus abramus. Calear 
fading insensibly into uropatagium, but provided with a very distinct 
keel, considerably larger than that of 2. abramus. 

Membranes.—The membranes are thin and delicate, but do not show 
any peculiarities of importance. They are naked except close to body. 
Wing from base of outer toe. 

Penis.—The penis, though much larger than in Pipistrellus pipis- 
trellus and P. kuhli, lacks the enormous development characteristic of 
P. abramus. Its length equals about two-thirds that of tibia. 

Color.—After several months immersion in alcohol the color is a 


780 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


uniform dark brown above (the exact shade intermediate between the 
bistre and burnt umber of Ridgway), and a lighter brown (between 
wood brown and cinnamon) beneath. Fur everywhere blackish at 
base. Ears and membranes blackish brown, the wing faintly edged 
with white. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull resembles that of P/pistrellus abramus 
in general size and form, but the rostral portion is very noticeably 
broader and shorter. Audital bulle smaller than in P. abramus, but 
not different in form. 

Teeth as in Pipistrellus abramus, but more robust. 

Measurements. —External measurements of type: Total length, 78 
mm. (80);' head and body, 48 (48); tail, 30 (82); tibia, 12 (11.6); foot, 
6.8 (6.6); penis, 9; forearm, 31.6 (32); thumb, 5 (5.4); second digit, 31 
(30); third digit, 52 (55); fourth digit, 47 (51); fifth digit, 40 (42); ear 
from meatus, 11.4 (12); ear from crown, 9 (9); width of ear, 10.6 (10.6); 
tragus (anterior border), 3 (4). 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, 12.6 mm. (13);” 
basal length, 12 (12.2); basilar length, 9 (9.8); zygomatic breadth, 
9 (8.8); least interorbital breadth, 3.6 (3.6); greatest length of brain- 
case, 7.8 (8); greatest breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 
7 (6.8); mandible, 10 (9.8); maxillary toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 
5 (5); mandibular toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 5 (5). 

Specimens exramined.—Two (in alcohol), both from the type locality. 

Remarks.— Pipistrellus camortw appears to be a well-marked species 
related more closely to 7. abramus than to any other. It is undoubt- 
edly the bat which Dobson recorded from the Nicobars in the list of 
specimens of Vesperugo abramus in the collection of the East Indian 
Museum. Probably it is also the species named Vesperugo nicobaricus 
by Fitzinger, but afterwards regarded by Zelebor as V. tenuis. 


Genus MINIOPTERUS Bonaparte. 
MINIOPTERUS PUSILLUS Dobson. 


1876. [Miniopterus schreibersii] var. a@ Minopterus pusillus Dosson, Monogr. 
Asiat. Chiropt., p. 162 (Nicobar Islands). 

Although the range of this bat 1s given by Dobson as probably 
including the same countries as that of J/. schrecbersi7, Anderson states 
that the type specimen in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, was collected 
among the Nicobar Islands by Dr. Stoliczka.* Nothing is known of 
the species beyond the facts that it 1s apparently common on the Nico- 
bar Islands, and that it has been recorded from the Andamans and 
also from Madras. Dr. Abbott did not meet with it. 


! Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult female from the type locality. 

? Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult female Pipistrellus abramus 
from Buitenzore, Java. 

3 Catal. Mamm. Ind. Mus. Caleutta, 1881, p. 146. Though no definite locality is 
given lor the type specimen, filteen others are recorded trom Kachal Island. 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 781 


Genus RHINOLOPHUS E. Geoffroy. 
RHINOLOPHUS ANDAMANENSIS Dobson. 


1872. Rhinolophus andamanensis Dopson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XLI, Pt. 2, 
p- 337. (South Andaman Island. ) 
The type and only known specimen of this bat was collected by Mr. 
Homfray, assistant superintendent at Port Blair. Nothing is known 
of the animal’s habits or distribution. 


Genus HiPPOsS(DEROS Leach. 
HIPPOSIDEROS NICOBARENSIS (Blanford). 
1871. Phyllorhina nicobarensis Dosson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XL, Pt. 2, 
p. 262. 
1891. Hipposideros nicobarensis BLANFoRD, The Fauna of British India, Mamm., 
p- 286. 

Nothing is known of this bat, except that the type specimen, now in 
the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, was collected among 
the Nicobar Islands by Dr. Stoliczka. According to Dobson its rela- 
tionships are with //. diedemata. 


HIPPOSIDEROS NICOBARUL&, new species. 


1876. Phyllorhina bicolor Dopson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt., p. 70 (Nicobars). 


Type.—Adult male (in alcohol), No. 111874, U.S.N.M. Collected 
on Little Nicobar Island, March 2, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. 

Characters.—Closely related to Hipposideros bicolor and I. fulvus, 
with which it agrees in all general external features. Size much less 
than that of 7/7. fulva and slightly greater than in //. bicolor. Termi- 
nal erect portion of noseleaf broader than in //. b¢color; skull more 
inflated in front of orbits, and with broader palate and interpterygoid 
region. 

Noseleaf.—TVhe noseleaf is slightly larger than that of //:pposideros 
bicolor, but not essentially different in form. The posterior erect 
portion is slightly broader, but the difference may be in part sexual, 
as the only specimen of //. bicolor at hand is a female. 

Color.—Two distinct color phases occur. In the dark phase, repre- 
sented by the type, the hairs of the back are seal brown through 
terminal third, light smoke gray basally in strong contrast. On under- 
parts the fur is broccoli brown throughout, the hairs slightly darker 
at tip. In the light phase the whole body is mars brown, the hairs 
everywhere light gray at base, but this feature most noticeable on 
back. Ears and membranes blackish. This description is based on 
specimens that have been immersed in alcohol for about six months. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull is so much smaller than that of //ppo- 
sideros fulwus that it needs no special comparison. From the skull of 
HT, bicolor it differs in slightly larger size and in several details of 
structure. The width of the constricted portion of the palate is con- 


782 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


siderably greater than in the allied species, and the interpterygoid 
space is wider in proportion to its length. Antorbital region more 
inflated than in either of the allied species. 

The teeth show no peculiarities of form. They are intermediate in 
size between those of //ipposideros bicolor and [/. fulovus. 

Measurements.—For external measurements see table below. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, 16.4 (16) mm.;? 
basal length, 14 (14); basilar length, 12.8 (12.8); zygomatic ee 
8.4 (8.2); ree interorbital meee 2.2 (2.4); mastoid breadth, 
(8.6); greatest length of braincase, 10 (10); greatest breadth of aie 
case above roots of zygomata, 7 (7); frontopalatal depth (at middle of 
molar series), 3 (3); depth of braincase, 5.8 (5.4); maxillary toothrow 
(exclusive of incisors), 5.6 (5.4); mandible, 10 (10); mandibular tooth- 
row (exclusive of incisors), 6 (6). 

Specimens ecamined.—Twenty-tive, all from the type locality. 

Remarks.—Though in some respects intermediate between //ippo- 
sideros bicolor and HH. fulvus, this species is so readily distinguishable 
as to need no special comparison. 


Table of measurements of Hipposideros nicobarulx. 


6 | 
iat & 

ae 5 me a § 3 q 

tS BD SiO" a es eam 

Number. | Sex. | s elale] w d led Oa 

| 42 A | e' og | fo} a fo) fe} = 

P| By ical eats rep ails | = Bl eealmees 

iia) 3 8 OE el eh | ee sae ea Oe 

[o) os) = 3 (e) 5 aq =| a a Real 

eyes | Gym | Sie | ben Peo ie |e le nen) ee 

Le ! es S| | | =a z 

Mm|Mm| Mm | Mm | Mm |\Mm\ Mm |Mm Mm|Mm| Mm) Mm | Mm | Mm 

111871 78 | 30 | 17 a 9 40 | 5.6 | 34 | 64 | 50 | 53 | 18 15/40 | 17 

TNS eee see! 81 | 33 | 17 6.4 | 10 40 5.4 | 32 | 61 | 51 | 54 | 17.4 | 15 18 
111874! We | die 16 7 9.4 | 39 | 5.6] 32 | 63 | 49 | 52 | 19 14.6 | 17.6 

111876 75 | 29 | 16 7 39 | 6 82) 1°66) || 52) | 65) 18 14 17 
111885 75 | 29 | 18 6.8 | 10 40 | 6 32 | 65 | 51 | 54 | 19 14 17.4 

111895. . 78 | 31 | 17 7 9 39 | 5.6] 33 | 65 | 50 | 54 | 19 15 17 
111875. . 83 | 32 | 18 6.6 | 10 | 41°) 526 | 33°) (65) 539) So.) 20" 116 18.4 

111877.. Koy P27k 1) ANG 7 9 40/| 5 32 | 63 | 49 | 538 | 18.6 | 15 16 
111887. . ae SOO SA sal stay Beeb} Is} 6.8 | 10 40} 6 32 | 65 | 52 | 56 | 20 15.6 | 17.4 

TN S88 eee do 81 | 33 | 18 7 11 41 | 6.6 | 35 | 68 | 54 | 56 | 19 15 18 
111894 9 83 | 34 |.18.4 | 6.6 | 10 42] 6 33 | 65 | 52 | 55 | 19 15 17.6 

1Type. 


Genus PTEROPUS Brisson. 
PTEROPUS NICOBARICUS Zelebor. 


1846. Pteropus edulis Buyta, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, p. 367. (Nicobar 
Islands. ) 

1861. Pteropus nicobaricus Frrzincer, Sitzungsber. Math.-Naturwissensch. Cl. 
Kais. Akad. Wissensch., Wien, XLII (1860), p. 389. 1861. (Nomen nudum.) 

1869. ace nicobaricus ZELEBOR, Reise der osterreichischen Frigatte Novara, 
Zool., I (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mamm., p. 11. (Car. Nicobar.) 


The earliest notice of the Nicobar Sunt oops to be that in 


fa Rovereto nis in oenanueees are tees of an Faun ae spans os bicolor from 
Sumatra. Some of the cranial dimensions of an adult male H. fulvus from Deccan, 
India, are as follows: Greatest length, 18; basal length, 15.6; zygomatic breadth, 9.4; 
interorbital constriction, 2.8; maxillary toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 6.4. 


No, (269, ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 783 


Blyth’s Notes on the Fauna of the Nicobar Islands, published in 
1846.' The animal was here recorded as Pteropus edulis; but that 
Blyth was not satisfied with this determination is shown by the stress 
laid on the peculiarities of the specimens. His entire account is as 
follows: 


Pteropus edulis: Pt. javanicus, Horsf., ete. Three specimens are remarkable for 
haying the throat and front of the neck black, the head blackish, the nape dull 
reddish-brown, the back shining black, flanks and vent dull black, and the rest of 
the underparts dull reddish brown, much paler in the center. 


This is an excellent description of Pteropus nicobaricus. In 1863 
Blyth applied to these specimens the name /teropus melanotus, but 
this, according to Dobson, at least’—I have not seen the work where 
it occurs*—is a nomen nudum. Meanwhile the naturalists of the 
Novara expedition had discovered the animal on Car Nicobar; and 
the name Pteropus nicobaricus had been published. This name as it 
appeared in 1860 was purely a nomen nudum, and not until 1869 was 
it properly defined. The correct specific name for this bat is there- 
fore open to serious question, since any positive means of connecting 
Blyth’s Pteropus melanotus of 1863 with his description of 1846 would 
preclude the use of nzcobaricus. 

In the supplement to Mouat’s Adventures and Researches Among 
the Andaman Islanders, 1863, Blyth states that no Pteropus has yet 
been observed upon the Andamans; but in 1876 Dobson records 
P. nicobaricus from both Andamans and Nicobars, while two years 
later he gives the range as including the Andamans, Nicobars, Java, 
and Pulo Condor. Iam inclined to doubt the authenticity of these 
records, though I have had no opportunity of examining the speci- 
mens on which they are based. That a Pteropus is abundant on some 
of the Andaman Islands is shown by Hume’s account of a species 
observed in 1873. 

As we were returning [he writes], thousands of huge flying foxes (Pleropus nico- 
baricus they proved to be) poured out from the higher trees on this side of the island 
[the smaller Jolly Boy] in one continuous stream. We shot five or six; those that 
were not quite dead we retrieved as they floated, but those that were killed outright 
sank like stones, and we only succeeded in fishing up one of these that we marked 
exactly, and then saw lying black on the coral bottom that shone up white and bright 
in the moonlight. 


Other records of specimens from the Andamans may be found in 
Anderson’s Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Indian Museum.° 
Here is mentioned also a skull from Mergui, but it has no history, 
and the locality given is probably erroneous.*® 


‘Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, pp. 367-379 (Mammalia, pp. 367-368). 
* Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt., 1876, p. 17. 

*Catal. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1863, p. 20. 

‘Stray Feathers, II, p. 61, 1874. 

5 Pp. 102-103. 

°See Blanford, The Fauna of British India, Mamm., 1891, p. 261. 


784 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Dr. Abbott obtained sixteen adults, eight from Great Nicobar, and 
eight from Tillanchong. On Car Nicobar, the type locality of the 
species, he found only the very different P. fawnulus. 

There is considerable individual variation in both color and size, but 
taken as a whole the series from the two islands are not distinguishable 
from each other. The variation in size is shown in the table of 
measurements below; that in color is for the most part confined to the 
mantle. The entire head in front of ears and the back is blackish, 
only occasionally tinged with brown. Underparts blackish along sides 
and across throat, the lower neck usually suffused with an indefinite 
reddish brown. Middle of chest and belly light brown, in strong con- 
trast with sides and throat. The color of this area is essentially the 
same as that of the mantle, and like the latter very difficult to describe 
with any degree of accuracy. In none of the specimens, however, 
is it as pale as the extreme phase of the mantle. In a general way 
it may be described as an ochraceous buff, rather yellower than 
that of Ridgway (Pl. v, No. 10). Along median line of belly this is 
usually tinged with drab, and at sides, just before merging into the 
black lateral area, with russet. The hairs have a conspicuous silky 
gloss in certain lights. The mantle, while generally of the same 
ground color is occasionally a very light buff or cream buff. In these 
specimens the color is nearly uniform, but in the more usual phase the 
median and anterior portion of tbe mantle is strongly suffused with 
red. This suffusion may be a dull brownish hazel, a clear cinnamon 
rufous, or both on different parts of the mantle. In such cases the 
browner tints are usually near center. Ears, membranes, feet, and 
naked portion of face uniform blackish brown in the dried specimens. 


Table of measurements of Pteropus nicobaricus. 


£ b| |e]. 2/2] « 
= toy 8) 5 op roy g a Co 
Locality. hue Sex. S : ie a & So itis 
ers a | g é Fe a | Sie 2 iS) 
S| a . pene Nitey |b Me met GS || 2) || cs 
mo) Bf Sp S18 |) B68 ele ls eee 
rs] 2 Sy Pa rer |e oe miata paca | spel) Gs’ 
Sel TM em Ss EM es EI SS erp ey SE || Be |] Be | = 
= ic) Hi/H|/O|;}/Bl/eHl|n|e |e |e] a] ea = 
| M.| Mm. |Mm.| Mm.) Mm.) Mm.|Mm-| Mm.) Mm.| Mm.| Mm.| Mm.| Mm.) Mm 
Great Nicobar.....- 1111736) Male ...| 260) 1250) 74] 64/13 163} 70) 130} 300) 245) 220) 28} 22) 19 
DW OA se newige cine 1111737|...do ....| 260) 1185) 75) 51/16 155| 68] 115) 295} 230] 210) 25) 20} 18 
DORs So.) ee sae 1111738}...do ....| 247) 1185) 65) 47/16 150} 70} 120} 290) 230) 210) 29) 23) 18 
DO) soeeas cea 1111739}...do ....| 280) 1215) 77} 48/17 160} 67} 120} 300) 246} 220} 25) 19) 18 
Dio) Seceebnoneaes 1111740)...do ....| 260} 1200)....) 5016.6) 156) 72) 120) 310) 240) 220) 30) 25) 19 
WOWrse talevecsceee 2111748)]...do ....| 300)...... 80) 50/18 170} 70} 130} 330) 245) 220) 30) 23) 22 
DO ee Ses seas 1111742) Female .| 250) 1180) 76) 47/15 150) 72} 120} 305) 230) 214] 28) 22) 17 
Tillanchong Island.} 1111731) Male ...| 255 1180) 76) 54/18 150) 69} 120 300) 240) 215) 26) 20) 16 
MOAN eae eee 1111732)...do0 =... 5) 250) 1170) 73) - b2i15 155) 65} 117) 300} 285) 195} 28) 22) 17 
DOSS a5 eee 2G 46| S20 One | PoCUleeeeae 78} 50/15 157| 60} 120) 310) 235) 210) 27) 22) 18 
DO costhieecess 1111729) Female .|....|.....- 75 48/17 150} 70) 115) 295) 228) 207) 27] 22) 16.6 
DOs esessss-eie M1733). --d0)- =< -|| 234|) LLZ0l 72)) oss, 155| 70} 118] 308) 233] 210) 27) 21) 16.6 
DOR Aa ee rcuusse s 1111734|...do ....| 250} 1170] 77] 49/18 157| 70} 120) 300) 237] 215) 28] 20) 16.6 
DOReearaesssens 1111735}...do ....| 240) 1150) 74) 51/17 | 157} 70} 122] 300} 2380] 215) 26) 21) 16 
DOr cease SATS. eOO nea s| so00|emacee 72) 43/20 150} 68} 120) 290} 230) 200) 24) 20) 18 


1 Skin; length and extent from fresh specimen by collector. 2 In alcohol. 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 78 


Or 


PTEROPUS FAUNULUS, new species. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) No. 111730, U.S.N.M. Col- 
lected on Car Nicobar, January 23, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. 
Original number 864. 

Characters.—A member of the subgenus Spectrum as defined by 
Matschie. Size very small (forearm 110 mm.); ears triangular-pointed; 
color tawny, the face and back strongly tinged with hair brown; skull 
and teeth essentially as in Pteropus lepidus' but much smaller. 

Fur.—The fur of the back is silky in texture and closely appressed, 
the individual hairs 10-12 mm. in length. On rump, thighs, and inter- 
femoral region it becomes distinctly woolly in texture, though less so 
than on other parts of the body. It extends on leg to knee, below 
which there is a sparse sprinkling of hairs along inner surface of tibia. 
Fur of shoulders, head, neck, and underside of body loose and woolly 
in texture, therefore appearing much longer than that of back, though 
the length of the individual hairs is everywhere about the same. On 
under surface the fur extends about to knee and elbow. Beyond the 
latter point it is continued as a sparse sprinkling of fine hairs to mid- 
dle of forearm. 

Membranes.—The membranes show few peculiarities worthy of 
note. The uropatagium is reduced to a mere rim, except along legs, 
where it is about 12 mm. in width. Between knee and body it is 
entirely concealed by the fur above, but only partially below. Propata- 
gium naked above, sprinkled with fine hairs below. Wing membranes 
entirely naked above except for an inconspicuous sprinkling of fine 
hairs close to body and along forearm. Below they are scantily furred 
to line joining elbow and knee, also along forearm. 

Fars.—The ears are of moderate size, proportionally about as in 
Pteropus lepidus, P. hypomelanus or P. nicobaricus and smaller than 
in P. meduis from Tenasserim and Lower Siam. In form they are quite 
distinct from those of any of the related species. Anterior border 
nearly straight from base to about middle, then after a faint convexity 
again nearly straight to tip. Extremity very narrowly rounded, less 
than 1 mm. in width. Posterior border nearly straight from tip to 
a little above middle, than abruptly convex for a distance of a few 
millimeters; beyond this, nearly straight to slightly above small but 
distinct antitragal lobe. At tip the anterior and posterior borders 
form an angle of about 80°. The convexity of the posterior border is 
so abrupt as to be almost angular. 

Color.—Back hair brown, considerably darker than Ridgway’s PI. m1, 
fig. 12, everywhere intermixed with ochraceous buff. Anteriorly 
the brown is in excess of the buff, but posteriorly the buff becomes 
more conspicuous until on rump it practically excludes the darker 


' For figure see Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., I, p. 288, August 20, 1900. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01——50 


786 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


color. The entire back is sprinkled with silvery whitish hairs which 
are most conspicuous anteriorly. Mantle, head and entire underparts 
ochraceous buff, brighter than that of back and strongly tinged with 
tawny on chest, sides of neck, and middle of breast and belly. Face, 
cheeks, and chin grizzled hair brown. Ears and membranes blackish. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth show a remarkable likeness 
to those of Pteropus lepidus, though immediately distinguishable by 
their much smaller size. The interorbital region is, however, actually 
broader than in the larger species, and the postorbital processes are 
more robust. Pterygoids distinctly convergent posteriorly, imparting 
to outline of interpterygoid space a distinctly lyrate form. The teeth 
both above and below agree almost exactly with those of Pteropus 
lepidus, except that the cusps are not as high and the crown is rela- 
tively wider between the cusps. 

Measurements. —External measurements of type (from well-made 
skin): Head and body, 170 mm.; tibia, 38; foot, 34 (30); calear, 13.6; 
forearm, 110; thumb, 49 (88); second digit, 82; third digit, 220; 
fourth digit, 168; fifth digit, 153; ear from meatus, 22; ear from 
crown, 19; width of ear, 14. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, 54 (64)'mm.; basal 
length, 48.6 (60); basilar length, 46 (58); median palatal length, 28 
(36); palatal breadth (between anterior molars), 9 (11.4); zygomatic 
breadth, 28 (33.6); least interorbital breadth in front of postorbital 
processes, 7 (8); least interorbital breadth behind postorbital processes, 
7.6 (7); breadth between tips of postorbital processes, 19 (21.6); 
greatest breadth of braincase above, roots of zygomata, 20.2 (22.8); 
greatest depth of braincase, 17.6 (17.8); occipital depth, 11.6 (11.8); 
depth of rostrum at middle of diastema, 7.8 (8); mandible, 40 (50); maxil- 
lary toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 19 (25); mandibular toothrow 
(exclusive of incisors), 22 (27.6); crown of first upper molar, 3.4 by 2.6 
(5.6 by 3); crown of first lower molar, 3.6 by 2 (4.4 by 2.4). 

Specimens examined.—One, the type. 

Remarks.—Pteropus fannulus is a very strongly marked species, 
easily recognized by its small size and pointed ears. The single speci- 
men was shot in dark forest. It was apparently not very common. 
Pteropus nicabaricus, originally described from a Car Nicobar speci- 
men was not found on the island by Dr. Abbott. 


PTEROPUS VAMPYRUS Linnezus. 


1869. [ Pleropus edulis] var. Pachysoma giganteum ZeLEBoR, Reise der 6sterreich- 
ischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., I (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mamm., p. 10 (Car 
Nicobar). 

1878. Pteropus edulis Dosson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 50. 


There appears to be little doubt that a large Pteropus, not P. nico- 
baricus, occurs in the Nicobar Islands, and that the same, or a closely 


1Measurements in parenthesis are those of the type of Pteropus lepidus. 


NO, 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 187 


related form, inhabits the Andamans. Whether this animal is true 
Pteropus vampyrus or not Iam unable to say, »s Dr. Abbott obtained 
no specimens. The fact that Zelebor distinguished it under the name 
Pachysoma giganteum points strongly to the distinctness of the spe- 
cies. That Pachysoma giganteum is not Pteropus faunulus is shown 
by Zelebor’s diagnosis, Gula malis maculaque inter frontem et oculos 
brunneo-nigris, genis, nucha et dorso superiore clare flavescente-castaneis, 
dorso reliquo, pectore et abdomine brunneo-nigris, pilis nonnullis albido 
vel pallide cinerco terminatis, and by the fact that it was referred asa 
variety to the very large Pteropus edulis (=vampyrus). Three flying- 
foxes, therefore, have been taken on Car Nicobar, the large Pteropus 
vampyrus, the medium-sized 2. nicobaricus, and the small P. faunulus. 


Genus CYNOPTERUS F. Cuvier. 
CYNOPTERUS BRACHYSOMA Dobson. 


1871. Cynoplerus brachysoma Doxsson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XL, Pt. 2, p. 260. 
(South Andaman Island.) 


The thick-bodied fruitbat is at present known from the type speci- 
men only, an adult female obtained by Dr. Stoliczka on South Anda- 
man Island? in 1871. This, however, is probably the species referred 
to by Blyth in the appendix to Mouat’s Adventures and Researches 
among the Andaman Islanders’ under Cynopterus marginatus. He 
says: 

The Cynopterus is the only species of bat as yet received from the Andamans; 


but Colonel Tytler writes word that ‘‘there is a great abundance of small bats on the 
island [South Andaman], and I am surprised that you have not received any.”’ 


CYNOPTERUS BRACHYOTIS Miiller. 


1873. Cynopterus marginatus var. andamanensis Dopson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben- 
gal, XLII, Pt. 2, p. 201, September 8, 1873. (Andaman Islands. ) 
1876. Cynopterus brachyotus Dosson, Monagr. Asiat. Chiropt., p. 26. 


It is very probable that the specific name andamanensis will eventu- 
ally stand for this species, as the Cynopterus brachyotis of Miller was 
originally described from Borneo. Beyond the fact that Dobson’s 
type specimen was procured among the Andaman Islands nothing is 
known of the status of this bat as a member of the fauna under con- 
sideration. 


}See Blanford, Fauna of British India, I, p. 265, 1891. 7P. 354, 1863. 


738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


CYNOPTERUS SCHERZERI (Zelebor). 


1861. Pachysoma scherzeri Firrzincer, Sitzungsber. Math.-Naturwissensch. Cl. 
Kais. Akad. Wissensch., Wien, XLII (1860), pp. 385, 390 (nomen 
nudum) . 

1869. [Cynopterus marginatus] var. Pachysoma scherzeri ZELEBOR, Reise der Fre- 
gatte Novara, Zool., I (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mamm., p. 18 (Car Nicobar). 

1876. Cynopterus scherzert Dosson, Monagr. Asiatic Chiroptera, p. 26 (Car Nico- 
bar). 

1888. Cynopterus scherzeri BLANFoRD, Fauna British India, Mamm., p. 264, June, 
1888. (Car Nicobar, Timor?). 


Nothing is known of the habits of this animal except that it is com- 
monly found hanging beneath the leaves of the cocoanut palm. It 
was first recorded by Fitzinger in his nominal list of the mammals col- 
lected by the members of the Vovara Expedition. Dr. Abbott secured 
a single specimen, an adult female, on Car Nicobar, January 25, 1901. 
He saw several others. 

The material at hand is not sufficient to determine the status of 
Cynopterus scherzeri. The animal is much like C. montanoi from 
Singapore, and C. sphinx from the peninsula of India, but the ears 
are smaller, the color is darker (vandyke brown instead of cinnamon), 
and the pale phalanges are less contrasted with the blackish wing 
membranes. Skull apparently smaller and narrower than that of C. 
montanor or C. sphinx. 

Measurements of the Abbott specimen: Head and body, 100 mm. ; tail, 
12.7; expanse of wings, +70; tibia, 25.6; foot, 16 (14); calear, 6.4; forearm, 
67; thumb, 28 (24); second digit, 47 (45); third digit, 122; fourth digit, 
96; fifth digit, 90; ear from meatus, 15.6; ear from crown, 13; width of 
ear,9. Skull: greatest length, 30.6; basal length, 28.4; basilar length, 
26.8; median palatal length, 14; breadth of palate between anterior 
molars, 5.8; zygomatic breadth, 18.6; least interorbital breadth in front 
of postorbital processes, 7.4; breadth of braincase above roots of zygo- 
mata, 12.6; greatest depth of brain case, 11; occipital depth, 7.4; mandi- 
ble, 24; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 10.4; mandibular 
tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 11.4. 


Genus MACACUS Lacépéde. 
MACACUS LEONINUS (Blyth). 
1869. Macacus andamanensis BARTLET, Land and Water, VIII, p. 57, July 24 (Port 
Blair). 
1869. Macacus andamanensis ScuatER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 467. 
1888. Macacus leoninus BLANForRD, Fauna of British India, I, p. 18. 

The Burmese pig-tailed monkey has been introduced among the 
Andaman Islands, according to Dobson. By Bartlet, however, it was 
regarded as indigenous. The former view is probably correct. Dr. 
Abbott did not meet with the animal. 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 789 


MACACUS UMBROSUS, new species. 


1846. Macacus cynomolgus Biytu, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, p. 367. (Nico- 
bar Islands). 

1869. [Inwus cynomolgus] var. a, Cercocebus carbonarius ZELEBOR, Reise der 6ster- 
reichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., I (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mamm., p. 7. 
(Great Nicobar Island. ) 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 111795, U.S.N.M. Col- 
lected on Little Nicobar Island, Nicobars, February 25, 1901, by Dr. 
W. L. Abbott. Original nian? 888. 

Characters.—Similar to the Macacus ‘oynomolgus? of the Malay Pen- 
insula, but much darker and less yellowish in color. General hue of 
upper parts hair-brown, the hairs with faint pale annulations, but with 
no, trace of tawny. 

Color.—Upper parts and outer surface of limbs nearly uniform hair 
brown, with a fainttinge of drab, the latter becoming more pronounced 
on sides. About 3 mm. below the tip of each hair is a dull cream buff 
annulation 3 mm. to 4 mm. in width. These light rings, together with 
the glossy texture of the hairs, give the fur a changing aspect as 
viewed in different lights. They are slightly more numerous on crown, 
nape, buttocks, and posterior surface of thighs than elsewhere. On 
the crown and nape they are very sharply defined, but on buttocks 
and thighs they lose their distinctness, at the same time increasing in 
length. Tail dark drab above, almost black on proximal half, pale 
drab below. Under parts and inner surface of limbs scantily clothed 
with pale drab hairs of very silky texture, those bordering mouth dis- 
tinctly darker than elsewhere. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth so closely resemble those of 
Macacus ** cynomolgus” that I can detect no tangible differences. 

Measurements.—¥or external measurements see table, page 790. 

Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length (exclusive of incisors), 
134 mm.; basal length, 102; basilar length, 96; least palatal length, 
57; palatal breadth (between front molars), 25; zygomatic breadth, 
90; mastoid breadth, 71; greatest breadth of braincase above roots of 
zygomata, 61; least breadth of braincase immediately behind orbits, 
39; orbital breadth, 67; least distance from orbit to alveolus of inner 
incisor, 49; greatest depth of braincase (exclusive of sagittal crest), 
50; mandible, 97; greatest depth of ramus, 19.6; maxillary tooth row 
(exciusive of incisors), 44.6; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of 
incisors), 50; crown of middle upper molar, 8.8 by 9; crown of middle 
lower molar, 8.2 by 7.4. 

Specimens examined.—Kight, from the following islands of the 
Nicobar group: Great Nicobar, 4; Little Nicobar, 2; Katchal, 2 

Remarks.—The series of eight specimens includes individuals of all 
ages from half-grown young to aged adults. Throughout the color is 


790 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


very constant, and no approach is shown to the tawny of J/acacus 
‘*eynomolqus.” 

This monkey was supposed by Zelebor to be the same as Macacus 
carbonarius, an animal from Sumatra, described by F. Cuvier in the 
Histoire Naturelle des Mammiféres.* That such is not the case is 
clearly proved by Cuvier’s description and figure, both of which refer 
to an individual of the tawny ‘cynomolgus’ type. 

Macacus umbrosus has long been known as an inhabitant of the 
Nicobar Islands. It was recorded by Blyth as long ago as 1846. 
Blanford suggested that it might have been introduced,” but the rea- 
sons for this supposition are not given. 


Measurements of eight specimens of Macacus umbrosus. 


Total |Head and Tail. 


Number. Sex. length. body. Foot. 

Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. 
ION} ARCO SIAR SOC OROCE SNES C DORADO Sa So eer mee Male ad... 1, 040 510 530 135 
IDE Re ee Santa aeooes saatesoasoraeeactncace 610) aa00 1,085 505 580 145 
11D E74 as ares eee SE EOC te aes et eres Sete eee A Males ses. 915 470 445 135 
UDOT Se ate oaisc et sas ciate wie sommes sie ona eee misvelate|| ares doris 1, 025 475 550 155 
PIT SOUes. Pesce cnc) meine kee scemcesee st erent Male ad... 1,130 525 605 150 
UU eee i es eee siete ese eas meee ete ate Male ...... 790 360 430 120 
MD ODA) eae eon © conic ecw ween uk abla eS ae Female.... 830 395 435 120 
MOO senate oreo eis crates re oe oie ee ane Oa S EE eee Female ad. 960 460 500 133 


1Type. Weight, 8 kg. 


SUMMARY. 


The mammal fauna of the Andaman and Nicobar islands is now 
known to consist of 35 positively identified species and + others whose 
status is still in doubt.’ Their distribution is shown in the accompany- 
ing tabular summary, in which the letter ‘‘A” indicates material obtained 
by Dr. Abbott, the letter ‘‘R” a previous record. 

On comparing this fauna with that of other islands in the Malay 
region,’ two remarkable features are at once noticeable, the prevalence 
of bats and rats and the absence of practically all of the characteristic 


1Vol. V, Pt. 52. October, 1825. Named in table, Vol. VII, p. 2, 1842. 

“Fauna of British India, I, Mamm., p. 22, 1888. 

’Two animals of known recent introduction are not included. These are the 
domestic goat on Barren Island, Andamans, and the buffalo on Kamorta Island, 
Nicobars. The goats were placed on Barren Island some years ago by the Port Blair 
authorities and at the time of Dr. Abbotts’ visit had increased to several hundred. 
The buffalo on Kamorta are descendants of individuals left by the Danes when they 
abandoned their settlement. They are few in numbers, and Dr. Abbott and Mr. 
Kloss saw only their tracks. A pair of axis deer were placed in a favorable locality 
on one of the Nicobar Islands by Captain Lewis in 1846 (see Blyth, Journ. Asiat. 
Soc. Bengal, XV, p. 368), but it is unlikely that the species became established. 

*See Miller, Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on islands in the South 
China Sea (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., II], pp. 203-246, August 20, 1900), and 
Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the Natuna Islands (Proc. Washington 
Acad. Sci., III, pp. 111-188, March 26, 1901). 


No. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 791 


Malayan types, such as ungulates, squirrels, carnivores, and flying- 
lemurs, which abound on other islands at an equal distance from the 
mainland. This paucity of mammalian life can not be regarded as due 
to unfavorable surroundings, since all the natural conditions on both 
Andamans and Nicobars are perfectly suited to the support of a rich 
and varied fauna. In only one feature do the Andamans and Nicobars 
differ from such islands as Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Natunas, 
Anambas, and Tambelans; they are surrounded by water of relatively 
great depth, while the others lie within the 50 fathom line. Doubt- 
less this greater depth of water indicates separation from the mainland 
during a much longer period of time; and it appears safe to assume, 
therefore, that the Andamans and Nicobars, contrary to the case with 
the shallow-water islands, were isolated at a time when the mammals 
now characteristic of the Malay region did not exist there. As yet no 
species are known whose origin may be referred to the remote period 
of this land connection, but that such exist in the unexplored interior 
of the larger islands, particularly of the Andaman group, is not beyond 
the limit of possibility. Such mammals as are now known are evi- 
dently of very recent origin, as in scarcely an instance has their differ- 
entiation progressed further than in the case of members of the same 
genera found on islands lying in shallow water. The question at once 
arises, therefore, as to the means by which they have arrived where 
they now are. Flight from the mainland would readily account for 
the distribution of the bats; but the presence of the other mammals 
seems impossible to explain otherwise than through the agency of 
man. With the single exception of Zupaia nicobarica,' all are types 
well known to be closely associated with man throughout the Malayan 
region. Moreover, the period of time necessary to the development 
of the peculiarities of the native Andamanese would undoubtedly be 
ample to allow the formation of any of the species known from either 
group of islands, since in a biologic sense it has been vastly longer to 
the smaller, more rapidly breeding animals than to man. The intro- 
duction, intentional or otherwise, of a pig, a monkey, a palmcivet, two 
or three species of rats, a shrew and perhaps also a treeshrew, at about 
the time when the various islands were peopled by their present human 
inhabitants, would amply account for the existence of the present 
mammal fauna with its striking peculiarities. 


‘It is worthy of note that this animal differs more conspicuously from its congeners 
than is the case with any of the other mammals. 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Synopsis of the mammal fauna of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. 


Andaman Islands. Nicobar Islands. 
o 
a 
3 
77) . ro 5 
g Lhe We e g s| z 
$ |) js § = ; | J ‘ 
arr a lela lsisis/2 Sale| eles |glaie 
a & a ic! a [oF ray on 3 Lol 7) iS 2 Q io* 
a a || = Ee l)b| Ss | @ 3 eb ieee tah Wee. le |e 
qa zy ra] SBlaAl|als 2 O}]H aAl@lolsela 
=< bo} 4 ° = rol ° =| iS s EI Lo “7 ca a 
q = y= es = Se Sere ea | tet Al\Als 
aq 4 o ie o o rs r qa ad 2} o + 1 
re & SS el Sy ae A a 4a); aq] a 
5 we) = RO se ee set ce SA} I 1e| || ee! o}|s 3 - 
Se se Sa ee lees) te Cy Se EGG eG eC eer) ie |) 
ay Wes) ) Si [tee nS) ip ee) |e O |BIBIMN IAIN |[AlOIlS 
Dugong dugon ........... 
Sus andamanensis.....-.- 
Susimicobanicus’.+-2-.-.-= 


Mus musculus...........- 
Mus palmarum .........-- 
Mius:DOWEITSL?.2\..)...0026~- 


Mus pulliventer .........- 
Mus atratus ....-. 


Mus burrulus.. 
Mus burrescens. .. ‘ 
Mus alexandrinus......-. 


Tupaia nicobarica surda. . 
Crocidura nicobarica..... 
Crocidura andamanensis. 
Scotophilus temminckii .. 
Tylonycteris pachypus ... 
Pipistrellus tickelli.....-. 


Pipistrellus camorte ..... 
Miniopterus pusillus. ..... 
Rhinolophus andamanen- 

SIS)2 = ais sess asinis steccisiss wis 
Hipposideros nicobaricus. 
Hipposideros nicobarulee . 
Hipposideros murinus? -. 
Pteropus nicobaricus..... 
Pteropus faunulus. . 
Pteropus vampyrus ....-. 
Cynopterus brachyotis ... 
Cynopterus brachysoma. . 
Cynopterus scherzeri. . .-. 
Macacus leoninus ......-. 
Macacus umbrosus .....-- 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


The following articles have been examined during the preparation 
of this paper. Though probably incomplete, the list is supposed to 
contain references to all the more important literature relative to the 
mammals of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. 


ALEXANDER, J. E. Notice regarding the Little Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal. 
Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 11 (October, 1826—April, 1827), pp. 438-48, 


pl. 1, 1827. 


An account of the landing of a party from the East India Company’s transport Earl Kelly 


in search of water. 


Skulls of the Andaman pig mentioned (p. 46) and roughly figured (pl.1). 


NO. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 793 


ANpERSON, JonN. Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Museum. Calcutta, 1881. 


The following mammals recorded from the Andamans and Nicobars: 
Macacus carbonarius (Nicobars). 
Pteropus nicobaricus (both groups). 
Cynopterus marginatus (Andamans). 
Cynopterus scherzeri (Nicobars). 
Cynopterus brachysoma (Andamans). 
Rhinolophus andamanensis (Andamans). 
Phyllorhina (=Hipposideros) nicobarensis (Nicobars) . 
Phyllorhina (=Hipposideros) bicolor (Nicobars) . 
Vesperugo (= Tylonycteris) pachypus (Andamans). 
Vesperugo (= Pipistrellus) tickelli (Andamans). 
Vesperugo (=Pipistrellus) abramus (Nicobars). 
Miniopterus pusillus (both groups) . 
Tupaia nicobarica (Nicobars). 


Bartierr, A. D. Andaman monkey (Macacus andamanensis). Land and Water, 
VIII, July 24, 1869, p. 57. 


The description is based on an adult female Macacus leoninus procured at Port Blair, South 
Andaman Island. 


Bianrorp, W. T. A monograph of the genus Paradoxurus. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- 
don, 1885, pp. 780-808. 
The Andaman Paradozurus tytlerii regarded as identical with P. grayi (pp. 803, 805). 


Buanrorp, W. T. Fauna of British India, I, Mammalia. 1888 (pp. 1-250) and 1891 
(pp. 251-617). 


The following species are stated to occur on the Andaman and Nicobar islands: 
Macacus leoninus (Andamans, probably introduced). 
Macacus cynomolgus (Nicobars). 

Felis chaus? (Andamans). 
Paradoxurus grayi (Andamans). 
Tupaia nicobarica (Nicobars). 
Pteropus nicobaricus (both groups). 
Pteropus edulis (both groups). 
Cynopterus scherzeri (Nicobars). 
Cynopterus brachyotis (Andamans). 
Cynopterus brachysoma (Andamans). 
Hipposideros nicobarensis (Nicobars). 
Rhinolophus andamanensis (Andamans). 
Miniopterus pusillus (both groups). 
Pipistrellus tickelli (Andamans). 

Mus rattus (Nicobars). 

Mus bowersi (Andamans). 

Mus musculus (Andamans). 

Sus andamanensis (Andamans). 


BiytnH, Epwarp. Notes on the fauna of the Nicobar Islands. Journ. Asiat. Soc. 
Bengal, XV, 1846, pp. 367-379. 


Contains brief notes on four mammals, Macacus cynomolgus(=umbrosus), Pteropus edulis 
(=nicobaricus), Cynopterus marginatus, and Hipposideros murinus, specimens of which were 
procured by Mr. Barbe and Captain Lewis, and also mention of the Nicobar pig, a second 
species of monkey, and a large squirrel, none of which were taken. It is also remarked (foot 
note, p. 368), that Captain Lewis turned out a pair of Cervus axis in a locality where he 
believed they would propagate. 


Biyrn, Epwarp. Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for May, 1858. Journ. 
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XX VII, 1858, pp. 267-290. 


Contains an account of the specimens procured by a native collector in the employ of the 
Asiatic Society, who accompanied Dr. G. von Liebig during a visit to the penal settlement at 
Port Blair. The pig, here for the first time described as Sus andamanensis, is the only mam- 
mal recorded. 


794 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Biytu, Epwarp. Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for February to May 
meetings, 1859. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XXVIII, 1859, pp. 271-298. 


Bats occur on South Andaman Island, and also a rat, not of recent introduction, but none 
have been identified. A mouse, apparently the house mouse of India, has been taken from 
the stomach of a snake (Trigonocephalus) killed at Port Blair. Bones of Halicore indicus 
(= Dugong dugon) found in native hut. 


BuiytH, Epwarp. Report of Curator, Zoological Department. Journ. Asiat. Soc. 
Bengal, X XIX, 1860, pp. 87-115. 


Two collections of ‘‘sundries’’ from Captain Hodge, Port Blair, have increased the known 
mammal fauna of the Andamans to five species: Paradoxurus musanga (=tytlerii), Mus anda- 
manensis (here first described), Mus manei, and Halicore indicus (pp. 102-104). 


BiytH, Epwarp. The Zoology of the Andaman Islands. Mouat’s Adventures and 
Researches among the Andaman Islanders, 1863, appendix, pp. 345-367. 


The first attempt to give a complete enumeration of the mammals of both Andamans and 
Nicobars. The following species mentioned: 
Macacus cynomolgus (Nicobars). 
Semnopithecus sp. (The large monkey seen, but not taken, by Captain Lewis.) 
Pteropus nicobaricus (Nicobars; no flying fox on the Andamans). 
Cynopterus marginatus (both groups). 
Felis chaus? (Andamans). 
Paradoxurus musanga (Andamans). 
Mus andamanensis (Andamans). 
Mus manei (Andamans). 
Sus andamanensts (Andamans and apparently Nicobars also). 


Dosson, G. E. Description of four new species of Malayan Bats. Journ. Asiat. Soc. 
Bengal, XL, Pt. 2, pp. 260-267. September 25, 1871. 


Contains original descriptions of Cynopterus brachysoma from the Andamans and Phyllorhina 
(=Hipposideros) nicobarensis from the Nicobars. 


Doxgson, G. E. Brief descriptions of five new species of Rhinolophine Bats. Journ. 
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XLI, Pt. 2, pp. 336-338. December 22, 1872. 


Contains original description of Rhinolophus andamanensis. 


Dorgson, G. E. On the Pteropidse of India and its islands, with descriptions of new 
or little-known species. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XLII, Pt. 2, pp. 194-205. 
September 8, 1873. 


Mentions the following species from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 
Pteropus nicobaricus (both groups). 

Cynopterus marginatus var. andamanensis (Andamans). 

Cynopterus scherzeri (Nicobars). 

Cynopterus brachysoma (Andamans). 


Doxsson, G. E. Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera. 1876. Mentions the following 
species from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 


Pteropus nicobaricus (both groups). 

Cynopterus marginatus (Andamans).! 
Cynopterus brachyotis (Andamans). 

Cynopterus scherzeri (Nicobars). 

Cynopterus brachysoma (Andamans). 
Rhinolophus andamanensis (Andamans). 
Phyllorhina (= Hipposideros) nicobarensis (Nicobars). 
Phyllorhina (= Hipposideros) bicolor (Nicobars). 
Miniopterus pusillus (Nicobars). 

Vesperugo tickelli (Andamans). 

Vesperugo pachypus (Andamans). 

Vesperugo abramus (Nicobars). 


‘Dobson regarded these as varieties of one species. It is not clear whether he 
intended to record both from the Andamans. 


No. 1269. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR MAMMALS—MILLER. 795 


Dosson, G. E. Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. 
1878. 


In this work essentially the same bats are mentioned as occurring in the Andamans and 
Nicobars as are recorded in the Monograph of Asiatic Chiroptera. Pteropus edulis (=vampyrus) 
is added and several of the species mentioned in the Monograph are not positively stated to 
inhabit the islands. 


Firzincer, L. J. Die Ausbeute der dsterreichischen Naturforscher an Siiugethieren 
und Reptilien wihrend der Weltumsegelung Sr. Majestiit Fregatte Novara. Sitz- 
ungsber. der Math.-Naturwissensch. Classe der kais. Acad. der Wissensch., Wien, 
XLII (1860), pp. 383-416. 1861. 


A nominal list of the mammals and reptiles collected during the yoyage of the Novara. 
The following mammals are from the Nicobars: 
Cercocebus (=Macacus) carbonarius. 
Pteropus nicobaricus. 
Pachysoma (= Cynopterus) gigantewm. 
Pachysoma (= Cynopterus) scherzeri. 
Vesperugo (= Pipistrellus) nicobaricus. 
Cladobates (= Tupaia) nicobaricus. 
Mus novare. 
Mus palmarum. 
Of these all but Pachysoma giganteum, Vesperugo nicobaricus, and Mus novare were after- 
wards described by Zelebor. 


Gray, JoHN Epwarp. Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate 
Mammalia in the British Museum. 1869. 


Sus andamanensis, pp. 336-337. 


Gray, JOHN Epwarp. MHand-list of the Edentate, Thick-skinned and Ruminant 
Mammals in the British Museum. 1873. 


Sus andamanensis, p. 64. 


Hume, AttAN O. Contributions to the Ornithology of India. The Islands of the 
Bay of Bengal. Stray Feathers, 11, 1874, pp. 29-324. 


Contains an account of a Pteropus, said to be P. nicobaricus, observed in large numbers on 
Little Jolly Boy, Andaman Islands. 


Sciater, P. L. [Notice of a live monkey from Port Blair, Andaman Islands. ] 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, pp. 467-468. 


The live specimen from Port Blair which had been described by Bartlet as Macacus 
andamanensis. 


TyTLEeR, Coronet. Description of a new species of Paradoxurus from the Andaman 
Islands. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XX XIII, 1864, p. 188. 


Paradoxurus tytlerii. 


ZELEBOR, JOHANN. Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den 
Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zool., I (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mammalia. 


The following species are recorded from the Nicobar Islands. 
Cercocebus (= Macacus) carbonarius. 
Pachysoma (= Cynopterus) gigantewm. 
Pteropus edulis. 
Pteropus nicobaricus. 
Pachysoma (=Cynopterus) scherzeri. 
Vesperugo (= Pipistrellus) tenuis. 
Cladobates (= Tupia) nicobaricus. 
Mus palmarum. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XLI 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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HENICOPS DOLICHOPUS, A NEW CHILOPOD FROM 
BRACE. 


By Rate V. CHAMBERLIN, 
Of the Latter-Day Saints’ College, Salt Lake City. 


In a paper on the Lithobiide of Salt Lake County, published a 
short time ago in these Proceedings,' the author noted the occurrence 
in Utah of /lenicops fulvicornis Meinert, the only form of Henicops 
heretofore reported from North America, although a different species 
(Lenicops chilensis Gervais) is known from Chile in South America. 
The specimens which were at that time, after a partial examination, 
referred to the species fulvicornis have since been restudied, together 
with more extensive and better material collected during the summer 
of 1901 from various places in the Wahsatch Mountains, and have been 
found to consist of two distinct species, of which the more abundant is 
new to science. SZenicops fulvicornis, indeed, is represented in these 
collections by only a few specimens taken at the mouth of Mil Creek 
Canyon, whereas more than 75 of the new form have been examined. 
All of the individuals studied, strangely enough, are females; and it 
may be said that so also Meinert, Latzel, and other European natural- 
ists have failed to find a male of Henicops in Europe. The remarks 
as to habitat, made in the paper mentioned, apply in the main to the 
new species, an account of which is herewith given. 


HENICOPS DOLICHOPUS, new species. 


The more essential differences between the two North American 
species of Henicops now known may be tabulated as follows: 


A. Posterior angles of all the dorsal plates straight or rounded. 
a. Antennze short, articles 24-29 (mostly 25); anal legs short; length of body 
7-ll mm. /fulvicornis Meinert. 
B. Posterior angles of the 9th, 11th, and 13th dorsal plates strongly produced. 
a. Antenne long, articles 39-40; anal legs very long; length of body 11.4-12.6 
mm. dolichopus, new species. 


"Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, XXIV, pp. 21-25 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXIV—No. 1270. 
797 


798 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


If Stuxberg’s subgeneric divisions of Lithobius are based upon ten- 
able characters, then the major differences indicated above ought by 
analogy to rank these two species of Henicops in different subgenera. 

Description.—Body increasing in width from the head backward to 
the region of the tenth dorsal plate and then again becoming narrower, 
moderate. The cephalic plate sparsely hirsute with long and short 
bristles, the first dorsal plates hirsute subsimilarly to cephalic plate, 
the last few dorsal plates more sparsely provided with hair, the pos- 
terior median scuta subglabrous. The ventrum sparsely hirsute with 
long bristles, more densely posteriorly. Color yellow to brown, the 
first and the last dorsal plates usually darker, often reddish brown; 
head frequently very dark, its anterior and lateral portions reddish or 
chestnut, at times verging to black, middle and posterior portions 
paler; ventral plates smoky yellow; legs mostly yellow, brown or some- 
what reddish brown toward extremities, the posterior pairs. darkest; 
antenne yellow to brown, reddish brown or chestnut at base. The 
ground color in all parts subject to modification by a more or less 
strong violet or lavender tint apparently from deeper tissue, this being 
particularly strong in the head and in the anterior and the posterior 
dorsal plates. 

Head a little wider than long (ratio 12:11 or less); posterior margin 
truncate, as is also the narrower anterior margin, the sides convexly 
rounded; elevate except lateral borders, which are more or less 
depressed, flat, or concavic above. Antenne long, densely subpilose; 
articles 39 or 40, when 40 the ultimate articles proportionately shorter; 
articles short or very short, excepting the large second, and the more 
or less cylindrical, distally rounded ultimate article, the first three (or 
four) articles greatest in diameter, the fourth abruptly smaller, and 
the ten following subequal to it, very short, the fifteenth again 
abruptly smaller, those succeeding it gradually decreasing in diameter 
to the end, longer and more freely joined than those preceding. On 
each side of the head a round, moderately large ocellus at the bottom 
of a depression on the frontal suture. Prosternal teeth 3-38, small 
and pale, on each side the two innermost proximate and often elevated 
together,:the outermost being separated by a wider and deeper inter- 
val and the prosternal margin beneath it less produced. 

The posterior angles of the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth dorsal 
plates strongly produced. Dorsal plates convexly arched; each of the 
larger scuta with five, more or less evident longitudinal sulci, two 
lateral, parallel one with each side, one median, and two intermediate 
diverging from each other posteriorly; the two lateral sulci continuous, 
with a transverse depression or furrow (sometimes double) running 
parallel with and a little anterior to the posterior margin, correspond- 
ing lines often traceable on the head. Ventral plates with one or with 
two wide and shallow transverse depressions. 


wo.1270. = 4 NEW CHILOPOD FROM UTAH—CHAMBERLIN. 799 


Legs hirsute, with long straight bristles; anal pair very long, slen- 
der, not at all crassate (female); all feet provided each with three 
claws, the middle one long and slender. 

Coxal pores in one series, round and large; arranged in a rather 
deep furrow or excavation on the posterior side of the coxa, so that 
they are mostly invisible in the supine position of the animal; 3, 3, 
3, 3-4, 5, 5,4. Genital forceps of the female with the claw long, 
pointed, and incurved, without any trace of lateral lobes; basal spines 
2-9 or 2-3, stout, conical, the inner spines smallest, in most bent out- 
ward above. 

Length of body, 11.4-12.6 mm.; width, 1.5-1.7 mm.; length of 
antenne, 5.6-6 mm.; of anal legs, 6-6.5 mm. 

Juvenis‘'—Ground color light brown to yellow, but this mostly 
hidden by the violet from beneath, the head appearing purple, often 
very dark; ventral plates likewise violet or lavender, the color becom- 
ing deeper posteriorly; antenne light brown or yellow. 

Articles of antenne 31-36. Prosternal teeth 3-3. Coxal pores 
moderately large, the groove in which situated more shallow than in 
mature form, 2, 2, 2, 2-3, 3, 3, 3. Genital forceps short; claw short 
and pale; basal spines 2—2, short conical points. 

Length of body, 8-8.4 mm.; width, 1.2 mm.; length of antenne, 
4.6 mm.; of anal legs, 4-4.2 mm. 

. Immaturus.—Color yellowish brown, the head darker; legs and 
antennz smoky white. 

In the one specimen of this form obtained the 40 articles of the 
antenne are already present, very short, the individual being doubt- 
less exceptional. Prosternal teeth not yet evident. Ocelli distinct, 
considerably larger than in pullus. External genital appendages not 
yet formed, but visible as incipient buds. Coxal pores 2, 2, 2, 2, 
porigerous surface scarcely depressed. 

Length of body, 5.5 mm.; width, .65 mm.; length of antenne, 2.5 
mm.; of anal legs, 1 mm. 

Pullus.—The pulli obtained are of the stage possessing 12 pairs of 
developed legs, with the remaining pairs appearing as buds. Dorsal 
plates 12. 

Color yellow; antennze and legs white. Articles of the antennez 
25-32. Ocelli small, colorless. Coxal pores 1, 1, 1, 1, very small. 

Length of body 3-4+.6 mm.; length of antennze 2.1—2.5 mm. 

Type.—U.S.N.M., No. 787. 

Habitat.—Wahsatch Mountains at elevations from 6,000 to 10,000 
feet above sea level. Under wood and stones along streams, about 
springs, and near melting snow, but also not uncommon under the 
fallen logs of the pine and quaking aspen forests away from running 


'The terms indicating immature stages of growth are here used as by Latzel. See 
Die Myriapoden der Ost.-Ung. Monarchie, Pt. 1, pp. 87, 38, 


800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


water. Specimens were obtained at many points between Farmington 
Canyon, Davis County, and Spanish Fork Canyon, Utah County, south 
of which place none was found. 

The author also has in his collection a number of specimens of /enz- 
cops taken by his brother, Prof. W. H. Chamberlin, at the head of 
Chalk Creek, in the Uintah Mountains, which prove to belong to the 
same species as those from the Wahsatch. It is, consequently, very 
probable that the range of this species is carried eastward by the 
Uintahs into the Rockies. 


A REVIEW OF THE LARKS OF THE GENUS OTOCORIS. 


By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, 
Assistant Ornithologist, Department of Agriculture. 


Among all the many and various groups of birds which have in 
recent years of ornithological activity become noted as conspicuous 
exponents of extreme geographical variation, none is more prominent 
than that comprising the horned larks. Possessed of an extremely 
plastic organization, and subjected to comparatively stationary condi- 
tions, these birds have responded to environment and other influential 
circumstances to a degree that has invested them with peculiar interest 
and instructiveness for the philosophical student, and at the same time 
has rendered their classification and identification a source of despair 
to the systematist. But the manner and degree of variation must be 
properly set forth before the full significance of these facts can be 
appreciated, and this should be the ultimate aim of systematic research 
—not, as seems only too often to be so considered, the mere facilitation 
of the determination of specimens in the cabinet. 

With the few exceptions of cases in which the forms appear to be 
trenchantly defined, all of the horned larks, both Old World and 
American, grade insensibly into some other, often into several, so that 
with all the connecting links represented it frequently becomes a mat- 
ter of considerable difficulty satisfactorily to segregate the forms 
represented by such series. If, however, it be remembered what an 
adaptability to both climate and physiographical conditions these birds 
possess, the fact of their great geographical variation seems hardly so 
surprising. They are found from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to 
the heart of the Tropics; from the level of the sea to the summits of 
lofty mountains, and from regions of excessive rainfall to the most 
arid deserts. They are preeminently birds of the open country, rarely, 
if ever, venturing into the depths of the forests, for the grassy savan- 
nas, cultivated fields, country roadsides, the bare or brushy deserts, 
and the stony mountain slopes are habitats much more to their taste. 
The largely graminivorous nature of their food has undoubtedly much 
to do with their being so nearly resident, a condition that seems to 
exist quite generally throughout the genus. The northern forms, 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSeuM, VOL. XXiV—No. 1271. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 Sil 801 


802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


however, are, at least to a considerable degree, migratory, but among 
many of the others, while there exists a greater or less individual 
inclination to wander during the winter, there is no regular nor well- 
defined movement. 

Altitude, unaccompanied by other influences, appears to have little 
or no potency as a modifying agency, for the present material shows 
that, notwithstanding some statements to the contrary, there is no 
appreciable difference either in size or color between mountain birds 
and those from adjacent lowlands. Neither are the boundaries of the 
currently accepted faunal areas, except in very restricted application, 
of any value incircumscribing the ranges of the horned larks. In fact 
these birds, in many details of geographical distribution, seem to be 
quite anomalous. Why, for instance, is the form inhabiting the San 
Joaquin Valley, California, not the same as the one in the Sacramento 
Valley, as the similar conditions of climate and topography would lead 
us to expect ¢ 

Quite interesting, however, is a comparison of the distribution of 
the American horned larks with that of the song sparrows, a group 
of approximately equal dispersion and similar plasticity. There are of 
sach of these groups twenty-one recognizable races in Mexico and North 
America.’ Of these, four song sparrows and five horned larks are, 
during the breeding season, largely or entirely confined to Mexico; 
twelve of each are similarly peculiar to the United States; while five 
song sparrows and four horned larks are wholly or mainly British 
American and Alaskan.” It should be borne in mind that in Mexico 
and the United States the song sparrows are not quite so widely dispersed 
as the horned larks; that in British America and Alaska the horned larks 
appear to be entirely absent from the area in which the greatest differ- 
entiation occurs among the northern song sparrows—the Pacific coast 
south of Bering Sea. Although corresponding thus fairly well in gen- 
eral distribution, there is of course considerable divergence in minor 
details. Particularly in the arid regions there seems to be a marked 
tendency among the horned larks toward strong differentiation within 
very limited geographical areas, so that the degree of difference is no 
criterion at all for extent of range. 

One peculiarity of widely dispersed types, the reduplication of forms 
in far separated localities, seems to be carried to the extreme among 
the horned larks—the American forms at least. The original case was 
mentioned by Dr. Dwight,* but the present investigation has revealed 
at least five others in which the resultant bird is more like some dis- 
tant race than any of those whose range is contiguous or nearest. 


'TIn this estimate no account is taken of Melospiza ec. juddi, as it is not a tenable 
subspecies. . 

? Since the above was written two additional races of song sparrows have been 
described, both from the Pacific coast of the United States. 

3Auk, VII, April, 1890, pp. 139, 144. 


No. 1271. te epee OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 8038 


These cases are severe rallee tre sated tinder their proper he: dines. That 
such a condition is brought about by the simple intergradation of two 
or more forms appears to be sometimes undoubtedly so; but this does 
not in every instance furnish a solution, and parallel evolution under 
peculiar environmental conditions presents a more tenable hypothesis. 

From this feature of the group it may readily be surmised that the 
identification of specimens without regard to geography is, to say the 
least, liable to be difficult. Among the song sparrows the characters 
of the various races, though sometimes slight, are quite uniform and 
constant; but in the horned larks the problem is often exceedingly 
complicated by reason of sexual, seasonal, and local differences, together 
with excessive individual variation. Various more or less perfect 
intermediates are very perplexing, and no means of determination can 
possibly be of value except the actual comparison of specimens, coupled 
with an accurate knowledge of the relative value of the proper differ- 
ential characters. Satisfactorily to present such information in printed 
diagnoses is manifestly out of the question, for characters that will 
serve to identify even typical examples of some of the more closely 
allied forms are frequently almost impossible to express intelligibly 
on paper. Generally speaking, the females of the various races are 
distinguished from each other by characters quite similar to those of 
the males, when due allowance has been made for sexual differences, 
so that one diagnosis will answer for both. Except in cases of very 
sharply defined forms the young birds in first plumage are not certainly 
distinguishable, owing to the great range of individual variation. 

As Dr. Dwight has already stated,! the horned larks molt but once 
ayear. This takes place usually about August, and thereafter, until 
into the winter, the birds continue in the blended plumage thus 
assumed, the upper surface more or less uniform, the yellow bright 
and deep, the black areas obscured by paler, and the breast often much 
streaked with dusky. Through the wearing away of the tips to the 
feathers the whole aspect of the bird becomes changed by spring or 
summer—the back becomes darker, the colors of the upper parts more 
sharply contrasted, the yellow fades perceptibly, the black areas 
become unclouded, and the breast loses its streaking. 

Although the aggregate amount of material (2,150 specimens) 
reviewed in the course of the present investigation has been but 
shghtly greater than that at Dr. Dwight’s disposal when he treated 
the North American forms, yet a great deal of that now available 
consists of breeding specimens not examined by him, and has of 
course been indispensable to the proper understanding of the various 
races now recognized. Unfortunately, only a comparatively small 
number of Old World birds has been ex SLE pees ali but four 


1 Auk, VII, April, 1390, p- 139. 


S04 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


forms are represented, and there are undoubtedly several additional 
races in Asia yet to be elucidated, to which may apply some of the 
names here, through lack of material, relegated to synonymy. 

As in many other groups, there are cases in the horned larks where 
the type specimen of a described form does not represent the extreme 
development, and in fact is even an intermediate. Our treatment of 
all such cases is to refer the type to the form it most closely approaches, 
specimens from the region in which is shown the greatest degree of 
difference being arbitrarily considered as typical in such comparisons. 
Although the horned larks permit of almost infinite division, and the 
number of American races here admitted might easily be doubled, it 
has not been deemed advisable formally to separate any that do not 
present characters at least as good as those of forms heretofore 
current. 

In the systematic treatment which follows there are recognized alto- 
gether 36 forms of Oftocor/s, of which all but 6 have subspecific rank, 
while 2 of the 6 may ultimately have to be reduced to this position. 
Of the total number 22 are from the American continent, the remain- 
ing 14 belonging to the Old World. They are here placed in what 
seems to be their natural relationship, but it is manifest that in a group 
like the horned larks, in which a form may be equally related to sev- 
eral others, any entirely satisfactory linear sequence is entirely out of 
the question. Equally difficult is the preparation of a satisfactory key, 
and although the one here presented has been prepared with care, it 1s 
confessedly but little more than a tabular exposition of the more salient 
characters. On the accompanying maps the lines have been drawn to 
indicate as closely as possible the distribution of the various forms, 
but in many cases where the exact limits of range are unknown the 
probable extent is of course subject to revision. 

The more important of the recent articles on the genus Ofocoris are 
as follows: 

Finscu, Otocoris, Abhandl. Nat. Ver. zu Bremen, 1870, pp. 341-352. 

Dresser, Genus Otocorys, in Birds of Europe, LV, 1874, pp. 385-402. 

Dusotis, Remarques sur les Alouettes du Genre Otocorys, Bulletin du Musée Royal 
d’ Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, III, 1884, pp. 223-250. 

Hensuaw, The Shore Larks of the United States and Adjacent Territory, Auk, I, 
July, 1884, pp. 254-268. 

Ripaway, Genus Olocoris Bonaparte, in Manual of North American Birds, Ist ed., 
1887, pp. 347-349, pl. xcv1, fig. 2. 

Dwiaut, The Horned Larks of North America, Auk, VII, April, 1890, pp. 138-158, 
map. 

SHARPE, Otocorys, in Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, XIII, 1890, pp. 
528-550; 670-671. 

Ripaway, Genus Olocoris Bonaparte, in Manual of North American Birds, 2d ed., 
1896, pp. 347-349; 599, pl. xcv1, fig. 2. 

The results embodied in the present revision have been based _pri- 
marily on the collection of the U. S. National Museum, including that 


No, 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 805 


of the Biological Survey, and to the authorities having these in charge 
the writer would express his obligations. He is furthermore indebted 
to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural History and 
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, who, through 
Dr. J. A. Allen and Mr. Witmer Stone, respectively, have made 
possible the examination of much valuable material. Mr. Robert 
Ridgway and Dr. Charles W. Richmond have been particularly cour- 
teous and helpful throughout the entire time covered by this paper’s 
preparation; while the following other gentlemen the writer wishes to 
thank for their kindness in loaning specimens: Mr. William Brewster, 
Dr. Louis B. Bishop, and Dr. Jonathan Dwight. jr. 


Genus OTOCORIS Bonaparte. 


Eremophila Bots, Isis, 1828, p. 322 (not Lremophilus Humboldt, 1811). 

Phileremos Bream, Handb. Vog. Deutschl., 1831, p. 312 (not Phileremus Latreille, 
1809). 

Brachonyx Lesson, Compl. de Buffon, VIII, 1837, p. 126 (part,’ not of Schénhen, 
1826). 

Otocoris BONAPARTE, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, II, 1838, p. 407 (type, Alauda 
cornuta Wilson = Otocoris alpestris (Linnzeus ). 

Philammus Gray, List Genera Birds, 1840, p. 47. 

Otocornis Ripre.i, Syst. Uebers. Vog. Nord-Ost-Afr., 1845, p. 78. 

Otocorys CAaBaANts, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, p. 121. 

Otocoryx LicHTENSTEIN, Nomencl. Ay. Mus. Berol., 1854, p. 38. 


Chars. gen.—Bill short, stout, somewhat conoid, shorter than middle 
toe with claw; nostrils circular, completely covered by dense tufts of 
antrorse feathers; primaries apparently but nine, there being no visible 
spurious tenth (outer) primary; inner secondaries somewhat lengthened; 
tail moderate, nearly square; head not crested but furnished on each 
side with a curious, narrow, elongated feather tuft, analogous to those 
of some owls; feet typically alaudine; coloration mixed brown, rufous, 
cinnamon, pinkish, yellow, white, and black the jugulum always black. 

Geographical range.—Nearly all of North America and Mexico; 
United States of Colombia (Bogota); almost the whole of Europe and 
Asia; northern Africa; Caffraria. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF OTOCORIS, BASED ON ADULT MALES 
IN BREEDING PLUMAGE. 


fechium. sad upper throatiblack =... 2 23222. Jeea2 eae nee oe Se berlepschi (p. 879). 
II. Chin and upper throat not black. 
1. Black of jugulum not separated from that of ear-coverts. 
Ae wincavyeracing under [lo amim-<. = 35522 45. 5.ohek sto. 2- 2 bicornis (p. 878). 
B. Wing averaging over 115 mm. 
a. Upper parts more grayish. 


Geel ohten above sone ce oe ee eet eae occas penicillata (p. 874). 
me DAT ETS ADO VERE ee et es ne ma rt ce SAN ey baleanica (p. 876). 


‘ Lesson’s genus included both Brachonyx of Swainson and Phileremos Brehm, as is 
shown by his synonymy and the species he treats. 


S06 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 


a’. Upper parts more ochraceous. 


>: Palermore ochraceous!aboviel sass. ee eens eee eee diluta (p. 
b/) Danker: more brownish above ssa ene oreodrama (p. 


2. Black of jugulum separated from black ear-coverts 
by a white or yellow interspace. 
A. Throat always white. 
a. Wing averaging over 115 mm. 


6: Wing averaging tinder 120 mame eee Ae ee eee ee elwwesi (p. 
bY. Wing averaging over 120 mm. 
c. Back darker, sharply contrasted with nape- ------- longirostris (p. 
c’. Back paler, not sharply contrasted with nape. 
d. Upper surface darker, more rufescent -........----- perissa (p. 
d’/. Upper surface paler, more buffy ..-.--.-----.------ argalea (p. 
wd. Wing averaging under 115 mm. 
b. Back heavily streaked with dark brown -.----.------- arclicola (p. 
b’. Back not heavily streaked with dark brown. 
c. More ochraceous above; wing over 105 mm ----------sibirica (p. 
c’. More rufescent above; wing under 105 mm -.--.----- bilopha (p. 


B. Throat usually yellow or yellowish. 
a. Wing averaging over 109mm. 


6. Back paler: horns lonesa2- ee sess ee See ae ee atlas (p. 
}’. Back darker; horns of moderate length. 
c. Eyebrow white; throat pale yellow --..-...--=..--.---- hoylti (p. 
c’. Eyebrow yellow; throat rich yellow-.......-------- alpestris (p. 


a. Wing averaging under 109 mm. 
6. Wing averaging under 100 min. 
c. Nape not decidedly rufescent. 


Ga Backs dam kaomanygs lan Oly mines ae ee giraudi (p. 
ad. Back darkochraceous prowl. 424252 ee eee seee diaphora (p. 


c’, Nape decidedly rufescent. 


d. Back not sharply contrasted with nape. 


é. warren: nape more ced digi == a== sas eee rubea (p. 
e’. Smaller; nape more vinaceous. -------.---------- OAXACR Pp. 


dU. Back sharply contrasted with nape. 
e. Back brownish. 


f. Paler, nape more cinnamomeous ..---.----- cmmophila (p. 

ij Darker: nape moreayimaceousies ss =ee asses actia (p. 
e’. Back blackish. 

7. Wingaveraging under 95 mme=s- ses eese ses peregrina (p. 


J’. Wing averaging over 95 mm. 
g. Nape darker; no yellow below 


black jugularicrescent S22 S222 see ae imsularis (p. 


g’. Nape lighter; yellow extending 


below black jugular crescent.---.-.--------strigata (p. 


b’. Wing averaging over 100 mm. 
c. Back little if any darker than nape, slightly or not 
at all streaked with blackish or dark brown. 


Gea Wann czo vera (05 anne ee ee occidentalis (p. 


dad’. Wing under 105 mm. 
e. Nape and occiput more pinkish. 


jis Why ayorei fopwars! mmol \jonMere = oe soe doosesces leucansiptila (p. 
jf’. Upper parts much darker .-.-... - aes GaN 5 08 aphrasla (p. 


e’. Nape and occiput more cinnamomeous. 


ja back med dishtcinmamno lies e= =e ae adusta (p. 


XXIV. 


869). 
871). 


816). 


866). 


812). 
807). 


831). 
807). 


851). 
854). 


849). 
845). 


841). 


864). 
860). 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. SO7 


ce’. Back decidedly darker than nape, conspicuously 
streaked with blackish or dark brown. 
d. Upper parts paler. 


CaeNilOKerorayWiSh WDONe mae ser Se sons ac Sees se enthymia (p. 817). 
2 MOre OChraccOus:dhOVEe:------2----5-222- 5-2-5 leucolema (p. 820). 
d’/, Upper parts darker. 
EP WineraveraninolovershQb min 6 ys ore yess es 3 flava (p. 810). 
e’. Wing averaging under 105 mim. 
(pe NaDe CINMAMOMeCOUSss= = 2255 = aoe seas animoplila (p. 849). 
J’. Nape pinkish. 
Gee bACk money lackishes- see 5-25 ate ae eee merrill (p. 833). 
g’. Back more brownish. 
h. Nape paler; eyebrow white ....-...--...- praticola (p. 825). 
h’. Nape darker; eyebrow yellowish---.-. -chrysoleama (p. 842). 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS ALPESTRIS (Linnzus). 


Alauda alpestris LINN ©us, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 166. 

Otocoris alpestris BONAPARTE, Iconogr. Faun. Ital. Uce., 1841, p. 4. 

Alauda cornula Witson, Amer. Orn., I, 1808, p. 87. 

Otocorys alpestris HensHaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 257 (part). 

Otocoris alpestris Dwiaut, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 141 (part).—Ripeway, Man. 
N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 348 (part). 


Chars. sp.—Size large; colors above dark; throat and eyebrow deep 
yellow. 

Measurements (15 males).—Wing, 108-113 (average, 111.5) mm.; 
tail, 66.5-75 (average, 71.8) mm.; exposed culmen, 11-13 (average, 12.2) 
mm.; tarsus, 22-25 (average, 24) mm.; middle toe, 13-14 (average, 
13.5) mm. 

Type locality.—Coast of [probably South] Carolina. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, northeastern — British 
America, west to Hudson Bay, from Newfoundland, Labrador and 
the head of James Bay northward; accidental in Greenland; in winter, 
west to Manitoba and the Mississippi Valley; south regularly to 
Illinois, Ohio and the Carolinas, casually to Louisiana and the 
Bermudas. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 111783, U.S. 
N.M.; Cloud Hills, Canada Bay, Newfoundland, August 2, 1887; 
F. A. Lucas and W. Palmer.—Upper parts warm sepia brown, darkest 
on rump, the feathers everywhere edged with pale brown; wings and 
middle pair of tail- feathers the same; middle of crown, occiput, nape, 
bend of wing and upper tail-coverts cinnamomeous with a pinkish 
tinge; fore crown, cheeks and jugular crescent black; forehead, 
superciliary stripe, auriculars and throat primrose yellow; rest of 
under surface white, the sides tinged with brownish. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 7429,.U.S.N.M.; Cleve- 
land, Ohio, April 1, 1851; J. P. Kirtland.—Resembling the adult 
male at same season, but colors generally duller; back darker with 
lighter edgings to the feathers; black of crown much mixed with 


808 “PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


brown; nape cinnamon with little or no pinkish tinge, and exten- 
sively obscured by brownish; yellow of throat and head paler; breast 
and sides more shaded with brownish. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 1924, collection of Dr. A. K. 
Fisher; Far Rockaway Beach, Long Island, New York, February 7, 
1885; A. K. Fisher.—Differs from the summer dress in being some- 
what more deeply colored; in the more blended appearance of the 
upper surface, owing to the dull tips of the feathers; in the more 
pinkish cast of nape, upper tail-coverts and bend of wing; in the 
darker shade of yellow on throat and head; and in the conspicuous 
dusky markings on the breast. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 113165, U.S.N.M.; South 
Duxbury, Massachusetts, November 28, 1886.—Like the summer 
female, but with all the dark areas more uniform in coloration, due to 
the blending effect of dull tips to the feathers; yellow rather brighter, 
and dusky on breast and sides pronounced. 

Young in first plumage.—No. 111760, U.S.N.M., Penguin Island, 
Newfoundland, July 24, 1887; F. A. Lucas and W. Palmer. Above 
deep sepia brown, most of the feathers spotted and margined with 
dull yellowish, buffy or ochraceous; tail much as in the adult; throat 
and breast dull yellowish, deepest on the latter, and more or less 
spotted with dusky; rest of under surface yellowish white. 

True a/pestris is distinguished from all the other races by its com- 
bination of large size, dark, rufescent upper surface, and deep yellow 
of throat and eyebrow. 

The young are characterized by dark colors combined with a con- 
spicuous yellow suffusion, this latter usually very noticeable below, 
often ven posteriorly. 

As was long ago pointed out by Dr. Coues,' the subspecific name 
alpestiis Delongs primarily to the bird from northeastern America, to 
which it is now for the first time definitely restricted. The A/auda 
alpestris of Linnzeus” was based entirely upon the Alauda gutture flavo 
of Catesby,* which latter, it has been suggested, might, in at least so 
far as locality is concerned, have been either the race now generally 
recognized as the typical one—that is, the bird from Labrador and 
Newfoundland,—or the more southern subspecies praticola. The 
question thus raised is readily answered by reference to Catesby’s own 
statements as well as his accompanying figure. The latter represents 
a bird which from its very yellow throat and superciliary stripe and 
its very brownish upper parts would without hesitation be identified 
as quite typical of the northern form. The text, in so far as it is 
diagnostic, reads: 


"Birds of Colorado Valley, 1878, p. 189. 
*Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 166. 
’Nat. Hist. Carolina, I, 1731, p. 32, pl. xxxur. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 809 


— 


The Crown of oe Head is mixt can ines a Fallon oe Siieroueh the 
Eyes runs a stripe of yellow. From the Angle of the Mouth runs a black stripe, 
inclining downward; except which, the Throat and Neck are ‘yellow. They frequent 
the Sand-Hills upon the Sea-shore of Carolina. 

These remarks, save, of course, that regarding locality, do not 
well apply to what we now call praticola, which rarely, if ever, 
has the superciliary distinctly yellow, while the usually very pale 
yellow of the throat is confined chiefly to the central portion. Fur- 
thermore, praticola, compared with what we now know as a/pestr’s, 
has the crown very gray, lacking the conspicuous yellow suffusion 
so characteristic of the latter. Although Catesby states that this 
species occurs in both Virginia and Carolina, his type undoubtedly came 
from the latter region, for he says in the introduction that none of his 
own work was done in Virginia. The only other name requiring con- 
sideration in this connection is Alauda cornuta,’ which was, however, 
evidently founded upon the yellow-browed a/pestr/s from the Middle 
Atlantic States, and is thus an undoubted synonym of the present form. 

We know nothing of true @/pestr/s during the breeding season, 
except as a littoral bird, though it possibly occurs at that time in suit- 
able situations over most, if not all, of the region east of Hudson Bay. 
It is the breeding form at Moose Fort, Ontario, on the southern shore 
of James Bay, as a specimen in the U. 8. National Museum attests, 
but this is the most southern as well as the most western summer 
record. The area of its transition to hoyt/ is likewise scarcely more 
than inferentially known. In winter /pestr/s wanders as far west as 
Manitoba, and south regularly to Missouri, Ohio, and South Carolina, 
being apparently most abundant in New England and on the coastal 
plain of the Atlantic States. There are several records for the Ber- 
muda Islands,” but apparently only one for Greenland.* It sometimes 
remains comparatively late in the spring, as is shown by examples from 
northern Ohio taken on the Ist of April. The single specimen from 
Wooster, Ohio, several years ago recorded as a/pestris,' proves upon 
closer examination to be nearer praticola. 

As in most of the other races there is much variation in the color of 
the upper parts, independent of intergradation, some specimens being 
very reddish, others quite grayishand pinkish. The eyebrow in typi- 
cal specimens appears always to be yellow, the throat quite uniformly 
so, paler, of course, in females and breeding males; this color in win- 
ter males not infrequently more or less conspicuously tingine the 
breast below the black eerie 


‘Wilson, Amer. Goes ile 1808, p: 87. 

2W Lee ee in Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1850, - Reid, Bulletin U.S.N.M., No. 
25, 1884, pp. 177, 178. 

* Reinhardt, Lbis., 1861, p. 8. 

* Oberholser, Bull. Ohio Agric. Exper. Sta., Tech. Ser. I, No. 4, 1896, p. 297. 


810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


ia sill, 2 specimens have been examined, taken at the following 
localities, breeding records being designated hy an asterisk: 

District of Columbia.—Washington. 

Tlinois.—Mount Carmel; Maywood, Cook County. 

Maine.—Portland. 

Maryland.—Marshall Hall, Charles County. 

Massachusctts.—South Duxbury; North Truro; Gurnet Beach, Dux- 
bury; Quincy; Chatham. 

Minnesota.—Hibbing. 

New Hampshire.—Hampton. 

New York.—Sing Sing; Shinnecock Bay, Long Island; Far Rocka- 
way Beach, Long Island; Timber Point, Long Island; Long Island 
City; Montauk Point; Shelter Island; Lockport. 

North Carolina.—Raleigh. 

Ohio.—Cleveland; Circleville. 

Pennsylvania.—Carlisle; Chester County; Philadelphia. 

Labrador.—F¥ort Chimo;* Davis Inlet.* 

Manitoba.—Rat Portage. 

Newfoundland.—Penguin Island;* Cloud Hills, Canada Bay. 

Northeast Territory.—Resolution Island, Hudson Strait.* 

Ontario.—Moose Fort.* 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS FLAVA (Gmelin). 


Alauda flava GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 800. 
Alauda nivalis PALLAS, Zoog. ies )-Asiat, I, 1826, p. 519. 
Phileremos striatus Breum, Vogelfang, 1855, p. 122. 


Phileremos rufescens Breum, Vogelfang, 1 Dy ps W22: 
Otocorys alpestris HensHaw, Auk, I, Jaly, 1884, p. 257 a yart) . 
Otocoris alpestris Dwiant, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 141 (part).—Ripeway, Man. 


N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 348 (part). 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris alpestris alpestris, but smaller; 
the nape, rump and bend of wing more pinkish. 

Measurements (7 mates).—Wing, 105.5-111 (average, 107.9) mm.; 
tail, 68.5-73.5 (average, 70.6) mm.; exposed culmen, 9-11 (average, 
10.1)) mm.; tarsus, 21-23 (average, 21.9) mm.; middle toe, 11.5-12.5 
(average, 11.9) mm. 

Type locality. Siberia. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer the extreme northern parts 
of Sweden and Norway, northern Russia south in the eastern part to 
about latitude 55°, northern Siberia south locally to the region about 
Lake Baikal; in winter south to the British Isles (except Ireland), 
nothern France, central Italy, Turkey, southern Russia, Turkestan and 
northern China. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 111105, 
U.S.N.M.; Vard6, Norway, June 22, 1877.—Occiput, nape, upper 
tail-coverts and bend of wing pinkish cinnamomeous; back, rump, 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 811 


scapulars and wings sepia, edged with paler; two central tail-feathers 
like the back, rest of tail brownish black, the two outer feathers with 
exterior margins and tips of white; lores, cheeks, jugulum and fore 
part of crown black; throat and remainder of face pale yellow; rest 
of lower parts dull white; the sides washed with brownish and cinna- 
momeous. 

Adult femalein breeding plumage.—No. 1029938,U.8.N.M.; Lisistrov, 
Russia, May 19, 1876.—Similar to the male, but upper parts more 
uniform, the crown, nape and back much mixed with brownish or 
grayish; black of cheeks less pure, and colors generally duller. 


Adult male in pais plumage.—No. T7767, U.S.N.M.; Heligoland, 
November, 1878; H. Giitke.—Similar to summer Pree but all the 


upper parts muc te obscured by brownish tips to the feathers; throat 
deeper yellow; sides of the body more heavily washed with brownish; 
breast heavily spotted with dusky. 

Female in winter plumage.—No. 147323, U.S.N.M.; France.—Like 
the summer dress, but the darker colors everywhere obscured by dull 
tips to the feathers; yellow areas darker; the breast conspicuously 
streaked with dusky; everywhere rather more deeply colored. 

This race is, of course, most closely allied to true a/pestr/s, but dif- 
fers in its reduced size, this particularly affecting the bill, and in the 
noticeably more pinkish tinge of the cervix, upper tail-coverts and 
bend of wing. ‘These differences obtain in the females as well as the 
males, and are observable in both winter and summer plumages. With 
regard to the other Old World forms of QOfocor/s no difficulties of 
identification should exist, since all the races of penic7llata have the 
black of the throat united to that of the cheeks; /ong/rostr/s and. all 
its closely related forms have a pure white throat; and aé/as is much 
paler above. 

Probably lack of material caused both Mr. Henshaw and Dr. Dwight 
to consider the bird of Europe and Siberia identical with a/péstr/s of 
northeastern America, in which view they have been followed by 
apparently all subsequent writers. Comparison of a sufficient series 
makes evident that it is quite as much entitled to recognition as some 
of the current forms. The very large, pale specimen from southern 
Russia upon which Mr. Henshaw particularly comments! has not been 
found, and it is possible that there lurks somewhere here a misidenti- 
fication or mistake of locality. In connection with this Dr. Sharpe’s 
remarks” should be consulted. The earliest and therefore proper 
name for the Old World form of alpestris is Alauda flava Gmelin,* 
based wholly on the Ceinture de Pretre ¢ ou Alouette de Sibérie of 


"Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 257. 
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 544. 
sgyst, Nat., I, 1788, p. 800. 


812 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Buffon.'| Other synonyms are Alauda nivalis Pallas,’ which refers 
principally to the Siberian bird; /’cleremos. striatus Brehm?* and 
Phileremos rufescens Brehm* which apply to that of Europe. 

A breeding bird from Vard6é, Norway, is browner on the interscap- 
ular region than are the others in similar plumage, but is not other- 
wise different. The single Asian specimen, an adult male in perfect 
spring plumage from the island of Yeso, Japan, seems to be identical 
with the European examples, in so far as a single example can be relied 
upon for such determination; but it is, however, apparently rather 
more grayish above, as well as somewhat larger than any of the birds 
from Europe, and a good series from Asia might very possibly show 
the existence of two Old World races of a/pestr7s, instead of the single 
one here recognized. 

Thirteen specimens have been examined, representing the localities 
given below: . 

England.—Spurn, Yorkshire. 

THeligoland.— 

Russia.—Krim; Lisistrov.* 

Norway.—Vardo.* 

France.—| No definite locality given. | 

Japan.—Voleano Bay, Yeso. 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS HOYTI Bishop. 


Otocorys alpestris leucolema Hensnaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 258 (part). 

Otocoris alpestris leucolema Dwiantr, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 142 (part).— 
Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 348 (part). 

Otocoris alpestris hoyti Bisnor, Auk, XIII, April, 1896, p. 130. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris a. flava, but larger, the throat 
paler yellow, the eyebrow white. 

Measurements (15 mates).—Wing, 104-115.5 (average 111.1) mm.; 
tail, 65.5-75 (average 70.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 10.5-13 (average 
11.4) mm.; tarsus, 21—23.5 (average 22.3) mm.; middle toe, 11.5—-13 
(average 12.5) mm. 

Type locality.—Cando, Towner County, North Dakota. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, British America from the 
west shore of Hudson Bay to the valley of the Mackenzie River, north 
to the Arctic coast, south to Lake Athabasca; in winter southward to 
Nevada, Utah, Kansas and Michigan, casually to Ohio and New York 
(Long Island). 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—No.31135,U.5.N.M.; 
Big Island, Great Slave Lake, British America ae I: Reid 


ariet Nat. Meson Ve anes 61. 
*Zoog. Rosso-Asiat., i 1826, p. 519. 
> Vogelfang, 1855, p. 122. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED ee ee OER (813 


Back and wings dark brown. n, “edged with paler; oceiput, nape and 
bend of wing Piicigh Vinaceous; upper tail-coverts vinaceous cinna- 
mon; middle tail-feathers like those of back, the rest black, the outer 
pair margined and tipped with white; crown, lores, cheeks and jugular 
erescent black; forehead, superciliary and sides of throat dull white; 
center of throat very pale yellowish; remainder of lower parts dull 
white, the sides washed with brownish. 

Adult Female in breeding plumage.—No. 43258, U.S.N.M.; Frank- 
lin Bay, British America, July 9, 1864; R. MacFarlane.—Similar to 
to adult male, but back darker with paler edgings to the feathers, 
imparting a brighter, more mottled appearance; black of head pee 
mixed with brown; nape more cinnamomeous, and obscured by 
brownish; under surface duller, the black on jugulum less extensive 
and the chin paler yellowish. 

Adult male in wints eee .—No. 65884, U.S.N.M.; Souris River, 
North Dakota, Oct. 1, 1873; E. Coues.—Like the summer dress, but 
upper parts more blended by brownish tips to the feathers, the black 
of head much obscured; breast with some dusky spotting. 

Adult female in winter plumnage.—No.. 65882, U.S.N.M.; Riviére 
“de Laces, North Dakota, Sept. 13, 1873; E. Coues.—Plumage above 
duller and more uniform than in summer, the decided contrasts 
obscured; superciliary stripe and light areas of neck and throat 
washed with dusky, the black areas much obscured; throat rather 
more deeply yellow, breast and sides more heavily tinged with 
brownish. 

Young in jfirst plumage.—No. 51903, U.S.N.M.; Arctic coast east of 
Fort Anderson, July 3, 1865; R. MacFarlane. Head and back black- 
ish sepia, varied with ochraceous and spotted with buffy white; nape 
buffy, barred with dark brown; wings and tail fuscous, margined with 
ochraceous; superciliary stripe buffy, poorly defined; cheeks dull 
brownish; throat yellowish white; breast buffy, spotted with dull 
brown; remainder of lower parts dull buffy white, the sides with 
markings of dull brown. 

The most conspicuous character distinguishing hoyt7 from alpestris 
is the restriction and dilution of the yellow on the head and throat. 
In hoyt/ this color is usually pale and confined to the middle of the 
throat, the eyebrow being white, while in a/pestr/s the throat, fore- 
head and superciliary stripe are deep yellow, this color often suffusing 
the crown and occiput. The shade of the upper parts in hoyt/ averages 
rather less ferruginous brown, particularly in the females, but there 
is so much individual variation in this respect that the character is 
hardly of much value in identification. From arcticola the present 
form differs in the darker, more rufescent upper parts, and in the 
generally distinctly yellow throat. There should be no difficulty in 


814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


identifying any typical specimens, though of some intermediates it 
may not be so easy to dispose. In such cases, however, the more yel- 
lowish throat, darker back, or the more rufescent shade of nape, upper 
tail-coverts and bend of wing will serve to determine specimens that 
should be called hoyt?. 

The young of this form, as might be expected, resemble to a consid- 
erable extent the young of a/pestris, but are somewhat more grayish 
above, particularly on the head and cervix, and considerably less 
tinged with yellow below. 

This race has heretofore always been included in /eucol@ma, so-called 
(=arecticola), but easily admits of intelligent diagnosis if comparison 
be made with typical specimens. The entire series upon which Dr. 
Bishop based his differentiation of this form’ has been available for 
exumination in the present connection, This series consists almost 
entirely of spring specimens from Towner County, North Dakota, 
and a large proportion of these are in various degrees intermediate 
betwen /oyti and arcticola. The type of hoyti is unfortunately one 
of these intermediate specimens and consequently does not represent 
what it seems now necessary to consider the typical bird; being, how- 
ever, in its yellow throat and brownish upper parts without doubt 
referable to the race inhabiting the great central area of British 
America, to which consequently this name must be applied. This 
form breeds at Great Slave Lake and about Fort Resolution, and two 
May birds from Depot Island, Hudson Bay, are evidently the same. 
Two young birds in first plumage, from the Arctic Coast east of Fort 
Anderson should, without much doubt, be also accredited to hoyt7, for 
they are much more ochraceous than would be expected in the youug 
of arcticola. Then, too, a female from Franklin Bay, Northwest Ter- 
ritory, is apparently Aoyt7. How far to the southward the breeding 
range of /oyf/ must be extended toward that of Jewcodwma and where 
it meets and mingles with arcticola are questions which the material 
now available does not answer. 

In winter Hoyt? ranges southward into the Upper Mississippi Valley 
as far at least as Kansas, but keeps chiefly west of the river, and 
apparently is not common west of the plains. Camp Floyd, Utah, and 
Steanrboat Valley, Nevada, are the westernmost records. The ‘“‘large 
dark birds with white eyebrows and pale yellow chins” mentioned by 
Dr. Dwight’ as being ‘‘found in winter in the Upper Mississippi 
Valley ” belong, of course, to the present race. An adult male from 
Long Island City, Long Island, taken March 9, and another from 
Wooster, Ohio, are not typical Aoyt7, but are so large and have such 
very pale throats and eyebrows that they can not be called anything 
else. Although not examined, the specimen from Shelter Island, New 


1 Auk, XIII, April, 1896, p. 130. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. $15 


York, placed by Dr. Dwight' under Jeucolwma (=arcticola) probably 
belongs also to hoy’. 

This race generally has a yellow throat, though pale, but examples 
occasionally occur which lack almost entirely any trace of this color. 
The eyebrow in typical specimens is nearly always white, though 
occasionally it, as well as the light area on the sides of the neck, are 
tinged with yellow. Considerable variation exists in the amount of 
dark streaking on the back, some birds being very broadly thus 
marked, others inconspicuously; this difference observable in the 
breeding season as well as in winter. 

It may, perhaps, be well to call attention to an excusable mistake 
made by Dr. Dwight, chiefly because it undoubtedly contributed to 
his failure to recognize the present form as distinct from arcticola. 
In the U.S. National Museum collection are several breeding birds 
from Fort Reliance, Northwest Territory, which place Dr. Dwight 
located at the eastern extremity of Great Slave Lake, whereas it is, 
or rather was, for the post is now abandoned, on the Yukon River, 
not far east of the Alaskan boundary. The birds from Fort Reliance, 
on the Yukon, are typical avcticola, while those from the region of 
Great Slave Lake are equally characteristic of Hoyt; so it may readily 
be seen that this error of nearly a thousand miles in the location of 
Fort Reliance very naturally obscured the evidences of geographical 
variation really existing. 

Seventy-nine specimens of this form have been examined, repre- 
senting the localities given below, breeding records as before being 
noted by an asterisk: 

lowa.— Sergeant Blutts. 

Kansas.—Fort Riley; Emporia; Marshall. 

Michigan.—Grand Rapids. 

Minnesota.—Madison. 

North Dakota.—Riviere de Lacs; Souris River; Towner County. 

Nebraska.—Papillion; Platt Center. 

Nevada.—Steamboat Valley. 

New York.—Long Island City. 

Ohio.—W ooster. 

Utah.—Camp Floyd. 

Alberta.—Calgary. 

Assiniboia.—Indian Head. 

Northwest Territory.—F¥ort Resolution;* Arctic coast east of Fort 
Anderson;* Big Island, Great Slave Lake;* Franklin Bay;* Depot 
Island;* Fort Chippewyan,* Lake Athabasca;* Grand Rapids; Fort 
Churchill;* Cape Eskimo.* 

Saskatchewan.—St. Louis. 


1 Auk, VII, 1890, p. 143. 


816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS ARCTICOLA, new subspecies. 


Otocorys alpestris leucolema Hensaaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 258 (part; not of 
Coues ). 

Otocoris alpestris leucolema Dwitarnr, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 142 (part).— 
Ripeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 348 (part). 

Chars. subsp.—Resembling Otocoris a. hoyt/, but upper surface 
paler and more grayish, the throat pure white. 

Measurements (15 mates).—Wing, 108.5-114.5 (average, 111.5) mm. ; 
tail, 67.5-74 (average, 70.7) mm. ; exposed culmen, 10-12.5 (veenen 
11.3) mm.; tarsus, 21.5-24 (average, 22.7) mm.; middle toe, 12-13 
(average 12.6) mm. 

Type locality.—Fort Reliance, Yukon River, British America. 

Geographical distribution.—\n summer, Alaska (chiefly the interior), 
with the valley of the Upper Yukon River; in winter, south to Ore- 
gon, Utah and Montana. 

Description.—Adult mate in breeding plumage.—Type, No. 78565, 
U.S.N.M.; Fort Reliance, Yukon River, British America, May 7, 1879; 
E. W. Nelson.” Back and wings fuscous, the feathers edged with paler 
brown; hind part of crown, occiput, nape, bend of wing a upper tail- 
coverts pinkish vinaceous; middle pair of tail-feathers like the back; 
the rest brownish black, the outer ones margined with whitish; fore 
part of crown, horns, lores, cheeks and jugular crescent black; fore- 
head, superciliary, throat and remainder of lower parts dull white, 
the sides streaked with brown. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 10869, U.S.N.M.; St. 
Michael, Alaska, June 1, 1876; Lucien M. Turner. Head, back, scapu- 
lars and rump blackish brown, the feathers margined with buffy; nape 
brownish gray with but a slight tinge of pink, and narrowly streaked 
with brown; wings fuscous, edged with buffy and ochraceous, the bend 
of wing with same cinnamomeous admixture; tail like that of adult 
male, but more brownish; lores, cheeks and jugulum dull black; fore- 
head, superciliary, throat and rest of lower surface dull white, the 
sides washed with brownish and streaked with darker. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 153227, U.S.N.M.; Oosoyos, 
British Columbia, December 2, 1893; C. De B. Green. Very sine 
to the summer male, but head and nape much obscured by brownish 
tips to the feathers, the nape, bend of wing and superior tail-coverts 
more pinkish; the black areas more or less obscured by paler tips to 
the feathers; the breast with some dusky sels 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 153228, U.S.N.M.; Okanagan, 
British Columbia, December 2, 1893; C. De B. GH canine to the 
summer female, but much paler and more grayish, the upper surface 
decidedly more uniform; the black areas much obscured by grayish 
tips to the feathers; breast much streaked with dusky and sides more 
deeply shaded with the same. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 817 


This form is one of the best marked of all the races of Ofocoris 
alpestris, differing from the typical subspecies in its very much paler 
upper surface, more pinkish nape, upper tail-coverts and bend of wing, 
as well as in the pure white of throat and eyebrow. Comparisons 
with other forms are elsewhere made, so need not be repeated here. 

This is the race to which, through misapprehension of the identity 
of Dr. Coues’ type, the name /ewcolaema has, by common consent, been 
applied. Examination of the rediscovered type, however, proves it 
to belong to another race, as fully explained under its proper heading, 
and leaves the present subspecies without a name. So far as definite data 
are concerned, the breeding range of arcticola must be restricted to 
Alaska and the valley of the Yukon River. How far south it extends, 
or where it intergrades with merr//i does not appear from the speci- 
mens at hand. It remains in even southern British Columbia until 
into May, and a male from Sumas Prairie, British Columbia, possibly 
represents the form breeding in the mountains not far to the north- 

yard of the valley of the Fraser River. 

In autumn and winter arcticola occurs in the northern United 
States, principally west of the Rocky Mountains, there taking to a 
great extent the place of the more eastern /oytz. No specimens have 
been examined from farther east than Fort Shaw, Montana; and the 
southernmost records are Fort Klamath, Oregon, and Salt Lake City, 
Utah. 

This form is usually without yellow anywhere, though in winter 
there is not infrequently a faint wash of this color on the throat. 
The breeding specimens available are quite uniform, with the excep- 
tion of a male from St. Michael, Alaska, which is noticeably more 
reddish on the upper parts. Even in winter there seems to be less” 
individual variation than exists in many of the other subspecies. 

Of this race 38 specimens have been examined, representing the 
following localities: 

Alaska.—¥ort Yukon;* St. Michael.* 

Montana.—Chiet Mountain Lake: Bozeman; Fort Shaw; Bitter 
Root Valley. 

Oregon.—Fort Klamath. 

Utah.—Salt Lake City; Ogden. 

Washington.—Oyhut; Walla Walla. 

British Columbia.—Chilliwack; Oosoyos; Okanagan; Revelstroke; 
Sumas Prairie; Twin Buttes Mt., Ashnola River. 

Northwest Territory.—F ort Reliance, Yukon River.* 

Saskatchewan.—St. Louis. 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS ENTHYMIA, new subspeices. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocor/s a. arcticola, but decidedly smaller, 
the upper surface paler, the throat usually yellow. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiy—01——52 


S18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements (15 mates).—Wing, 101-107.5 (average, 104.8) mm.; 
tail, 67-75 (average, 70.4) mm.; exposed culmen, 10.5-12.5 (average, 
11.3) mm.; tarsus, 21-93 (average, 21.8) mm.; middle toe, 11.5-13 
(average, 12.1) mm. 

Type locality.—St. Louis, Saskatchewan, British America. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, Saskatchewan, Assiniboia, 
with possibly southwestern Manitoba; also extreme northern North 
Dakota; in winter south to Colorado and Kansas, sometimes to Utah 
and even Arizona. 

Description.— Adult male in breeding plumage. Type, No. 175258 
U.S.N.M., St. Louis, Saskatchewan, April 10, 1893, back and wings 
fuscous brown, broadly margined with pale brownish gray and buffy; 
bend of wing, occiput and nape pinkish vinaceous; shorter upper tail- 
coverts pinkish cinnamon; middle tail feathers like the feathers of the 
back; rest of tail brownish black, the outer pair of feathers edged 
exteriorly with white; fore part of crown, horns, lores, cheeks and 
jugulum black: forehead, superciliary stripe, infra-auricular region 
and sides of throat yellowish white, chin and center of throat pale yel- 
lowish; rest of lower surface white, the sides washed with cinnamon 
and streaked with dark brown. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 1446, collection of Louis B. 
Bishop; Towner County, North Dakota, April 22, 1895; Louis B. 
Bishop. Above sepia brown, the feathers with grayish white or bufly 
white margins which on nape occupy almost the entire width of the 
feathers, the dark color being reduced to narrow pale shaft markings; 
owing also to the breadth of these edgings the occiput shows only ¢ 
few dark brown streaks in comparison with the back, where the dark 
centers of the feathers are conspicuous; rump and bend of wing cin- 
namon; wings and central tail-feathers edged with buffy ochraceous, 
this changing to whitish on the terminal portions of tail and flight 
feathers; black of the male’s head replaced by brownish; superciliary 
white; throat white, very slightly tinged with yellow; jugular cres- 
cent restricted and obscured peripherally by white margins to the 
feathers; sides and flanks very slightly washed with cinnamon and 
narrowly streaked with dark brown. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 127873, U.S.N.M.; Spearfish, 
South Dakota, October 8, 1892; L. M. McCormick. Like the sum- 
mer male, but upper parts more uniform; bend of wing more pinkish; 
black areas obscured by grayish; breast spotted with dusky; sides 
more heavily washed with cinnamon. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—Similar to the breeding female, 
but paler, more grayish, and more uniform above, all the black areas 
much obscured by grayish, the breast marked with dusky. 

Young in first pluimage.—No. 2046, collection of Louis B. Bishop; 
Towner County, North Dakota, July 1, 1895; Louis B. Bishop. Upper 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. S19 


parts buffy ochraceous, each feather with a dark brown center and 
white terminal spot, excepting the upper tail-coverts, which are 
simply spotted distally with black; middle rectrices dull brown, broadly 
edged with buffy ochraceous, and tipped with whitish; remainder of 
tail feathers brownish-black, margined with white; wings fuscous, the 
lesser and median coverts, the tips of primaries and innermost second- 
aries edged with whitish, the rest of the wing margined exteriorly 
with buffy ochraceous; superciliary dull white; sides of head and neck 
white, mixed with brownish; lower parts dull white, the breast and 
jugulum washed with ochraceous and spotted with dusky; sides and 
flanks with scattered dusky markings. 

Although most closely allied to /ewcolwma, this form, when typical, 
van be easily distinguished by its paler, much more pinkish and gray- 
ish colors above, white eyebrow, and usually very pale yellow throat. 
Many intermediate examples are exceedingly difficult to determine: in 
such cases the best characters for identification consist in the paler and 
more grayish colors of exthymia. From praticola it differs in much 
lighter, more grayish coloration; from arcticola in decidedly smaller 
size, very much be aler upper surface, together with a yellow throat; 
from giraudi in larger size, conspicuously lighter upper parts, white 
superciliary and pallid throat. 

The young of enthymia, though varying individually to a consider- 
able extent in the depth and shade of color of the upper surface, still 
in typical specimens average throughout more grayish than /ewcolenia, 
although some specimens, particularly those from intermediate locali- 
ties, are almost, if not, quite, indistinguishable. Young enthyii/a is 
so very much paler and more grayish than praticola, both on the upper 
surface and on the chest, that specimens of both are always easily 
identifiable. It is everywhere very much paler and less brownish 
than the young of either Aoyt¢ or alpestris, besides entirely lacking the 
conspicuous suffusion of yellow about the head and throat. 

So far as is shown by the specimens at hand, Ofocor/s alpestr/s 
enthymia occupies, during the breeding season, a rather restricted 
area in North Dakota, Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, and possibly western 
Manitoba, filling a gap between the ranges of praticola, hoyt/, and 
leucolema. In North Dakota and extreme eastern Montana it inter- 
grades with deucolema. The winter range of enthym/éa includes Kansas 
and Nebraska, in both of which States it appears to be not very 
uncommon. <A typical example from Fort Keogh, Montana, is a 
western winter record; while specimens from Santa Clara, Utah, and 
San Francisco Mountain, Arizona, probably show the extent of its 
wanderings to the southwest. 

A series taken by Dr. Bishop during the breeding season in Towner 
County, North Dakota, is quite uniformly more brownish above, with 
more cinnamomeous nape than birds from farther north, being thus 


820 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


differentiated toward /ewcolema. The eyebrow and: forehead in all 
are pure white, which, together witl. the pale upper surface, impart 
a general appearance strikingly suggestive of some intermediates 
between eucolwma and the southwest form aphrasta, though, of course, 
upon close inspection seen to be darker. The females of this North 
Dakota series appear to be less intermediate than the males, having, 
on the light areas above, very little of the buffy tinge of deucolema. 
They are also paler and more grayish than the same sex of praticola. 
The throat of typical enthymia is usually pale yellow, but even in 
winter is occasionally pure white. 

The writer is indebted to the kindness of Dr. Louis B. Bishop, of 
New Haven, for the privilege of describing the present race. It is 
but fair to state that he some time ago noticed its distinctness from 
the Colorado bird, and had in mind its formal separation; nevertheless 
he generously waived his claim and placed his material at my disposal. 

Sixty-seven specimens have been examined, from the following 
localities, breeding records being indicated by an asterisk: 

Arizona.—San Francisco Mountain. 

Colorado.— Loveland. 

AKansas.—Pendennis; Ellis. 

Montana.—Fort Keogh; Miles City; Fort Union. 

Nebraska.—Valentine. 

North Dakota.—Diexinson; Cando;* Rock Lake, Towner County.* 

South Dakota.—Speartish. 

Utah.—Santa Clara. 

Wyoming.—Laramie. 

Assiniboca.— Indian Head.* 

Sashatchewan.—st. Louis.* 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS LEUCOLAEMA (Coues). 


Eremophila alpestris b. leucolema Cours, Birds Northwest, 1874, p. 38. 

Otocoris alpestris leucolema STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, p. 54. 

Otocorys alpestris arenicola Hensuaw, Auk., I, July, 1884, p. 265. 

Otocoris alpestris arenicola Dwientr, Auk., VII, April, 1890, p. 146.—Rinaway, 
Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed. 1896, pp. 348-349. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris a. enthymia, but more ochraceous 
above, the eyebrow usually yellowish. 

Measurements (15 mates).—Wing, 101-110 (average, 105.8) mm.; tail, 
68-77 (average, 71.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-13 (average, 11.5) mm. ; 
tarsus, 20.5-23 (average, 21.8) mm.; middle toe, 11-12 (average, 11.7) 
mm. 

Type locality.—Fort Randall, South Dakota. 

Geographical distribution. —In summer, western United States from 
central Dakota, western Kansas and western Nebraska to Idaho and 
Nevada, north on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains to Alberta; 


No, 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 821 


in winter, south to Texas, Guinganns feonon and vein 
California. ake 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 139817, 

U.S.N.M., Biological Survey Collection; Loveland, Colorado, July 24, 

1895; E. A. Preble. Back, wings and middle pair of tail-feathers 
fuscous, edged with buffy; rest of tail brownish black, the outer pair 
of feathers margined with white; occiput, cervix, bend of wing and 
upper tail-coverts pinkish cinnamon; fore crown, horns, lores, cheeks 
and jugulum black; superciliary stripe, forehead and auriculars white, 
the last somewhat grayish; throat yellowish white; rest of lower 
surface white, the sides and flanks shaded with cinnamon. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 139797, U.S.N.M., Biolog- 
ical Survey Collection; Big Butte, Idaho, July 18, 1890; V. Bailey and 
B. H. Dutcher. Similar to the adult male, but cervix, bend of wing 
and upper tail-coverts cinnamon without pinkish tinge, the first nar- 
rowly streaked with brownish; black of head replaced by brownish 
and buffy; tail more brownish; superciliary stripe and auriculars 
buffy; sides and flanks with dusky streaks. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 139790, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey Collection; Burlington, Colorado, November 20, 1894; C. P. 
Streator. Like the summer male, but upper parts more uniform, the 
cinnamomeous areas more pinkish, this on occiput and cervix almost 
hidden by the grayish tips of the feathers; superciliary stripe yellow- 
ish; throat deeper yellow; black areas obscured by paler; breast 
marked with dusky; sides and flanks more deeply colored. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 67600, U.S.N.M.; Three 
Buttes, Montana, August 31, 1874; Dr. E. Coues. Similar to the sum- 
mer female, but upper parts more uniform and more buffy ochraceous; 
all the black areas obscured; breast strongly tinged with buff and 
spotted with pale dusky. 

Young in first plumage.—No. 139816, U.S.N.M., Biological Survey 
Collection; Loveland, Colorado, July 23, 1895; E. A. Preble. Upper 
parts dull brownish ochraceous, each feather with a subterminal bar of 
sepia, and a terminal spot or bar of white or buffy; wings and tail 
fuscous, margined with buffy and ochraceous; superciliary stripe buffy; 
sides of head grayish brown, spotted with buffy whitish; throat white, 
spotted with dusky; jueulum buffy ochraceous spotted with dusky; 
sides and flanks buffy, marked with dusky; remainder of lower surface 
white. 

This form may be distinguished from praticola by the markedly 
more cinnamomeous tint of cervix, upper tail-coverts and bend of wing, 
as well as by the paler color of the back, where the blackish of pradz- 
cola is replaced by sandy brown. From arecticola it differs in reduced 
size, usually yellow throat, nape more tinged with cinnamomeous, 
lighter and brownish inste: wal of blackish back; from g/raud7 in larger 


822 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


size, gener Pally puler iinoat, tamubher with paler, much more brownish 
upper surface; from merr//// in larger size and lighter, more brownish 


coloration. 

Ovocoris alpestris leucolema in first plumage is hardly to be con- 
founded with the same condition of either praticola or merrillz, being 
so much paler, more ochraceous on both the jugulum and the upper 
parts; and this pallor will serve to distinguish it from also a/pestr/s and 
hoyti. It is much more grayish above and usually paler than «acfva, 
but some specimens would be difficult to separate without knowing the 
localities. Compared with adusta and oaracae, young leucolema is, 
of course, decidedly more grayish on the upper surface. 

Ever since Mr. Henshaw published his treatise on the American 
horned larks! the name /evcolaema Coues” has, by almost all writers 
except Dr. Coues himself, been applied to the form which breeds in 
Alaska. How such an identification came to be made is not quite 
clear, but it has apparently been accepted without question. Speaking 
of what he considered /eucolwma, Mr. Henshaw has this to say:* ** It 
has been supposed to breed along our northern frontier in Montana, 
ete., and Colorado even has been assigned as its summer habitat. So 
far as is shown by the specimens at hand, however, it does not spend 
the summer anywhere within our frontier, all of the summer speci- 
mens from Montana, Dakota and Colorado, which have been called 
leucoluema, being referable to the next form. The only region where 
the specimens at hand absolutely prove that it breeds is Alaska, where 
it was taken by both Mr. Nelson and Mr. Turner.” When this was 
written the type of /ewcolwma was not accessible, but there were in the 
United States National Museum specimens taken by Dr. Coues at the 
same time, at the same place as the type, and which, moreover, bore 
his identification as ‘‘/eucolema.” Dy. Coues’ original description, 
as well as the remark he makes on the preceding page, where he calls 
leucolwma a ** pale race, breeding on dry interior plains of the West,” 
together with the synonymy cited, and his subsequent remarks on the 
subject in ‘* Birds of the Colorado Valley,”* all apply better to the 
form for which they were intended than to the Alaskan bird, to which 
Mr. Henshaw restricted the name. The only circumstance that seems 
to point toward the correctness of the identification made by Mr. 
Henshaw is the statement in the original description that /ewcolwma 
is ‘‘not smaller than typical a/pestris.” This is fully explained, how- 
ever, by the fact that the specimens Dr. Coues had in hand when 
deseribing /eucolema, and which have been above mentioned as the 
ones bearing his identification, are of rather exceptional size for 
the Colorado and Montana race, and really are as large as some 
examples of alpestres: The type of Jeucolwma, vee is now in the 


1 Auk, I, July, 1884, pp. O54 268. . > Auk, I, 1884, p:. 208. 
? Birds Northwest, 1874, p. 39. 41878, pp. 186-190. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 823 


United States National Museum, proves beyond a doubt what was 
already more than surmised—that this name must be used for the 
Otocoris inhabiting Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent 
territory, which Mr. Henshaw described as arenicola.' The type of 
arenicola came from Denver, Colorado, being apparently of the form 
breeding at that place, and although inclining somewhat toward the 
‘ace from Assiniboia is much nearer /ewcolwma. The two additional 
males from Fort Randall, collected by Dr. Coues on March 8 and 12, 
1873, respectively, and mentioned above, are substantially identical 
with the type, though considerably larger. These three specimens, 
notwithstanding the late date, possibly do not represent the breed- 
ing birds of the region, for they appear more closely to resemble 
examples from northern Colorado. The breeding birds from western 
Kansas and Nebraska, eastern Montana, extreme eastern Wyoming, 
central and western South Dakota are intermediate between /encolwema 
and enthymia, though nearer the former, being in color above some- 
what more brownish than enthymia, this evident both on the nape 
and back. Some specimens from Dickinson, North Dakota, are 
essentially similar. The area of inosculation with praticola is not 
illustrated by the material at hand, but it must of necessity be limited, 
for examples from Pendennis, Kansas; Ellsworth, Sidney,and Alliance, 
Nebraska, show practically no approach to the eastern race, while 
praticola from Strong, Kansas, is very far from intermediate. —Speci- 
mens from northwestern Montana approach merri//7 in the darker 
upper surface, but most of themappear to be nearer the present form. 
The same tendency is evident in birds from Big Butte, Idaho, and Elko, 
Nevada, though to a less extent. A single adult breeding male from 
Roswell, New Mexico, seems to be typical /ewcolwma, but similar exam- 
ples from both Alpine and Amarillo, Texas, are somewhat more rufes- 
cent above. Birds from central and southwestern Nevada average 
decidedly smaller and somewhat more grayish on the back than those 
from central Colorado, showing thus an approach to ammophila, while 
more to the southward in Nevada the tendency seems to be toward 
feucansiptila, since some specimens are almost indistinguishable from 
those of eastern Colorado and western Kansas, intermediate between 
leucolema and enthymia. The birds examined from Antelope Island, 
Great Salt Lake, Utah, are conspicuously redder than those from the 
surrounding region, being thus curiously similar to oce/dentalis, though 
separated from this form by a wide area. 

How far to the northward of the United States the range of /evco- 
lwma extends can not be definitely determined from the material at 
present available, but a very typical autumnal specimen from Calgary, 
Alberta, shows that it reaches at least this latitude; and specimens 


1Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 265. 


824 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


from Medicine Hat, Assiniboia, also belong to this race. Many of 
the winter birds from Texas and New Mexico are intermediates 
between /eucolema and occidentalis, though occurring with them are 
typical examples of both these forms. The winter range of /eueco- 
ema includes also northern Mexico, though the birds found there 
seem to have come from an area of transition from leucolama to 
leucansiptila. 

The eyebrow is frequently, the throat occasionally, without a 
trace of yellow, but both are sometimes deeply yellow; this color 
also appearing, though rarely, below the black jugular area, as is 
the case in a few autumnal specimens from southern Montana. Some 
winter birds have heavy dusky spotting on the breast, while others 
lack it almost entirely. In worn plumage the back not infrequently 
is conspicuously blackish, owing to the abrasion of the pale tips of 
the feathers. In this condition specimens may be distinguished from 
merrilli by the lighter color of the other portions of the upper sur- 
face. A difference among specimens of Jewcolwma, which is purely 
individual, consists in the occasional reddening of the upper surface, 
most conspicuously on the nape, rump and bend of the wing to sucha 
degree that the difference between this phase and the normal one is 
greater than that existing between some of the different races, thus 
forcibly demonstrating the desirability, and sometimes even necessity, 
of aseries of specimens for the determination of Ofocor/sfrom any given 
locality. Then, too, the range of /ewcolwma is so extensive and covers 
areas of so great physiographic diversity that intermediates between 
it and the various races with which it intergrades, though still unques- 
tionably to be referred to it, are often far more different from each 
other than are the examples of some of the recognizable forms, par- 
ticularly those occupying contiguous areas. This race, more than any 
other, has also a tendency to develop various slight exceedingly local 
differences which seem entirely independent of subspecific relationship 
or intergradation. 

Specimens to the number of 560 have been examined, these repre- 
senting the localities given below, breeding birds being designated by 
an asterisk: 

Arizona.—San Francisco Mountain; White Mountains; Wilcox; 
Fort Verde. 

California.—W hite Mountains;* MeGill Peak; Stockton; Keeler. 

Colorado.—Loveland;* Clear Creek;* Cortez; Burlington; Den- 
ver;* Arlington; Fort Logan; Colorado Springs;* Ramah (El Paso 
County);* Aiken’s Ranch (El Paso County); Turkey Creek (El Paso 
County); Pueblo; Fort Garland;* Routt County; Eagle County; 
Mount Rose;* Summitville.* 

Idaho.—Blackfoot;* Montpelier;* Big Butte;* Birch Creek.* 

Kansas.—Pendennis;* Garden City; Winona; Ellsworth;* Riley.* 


No.1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 825 


Montana.—Blackfoot;* Miles City; Hillsdale;* Pryor Mountains;* 
Willow Creek;* Helena;* Pass Creek;* Moreland;* Frenchman’s 
River;* Gallatin River; Gallatin Station; Gallatin County;* Two 
Forks of Milk River;* Clark’s Fork;* Fort Custer;* Chief Mountain; 
Porcupine River;* Fort Keogh;* Fort Union; Dryhorse Spring; Sun- 
day Creek; Madison River; Three Buttes;* Fort Shaw. 

Nebraska.—Valentine;* Sidney;* Omaha; Harrison; Alliance;* 
Wood River; Havellington. 

Nevada.—Are Dome, Toyabe Mountains;* Monitor Valley, 50 miles 
north of Belmont;* Elko;* Wadsworth;* Big Smoky Valley, oppo- 
site Are Dome;* Ione Valley;* Cloverdale;* Indian Spring Valley;* 
Osobb Valley;* Steamboat Valley; Tule Canyon;* Franklin Lake;* 
Panaca;* Pahrump Valley; Smoky Creek;* Washoe Valley; Truckee 
Meadows. 

New Mexico.—F¥ort Wingate; Fort Massachusetts; Deming: Silver 
City; Carlsbad (=Eddy); Albuquerque; Roswell;* Santa Fe; La 
Plata; Fort Thorn; Aztec. 

North Dakota.—Dickinson; Big Bend of Heart River;* Fort Rice.* 

Oklahoma.—Beaver River; Fort Reno; Tepee Creek. 

South Dakota.—Buttalo Gap;* Rapid City;* Belle Fourche; Fort 
Randall; Corral Draw, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation;* Spearfish;* 
Armour;* White;* Sturgis;* Black Hills. 

Tevas.—Laredo; Washburn;* Comanche County; Henrietta;* EK 
Paso; Del Rio; Sierra Blanca; Cook County; Fort Davis;* Marfa;* 
Gainesville; Amarillo;* Sherwood;* Marathon;* Alpine;* Dimmitt;* 
San Angelo. 

Utah.—Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake;* Salt Lake City;* 
Ogden;* Fairfield;* Nephi; Uncompahgre Indian Reservation;* Kel- 
ton; Santa Clara; Beaver;* West Weber. 

Wyoming.—Laramie; Bridger’s Pass;* Green River Basin;* Fetter- 
man;* Fort Bridger:* Cheyenne; Sheridan;* Newecastle;* Gilmer; 
Clearmont;* Wyoming Mountain,* Laramie Peak.* 

Alberta.—Calgary. 

Assiniboia.— Medicine Hat. 

Chihuahua.—W hite Water; Chihuahua; San Diego. 

Sonora.—Animas Valley (United States and Mexican Boundary 
Line). 

OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS PRATICOLA Henshaw. 
Otocorys alpestris praticola Hensnaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 264. 
Otocoris alpestris praticola Dwiant, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 144.—Ripeway, 
Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 348. 

Chars. subsp.—Resembling Otocoris a. leucolema, but darker, less 
ochraceous above, the superciliary stripe usually without yellow. 

Measurements (15 matles).—Wing, 100-108 (average, 104.2) mm.; 
tail, 67-73 (average 69.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-12 (average, 11.2) 


826 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


mm. ; fees: 20.5-22.5 (epee. 91.6) mm.; middle toe, 11-12 
(average, 11.7) mm. > 

Type locality..—Richland County, Illinois. 

Geographical distribution.—In_ summer, southern Canada from 
Manitoba to the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, together 
with the northeastern United States from Maine, Long Island and 
Pennsylvania west to eastern Kansas and Nebraska; in winter, south 
to the Carolinas, Kentucky and Texas, casually west to Colorado, 
and even Arizona. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—Type, No. 90763 
U.S.N.M.; Richland County, Illinois, May 16, 1883; R. Ridgway.— 
Center of crown, occiput, nape, superior tail-coverts and bend of wing 
pinkish vinaceous, rather more cinnamomeous on the two last; back, 
wings and two middle tail-feathers fuscous, edged with buffy; rest of 
tail brownish black, the outer pair of feathers with whitish external 
margins; fore part of crown, horns, lores, cheeks and jugular crescent 
black; forehead and superciliary stripe dull white; throat and sides of 
upper jugulum pale primrose yellow; rest of lower parts white, the 
sides shaded with cinnamon and streaked with dull brown. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 121861, U.S.N.M.; Green 
Bay, Wisconsin, June 18, 1890; C. W. Richmond. ae a brown 
narrowly streaked with buffy, the nape dull buffy ochraceous streaked 
with fuscous, the rump dull cinnamon; wings fuscous, margined with 
buffy, and on bend of wing with cinnamon; middle pair of tail-feathers 
like wings, the rest brownish black, the outer pair edged externally 
with whitish; forehead and superciliary dull white; lores and cheeks 
blackish, mixed with brownish; throat pale yellow; black of jugulum 
less extensive than in the male; remainder of lower surface dull white, 
the sides cinnamon streaked with dark brown. 

Adult malein winter plumage.—No. 150628, U.S.N.M.; Washington, 
District of Columbia, February 3, 1895; R.S. Matthews.-—Similar to 
the breeding male, but colors above duller, more blended, the pinkish 
of nape almost entirely obscured; black areas with grayish tips to the 
feathers; bend of wing more pinkish; yellow of throat deeper; breast 
much streaked with dusky. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 1173873, U.S.N.M.; Chester, 
South Carolina, December 7, 1889; L. M. Loomis.—Like the summer 
female, but paler and more ochraceous above; black areas much 
obscured; throat paler yellow, breast heavily marked with dusky; 
sides more deeply tinged with cinnamomeous. 

Young in first plumage.—No. 162497, U.S.N.M.; Port Clinton, 
Ohio, July 10, 1893; E. M. Hasbrouck.—Above very dark brownish 
black, anteriorly with streaks, posteriorly bars of ochraceous, and 
spots of buffy white and ochraceous; wings sepia, margined with buffy 
white and ochraceous; tail sepia, edged exteriorly with ochraceous 


No. 1271, REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 827 


and buffy white; an ill-defined superciliary stripe dull white; throat 
white with slight yellowish tinge; Jugulum and upper breast buff, 
spotted and streaked with sepia; sides of body buffy, streaked with 
sepia; rest of under surface white with a faint buffy wash. 

Otocoris alpestris praticola resembles O. a. arcticola ut is consid- 
erably smaller; more brownish above, the cervix, upper tail-coverts 
and bend of wing more cinnamomeous; the throat pale yellow. From 
alpestris, praticola differs in its smaller size, more grayish and pinkish 
coloration and white eyebrow. It is distinguishable from /oyf/ by 
smaller size, more grayish and pinkish color above. 

The young of praticola are very dark, much more so than even 
alpestris or hoyti, and are also everywhere much less tinged with 
yellowish than either. This is of course only the average condition, 
for within the great range of individual variation may be found speci- 
mens which very closely approach hoyt/, both above and below, while 
the very dark, almost black upper parts of some examples exhibit 
fully as much individual divergence as do the adults. 

This race is quite uniform over its entire range, the chief variations 
being individual. Breeding specimens from Strong, Kansas, are very 
dark and very brownish, both on the back and nape, and can be well 
matched by far eastern examples. Three spring birds from Sallisaw, 
Indian Territory, together with a winter specimen from Gainesville, 
Texas, and one from London, Nebraska, incline shghtly toward /euco- 
/ema in the paleness of the anterior upper parts, but they possibly do 
not represent the breeding birds of their respective localities. A 
female from Boggy Creek, Manitoba, shows a decided approach to 
enthymia in the paler, less buffy shade of the light portions of the 
upper surface, as well as in the somewhat more grayish color of the 
dark areas; and another female from Carberry, Manitoba, is even more 
decidedly intermediate, although, so far as it is possible to judge from 
the single specimen, is nearer the present form. Similar remarks 
apply to an adult male from St. Vincent, northwestern Minnesota. 
Examples from Elk River, Minnesota, are less deeply brown on the 
interscapular region than the majority of those from the more eastern 
States, but aside from this are not conspicuously different. An adult 
female from Towner County, North Dakota, taken on May 20, 1896, is 
undoubtedly praticola, although taken at what surely should be the 
breeding season in this, the home of enthymia. Dr. Bishop probably 
advances the correct explanation in suggesting it to bea barren female, 
as its presence so far from its own breeding grounds seems hardly to be 
explained on any other hypothesis. The exact transition area between 
praticola andalpestr/s is not now definitely determinable, though infer- 
entially known to be probably somewhat circumscribed, but speci- 
mens in all degrees of intergradation occur to cause trouble in 
identification throughout at least portions of the winter range of 


828 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV, 


pravicola, pane in Sonn avon Gina ed Neesaae The west- 
ern limit of its winter wanderings is shown by a typical male from 
Fort Verde, Arizona. 

Individuals vary much in the shade and intensity of the color of the 
nape, rump and bend of the wing, these differences also conspicuous on 
all the light areas of the upper parts. The eyebrow is usually white, 
though occasionally tinged with yellow; the throat, on the other hand, 
is rarely without at least a trace of this color. 

Specimens to the number of 410 have been available for examina- 
tion, these coming from the following localities, breeding records being 


marked by an asterisk: 

Arizona.—Fort Verde. 

Colorado.— Denver. 

District of Columbia.—Washington. 

[ilino’s. Chicago; * Calumet; * Richland County; * Mount pabeee = 
Riverdale; * West Northfield; * Sugar Creek Prairie;* Waukegat 
Mason County; Jacksonville; Noble.* 

Indiana.—I\ndianapolis; Lake County.* 

Indian Territory.—Sallisaw; Boggy River. 

Towa. —lowa City; Sioux City; * Des Moines; Delaware Township, 
Polk County; * Johnson County; Decorah. 

Kansas.—Big Blue River; * Turkey Creek; * Strong; * Manhattan. * 

Kentuchy.—Lexington. 

Michigan.—Ann Arbor;* Detroit; Cadillac.* 

Minnesota.—¥ ort Snelling; * Elk River; * Zumbrota; Round Lake; 
Saint Vincent.* 

Missouri.—* State of Missouri”; * Carthage. 

Nebraska.—WLondon; Omaha; Wood River. 

New York. Wocust Grove; HOOspersy Syracuse; * Glasco, Ulster 
County; * Peterboro; * Sacket Harbor; * Moose River, Lewis County; 
Kenwood, Madison County; * Onedia County.* 

North Carolina.—Raleigh. 

North Dakota.—Towner County. 

Ohio.—Port Clinton; * Wooster.* 

Pennsylwania.—Erie;* Tidioute; Chester County; Athens. * 

South Carolina.—Chester. 

Texas.—San Antonio; Gainesville; Cook County; Dallas. 

Virginia.—Arlington. 

Wisconsin.—Green Bay;* Dane County;* Milwaukee; * * Racine;* 
Palmyra;* Grand Rapids; Camp Douglas.* 

Labrador.—Chateau Bay.* 

Manitoba.—Carberry;* Rat Pores: Boggy Creek, Big Plain. 

Ontario.—W indsor; Ottawa;* Lorne Park, Peel County;* Kings- 
ton;* Bracebridge; Toronto.* 

(Quebec. —Gatineau Point. * 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 329 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS DIAPHORA, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris a. praticola, but smaller, the back 
less blackish, more ochraceous. 

Measurements (7 mates).—W ing, 96.5-103 (average, 99.4) mm.; tail, 
64.5-70.5 (average, 67.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 11-12 (average, 11.3) 
mm.; tarsus, 21—22.5 (average, 21.7) mm.; middle toe, 11-12 (average, 
11.4) mm. 

Type locality.—Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, southern Tamaulipas, Mex- 
ico, south to Hidalgo; in winter (casually 4) to Oaxaca. 

Description.—Type, adult male in breeding plumage, No. 158830, 
U.S.N.M., Biological Survey Collection; Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, 
Mexico, June 8, 1898; E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Back, 
rump and wings dusky brown, all the feathers margined with paler, 
the bend of the wing dark vinaceous cinnamon; occiput, cervix and 
upper tail-coverts dull pinkish vinaceous with a slight cinnamon tinge, 
the longest tail-coverts brownish; tail brownish black, excepting the 
middle feathers, which are rather light brown, the outermost pair of 
rectrices distally margined on exterior webs with dull white; forehead, 
superciliary stripe and auriculars white; crown, ‘‘ horns,” lores and 
cheeks black; sides of neck and breast like the cervix; thighs and 
streaks on sides and flanks pale brownish; chin and throat deep prim- 
rose yellow; jugular crescent black; remainder of lower parts white. 

Adult female in brecding plumage.—No. 158828, U.S.N.M., Bio- 
logical Survey Collection; Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico, June 9, 
1898; EK. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Upper surface dusky 
brown, more blackish on the back; the feathers all edged with buffy, 
this deepest on nape and upper tail-coverts, where it occupies the 
greater portion of the feathers; tail brownish black, the middle pair 
of feathers dusky brown, the terminal two-thirds of outer webs of 
outermost pair margined with white; wings dusky brown, edged with 
paler, the lesser and median coverts pale cinnamon; superciliary 
stripe dull white; auriculars and subocular region brownish gray; 
sides of neck and breast pinkish buff, this color also tinging the sides 
and flanks, which are slightly streaked with dusky; chin and throat 
primrose yellow; Jugular crescent black, though smaller than in the 
male; rest of the under surface dull white. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 144955, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey Collection; Tamazulapam, Oaxaca, Mexico, November 14, 1894; 
EK. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Like the breeding plumage, but the 
colors above softer and more blended, the nape more pinkish, though 
this color is almost entirely obscured by the brownish edging of the 
feathers; bend of wing and upper tail-coverts more pinkish; breast 
somewhat streaked with dusky; forehead and superciliary primrose 


830 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


yellow instead of almost white; throat of deeper yellow; all the black 
areas more or less varied by brownish tips to the feathers. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 144971, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey Collection; Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico, March 10, 1891; 
C. P. Streator. Similar to the same sex in breeding dress, but upper 
surface rendered more uniform by the broad unabraded paler edgings 
of the feathers; rump and bend of wing darker; forehead, super- 
ciliary stripe, and in fact most of the head more or less tinged with 
yellowish; throat deeper yellow; black of jugulum obscured by grayish 
tips of the feathers; breast washed and streaked with gray. 

Young in first plumage.—No. 158831, U.S.N.M., Biological Survey 
Collection; Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico, June 9, 1898; EK. W. 
Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Above dull buffy grayish, every feather 
with a subterminal black area and a white apical spot, these largest on 
the back; tail as in the adult; wings sepia, edged with whitish and 
buffy; auriculars mixed grayish and whitish; lower surface white, the 
jugulum shaded with buff and obscurely spotted with grayish. 

This form is throughout paler than chrysolema, with a more pinkish 
cervix, besides being considerably smaller. It differs from aphrasta 
in being much less cinnamomeous above, the back quite blackish, and 
in sharp contrast to the nape; from activa and caxacw in paler, much 
more pinkish and grayish colors above; from ammophila in more 
grayish back, much more pinkish cervix, upper tail-coverts and bend 
of wing; from occidentalis in smaller size and less rufescent upper sur- 
face; from Jeucolema in smaller size, darker, less ochraceous upper 
parts and usually brighter yellow throat; from enthymza in yellow 
throat, smaller size, much darker, more brownish upper surface; from 
giraudi in the very much more brownish tone of the upper surface. 
In fact, déaphora seems to be in color most like praticola, from which, 
however, it may be separated by its less blackish back; being, more- 
over, decidedly smaller. 

The young of daphora can, by their very gray upper parts, be 
vasily distinguished from the young of actia, oarace, adusta, and 
aphrasta; and from merrill: and praticola the pale grayish instead of 
blackish tone of the upper surface almost as widely separates them. 
They are exceedingly close to enthymia, however, as well as to 
leucolema, though they average somewhat more grayish above than 
the latter. 

The specimens upon which this new form is based are breeding 
birds from Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico, and since it seems im- 
possible to reconcile their characters with any of the other races, it 
becomes necessary to give them a subspecific name. One of the 
males is uniformly more cinnamomeous above than the others, thus 
verging slightly toward the appearance of aphrasta; but aside from 
this there seems to be in this series no individual differences worthy of 
mention. 


No, 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 831 


Birds from the St ite of Hidalgo average , larger and rather darker, 
an approach to chrysolema,; and though two spring examples on 
Irolo, Hidalgo, resemble chrysolema very closely, others from the 
same locality are sufliciently near d/aphora to indicate the proper 
reference of all to that form. This race probably does not wander 
far in winter, and possibly is resident except for an occasional 
stragegler. At least such would appear to be the case, for out of a 
large series of winter birds from the State of Mexico none are refer- 
able here. A November male, however, taken at Tamazulapam, in 
northern Oaxaca, seems without much dene to belong to diaphora, 
as it is altogether too pale and too pinkish for any of the other forms 
of the region. 

Fourteen specimens have been examined, from the following localities: 

Tamaulipas.—Miquibuana.* 

[Tidalgo.—Ivolo;* Tula;* Pachuca;* Real dei Monte.* 

Oavaca.—Tamazulapam. 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS GIRAUDI Henshaw. 


Otocorys alpestris giraudi Hensuaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 266. 
Otocoris alpestris giraudi Dwicur, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 145.—Rrpe@way, Man. 
N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 349. 

Chars. subsp.—Like Otocoris a. diaphora, but smaller, the upper 
surface decidedly more grayish. 

Measurements (15 males).—Wing, 92-102 (average, 96.8) mm.; tail, 
56.5-66 (average, 62.2) mm.; exposed culmen, 9.5-11 (average, 10.5) 
mm.; tarsus, 20.5-22.5 (average, 21.8) mm.; middle toe, 10.5-12 (aver- 
age, 11.1) mm. 

Type locality.—Corpus Christi, Texas. 

Geographical distribution.—Coast region of Texas and northeastern 
Tamaulipas, from Galveston Bay to the mouth of the Rio Grande. 
Apparently resident. 

Description.— Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 128060, 
U.S.N.M.; Galveston, Texas, April 1, 1891; J. A. Singley. ke 
wings and middle pair of tail-feathers fuscous, edged with buffy 
grayish; remamder of tail brownish black, the outer pair of feathers 
margined externally with whitish; occiput, nape, bend of wing and 
superior tail-coverts pinkish cinnamon; crown, horns, lores, cheeks 
and jugulum black; forehead, auriculars, superciliary stripe and sides 
of lower throat yellowish white; chin and throat pale primrose yellow; 
rest of lower parts white, the breast washed with yellow, the sides 
shaded with cinnamon and streaked with dark brown. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 128063, U.S.N.M.; Gal- 
veston, Texas, March 20, 1891; J. A. Singley.—Very similar to the 
male, but nape and occiput dull buff, streaked with fuscous; black of 
head replaced by brown and buffy. 


832 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 6464, Hoopes Collection, Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila.; Brownsville, Texas, October 18, 1896; F. B. Arm- 
strong.—Upper surface quite uniformly but rather obscurely streaked, 
the black forehead and pinkish of the nape almost entirely hidden; 
streaking on chest below the pectoral crescent much more conspicuous 
than in summer, and largely confluent; all the black areas much 
obscured by pale tips to the feathers; the entire plumage, except for 
black or white portions, much more grayish or pinkish than in summer. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 6466, Hoopes Collection, Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila.; Brownsville, Texas, October 238, 1896; F. B. Arm- 
strong.—Similar to the summer female, but everywhere more grayish; 
the streaking above more uniform; the breast below the black marked 
with broad confluent streaks of dusky; all the colored portions, even 
the yellow of the throat, much obscured by the grayish tips of the 
feathers. In this condition the female much resembles the male of 
like season, although very different in summer, when by wear the 
distinctive marks of the male become accentuated. 

Young tn first plumage.—Male, No. 27344, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.; 
Corpus Christi, Texas, June 1, 1891; S. N. Rhoads.—Above buffy 
ochraceous, the feathers with dark brown centers, and spotted termi- 
nally with white or buffy; wings and outer tail feathers margined with 
whitish; superciliary stripe buffy white; lower surface dull white, the 
breast shaded with buffy and spotted with dusky. 

This race is quite similar to praticola, though considerably more 
grayish, rather smaller, and with the yellow of throat usually deeper 
and suffusing also the superciliary stripe. In winter plumage the 
dark streaking on the breast is frequently heavier. It is fully as 
gray above as arcticola, but is of course easily distinguishable by its 
reduced size and yellow of throat and eyebrow. It is so much smaller 
and more grayish than either oyti or alpestris that it does not need 
special comparison. 

The young of this race seem to be, so far as can be judged from the 
limited material examined, much paler and more grayish than the 
young of praticola. From Teucolema, to which they bear more 
resemblance, they seem to differ in somewhat less ochraceous tone of 
the upper parts, though doubtless some specimens would prove very 
nearly if not quite indistinguishable. 

So far as actual specimens go, g/raudi seems to be resident in an 
isolated area on the coast of southeastern Texas, crossing into Mexico 
only at the mouth of the Rio Grande. From the breeding area of 
leucolema, which is geographically the nearest of the northern 
races, it is separated by a distance of at least 8300 miles; but in regions 
not yet satisfactorily explored it possibly intergrades with dzaphora, 
which approaches its range more closely than any other form. This 
last geographical consideration might be suflicient reason for refusing 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 8353 


giraud? specitic rank, even did there not exist internal evidence of 
its imperfect segregation. Some males are difficult to distinguish from 
praticola, while the females are occasionally, except for size, just like 
the corresponding sex of arcticola. Furthermore, there occur speci- 
mens of g/raudi which can be closely matched by birds from Quincy, 
California, intermediates between leucolwma and. merrilli. 

As above indicated, Ofocoris a. giraud/, though an excellent sub- 
species, exhibits considerable individual variation, being sometimes 
quite brownish above, particularly on the anterior portions. In some 
specimens all the yellow parts are of a deep shade, while in others 
the throat is very pale and the superciliary stripe and auriculars 
almost white. There is frequently no yellow on the breast below the 
black jugular patch, even in males. The thighs are usually deep buff, 
tinged or not with clear yellow. 

Eighty-two specimens have been examined, these representing the 
following localities, breeding records marked by an asterisk: 

Tevas.—Point Isabel *; Brownsville *; Refugio; Galveston *; Padre 
Island; Corpus Christi*; Nueces County; Rockport; Cameron County *; 
Matagorda Island; Port Lavaca; Indianola; Refugio County *. 

Tamaulipas.—Bagdad. 


CTOCORIS ALPESTRIS MERRILLI Dwight. 


Otocorys alpestris arenicola Hensuaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 529 (part). 
Otocoris alpestris merruli Dwiaur, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 153.—Ripa@way, Man. 
N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 599. 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris a. giraud/, but considerably larger, 
the back more blackish, the nape darker, more rufescent. 

Measurements (15 matles).— Wing, 98.5-106 (average, 102.9) mm.; 
tail, 64-72 (average, 69) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-12.5 (average, 11) 
mm.; tarsus, 20.5-22.5 (average, 21.6) mm.; middle toe, 11-12 (aver-_ 
age, 11.5) mm. 

Type locality.—Fort Klamath, Oregon. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, northwestern United States, 
and southern British Columbia, from northeastern California and north- 
western Nevada, northward through Oregon and Washington east of 
the Cascade Mountains to British Columbia and extreme northern 
Idaho; in winter south to central California. , 

Description.— Adult male in breeding plumage.—Type, No. 19516, 
collection of William Brewster; Fort Klamath, Oregon, July 1, 1887; 
Dr. J. C. Merrill.—Above dull sepia, somewhat:streaked with whitish; 
occiput, nape, bend of wing, sides of neck and breast together with 
upper tail-coverts pinkish cinnamon, rather paler on the last mentioned; 
two central tail-feathers light brown; the rest black, the outer ones 
edged externally with white. Fore part of crown, horns, nasal plumes, 


Procan> MM yok -xxiv—01——-53 


834 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV, 


lores, subocular region, fore part of auriculars and jugular crescent 
black; forehead, superciliary stripe and posterior portion of auriculars 
pale yellowish, the last tinged with brownish; throat naples yellow; 
remainder of lower parts dull white. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 19538, collection of William 
Brewster; Fort Klamath, Oregon, May 23,1887; Dr. J. C. Merrill.— 
Above sepia, the feathers with buffy whitish edgings, these most 
numerous on cervix; crown streaked with pale brown; bend of wing 
and upper tail-coverts pinkish cinnamon; no black on head, that of 
the male replaced by brownish; superciliary stripe dull white; throat 
pale yellow; rest of under surface dull white, the sides tinged with 
cinnamon and streaked with dark brown. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 88358, U.S.N.M.; Fort Walla 
Walla, Washington, February 4, 1882; C. E. Bendire.—Similar to 
the breeding male, but upper parts duller, more uniform and more 
ochraceous in cast, the nape scarcely showing its pinkish color; all 
black areas somewhat obscured; yellow of throat rather deeper; 
streaks on breast more conspicuous; sides more heavily. washed with 
brownish. . 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 89560, U.S.N.M.; Fort 
Klamath, Oregon, October 2, 1882; C. E. Bendire.—Resembling the 
summer dress of female, but paler, more uniform, and more ochra- 
ceous above, all the black areas much obscured; yellow of throat paler; 
breast and sides more heavily washed with brownish and buffy. 

Young in first plumage.—Male, No. 19524, collection of William 
Brewster; Fort Klamath, Oregon, July 1, 1887; Dr. J. C. Merrill.— 
Above sepia, spotted, with white, these markings more transverse 
posteriorly; wings brown, edged with whitish and buffy; tail dark 
brown, the central feathers paler, all tipped and the outer ones mar- 
gined externally with white; sides of head sepia mixed with whitish; 
lower parts white, the breast with markings of dusky. 

Notwithstanding its geographical position, the present form is appar- 
ently more closely allied to praticola than to any of the others. In 
size it is practically the same and in color it differs only in the darker 
upper surface—particularly the back, which is more blackish—and in 
the usually yellow eyebrow. Birds occur, however, principally in 
areas of inosculation with /evcolwma, which with difficulty could be 
distinguished from some examples of praticola. Compared with arct?- 
cola, whose range probably meets that of merr///7 somewhere in British 
Columbia, the latter is much smaller, darker above, with the throat at 
least, the eyebrow frequently, tinged with yellow. From both a/pestris 
and hoyti its lesser size and blackish back furnish easy means of sepa- 
ration. 

The young of merri//i are not with certainty distinguishable from 
specimens of praticola of the same age. The specimen described by 


NO. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 835 


Dr. Dwight' as typical of the young of this race is much more grayish 
above than any of the others we have examined. 

The northernmost records of merri//i are Ashcroft and Kamloops, 
British Columbia, and these specimens are practically identical with 
the type. To the eastward its range includes northern and western 
Idaho. An August bird from Post Falls, Idaho, is duller and browner 
above than typical specimens, yet showing no decided approach to 
leucolema. Breeding examples from Steens Mountains in southern 
Oregon have the lighter portions of the upper surface considerably 
suffused with reddish, and the back is more brownish black than 
ordinary birds, thus strongly resembling strégata in color, though sut- 
ficiently different in size. Birds from Fort Harney, Oregon, are quite 
similar to those from the Steens Mountains. A male from Mountain 
City, Nevada, shows an approach to /ewcolw@ma in the color above, but 
is decidedly merrill. This determines the ranges of these two forms 
at this point to be less than 100 miles apart, /evcolwma being the 
horned lark breeding at Elko. Breeding birds from Fort Crook and 
Madelin Plains, California, are practically typical merrz//7. 

Summer specimens from the vicinity of Carson and Pyramid Lake, 
Nevada, are noticeably paler than typical merri//7, thus being exceed- 
ingly similar to praticola, to which form Dr. Dwight has referred the 
birds from Carson.” The males are practically indistinguishable, either 
in size or color, from praticola, but the females average somewhat 
paler. This difference is so slight, however, that were the birds from 
an area contiguous to the region inhabited by praticola, they would 
unhesitatingly be considered as belonging to that race; but geograph- 
ically situated as they are, practically between the ranges of /ewcol@ma 
and merri//7, it seems much more rational to consider them intermedi- 
ates between these forms, and as such to refer them to the one which 
they seem more closely to resemble. The only alternatives are to rec- 
ognize them by name, which does not seem advisable in view of their 
practical identity with praticola, or to call them praticola, with expla- 
nation of the divided range thus assigned to the latter. Quite similar 
are a few birds from Quincy, California, though darker above, and 
with the yellow on head and throat very bright, usually also appearing 
below the black jugular patch, in one male lightly suffusing the entire 
lower surface. Very puzzling indeed are three specimens—an adult 
female in molt, with two young in first plumage—from Summit, Nevada 
County, California, all taken by Mr. Belding on August 16, 1885. 
One of the immature birds was identified by Dr. Dwight as merri///; 
the other he called strigata; while the female was considered by him 
to be an intermediate between merri//i and strigata. The incongruity 
of these determinations is at once manifest, for the two young were 


836 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


sessing portions of her worn breeding plumage, had evidently reared 
her brood not far away, and was even not impossibly the parent of 
these two young. But it is perhaps easier to say what these three 
birds are not than to determine what they really are. They are alto- 
gether too dark for /ewcolwma or actia, and therefore can not be 
referred to either of these forms. The young birds very closely 
resemble merr///7, and are thus altogether too grayish to be rubea. 
The adult female, however, though showing some tendency toward 
merrilli in the pinkish tinge to the upper tail-coverts and bend of the 
wing, as well as in the rather darker color of the back, is otherwise so 
rufescent and moreover so small that it seems scarcely to be disposed 
of satisfactorily by reference to that form. A breeding male from 
the same vicinity, however, is quite the same as specimens of stv/gata 
from the coast region of Oregon and Washington; and a sufficient 
series would undoubtedly prove all the birds from about Lake Tahoe 
to be of the same kind. We have thus here a curiously complicated 
condition: True merril/i from northeastern California produces, by 
infusion of 7uwhea and actia on the summit of the Sierra Nevada in 
California, a bird apparently just like str7gata,; while over on the east 
slope of the same range, only a short distance away, by intergradation 
with /ewcolema, it becomes indistinguishable from praticola. 

During the winter merri//i ranges southward in California as far as 
the latitude of San Francisco Bay, and in Nevada probably to at least 
the central portion of the State. 

Specimens vary considerably in the shade of the nape, in the clear- 
ness of color on the black dorsal area, as well as in the intensity and 
distribution of the yellow which sometimes, particularly in winter, is 
very bright and suffuses the entire head, tinging also even the lower 
surface posterior to the black jugular area, as in str¢gata. 

Ninety-six specimens examined, from the following localities: 

Cali fornia.—Montague;* Vinton, Sierra Valley;* Tule Lake;* Fort 
Crook;* Mount Shasta; Gridley; Marysville; Stockton; Beber;* Bald 
Mountain, Shasta County; Madelin Plains;* Enterprise; Quincy; 
Summit (Donner).* 

Idaho.—Post Falls.* 

Montana.—Vobacco Plains.* 

Nevada.—Mountain City;* Carson;* Washoe Lake;* Pyramid 
Lake.* 

Oregon.—Camp Harney; Wapinitia;* Heppner;* Steens Mountains;* 
Rock Creek;* Antelope;* Grand Ronde Valley;* Christmas Lake;* 
Willows Junction;* Barren Valley; Detroit; The Dalles; Fort 
Klamath. * 

Washington.—Spokane Falls;* Fort Walla Walla; Touchet; Sunny- 
side. * 

British Columbia.—Chilliwack; Kamloops;* Oosoyos; Asheroft;* 
Sumas Lake. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 837 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS STRIGATA Henshaw. 
Otocorys alpestris strigata HensHaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 267. 
Otocoris alpestris strigata Dwicut, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 151 (part).—Rroe- 
way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 349. 

Chars. subsp.—Quite similar to Otocoris a. merrill, but smaller; 
less grayish above and more yellowish below. 

Measurements (14 males).—-Wing, 96-101 (ayerage, 98) mm.; tail, 
61.5-68.5 (average, 65.8) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-12.5 (average, 11.3) 
mm.; tarsus, 19.5-22 (average, 20.8) mm.; middle toe, 10.5-12.5 
(average, 11.4) mm. 

Type locality. —Fort Steilacoom, Washington. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer the States of Oregon and 
Washington west of the Cascade Mountains; in winter to eastern 
Oregon and Washington, south to northern California. 

Description.— Adult male in breeding plumage.—Type No. 873 
U.S.N.M.: Fort Steilacoom. Washington, April 15, 1856; Dr. George 
Suckley. Back and scapulars dull black, the feathers edged with buffy 
and ochraceous, imparting a streaked appearance; occiput and nape 
deep cinnamon rufous; bend of wing and upper tail-coverts the same 
but rather paler; two central tail feathers dark brown, edged with 
paler, the remainder of tail brownish black, the outer pair of feathers 
margined externally with white; wings fuscous, edged with buffy and 
ochraceous; forepart of crown, horns, lores, cheeks and jugulum black; 
forehead, superciliary stripe and throat primrose yellow; sides of body 
heavily washed with cinnamomeous, and streaked with brown; rest of 
lower parts dull white, washed with yellow, most conspicuously on 
anterior portions. 


No. 8733, UZSIN.M.; “Kort 
Steilacoom, Washington, March 20, 1856; Dr. George Suckley. Very 
similar to the adult male, but black of head mixed with brownish; occi- 
put and nape cinnamon buff, streaked with dark brown; yellow of 
under surface paler; breast narrowly streaked with dusky. 

No. 139899, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey collection; Colton, Washington, August 24, 1895; A. H. 
Howell. Similar to the summer plumage, but upper parts duller and 
more uniform, owing to the brownish tips to the feathers; nape paler 
cinnamomeous, but this color almost entirely hidden; crown, cervix 
and sides of neck with considerable yellowish suffusion; all the black 
areas obscured by yellowish; yellow of superciliary, throat and lower 
surface much deeper; sides more washed with brownish; breast with 
considerable dusky marking. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 103587, U.S.N.M.; Albany, 
Oregon, January 22, 1881; H. W. Henshaw. Similar to the summer 
dress, but duller and more uniform above, the general effect darker; 
yellow areas rather more deeply colored; breast heavily marked with 
dusky. 


Adult female in breeding plumage. 


Adult male in winter plumage. 
1 g 


838 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Young in first plumage.—* 2 jue. (No. 5080, collection of G. 5S. 
Miller, Jr., Salem, Marion Co., Oregon, June 29, 1890; Allen Rhodes 
collector): Plumage of dorsal surface seal brown, the feathers every- 
where edged with ochraceous-bufl, which color is most conspicuous 
on the upper tail-coverts, rump, cervix, remiges and wing-coyerts; 
interscapulars, scapulars and some of the tertials and wing-coverts 
tipped with dirty white; rectrices slightly darker than remiges and 
general dorsal surface, the outer pair tipped and edged externally 
with dirty white, the inner pair much suffused with ochraceous-buff; 
ventral surface pure white; chin and throat slightly marked with 
dusky; jugulum, sides, and flanks ochraceous-buff, flecked, especially 
on the jugulum, with obscure brownish; cheeks, lores and forehead 
mixed brown and whitish.” ' 

This race differs from merr///i in much smaller size, deeper and 
more extended yellow suffusion below, and in the decidedly more 
brownish color of the upper parts. In autumn and winter, when 
merrilli is often brownish above and shows sometimes as much yellow 
below as sér/gata, size is the best means of identification. In color it 
much resembles «/pestr/s, but in summer the back is more blackish, in 
winter the yellow suffusion is more extensive, while its smaller size 
will of course distinguish it at all seasons. It differs from /oyti as 
from alpestr/s, with the additional character of a deep yellow eyebrow. 

According to Mr. Miller,’ the young of this race most closely resem- 
ble those of praticola, and in fact are apparently the same except for 
the brighter hue of the buffy portions of the plumage. Compared 
with the young of merril/i, they are said to be considerably more 
ochraceous. 

This form of Otocor/s occupies, during the breeding season, the 
narrow strip of country west of the Cascade Mountains in Washington 
and northern Oregon, reaching farther eastward only through the 
valley of the Columbia River. There seems to be no evidence to sup- 
port the inclusion of British Columbia in its range, for all the horned 
larks from that region examined have proved to ie merrill, Breed- 
ing specimens from both sides of the Columbia River in the vicinity 
of The Dalles, Oregon, approach merr7//7, but are smaller and less 
grayish than that form, seeming thus, without doubt, referable to the 
present race. In winter str7gata moves both east and south—in the 
former direction as far as eastern Washington and north central Ore- 
gon; in the latter apparently as far as San Francisco, California, but 
specimens taken at this place usually seem more or less intermedi- 
ate between stv7gata and actia, and may have come from the Sierra 
Nevada near Summit, California.” Dr. Dwight’s statement‘ that 
strigata is resident seems, however, to naan some modification. 


Miller, che V Tite 1891, p. 314. igee page 63 5, under O. a. merrilli. 
2 Auk, VIII, 1891, p. 314. - * Auk, VII, 1890, p. 152. 


no.1271. . REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 839 


There is much variation in the amount and intensity of the yellow in 
this race, which color is seemingly seldom, if ever, wholly lacking in 
either sex. In the males it is usually present to a greater or less 
degree on the breast, often tinging the remainder of the lower surface 
in worn as well as unworn plumage. The shade of the nape is also 
quite variable, even in birds of similar season from the same locality. 

Twenty-eight specimens have been examined, from the subjoined 
localities: 

California.—Red Bluff; San Francisco. 

Oregon.—Umatilla; The Dalles;* Forest Grove;* Albany; McCoy; 
Salem;* Corvallis. * 

Washington.—South Tacoma;* Colton; Ridgefield;* Fort Steila- 
coom;* Hillhurst;* Rockland;* North Dalles;* Shoalwater Bay.* 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS INSULARIS Townsend. 


Otocoris alpestris strigata Dwiaut, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 151-152 (part). 


Otocoris alpestris insularis TOWNSEND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 140.— 
Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d. ed., 1896, p. 599. 

Chars. subsp.—Like Otocoris a. strigata, but darker, somewhat. less 
ochraceous above, less yellowish on breast and abdomen. 

Measurements (15 males).—Wing, 95-101 (average, 97.1) mm.; tail, 
60-68 (average, 64.4) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-13 (average, 11.3) mm. ; 
tarsus, 21-23 (average, 22) mm.; middle toe, 11-13 (average, 11.9) mm. 

Type locality. —San Clemente Island, California. 

Geographical distribution.—Vhe Santa Barbara Islands, California. 
Apparently resident. 

Description.— Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 117652, 
U.S.N.M.; San Clemente Island, California, May 8, 1888; C. H. 
Townsend. —Back, wings and two middle tail-feathers sepia, edged 
with buffy and ochraceous; rest of tail brownish black, the outer pair 
of feathers margined exteriorly with white; occiput, cervix, bend of 
wing and upper tail-coverts deep cinnamon rufous; crown, horns, 
lores, cheeks and jugulum black; forehead, superciliary stripe, auric- 
ulars, chin and throat pale yellow; rest of lower surface white, the 
sides and flanks tinged with cinnamomeous and streaked with dusky. 

Adult female m breeding plumage.—No. 139946, U.S.N.M., Bio- 
logical Survey Collection; San Miguel Island, California, June 24, 
1892; C. P. Streator.—Similar to the male, but cervix, occiput and 
upper tail-coverts pale cinnamon, the two first streaked with fuscous; 
bend of wing less deeply and less extensively cinnamon rufous; black 
of top and sides of head replaced by dark brown mixed with buffy; 
yellow of throat and head rather paler; breast washed with cinnamon. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 134809, U.S.N.M.; San 
Clemente Island, California, August 28, 1894; Dr. Edgar A. Mearns.— 
Like the summer male, but upper surface rather paler and more 


840 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


uniform, owing to the blending effect of light edgings of the feathers; 
cervix, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts paler and more pinkish; 
black areas obscured; yellow of head and throat deeper; breast heavily 
streaked with dusky and cinnamomeous. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 1384813, U.S.N.M.; San 
Clemente Island, California, August 28, 1894; Dr. Edgar A. Mearns.— 
Similar to the breeding dress, but upper parts paler and more uniform; 
the yellow of head and throat deeper; the black areas obscured by 
lighter; the breast tinged with cinnamon and heavily streaked with 
dusky. 

Young in first plumage.—Male, No. 47, collection of F. S. Daggett; 
Santa Barbara Island, California, May 14, 1897.—Upper parts warm 
bistre, paler on the head, where spotted with darker brown and with 
buffy; hind neck much mixed with buffy; back and scapulars spotted 
terminally with buffy white; rump deep ochraceous, somewhat mixed 
with dark brown; tail clove brown, excepting the two central feathers, 
which are lighter and rufescent. Wings broadly edged externally 
with ochraceous, most of the coverts tipped with whitish. Superciliary 
stripe and ocular region dull yellowish white; cheeks light grayish 
brown; jugulum and upper breast dull ochraceous, with spots of 
dusky; remainder of lower surface dull white with a decided wash of 
yellowish. 

Notwithstanding Dr. Dwight’s statement! that he could not distin- 
guish the Santa Barbara Islands birds from str7gata, they constitute an 
easily recognizable race which, though curiously enough most closely 
allied to strigata, yet differs in the darker color above, particularly on 
cervix and bend of the wing; inthe more grayish tone of the back and 
scapulars; the absence of yellow on the breast; and the much more 
conspicuous streaking on this part. All these characters, with the 
exception of the color of the cervix and bend of wing, are much 
more striking in autumn and winter than in summer. At the 
former seasons the yellow suffusion on the occiput and cervix of strigata 
is quite marked, this being an additional point of difference between 
the two races. From merr7l/7 the island bird differs in smaller size 
and much more reddish coloration; while from. acta of the adjacent 
mainland it may be separated by its conspicuously darker coloration 
throughout. 

The young of 7nsul/aris, which appear here to be described for the 
first time, are, when due allowance has been made for the very con- 
siderable range of individual difference, much darker, and, particularly 
on the wings, somewhat less ochraceous above than the young of act/a; 
the breast is usually more dingy, and the remainder of the lower sur- 
face is washed with dull yellowish instead of being nearly pure white. 
Compared with a limited series of the young of merrill7, they are 


‘Auk, VI, 1890, p. 152. 


No. 1271. REV = W OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 841 


lighter, more oc hraceous on n the upper ps arts : as W welll a as across the bre saat, 
and on the abdomen dull yellowish or buffy tinged instead of soiled 
white. 

Birds from the islands of San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz, 
as compared with those from the more southern islands, appear to 
average slightly darker above, both on the nape and back, but this 
difference is too slight and inconstant to be worthy of more than pass- 
ing notice. These dark birds represent the maximum differentiation of 
msularis, While the birds with rather paler napes and more brownish, 
less blackish backs, carried to apparently the greatest extreme on 
Santa Catalina Island. incline toward «et/a, and indicate the main- 
land origin of this insular form. That ¢nsularis should have been 
differentiated toward strigata is, however, an interesting case of par- 
allel development. By reason of the evident approach to actia from 
island to island, which would in a continental distribution culminate in 
complete inosculation, and the noticeable resemblance to str7gata, it 
seems advisable to consider ¢nsularis as a subspecies in spite of its 
island habitat. 

The amount of individual variation in 77su/ar7s is great, even in 
birds from the same island, and consists chiefly in the shade of the 
upper parts. The vellow about the head and on the throat varies con- 
siderably in its intensity, and not infrequently tinges the breast below 
the jugular crescent, although, in so far at least as present material 
indicates, never suffuses the entire lower surface. The feathers of the 
tibia are often even quite strongly tinged with yellow. 

One of the males from San Nicolas Island exhibits a curious mal- 
formation of the bill. The maxilla is apparently of normal shape and 
size, but the mandible is almost twice as long as it should be, besides 
being curved shar ply downward, and considerably deflected to the right. 

Seventy-two specimens have been examined, all from the following 
islands of the Santa Barbara group: 

California.—San Clemente Island; * Santa Cruz is * San Micuel 
Island;* Santa Rosa Island;* Santa Barbara Island;* San Nicolas 
Island;* Santa Catalina Island.* 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS PEREGRINA (Sclater). 


Otocorys peregrina ScLaterR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, p. 110, pl. c.—SHarpe, 
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 547. 

Otocoris alpestris chrysolema Dwicnt, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 149-150 (part). 

Otocorys alpestris var. peregrina Dunois, Synopsis Avium, Pt. 7, 1901, p. 452. 


ilar to Otocoris a. insularis, but very much 


Chars. subsp. 
smaller. 

Measurements (one male).—W ing, 92; tail, 63; exposed culmen, 10.5; 
tarsus, 21.5; middle toe, 11.5 mm. 

Type locality.— Bogota, Colombia. 


842 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Geographical distribution.—V icinity of Bogota, Colombia. | Evi- 
dently resident. 

Description.—Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 24939, U.S.N.M.; 
Bogota, Colombia; L. de Geofroy. Back dull dark brown, irregularly 
streaked with ochraceous and buffy; wings and two middle tail-feathers 
fuscous, margined with ochraceous and reddish cinnamon; rest of tail 
brownish black, the outer pair of feathers margined externally with 
buffy white; bend of wing dark pinkish vinaceous; occiput, cervix 
and upper tail-coverts pinkish vinaceous, much streaked, and overlaid 
with brownish; fore part of crown, horns, lores, cheeks and jugulum 
black, more or less obscured by paler tips to the feathers; forehead, 
superciliary stripe, auricular region and throat pale primrose yellow; 
breast heavily shaded and streaked with dusky; sides dull cinnamo- 
meous, streaked with dark brown; rest of lower surface white. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 147326, U.S.N.M.; Bogota, 
Colombia.—Upper surface sepia, streaked with buffy and ochraceous, 
the nape bufty, streaked with dark brown, the shorter upper tail- 
coverts reddish cinnamon; wings and middle tail feathers fuscous, 
margined with buffy and reddish cinnamon; rest of tail brownish 
black, the exterior pair of feathers margined externally with buffy 
white; bend of wing rufous; sides of head mixed brownish, yellowish, 
and buffy; forehead, superciliary stripe and throat pale yellow; jug- 
ulum dull black; breast buffy, streaked with brown; sides of body 
brownish gray, streaked with dark brown; rest of under parts white. 

This race is similar to chrysolema, but considerably smaller and 
more conspicuously streaked below; the cervix and bend of wing 
less pinkish. From oavace it may be distinguished by its much 
darker, less rufescent colors above, heavier streaking below, as well 
as by somewhat smaller size. 

Although not recognized by Dr. Dwight, this form of Ofocoris is 
quite distinct. Notwithstanding that its range is a rather restricted 
one, and that it has no relative geographically nearer than Oaxaca, 
the differences between it and the other races are such as to make a 
trinomial best expressive of its relationship. 

The only specimens that have been seen are from the vicinity of 
Bogota, Colombia. 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS CHRYSOLAEMA (Wagler). 


Alauda chrysolaema WaGuiEr, Isis, 1831, p. 530. 

Otocoris alpestris chrysolema STEINEGER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, p. 34. 

Alauda minor Giraud, Sixteen Species North Amer. Birds, 1841, p. 383 (not of 
Gmelin). 

Otocorys alpestris chrysolema Hrensuaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 260. 

Otocoris alpestris chrysolema Dwicat, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 149 (part).— 
Ripaway, Man. N, Am. Birds, 2d. ed., 1896, p. 349 (part). 


Chars. subsp.—Resembling Otocoris a. peregrina, but larger; lighter 
above, with the nape more pinkish. 


No, 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 


843 


Measurements (15 males).—Wing, 98.5-106.5 (average, 102.9) mm.; 
tail, 64-71.5 (average, 68.8) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-12 (average, 
10.9) mm.; tarsus, 20-23.5 (average, 21.4) mm.; middle toe, 10.5-12 
(average, 11.2) mm. 

Type locality.—* Mexico:” probably the valley of Mexico or vicinity. 

Geographical distribution.—Mexico, from Puebla and central Vera 
Cruz to Zacatecas and eastern Jalisco. Nearly or quite resident. — 

Description. — Adult male in breeding plumage.— No. 71212, 
U.S.N.M.; Valley of Mexico, Mexico. Back, wings and middle tail- 
feathers fuscous, edged with buffy and cinnamon; remainder of tail 
brownish black, the outer pair of feathers margined with white; 
occiput, cervix, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts deep pinkish 
Vinaceous with a cinnamon tinge; crown, horns, lores, cheeks and 
jugulum black; forehead, superciliary stripe, auriculars, chin and 
throat pale yellow, deepest on the two last; rest of lower parts white, 
the sides streaked with pinkish cinnamon 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 145013, U.S.N.M., Bio- 
logical Survey Collection; Atlixco, Puebla, July 26, 1893; E. W. 
Nelson. Resembling the adult male in summer dress, but black of 
crown and sides of head replaced by mixed brown and blackish; occi- 
putand cervix pale cinnamon buff streaked with fuscous; bend of wing 
less extensively pinkish vinaceous; yellow of head and throat some- 
what paler; black area of jugulum smaller. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 145015, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey Collection; Salazar, Mexico, Mexico, October 238, 1892; E. W. 
Nelson. Similar to the summer plumage, but upper surface quite 
uniform, the black of crown and the vinaceous of cervix almost 
entirely obscured by brownish tips to the feathers; yellow of head 
and throat deeper; black jugular crescent obscured by pale yellow and 
buffy; breast heavily streaked with dusky. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 144970, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey Collection; Salazar, Mexico, Mexico, October 24, 1892; E. W. 
Nelson. Like the summer garb, but darker and more uniform above; 
yellow of throat and head deeper; black jugular crescent obscured by 
paler; breast heavily streaked with dusky. 

Otocoris a. chrysolema resembles strigata, but is of larger size and 
more grayish color above, the nape more pinkish, the yellow of throat 
rarely showing below the back pectoral area, and in winter the streaks 
on breast more conspicuous. The present race is even more nearly like 
msularis, from which it differs chiefly in larger size and rather more 
brownish coloration. From merr7/lz it is distinguished by much more 
brownish color above and deeper yellow of throat and eyebrow. 

The earliest name for any of the Mexican horned larks is Alauda 


1 Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 530. 


844 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


specimens on which it was based came probably from the vicinity of 
the Valley of Mexico, and to the race from this region Mr. Nelson has 
lately restricted this name.’ The type of Alauda minor Giraud? is in 
the U. 8. National Museum, and has been carefully examined and 
compared. That it does not belong to the race géraudi is absolutely 
certain, notwithstanding Mr. Henshaw’s statement to the contrary’. 
It agrees with Giraud’s original deseription, but is altogether too 
dark as well as too rufescent for the Texas form, and seems to be 
the same as birds from Puebla and Vera Cruz. The name, however, 
is unavailable in any case, being preoccupied by Alauda minor Gmelin 
(= Anthus trivialis).* The discovery that at least one of Giraud’s 
famous *‘ sixteen species of Texas birds” surely did not come from 
that State is exceedingly interesting and suggestive. This race has no 
other synonyms, since Alauda glacialis of Lichtenstein’ is a nomen 
nudui. 

A number of males from Salazar and the valley of Toluea, both in 
the State of Mexico, have the cervix somewhat more pinkish than 
obtains in most of the specimens of a large series from Ajusco, in the 
same State; the females also, from the first-mentioned localities, appear 
to be duller or less conspicuously ochraceous, although this may be 
largely seasonal. The birds from Tlaxcala, Puebla, and central Vers 
Cruz differ somewhat from those of the State of Mexico in being rather 
smaller, paler and more rufescent on the upper parts. They are thus 
to some extent intermediate between chrysolwma and oaxace, though 
very much nearer the former. If comparison be instituted between 
these specimens and typical acta from California, however, it will be 
at once seen that they are exceedingly similar and, to say the least, 
difficult to distinguish, forming another of those perplexing cases of 
forms reduplicated by apparent intergradation of two or more others. 
To call these acta, or to call them typical chrysolema together with 
all the California birds and rename the race from the State of Mexico, 
or to give them a separate designation, would serve simply to increase 
the difficulty, so the only logical course is to consider them aberrant 
examples of chrysolema. 

While referring to this race a breeding specimen from Silao, Guana- 
juato, it should be stated that in color and size it almost exactly matches 
examples from Tlaxcala, differing thus from birds of the valley of 
Mexico, which occupy an intervening area, and was probably produced 
by the intergradation of true chrysole@ma with aphrasta, plus possibly 
some infusion of déaphora. Two August specimens in fresh plumage, 
one from Mesquitic, Jalisco, the other from Plateado, Zacatecas, 


"Auk, XIV, Jan. 1897, p. 55. 

* Sixteen Species North Amer. Birds, 1841, p. 33. 
* Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 260. 

*Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 798. 

© Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, De 225, NOH Oo: 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. * ED 


apparently also belong here, being much darker than either Hee 
or diaphora. 

This is one of the dark races, particularly in winter. In the deep 
yellow color of the throat and eyebrow chrysolema is very uniform; 
in winter plumage the breast just below the black jugular crescent is 
frequently tinged, though never extensively, with the same. The 
feathers of the tibia, particularly those of the lower portion, are also 
often conspicuously yellow. The upper surface varies much in color, 
in some specimens being very dark, with back and cervix strongly 
contrasted; in others much lighter, the cervix more pinkish in shade, 
the back only inconspicuously Steeseeal and showing a tendency toward 
complete obliteration of the line of demarcation between it and the 
cervix. 

Fifty-seven specimens examined, from the localities given below, 
those marked by an asterisk indicating records of breeding: 

Guanajuato.—Silao.* 

JSalisco.—Mesquitiec. . 

Mexico.—Valley of Mexico;* Ajusco; Salazar; Valley of Toluca; 
Amecameca. 

Pucbla.—Puebla; Atlixco;* San Martin; * Chalchicomula.* 

Tlaxcala.—Apexoco;* Huamantla.* 

Vera Ce DP State: ® Mirador [40 miles west].* 

Zacatecas. —P\ateado. 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS ACTIA, new subspecies. 


Alauda rufa Aupuson, Birds Amer., VII, 1844, p. 353, pl. cccexevii (not of 
Gmelin). 

Otocorys alpestris rubeus Hensuaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 260 (part). 

Olocoris alpestris chrysolema Dwicut, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 149 (part).— 
Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 349 (part). 

Olocoris alpestris palida Dwicur, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 154 (part). 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris a. chrysolema, but upper surface 
paler, more rufescent; yellow of throat and head of not so deep a 
shade. 

Measurements (15 mates).—Wing, 94-102.5 (average, 99.1) mm.; 
tail, 62-70 (average, 65.9) mm.; Sood culmen, 10-12.5 (average, 
11) mm.; tarsus, 20-21.5 etree. 20.8) mn; middle toe, 10.5-12 
(average, 11.5) mm. 

Type loc Jacumba, San Diego County, California. 

Geographical distribution.—Coast region of northern Lower Cali- 
fornia and of southern California north to San Francisco Bay, includ- 
ing the San Joaquin Valley. 

Description.— Adult mate in breeding plumage.—Type, No. 133678, 
U.S.N.M.; Jacumba, San Diego County, California, May 23, 1894; 
Edgar A. Mearns. Back sepia, with a rufous wash, and streaked 
with ochraceous; occiput, cervix, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts 


B46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


pinkish cinnamon rufous; wings and two middle tail-feathers fuscous, 
margined with buff, cinnamon and ochraceous; forepart of crown, 
horns, lores, cheeks and jugulum black; forehead, superciliary stripe, 
auriculars, chin and throat pale yellow; sides of body pale cinnamon 
brownish, streaked with dark brown; rest of under parts white. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 1638477, U.S.N.M.; Santa 
Cruz, California, March 26, 1898; R. C. McGregor. Back and head 
sepia, streaked with buffy wad eonnadeoue nape cinnamon, streaked 
with dark brown; bend of wing and upper tail-coverts cinnamon 
rufous; wings and two middle tail-feathers fuscous, edged with buff 
and ochraceous; rest of tail brownish black, the outer pair of feathers 
margined with dull white; forehead, superciliary stripe, infra-auricular 
region, chin and throat pale yellow; sides of head mixed brownish, 
grayish and buffy; jugulum black; breast washed with cinnamon; 
sides shaded with the same color, and streaked with dark brown; 
remainder of lower surface white. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 184321, U.S.N.M.; San Diego, 
California, September 1, 1894; Dr. Edgar A. Mearne: Suilar to the 
summer male, but duller and less reddish above, the colors more 
blended; nape, occiput, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts more 
pinkish; black areas obscured by grayish or brownish tips; breast 
spotted with dusky. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 134822, U.S.N.M.; San Diego, 
California, September 1, 1894; Dr. Edgar A. Mearns. Resembles the 
summer female, but is darker, duller and more unifor all the 
decided markings toned down; breast heavily washed with buffy and 
conspicuously streaked with dusky. 

Young in first plumage.—No. 133966, U.S.N.M.; last monument 
on Mexican and United States boundary line, at Pacific Ocean, in San 
Diego County, California, July 14, 1894; Frank X. Holzner.—Back 
and head sepia, streaked and spotted with buffy and ochraceous; cervix 
ochraceous, barred with dull rufescent brown; wings and two middle 
tail-feathers fuscous, margined with buffy and ochraceous; rest of tail 
brownish black, the outer pair of feathers edged with white; sides of 
head mixed brownish and buffy; throat y slow ih white, with few spots 
of dusky; breast deep buff, heavily spotted with dusky; sides of body 
shaded with cinnamon buff; rest of under surface dull white. 

This California subspecies may be most readily distinguished from 
true chrysolema of the Valley of Mexico by the much paler yellow of 
the head and throat, in addition to the lighter, more rufescent color 
of the upper surface. It averages smaller, and the cinnamomeous por- 
tions of the plumage have usually less pinkish tinge. The differential 
color characters are, as is quite often the case among the races of Ofo- 
coris alpestris, much more strongly marked in autumn and winter than 
in summer specimens. In this case it is due in a measure to the fact that 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 847 


winter examples of act/a are not so very different from spring birds, 
while those of chrysolema are much darker and more richly colored. 
In size, however, there seems to be quite a substantial difference, as 
may be seen by the accompanying measurements. The deeper yellow 
of the throat and head of chrysolema, while not in spring and summer 
a perfectly constant character, though, however, an excellent average 
one, is very pronounced during the remainder of the year. The dif- 
ference in the pinkish tinge of the two races is perhaps most evident 
on the lesser and median wing-coverts and on the sides of the neck 
and breast. The foregoing remarks are based entirely on the males. 
Autumnal females of acta are decidedly paler and more rufescent on 
the upper surface than corresponding examples of chrysola@ma, and the 
yellow of the throat and head is not so deep. From rubea, with which 
it intergrades in central California, act7a differs in the much more 
pinkish tint of cervix, rump and bend of wing, as well as in its more 
grayish back which is usually in more or less abrupt contrast to the 
color of the nape. Some specimens, particularly fall and winter 
females, are difficult to separate from strégata, but in such doubtful 
cases the less extent and less intensity of the yellow on head and under 
parts, the paler, more buffy tinge above, together with the much less 
blackish back, will generally suffice for identification. From merrill: 
any questionable birds may be distinguished by the more rufescent or 
brownish coloration, combined with smalier size. Compared with 
Mr. Nelson’s vavace it has usually paler yellow on the head and throat, 
and is much less reddish on the back and cervix. It holds thus in color 
an intermediate position between chrysolema and caxace, although 
the former occupies the intermediate geographic area. 

As in the other forms, the young of act¢a show much variation, both 
in depth of color and in the amount of ochraceous suffusion. They 
differ from the young of merrzdz in paler general coloration, in the 
browner, less blackish shade of the dark areas, and in the much more 
ochraceous tint of all the lighter portions of the upper parts. 

Dr. Dwight, in his review of the North American horned larks, con- 
sidered that the birds breeding in the southwestern coast region of 
California, although occupying a disconnected area, were directly 
referable to the Mexican form, Ofocoris a. chrysolema.' Such a con- 
dition, moreover, would not be at all surprising, for similar instances 
are not by any means rare in this genus. Dr. Dwight had only a few 
Mexican specimens, and these seemed to indicate the correctness of 
his conclusion; but since then there has been accumulated a large 
series in the collection of the United States Biological Survey, chiefly 
through the efforts of Mr. E. W. Nelson, which series at last renders 
it possible to separate the California bird, partly on differences men- 
tioned by Dr. Dwight but not by him considered diagnostic. 


1Auk, VII, 1890, p. 150, 


848 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL- MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


The supposed type of Audubon’s Alauda rufa,' with which his plate 
and description agree, has been examined, and belongs evidently to 
the Californian race, rather than to chrysolema proper. This name, 
however, is not available for the form in question, being preoccupied 
by Alauda rufa Gmelin’ (= Anthus rufus). 

A considerable series of breeding horned larks from the vicinity of 
Milton, California—which it will be noticed is only about 20 miles 
east of Stockton, the reputed type locality of 7wbea—and several winter 
specimens from Valley Springs, Calaveras County, California, are 
variously and quite perplexingly intermediate between acta and rubea. 
Some of the specimens from Milton, if examined alone, are apparently 
nearer 7ubea; others from the same place are undoubtedly closer to 
actia,; while still others are intermediate between these two extremes— 
and all breeding in one locality. Taken as a whole, together with those 
from Valley Springs above mentioned, they seem to average rather 
nearer actia. Breeding birds from elsewhere in Calaveras County are 
also to be referred to actia, as apparently must also be a June female 
from Stockton. A single male from Chinese Camp, California, though 
to some extent resembling 7wbea in the ruddiness of the upper parts, 
seems to be nearer the present race; while an example from Fresno, 
California, is quite typical. Thus it appears that the horned lark of 
the San Joaquin Valley is actia—not rubea, as Dr. Dwight surmised 
would prove to be the case.* 

A July specimen from Kernville, California, shows only a slight 
approach to ammophila; but a breeding male from Tehatchapi, Cali- 
fornia, is decidedly intermediate, though nearer acta, being moreover 
curiously similar to adusta. The birds from the western part of the 
Mexican border of California are identical with those of the coast 
region north toward San Francisco; but some specimens from San 
Fernando, Lower California, are slightly paler, yet referable clearly to 
actia, and birds from the vicinity of San Francisco Bay average larger 
and darker, more reddish above. <A pair of adult breeding Ofocoris 
from Santa Rosalia Bay, Lower California, are considerably paler and 
smaller than typical acta, being, in fact, exceedingly similar to some 
specimens of ammophila, from the range of which form their locality 
is isolated by the interposition of the area inhabited by actza. These 
two specimens were called pallida by Dr. Dwight,‘ but they differ 
from that race in their much smaller size; darker, less uniform color 
above; more pinkish nape; more brownish back; and more blackish 
rump. So faras the material at hand indicates, act/a is almost entirely 
resident, for there are no specimens which can be positively stated to 
be out of its breeding range. 

Possibly in none of the horned larks is purely individual variation 


‘Birds America, VII, 1848, p. 353, pl. cecexevit, 3 Auk, VII, 1890, p. 151. 
"Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 792. *Tdem, p. 155, 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 849 


more marked than in the present form. Particularly is this noticeable 
in the color of the upper surface; for from the gray and pink tints of 
some specimens to the reddish and cinnamon shades of others, from 
the pallid appearance of some to the deep colors of others, there seems 
to be almost more latitude than can possibly be reconciled to the 
idea of subspecific identity; yet such is undoubtedly the fact, as breed- 
ing specimens from identical localities attest. Some incidental men- 
tion of these variations has been made in the comparisons of aect/a with 
other forms. The yellow of the head and throat is rarely of a deep 
shade, though this color is seldom entirely absent from the latter; but 
the eyebrow is frequently white. The thighs are sometimes tinged 
with yellow. 

In all, 238 specimens of this form have been available, geographi- 
cally distributed as follows, the breeding records shown by an asterisk: 

California.—Jacumba (United States and Mexican boundary line) ;* 
Pacific Ocean at the United States and Mexican boundary line;* Santa 
Barbara;* Calaveras County;* Tehatchapi;* Stockton;* Milton;* 
San Diego;* Chinese Camp;* Valley Springs, Calaveras County;* 
Fresno;* Santa Cruz;* Laguna, San Diego County (United States and 
Mexican boundary line);* Haywards;* Poway; San Simeon; San 
Francisco; Riverside; Elmira;* Fort Tejon; Nicasio;* Kernville;* 
Berryessa;* Milpitas;* Monterey County;* Cameron Ranch, San 
Diego County;* Los Angeles;* Los Gatos;* Ballena;* Beaumont;* 
San Jacinto Mountains;* San Jacinto Valley;* Pacific Beach;* Santa 
Ysabel, San Diego County; Dalzura;* Banning;* Twin Oaks;* Port 
Ballona;* Alhambra;* San Bernardino Valley; Pasadena;* Campbell’s 
Ranch, Laguna Mountains, San Diego County. 

Lower California.—San Fernando;* Nashoguero Valley (United 
States and Mexican boundary line);* San Ysidro Ranch (United States 
and Mexican boundary line);* Santa Rosalia Bay.* 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS AMMOPHILA, new subspecies. 


Otocoris alpestris arenicola Fisher, North Am. Fauna, No. 7, 1895, p. 66 (part). 
Otocoris alpestris chrysolema Fisner, North Am. Fauna, No.7, 1895, p. 67 (part). 


Chars. subsp.—Like Otocoris a. actia, but very much paler above. 

Measurements (15 mates).—Wing, 96-103.5 (average, 100.2) mm.; 
tail, 65-72 (average, 67.7) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-12.5 (average, 
11.4) mm.; tarsus, 19-22.5 (average, 21.1) mm.; middle toe, 10-12.5 
(average, 11.4) mm. . 

Type locality.—Coso Valley, southeastern California. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, the Mohave Desert, north 
to Owens Valley, California; in winter, south to the Mexican bound- 
ary line. 

Description.— Adult male in breeding plumage.—Type, No. 1389892, 


Y 


U.S.N.M., Biological Survey Collection; Coso Valley, California, May 
Proc..N; M. vol. xxiv—01—— 54 


850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


11, 1891; T. S. Palmer. Back and scapulars sepia, rather darker 
posteriorly, streaked with buffy; wings and middle tail-feathers fus- 
cous, margined with buffy and cinnamon; rest of tail brownish black, 
edged exteriorly with white; occiput, cervix, bend of wing and 
upper tail-coverts pinkish cinnamon rufous; horns, crown, lores, 
cheeks and jugular crescent black; forehead, superciliary stripe, 
auriculars, chin and throat pale yellow; sides and flanks tinged with 
cinnamon and obsoletely streaked with dusky; rest of lower surface 
white. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 139875, U.S.N.M., Biologi- 
‘al Survey Collection; Coso Valley, California, May 11, 1891; A. K. 
Fisher. Similar to the adult male, but cervix pale cinnamon, streaked 
with brownish; crown and occiput fuscous, streaked with pale cinna- 
mon; bend of wing and upper tail-coverts much paler and less pink- 
ish; black of head replaced by brownish; auriculars brownish gray; 
yellow of head and throat rather paler; black jugular crescent smaller. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 139871, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey Collection; Granite Springs, California, January 13, 1891; 
A. K. Fisher. Very similar to the summer dress, but upper parts 
duller and more uniform; the cervix, bend of wing, sides of neck and 
breast, and upper tail-coverts much more pinkish, the black areas 
tipped with grayish. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 1389888, U.S.N.M., Biologi- 
cal Survey Collection; Keeler, California, December 28, 1890; E. W. 
Nelson. Exceedingly similar to the summer female, but rather paler 
and more ochraceous above, the bend of wing and upper tail-coverts 
darker and more vinaceous, the yellow of throat and head rather 
deeper, the breast sparingly streaked with dusky. 

Young 7n first plumage.— No. 139881, U.S.N.M., Biological Survey 
Collection; Owens Valley, California, July 20, 1891; F. Stephens. 
Above sepia, mixed with buffy ochraceous, spotted with pale buffy and 
white; wings and tail sepia, edged with buffy and ochraceous buff, the 
middle tail-feathers paler than the others; sides of head and neck 
mixed grayish, brownish and buffy; throat white, washed with sul- 
phur yellow; jugulum and upper breast pale buff, spotted with dusky; 
remainder of lower surface white, the sides faintly tinged with dull buff. 

From actia the present subspecies may be easily distinguished by 
its very much paler color above, while its decidedly smaller size, con- 
spicuously more cinnamomeous shade of nape, upper tail-coverts and 
bend of wing render it readily separable from Jewcolema. Compared 
with occidentalis it is paler, of smaller size, with the cervix, upper 
tail-coverts, and bend of wing more cinnamomeous, the upper surface 
less uniform. It is somewhat smaller than adusta and paler, particu- 
larly in winter, with the back scarcely or not at all reddish, the demarea- 
tion line between cervix and back usually well marked. From oaxacae 
it differs in larger size, much paler colors, and less reddish back. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 851 


The young of ammophila differ markedly from the young of actia 
in their paler, much more grayish upper parts; being practically 
indistinguishable from deucolema of the same age. 

This desert race seems to be most typical in the region immediately 
southwest of Death Valley, California, whence a good series of speci- 
mens was brought back by the Death Valley expedition of 1891. The 
breeding birds in this series were identified as arenicola | =leucolemal, 
the winter specimens as chrysolaemu |=actia|.* No material indicates 
whether or not it inhabits Death Valley, but it apparently comes no 
farther east in the breeding season. Its northern limit is Owens 
Valley, California, but the southern extent of its range can not now 
be definitely determined. Birds from the Mojave Desert differ little, 
if any, from typical specimens, but the range of wmmophila is circum- 
scribed on the west by the mountains defining the valley of the San 
Joaquin River, as is shown by the horned larks from Tehatchapi and 
Kernville, which are referable to actia. Examples from Owens Valley 
(Keeler, etc.) seem to verge somewhat toward /euwcole@ma. 

The eyebrow is usually, the throat nearly always distinctly yellow, 
though both are sometimes, particularly in females and summer birds, 
almost without trace of this color. The shade of the nape is quite 
variable, being occasionally decidedly pinkish, and its trenchant defini- 
tion from the dorsal area is frequently obliterated by the backward 
extension of the cinnamon tinge of the nape. 

Forty-two specimens have been examined, from the subjoined local- 
ities: 

California.—Argus Mountains;* Granite Springs; Coso Valley; * 
Keeler;* North base of Granite Mountains, Mohave Desert; * 
Mohave; Daggett; 25 miles southwest of Mohave;* Borax Flat; * 
Olanche;* Perognathus Flat, Panamint Mountains;* Ash Creek, 
Owens Lake; * Bongo Spring, San Diego County; Santa Ysabel, San 
Diego County; Calico; Darwin.* 

OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS RUBEA Henshaw. 
Otocorys alpestris rubeus HensHaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 267. 
Otocoris alpestris rubea Dwienr, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 150.—Ripaway, Man. 
N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 349. 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris a. ammophila, but darker, the 
cervix and back much more distinctly reddish. 

Measurements (15 mates).—Wing, 94.5-105 (average, 99.6) mm.; 
tail, 64.5-71 (average, 67.2) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-12 (average, 11) 
mm.; tarsus, 20-23.5 (average, 21.7) mm.; middle toe, 10.5-13 (aver- 
age, 11.8) mm. 

Type locality.—Stockton, California. 

Geographical distribution.—The Sacramento Valley, California. 


1See Fisher, North American Fauna, No. 7, 1893, pp. 66-67. 


852 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 98402, 
U.S.N.M.; Red Bluff, California, April 12, 1884; Charles H. Town- 
send.—Back fuscous, much suffused and mixed with dull reddish 
cinnamon, producing a rather uniform effect; occiput, nape, bend of 
wing and superior tail-coverts brick red; wings fuscous, margined 
with reddish cinnamon and buffy; two middle tail-feathers similar to 
the back; rest of tail brownish black, the outer pair of feathers mar- 
gined externally with butty white; fore part of crown, horns, lores, 
cheeks and jugulum black; forehead, superciliary stripe, auriculars, 
chin and throat pale primrose yellow; remainder of lower surface 
white, the sides tinged with reddish cinnamon and somewhat streaked 
with dusky. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 98418, U.S.N.M.; Red 
Bluff, California, April 12, 1854; Charles H. Townsend.—Similar to 
the adult male at the same season, but back rather less uniform; 
occiput dull brownish, streaked with darker; nape dull pinkish cinna- 
mon, broadly streaked with brown; black of. crown replaced by dark 
brownish; black of cheeks and lores much mixed with brown. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 124407,U.S.N.M.; Gridley, 
California, January 25, 1891; L. Belding.—Similar to the summer 
male, but darker, duller and more uniform above; the yellow of 
throat and head deeper; breast tinged with yellow of throat; sides 
of body darker. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 1389862, U.S.N.M., Biolog- 
ical Survey collection; Willows, California, January 4, 1894; C. P. 
Streator.—Like the female in summer, but everywhere darker, the 
breast shaded with brownish and somewhat streaked with dusky. 

This form is easily distinguishable from all the other horned larks 
by the peculiar color of the occiput and cervix, which is a bright brick 
red with very little tinge of pinkish, particularly in summer; the 
remainder of the upper surface is much suffused with the same shade, 
further differentiating 7ubea from both ¢nsularis and strigata, which 
races in other respects it closely resembles. 

The type of rubea is an adult male, evidently in breeding plumage, 
collected by Mr. Belding, supposedly at Stockton, California. This 
locality, however, is queried on the label, and there seems now much 
reason to believe that this specimen did not come from Stockton at 
all, for the horned larks breeding there, though not typical actia, are 
nearer that form than to rubea,; yet heretofore they have been referred 
to rubea, probably on the strength of the type. This bird in all 
probability came from some locality in the Sacramento Valley north 
of Stockton, as it is a specimen very typical of the race inhabiting the 
region about Red Bluff and Mount Lassen, California, and which passes 
current under the proper name of 7uvbea. Mr. Henshaw in his original 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 853 


The present race appears to be strictly resident, occupying a com- 
paratively circumscribed area in the region drained by the Sacramento 
River, passing south into acta at about the latitude of San Francisco, 
and northeastward into merril/7. Comparatively few of the specimens 
here referred to vubea show indication of intergradation with any of 
the other forms, but a number of intermediates that more closely 
approach merrilli and actia, respectively, are discussed under those 
races. Several spring birds from Gridley appear to incline somewhat 
in the direction of act/a, this being especially the case with the females, 
all of which were determined by Dr. Dwight to be str/gata; but the 
general cast of the plumage, particularly on the nape, bend of wing 
and upper tail-coverts, seems to indicate by lack of sufficient brownish 
tinge that these examples are correctly identified as ruhea. 

An adult male horned lark purporting to have been collected by 
Xantus at Tonila, Jalisco, Mexico, appears to be absolutely indistin- 
guishable from specimens of 7wbea taken in the Sacramento Valley, 
and not like either chrysolema from the Valley of Mexico or oaxace 
from the State of Oaxaca. ‘The ostensible locality is possibly erroneous, 
this suspicion being strengthened by the fact that the specimen is 
labeled ‘*Oct.,” though it is evidently in breeding piumage. On the 
other hand, the fact that the breeding horned lark of the city of 
Durango, Durango, Mexico, shows a decided approach to this ruddi- 
ness of plumage renders possible and really almost probable that 
the QOfocor/s from still farther south is fully as reddish as rubea. 
Should future investigation prove this to be the case, it will add 
another to the already considerable list of instances of reduplication 
of forms in this genus. 

The throat in 7vbea is usually pale, scarcely ever very deep yellow, 
sometimes almost white; the eyebrow, particularly in summer females, 
is mot infrequently without a trace of yellow. The breast for a short 
distance below the black is occasionally, especially in winter, tinged 
with yellow; the thighs also, though rarely, show some of this color. 
One newly molted example, from Bald Mountain, Shasta County, Cali- 
fornia, has the entire under surface strongly suffused with yellow. In 
some specimens the reddish color of the nape is much spread over the 
back, in others it is posteriorly confined to the nape, with a well-defined 

_line of demarcation between it and the color of the back; occasionally, 
and this particularly in worn summer birds, the occiput and nape have 
a distinct pinkish tinge. 

Thirty-nine specimens of this race have been examined, representing 
the following localities: 

California.—Red Bluff;* Mount Lassen;* Placer County;* Yuba 
County; Gridley;* Marysville; Bald Mountain, Shasta County; 
Stockton; Willows; Santa Cruz; Battle Creek. 


854 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS OAXACZ Nelson. 


Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwiaur, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 154-155 (part). 
Otocoris alpestris oaxace Nevson, Auk, XIV, Jan., 1897, p. 54. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris a. rubea, but rather smaller, the 
nape and bend of wing somewhat pinkish, the back less reddish. 

Measurements (10 mates).—W ing, 94.5-99 (average, 96.8) mm.; tail, 
58-66 (average, 61.3) mm.; exposed culmen, 11-12 (average, 11.5) 
mm.; tarsus, 21—-93.5 (average, 21.9) mm.; middle toe, 10.5-13 (aver- 
age, 11.9) mm. 

Type locality. —San Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca, Mexico. 

Geographical distribution.—Southern Oaxaca, Mexico. Resident. 

Description.— Adult mate in breeding plumage.—Type, No. 145008, 
U.S.N.M., Biological Survey collection; San Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca, 
Mexico, May 15, 1895; E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Back 
dull rufous brown, streaked with darker; occiput, cervix, bend of 
wing and upper tail-coverts deep cinnamon rufous, with a decided 
pinkish tinge, this color gradually merging with the brown of the 
back, leaving no line of demarcation; wings and two middle. tail- 
feathers fuscous, margined with buffy and cinnamon; rest of tail 
brownish black, the two outer feathers edged with buffy; forepart of 
crown, horns, lores, cheeks and jugulum black; forehead, super- 
ciliary stripe, auricular region, chin and throat yellow, brightest on 
the last mentioned; sides of body pinkish cinnamon; rest of under 
surface dull white. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 145001, U.S.N.M., Bio- 
logical Survey collection; San Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca, Mexico, 
May 14, 1895; E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Similar to the 
male, but differs in the less rufescent, less uniform back; in lack of 
black on crown, this being replaced by deep ochraceous streaked with 
blackish; in having the occiput and nape buffy ochraceous, streaked 
with dark brown, the bend of the wing less extensively cinnamon 
rufous, and the black of the sides of head replaced by buffy and 
brownish. 

Young in first plumage.—No. 145004, U.S.N.M., Biological Survey 
collection; San Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca, Mexico, May 16, 1895; 
K. W. Nelson and EK. A. Goldman. Above deep cinnamon, each 
feather with a subterminal spot of sepia and a terminal one of buffy 
or ochraceous, these markings small on the head, but large on the lower 
back, where the terminal buffy ones become broad edgings; tail much 
as in the adult; wings fuscous, edged with buff, cinnamon and ochrace- 
ous; sides of head mixed buffy and brownish; breast and sides buffy, 
finely spotted with dusky; remainder of lower surface dull buffy white. 

In the color of the upper parts this form is much like rwbea, but 
the cervix, upper tail-coverts and bend of wing are darker and more 
pinkish, the back less rufescent; the measurements indicate a smaller 


No, 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 855 


bird. From chonysoloma it differs in conspicuously more ‘rutescent, 
more uniform colors above, and in smaller size. 

The young of oavacew resemble those of actia, but ure everywhere, 
even on the under surface, more strongly tinged with ochraceous; the 
crown seems to be less blackish. 

It is certainly strange that there should be any notable local variation 
in the horned larks from a locality close to the city of Oaxaca, whence 
come specimens apparently inseparable from Oftocoris alpestris oavace, 
a locality, moreover, which lies practically between the city of Oaxaca 
and San Mateo, the type locality of oavacw,; yet the differences exhib- 
ited by the horned larks from Mitla, Oaxaca, are scarcely reconcilable 
with ordinary range of individual variation, neither can they be con- 
sidered as the result of abrasion during the breeding season. The 
series from this place was taken in June, only a few days later than 
the specimens from the city of Oaxaca, so that these birds are strictly 
comparable. The specimens from Mitla are, so far as color is con- 
cerned, not in any degree intermediate between the only two sub- 
species whose areas of distribution can by the slightest possibility be 
contiguous, being much paler than either oavacew or chri ysoluma. 
They are much more rufescent above than the latter, and agree in size 
with the former. They are almost perfectly identical with the non- 
typical examples of act/a from Santa Rosalia Bay, Lower California, 
which are in turn almost inseparable, though geographically isolated, 
from ammophila. In view of this condition of affairs it seems best to 
consider these Mitla specimens as belonging to oavacw, which form 
they more nearly approach than to chrysolema. A female from the 
type locality of oa~ace, worn and faded almost beyond recognition, is 
in the U.S. National Museum collection, and is probably the specimen 
which Dr. Dwight referred provisionally to pallda.' 

A series of eight males from the type locality exhibits no important 
individual variations, the chief differences observable being the some- 
what more pinkish nape or less reddish back of some specimens. 
The eyebrow, even in females, appears never to lack a tinge of yellow, 
while the feathers of the tibia, at least in summer, show rarely any 
noticeable trace of this color. 

Twenty-one specimens have been examined, from the localities 
which follow: 

Oaxvaca.—San Mateo del Mar;* Oaxaca;* Mitla.* 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS OCCIDENTALIS (McCall). 


Otocoris ? occidentalis McCauu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1851, p. 218. 

Otocoris alpestris occidentalis Sion: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1899, p. 21. 

Eremophila alpestris ). leucolema Cours, Birds Northwest, 1874, p. 38 (part). 

Otocorys alpestris arenicoia Hensuaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 259 (part). 

Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwiaur, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 148 (part).—Ripaway, 
Man. N. Am. Birds, 2 ed., 1896, De 599 cpaet): 


cane 1890; VII, p. 155. 


856 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Chars. subsp.—Resembling Otocoris a. oawace, but larger and 
decidedly paler, less rufescent above. 

Measurements (15 males).—Wing, 103.5-110.5 (average, 106.4) mm. ; 
tail, 67-75 (average, 71.4) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-13 (average, 11.2) 
mm.; tarsus, 20-23 (average, 21.8) mm.; middle toe, 10.5-12.5 
(average, 11.6) mm. 

Type locality.—Santa Fe, New Mexico. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, central New Mexico, west 
to central Arizona; in winter, south to northern Sonora and Chihuahua, 
Mexico, and southeast to Texas. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 68800, 
U.S.N.M.; Santa Fe, New Mexico, June 19, 1874; J. T. Rothrock. 
Occiput, cervix, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts deep vinaceous 
cinnamon; back fuscous, streaked with buffy and vinaceous, and ante- 
riorly passing gradually into the color of the cervix; wings and two 
middle tail-feathers fuscous, margined with buffy and vinaceous; rest 
of tail brownish black, edged externally with whitish on two outer 
pairs of feathers; crown, horns, cheeks and jugulum black; forehead, 
superciliary stripe, auriculars, chin and throat pale yellow, remainder 
of lower surface dull white, the sides and flanks shaded with pinkish 
cinnamon. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 68801, U.S.N.M.; Santa Fe, 
New Mexico, June 19, 1874; J. T. Rothrock. Head and back sepia, 
streaked with buff; cervix cinnamon with narrow streaks of sepia; 

otherwise similar to the summer male, excepting that the sides of body, 
bend of wing and upper tail-coverts are less vinaceous, the black of 
head is replaced by brownish, and the yellow is paler. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 127591 U.S.N.M.; Lochiel, 
Pima County, Arizona, November 25, 1892; Frank X. Holzner. Very 
similar to the summer male, but more uniform above, the colors paler 
and more blended, owing to the broad tips of the feathers; yellow of 
head and throat rather deeper; black areas more or less obscured by 
light tips; breast sparingly and obscurely spotted with dusky. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No., 151866, U.S.N.M.; Chihua- 
hua, Chihuahua, November 7, 1888; M. Abbott Frazar. Very much 
like the breeding dress, but palerand more uniform above, the jugular 
crescent much obscured by grayish, the breast shaded with buff and 
obsoletely streaked with brownish. 

Young in first plumage.—Type of species, No. 14883, Academy of 
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; Santa Fe, New Mexico, July 1850; 
Col. Geo. A. McCall.' 


1'The type is so badly faded and otherwise so much damaged that the original 
description is here given instead of one taken directly from the specimen. Notwith- 
standing its condition, the type agrees well with a young bird from San Francisco 
Mountain, though somewhat darker above and with a longer bill. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 857 


Its length (when killed) was 7; inches; alar stretch, 11 inches; wing, from flexure, 
319; above, light brown, each feather being dark dusky near the tip, the extreme 
tip white—giving the appearance of a mixture of light and dark brown, thickly 
speckled with white; in this respect resembling the young of the Shore Lark; the 
greater and lesser wing-coverts broadly edged with yellowish white, and tipped with 
pure white, forming two distinct bars, most apparent when the wing is extended; 
the second primary longest, the third shorter than the first, the outer vane of the 
latter white; remaining wing feathers edged with whitish, broadest on the tertials; 
tail of twelve feathers, even, the two middle ones light brown, edged with whitish, 
the remainder dark dusky, the two exterior ones being white on the outer vanes; 
all the under parts pale brownish white, most clear at the lower extreme; bill slender 
and slightly curved, of a horn color aboye, and lighter below; eyebrows, extending 
back of the eyes, whitish: irides dark hazel; legs and feet nearly black." 

From adusta, to which it is most closely allied, occ¢dentalis differs 
in its much larger size and decidedly less ruddy colors above, the nape 
being more pinkish, the back more dusky. It is distinguished from 
oavace by much paler, less rufescent colors above, and by decidedly 
larger size; from both act/a and chrysolema by greater size, together 
with paler, more brownish coloration. Although of the same dimen- 
sions as /eucolema, this form may be separated by the darker, more 
cinnamomeous or rufescent shade of the entire upper surface, this 
in summer being particularly noticeable on the cervix; and these 
characters will serve to determine even doubtful specimens at all 
seasons. 

Mr. Henshaw considered® the Otocor?s occidentalis of McCall’ to be 
indeterminable, but a careful comparison of the original description 
with a young horned lark seems to leave little or no doubt a8 to its 
identity. Dr. Dwight says nothing upon the subject, but evidently 
accepts Mr. Henshaw’s conclusion.* Since then, however, the type of 
occidentalis has come to light in the museum of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the question is thus definitely 
settled. The chief discrepancy emphasized by Mr. Henshaw was 
that McCall stated the whole of the under surface to be whitish, but 
this remark, as can clearly be seen with specimens of both young 
occidentalis and alpestris for comparison, was intended merely to sug- 
gest the general effect of the lower surface as contrasted with the 
strongly yellowish tinge of young a/pestr7s. 

The geographical variation exhibited b:; Shis race has hitherto been 
obscured, since Dr. Coues included occidentalis in his leucolwma, Myr. 
Henshaw referred it to arenicola, and Dr. Dwight to adusta; but the 
form is well worthy of recognition. 

Some of the specimens from northern New Mexico, the vicinity 
from which came the type, incline towards Jewcolwma, but as a whole 
the birds from this region are much nearer what may abstractly be 
considered to represent typical occidentalis. Examples from Fort 


Prog. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1851, p. 218. 
? Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 259. 
SAuk, VII, April, 1890, p. 146. 


858 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


Verde, Arizona, are typical, that is, they represent the extreme differ- 
entiation of the race; and breeding birds from the Little Colorado 
River and San Francisco Mountain are to be referred here. These 
localities comprise all in Arizona from which breeding specimens have 
been seen, but the summer distribution of oce¢dentalis may with reason- 
able safety be held to be the Territories of Arizona and New Mexico, 
excepting the southern and extreme western parts of the former, and 
the eastern and far southern portions of the latter. O. a. leucolema, 
however, possibly encroaches on the northwestern corner of Arizona, 
but just how far the present material does not indicate. 

In winter vcec/dentalis occurs in Texas and also moves to the south- 
ward into the central portions of northern Mexico, as far as the city 
of Chihuahua, being found there in company with aphrasta, adusta, 
and /ewcolema. The large number of intermediates causes considerable 
trouble in the identification of winter horned larks from northern 
Mexico. 

Sixty-five specimens have been examined, from the following 
localities: 

Arizona.—Big Chino Valley, near La Ventana ranch, Pima County 
(United States and Mexican boundary line); Buenos Ayres, Pima 
County (United States and Mexican boundary line); San Pedro River; 
Willeox; San Francisco Mountain;* Lochiel, Pima County; Fort 
Verde;* Little Colorado River.* 

New Mexico.—Albuquerque;* Fort Wingate;* Grafton; Zuni; 
Santa*Fe;* Fort Bayard; Silver City. 

Tewas.—Marfa; El Paso; Laredo; Sierra Blanca; Comanche; Hen. 
rietta. 

Chihuaghua.—San Luis Spring, Animas Valley (United States and 
Mexican boundary line); Chihuahua; San Diego. 

Sonora.—La Noria, Santa Cruz River (United States and Mexican 
boundary line). 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS ADUSTA Dwight. 


Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwiaur, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 148.—Rrpa@way, Man. 
N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 599 (part). 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocor?s a. occidentalis, but much smaller, 
the upper surface more reddish. 

Measurements (15 matles).— Wing, 97-105.5 (average, 102.4) mm.; 
tail, 65-73 (average, 68.8) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-12 (average, 10.8) 
min.; tarsus, 20.5-22 (average, 21.2) mm.; middle toe, 10-12 (average, 
11.5) mm. 

Type locality.—Camp Huachuea, Arizona. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, the central part of extreme 
southern Arizona; in winter, northern Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico. 
Type, No. 23575, 


Description.— Adult male in breeding plumage. 


No, 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 859 


collection of William Brewster; Camp Huachuca, Arizona, February 
21, 1887; J. C. Cahoon. Upper parts almost uniform vinaceous cin- 
namon, the occiput, nape, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts more 
pinkish; tail, excepting the two middle feathers, black, the exterior 
rectrices edged with white. Forehead, horns, nasal plumes, lores, 
suborbital region, anterior auriculars, and jugular crescent black; 
forehead, superciliary stripe and hinder part of auriculars maize yel- 
low, palest on the last; throat naples yellow; rest of lower surface 
white, but the flanks, sides of breast and body vinaceous cinnamon, 
more pinkish on the sides of breast. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 23588, collection of William 
Brewster; Camp Huachuca, Arizona, March 2, 1887. Similar to the 
male, but pale cinnamon above, streaked with darker, duller brown, 
most heavily so on occiput and back; no black on head, this color 
replaced by dull brownish; superciliary stripe and auriculars creamy 
white, the latter somewhat mingled with brownish; throat paler 
yellow, jugular crescent restricted. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 127334, U.S.N.M.; Santa Cruz 
River, Sonora, Mexico, November 6, 1892; Frank X. Holzner. Very 
much like the breeding dress, but back not so reddish; upper parts 
more uniform; black areas somewhat obscured; breast slightly spotted 
with dusky. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 144984, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey collection; Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, November 2, 1893; 
E. A. Goldman. Similar to the summer female, but upper surface 
more uniform and more pinkish; yellow of throat and head deeper; 
black areas more obscured; breast tinged with buffy and spotted with 
dusky. 

Young in first plumage.—No. 139902, U.S.N.M., Biological Survey 
collection; Fort Huachuca, Arizona, May 22, 1892; A. K. Fisher. 
Upper surface bright ochraceous, more brownish on head and back, 
mottled with sepia and spotted with buffy; superciliary stripe deep 
buff; sides of head ochraceous, mixed with brownish; throat pale 
buffy; jugulum buff, spotted with dusky; sides washed with buff; rest 
of lower parts creamy white. 

Although resembling oaracew in general appearance, @dusta is much 
lighter above and more reddish on the back; the yellow of the throat 
is usually paler and the size greater. From rubew this race is distin- 
guished by paler, more uniform upper parts, and more pinkish cervix; 
from actia by the conspicuously lighter and more uniform upper 
surface, the nape especially being very pale, and the back reddish 
instead of blackish. 

The young of this race are apparently nearest like those of oarace, 
but are even more deeply ochraceous. Some specimens are, however, 
almost indistinguishabie. Krom actia the young of adusta differ in 


860 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


rather paler, decidedly more ochraceous coloration, particularly above, 
and in the less blackish crown. 

This subspecies occupies, in the breeding season, a very restricted 
area, more restricted, in fact, than most of the other continental forms; 
and to this is due, of course, its comparative rarity. It is only in part 
intermediate between oce/dentalis and aphrasta, and is one of the best 
defined of the races of w/pestris. Breeding birds from the type locality 
are remarkably uniform and represent the extreme of differentiation, 
while nearly all those from other places show more or less indication of 
intergradation with surrounding forms. Specimens from the Santa 
Rita Mountains, Arizona, are generally larger and paler, and seem 
thus to incline somewhat toward Jewcansiptila. A June female from 
Oracle, Arizona, appears to be quite typical, though a good series 
might show the breeding, horned larks from this locality to be some- 
what aberrant. A young bird from Oracle strengthens this suppo- 
sition, although, as we have already intimated, no great amount of 
reliance can be placed upon the identification cf a single young indi- 
vidual. In autumn and winter adusta wanders to the southward, as 
far, at least, as the city of Chihuahua, Mexico, but does not seem to 
range much to the east or west. 

Considerable individual variation is evident, consisting chiefly in the 
more or less scorched appearance of the back. The throat varies froma 
deep primrose yellow to occasionally almost white. Females exhibit 
a similar difference, observable in the depth of the cinnamon suffusion 
pervading the entire upper surface; the back and head are sometimes 
almost uniform, while in many cases the former is quite dark owing 
to broad brown centers of the feathers, there being then a noticeable 
contrast between the head and back. 

Thirty-seven specimens have been examined, these representing the 
localities given below: 4 

Arizona.—Fort Huachuea;* San Pedro River (Einitedss States and 
Mexican boundary line); Santa Rita Mountains;* Oracle;* Great- 
erville.* 

Chihuahua.—Chihuahua City. 

Sonora.—Santa Cruz River (United States and Mexican boundary 
line). 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS APHRASTA, new subspecies. - 


Chars. subsp.—Like Otocoris alpestris adusta, but back less reddish, 
cervix and bend of wing more pinkish. 

Measurements (15 males).—W ing, 99-104.5 (average, 102) mm.; tail, 
64-72 (average, 68.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 10.5-12 (average, 11.2) 
mim.; tarsus, 20.5-22.5 (average, 21.3) mm.; middle toe, 10-12 (aver- 
age, 11.1) mm. 

Type locality. —Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. S61 


Geographical distribution.—Extreme southeastern Arizona, the 
southwest corner of New Mexico, together with the Mexican States of 
Chihuahua, Coahuila and Durango. Nearly or quite resident. 

Deseviption.— Adult male in breeding plumage.—TVype, No. 165133, 
U.S.N.M., Biological Survey collection; Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, 
Mexico, May 13, 1899; E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Back and 
rump brownish cinnamon, the feathers with darker centers; occiput, 
cervix, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts pinkish vinaceous, tinged 
with cinnamon; wings and middle pair of tail-feathers fuscous, edged 
with color of back; rest of tail brownish black, the outer pair of 
feathers margined with white; lores, cheeks, crown, horns and jugu- 
lum black; forehead, auriculars and superciliary stripe dull white 
washed with yellow; throat pale yellow; sides and flanks cinnamon; 
rest of lower surface white. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 124524, U.S.N.M., San 
Diego, Chihuahua, Mexico, June 5, 1891. Upper surface sepia brown, 
streaked with buffy, this little evident on back; cervix, bend of wing 
and upper tail-coverts cinnamon, the first streaked with dusky; wings 
fuscous, edged with paler; tail, excepting the two middle feathers, 
blackish brown, the outermost feathers margined externally with 
white; sides of head brownish gray, mixed with dark brown on cheeks; 
forehead and superciliary stripe white; throat pale yellowish; narrow 
jugular crescent black; sides washed with cinnamon, and obscurely 
streaked with dusky; remainder of lower surface white. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 163964, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey collection; Parral, Chihuahua, September 12, 1898; EK. W. 
Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Similar to the breeding male, but upper 
parts more pinkish and more grayish, the colors more blended; the 
whole head and throat suffused with yellow; the black areas obscured 
by paler tips; breast spotted with dusky. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 151860, U.S.N.M.; Chi- 
huahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, October 19, 1888; M. Abbott Frazar. 
Similar to the summer dress of the same sex, but upper parts paler and 
more uniform, owing to the wide margins of all the feathers, which 
produce a blended effect; cheeks and auriculars darker brownish; 
breast tinged with buffy, and heavily, though obscurely, streaked with 
dusky. 

Young in first plumage.—No. 124525, U.S.N.M., San Diego, Chi- 
huahua, Mexico, June 5, 1891. Back brownish cinnamon, spotted 
with sepia and buffy; rump, head and cervix buffy ochraceous, 
marked with sepia and whitish; wings and two middle tail-feathers 
fuscous, edged with buffy and ochraceous; rest of tail dark brown, the 
outer webs margined with white; sides of head pale brownish gray, 
slightly mixed with dull brownish; jugulum tinged with buff, and 
sparingly spotted with bark brown; sides washed with buffy; remainder 
of lower surface white. 


862 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Typical specimens of this race differ from adusta in the much less 
reddish back, as well as noticeably more pinkish nape and bend of 
wing; from /ewcansiptila, besides much darker colors above, in more 
pinkish nape and more brownish back, these last two characters being 
those of most value in the determination of intermediates. Compared 
with pallida, aphrasta is much darker, particularly on the back and 
rump, with decidedly less cinnamomeous tinge, this most conspicuous 
on occiput, cervix and bend of wing. It may be distinguished from 
ammophila by the more pinkish cervix, upper tail-coverts and bend of 
wing, together with the more uniform upper surface, the back having 
usually less blackish; from uctia and chrysolema, by much paler and 
more uniform upper surface. It is much larger and paler than oarace,; 
decidedly smaller, as well as somewhat less deeply colored, than occz- 
dentalis; much smaller, more uniform, and more reddish above than 


leucolwma. 

The young of this race differ from those of act¢a in their much paler 
coloration, this being especially noticeable on the top and sides of the 
head, but these are by no means constant distinctions. From anmo- 
phila and leucolema the difference, which consists of the decidedly 
deeper ochraceous on all the upper parts, is more marked. Compared 
with varace and adusta the young of aphrasta are paler and somewhat 
more grayish. 

Breeding specimens from Willcox and Fort Bowie, Arizona, show an 
inclination toward /ewcolwma in the pallor of the occiput and nape, but 
undoubtedly should be called aphrasta. Sulphur Spring and Willow 
Spring, Arizona, are also here included in the range of the present 
‘ace, though it should be stated that this rests upon the determination 
of birds in first plumage. Breeding examples from San Diego, Chi- 
huahua, Mexico, seem to be essentially typical; as also a series from 
La Ventura, Coahuila, though the maies of the latter have the throat 
and eyebrow more deeply yellow, and the back with more admixture 
of brown, producing a less uniform appearance. None of the avail- 
able specimens of this subspecies can certainly be said to have been 
taken out of its breeding range, and aphrasta probably is very nearly 
if not quite resident. An autumnal male from Parral, Chihuahua, 
Mexico, has a very deep yellow throat, this color also suffusing the 
entire head and slightly invading the breast below the black jugular 
crescent, this last, however, something which even breeding birds 
occasionally exhibit. Examples from the southwestern corner of New 
Mexico (Grant County, etc.), are intermediate between eucol@ma and 
aphrasta, but appear to be nearer the latter. Occasional specimens 
from this region are almost indistinguishable from leucansiptila, but 
have usually somewhat darker backs. To the southward, in the State 
of Durango, Mexico (specimens from Durango City), the birds are 
more reddish again, approaching the appearance of adusta. Coming 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 8638 


from an intermediate locality they would be readily classed as inter- 
grades, though nearer aphrasta, but coming from the opposite portion 
of the latter’s range, it isevident that no such disposition can be made 
of them. They are apparently not different enough to warrant sepa- 
ration under a name of their own, so the only course is to consider 
them aberrant examples of aphrasta. It is just such cases as this that 
render the identification and differentiation of the various horned larks 
so difficult. 

Thirty-eight specimens examined, from the localities mentioned 
below : 

Arizona.—Willeox;* Willow Spring;* Sulphur Spring;* Fort 
Bowie.* 

New Mexvico.—Dog Spring, Grant County (United States and Mexi- 
can boundary line).* 

Chihuahua.—Parral; Playas Valley, near White Water;* White 
Water;* San Diego;* Chihuahua; Casas Grandes;* Balleza; Mesquite 
Springs (United States and Mexican boundary line).* 

Coahuila.—La V entura.* 

Durango.— Durango. * 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS PALLIDA Dwight. 


Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwiaut, Auk, VII, April, 1890, p. 154 (Townsend, manu- 
script). —TownsEnD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, September, 1890, p. 138.— 
Ripaway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, p. 599. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris a. aphrasta, but paler above, the 
nape less pinkish, the back less dusky. 

Measurements (1 mate).—Wing, 102 mm.; tail, 69.5 mm.; exposed 
culmen, 11 mm.; tarsus, 20 mm.; middle toe, 10 mm. 

Type locality.—Direction Hill, between Adair Bay and mouth of Rio 
Colorado, Sonora, Mexico. 

Geographical distribution.—Region immediately adjacent to the head 
of the Gulf of California, Mexico. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—Ty pe, No. 117679, 
U.S.N.M; Direction Hill, between Adair Bay and the mouth of Rio 
Colorado, northwestern Sonora, Mexico, March 26, 1889; Charles H. 
Townsend. Occiput, cervix, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts 
bright vinaceous cinnamon; back, rump, wings and middle _ tail- 
feathers wood brown, the first two with a cinnamon tinge, the feathers 
of back and rump with somewhat darker centers, the wings and middle 
rectrices edged with paler; rest of tail brownish black, margined 
exteriorly with white; crown, horns, lores, cheeks, subauricular 
region and jugular crescent black; forehead, superciliary stripe, auric- 
ulars, chin and throat pale yellow, deepest on the two last; rest of 
lower surface white, the sides and flanks tinged with cinnamon and 
obsoletely streaked with. dusky. 


864 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, YOou.xxiv. 


This desert race seems to be closely allied to adusta, from which, 
however, it may be distinguished by its decidedly paler coloration 
above and noticeably less reddish back. It may be separated from 
ammophila by its paler, more uniform upper surface, the back being 
without blackish and the line separating the cervix aimost obliterated; 
from actia it-is by the same characters still more different; and it 
differs from occidentalis in smaller size, as well as very much lighter 
coloration of the entire upper surface. 

The type of pallida, which apparently represents the breeding birds 
of the region immediately about the head of the Gulf of California, 
at least on the eastern side, seems to be the only individual properly 
referable to this subspecies. The two specimens from Santa Rosalia 
Bay, Lower California, a locality included by Dr. Dwight in his range 
of pallida,’ seem to belong rather to actca, for reasons already given.” 
The specimens from Magdalena Bay, which he also records as pallida, 
have not been examined, but in all probability they resemble those 
from Santa Rosalia Bay. Should this prove to be so, pallida must, at 
least for the present, be expunged from the North American list, and 
its geographical distribution restricted to the neighborhood of the 
mouth of the Colorado River, in northwestern Sonora, Mexico. How 
far to the southward along either shore of the Gulf it extends can 
be of course only conjectured, and is an interesting point for future 
observations to determine. 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS LEUCANSIPTILA, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris a. pallida, but even paler, the 
cervix and bend of wing much less cinnamomeous. 

Measurements (6 matles).—W ing, 100-107 (average, 102.9) mm.; tail, 
65-70 (average, 67.9) mm.; ee ee 10.5-12 (average, 11.2) 
mm.; tarsus, 21-22 (average, 21.3) mm.; middle toe, 10.5-11.5 (aver- 
age, 11.1) mm. 

Type locality.—Y uma, Arizona. 

Geographical distribution.— Extreme southwestern Arizona, extreme 
southeast corner of California, and northeastern Lower California 
along the international boundary line, north to southern Nevada. 

De crane —Adult male in br ene plumage.—Type, No. 132970, 
U.S.N.M.; Yuma, Arizona, March 13, 1894; Mearns and Holzner. 
Back gray Fall isabella color, streaked with pale fuscous; rump the 
same, streaked with sepia; wings and two central tail-feathers pale 
fuscous, edged with whitish, buffy and ochraceous; rest of tail brown- 
ish black, margined exteriorly with white; occiput, cervix, bend of 
wing and upper tail-coverts very pale vinaceous cinnamon; forepart of 
crown, Bor ns, cheeks and j Jug ie Pick for ae superciliary stripe 


‘aie VIL, 1890, p- 155. same: p. 848. 


No. 1271, REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 865 


and auriculars dull white, faintly washed with yellow; throat pale 
yellow; sides and flanks tinged with cinnamon; rest of lower parts 
white. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 142166, U.S.N.M., Biolog- 
ical Survey collection; Yuma, Arizona, April 10, 1889; V. Bailey. 
Upper parts sepia, streaked with buffy, most conspicuously so on 
occiput; cervix pale cinnamon, streaked with brownish; bend of wing 
and upper tail-coverts deep pinkish cinnamon; rest of plumage similar 
to the summer male, except that the black of the head is in the female 
replaced by brownish and buffy, and the black jugular crescent is 
smaller. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 3652, collection of C. E. Aiken, 
Coyote Well, San Diego County, California, December 1, 1876; F. 
Stephens’. Similar to the breeding dress, but colors of upper parts 
more blended, this effect produced by the pale buffy or ochraceous tips 
of the feathers, the pinkish nape being almost entirely obscured; the 
throat is much more deeply yellow, which color suffuses the ear coy- 
erts, forehead, superciliary stripe, and slightly the crown behind the 
black. 

This new race is the palest of all the American horned larks, not 
excepting pallida itself, from which form it further differs in lacking 
much of the cinnamomeous tinge of the upper parts, particularly on the 
cervixand bend of wing. Other characters distinguishing leucansiptila 
from actia and ammophila are the more uniform upper surface and 
the much more pinkish shade of the cervix, upper tail-coverts and bend 
of wing; from occidentalis, the decidedly smaller size; from adusta, 
the conspicuously less reddish upper surface; from /ewcolema, reduced 
size and more uniform upper parts. The single female of lewcansiptila 
now at hand is difficult to tell from the same sex of /ewcolema except 
by its smaller size. Otocoris a. leucansiptila is curiously similar to 
enthymia from North Dakota and Assiniboia, differing, however, in 
being smaller, much more brownish, and more nearly uniform above. 

That the form of Ofocor/s inhabiting the region about Yuma, Arizona, 
together with the contiguous area along the Mexican border, should be 
so different from that of the mouth of the Colorado River, on the one 
hand, and adusta from the neighborhood of Fort Huachuca, on the other, 
is one of the surprises developed by the present investigation. Three 
of the specimens were collected by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns while acting 
as naturalist of the International Boundary Commission, and none of 
them were accessible to Dr. Dwight when he wrote his review of the 
group. Two winter specimens from Ash Meadows, in southern 
Nevada, though not quite typical of deucansiptila, are apparently much 
nearer this race than to either wmmophila or leucolema. Whether or 
not they represent the breeding Ofocoris of that locality is not at 


1This specimen is not quite typical, verging somewhat toward actia, 
Proc. N. M. vol, xxiv—01 5d 


866 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


present determinable. It is quite probable, however, that this will 
ultimately prove to be the case, for the region intervening between 
the known range of /ewcansiptila and southern Nevada is generally 
similar to that along the Mexican boundary, and of the breeding horned 
larks from this area we as yet know practically nothing. 

Eleven specimens have been examined, representing the localities 
that follow: 

Arizona.— Y uma. * 

California.—Coyote Well, San Diego County. 

Nevada.—Ash Meadows. 

Lower California.—Gardners Lagoon;* Colorado River at Monu- 
ment 204 (United States and Mexican boundary line). 


OTOCORIS ATLAS Whitaker. 


Otocorys atlas WuiraKker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VII, No. LIII, 1898, p. xlvii; 
Ibis, 1898, p. 604, pl. x1. 

Chars. sp.—Similar to Otocoris alpestris fava, but the nape much 
more rufescent, the throat and superciliary stripe paler, the horns 
longer. 

Measurements.—Male: wing, 111.2 mm.; culmen, 15 mm.; tarsus, 
20 mm. Female: wing, 102.5 mm.; culmen, 12.5 mm.; tarsus, 
17.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Glaoui,' Great Atlas Mountains, Morocco. 

Geographical distribution.—Atlas Mountains, Morocco. 

Description.—** Adult male. Resembles QO. elwes¢, but differs from 
that species in having the upper wing-coverts of a uniform sandy- 
brown colour, the same as the back, and not vinaceous, while the hind 
crown and nape are of a rich rufescent hue, and the upper throat of a 
pale sulphur colour. The black of the lower throat and of the cheeks 
is distinctly separated by a yellowish-white patch, as in O. alpestris, 
while the general colour of the upper parts, the black band over the 
base of the bill, the bill itself, and the long hornlets are all as in 0. 
pencillata. Iris brown; bill grayish black; legs black.’” 

‘Adult female.—General colour as in male, but wanting the black 
band on fore crown; the dark cheek-patch but faintly marked; black 
hornlets much shorter; lores and narrow streak over base of bill 
brownish instead of black; frontal light band soiled yellowish; crown 
streaked with dark brown; hind neck slightly rufescent. Soft parts 
as in male.” * 

This O¢ocoris differs from all the forms of both O. penicillata and 
O. longirostris in having a yellow throat, and additionally from the 
former in having the black of the jugulum separated from that of the 


1In the original description given as Glani, but this is eviden* a mistake. 
* Whitaker, Ibis, 1898, pp. 604-605. 
$Idem, p. 605. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 867 


auriculars. Although gonaidered by ‘its deseriber to ‘be nearest pen- 
zculata, it undoubtedly is most closely allied to a/pestris, being in fact 
possibly but a subspecies. 


OTOCORIS LONGIROSTRIS LONGIROSTRIS Moore. 


Otocoris longirostris Moors, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1855, p. 215 (Gould, manu- 
seript). 
Otocorys longirostris SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 536 (part). 

Chars. sp.—Similar to Otocoris alpestris flava, but differs in being 
very much larger, noticeably paler and more grayish, and in lacking 
any decided tinge of yellow about the head or throat. 

Measurements (two males).—Wing, 127.5-134 (average, 130.8) mm.; 
tail, 93-95 (average, 94) mm.; exposed culmen, 14-16 (average, 15) mm. ; 
tarsus, 23-24 (average, 23.5) mm.; middle toe, 13.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Vicinity of Agra, northern India. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, Cashmere; in winter, south 
to northern India. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 150216, U.S. 
N.M.; Namika-la Pass, Cashmere, June 26, 1893; Dr. W. L. Abbott. 
ack wings and middle tail-feathers sepia, the back streaked with 
buffy, the wings and middle tail-feathers margined with the same; rest 
of tail brownish black, the outer pair of feathers white on outer webs; 
cervix and bend of wing deep pinkish vinaceous; occiput and upper 
tail-coverts pinkish cinnamon; crown, horns, lores, cheeks and jugu- 
lum black; forehead, superciliary stripe, auriculars, subauricular 
region, chin, throat and rest of lower surface white, the sides and 
flanks tinged with cinnamon buff. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 125528, U.S.N.M.; Central 
Cashmere, September 23, 1891; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Sinilern to the 
summer dress, but almost uniform grayish ochraceous above, the black 
areas much obscured, and the sides of body more deeply shaded with 
cinnamon. 

Although commonly treated as a subspecies of ewes?, the present 
rorm should stand as the typical one, having been described long before 
any of its subspecific relatives. The name long/rostris undoubtedly 
applies to the very large bird which summers in Cashmere, as a careful 
examination of the original description shows. There is an apparent 
discrepancy about the type locality, for Moore gives as the range of 
his then new species simply the vicinity of Agra, which place appar- 
ently must be considered the type locality, although Dr. Sharpe cata- 
logues' as the ‘‘types of O. longirostris” a number of specimens 
collected by Major Hay in Kulu. 

The present species is apparently quite distinct from Otocor?s alpes- 
tris, but among its various subspecies there is such a striking parallel 


1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 536. 


868 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


development, particularly of the desert forms, that scarcely any one 
character will serve to distinguish all its races from all those of a/pestris. 

All the forms of Ofocoris longirostris may be readily separated from 
Otocoris alpestris flava, the only form of Otocoris alpestris that occurs 
in Asia, by their much paler, more grayish coloration, and at all 
seasons by the entire absence of yellow on either head or throat. The 
present race, typical /ongirostris, is the giant of the genus, exceeding 
in size every other form, Old World or American. In general tone 
of coloration above it is neither very light nor very dark. 

An adult male from Namika-la-Pass, Cashmere, is considerably 
smaller in most of its dimensions than a specimen from Central Cash- 
mere, but has a decidedly longer bill. Allowing for difference of 
season there is apparently no significant contrast in color. 


OTOCORIS LONGIROSTRIS ELWESI (Blanford). 


Otocoris elwesi BLANFoRD, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, p. 62. 

Otocorys nigrifrons PREJEWALSKY, ‘‘Mong. and Thibet, II, 1876, p. 103.” 
Otocorys teleschowi PREsEWALSKY, Ibis, 1887, p. 416. 

Otocorys elwesi SHARPE, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 534 (part). 

Chars. subsp.—Resembling Otocoris longirostris longirostris, bat 
decidedly smaller and less grayish on the upper surface, particularly 
in winter. 

Measurements (two matles).—Wing, 116.5-117.5 (average, 117) mm.; 
tail, 80-81 (average, 80.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-10.5 (average, 
10.3) mm.; tarsus, 22.5-23.5 (average, 23) mm.; middle toe, 11.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Kangra Lama Pass, Sikhim. 

Geographical distribution.—Thibet, including the northern and 
southern borders. 

Description.—Adult male (type).—‘* Narrow frontal band, lores, 
sides of head below the eye, and a band running back below the ear 
coverts, but not extending down the sides of the neck, crown of the 
head, two sincipital tufts, and the upper part of the breast black; fore- 
head above the black band, broad supercilia running back from it, with 
the ear coverts, sides of the neck intervening between the black of 
the cheeks and that of the breast, throat lower breast and abdomen 
white, nape, back of neck, rump and wing coverts pale greyish lilac; 
back pale fulvous brown with narrow dusky central stripes to the 
feathers, upper tail coverts long, pale brown with narrow central 
stripes and whitish edges; quills brown, the first primary with a white 
outer web, remaining primaries with narrow isabelline edges and tips 
which become white on the secondaries, the three last quills (tertiaries) 
and the central tail feathers brown with broad fulvous margins, the 
other tail feathers blackish with very narrow pale tips which can only 
be apparent in a freshly moulted specimen, the two outer rectrices on 
each side edged and tipped with white, most broadly on the outermost 
in which nearly the whole outer web is white; wing lining white; 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 869 


flanks fulvous; bill black above, pale near the base below; legs black, 
soles of feet yellowish.” ? 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 101985, U.S.N.M.; Sikhim, 
India, 1874. Back, wings and middle tail-feathers fuscous, all the 
feathers margined with ochraceous or buffy ochraceous; rest of tail 
brownish black, the outer feathers edged exteriorly with white; occi- 
put, cervix and bend of wing pinkish vinaceous, the two first streaked 
and clouded with brownish; upper tail-coverts deep vinaceous cinna- 
mon; forehead, superciliary stripe, part of auriculars, chin, throat, 
and under surface, except jugulum, white, shaded with cinnamon 
on sides and flanks, spotted with dusky on breast; crown, horns, 
lores, cheeks and jugulum black, more or less obscured by grayish 
tips of the feathers. 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 101986, U.S.N.M.; Darjeel- 
ing, India, 1874. Similar to the male, but more ochraceous above, 
the occiput, cervix and upper tail-coverts deep cinnamon ochraceous, 
streaked with brown; black of head either much mixed with ochra- 
ceous or replaced by brownish. 

Of the two names here treated as synonyms of ¢/zves/, the first, 
Otocorys nigrifrons Prejewalsky, has not been verified and is there- 
fore somewhat doubtfully identical. The other, Ofocorys teleschow? 
Prejewalsky, from northwestern Tibet, is possibly separable as a race, 
but with our scanty material we are unable to settle the question. In 
fact the dimensions Prejewalsky gives are more nearly those of s7b7rica_ 
than of ewes7, but unless the name is based on winter specimens from 
a more northern home, it is probably correctly located near or under 
the present subspecies. 

This race of the eastern Himalayas differs from lJong7rostr/s in its 
much inferior size and rather lighter more ochraceous colors, particu- 
larly on the upper surface. In winter dress the spotting of the breast 
is much more pronounced. 

As with most of the Old World forms of Ofocor7s the series at hand 
is too limited to render satisfactory any comparisons of individual 
variations. These are, however, probably much the same as obtain 
throughout the genus. 

Available material is lacking to establish the precise limits of the 
distribution of e/iwest to the westward along the Himalayas; or to the 
northward beyond the mountains of northern Tibet, if indeed it 
reaches the latter region. 


OTOCORIS LONGIROSTRIS PERISSA, new subspecies. 


Otocorys longirostris SHaRPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 536 (part). 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris 1. elwesi, but much larger, and 
more rufescent above. 


'Blanford, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, p. 62. 


870 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements (3 mates).—Wing, 120.5-125 (average, 123.5) mm.; 
tail, 87-90 (average, 88.3) mm.; exposed culmen, 12.5-14 (average, 
13.3) mm.; tarsus, 21.5-23.5 (average, 22.8) mm.; middle toe, 11-13 
(average, 11.8) mm. 

Type locality.—Tsokr Chumo Lake, Ladak. 

Geographical distribution.—Ladak, central Asia. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—Type, No. 162845, 
U.S.N.M.; Tsokr Chumo Lake, Ladak, July 11, 1897; Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Back cinnamon, with a rufescent tinge; wings and middle 
pair of tail-feathers fuscous, edged with buffy and cinnamon buff; 
occiput, cervix, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts pinkish vinaceous, 
palest on the last; crown, horns, lores, cheeks and jugulum black; 
forehead, superciliary stripe, auriculars, chin, throat and rest of lower 
surface white, the sides shaded with cinnamon and streaked with dusky. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 162844, U.S.N.M.; Fotu-la 
Pass, Ladak, 1897; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Back, rump, wings and 
middle tail-feathers sepia, the feathers all margined with buffy; 
cervix pale pinkish buff, streaked with sepia; upper tail-coverts 
cinnamon, with a pinkish tinge; black of crown mixed with buffy; 
auriculars grayish; otherwise like the breeding male. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 112625, U.S.N.M.; Jouttak, 
Ladak, September 15; J. Biddulph. Similar to the breeding male, 
but upper parts more uniform and much more grayish, the occiput, 
cervix and bend of wing more pinkish; the black of head obscured, 
and the breast slightly spotted with dusky. 

Young in first plumage.—No. 150217, U.S.N.M.; Khardong Pass, 
Ladak, July 13, 1898; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Upper parts clay color, 
each feather with a subterminal bar of sepia and a terminal spot of 
buffy; wings and tail sepia, margined with buffy white and ochraceous 
buff; sides of head mixed brownish and dull pale yellowish; chin and 
throat yellowish white; jugulum, breast and sides of body yellowish 
white, streaked and spotted with dark brown. 

Though heretofore always confused with dongirostris, this new race 
may be distinguished from. that form by its smaller size and more 
ochraceous or rufescent coloration above. In winter perzssa is appar- 
ently rather darker than /ongirostris. From elwes: the present race 
differs in being larger, considerably paler, and somewhat more 
erayish above. That neither this nor the following subspecies (OQ. @. 
argalea) is the same as Otocoris teleschowi Prejewalsky may at once 
be seen by a comparison of measurements. 

This is the only form of either penzcillata or longirostris of which: 
the young in first plumage is available for comparison. <A single 
specimen from Khardong Pass, Ladak, is here considered as belonging 
probably to perzssa, though no adults from the same place have been 
examined: Compared with the young of Otocoris alpestris alpestris, 


No, 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 871 


which it seems most closely to resemble, it differs in being much paler, 
more grayish above; the light buffy markings on head, back, rump 
and wings are broader and more conspicuous; the breast is much less 
yellowish, its dark spots smaller; the abdomen is almost pure white, 
and the throat has only a faint wash of yellow. 

The type of perissa is larger, darker on the cervix, and somewhat 
more reddish on the back than a similar specimen from Debring 
(Rupshu), Ladak, but these differences are probably not more than 
individual. 


OTOCORIS LONGIROSTRIS ARGALEA, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Resembling Otocoris 1. perissa, but very much paler 
and more cinnamomeous above. 

Measurements (one male).—Wing, 124 mm.; tail, 85 mm.; exposed 
culmen, 12 mm.; tarsus, 23 mm.; middle toe, 12 mm. 

Type locality.—Suget Pass, Kuen Lun Mountains, Chinese (Eastern) 
Turkestan. 

Geographical distribution.—Southwestern portion of Eastern Turke- 
stan. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—Type, No. 150218, 
U.S.N.M.; Suget Pass, Kuen Lun mountains, Eastern Turkestan, July 
28, 1893; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Upper parts pale buffy fawn color, the 
rump streaked with dark brown; occiput, cervix, bend of wing and 
upper tail-coverts pale pinkish vinaceous, the hind part of crown whit- 
ish; wings and middle pair of tail-feathers fuscous, edged with color 
of back; rest of tail black, the outer feathers margined exteriorly with 
white; fore part of crown, horns, lores, cheeks and jugulum black; 
forehead, superciliary stripe, auriculars, chin, throat and remainder 
of lower parts white, the sides and flanks tinged with cinnamon. 

A single adult breeding male from Suget Pass, in the Kuen Lun 
Mountains, Eastern Turkestan, differs so materially from the other 
forms of this species here recognized as to render almost certain the 
conviction that it represents an undescribed subspecies, which proba- 
bly inhabits at least the southwest-portion of the arid plateau of Kast- 
ern Turkestan. In color it most closely approaches szbzrica, being, 
however, considerably darker and less uniform above, the cervix and 
back more cinnamomeous. It is, moreover, very much larger.  Ofo- 
coris l. argalea is therefore a very pale edition of perissu, with the 
pinkish and rufescent areas of the latter much tinged with cinnamo- 
meous. From long/rostris it may be distinguished at sight by its very 
much lighter colored, more uniform upper surface, as well as by its 
inferior size. From ewes? it differs in larger size and paler upper 
surface. 


872 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


OTOCORIS LONGIROSTRIS SIBIRICA (Swinhoe). 


Olocorys sibirica SwinnHok, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 390. 

Otocorys albigula auct. (not of Bonaparte). 

Otocorys brandti Dresser, Birds Europe, IV, 1874, p. 397.—SuHarpr, Cat. Birds 
Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 536. 

Otocorys parvext TACZANowWSKI, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, I, 1876, p. 161. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris 1. argalea, bat much smaller, the 
upper surface paler and more grayish. 

Measurements (2 mates).—W ing, 108-111 (average, 109.5) mm.; tail, 
75-76 (average, 75.5) mm.; exposed culmen, 11 mm.; tarsus, 21—22.5 
(average, 21.8) mm.; middle toe, 12-12.5 (average, 12.3) mm. 

Type locality.—Pekin, China (winter). 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, Mongolia and southern 
Siberia west of the Amoor River; in winter, south to southeastern 
Russia, Turkestan, Eastern Turkestan and northern China. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 101984, 
U.S.N.M.; Kasolinse, Turkestan, 1878. Back, scapulars and rump 
almost uniform pale dull ochraceous buff, the feathers with rather 
darker centers; wings and middle pair of feathers fuscous, edged with 
color of back; rest of tail brownish black, the outer feathers margined 
exteriorly with white; upper tail-coverts pale cinnamon buff; occiput, 
cervix and bend of wing ecru drab; fore part of crown, horns, lores, 
cheeks and jugulum black; forehead, superciliary stripe, auriculars, 
chin, throat and remainder of lower surface white, the sides washed 
with cinnamon. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 100226, U.S.N.M.; Karghis 
Steppes, Siberia, February 3, 1880.—Much like the breeding male, 
but back darker and less uniform; occiput and cervix pale buffy with 
scarcely any pinkish tinge, and narrowly streaked with dark brown; 
black of head considerably mixed with grayish, or replaced by 
brownish. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 114660, U.S.N.M.; Katun 
Karagai, Siberia, December, 1881; Dr. Rey.—Similar to the summer 
male, but darker, decidedly more’ grayish above; the black areas 
somewhat obscured by grayish. 

The specific name a/bigula, so long applied to this horned lark, 
dates from Bonaparte,’ since the Alauda albigula of Brandt seems 
not to have been previously described. To whatever the latter’s 
name may have referred, there is now no doubt that the name a/bigula 
Bonaparte is to be considered a synonym of O. penicillata, as already 
shown by Dr. Dubois? and by Dr. Sharpe,? as well as by Mr. 
Dresser.‘ The earliest name for the present race is apparently O¢o- 


'Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 246. 

* Bull. Mus. Royal d’ Hist. Nat. Belgique, III, 1884, pp. 225, 229. 

*Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 536; see also under Otocoris penicillata. 
‘Birds Europe, 1V, 1874, p. 397. 


No.2. = REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 873 


corys sibirica Swinhoe, ostensibly adopted by him from Eversmann, 
but so far as it has been possible to ascertain Eversmann had never 
published this name. Although Dr. Sharpe’ synonymizes it with 
elwes/, it undoubtedly refers to the form called by him brandt7. My. 
Swinhoe, after describing the bird by comparison with QO. alpestris, 
says of it: ‘‘Sedentary and abundant in the high regions of Mongolia, 
whence it descends to Pekin in small numbers. This pretty lark loves 
the neighbourhood of the Mongol tents in winter.”” Since the resi- 
dent form of Mongolia—if, indeed, not entitled to separate subspecific 
distinction, as appears quite probable—is evidently nearer the bird 
from the region just south of Lake Baikal than it is to that of the 
Himalayas, the name which applies to it must be used for the Baikal 
form together with all else identical. The Baikal bird (from Dauria 
and Kiachta) has been named parvex?. by Taczanowski,’ and this by the 
adoption of the view above expressed becomes a synonym of s7birica 
Swinhoe. The form from the Kirghis Steppes in western Siberia, 
described by Dresser as Ofocorys brandti,* is apparently larger than 
that from Dauria, and a good series would probably serve to establish 
its claim to recognition, but otherwise it must be added to the syn- 
onymy of sthirica. The name Otocorys petrophila’ is commonly cited 
under this form, but though referring apparently to the bird from the 
Tian Shan Mountains, it is clearly a nomen nudum, and is entitled to 
no consideration. 

This is the smallest and palest of the forms of Jong/rostris, and 
may readily be identified by these characters. In size it is not so dif- 
ferent from ewes as from the others, but still is usually considerably 
smaller. Winter specimens occasionally in color resemble longirostris 
and perissa, but in such cases size is an infallible test. 

An adult winter male from Katun Karagai, Siberia, apparently 
belongs to this race, though it is considerably darker and more grayish 
above than the two other specimens. 


OTOCORIS BILOPHA (Temminck). 


Alauda bilopha Temminck, PI]. Col., III, 1823, pl. cexury, fig. 1. 
Otocoris bilopha BoNAPARTE, Conspectus Avium, I, 1850, p. 246. 
Otocorys bilopha Suarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 537. 


sae 2 


Chars. sp.—Similar to Otocor/s longirostris sibirica, but smaller, the 
upper surface very much more fulvescent. 

Measurements (one male).—Wing, 96.3 mm.; tail, 60 mm.; culmen, 
13.8 mm.; tarsus, 20 mm. 

Type locality.—E\ Akaba, southwestern Turkey in Asia. 


1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 534. 
*Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 390. 

> Bull. Soe. Zool. France, I, 1876, p. 161. 
*Birds Europe, IV, 1874, p. 401. 
>Severtzow, Journ. f. Orn., 1873, p. 379. 


874 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Geographical distribution.—Northwestern Arabia, with adjacent 
part of Turkey in Asia; Algeria; Morocco; casual in southeastern Spain 
(Valencia). 

Description.—Adult male.—*‘ Entirely bright sandy rufous above, 
with a vinous shade, and with darker rufous shaft-lines to some of the 
dorsal feathers; wing-coverts entirely sandy rufous like the back; 
quills dusky brown, externally sandy rufous and edged with white at 
the ends, the inner secondaries entirely sandy rufous, the first primary 
externally edged with white; centre tail-feathers sandy rufous with 
black shaft stripes, the remainder black, the penultimate feather edged 
with white near the end of the outer web, the outermost one white for 
nearly the whole extent of the outer web; crown of head sandy rufous 
like the back, with a vinous tinge; forehead and eyebrow white, suc- 
ceeded by a broad band of black across the fore part of the crown, 
continued into two long ear-tufts above the ear-coverts and reaching to 
the sides of the nape; nasal plumes, lores, feathers below the eye, fore 
part of ear-coverts black, this black patch extending down the centre 
of the cheeks; hinder ear-coverts and adjacent sides of neck, as well as 
the remainder of the cheeks and throat, white; a very broad crescentic 
band of black on the lower throat and fore neck; remainder of under 
surface from the chest downwards white, the sides of the breast vinous- 
sandy, and the sides of the body and thighs washed with vinous; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries white, the edge of the wing sandy; quills 
dusky below, ashy isabelline along the inner web: ‘bill dusky horn- 
colour, paler on the mandible; feet pale dusky horn-colour.’ 

‘‘In breeding-plumage the vinaveous colour of the upper parts 
becomes obliterated and the back is of a rufous-sandy colour; the head 
sometimes shows a white band behind the black frontal one.”? 

Otocoris bilopha seems most nearly related to the /ongirostris group, 
but is less in size than any of these, and is further distinguished by 
its uniform fulvescent buffy upper surface. 

The birds from Arabia are very possibly not the same as those from 
Algeria, particularly as their range does not seem to be continuous. 


OTOCORIS PENICILLATA PENICILLATA (Gould). 


Alauda penicillata GouLp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1837, p. 126. 

Otocoris penicillata Gray, Genera Birds, II, 1844, p. 382, pl. x1. 

Otocoris scriba BONAPARTE, Conspectus Avium, I, 1850, p. 246. 

Otocoris albigula BoNAPARTE, Conspectus Avium, I, 1850, p. 246. 

Otocoris larvata De Fiuiprr, Arch. Zool. Anat. and Phys., II, 1863, p. 382. 
Otocorys penicillata SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII. 1890, p. 530. 
Otocorys penicillata transcaspica FLORICKE, Die gefiederte Welt, 1898, p. 46. 
Otocorys penicillata tranica ZaRcpny and HArms, Orn. Monatsber., 1902, p. 53. 


Chars. subsp.—Resembling Otocoris longirostris longirostris, but 
very much smaller, the black of the auriculars continuous with that of 
the jugulum. 


1Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 538. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 875 


Measurements (two matles).—Wing, 116-118.5 (average, 117.3) mm.; 
tail, 80-82 (average, 81) mm.; exposed culmen, 11-13 (average, 12) 
mm.; tarsus, 22.5-23 (average, 22.8) mm.; middle toe, 12.5-13.5 
(average, 13) mm. 

Type locality. —Erzeroum, Asia Minor. 

Geographical distribution.—Asia Minor, the Caucasus and Persia, to 
Afghanistan and Baltistan, Central Asia. 

Description.— Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 101982, 
U.S.N.M.; Bereketti, Taurus, Asia Minor, April 30, 1876; C. G. 
Danford. Upper parts drab gray, the feathers with dark brown cen- 
ters; upper tail-coverts. chiefly ecru drab; occiput and cervix dull, 
deep vinaceous, this color slightly tinging the bend of the wing; 
wings fuscous, margined with the color of the back; middle pair of 
tail-feathers fuscous, edged with paler; rest of tail black, the two 
outer pairs of feathers with white external margins; crown, long 
horns, lores, cheeks, sides of throat, lower throat and jugulum black; 
forehead, superciliary stripe, chin, center of throat and remainder of 
lower surface white, the sides of the body washed with buffy and 
obscurely streaked with dusky. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 126852, U.S.N.M.; Skardu, 
Baltistan, January 28, 1892; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Very much like the 
summer dress, but more uniform above, the vinaceous of occiput and 
cervix being entirely covered by grayish like the back; black areas 
obscured by grayish. 

Adult female.—** Wants the black band across the crown, the head 
and back being very distinctly streaked with blackish brown; the whole 
general appearance of the bird more dusky than in the male.” ! 

The Ofocoris scriba of Bonaparte” is a pure synonym of penieillata 
Gould, having been obtained at the type locality;* and a similar fate 
apparently attends Otocoris larvata De Filippi, from Persia. With 
regard to Otocoris albiqgula Bonaparte,” of which mention has already 
been made under Ofocoris 1. sebérica, and which, judging even by the 
original description, can apply only to some form of penicillata, Dr. O. 
Finsch has, by request, very kindly furnished the following particu- 
lars: *‘'To this species [| O. penicellata| belongs, without doubt, Otocoris 
albigula Bp. Consp., p. 246 (ex Alp. Russ. As.), based on the specimen 
in our museum, which bears by Temminck’s own handwriting the 
label, ‘Alauda albigula Brandt, par le Mus. St.-Pétersbourg, Alpes de 
Russien? * * * It agrees very well with the figure cited above 
[Gray, Genera of Birds, H, pl. 92], and has, so far as I can judge from 
the description, nothing to do with Reichenow’s Otocoris penicillata 
balcanica.” 


1Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 531. 
*Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 246. 

3See Severtzow, Ibis, 1883, p. 61. 

*Arch. Zool. Anat. and Phys., 11, 1863, p. 382. 


876 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXIV. 


Although ‘‘Alpes de Russien” is rather an indefinite locality, it seems 
most probable that the reference is to the mountains of the Caucasus, 
where the bird is well known to occur. 

Otocoris penicillata with its various races differs from all the other 
horned larks, except berlepschi, in having the throat completely encir- 
cled by black—that is, the black of the cheeks not separated from that 
of the jugulum by a white area. The horns of this species are, more- 
over, much longer than in dong?rostris or alpestris. Typical penicillata 
is, excepting balcanica, apparently the darkest and most grayish race. 

A winter male from Skardu, Baltistan, is rather more ochraceous 
throughout the upper parts than a specimen from the Taurus Moun- 
tains, Asia Minor, near the type locality, being thus to a degree inter- 
mediate between penzcellata and oreodrama, though very much nearer 
the former. Good series of specimens from both Baltistan and Asia 
Minor might show the bird from the former locality to be a recogniz- 
able subspecies, whose name would probably be larvata De Filippi. 


OTOCORIS PENICILLATA BALCANICA Reichenow. 
Otocorys penicillata baleanica ReicHenow, Ornith. Monatsber., III, 1895, p. 42. 


Chars. subsp.—Like Otocoris penicillata penicillata, but considerably 
darker above.’ 

Type locality.—Bosnia.” 

Geographical distribution.—The Balkan Peninsula, southern Europe. 

In the original account of this form no detailed description is given, 
and as no specimens have been available, none can be presented here. 
The essential portions of Dr. Reichenow’s diagnosis follow: 

Sie unterschiedet sich yon der typischen O. penicillata insbesondere durch inten- 
sivere weinrothliche Fiirbung des Hinterkopfes und Nackens und dunkleren 
graubraunen Ton des Ruckens und der Fligel. Ferner ist der Schnabel im allge- 
meinen etwas linger und die schwarze Stirnbinde wie die Kropfbinde breiter. 

From this it seems to be a recognizable race, though closely allied 
to Otocoris penicillata penicillata, differing principally in the deeper 
colors of the upper surface. 

The records of O¢ocoris penicillata in Kurope* doubtless belong here. 


OTOCORIS PENICILLATA OREODRAMA, new subspecies. 


Otocorys pallida SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 533 (part, not of 
Dwight). 
Otocorys diluta Suarre, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 670 (part). 
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris penicillata penicillata, but slightly 
paler, more uniform above, as well as very much more cinnamomeous. 


'Dr. Reichenow (Ornith. Monatsber., III, 1895, p. 42) gives no measurements, but 
states that the bill is rather longer than in true O. penicillata. 

* Dr. Reichenow in a letter says that his type specimens came trom here. 

* Reiser, Ornith. Jahrbuch, 1890, p. 106. 


No. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. aye 


Measurements (2 matles).—Wing, 115-118 (average, 116.5) mm.; tail, 
83-87.5 (average, 85.3) mm.; exposed culmen, 10-11 (average, 10.5) 
mm.; tarsus, 21—23.5 (average, 22.3) mm.; middle toe, 12-12.5 (average, 
12.3) mm. 

Type locality.—Tagdumbash Pamir, central Asia. 

Geographical distribution.—In summer, Tagdumbash Pamir, and 
probably Ferghana; in winter, extending to the western portion of 
Eastern Turkestan. 

Description.—Adult male in breeding plumage.—Type, No. 150222, 
U.S.N.M.; Tagdumbash Pamir, central Asia, June 16, 1894; Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Back and rump dull grayish ochraceous, streaked with dark 
brown; upper tail-coverts cinnamon, with pinkish tinge, the longer 
ones with darker centers; occiput, cervix and bend of wing deep vina- 
ceous; wings and two middle tail-feathers fuscous, margined with the 
color of the back, the tips of the secondaries broadly white; rest of 
tail black, the outer feathers white on exterior webs; crown, horns, 
nasal plumes, lores, cheeks, sides of throat, and jugulum black; fore- 
head, superciliary stripe, auriculars, chin, center of throat and rest 
of lower parts white, the sides tinged with cinnamon. 

Adult male in winter plumage.—No. 112624, U.S.N.M.; Kashgar, 
Eastern Turkestan, December, 1873; J. Biddulph. Similar to the 
summer male, but upper surface more uniform and more grayish; 
cervix more pinkish; black areas obscured by grayish. . 

Adult female in winter plumage.—No. 150223, U.S.N.M; Turngart 
Pass, Tian Shan Mountains, central Asia, September 20, 1893; Dr. 
W. L. Abbott.—Resembling the winter male, but more ochraceous 
above, the nape less pinkish, the black of head mixed with grayish and 
ochraceous, the breast washed with buff and spotted obsoletely with 
dusky. 

This form has heretofore been confounded with penicillata or diluta, 
or both, and though to some extent intermediate between these two, is 
easily recognizable upon comparison. It seems to be nearest penicillata, 
from which it differs in the slightly paler, more uniform upper surface, 
and in the strongly cinnamomeous shade of the same parts, the exposed 
surface of the upper tail-coverts being cinnamon, instead of pinkish 
vinaceous. From dzcornis it may be distinguished by its larger size, 
less uniform upper parts, more pinkish nape and occiput, and much 
more grayish coloration. 


OTOCORIS PENICILLATA DILUTA (Sharpe). 
Otocorys pallida SHarprr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 533 (not of 
Dwight). 
Otocorys diluta SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 670. 
Otocoris penicillata diluta Ricumonp, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1895, p. 578 


(part). 
Chars. subsp.—Resembling Otocoris penicillata oreodrama but 
decidedly paler, more buffy on the upper surface. 


878 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Measurements (1 male).—Wing, 120 mm.; tail, 82 mm.; exposed 
culmen, 11.5; tarsus, 22 mm.; middle toe, 12 mm. 

Type locality.—Kashgar, Eastern Turkestan." 

Geographical distribution.—W estern part of Eastern Turkestan. 

Description.—Adult male in» breeding plumage.—No. 150221, 
U.S.N.M.; Bulan Kul, Eastern Turkestan, April 2, 1894; Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Back, scapulars, rump and upper tail-coverts uniform pale 
cinnamon buff, with ill-defined shaft lines of brown, the rump with a 
pinkish tinge; occiput, cervix and bend of wing ecru drab; wings 
and middle pair of tail-feathers fuscous, the latter and the innermost 
secondaries broadly margined with the color of the back, the remainder 
of the wings edged with buffy and whitish; rest of tail black, the 
outermost feathers margined on exterior webs with white; crown, 
horns, lores, cheeks, sides of throat, lower throat and jugulum black; 
forehead, superciliary stripe, auriculars, chin, center of throat and 
rest of lower surface white, the sides of body tinged with cinnamon. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 150219, U.S.N.M.; Bulan 
Kul, Eastern Turkestan, April 1, 1894; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Similar 
to the male, but back and rump with much admixture of dark brown; 
the cervix ochraceous buff, obsoletely streaked with dark brown; bend 
of wing with but little tinge of pinkish; crown dull ochraceous buff, 
streaked with blackish; auriculars buffy; black of cheeks much mixed 
with buffy and grayish. 

Readily distinguished from both penzcillata and oreodrama by its 
much paler and much more buffy upper parts, the back being almost 
uniform pale cinnamon buff. It differs from dzcornzs in larger size, 
paler upper parts, more pinkish occiput, cervix, bend of wing and 
superior tail-coverts. Females of diluta may be separated from 
females of the other races of penicillata by their paler, more bufty 
coloration. 


OTOCORIS PENICILLATA BICORNIS (Brehm), 


Phileremos bicornis BrEum, Vogelfang, 1855, p. 122 (Hemprich manuscript). 
Otocorys bicornis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 532. 
Otocorys penicillata var. bicornis DuBois, Synopsis Avium, Pt. 7, 1901, p. 451- 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Otocoris p. diluta, but smaller and rather 
darker; the cervix, bend of wing and upper tail-coverts more cin- 
namomeous. 

Measurements (3 males).—Wing, 110-112.5 (average, 111.5) mm; 
tail, 67.5-72.5 (average, 70.7) mm.; exposed culmen, 14-15 (average, 
14.5) mm.; tarsus, 20-23 (average, 21.4) mm.; middle toe, 12.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Syria. 

Geographical distribution.—Syria and northern Palestine. 


1Dr. Sharpe, through Mr. C. Chubb, has kindly furnished this information regard- 
ing the type locality. 


NO. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS—OBERHOLSER. 879 


Description.— Adult male in breeding plumage.—No. 37887, 
U.S.N.M.; Mount Hermon, Palestine, June 4, 1864. Upper surface 
dull ochraceous, the feathers with dull brown centers; upper tail- 
coverts cinnamon; occiput, cervix and extreme bend of wing dull 
pinkish vinaceous; wings and midale tail-feathers fuscous, margined 
with buffy and ochraceous; rest of tail brownish black, the outer 
feathers edged outwardly with white; fore part of crown, horns, lores, 
cheeks, sides of throat, lower throat and jugulum black; forehead, 
superciliary stripe, auriculars, chin, center of throat and rest of lower 
parts white, the sides tinged with cinnamon. 

Adult female in breeding plumage.—No. 37835, U.S.N.M.; sum- 
mit of Mount Hermon, Palestine, June 2, 1864. Similar to the sum- 
mer male, but rather darker, duller and more uniform above, the 
cervix less pinkish, the black of crown much mixed with dull ochra- 
ceous. 

Dr. Sharpe says’ that Hemprich’s Alauda bicornis, which was cur- 
rent so long as a mere manuscript or label name, had never been pub- 
lished, and he adopts it” as the designation of the present race, the one, 
as Dr. Sharpe himself shows, to which it undoubtedly refers. But the 
Phileremos bicornis of Brehm,* which Dr. Sharpe quotes under Ofocoris 
bilopha, is with equal certainty applicable to the same bird, as a careful 
examination of the description proves.*| Brehm here adopts Hemprich’s 
name, and notes in addition that other authors have referred A/auda 
bicornis to Alauda bilopha. Moreover, the description and locality 
apply much better to the present bird than to Otocoris bilopha. 

The few available examples of this bird are in very much worn sum- 
mer plumage, but are sufficient to indicate that bécornzs is an excellent 
race. It differs from penécillata in smaller size, and in the more uni- 
form cinnamomeous and ochraceous colors of the upper parts. 


OTOCORIS BERLEPSCHI Hartert. 


Otocoris berlepschi Harrerr, Journ. f. Orn., 1890, p. 108; Kat. Vogelsamml. 
Senkenburg, 1891, p. 37. 
Otocorys berlepschi Harter?, Ibis, 1892, p. 522, pl. xin. 

Chars. sp.--Nearest. Otocoris penicillata penicillata, but very difter- 
ent by reason of its entirely black chin and throat, together with its 
cinnamomeous breast, abdomen, and upper surface. 

Measurements (type). —W ing, 106mm.; tail, 70 mm.; culmen, 12 mm.; 
tarsus, 22 mm. 


1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 532. *Tdem. 

$Vogelfang, 1855, p. 122. 

‘This is as follows: ‘‘3) Die langhérnige Wustenberglerche, Phileremos bicornis, 
Brm. (Alauda bicornis, Hemp. A. bilopha, auct.).. Der Schnabel und die Horner 
sind viel linger als bei Nr. 1 [=Phileremos alpestris=Olocoris alpestris flava] und 2 
[=Phileremos rufescens= 0. a. flava] und ihre Keble weisslich; kommt wahrscheinlich 
aus Syrien nach den griechischen Inseln.”’ 


880 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Type locality. —Caftraria, South Africa. 

Geographical distribution.—Caftraria, South Africa. 

Description.—** Top and sides of the head, chin, throat, and upper 
breast black, with a faint purplish gloss; ear-coverts tipped with pale 
brown; occiput, hind neck, interscapular region, smaller upper wing- 
coverts, and tail-coverts bright vinaceous cinnamon; outer and inner 
webs of all the quills brown, faintly margined and tipped with brown- 
ish grey; tail dark brown, central pair and outer webs of lateral rec- 
trices paler brown; lower parts bright vinaceous cinnamon, spotted 
with brown on the breast and whitish along the middle of the abdomen. 
The bill is of the somewhat acute form of that of Otocorys bilopha.” * 

This remarkably distinct species was discovered some twelve years 
ago by Mr. Hartert among the mounted birds of the Senkenberg 
Museum at Frankfort-on-the-Main,; and the single specimen has 
remained unique. Although not examined in the present connection, 
it belongs without doubt to Otocoris, though in pattern and details of 
coloration it is very different from any other member of this group. 
Though apparently most closely allied to Otocoris penicillata penieil- 
lata, it differs from this as well as from all the other horned larks in 
the solid black throat, chin and forehead, cinnamomeous abdomen 
and lower tail-coverts, together with the brown outer web of the 
ninth primary. 

The only data accompanying the type specimen was a slip of paper 
fastened to the stand, and bearing the legend *‘ A/auda? Caffraria.” 
As Mr. Hartert thinks, the bird probably came from the interior of 
South Africa, though there must of necessity be some doubt until 
additional examples shall have been secured from an unquestionable 
locality. 


1This quotation is taken from Mr. Hartert’s article in the Ibis for 1892, pp. 522- 
523. The original description (Journ. fiir Orn., 1890, p. 103) is as follows: ‘‘Otocoris, 
pileo toto, penicillis brevibus, regione ophthalmica et parotica, gutture pectoreque 
nigris; notaeo, corporis lateribus, subcaudalibus plus minusve pallide rufis; gastraeo 
medio sordide albido; remigibus fumosis, pogonio externo canescente, primae remigis 
pogonio externo non albo; cauda fumoso-nigricante, colore albo nullo.”’ 

‘“Diese prachtvolle neue Ohrenlerche, die in ihrer Schnabel-gestalt mit Otocoris 
bilopha (Temm.) tibereinstimmt, in ihrer Grésse der O. alpestris nahekommt, in der 
Farbung mit keiner der bekannten Arten Aenlichkeit hat, erlaube ich mir zu Ehren 
meines hochverehrten Freundes, Frhr. H. yon Berlepsch * * * zu benennen.”’ 


881 


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REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARK 


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S's als icisis)S\sin\aicialnislp ciainies = clsisinicise sisiaissisen aie 1a tot) 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XLIII 


Homes OF (1) OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS PRATICOLA, WOOSTER, OHIO; 
AND (2) O. A. LEUCOLZMA, STAKED PLAINS, NEAR DIMMITT, 
TEXAS. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XLIV 


HOMES OF OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS LEUCOLAMA. 


1. Near Stillwater, Nevada. 2. Toyabe Mountains, Nevada. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. XLV 


HOMES OF (1) OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS GIRAUD!I, SHORE OF MATAGORDA Bay, 
TEXAS; AND (2) O. A. ADUSTA, HUACHUCA MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA. 


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DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS FROM 
THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 


By Mary J. Ratueun, 


Second Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates. 


The species and subspecies here described are the result chiefly of a 
study of the vast collection of shrimps from the coast of Alaska south- 
ward to San Diego, California, which have been accumulating for 
many years in the United States National Museum, and have been 
obtained largely by the United States Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross. Besides the shrimps, one new crab, an Ovegonia, was 
dredged by the A/batross during her cruise in Bering Sea in 1900. 

In connection with the publication of the Decapod Crustacea of the 
Harriman Expedition, it is proposed to give a list of the forms known 
to inhabit the coast of western America (north of Mexico) and to 
more fully describe and figure the new and little-known species. 


Family MAIID. 
OREGONIA BIFURCA. 


Surface tuberculate and hairy. Postorbital width two-thirds of 
branchial width. Rostral horns divergent from their base. Basal 
joint of antenna armed on its outer edge with a stout blunt subter- 
minal spine and three small spines, one of which is at the anterior 
angle. Inner surface of merus of chelipeds bordered by short blunt 
spines; propodus slightly longer than merus, fingers and palm sub- 
equal, margins of palm subparallel. Dactyli of ambulatory legs con- 
tained about one and a third times in their propodi. 

Dimensions.—Lenegth of carapace and rostrum 26.5 mm., width of 
sarapace 19.6 mm., width between tips of postorbital spines 13 mm., 
length of horn measured along the inner edge 3.4 mm., distance 
between tips of horns 3.5 mm. 

Type locality.—One specimen only, a female, was taken by the U.S. 
Fish Commission steamer A/hatross at station 3785, north of Rat 
Islands, Aleutians, 270 fathoms (Cat. No. 25287). 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MuUSEuM, VoL. XXIV—No. 1272. 
885 


886 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. —_ Vou.xx1v. 


Family CALLIANASSID 2. 


CALLIANASSA GONIOPHTHALMA. 


Closely allied to C. cectgena Alcock and Anderson. Rostrum 
reaching barely one-third the length of the eyes. No median carina, 
but a slight blunt elevation near the posterior margin corresponding 
to the strong tooth in C. cxecigena. Eyes oblong, sides subparallel, 
reaching nearly to end of first antennular segment. Chelipeds of the 
first pair shaped as in C. cecigena, but the carpus of the larger one is 
devoid of a spine, the palm is not serrated on its lower margin, its 
outer surface has a few tubercles irregularly disposed on the distal 
lower quarter; the pollex has on the cutting edge a stout tooth which 
is nearer the middle than in C. cxecigena. The second to fifth seg- 
ments, inclusive, of the abdomen are without spines, the telson has 
subparallel side margins. 

Dimensions.—Length of carapace of male 30.5 mm., of abdomen 
67.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Oft Point Conception, California, 278 fathoms, sta- 
tion 3198, U. S. Fish Commission steamer <A/batross, one male (Cat. 
No. 25288). 

Distribution.—Also dredged in 322 fathoms in Clarence Strait, 
Alaska, station 3077. g 


Family AXIIDZ. 


AXIUS SPINULICAUDA. 


Gastric region traversed by five carine, all of which fade out before 
reaching the cervical groove; the median extends along basal third of 
rostrum and is armed with four spines; the outer carine are a continua- 
tion of the side margins of the rostrum, and are unarmed, as are also 
the shorter intermediate carinze. Surface covered with rather distant 
scabrous granules. Rostrum reaches middle of second joint of anten- 
nular peduncle, is sharp-pointed, and has five spines on one side and 
six on the other. Second segment of antennular peduncle a little 
longer than the third, both together shorter than the first. The 
scaphocerite projects as far as the middle of the second segment of the 
antennula, the stylocerite to end of penult joint of antennal peduncle. 
First pair of chelipeds missing. Abdomen smooth above; pleura 
sculptured and pubescent; telson elongate, subquadrilateral, lateral 
margins spinulous, dorsal surface with a few spines; swimmerets 
spinulous. 

Dimensions.—Female, length of carapace and rostrum 19.6 mm., 
rostrum 3.5 mm., abdomen 31.5 mm. 

Type locality.—One specimen only, from off Bodega Head, Califor- 
nia, 62 fathoms, station 3172, U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross 
(Cat. No. 25239). 


ore 


No. 1272. NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—RATHBUN. 


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CALASTACUS QUINQUESERIATUS. 


in 

Allied to C. felix Alcock and Anderson. 

Carapace and rostrum as long as first five abdominal somites; surface 
pitted and setose. Rostrum reaches end of second antennular segment, 
is tipped with a spine, side margins armed with three to seven spines, 
and prolonged two-thirds the length of gastric region, where they bear 
five or six spines; these prolongations form a horseshoe. Median 
carina with from two to six spines. Intermediate carina with from 
three to five spines. Eyes colorless, globular. Stylocerite reaching 
to distal third of penult joint of peduncle; scaphocerite not reaching 
middle of stylocerite. Chelipeds unequal, the longer one in the male 
nearly as long as the body. Outer surface of carpus and hand covered 
with sharp granules or short spines; upper margin spinous, also lower 
inner margin of merus; lower outer margin of merus spinous; lower 
margin of propodus granulous. Margins of propodus subparallel, 
fingers shorter than palm in adult males, usually slightly gaping at 
base. 

Abdomen almost smooth, sides setose. Anterior margin of pleura 
of third, fourth, and fifth somites, and lower margin of sixth, armed 
with a small spine. Telson subquadrangular, broadly rounded behind, 
having a few lateral and one median marginal spine, and two larger 
dorsal spines. ; 

Dimensions.—Male, length of carapace and rostrum 28 mm., of 
abdomen 41 mm. 

Type locality.—San Luis Obispo Bay, California, 200 fathoms, sta- 
tion 3196, U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25240). 

Distribution.—Also taken at six other stations on the coast of 
southern California, in 160 to 388 fathoms. 


Family PEN AID. 
GENNADAS BOREALIS. 


Allied to G. parvus Bate. Rostrum longer, reaching at least half 
way along the eyestalk, sometimes to the cornea; armed with one 
tooth. Median carina very distinct nearly to posterior border of 
carapace. A sharp marginal spine at angle of antero-lateral sinus. 
The antennal scale projects beyond the antennular peduncle by about 
the length of the last segment of the peduncle. Chelee of first pair of 
feet narrow and elongate as in the succeeding pairs. Sixth abdominal 
somite more than twice as long as fifth, carinate. A small lateral 
spine at the posterior fourth of the telson. The thelycum differs from 
that of G. parvus in having the transverse plate between the feet of 
the fourth pair subquadrilateral, narrow in front, and that between 
the fifth pair fan-shaped, narrow behind, anteriorly rounded, and with 


888 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


a blunt median point. The leaves of the andricum are small and not 
in contact. 

Dimensions.—Male, length of carapace and rostrum, 13.6 mm.; of 
abdomen, 29 mm. 

Type locality.—Oft Copper Island, Kamchatka, 1,567 fathoms, station 
3783, U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25241). 

Distribution.—Also taken in Bering Sea, north of Rat Islands, 
Aleutians, 850 fathoms, station 3784. 


Family CRANGONIDZ. 
Genus CRANGON. 


a. Group of C. nigricauda, in which the carapace has only one median spine. and the 
gastric region is not depressed below the general level. 


CRANGON ALASKENSIS ELONGATA. 


Dr. 8. J. Holmes, in his very useful Synopsis of California Stalk- 
Eyed Crustacea,’ has given the synonymy and diagnoses of seven species 
of Crangon known to occur on the west coast of the United States. I 
would exclude Crangon alaskensis Lockington from the synonymy of 

’ nigricauda Stimpson, and raise it to specific rank, as in a large 
series of specimens it differs from C. nigricauda in the antennal scale 
being a little longer and much narrower distally, the extremity of the 
blade not produced at the antero-internal angle, the spine longer; the 
first pair of trunk feet shorter; hands more slender, their distal margin 
more oblique. C. nigricauda ranges from British Columbia to Lower 
California, C. alaskensis from Bering Sea to Straits of Fuca. 

Typical C. alaskensis passes by insensible gradations into a form 
occurring off the coast of California and Oregon in 9 to 53 fathoms, 
which differs in its longer and narrower rostrum, in the outer anten- 
nular flagellum falling considerably short of the antennal scale, in the 
much longer scale, equal to the length of the carapace exclusive of the 
rostrum, in the fourth segment of the abdomen showing signs of cari- 
nation, in the telson flattened above, though scarcely grooved, while 
its tip is more acute than in typical C. a/ashensis. 

Dimensions.—Length of ovigerous female from tip of rostrum to 
tip of telson, 55.7 mm.; length of carapace, 13.5 mm.; of antennal 
scale, 11.6 mm. 

Type locality.—Ott Santa Barbara, California, 29 fathoms, U.S. Fish 
Commission steamer A/batross stations 2970 and 2971 (Cat. No. 25242). 


CRANGON HOLMESI. 


Allied to C. alba Holmes in not having a groove on the under side 
of the sixth abdominal somite. Carapace a third as long as abdomen; 
rostrum short, narrow, triangular, tip rounded. Antennal scale as 


1 Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, VII, 1900. 
~ ’ 3, 


NO. 1272. NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—RATHBUN. 889 


long or nearly as long as the carapace, exclusive of rostrum. Maxilli- 
peds exceeding scale, antepenult segment not dilated. Hand elongate, 
about three times as long as wide. 

Dimensions.—Ovigerous female, length, 23 mm.; of carapace, 5.3 
mm.; of antennal scale, 4.2 mm. 

Type locality.z-Ott Wilmington, California, 27 fathoms, U.S. Fish 
Commission steamer A/batross station 2939 (Cat. No. 25243). 


CRANGON DALLI. 


Rostrum long and narrow. Acicle about seven-tenths as long as 
carapace, obliquely subtruncate, inner angle of extremity rounded, 
receding, spine extending beyond the blade to no greater extent than 
anterior width of blade. Hands widening from proximal to distal 
end, distal margin transversely oblique, length of palm about two and 
two-thirds its width. Sixth abdominal somite with two blunt promi- 
nent carine, which are the most distinguishing feature of the species. 

Dimensions.—Length of ovigerous female, 61.5 mm.; of carapace, 
16.2 mm.; of scale, 11.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Bering Sea, off Cape Seniavin, Alaska, 30 fathoms, 
U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross station 3287 (Cat. No. 25244). 

Distribution.—One of the most abundant of Alaskan shrimps. 
Ranges from Bering Sea to Washington and to Kurile Islands, in 4$ 
to 61 fathoms. 


CRANGON FRANCISCORUM ANGUSTIMANA. 


Differs from typical C. franciscorum chiefly in the shape of the 
hands, which are narrower, the difference being greater in the male 
than in the female (in the male the length is five and a half times the 
width), the dactylus is more longitudinally placed, the pollex is more 
transverse and nearer the proximal end of the hand. 

Dimensions. —Length of female 70.6 mm., of carapace 18.9 mm., of 
scale 13 mm. 

Type locality.—Oft Chuckanuts Island, Bellingham Bay, Washing- 
ton, 11 fathoms, station 3612, U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross 
(Cat.No. 25245). 

Distribution.—Ranges from British Columbia to Oregon, in 23 to 
67 fathoms. 


b. Group of C. communis, in which the carapace has two median spines and the gastric 
region is not depressed below the general level. ' 


CRANGON RESIMA. 


Anterior of median spines much the smaller. Rostrum advanced 
beyond eyes, ascending, and having, in full-grown individuals, an 
inferior plate, thin, compressed, spatulate. Second segment of anten- 
nular peduncle three times as long as third. Hands shorter than in 


890 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. — VOL. XXIV. 


C. communis, three times as long as broad; their anterior margin and 
also the dactylus, when flexed, are more longitudinal than in C. com- 
munis. 

Dimensions.—Length of ovigerous female 48.3 mm., length of 
carapace 12.2 mm., of scale 8.2 mm. 

Type locality.—Off San Diego, California, 124 fathoms, U. 8. Fish 
Commission steamer A/batross station 2935 (Cat. No. 25246). 

Distribution.—Ranges from Monterey Bay, California, to San 
Domingo Point, Lower California, 44 to 266 fathoms. 


CRANGON ABYSSORUM. 


Integumentvery thin. Anterior of median spines minute. Rostrum 
linear, flattened above, acute, ascending at an angle of 30 degrees, 
below compressed. Eyes very large, hemispherical, inner faces flat 
and contiguous. Second segment of antennulz about one and a half 
times as long as third. Maxillipeds exceeding scale by half length of 
terminal segment. Manus widening distally, length three times width, 
dactylus more longitudinal than transverse. Sixth abdominal somite 
having two prominent dorsal carinz and a short, low, lateral carina. 

Dimensions.—Lenegth of female 61 mm., of carapace and rostrum 
17 mm., of scale 10.3 mm. 

Type locality.—Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, 1,771 
fathoms, station 3603, U. 8S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. 
No. 25247). 

Distribution.—Extends from Bering Sea to southern end of Cali- 
fornia, in 685 to 1,771 fathoms. 


c. Group of C. munita, in which the gastric region is depressed below the general level of the 
carapace. 


CRANGON ACCLIVIS. 


Compared to C. munita Dana, the lower lateral spine of carapace 
is further back, the anterior median spine is much larger and farther 
forward, projecting well in front of the posterior line of the orbits; 
the rostrum is narrower, ascending at an angle of about 45 degrees, 
and the anterior margin of the hand is more longitudinal. 

Dimensions.—Length of male 24.8 mm., length of carapace 7.4 mm., 
of scale 3 mm. 

Type locality. —Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 266 fathoms, sta- 
tion 2948, U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25248). 

Distribution.—Dredged from off the Trinity Islands, Alaska, to 
southern California, 80 to 266 fathoms; scarce. 


CRANGON VARIABILIS. 


Like (. muuzta, but carapace nearly half as long as abdomen, ros- 
trum convex from behind forward, tip rounded and thickened. Outer 


NO. 1272. NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEA NS—RATHBUN. 891 


margin of antennal scale concave. Second to fifth, inclusive, and 
sometimes the first, somites of abdomen carinated, and except on the 
first and second the carina is usually high, laterally compressed, and 
blunt. 

Dimensions.—Female, length of body 32.2 mm, of carapace 9.2 mm. 


Type locality.—Off North Head, Akutan Island, Alaska, 72 fathoms, 
station 2842, U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25249). 
Distribution.—Ranges from Bering Sea to southern Ca'ifornia, 72 
to 184 fathoms. 
CRANGON SPINOSISSIMA. 


Compared to C. variabilis, the lower lateral spine of the carapace is 
more nearly in line with the superior lateral spine; the anterior median 
spine is larger and farther forward, advancing to a .ine in front of the 
posterior line of the orbits; rostrum narrower, longer, acute, and more 
ascending; hand longer and narrower. Differs from all allied species 
in having the somites of the abdomen armed laterally with spines. 

Dimensions. —¥emale, length of body 36 mm.. of carapace 10.5 mm. 

Type locality.x—Off Point Arena, California, 51 fathoms, station 
3351, U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25250). 

Distribution.—Offt Oregon and California, 51 to 96 fathoms. 


CRANGON SPINIROSTRIS. 


Differs from all others of the munita group in having a long sub- 
erect spiniform rostrum. Anterior median gastric spine similar to the 
rostrum. Orbital spine slender and ascending, antero-lateral spine 
directed upward and outward. Third, fourth, and fifth abdominal 
somites carinated. 

Dimensions.—Female, length of body 35.4 mm., of carapace 10.5 
mm. 

Type locality. —North of Unalaska, 399 fathoms, station 3329, U. 8. 
Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25251). 


SCLEROCRANGON ALATA. 


A small species allied to S. boreas. Carapace only slightly broader 
than long, surface sculptured and pitted, two spines and a tubercle on 
mediancarina. Antero-lateralangles broadly alate. Spine of antennal 
scale advanced as far as or farther than the blade. Hand less than 

twice as long as broad. Abdominal pleura without spines. 

— Dimensions.—Male, length 38 mm., length of carapace 11 mm., width 
at branchial spine 10.7 mm. 

Type locality.—Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms, station 
2865, U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25252). 

Distribution.—From Bering Sea to Puget Sound, 6 to 91 fathoms. 


892 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


NECTOCRANGON DENTATA. 


Differs from 1. Jar (Owen), with which it has been confused, in the 
carinz of the sixth abdominal somite ending in a small sharp tooth or 
spine, and the more elongate hand, which is about five or more than 
five times as long as its width across the palm. 

Dimensions.—Female, length of body 73 mm., of carapace 19 mm., 
of hand 10 mm., width of palm 2.1 mm. 

Type locality.—Offt Sitkalidak Island, Alaska, 69 fathoms, station 
2855, U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25253). 

Distribution.—From Bering Sea eastward to Sitka and westward 
to Kamchatka, 6 to 96 fathoms. 


NECTOCRANGON OVIFER. 


A deep-water species, also closely related to 1. dar. Median crest 
of carapace higher, spines more ascending, anterior marginal spines 
above the eyes longer and more deeply separated, eyes larger, abdomen 
shorter, median carina higher, carine of sixth somite terminating in a 
small spine or tooth. Eggs larger than in JV. far or 1. dentata. 

Dimensions.—Female with eggs, length 60 mm., length of carapace 
17.4 mm. 

Type locality. —Oft the Trinity Islands, Alaska, 159 fathoms, station 
28538, U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25254). 

Distribution.—F ound in Bering Sea and along the Alaska Peninsula, 
56 to 368 fathoms. 


NECTOCRANGON CALIFORNIENSIS. 


Allied to WV. ovifer. Eyes smaller, spine of antennal scale project- 
ing not so far beyond the blade, hands having the digital spine situated 
nearer the wrist, and the distal margin in consequence more longitu- 
dinal; above all, the first and second abdominal somites are nonearinate, 
and the carina of the third and fourth somites is rather feebly devel- 
oped. 

Dimensions.—Male, length of body 31 mm., of carapace 8.6 mm. 

Type locality.—Off Santa Catalina Island, California, 80 fathoms, 
station 3664, U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 
25255). 

NECTOCRANGON LEVIOR. 


Allied to WV. erassa Rathbun, but has the first four abdominal somites 
noncarinate, except for a tubercle on the first, and the carine of the 
fifth and sixth somites less clearly marked than in that species. The 
pleura of all the somites have shallow depressions. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 47.7 mm., length of carapace 13.1mm. 


No. 1272. NEW DECAPOD- CRUSTACEA NS—RATHBUN. 893 


Type locality.— Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms; station 
2865, U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25256). 

Distribution. —Oceurs sparingly from Aleutian Islands to Puget 
Sound, in 10 to 68 fathoms. 


Family HIPPOLYTID. 
Genus, SPIRONTOCARIS. 
a. Species having one or more supraorbital spines. 
SPIRONTOCARIS ARCUATA. 


Very closely allied to, and in part associated with, S. spina (Sow- 
erby). In the adult female, the upper line of carapace and rostrum in 
profile forms a single curve, without the sinus shown in S. spina; 
posterior lobe of third abdominal somite shorter and broader than in 
that species, sixth segment considerably shorter, less than one and a 
half times as long as wide; dactyliof third to fifth pairs of feet shorter 
than in S. sp/na, that of last pair being contained at least three times 
in propodus. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 53.8 mm., length of carapace and 
rostrum 20 mm., of rostrum 8 mm. 

Type locality.—Washington Sound, Straits of Fuca, 48 fathoms; 
station 2864, U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25257), 

Distribution.—From Bering Sea to Straits of Fuca, in 3 to 350 
fathoms. 

SPIRONTOCARIS MURDOCHI. 


Hippolyte spinus Murpocn, Report Internat. Polar Exped. to Point Barrow, 
Alaska, 1885, p. 140 (not Cancer spinus Sowerby). 


Allied to S. spina (Sowerby) and S. liljeborgii (Danielssen). De- 
scription of female: Rostrum three-fourths as long as remainder of 
‘arapace, not reaching tip of antennal scale; midrib nearly horizontal; 
upper limb convex, 20 to 22 small irregular teeth; lower limb deeper, 
convex, | to 4 small teeth near end. Eyes as wide as the antennular 
peduncle and half its scale. Spine of antennal scale advanced about 
as far as blade. Dactyli of last three pairs of feet long and slender, 
that of last pair half*as long as propodus. Abdomen not carinate; 
sixth segment three-fourths as broad as long. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 46.6 mm., length of carapace and 
rostrum 17 mm., of rostrum 7.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Oft Robben Island, east coast of Saghalin, Okhotsk 
Sea, station 3650, U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. 
No. 25258). 

Distribution.—Also taken on the east coast of Kamchatka and Arctic 
coast of Alaska. 


894 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


SPIRONTOCARIS TRUNCATA. 


Allied to S. spina. Carapace armed with 4 median spines; rostrum 
subtriangular, widest at the extremity, about three-fifths as long as 
carapace, midrib curving upward, upper margin with 1 spine at its 
middle, extremity with 7 spines, 2 above and 4 below the midrib. 
Supraorbital spines 2, equal, large, 1 behind, not above the other, 
distant. 

Dimensions.—Length of male 14 mm. 

Type locality.—Heceta Bank, Oregon, 50 fathoms, station 2886, 
U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25259). 


SPIRONTOCARIS SNYDERI. 


Near S. bispinosa Holmes. Median spines of carapace 3 or 4, sep- 
arated from the rostral teeth, which are 5 or 6 on the upper margin 
and 8 or 40n the lower. Rostrum shorter than carapace, much the 
shape of that of S. bespenosa, excepting that the midrib is more rapidly 
ascending and ends in a short point, the upper lamina is shallower and 
of rather even depth. Antennal peduncle reaches only about one- 
third length of scale. Dactyli of third, fourth, and fifth pairs of feet 
a third or less than a third as long as their propodi. 

Dimensions.—Ovigerous female, approximate length, 28 mm.; 
length of carapace and rostrum, 9.4 mm.; of rostrum, 4.4 mm. 

Type locality.—Monterey Bay, California, J. O. Snyder, collector 
(Cat. No. 25260). 

Distribution.—From Puget Sound to Lower California. 


SPIRONTOCARIS SICA. 


Near S. bispinosa Holmes. The posterior tooth of the carapace is 
considerably in front of the middle. Rostrum shorter than in S. 
bispinosa, both upper and lower lamin narrower and extending nearer 
the tip. Second segment of antennular peduncle three times as long 
as third segment. Outer maxillipeds reach beyond antennal scale. 
Thoracic feet longer and slenderer than in S. b¢spznosa, the first pair 
overreaching the antennular peduncle. The maxilliped and the first 
foot only are provided with an epipod. 2 

Dimensions. —Female, length 58 mm., length of carapace and ros- 
trum 24.8 mm., of rostrum 12.8 mm. 

Type locality.—Santa Barbara Channel, 265 fathoms, station 3200, 
U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25261). 

Distribution.—Found only on the coast of California, 211 to 464 
fathoms. 

SPIRONTOCARIS DALLI. 


Allied to S. ochotensis (Brandt). Rostrum longer, reaching nearly 
to end of antennal scale, midrib straighter, less sinuous, terminating 


No. 1272. NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—RA THBUN. 895 


ina single sharp spine; teeth 6 to 8 above, 3 to 4 below. Last three 
pairs of thoracic feet longer and more slender than in S. ochotensis; 
sixth abdominal segment longer, being more than one and a half times 
as long as the fifth segment. 

Dimensions.—Female, approximate length 38 mm., length of cara- 
pace and rostrum 13.6 mm., of rostrum 6 mm. 

Type locality.—Coal Harbor, Unga Island, Alaska, 8 to 9 fathoms, 
W. H. Dall, collector (Cat. No. 25262). 

LNstribution.—Alaska, 6 to 20 fathoms. 


SPIRONTOCARIS UNALASKENSIS. 


Agrees with S. polaris (Sabine) and differs from all other species 
which possess a supraorbital spine, in the maxilliped being without an 
exognath, while it and the first two pairs of feet are provided with an 
epipod. Female: Posterior median spine of carapace situated at the 
anterior third (rostrum excluded). Rostrum longer than acicle, dorsal 
spines 4 or 5, 2 on carapace and 2 or 3 at base of rostrum; no upper 
limb on distal portion, lower limb shallow, convex, 3-spined in front 
of middle. Eyes large, pyriform. Third segment of antennules less 
than half as long as second. Antennal peduncle extending nearly to 
end of second segment of antennular peduncle. Hinder portion of 
third abdominal segment very prominent; sixth segment about one 
and two-thirds times as long as fifth. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 60 mm., carapace and rostrum 26.5 
mm., rostrum 14.5 mm. 

Type 'ocality.—North of Unalaska, 350 fathoms, station 3331, U. S. 
Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25263). 


SPIRONTOCARIS VICINA. 


Allied to the preceding; second foot without an epipod. 

Female.—Dorsal spines 7 or 8 (2 on carapace), the anterior not very 
near tip of rostrum; inferior spines 4. Second segment of antennular 
peduncle about three times as long as third; basal scale falls consider- 
ably short of second joint of peduncle. Antennal peduncle does not 
reach middle of second segment of antennular peduncle. 

Dimensions.—A female with rostrum and telson incomplete meas- 
ures 39 mm. from the orbit to the end of the sixth abdominal somite. 

Type locality.—North of Unalaska, 309 fathoms, station 3316, U. S. 
Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25264). 


SPIRONTOCARIS WASHINGTONIANA. 


Female.—Posterior median spine at anterior fourth of carapace 
(rostrum excluded). Rostrum slender, half as long as carapace, nearly 
horizontal, slightly sinuous, dorsal spines 4 (2 on carapace), 3 teeth 
below on anterior third. Second segment of antennular peduncle 


896 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIV. 


three times as long as third; basal scale two-thirds as long as first 
segment. Acicle two-thirds as long as carapace, oblong-lanceolate; 
peduncle reaching middle of acicle. Outer maxilliped extends beyond 
antennal scale by half the length of its last segment; without exopod, 
but with an epipod; first three pairs of feet with epipods. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 39 mm., of carapace and rostrum 14 
mm., of rostrum 5 mm. 

Type locality. —Oft Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 685 fathoms, station 
3071, U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25265). 


b. Species having no supraortital spine. 
SPIRONTOCARIS FLEXA. 


Very near S. gracilis (Stimpson); differs chiefly in longer basal scale 
of antennula, reaching a little beyond first segment, in lower position 
of pterygostomian spine, in the presence of epipods on the maxilliped 
and first two pairs of feet. 

Dimensions. —Female, length 54 mm., of carapace and rostrum 20 
mm., of rostrum 11.5 mm. 

Type locality.—North of Bird Island, Shumagins, Alaska, 21 fathoms, 
station 2850, U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25266). 

Distribution.—From Bering Sea to Drakes Bay, California, 10 to 
93 fathoms. 


SPIRONTOCARIS DECORA. 


Rostrum longer than carapace, 4 to 5 superior teeth (1 to 2 on 
carapace), anterior tooth in front of middle of rostrum; rostrum less 
slender than in S. gracilis or S. flexa, a little concave above, nearly 
horizontal; 6 to 8 teeth below. Maxilliped without exognath, but 
with an epipod; no epipods on feet. Posterior margin of third 
abdominal segment strongly produced at the middle, but the seement 
is not laterally pinched or carinated; sixth segment longer than 
seventh. 

Dimensions.—Female, approximate length 47 mm., length of cara- 
pace and rostrum 16.4 mm., of rostrum 9 mm. 

Type locality.—Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 150 fathoms, 
station 2946, U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25267). 

Distribution.—From Straits of Fuca to San Diego, California, 50 
to 171 fathoms. 


SPIRONTOCARIS TRIDENS. 


Allied to S. gracilis, S. fleca, and S. decora, but stouter. Superior 
teeth 3, 1 on carapace and 2 at base of rostrum; inferior 3 to 6. Basal 
scale of antennules with a spine which extends nearly to end of second 
seoment. Acicle, measured along its outer margin, a little shorter 
than carapace. Third abdominal somite well produced backward and 


NO. 1272. NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—RATHBUN. 897 


its posterior portion carinated, the carina defined on either side by a 
deep groove like the imprint of a nail. 

Dimensions. —Female, approximate length 61 mm.; length of cara- 
pace and rostrum 22 mm., of rostrum 12.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms, station 
2865, U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25268). 

Distribution.—From Aleutian Islands to Washington, to a depth of 
48 fathoms. 

SPIRONTOCARIS TOWNSENDI. 


Closely allied to S. gaimardii, and may be compared with S. 
gaimardii belchert (Bell), which is the only form of S. gaimardii 
known to occur on the Pacific coast, and which ranges from the Arctic 
shores of Alaska and Siberia southward to Sitka. 

In the female of S. townsend, the rostrum reaches almost or quite 
to the end of the acicle and is armed above with 5 to 7 spines (2 on 
carapace), below with 3 to 6 spines; lower limb deeper than in SN. 
gaimardii belcheri; rostrum nearly straight. Pterygostomian spine 
very small. Scale at base of antennula reaches end or nearly to end 
of second segment; second segment scarcely longer than third. 
Antennal scale almost as long as carapace. The maxillipeds reach to 
distal fourth of antennal scale; the fifth pair of feet do not attain end 
of maxilliped. 

Third abdominal segment smoothly rounded, without lobe or angle 
in a profile view; posterior margin produced moderately backward at 
the middle. Fourth segment devoid of a lateral spine; telson provided 
with 3 or 4 lateral spinules on each side. 

Dimensions.—Female, approximate length 60.5 mm.; length of 
carapace and rostrum 20 mm., of rostrum 10.6 mm. 

Type locality.—Washington Sound, Straits of Fuca, 48 fathoms, 
station 2864, U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25269). 

Distribution.—From Bering Sea to Puget Sound, 21 to 114 fathoms. 


SPIRONTOCARIS MOSERI. 


Of the gaimardii group, but the maxilliped is without exognath, 
and the maxilliped and the first foot only are provided with an epipod. 
Rostrum about as long as or longer than carapace; teeth 6 to 8 above 
(2 on carapace), 4+ to 7 below. Antennal spine strong; pterygostomian 
small. Eyes large, pyriform. The antennular peduncle reaches to 
the middle or the distal third of antennal scale; second segment a little 
longer than third; spine of basal scale reaches to middle of second 
segment. Antennal peduncle very stout and nearly as long as anten- 
nular; scale narrow-ovate, its outer margin about five-sevenths as long 
as carapace. The maxillipeds exceed the scale by one-fourth or more 
of the length of the last segment. The first pair of feet overreach the 


IEEocs uM. vol. xxiv—Ol———57 


898 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


antennular peduncle, the second pair reach tip of maxillipeds, the fifth 
pair extend to or beyond end of antennal scale. Dactyli of third, 
fourth, and fifth pairs short, very stout, and armed with strong spines. 
Upper margin of thirdabdominal segment in profile smoothly rounded; 
posteriorly the segment is strongly produced over the fourth, which 
has a spine on either side; sixth twice as long as fifth; seventh longer 
than sixth; 4 or 5 lateral spines. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 57 mm.; length of carapace and ros- 
trum 22.7 mm., of rostrum 11.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Ott Segouam, Aleutians, 283 fathoms, station 3480, 
U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25270). 

Distribution.—Bering Sea, southward and eastward to Washington, 
60 to 516 fathoms. 


SPIRONTOCARIS MAXILLIPES. 


Very near S. moser7, but distinguished as follows: Rostrum shorter, 
about four-fifths as long as carapace, teeth 5 to 8 above, 2 to 6 below. 
The antennular peduncle reaches two-thirds or more of the length of 
the antennal scale; second segment a little longer than in S. moser7; 
spine of basal scale scarcely reaches middle of second segment, or may 
not extend beyond first. The antennal peduncle does not reach beyond 
second segment of the antennular; scale about two-thirds length of 
carapace. More than one-half of the last segment of outer maxilliped 
extends beyond scale. No epipods on feet. Minute spinule on fourth 
abdominal somite; sixth somite one and a half times fifth; spinules of 
telson commonly three on each side. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 48.9 mm.; length of carapace and ros- 
trum 18.4 mm., of rostrum 8.6 mm. 

Type locality.—Off Segouam, Aleutians, 283 fathoms, station 3480, 
U.S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25271). 

Distribution.—Al\so taken at stations 3330, 3331, and 3338; depth, 
350 to 625 fathoms. 


SPIRONTOCARIS BRACHYDACTYLA. 


Closely allied to the three immediately preceding, but distinguished 
from them by the short fingers of the first chelipeds, which are not 
more than a third as long as the palm. Rostrum distinctly shorter 
than carapace, 6 teeth above (1 on carapace), 3 below. No pterygos- 
tomian spine. Like S. maxillipes, the feet are devoid of epipods. 

Dimensions.—Leneth of ovigerous female, exclusive of rostrum 
and telson, 24.8 mm.; length of carapace (rostrum excluded) 7.7 mm. 

Distribution.—Southern California, 266 to 417 fathoms; type locality, 
off Santa Cruz Island, 266 fathoms, station 2948, U. S. Fish Commis- 
sion steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25272). 


No. 1272. NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—RATHBUN. 899 


SPIRONTOCARIS KINCAIDI. 


Near S. camtschatica (Stimpson). Rostrum one-third longer than 
carapace, horizontal, slightly concave above, 5 teeth above (2 on 
carapace), 5 teeth below. Antennular peduncle reaching about two- 
fifths length of antennal scale, second and third segments very short 
and subequal, basal scale reaching end of second segment. Antennal 
peduncle almost as long as antennular, scale tapering, exceeding the 
carapace. No exognath, but an epignath on maxilliped. No epipods 
on feet. Abdomen strongly bent at third somite, which is produced 
backward in a strong lobe; fourth somite spineless. 

Dimensions.—Ovigerous female, approximate length 36.5 mm.; 
length of carapace and rostrum 13.6 mm., of rostrum 7.7 mm. 

Type locality. —Oft Santa Cruz, California, 21 fathoms, station 3124, 
U. 8S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25278). 

Distribution.—Also taken on coast of Washington in 37 to 40 
fathoms. 


SPIRONTOCARIS BIUNGUIS. 


Also of the gaimardii type, but easily distinguished by the very 
large, pyriform eyes, the cornea covering the greater part of the 
peduncle, by the longer rostrum, which is from one and a fourth to 
one and two-thirds times as long as the remainder of the carapace, by 
the maxilliped possessing an exopod and an epipod, while the feet 
are destitute of epipods, and by the dactyli of the last three pairs of 
feet armed with a long subterminal spinule, which, folding against the 
slender tip of the dactylus, gives the appearance of a minute chela. 

Dimensions.—Lenegth of egg-laden female 83 mm., length of cara- 
pace and rostrum 37.6 mm., length of rostrum 23.2 mm. 

Type locality. —Off Cape St. James, Queen Charlotte Islands, British 
Columbia, 876 fathoms, station 2860, U. S. Fish Commission steamer 
Albatross (Cat. No. 25274). 

Distribution.—From Bering Sea to Oregon, 109 to 987 fathoms. 


SPIRONTOCARIS STONEYI. 


A small species near S. cristata (Stimpson). Rostrum about half 
as long as carapace, upper margin convex, armed with 7 to 9 teeth 
(1 to 2 on carapace), unarmed and straight near tip; tip pointed; one 
tooth near tip below. A strong antennal, a slender pterygostomian 
spine. Antennular peduncle reaching to middle of antennal scale; 
second segment one and a half times as long as third; outer scale not 
reaching end of first segment. Antennal scale as long as carapace, 
spine reaching as far as blade; peduncle reaching to a little beyond 
first segment of antennular peduncle. Fourth abdominal somite 


900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


unarmed; sixth somite more than one and a half times as long as 
fifth and equal to the telson, which has three pairs of lateral spines. 
Dimensions.—Female, length 20 mm., length of carapace and ros- 
trum 5.5 mm., of rostrum 1.8 mm. 
Type locality.—Bering Sea, latitude 62° 15’ north, longitude 167° 48’ 
west, 203 fathoms, Lieut. George M. Stoney, U.S. N., collector, June, 
1884 (Cat. No. 25275). 


SPIRONTOCARIS MACROPHTHALMA. 


Allied to S. macilenta (Kroyer) and S. bispinosa Holmes. Rostrum 
about three-fourths or five-sixths as long as carapace, upper and lower 
limbs with convex margins and widest at about the middle of their 
length; 10 to 14 teeth above (2 or 3 on carapace), 1 to 3 spines below; 
tip acute. No supraorbital nor pterygostomian spine. Eyes large, 
pyriform, corner extending almost to base of eyestalk on inner side, 
eye reaching two-thirds length of first antennular segment; this segment 
twice as long as second, and second three times as long as third. The 
blade of the antennal scale exceeds the spine considerably, and is most 
advanced toward its inner margin. Outer maxillipeds slender, reach- 
ing midway between end of antennal peduncle and end of scale. Last 
three pairs of feet long, fragile, unarmed. 

Differs from S. macilenta in the much larger eyes, longer rostrum, 
of which the upper limb is narrowed at its base; from S. db¢spinosa in 
the absence of a supraorbital spine and of the long slender process of 
the rostrum. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 62.6 mm., length of carapace and ros- 
trum 24 mm., of rostrum 11 mm. 

Type locality.—Ott Tawhit Head, Washington, 178 fathoms, station 
3076, U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25276). 

Distribution.--Ranges from Unalaska to California, 178 to 636 
fathoms. 


Family PANDALID. 
PANDALUS JORDANI. 


Near ?. borealis Kreyer. Rostrum similar to that of P. borealis, 4 
to 17 spines above (4 on carapace), 7 to 10 below. Blade and spine of 
acicle equally advanced. Carpus of right cheliped of second pair 
divided into 19 to 22 segments; of left cheliped, into 58 to 63 seg- 
ments. Dactyli of last three pairs of feet contained from 23 to 2% 
times in their propodi. Third abdominal somite carinated in its pos- 
terior half, and with a slight lobe at the posterior third, which may 
almost disappear in large specimens. 

Dimensions.—Ovigerous female, length 124.5 mm., length of cara- 
pace and rostrum 59.5 mm., of rostrum 38 mm. 


NO. 1272. NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—RATHBUN. JOU 


Type locality.—Oft Santa Cruz Island, California, 155 fathoms, sta- 
tion 2949 (Cat. No. 25277). 
Distribution. —From Unalaska to southern California, 35 to 178 
fathoms. 
PANDALUS MONTAGUI TRIDENS. 


Differs from 7”. montagui Leach of the North Atlantic in its some- 
what longer rostrum, which varies from 1} to 13 times length of cara- 
pace, the dorsal spines terminate behind the middle of the rostrum 
and the tip is usually trifid, while in typical 7. montaguz the rostrum 
is from 12 to 14 times the carapace, its dorsal spines reach to or in 
front of the middle, and the tip is bifid. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 104 mm., length of carapace and ros- 
trum 48.5 mm., of rostrum 30.2.mm. _ 

Type locality.—Otft North Head, Akutan Island, Alaska, 72 fathoms, 
station 2842, U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25278). 

Distribution.—From Bering Sea to Point Arena, California, 3 to 
351 fathoms, abundant. 


PANDALUS STENOLEFPIS. 


Near P. dane Stimpson. Differs in the stouter eyes, the transverse 
diameter as great as axial diameter; in the more slender acicle, which 
has a coneave outer margin, and distal half of blade very narrow and 
filiform, narrower than adjacent thickened portion; in the longer feet 
_ of first pair, reaching almost to extremity of maxillipeds; in the third, 
fourth, and fifth pairs of feet of the male, which, while shorter than 
those of the female, as in 7. dane, do not, as in that species, differ in 
shape from those of the female; in the tip of the rostrum, usually two- 
spined instead of three-spined. 

Dimensions.— Adult female, length 80 mm., length of carapace and 
rostrum 37.2 mm., of rostrum 21 mm. 

Type locality.—Straits of Fuca, 40 fathoms, station 3464, U.S. Fish 
Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25279). 

Distribution.—From Aleutian Islands to Oregon, 27 to 125 fathoms. 


PANDALOPSIS ALEUTICA. 


Allied to P. ampla Bate and 7. lamelligera (Brandt). Surface pu- 
bescent. A curved, longitudinal branchial ridge present. Superior 
spines 8 to 13, 4 to 6 behind orbits, the insertion of the posterior 
spine at middle of carapace, anterior spine (exclusive of a subterminal 
spine) behind middle of rostrum; inferior spines 8 to 12. Peduncle 
of antennula extends a little past middle of antennal scale; second 
segment 15 times as long as third. Peduncle of antenna reaching to 
end of second segment of antennula; scale three-fourths to four-fifths 
as long as carapace, broader behind than in /?. ampla. The outer 


902 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


maxillipeds extend either to the tip or nearly to the tip of antennal 
scale. Feet of second pair subequal, carpal segments 18 to 21. 
Third, fourth, and fifth pairs of feet subequal, dactyli subequal. 
Dimensions.—Adult female, length 132 mm., length of carapace 
and rostrum 61.5 mm., of rostrum 33 mm. 
Type locality.—Ott Segouam, Aleutians, 283 fathoms, station 3480, 
U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25280). 


PANDALOPSIS LONGIROSTRIS. 


Near 7’. aleutica. Rostrum more than twice the length of remainder 
of carapace, strongly upturned. Antennal scale as long as carapace. 
Chel of second pereiopods with fingers almost as long as palm. 

Dimensions.—Male, length 112 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 
59 mm., of rostrum 41 mm. 

Type locality.—Off Hiuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 309 fathoms, station 
3316, U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25690). 


PANDALOPSIS DISPAR. 


Rostrum from 2 to 24 times as long as the rest of the carapace; 
superior spines 16 to 21,3 or4 on carapace, posterior spine at anterior 
third of carapace, spines extending along whole length of rostrum; 
inferior spines 9 to 15, tip bifid. Carpal segments of second pair of 
feet, 26 to 338. Third, fourth, and fifth pairs of feet nearly equal, their 
propodi increasing in length in the order named, while the dactyli 
increase in reverse order. Outer branch of swimming fan about as 
long as telson; inner branch much shorter. 

Dimensions.—Length of female 181 mm., length of carapace and 
rostrum 100.5 mm., of rostrum 73.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Chernoftski Harbor, Unalaska, 109 fathoms, station 
3324, U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25281). 
Distribution.—From Bering Sea to Washington, 53 to 351 fathoms. 


Family PONTONIID i. 
PONTONIA CALIFORNIENSIS. 


Rostrum more than one-third the length of remainder of carapace, 
very narrow, deflexed, reaching middle of second antennular segment; 
this is one and a half times as long as third, both together half as long 
as first. Antennal scale scarcely exceeding antennular peduncle; 
antennal peduncle reaching end of scale. Of the first pair of feet the 
merus and carpus are subequal, the propodus a little shorter than the 
carpus, palm and fingers subequal. Right foot of second pair miss- 
ing, merus of left foot short and stout, carpus cup-shaped, palm and 
fingers subequal in length, palm two-thirds as broad as long, fingers 


CUM» 


Seely e-t 


No, 1272. NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—RATHBUN. 903 


gaping, prehensile edges denticulate, fringed with long hair. Dactyli 
of last three pairs of feet provided with a subterminal and a terminal 
spine. Telson twice as long as sixth somite, two pairs of long lateral 
appressed spines inserted on anterior half. 

Dimensions.—Length of carapace and rostrum 6.7 mm., of rostrum 
1.8 mm., of abdomen 9 mm. 

Type locality.—Offt Santa Cruz Island, California, 30 fathoms, station 
2945, U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross (Cat. No. 25282). 


Family PALASMONID. 
PALZEMONETES KADIAKENSIS. 


Rostrum about as long as carapace, 6 or 7 teeth above (1 behind 
orbit), 2 or 3 below. Antennular peduncle reaching about four-fifths 
the length of antennal scale. Scale as long, or nearly as long, as 
carapace, oblong, blade projecting considerably beyond scale. Outer 
maxillipeds very slender, reaching when extended only a small bit 
beyond antennal peduncle. Feet of first pair nearly to end of scale, 
carpus longer than merus, and more than twice as long as propodus, 
fingers and palm subequal. Feet of second pair reaching beyond 
scale by half length of propodus, carpus 13 times merus, propodus 
three-fourths of carpus and no wider than in the first pair, fingers 
shorter than palm. Sixth abdominal somite twice as long as fifth and 
as long as telson. 

Dimensions.—Length of female, 39 mm., of carapace and rostrum 
15 mm., of rostrum 7 mm. 

Type locality.—Kadiak Island, Alaska, under stones at low water; 
William J. Fisher, collector (Cat. No. 6246). 


UROCARIS INFRASPINIS. 


General appearance of U. /ongicaudata Stimpson. Differs in having 
an antennal spine on the carapace, a distinct ocellus outside the cornea, 
in having the palm and fingers of the first pair of feet subequal, the 
carpus of the second pair subequal to the merus, the palm a little 
shorter and the fingers still shorter, and in having the sixth abdominal 
somite shorter than the carapace (rostrum excluded) and less than twice 
as long as fifth somite. 

Dimensions.—Female with eggs, length of carapace and rostrum 
6 mm., of rostrum 2.5 mm., of abdomen 15 mm. 

Type locality.—Gult of California in Concepcion Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia, U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25283). 

Distribution.—San Diego Bay, California, and Gulf of California. 


904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


Family OPLOPHORID 4%. 
HYMENODORA FRONTALIS. 


Surface covered with very fine wrinkles or rugose lines. Rostrum 
from two-fifths to one-half as long as remainder of carapace, reaching 
end of antennular peduncle; it is a slender sharp-pointed spine, distal 
half slightly curved upward, basal half armed above with from 3 to 6° 
small spines (2or3 on carapace). Antennular spine minute; antennal 
spine strong; from it a sharp carina runs back subparallel to the side 
margin and quite to the posterior margin. A blunt ridge on the 
branchial region. A deep groove extends obliquely downward and 
backward from the orbital sinus nearly to the lateral carina. Eyes 
without pigment, witha slender blunt spine on inner margin. Anten- 
nal scale lanceolate; peduncle reaching end of first antennular seg- 
ment. Abdomen devoid of a median carina or median spines; sixth 
somite 24 times as long as fifth and between three-fourths and four- 
fifths as long as telson. 

The unusually long rostrum distinguishes this from other species of 
Hymenodora. 

Dimensions.—Male, length of carapace and rostrum 19 mm., of 
rostrum 6.5 mm., of abdomen 32.5 mm. 

Type locality.—West of Unalaska, 322 fathoms, station 3327, U. 8. 
Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25284). 

Distribution.—From Bering Sea and Kamchatka to off Monterey 
Bay, California, 322 to 1,771 fathoms. 


Family PASIPHAID. 
PARAPASIPH SERRATA. 


Allied to P. giles7i Wood-Mason. Carapace and rostrum as long as 
first five abdominal somites. The median carina extends backward to 
the posterior fifth of the carapace and forward along the high thin 
rostrum, which extends to middle of eyestalks; carina a little concave 
at middle of carapace, anteriorly sloping downward and armed with 
16 small teeth or spines, two of which are on the rostrum and one is 
terminal; below this spine the rostrum is a compressed finely crenulate 
lobe. Antennular scale as long as basal joint of peduncle. Antennal 
scale nearly half as long as carapace proper. Fingers of first pair of 
feet equal to palm in length; third pair (tip broken off) equal to cara- 
pace exclusive of rostrum; fourth and fifth pairs have the terminal 
joint narrow-oyal, fifth pair the longer and two-thirds the length of 
carapace. First three abdominal somites noncarmate, fourth termi- 
nating in a thin compressed spine. 

Dimensions.—Egg-laden female, length of carapace and rostrum 
23.6 mm., rostrum 1.8 mm., abdomen 42 mm. 


NO. 1272. NEW DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—RATHBUN. 905 


Type locality.—Ott Cortez Bank, California, 984 fathoms, station 
2919, U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25285). 


PASIPHAEA PACIFICA. 


Carapace distinctly carinated, carina anteriorly sharp and termi- 
nating in a rather slender sharp-pointed tooth or spine, which falls 
far short of the anterior margin. The branchiostegal sinus is an 
obtuse angle; the branchiostegal spine is situated over the angle of 
the sinus. Eyes dark brown. The merus of the first pair of feet is 
either unarmed or may have one to three spines. First abdominal 
somite noncarinate; second to sixth, inclusive, carinate; telson four- 
fifths as long as sixth somite; its extremity has a deep notch. 

Dimensions.—Female, length 64.8 mm., carapace 20.3 mm. 

Type locality.—Oft Point Sur, California, 328 fathoms, station 3186, 
U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25286). 

Distribution. —From Unalaska to Gulf of California in 53 to 399 
fathoms. 

PASIPHAZZA EMARGINATA. 


Near P. faxoni (new name= /?. acutifrons Faxon, not Bate). Differs 
in longer carapace, which is equal to the first five segments and one- 
half of the sixth segment of the abdomen; more sinuous branchial 
ridge; less prominent median carina; smaller gastric tooth; longer 
telson, which has a very shallow notch, scarcely forked. 

Dimensions.—Length of female 81 mm., length of carapace 33.3 mm. 

Type locality.—Gulf of California, 857 fathoms, station 3009, U.S. 
Fish Commission steamer A/hatross (Cat. No. 25552). 


PASIPHAAA CORTEZIANA. 


Carapace very bluntly carinated behind gastric tooth, which is denti- 
form and does not overreach margin of front; branchiostegal spine 
near antero-lateral angle, just behind anterior margin; antero-lateral 
sinus forming an obtuse angle; eye-stalks slightly enlarged distally, 
eyes reddish brown; abdomen not carinated; telson with a deep notch. 

Dimensions of male.—Length 64 mm., length of carapace 23.8 mm. 

Type locality.—Near Cortez Bank, California, 776 fathoms, station 
3627, U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25553). 


PASIPHAA AFFINIS. 


Differs from P. corteziana in its shorter carapace (equal to the first 
four and half the fifth segment of the abdomen), without median carina, 
and in the abdomen being carinated. 

Dimensions.—Length of male 67 mm., length of carapace 22 mm. 

Type locality.—Near Cortez Bank, California, 984 fathoms, station 
2919, U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross (Cat. No. 25691). 


A NEWLY FOUND METEORITE FROM ADMIRE, LYON 
COUNTY, KANSAS. 


By Grorce P. MERRILL, 
Head Curator of Geology. 


Concerning the fall of the meteorite here described, little if any- 
thing is definitely known, the material being plowed up in a very badly 
oxidized condition, indicating that it had laid for a long time in the 
soil. A correspondent informs me that some thirty years ago a 
meteorite was seen to fall in the vicinity, but nothing was found at 
the time. It is possible that this may be the material, for certainly 
its condition would indicate that it must have been exposed for many 
years. 

The first piece found was plowed up by Mr. W. Davis, of Admire, 
Kansas, about ten years ago, the original mass weighing some 12 or 
15 pounds. This was all broken up and lost, with the exception of 
some 432 grams obtained by the United States National Museum. 

In addition to these there were obtained three masses weighing, 
respectively, 2,048, 5,460, and 6,720 grams. There is known to be in 
existence another oxidized mass weighing upward of 7,000 grams. 
It is safe to assume that not less than 30,000 grams must at some time 
have been in existence, though the total weight can never be accurately 
ascertained. 

The distribution of the pieces found, together with their corre- 
sponding weights, so far as I have been able to gather them, was as 
follows: 


| 
kine Range. | Section. | Weight. 
Grams. 

16 12 35 6, 725 
16 12 36 7, 280? 
16 12 25 2,048 

le). 26 12 14 432 

| 16 17 1 | 5, 460 

| 


On casual inspection the masses found have the appearance of ordi- 
nary limonite segregations and nothing to suggest their meteoric origin. 
(See Plate L.) The specimens are deeply fissured. On breaking a 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. XXIV—No. 1273. 
907 


908 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV 


mass open it is found to consist of metallic iron and olivine, both in 
such quantities as to be readily determined by the unaided eye. Cut 
and polished specimens show it to be a pallasite and to belong to 
Brezina’s Rokicky group, of which the meteorite of Eagle Station, 
Carroll County, Kentucky, is the only representative thus far found 
in America. In fact, the Admire meteorite is the third representative 
of the group thus far known. 

A polished surface brings out very plainly the mineral composition, 
and presents some exceedingly interesting structural peculiarities. 
(Plates LI and LII.) The silicate mineral is olivine, which occurs in 
single crystals and aggregates from 1 to 30 millimeters in diameter. 
These are almost universally fractured, and many of them are ina 
decidedly sharply angular condition. The proportional amount of 
iron varies considerably, but as a rule probably constitutes one-third 
in bulk of the mass and occupies the position of a binding or cement- 
ing constituent. Schreibersite is comparatively abundant and easily 
distinguishable by its luster from the metallic iron. Troilite in 
sporadic patches is common, and there is also a fairly abundant scat- 
tering of chromite granules in sizes up to 1} millimeters in greatest 
diameter. All but the last named are readily distinguished by the 
unaided eye on a polished surface. 

A freshly cut surface of the meteorite shortly becomes coated here 
and there with a greenish exudation which reacts for chlorine and 
iron, and is undoubtedly lawrencite. This exudes sometimes from 
the mass of the iron itself, but is more abundant along the line of 
separation between the iron and schreibersite plates. It is very 
abundant and undergoes such ready oxidation that polished surfaces 
are quickly tarnished, and it has become necessary to protect the sam- 
ples by immersing them in paraffin. Once thoroughly soaked in paraf- 
fin, however, they do not seem to undergo further deterioration. 

The above completes the list of determinable mineral constituents. 

A most striking feature of the meteorite is the brecciated condition 
of the olivine, as shown in Plates LI and LI. The angular character 
of the particles is even more pronounced than in the Eagle Station 
meteorite. The brecciation, however, is scarcely that of a rock which 
has been subjected merely to ordinary crushing; it is more like that 
which one could conceive to have been brought about by the sudden 
plunging of a hot body of low heat-conducting power into an intensely 
cold medium, or the opposite. 

A very important feature is that the native iron, schreibersite, and 
troilite often penetrate the silicates along these lines of fracture, as 
shown in Plate LIII, fig. 1. The threads or veinlets of iron and schrei- 
bersite vary from a mere line to a width of 1 or 2 millimeters, and 
indicate beyond question a solidification and perhaps reduction subse- 
quent to the shattering of the crystals. Under the microscope what 


NO. 1273. A NEW METEORITE FROM KANSAS—MERRILL. 909 


are plainly portions of the same crystal, but slightly separated and 
with almost identical optical orientation, are seen with thin veinlets of 
iron or schreibersite traversing the fracture lines, as shown in Plate 
LIV. Ican not discover that there exists any constant proportional 
relationship between these two minerals, although the iron is by far 
the more abundant, and the schreibersite, while sometimes in thin 
plates, is also present in granular forms. 

The metallic minerals often occur associated in a peculiarly sug- 
gestive manner. This may be best understood by reference to Plate 
LY, which is from a photographic enlargement of about five diame- 
ters. The broad, white outer band (1) is of nickeliferous iron. 
Inside this is a dark area (3) interspersed with iron in the form of 
rounded blebs and dashes. Between the iron and the dark interiors 
are always thin metallic plates (2), at first thought suggestive of 
teenite, but which chemical tests have shown to be invariably schrei- 
bersite. They do not show in the illustration, though very evident on 
a polished surface. The gray interior matter is not in all cases homo- 
geneous. When subjected to friction the outer portions—white in 
the figure—quickly take a highly lustrous, fairly lasting polish. 
The interiors come up more slowly, are less lustrous, often showing 
under the glass a surface of minute metallic points interspersed with 
others without luster—that is, which take no polish, indicating a lack 
of homogeneity in the material. Often a central portion of the area 
has seemed to be more compact and more homogeneous than that 
nearer the margins, though one portion grades into another without 
sharp lines of separation. (See Plate L1, fig. 2-a.) 

On exposure some of these areas quickly tarnish, while others hold 
their dull polish for a considerable length of time. Those which 
tarnish most quickly exude a greenish material, which reacts, for 
chlorine, and which, when washed away, leaves the iron beneath of a 
dull black color and pitted. The conclusion is inevitable that in such 
cases the material is a spongy mass of metallic iron and iron chloride, 
presumably lawrencite. Other portions, again, seem to be like 
spongy mixtures of iron and iron sulphide, and still others nearly 
pure iron. 

Attention should here be called to the spicules of iron (4 on 
Plate LV) which are seen extending from points of attachment on the 
white metallic portion inward and in some cases nearly across this 
gray interior area, which has been described as composed in part of 
lawrencite. These spicules have all the appearances of incipient stages 
of crystallization where the process has been arrested before comple- 
tion. They resemble greatly in their general appearance frost crystals 
which are to be seen upon the windowpane in cold weather, or acicular 
crystals forming on the surface of pools of quiet water. 

The iron on etching, it should be stated, does not yield the Wid- 


910 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


manstattian figures, but there is brought out a prominent line of 
demarcation between the outer zone of iron and the inner, very 
brilliant thin plate which, though suggestive of tenite, proves to be 
schreibersite, as already noted.' So far as I have been able to deter- 
mine, but one nickel-iron alloy exists, that corresponding most nearly 
to kamacite, as noted below. 

The general structure of the meteorite, as revealed. by the micro- 
scope in thin sections, isshown on Plate LIV. Weathering, as already 
noted, has produced extensive alteration in the metallic portions of 
the rock. Naturally, the lawrencite has been the first to yield, and 
following this, the troilite and native iron, the schreibersite being 
left standing in relief and quite conspicuous. 

The first product of the oxidation of the iron is not limonite, but a 
highly lustrous—on polished surfaces, blue—material which crushes 
down readily to a fine brown magnetic powder.” On further exposure 
this goes over into ordinary limonite. Where the oxidation has gone 
on largely, the silicates are shattered, and veins of the oxidized 
material traverse them in every direction, producing a network of fine 
lines which, in the thin sections, show up with a pronounced blue 
reflection, at first scarcely distinguishable from the native iron itself. 

A chemical analysis of the meteorite as a whole has not been 
attempted, as it was felt such would be of little value, owing to its 
extremely coarse nature and the varying proportions of metallic and 
silicate constituents. Carefully separated bits of the olivine, free 
from inclosures or oxidation products, yielded the following results: 


Per cent. 

MoO 25 oS ce ooo eee Be a2 eres ee 47. 63 
1 Sia 0 eae eee in rei Samp a eee hae NNT opal dee Se Se 13. 185 
To tal:<.45 S28" Gee ae ae ae ee ee 8 eee 99. 955 


This olivine, in the thin section, it may be well to note, showed at 
times a well-defined and quite regular pinacoidal cleavage, which, on 
basal sections, so closely resembled the prismatic cleavage of enstatite, 
that the true nature of the mineral was ascertained only by noting the 
position of the plane of the optic axes. 

The analyses given below were made for me by Mr. Wirt Tassin, 
assistant curator in the Division of Mineralogy. A portion of the 
mass relatively rich in iron was taken. This was carefully cleansed 
mechanically from any visible traces of silicates or oxidation pro- 
ducts, the cleansed material amounting to 3.3209 grams. Of this 0.07 


' The investigations on this meteorite and on that of Casas Grandes, studied by Mr. 
Tassin, lead us to feel that schreibersite occurs more frequently in thin plates, 
simulating teenite, than is commonly supposed. 

* This agrees with observations made by J. Lawrence Smith in 1875 on other irons. 
See Original Researches, pp. 480-486. 


No, 1273. A NEW METEORITE FROM KANSAS—MERRILLI. 911 


gram consisted of small black grains, later identified as chromite, the 
soluble portions separated from which amounted to 3.2509 grams. 
From this the following percentages were obtained: 


Per cent. 
ISS) 5. Sense SOC ROO EO Be Se Set ee ae 93 
Wien Soe ats oe es ee 6 
(GO .os3224 seeds eee Base ee Bae es Sees ene 0. 02 
SoBe. 2 eas De oe dae dues SoA eres See ence eae tee eee 0. 03 
De ee es a cate ied i er eg ree ee eal ae ee 0. 025 
OURS eae oc A ee Ee ese asters er Trace 
This corresponds to: 
Nickeliferous iron (Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, etc.) .....-...---- 98. 273 
memeempercite: (He, .Ni),Pi2 2 sces2 eects sees. 5 Searle: G45 
pir oliten Bes aes aie eee a 3 ere Se ee cose ae mOLOS2 
100. 00 


The chromite obtained from various portions as a result of mineral- 
ogical separations was purified so far as possible by treatment with 
acids, and 1.025 grams taken for analysis. This gave results as follows: 


Per cent. 
inte) Meroe eens ere = Meg oe OR eer ee aS UD ale ee 2 65. 49 
TE (0) eer ee pnt RW Pa Re ere Fe re an NS TA 38. 00 
TY ER OT ease Tr Ls A A rr es Se 8. Sere eee ee eee 0. 40 
SiO) Ses Se Sy Sa ne Ma ela Sn Ne ae 0. 50 


It is a fair assumption that the magnesia and silica here shown 
belong to included olivine. 

A fresh sample, weighing 2.05 grams, vielded 0.028 per cent of 
chlorine, equivalent to 0.05 per cent of lawrencite. No traces of tin, 
platinum, or manganese could be detected. 

Specific gravity determinations made on masses weighing from 117.5 
to 139.35 grams, were found to vary from 3.95 to 4.2. The iron, it 
should be noted, was quite active, taking quickly a coating of metallic 
copper when treated to a solution of copper sulphate. 

Tcan but feel that a great deal of importance may be attached to the 
peculiar structural features shown by this meteorite and the associa- 
tion of the metallic constituents. These latter have been plainly intro- 
duced since the first consolidation, and subsequent to the shattering of 
the olivines. They occupy the position of a binding constituent in a 
siliceous breccia. 

The source of the metallic constituents of meteorites has long been 
a matter of speculation, though it has been suggested by various 
authorities that it might result from the reduction of an iron-rich 
silicate. There is nothing in the present case to suggest any such 
origin, and it would seem to the writer much more probable that it 
should come from the lawrencite and troilite. That a portion of it 
thus resulted, is, it seems to me, extremely probable, from the con- 
ditions shown in Plate LY, above noted, in which we have the acicular 


912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL: MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


forms starting from the metallic borders at the right and extending 
inward into the spongy mass of the interior. The appearance in 
every way suggests the beginnings of crystallization, which have been 
interrupted by changed conditions. If I am right in this, the Admire 
meteorite, as it will be known, is by far one of the most important 
and interesting of recent finds. 

This find adds one more to the long list of meteorites for which 
Kansas is becoming noted, making eleven thus far reported. Atten- 
tion has been called to this remarkable condition of affairs by Preston, 
from whose paper! the following table is taken, with the addition of 
the Admire fall here described: 


Donganoxie; eaven worth County <2 . 55-23aes seeece =e eee eee kilos. slo 
‘Brenham, Kaowa: County. 2ae....¢ 2: / Sa ee ee kilos. . 900.0 
Harmington, Washington County. - 222. 2G2tac ee ae eee eee kilos.. 84.0 
Ottawa, Franklin County. 222052220 222-222 ee ee ee grams.. 876.0 
Wacondas. Mitchell 'Coumbyase 3 fe oe ee eee kilos-. 26.0 
Oakley, Logan ‘County . oof seh 62. 3 ats A Bee ee eee Css Zo’, 
Ness IOounty 4.2223 jas ee eae Boe eae Ss a ec do. =. Tig 
KansadayNesssCounty) 22. cane oss eee et et es ee dosn. aoe 
Jerome, Gove County. : 54:22 s2e Re to a eet ee Oe ae eee ee do... 31.4 
Prairie Dog Creek, Decatur: County 222.2320 3s2 Ge. ee eee doa 
Long. Island, Phillips County 22252 2.- s25 eck ee ae do... 534.6 
Admire Lyon County. 5.52222 fst s eee ee ae oe doz. =. 2230 


In order to bring out more plainly the striking features of the case, 
I append hereto a map of the region, on which the positions of the 
various falls are approximately noted. (Plate LVI). 

The Kansada stone should probably be considered a part of the Ness 
County fall. The amount of the Ness County material, as given by 
Preston, has been very considerably increased, the United States 
National Museum alone having eleven stones, weighing altogether 
2,044 grams. 

It is possible, indeed probable, that this condition of affairs is not 
so remarkable or anomalous as may at first appear, since, as is well 
known, Kansas is a country but little forested, in which the surface 
rocks, so far as exposed, are of a calcareous or sandy nature, and in 
which the drift is, as a whole, small and inconspicuous. Hence, in 
plowing, any unusual bowlder turned up would naturally excite the 
interest of the inhabitants. More than this, the prices which dealers 
have been willing to pay for the materials have naturally excited the 
interest of the agriculturists, who, having their wits sharpened, are 
continually on the lookout for new materials. It is safe to say that the 
same number of falls might have occurred in other States, and, under 
less favorable conditions, the materials been entirely overlooked. 


‘Am. Jour. Science, IX, June, 1900, pp. 410-412. 


No. 1273, A NEW METEORITE FROM KANSAS—MERRILL. 9138 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE L. 


Fig. 1. The 5,460-gram mass, as found. 
2. The 6,725-gram mass, as found. 


PLATE LI, 


The 2,048-gram mass, cut in halves. Size of faces shown, about 10 by 11 em. 
The enlarged area shown in Plate LV appears at a spot just above and to the right 
of the center in fig. 1. In fig. 2, just to the left of center, are shown like areas 
consisting exteriorly of metallic iron with interiorly the spongy iron and lawrencite. 
This last shows the interior, more compact, central portion mentioned on page 909. 


PLATE LII. 


Slice, slightly reduced, from the 6,725-gram mass shown in fig. 2 of Plate L. The 
dark areas are olivine; the white, the metallic portions. 


PLATE LIII. 


Photographic enlargement of about three diameters. The dark areas are in all 
cases olivine; the white (1), nickel-iron; (2), schreibersite; and (3), troilite. 

In fig. 1 a large fractured olivine is shown in the lower center, with nickel-iron (1) 
above, which extends downward into the fracture for a distance of about 1 milli- 
meter, where it stops abruptly, the remainder of the fracture being occupied by 
schreibersite (2). In fig. 3 the schreibersite (2) is shown both in granular form and 
as a thin plate lying between the troilite (3) and nickel-iron (1). 


PLATE LIV. 


Photomicrographs of thin sections enlarged about ten diameters. The colorless 
areas (1) are olivine; the white lines (2), schreibersite; the dark areas (3), bordered 
by schreibersite (2), are troilite. The other dark, nearly black areas, not numbered, 
are secondary iron-oxides. 


PLATE LY. 


Photographic enlargement of about five diameters. The dark outer areas are oli- 
vine; the white (1), nickel-iron. The dark areas (3) within the nickel-iron are spongy 
aggregates of iron, lawrencite, or troilite. Extending outward from the metallic por- 
tions and into the spongy mass are acicular crystals of nickel-iron (4). Between the 
nickel-iron (1) and the spongy areas is commonly a thin plate of schreibersite (2), 
which can not, in the illustration, be differentiated from the nickel-iron, 


PLATE LVI. 


Outline county map of Kansas, showing sources of the various meteorite finds and falls. 


Fig. 1. Tonganoxie, Leavenworth County (iron)................--.-- kilos... 11.5 
2. breniam, Kiowa County (pallasite)) <-222222 5-253... sccece do.... 900.0 
3. Farmington, Washington County (stone)....................- doz 84.0 
4. Ottawa, Franklin County (stone) =..:-.....--.-2--/-.---.-.-: grams... 876.0 
ue aconda,. Matchell: County. (stone): 22.22 see Soo ace ws Sack kilos.. 26.0 
Gs Gakley,losum@ounty. (stone). 225222 hose ake ne eacee ews. dos 5 ~i27..9 
7 nee erative (SOME) Soo). oS fae oe ieee ee eee oe, cae ae doz-=.: 10.9 

ni Wansada: Neg County: (stone) 22s. 559 ee Se ae sek dot... - 952 
He, seronie, Gove County (stone)icr-.2sm- 2 --Guateennece =: ose c aos Goze aa. 314 
9. Prairie Dog Creek, Decatur County (stone)..............-.-. BOR ee es. PY) 

LO: Long Island; *Phillipsi\County (stone) 2225-22 .--—.2c-.s.--- 0. do.... 534.6 
He Admire Lyon County, (pallasite)) 2.02 Sse scseceekes ssc occ dose- > 2250 


The area of the State is given as 81,318 miles, the average length being 400 miles 
and the average width 200 miles. 


Proc. N, M. yol. xxiy—01——58 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. L 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ADMIRE METEORITE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 913. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. 


ADMIRE METEORITE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 913. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. 


ADMIRE METEORITE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 913. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. LIIl 


ADMIRE METEORITE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 913. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV _ PL. LIV 


ADMIRE METEORITE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 913. 


ee 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. LV 


ADMIRE METEORITE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 913. 


Oe aa 
= 


% 


7 4 
4 


a 


ts 


t 


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‘ 
‘ 
ly me 


| 


rt 


i) CPs 


oe ee re 
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oF | 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIV PL. LVI 


OUTLINE MAP OF KANSAS, SHOWING METEORITE FINDS AND FALLS. 
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 913 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW BIRDS FROM THE 
SOUTHERN UNITED STATES. 


By Epaar A. Mearns, 
Major and Surgeon, United States Army. 


Two birds which I collected in Florida during the winter and spring 
of 1901 prove to be newto science. These are here described, together 
with a new nuthatch from Arizona. 


COTURNICULUS SAVANNARUM FLORIDANUS, new subspecies. 
FLORIDA GRASSHOPPER SPARROW. 


Type.—No. 176981, U.S.N.M. collection. Adult male, taken April 
23, 1901, on the Kissimmee Prairie, 7 miles east of Alligator Bluff, 
Osceola County, Florida, by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number, 
12581. 

Characters.—Similar to Coturniculus savannarum passerinus (Wil- 
son), but smaller, with larger bill, longer tarsus, and much darker 
coloration above, paler below; chestnut of upper surfaces much 
reduced in amount, and replaced by black; lateral dark areas of crown 
almost solid black; spotting of nape and scapulars almost black; inter- 
scapular region much blacker than in Coturniculus savannarum pas- 
 serinus. 

Measurements of type (adult male).—Length, 132 mm.; alar expanse, 
210; wing, 63; tail, 49; chord of culmen, 12; tarsus, 21; middle toe 
with claw, 18. See table for comparative measurements (p. 917). 

Geographic range.—The Florida grasshopper sparrow breeds com- 
monly on the prairies of the Kissimmee Valley, Florida, from Kissim- 
mee City south to Alligator Bluff, and east to the headwaters of the 
St. Johns River, north of Lake Okeechobee. I found it especially 
numerous on the Kissimmee Prairie, where young of the year were on 
wing as early as April 21, 1901. Mr. W. E. D. Scott seems to have 
found this form in the Caloosahatchie region of Florida,’ and perhaps 


1The Auk, IX, July, 1894, p. 23. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXiV—No. 1274. 
915 


916 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV 


at other places.‘ Grasshopper sparrows were also found by Mr. 
Mortimer about Sanford, Orange County, Florida, in March, 1889,* 
which may have been the breeding form, as I found them mated early 
in March. Mr. Chapman found only northern migrants between 
November 27 and May 27, at Gainesville, Florida.’ 

Comparisons.— Coturniculus savannarum savannarum (Gmelin), the 
resident form of Jamaica and Porto Rico, is much paler above, and 
much more ochraceous below. The bill of the Jamaican bird is per- 
ceptibly larger. The characters given above readily separate floridanus 
from the forms passerinus and bimaculatus (=perpallidus). Cotur- 
niculus obscurus (Nelson), while an intensely colored form, as dark 
above as the present one, differs in being smaller, and in having the 
underparts strongly buffy and sharply streaked on the breast, the 
wings and tail being much shorter, and the edge of the wing more 
intensely yellow. I refer only to the males of Coturniculus obscurus, 
two species being confounded, apparently, in the original description. 

Remarks.—I am indebted to Mr. Gerrit 8S. Miller, jr., for kindly 
comparing the type of Ammodranus australis Maynard,‘ in his pos- 
session, with passerinus and floridanus. ‘The type of australis, which 
came from Nassau, island of New Providence, Bahama group, proves 
to have been a typical migrant of Coturniculus savannarum passeri- 
nus, Which migrates to the Bahamas, Cuba, and all parts of Florida 
in winter. 


1The Auk, VI, Oct., 1889, pp. 321-322. 

2Tdem, VII, Oct., 1890, p. 342. 

3Tdem, V, July, 1888, p. 274; Oct., 1888, p. 398. 

4American Exchange and Mart and Household Journal, III, Feb. 5, 1887, p. 69. 
See also: Ornithologist and Odlogist, XIV, Apr., 1889, p. 60. 


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918 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


PROGNE SUBIS FLORIDANA, new subspecies. 
FLORIDA PURPLE MARTIN. 


Type.—No. 176800, U.S.N.M. collection. Adult female, collected 
April 1, 1901, at Lake Kissimmee, southern Florida, by Edgar A. 
Mearns. Original number, 12399. 

Characters.—Smalier than Progne subis subis or P. cryptoleuca; 
females averaging much darker in color; upper surfaces (forehead 
usually included) entirely dark steel blue shaded with violet; under 
surfaces mouse gray anteriorly, shading to smoke gray on abdomen, 
whitish in immature females. The coloring of the under parts is fre- 
quently so dark as to obscure the dark shaft streaks; and the sides, in 
old females, are glossed with blue-black. 

Measurements of type (adult female)—Length, 208 mm.; alar 
expanse, 410; wing, 146; tail, 82; chord of culmen, 12; tarsus, 16; 
middletoe with claw, 22.2. See table (pp. 920-922) for comparative 
measurements. 

Geographic range.—Southern Florida; known only from the St. 
Johns and Kissimmee valleys. 

Remarks and comparisons.—Females of the resident Florida bird 
are from 5 to 10 mm. less in the wing measurement than those from 
the northeastern United States. The darkest females of floridana 
are without any white below and lack hoary edgings to the frontal 
feathers, in which respects they differ from those from other portions 
of the United States. The younger females from Florida can be 
matched in color by specimens from the District of Columbia, which, 
however, are larger; all females of Progne subis floridana being 
smaller than the average of Progne subis subis from the District of 
Columbia. Both sexes of floridana are much smaller than the typical 
subis from the northern interior region (Hudson Bay and the Upper 
Mississippi Valley). In the subjoined table of measurements it is 
probable that the largest males given under jloridana are really 
migrants of swbis. Mr. Ridgway supposes the extreme phase of flor7- 
dana to be mainly confined to the southern extremity of Florida, south 
of the localities at which our specimens were obtained, as there are 
in the series many specimens of intermediate coloration, even among 
breeding birds. The collection in the United States National Museum 
has long contained a typical female of the present form, from the mid- 
dle St. Johns River, marked by Mr. Ridgway, ‘‘ If not eryptoleuca this 
is a new species. R. R.” 

The measurements of the 81 specimens enumerated in the following 
table were all taken by me, on a uniform plan, from fresh specimens. 
Excepting a few from Wisconsin, they show but slight variation in 
size in the three subspecies represented, the rest coming from the 
southern border of the United States, where the species breeds from - 


No. 1274. THREE NEW BIRDS—MEARNS. 919 


ocean to ocean. The status of the Arizona martin is unsatisfactory. 
Its measurements agree closely with those of Progne subis hesperia 
Brewster, except that the tarsus is slightly longer. In coloration its 
upper parts most resemble Aesper?a, its under parts subis. 

Iam indebted to Mr. Robert Ridgway and the authorities of the 
United States National Museum for the use of its specimens, to Dr. 
J. A. Allen for those in the New York American Museum of Natural 
History, and to Mr. Paul Bartsch for a series of martins from Lowa. 


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No. 1274. THREE NEW BIRDS—MEARNS. 923 


SITTA CAROLINENSIS NELSONI, new subspecies. 
ROCKY MOUNTAIN NUTHATCH. 


Type.—No. 131242, U.S.N.M. collection. Adult male taken October 
17, 1893, in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, by Edgar A. Mearns. 
Original number, 9725. 

Characters.—Largest known form of S7tta carolinens/s. Bill large 
and rather stout, with contour of maxilla convex rather than straight 
above. Coloration dark. Under parts washed with gray and fulvous 
or fawn color, but less strongly so than in Sitta carolinensis mexicana 
Nelson and Palmer.t | Measurements of type: Length, 151 mm.; alar 
expanse, 282; wing, 94; tail, 55; culmen (chord), 22; tarsus, 17.5; 
middle toe, with claw, 20. 

Geographic range.—W ooded mountains of northern Chihuahua and 
Sonora, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and northward. | 

Remarks.—In addition to its larger size, this form may be separated 
from the eastern bird by its darker coloration, the back being more 
nearly slate color than plumbeous, and the color pattern of the tertials 
as in Sitta carolinensis aculeata, from which latter its larger size, 
stouter and differently shaped bill, and the gray and fawn color instead 
of pure white under parts distinguish it. In ne/son7 the white of the 
tail-feathers is more extended than in other forms, and, excepting 
mexicana, the fawn color of the sides and abdomen of the young is 
more intense than in the remaining subspecies of S’/¢ta carolinensis. 
It is resident, in the interior, on both sides of the Mexican border. If 
any migration occurs in winter, the migrants are the same as the resi- 
dent form, the bird of Colorado and the southern Rocky Mountain 
region being practically identical. Comparative measurements are 
given below (pp. 924-926). 


'The Auk, XI, Jan., 1894, p. 45 (Mt. Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico). 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 


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IS ae 

s x 


Page. 
PS BORLONEIS ses coco nt ets 06s Sesecekeease 664 
PIONUONM Sees sis sa dose ssisesec sc ctiec eee s 664 
PSPEMEUUS ee nates asce oss Scccdems sacs esses 664 
LA){e DSH eR Sec Oe ESCO RD EEE OB DAOse RASS ESs 354 
JIUUTTTD, : See SC RSu oe DORE SEE BeAcEaBe 35, 67, 96, 130 
IDEDUIN Mieco sass essa ets 67,71, 130 
ELNCOSLOMA se s2 5. se os -eee cess 67 
Mepwacanthac... <2.) = iscs-.s 5. 67, 70, 1380 
laGiipesssect.csssscce-tesectsee ete 67, 130 
TSUN GS SS ee cee cee ecco se coek 67, 69, 130 
AIEO LOSI cis dartn ie cis se Steen ee es 71, 130 
PUDUGER a. sation secs ss conic wadsweuctcceee 606, 607 
BOXTBSCIADUNS ees eee eee ees 608 
SOLGIGUSH.- sos 20 S22 sete cee oe 606, 607 
ADUGIU DDO) 2s cnss0css<20ac25so8sesecrse 607 
dumiblatus oases c. cov ett ec sees 607 
PAMTISIIANTIT A eee ee en cena eee se oes 607 
MAMTUT = -- ee ee eee cee -seieee 607 
PAE ML O lactic dad seciem sec dccce an eces 599 
Acanthogobius ............-. 36, 96, 98, 100, 102, 131 
HaAVIMANUS)s see tee oes 98, 131 
NCAMTDOLODIS Ge ois soe cie=cecracecestecse ccs = 590 
Bl Uppasg ees «sce c Sec cste so crsiare 590 
CHMUDO DUCK Eee hacer se sec cat ace mceisias cece 361 
FACOMUNOSOMAs race ccscoleessccce cc ecieceec 260 
CAVING UMS 2 = Swine cles elias 260, 261 
PUCHTAB UIUC ers epee eee eae a en wcc ase 606 
PRCAT UNITS Hs tere ee iepiiskee tet et sae yeseas 606, 607 
Acentrogobius chlorostigma. .......-..--- 54 
eymmMauchen 22: sce s ss 58 
Hau ees ce oo tee ee cee 65 
PACCHULONUUA = ope se cee ccncsrcsecmscceSoee 6, 12, 20 
eracilissima .=..322-.5c2-2-2 12,20 
STAC UMM 22-2252 e2 see ees 12 
MDE SATCU ios Se AO ORS aE IEEE SPIES ATA 341 
WEMOHORN YNGHUS 2 9-2 s2c2tec ce seecs aces 664 
Acrea dognini, new species............-- 391 
TCC eee tae SSeS eA erereee 391 
mitama, mew species ............- 391 
ozinta, new species ............--- 391 
quadra, new species ...........--- 392 
surimia, new species ............-. 392 
CRUE Sie ance eee eee un acces teerse 391 
INGTICLOLMECTCN 2 Secrmnec oaace es obasce esos ss 665 
CHUA TOnTeI Aas = casa n secs as aaseaesesces 506, 563 
PMCUBOMES ree acer. ance aris aeesnsens econ ene 512 
breviculus, new species........... 512 
CUTEULUG Stress ccc skcnseesecseees 512 
MELCOMICUSS oes ccenet sess ses sscee se 512 
ACEHORIOD Reeee soaen as sse lL ocareeececces 512 
AAG WEN SS Se Sa ee ee 664 
AICTINGCIIV Pp em ast ee ss aces k= oreo eee 348 
SHAJ ODEs cos clos stcccats ewasieccs 348 


Page. 
ACLMOLLOPHON: seers css nasee sc csees tone 534, 541 
AGUIONNIS sssa2 sr odoectedceactsatenee see 664 
BNPICUS sass sce saae eee ee oes 664 
ACHTIS MACUIATIAN =>. ossescceee cca eee 165 
ACL ODDILUS esate ane cased tess cere eee 664, 706 
FACTISCUSMI sacs aaasocscccccsscaclenceceuse 503 
Adelomyiamaculata,.<.-jo.sccceucesescs. 332 
MECIANOFENYS senso sacs osee nee 332, 334 
maculata ....... 332 
melanogenys .- 332 
AGelONChta) ss sascas de cece eke Conese 665 
Adelpha barnesia, new species.........-. 396 
CTOtdis sas sear e cate nents caeeee 396 
goyama, new species ........... 395 
DIEKAUTE? Fas esas es sao cess niece 397 
MAM OCte yas sasoneta eases cee noses ee ee 504 
MICTOSCOPIGH Asse Ges sacs s oe deca 504, 563 
middendorffiana................. 516 
AG Ulitoeseee sce asase sce asccee sore eee 578 
MPI alOMeS Fase is seco ore et foes 665 
PED IAIONMNBS (soe esas d assesses case eee 665 
PAMICUS sos aaascsssaansscseee 665 
AM SialOrMIthid es ssa. assnoses aeescccee cee 722 
ABPItWAUS: Jose anctc cmos cncenscccs socemcce 712 
ZB YORMIthi de Sos: owe see eco seasese caer 722 
MOTOCMATISS s-rind ace ce eset se ee cere ore 665 
METONMUVES> 3s su cSscc-ssssesascecaase sooee 665 
PUTO PSAs te eesti sae sees aoe 665 
MAthopygarchristing - 25. -5:..ssessse5.5- 720 
ATOTIA CINCINAHA sasecsascestcse cecaleee ee 515 
ATTOUS = 5252s ssceesos-25558552-sh25e0cceee 675 
Agama; superciliosa --2----.2-5c-sscs- see 182 
AGAMA. oases eees ates ee ssc oer ees 679 
Acleactisicupripenmiss---222582222...2-4- 328 
eequatorialis ...._. 328 
var. equatorialis - 328 
Aglaiacyanocephala <2 .\-\c5. 5s s22e.ecesn. 687 
Aplaiactis equatorialis: :-.22.25:.22....2- 328 
AP TIOCUANIS Sees ecco shasisee Sasser cee 665 
Agriopoma new section ..............2.2- 509 
TEXASIANIA fo tenes oe 509, 564 
ADTODEAT es ne aeena Gin eeeeeration esc ese 665 
Ae uninign n eae n etek ase aoe ee enices aac ees 316 
amabiliseesenete sarc cesesacss ss 316 
PUVA AtUISE seks seeks losses ccs 316 
WIRIGICE Shs -mcme cee = woes ces sc oess 316 
Aimophilapulehina 252-5 st<ccssecesccc eas 690 
MIUIPerCUlOShasethacences Ss cen 707 
AUNOSUS) Mew. FENUS'.2 P22. koe. c koe 109, 132 
PEHCIONEMUS = 2.cees so ces Seebiecis 109, 132 
SAN au pees Seas acces. tomas ceicceaisescecens 698 
JNEC OG? Saye ae Cee See eB e Sc coe SS aeEmor 637 
INR SSNS 333.953 SS SS Sea C CORE CCSD Eee 468 


928 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
AKASIISU Jocwies cnmepe eee aciese set see amemene 380 | Amblypomacentrus breviceps............ 600 
Akamebukitiiitec.mocccccmscctecensmneccmor 255.)|| AMen IMA 2 hhc. ce cee aeleenee neseeeeeeee 667, 709 
A katanago).coccces pcos sce seesee ee serene 357,809. AIM eLVy A suey a aemeneacecee re cee eee 183 
Akelora-haze nse <aescceaeaeceenaes seetee 468: AMeMasU 5355. Jcc= asec eee cceeee ceeaeee 582 
Ala DIANA seem nalececee coon emer a aeeeeenie 320),)|| “AMENOWWO =. cecict saci ee ee eeeeen eeeee eee 582 
MMECSO Sts Sere a's ens aces aoe erase 315 | American Butterflies, Descriptions of ~ 
Allaide all big a eeeseeeseree tecee a aereeer 872 New, by William Schaus............... 383 
alpestrisie cs tecssesceease csc 807, 808, 809 | American Moths of the Genus Depressaria 
IDLCORDISte= eereemere sone eee 879 Haworth, a Review of the, with Descrip- 
bilophays.s.-sege nes aec cent cigs eee 873, 879 tions of New Species, by August Busck. 731 
chrysolemiaicss- nse eee eens §42343° || Amizilisidumerili-= 22 --sc- ce sect eee eee 317 
COrmMiUta oss eos een cisemese 805, 807, 809 Gumerilii::) 2225-500 eee seen 317 
Gupontil ec sass ese ee eee eee 673 feli¢iae sss cen ccc cen senees Renee 173 
HAV aC aces seco es cece hee eae se 810, 811 TZACAt le CUNGA = eceeeeeeeeeee 317 
PACS s Ateec tenes Swen e cas ae 844 | Ammodramus australis ...............-.. 916 
PuUbvUre MaVO. 2. cece nieces sae 808° 1 Aummicola = -coe i seiecc ace cee eee eer ree 275, 667 
MIN OMS ase cersene Sake soos eee e ee 842, 844 attenuate scaacscecascieeseeeee 276 
MIVALIS se Soe ce Sewer seaten ss een 810, 812 UVTI «oes ayn s,c wins sie eee ee 286 
Denicillatawees-ce esos eee eee 874 IkoakeateYo (UP meen esecie moos 279, 284, 287 
TUT toon ce rete neiee a apiereeem cia 845, 848 MNCLOCOCCUS) a -cetite | oe ee 286 
AN AUGIG ae 5a oi. Wotan wee meme nae sie Se eeitocse 722 DPLOteais a secae eros eee 276, 277 
ANGE ns weele carrots she vee eke see eenees 133°} “Ammicolidee:<-2.55555 Sass ere eee 284 
IAI COLLAB. Jectscedaccs et ecrec ceceen eer 665 ||| Aum pelisicammifexs=—5-2-—"-45-5> seeeeseee 672 
AN CAT EA's 2 2 Soe sok Shh seat Sees eee eeestles 665: Amphetes.2.53-5-ac-q5accecmee oeeae aes 628 
AllcedimiGs 2250 sas2cesssccheee fsa See Sees 170 feographicussss---es=-eeee eee 628 
VAI CIE 8 Uae. mesa ie aaah = Shee tees Scere. 22.) “Ammphipelaneuse.c-ss oes see ees 667 
AL GIGIUS®..3. 2 cee sect: tase eae eneaesoee oe 665 MAJOVL. S025 255s e aa eee 667 
Alcimosphenus Teimus)---saceeaecoe eee eee 20:5! Amp hiprion: 2: sec ecssee er ese eee eeeeee 596, 660 
Aleatoricies: tse-cce creas teseeeeseees Macise 665 bicinCtus2-s2..q-sc 5 sseeeeeere 598 
PATO CLOR oe ogi tza eo eesiecicinc trenreete meee eee 665 hoholensisss-- = ieee see 598 
FALCCLTOMOTPNNUS, -eeee ee ececteree ere rece 666 Chrysargcurusics.scesee cee eeee 598 
VAT eC OMNate his see cwee ree see cee ean wins Meee 260 chrysopteruse--- ee eeeaeeee 598 
CADCNSIS 2mm ciesmnseseeeicisce seb eems 261 Clarkil. 2s :edewe Soececoaees 598 
TN OVSAR Lise ictcwin. scene ak eee cineion 260 CPi ppluUMSeeese see eee 596 
SLOTeM she eee esate ene ceeeereene 260, 261 frenatuss.ssasce sens 596, 597, 598, 660 
Alge of the Genus Buthotrephis, Two JAPONICUS) =e scey ese eeeeeeae 598 
New Species of, from the Upper Silurian IMA CLOStOMMUS = -o- eee seeee 597, 598 
of Indiana, by David White...-...... ee 265 MGs ca Sate een ee 598 
PAO aire oe acs ceiaiw aieere sors e(aeiansin le erences 666 polymmus 225 -aee seer 596, 598, 660 
ATIGOCOLODSs: sew seecee cece aoe ae ener 666 triGOlOTrs cc. Sse ete eee 597 
CaVINS esa = Scents tes eee 666 XANUMUCUSi eee cee eeeee es 598 
ANT OPECORMAS | <a \a)-(2/a1cieiein cis etnistass estes eee 6665) -Amivdrus'tristrami 222s 522 soeseneeee aes 686 
ALODNOLKUS jassceeite< seca tea eeee 666) || nAmytis:<2..5..6.< foc sa caa ese hee See 667, 678 
‘Alopochent |=. :s-sceee=<t anes seen see 666) Amy tornis: ¢.:2oss2cesescneeso ese a Eee 667, 678 
PAIL CE DS Patera te secinte balan SeL ea ee eee ae 666: | sAna Chis Soscccccclccwnctcemenia Nees eee 532, 533 
AINA OED He Seat Ricks & cose feeiee eae aoe 4891) “Ana Critesscocohssaq sos aeceet eee eee 667 
Ameeanmitchellijysss: scacessnsesee sesh ens 506;'563'1|, FAMamMpSes)s2=eiasse seine Stee esi eee 613, 628, 661 
PATTI ALOGIC Hamer rons © qsjrase cman ome 666 CUVIENT Sse 52 2e eee eee 628 
SClAteTIAMA, -5-ta-oniee eee ee 666 fFeogrTapbhicus.-caces- ae ce eee 628, 661 
ATI ESE a ie Se SEHR ES CREIRE SE oe ane SHeEse ase 588 tetrodon. Soca sac5 sees 628 
ATM ATO CACM Ries erases ciesciselsnree eee 666 | Anaplocamus|borealist..-<25-2---2-- cece 550, 565 
WOCREIL: 3s hace sens 666+] “Amasichlorotistae = cecesen eee cece ceeeee 681 
PANN ENLL TOO MAIS *2\~ Sre/njainis ciate satan sie eee es 666 1ODatA: S222 5. see Soot eee 688 
AMM AUT OLMIS toe asc. aesnen een ene ceaeees 666 malacorhynChusieres=. sesso eee eae 694 
AMaUrOpsisislanGicus):....0-sses.esseece 552 poecilorhynch ayes... ose eee 707 
DUTP URC AS. 2 ores. aes see 551, 552, 565 SCulbwlatavs. so. se- tae eeeemee ooo 669 
PAY BIZUUL Bi pecan sfopacatts ainini sim <icielSetard Sees erate 666 || sAnatidse 2.20 3.225 - Saco bensic occ eeaeeeee 722 
PZACHEUVUCUNOS)-226 seen ee 817 ti AnNCHISOMUS:=---) 4. seen ee eee 232 
PATEL ZOM Upse aa itetaers slater = eee ioeanicek Comite 169 spenglerinciss.cc.secssttesetes 232 
PAT PLOUIVEK ate cicisiaics hoe acccn eine Soci ne ce ise 663 || <Ancistrolepis)s.=.a8¢c2--.c=scsnereee eee 23 
Amblycheturichthys hexanemus........ 104. | AANCYTOPUS:. cose scasecas set ese ee aeeeeeee 663 
Am plyglyphidOdon secures = ace concen 607 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Mam- 
AITOUS Osa seeeeeianes 607 mals of the, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr ...-- 751 
Amblyopus herrmannianus ........-....- 128 | Andropadus gracilirostris ..........-.--.- 716 
HEXOS Tele eo asdenaads Seeeeseee 128 VANONS woos. vee ze beseeeeeeee 683 
Amblyormisisubalanis =. cee asecere> 1-24 721\| -Anidrophiltistaeescesss=necse see neseeeeae 667 
Amblypomacentrus ,,.,-... Sup li ae 600 accentor:...-...,----++ Secs 008 


INDEX. 929 
Page. Page. 
Anema elonpatum <-. 5.2.2.2... 2sc eee 478 | Aphanapteryx hawkinsi ................. 678 
PEL GNYS ES Cleese Peer tac cas wisle nisin cine ee Offa pap NANOWMMNAS: -- a2) ss ee siceeisce eens 668, 691 
JSC [otha (6 Ce S307) PApbelocepnal a2 asc as dee ee ceca aaecee 668 
JALLEV ES O12 he SOLE | FAP ATASGULA coo ne side cae asnstnee see eee eee 668 
LAINE Sp GR ee Sb2s ADPlexe AUTANGMS | = -<-02sescs= 2 eee eae ee 288 
Anisochosia subpicta, new species .....-- 431 by PNONUMe sees eee ee eee 289 
LR) Oe ae 667 | Apocryptes cantonensis ...............-.- 49 
PXUAVADUS asm). 5- la -cs52 2h le 667 CHINENSIS es ecnan ce ere eee tote 47 
ENON Sa SE Se Oe a 366 Pechininostris:-Ssees-k sos 47 
Annotated List of Batrachians and Rep- Apodemia multiplaga, new species ...--. 404 — 
tiles Collected in the Vicinity of La ApSice phallus: sss e ae ewe Se oe eee 232 
Guaira, Venezuela, with Descriptions of testudinelst: ater socee 232 
Two New Species of Snakes, an, by APLOLY PIG a2 See oe aaereerek tea Oe ae 722 
Weonhard Stejneger’:.2.. 2.2.26. c.05-- 129m MAM AR sae a cranite Scmucibon cance eee ees 169, 668 
Annotated List of Birds Collected in the Arachnida from Porto Rico, Some Spiders 
Vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela, an, by and Other, by Nathan Banks........-.. 217 
Wirt Robinson and Charles W. Rich- Ara clan rain c. sfecccads<<2sss seee ee cue aetiess 668 
IPOVNL CMats laste ioe ia ioalwisin cate wide ess LGSm iP ATAMIGODSIS sa ys-/55 cia a= aaen ss esse me 668 
Annotated List of Mammals Collected in Aranea argventatars . << .<5-52.2<6 55 20s8are 221 
the Vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela, AA CUMMISLA tes eho, eee oe ys ee 219 
an, by Wirt Robinson and Marcus W. letracamthae ss conan epee etesase 2 222 
[DMO TR SEAMS oti eee eee ee ae 135 VENatOrig .S2 aceon susan een eee 223 
_ JL TUUID TDL 01 a Osa | PATAN CIA. a: Saaz. ccs secitae seen ates = 217 
2s\TECD SO (DUT 12 ee 2S ile ATA C US) LAS LUOSUS sae = 2 ae eorae se aietaas 221 
Gallitammiensis==.25,2: = c\23.20ce6 287 feniculatuss<.cs-e--e5-scesseek 219 
NOMA VERNANISS << 2-H cecasc cls se see sees 224;) |(SArborophilajc cc. 2225 So sacaces oes weeks 677 
MUGMMGOEVSOLEDIS: 02 - = 22sec oe lesen ses LSB NAT CAR Res ee Soa soca eee ele 53 Pacins 508 
LATTER) 0) 00 fe ee a 667 adamsi var conradiana ..........-.- 508, 563 
FAITE A OWLOLY RS 5s 22sec eee snsscesns cose 667 SASTIN AD eeeR Nee en ee a ec cse sacs 508, 563 
PAMOMAIOMNIS < 255252 s5.5-5-55-0522+-.----2 66 imArch op teryeesiceso-c osese5scneeeecesesse 722 
ATC) (O00) See ae So eee ae 6675) “Archreoptery: .- 5. osece0 2-22 oc dea e we cease 686 
J WEG DINE SR 0 Soe Bae ROR SAS eee 2AV PATCH POU OL OM ses shes as tociney-tleicece ses ee 668 
PERTTI RGUN Ee eae tect Nec oes ote. 254 VEWUStUS) se scenaes ar we mee 668 
SARCT SABO VICCDSIS!s << 285-5 =. seniccieseces 699) | ATCLOSCOPUS! =. 2 4222055 2<Sc/os cis 22558: 482, 484, 497 
Joni G E28 See 362, 367,381 JapONICUS=- 2-42 =sa- 5-2 22 484, 497 
PLC MARTINS sence se sees tof b a nae 2 S67 STAMCOI I PATOER AMETIGANA!: 2. 2... co --tieasctie sls ats 692 
WMAYMOLALUS: — ~ oS oscetceseciecis sie 368 ATOM ACR on so ee ewe cee cies 695 
var. raninus.... 369 esleeolatan =. 5-ceee cae esceeeees 695 
IOUS Rae sae oe se Secs 369 CanG@idissima,-.-<-s-.ceosouse tae 692 
nox, new species .... 372,374,375, 381 eyanocephalai = 22-2 =. sos-ceciece acc 715 
sanguifluus, new species. 372,374,381 flavicollissesiss-<os-c0-taeeessacete 721 
SCRHCE a eos tees te eee 371 INGeTM CMa se ose eee see 695 
scriptissimus, new species . .. 372, noyee-hollandiss >< 52-4s425e-s5~5 699 
373, 381 TY CliCOrsmR ss) =e ees Se esses 700 
iidens==.225.2255 372, 373, 375, 376, 381 TUE AS on 8 Saeco aces steels 688 
Paired GlATKI 2. cate aeetes laws tees 598 TMIfiVENtTis <0 3225! stew a eeens a 682 
Anthracoceros marehii: .....2.....6.+.222 686. PArd eidcele Seen ace nano nce cece ee teiseds 164, 722, 723 
Anthracothorax violicaudus ............. S21. |wArdeiralllacsese a poten acewcese accesses 680 
iridescens. - 321 WOOdfOTGHR Se onic Seis Scie co ree 682 
PP DELULS TRIS eset te eae eas ole Saeies oe 848) |eAreorivexseee cnce ence bos. Seed mcs aeetac<ce 668 
RGU SNe tes errant tera eek eychajniwie R44) PAT COC EX ence cic acmesieeiac-<es 25 668 
PRYAiTCHTOMNUUS hte ots See nooo eas isk eee 667/670) | Arp entinay spec -iccecc-sciteeaeeeiciee 586, 590, 593 
PRMUN ARCS te ects a ve esas ae See 513 kagoshime, new species ...-..- 590, 593 
POLY. CISH ces se oe en se sakes e 5138, 564 Spliyxeenaeeesseee te eeta= sie cianive 590 
piona, new species............ p14) | PAreentinidse eases oe es = <5 567, 586, 593 
santarosana, new species..... Hide CATeMlOrMisse. con. ssce sess cc essss sesso. 669 
thalza, new species .......... 514 JOMPUMEMMIS a2 4: Sceweco-ss 53 668 
c SLIDD ST eee ae 514,564 | Argiope argentata............-..---2-+++- 221 
Antistreptus, hew genus ...............-- 532 PASM ONSY watcists sisainiaa = sclera ajeeaels 221 
magellanicus, new species. - 532 RTAMBVECISOoeias =< 56/2214 Seis tices 221 
PoE OCHEMGOME se s5- ees 2.2 US 22 hts 667 | Argiopes fenestrinus.............--------- 221 
ATITTOSLOMIUS PUTUS) 22-92 = 3222) S222 eee ee T7-|Argonaitarexpansa of: 2. ...- 22. <nsce'es 511, 564 
FAMNUITOMMHAS S foes se o-oo as cost 'ss sc san sce BG PAVSOZOUM Esa scence wc cee ocesasiiaepeces 663 
AR VPHECNA LENUIS). 222 loss 56s eens cee 218 | Argyroepeira argyra.......-.---.-.-.----- 220 
RODE UO nse aenineias See 2 as oleeer hase ss 637 nig DPOSa) = ss -eeosee eet === 220 
LAO) CS SES oe | ee eee eee Gay). 1) AWN? Gotan cede ee BSnigoe CoO ONS SeBeDpocs 668 
OP IR Ue eee eee ese | ts ok kata 487 POUCHTCE 2. s25s<s5ssceenatess sere 668 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 


59 


930 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Ariscopus, new genus ...-.....-- Pepi ATA ATO) 497 I Astrotrophon: .- oo: oe cech et eee 534, 548 
iburius, new species ........-. 479/407 -\ Awicullariat cus. oece gece pone eee ee eeeenee 217 
EN TOLDTOM soc ece cess eestor en aeainae 249 listers occuctt tacen ce nese 217 
lptern ate cesceee se eeene we ee eres 252) | Axaidee 2. eens tee An Oe ook he eaek ee ieee 886 
lin eats eeceree corec eee 250 | Axius spinulicauda, new species .-.....--.. ~ 886 
Ophryde i. seseece asec see as 258'| -AYVTOSIO <<. eha-cg ¢ oak co ee eae a eee 599 
Teticwlariswee: s-eeee eeeee 249 PUNCH PINNISee eee eee 599 
TEStUGiINeTios see seen ee eee 249).\), Ayesha tents 28.23 5s. 55 eee a 218 
IAT OUBTA ty wie ceeis nse Sen eee ee ene eee 668) CASAL Sehr e acc owe be ccbeeeee Eee et eee Cee 584 
Ara uatelila®<— sos sauce eee ee ees oes cee ene 664°“ Babirusss-&.. 2-.< sos oase eet ee ee eee 754 
IATTEMONO DS ncescce eesti ee cece Dae 668°}; Badiostes 5 etree nceeence eee aee Sees 669 
venezuelensis......i....-..: 175 patagzonicuss:-cs.c.-+ see eee 669 
PALATINO ee is eect citation cee eee 723, | Baeotisbacaenis:-.. cnc) so-2 ses e-2ee eee 403 
PAmteniaratlantocsseaceeececcertorrtcenceeee 219 baczenita, new species .......-.-. 402 
Ar iibeusspalimartimy.seeoseeceeas sane se 148 || Bailloniugs! 2 c2s. 349252 52 eee 712 
Dlanirostriswess= ss sabe eee 1484), Balone. £5.22. - 28s oho ne eee 581 
QUENCES Sa 555 aoensececeae 150 fontinalis 2-22 sac ca eee eee 581 
EASON OLE ppteee erica eta. ease ce ese 668: | ‘Bamboolesi: H.2asises bees ones e eee eee 625 
IASATCOLNIS scene wee enisceee eens eee soe 669 | Banks, Nathan, on Some Spiders and 
AGA ap hiaysteenicc aes eclacineeees oe eee 669 Other Arachnida from Porto Rico....-- 217 
ih yale oW 0 leer mee eee eres es G69) ||, Barormis: 225222 2ss2os Hae eee eee 669 
INMencayvonones, ARV oboabhayG SP Re 501, 563 TOQENS’ {sas ou ceeee Soe eee eee 669 
pseudodon tase eee ee eae 500,568 | Basileuterus flaveolus...........-....--.- V7 
TMV SSA Ss iecicooeeasee ease 500)663))| Batfishes-- 5 35 ---o-ee= MORaNSSdsOnGease 377 
ASD ALLO: -cocecceeedie desis seiese coe eeeeee es 669) ||| Bathmisyrmaces2.secse. see ae eee 669 
ANGE ACUI: on a.nee CSc eee eeeacepaoeete 508, 564 Po EIN)... e ee ee 669 
smithii var. globula.............. 608) ,| (Bathmocercus® <4....-s5624-> eee se aero 669 
AGterropteryixysoasacse ese eee ae eee 35, 40, 129 TULUS a'355202a aero eae 669 
abax, new species.....---- AO, 129) :) ‘Bathypercisis-- 9 25--45-<40- Soe eeee ee eee 469 
semipunctatus .......-..-- 40 DPlatyrhymchus\ sees] eeseeee 469 
ASC HEnHOPLELUSe assess ae ce isos See 669;.691 || ‘Batrachia.. /22 225. Sssc-coa- ee eee 179 
Asthenothzrus hemphilli................- 510,564 | Batrachians and Reptiles Collected in the 
Astrabe, new genus ....:.....-....---- 37, 119, 182 Vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela, with 
lactisella, new species ...-....-- 119, 132 Descriptions of Two New Species of 
Astrapia splendidissima.............-...- 671 Snakes, an Annotated List of, by Leon- 
ANSE VNIS OITA NGlA Cha sss e ne ec eaceeeee cree 531, 564 hard Stejneger =<-5 22.5.9. -ss6-ss0e ees 179 
AaLOCHTOUS se. sc stecscn eeeee ea. aoe ee 669)}| “Batrachoidids 222 4.-- - eee ne eee eee eee 361, 461 
ACH ELVIN Des oe soot eas ee eect eee eee 199/200) 5] BatrachoOpusta.aceictese ce aac ae eee ee eee 663 
Dleekerisze: she sss. steht ose 200; 201';203;)|| (Batrachus mollis -2so-.ssscene4-eee eee 368 
NEMSEHUS eo one seem eee eases 200%) (Beaharnesius) <2: sec censee cee emcee te 720 
HAPONICAS Soi cases ewes Oe oats 201-4) SBehrineianals Wee. sa coe eee eee 531 
DPINGWIS.. Ssssa cca oe eee ceees 2003) \Bellonao.=-252s5sics8 Soa eect eee eee 669 
siliaimay. sco secu eee eee 486 || Belormis:).22% «2sese.esssieee see eee eee 669, 717 
tsurugee, new species........... 202'})| Bem brops cei soak snere ae eee 469, 470, 496 
valenciennesil..ss2s..sssesneeee 201 candimaculajsss-eaeeeeee 469, 470, 496 
woodwardi, new species ...--..- 200'°| “Beni kusabé:.c2. 22. ees s ascc eeo areas 654 
AUN eLINIChUDYSE tec atccceeaceees cies Sener 201: | HBenimasusccesc ce oeehe joss Selene ee eee 575, 577 
AUNETIMI Oe Seca sceesec sec ccc coe aee seas 199; 205" | Bera’. 5. 225 .cs228 sas wee eo eee 623, 625 
Atherion, Mew SeNUS <6 6. sce esos sees 199:'203;: | Beringiuss2sc ss-ce--ss- see eo ee 520, 524, 529, 530 
elymus, new species .....-..... 203 Crevricostatusie.csscesseeeeae 580, 564 
FAWODOLDISS =e -s6c- Fes sce cee eee eeu 669 kenmnicottil. .s.2s-sceeee eee 528, 530, 564 
Gigbolicusi:-2<---c-eeee-saseee4 669 | Bibliography of fossil shells........-..--- 297 
PANNA CUUSE See calo nec Mean eS 520,521 | Birds Collected in the Vicinity of La - 
Atrytone brasina, new species .........--. 436 Guaira, Venezuela, an Annotated 
paranensis, new species ......-.- 436 List of, by Wirt Robinson and 
urqua, new species..........-.. 436 Charles W. Richmond ........... 163 
ATE PTCONS CYANOLCUCH.. == 42-4 suc cun eee oes 177 from the Southern United States, 
PAWL ESE erect sem seeislcces as aecicScelenceint ee 224 Descriptions of Three New, by * 
ATTUSMISO = ee tac cc coe cece sso sesscss coe 224 Kdgar A. Mearns. 22 -2>-2 -ess--- 915 
Sy UT cere poctetore is oimne oe oat Sone ce 224 List of Generic Terms Proposed for, 
Augiades aligula, new species.......-.... 438 During the Years 1890 to 1900, 
anita, new species.............. 437 Inclusive, to which are Added 
chalcone, new species.....-....- 437 Names Omitted by Waterhouse 
tania, new speCiesS.........--.-- 438 in his ‘‘ Index Generum Ayium,”’ 
turbis, Mew iSpeciesia+s-----.---. 438 by Charles W. Richmond.......- 663 
Aulacorhamphus erythrognathus ........ 170° | Blacops..-.-- = cikere ee erie ns The ee seer me 670 
ATUTINID GUDIB\eren'-'< steeitents ec oe ees = aces 504,568; |) ABU axxo eco eet poe see Pere ee eee eae 670 


INDEX. 931 

Page. Page. 
Blax gymnophthalmus.....2........2..4: 670 | Boreotrophon orpheus.............-.--..- 542 
RereMi Ee rieets essays sis = «Sa Sc- i oceeak corse 670 pacificus, new species ..... 544 
MS RSEPERTORG aes Seas See als wai cc SA eS ees 461 panamensis, new species. - 546 
TOIEEONG OD waits cia wo kiosks wea di ticlaincenes cnc 461 peregrinus, new species. .- 543 
Le TITTIES | GCN ee ea a 575 MIGRANT e ss eee eee 539 
Metamece os hone k 2 on ns cwienisce ick sso 637 rotundatus, new species. - 547 
LETTE) ic Se ees ye ey is ae 487 Scalarifonmisms =. sees: 537, 540, 544 
Renu Sere & acs saci an ates seeks as bat 659 Sciimluse sce eee 541, 545 
URES tans ote oe ce a asia Seesmic ass cis See 184, 185 smithi, new species. ....... 542 
CLIPS SS Se ee ei ee, ieee 185 Stuanblssoo easton sso ee Daan Day 
OMB UNICO Lor. sts x ciecos es wee Steet 185 TenuIscul ptlisheee ees =. sees 541 
GVO LOCUS S=2= +h = os ose cee oe 185 WIBD Ula tsi see eee 549 
MOMMA Ree aae ee fos aeisc cnc hce eee 185 tripherus, new species .... D45 
THO|S(Ch81 2591] 0) gi ee oe 184 TLUNCAUUSE hoses kk oe 537, 539, 544 
Ib TCHERD) oS SodetR Oe Se Sea eee 667, 670 VATICOSISSIMUS o_o oe 539 
PCMULMRETL aves ee peicise oc a ccn\ae thee see ows 612") *Bostrycholophus 7... 22-2. 22s. 2 ee 670, 672 
Boissonneaua flavescen8...............--- 329 | Bourcieria fulgidigula.................... 326 
tinochlora, new TOTQUBUUS .- Me see oe Re 325 
subspecies -..- 329) ||) BOWOLEriseeoonn mene eae th etn ee ee 670 
PAXGINCle sass acaresese sss 328) | Brachiopods:..-2:2--2h=-22-25-222--2 ees 561 
HEEGUM sc aca e st beeese 328) |e BTACHOMYX henckiceen ce bth een Res oee 805 
Matthew sles... 2s 56.cesen eee 328) || erachycephalus® 4052. 22002 ee 2 ee ee 249 
Boissonneauxia jardinei ...............-- 328; )|/ BLBCHYGOPC*? na st se oes ee teehee eee ee 670 
BO LDOPSUUEACUSe 225 ose a cece dele cacc = ee 670 anomellases2es. tastes chee ce 670 
Bolecophthalmus.s.. >... 2c<ssectecc ce sot op 47,130) || brachypomacentruse: .—- 2. 2.-6--22eene oe 600 
boddgerti ~222-2 eee 47,48 albifasciatus .-.....- 600 
CHIMENSIS= 5-5.usseo see ee A NBOn hh brachyptenyextes. 40-222 ssck.ct see eee 670 
PCCHMITOSETISe 3) s-5-5 ce = 48 alriceps' so. esc Sect tkecsoe 713 
Boleops aucupatorius .................... Aqua) | PBLACHVPUSSec sec ncciy= ee Sess nee e eee eee 670, 681 
PM ATI Mes tee ce as osc tieoe ss sakes 51 Jeucogenys-<::-5! J. 25.8.5. 672 
TP OLD a REN SESS Oe a ee ke eee 670, 686 UY USKaS ite hee coke tease 686 
JA TIEIEIS EY GA Sa ee oa oe ee oe 524 | Brachyramphus hypoleucus....-......... 696 
IBEREG (NOP UO Macm ot ocaccc. ces ce ces ciciee 499 boSen | A erachivryMChUss<. cee cece ose ena 670 
534, 535, 536, 537, 542, 543, 546, 547,550 | Brachyspiza ..................2.-22......- 671 
HDYSSONUM eee se ees es B40) | Brachyurus'steeril. 22 3..22 2.222222 676 
ACWNOPMOLUS soo -ee ose eee 5a | MBrAssOlimee, cst feces saat e Nate cone 390 

aculeatus var lacunella.... HAR EBLE WSLCTIO woes iad aaa see ee ete cee 671 
alaskanus, new species...- p4p4 | Broad) pereh = 5.224 5225 sses cera et es ee 654 
IUGR Soe oaee ree eee 5489! @ BrOcade-fisht sc <2 Seasse- 2 oes ee ee 646 
avalonensis, new species: - 546,547 | Bromtornis:.----.2..-2...2...26.0.2.22. 2. 671 
MALVICCHSIS) 22 sss 5leesa emo 538, 539 bUurmeisterl s22 4.32232. ee 671 
beringi, new species. ...-.-. 5443s Brontozoum)s? o5-220-- saan ses soe) tae 663 
CHTINALNS!.2 727. se pe cokes ss 539") Buarremon! Crassitostrisis. =. -.----25- 694 
Cepia sect sers he wees wo 5e o4/74 |P Bubonidie. seas. --cr eee seen eae eee 169, 723 
var. cymatus ....... b47 || Buccamodonk). s.2e eee tae se eee es Sees 707 
clathratus: . 537, 538, 540, 543, 544,546 | Buccinide..............2..2..:.----.. 517, 524, 531 
ClathTUSteee es goes ee 21s OB UCCIMiN steerer aetaane aa ea aos ho eee 499, 517, 524 
Claas shee see ers aeyae ee Hoot |PBUCCIIOpSIS 2: seer ee ~ eee ee ee 530 
COSSIMAN Meee s ee aaa ase 539 Camalicuilaita-ssss22222022-- 52. 531 
CrauCwlatussecs asses. = aso 538, 540 UR avers 2 oe Rs aS Se oc wae 530 
CUMILATUIG See o2e cass ee b4Ss | RBUCCINIUM Paso nso tench nota lao seoe coe 522 
MADNC YI s sose6 sacs seaccces 539 angeulosumMs.o.. es seece 517, 518, 519, 565 
COR UNS ar pena ee Ok eae 547, 548 angulosum var. normale...._- 518, 565 
Geeorattis see os = se. sees: 539 angulosum var. subcostatum.. 518,565 
GGVEISUSS. <2 Seas beta cee 539 Castaneumy- 2 see eesse ose 518, 519, 565 
Gisparilisis oo -aecaseec cess 545, 546 castaneum var. tricarinatum.. 519,565 
GNOUCTI =. 2 a2teocc tas Se S08 539 all Claes ears we ne ees se ese 524 
BUCYIMAfUS! =... sxcs5 eHenisc 547 ANMTATTAN UM Ways toes os we 520 
nit HG bite oeBepeneeas eee 539 UNAS Claas stk ds foo ck ee 524 
PUMMMOVI peer sea sc et ante 587, 539, 543 hyGrophanum! 2. 222...22-..... 518 
kamchatkanus,new species 541 KENMICOUM Ns aseco 253-2325. .056 530 
limmeolaresss Sac esses 5 540 OCHOLENSE Veet: ek see ee eee 518 
maclaini, new species..... 538 OVOIGES Saar coe 5381 
mazatlanicus, new species. 546 PENCTASSUMO eatin oe Selene 518, 565 
TUUUICOStATUS? 25522. 0c6- 2a 543 MICHINAGUMeo see seen tee eae 520, 565 
multilamellosus ........... 539 PlecirumM-t-n tee ote SS 519, 565 
MUI CALUS es secs sec eee 539 POIBTOreR tess tse rendcs-cecenccs 518 


932 INDEX. 
Page Page. 
Buecinum schrenckil = esses eee ae 518 | Callianassa goniophthalma, new species. 886 
stimpsonil ees sess oe ees BL7, S180 | Calliamacsid cee epee ee eee eee 886 — 
taphrivmy eerste eee 524 | Callimormus diaeses, new species......-- 456 
tenella see eee as aasee 519, 565 verames, new species ...... 456, 
[nebhakerqUleNe nee nS oace ome oe 537) | Calliodon?...----=--= ae a cteh eeccen meee 657, 658 
Bueco bidentatis=2sa--ceseeeeee eee == 694 croicensisi:.: -22.3..28 ese eee 658 
duVvanicelites sages oetee peceneee te 696 ineatus’s.2 222552428 eee eee 658 
ay hh eae aang Meats. oe tet 711, |-Galliostoma iridium. 2.12... eee 552,565 — 
ZEYIOMICUSS222 -e- eee eee enaee = 718 GUrbpiMtM Sse ee eee eee 552,565 
Bucerosialbocristatus:--o.-22 esses ea 701 Varlegratum 2-2. sese-ee eee 552, 565 — 
CASSIOIS Hh ns Sate ae eee oe 672) Calliphioxemitchelli == ss2=2-- eee emeneseee 341 
CXAaratis Geos. thee ne see ease 712 mitchellit 22). veces eee eee 341 
tickellli, <3. 5. see taotee eee bene 711" | Callista-c: 43 a28 sees ee Sesto 509 
‘Bucerotide == --e. wee enc eeeceeeeeee eae 723 | Calloleria tosca, new species ....-......-- 386 — 
BUGS SS oe ness eestor ee meee tee ae am 657 «| “Callornis:t2.2¢ 25.22 2c.2e-ess esse teens 671 
IBULOMSMINUS ieee ease sises = Soe 180 PIgAMbeus: s25: sec. es ese eee 671 
IBUILGILGS a Renee eto Steet eee ot ae 671 cioCallyodonesseaesece scene The eee 656, 658 
Bullfrog from Florida and the Gulf Coast, CrolGenSis 222225 sce ee eae 658 
a New Species of, by Leonhard Stejne- JAPONICUS= 2 -c 2226S eee eee 657 
fe a ARES ane Oee AGC rOOe seASprasog ace 211 limeatus.s. ce. - seasons 658 
Burrsfishes jess oc sce ee tes ae sisi eisesceee 258 TuUbiginOSUSH- 357-24 sess--ee eee 657 
Buseck, August, on A Review of the Ameri- Calobamon)...s225..2: f2eee see eee ee eee _ 671 
can Moths of the Genus Depressaria Calodromas2s-22.<tos2c2 = se eee eee 671 
Haworth, with Descriptions of New Calopelia::.....22. 5-255 Sees = tes eee 671 
Species: 6-22 feces cee cena eee 731 ||¢Calopezus)=\). 22222 22-623. 82 S88 ee 671 
Biteo a bbreviaibusssc-< Setar eee eee se 167: | ‘Galopus: st ea ise ee eee ee 663 
Buteogalltist2-2 3245-22222 26- sot eee 666: | "Caloris Corvima-- -=22-ceses seas eee 690 
Buteonidse: s-2 seeh 53 sso eee sees eee 167 |sCalothoraxsmiernrus= snes ee eee 340 
Buthotrephisee: =. 225 see = 265.267. 263; 2695270 || CAlOLOMMUS < sneee eee eee een eee 656, 662 
antigua es. osseeeeee sete ase 267 japonicus 2255.6 556 oss eee 655, 662 
divaricata, new species. .-.-. 265, Kenodon’s. 2.0225 sos eee 656 
266, 267,270 | Caluromys philander..................... 138 
pracilisiys sc. pees eee 267 | Calviltrons:.<22325242 ce ses- eee eee 671, 705 
TM PUCI Case es. Aer Ee eee 267 | Calydna zea, new species.........-.-...-- 403 
lesquereuxii......-. 265, 266, 267,268 | Calzones blancos)....--2-----22 2-22. eee 330 
newlini, new species .....-. 265, NEPTOS ..aes5se08 mec hae soos eee 301 
266; 267,)268, 269,270" (Camasiceluseceseea- ees se ee ee eee 672 
SUbNOGOSa =e) ee eee 267 palustris*: .csesee eae 672 
SUCCUIENS:/s222ceme ose eae 267 |\“Campephapidiese- reece = ae eee 723 
Two New Species of Algze of Campephilus malherbii -.-....-----..---- 171 
the Genus, from the Upper Campylopterus lazulus.......-....-..-.-- 315 
Silurian of Indiana, by ODSCUTUS 2 22 S8 ose eee 315 
Dayid White .....-.-..--. 265 villaviGeneiote----e sense 315 
Butleria arpia, new species .-.-..---.--.- 435 Villaviscensio’==.- 5. secee= 315 
Butterflies, Descriptions of New Ameri- Cancellaria microscopica.....-.---..----- 504 
can, by William Schaus ....-.--2-.-.--.- 383 middendorffiana....-........ 516, 565 
Bythinella == sscc--.en-s.-2ace25 27D, 276, 277,2824|) CabCeUSpUNUS teeeee =e eee eee eee =e 893 
intermedia wos. eects. = <eee 285) || (Canisicancnrivorus 2c eee eee ee eee eee 146 
proteata= a s.casee eee S5e5E O77 | Canthigasters-.---- =.=. eo seeo eee eee 254 
SCOMIAMI shes 55-282 sees ise O77 | \GanizaCOlaSte-a-scs sae one a eee eee 323 
(CA DASSOUS creer ecicrine eer er eeee rt ereecae 161) | \Capitoigoiini cee. ---> sees ee eee 719 
ispidus .-f2eec-se sane eee ee 189 | Capitonidiec:------ 22+ ee sa seeeeee eee 723 
lupubris' 32 255-eccesee eee 139 ||) Caprimulgider : se...) seat see eee 171, 723 
CACHING Hl si stitesc- ce on eee Sees 723. | (Caprormis:)-2222.c.2-- soe see ce ee eens 672 
Cacomitl Cat of the Rio Grande Valley, Carbo bougainivalli 222: esse eseees 692 
the, by Edgar A. Mearns........-.-..-. 207 | Careliparisi.2 2222 2e26-hes ose e eee eee 348 
(CEO, 5h 6s ounaouduenpaaesebedaasss See see 706 apassiziis-2. oe Reese eee 348 
Cala OdTOMMUS = coeeecns- = 5-3 -sn eee eis 671 | (\Gareproctus --------=--=5-6- =e eee eee 348 
(WANASTA CUS MCMC Gs oes oo aici asacinaee cee 887 | Caria tabrenthia, new species.......-.--- 403 
quinqueseriatus, new species. 887 | Carinifexonewberryi-~-- =) ==.) eee 293 
@ailastraplaisssc-es ese see soa= enc soess <5 671 | ‘Carnifex®. 2 ose eee en eee 672 
Galendiulla trem amthitoes. ook ook eens a 709 || @arollisnbrevicadaes: oss c--aneeee eae 152 
GalicojsalmOWver eee spears eee = 2am oe 572. || Carpenteria: 22---9-se-22----- eee eee eee 303 
CANINA Tiss sb osee cst Janessedsonsescosoeee 671" | Carpophaga-ereseteenne ee -- aee sens 676, 677, 722 
periophthalmica .....-......... 671 fOrsterlise ocean eee eae ae 722 
Calleleotrisstrigata)< 2 s-o-c- o- cee ewe on 42 WCE CILOLEMOs ee enact eeeeee 676 
@alliamassa cece Cua tencesnceeeciccciaeese 886: || Casancai ica iase ssce cece leas eee eres 699 


INDEX. 933 
Page. Page. 
UISSISLES 5o50 55 2en00 Spo SRDCCEEs BaESICEAaBoes 672) ‘Cheetodon'sordiduss: 2-252 2222-=5. anne sen 610 
“UEGITERIT, - cen 295355 oe ae 717 tyrwhitti ...... Fejsiepacie Boas 608 
RUBS TATIOMMIMAS 5 on oon sin cicines cece recess 6728 ie Cheetodontid ay ss 0rs 20 sae iia aeeaseveclere 596, 606 
PEAS UNC Mae aiciacis cjc'= a's cnic Swe Selccee des 2am eC HES h ULC HL VSi- tects aie oe late.a tea ciel electors 37, 104, 132 
Cat of the Rio Grande Valley, the Caco- hexanemus..-. 105, 106, 107, 108, 132 
Min py Hagar A. Mearns)5............ 207 DOlVNEMAal ose eee 103 
Catalogue of a Collection of Humming- sciistius, new species. 105,107,132 
birds from Ecuador and Colombia, by Stigmatias sosus es oe 104, 105, 132 
Harve GlODernOIser «<5. 2s 000050500 soo) | Chaleophaps) ss-.5- 4525.2. s ee coasees 677 
SEMUBPL MENS ease AS acces as cesses ce = G72: Chalcopsar 2-05 < csc aos -seeinetechcaneees 673 
LEA OMOL A eae Sasi eiss e's sisvcelescsecsst = 672 | Chaleostigma herrani ...................- 335 
ReRMLOLOL OS Sete oss 55 ace e neat 672 Stanleyis sac. 5 oes Sao ee 335 
AURATISTASULUDU: = <5. s0055506sc0ccceccss5 167ek Chalmon! 1.2. 5922522022 cancer 2 I 535 
CURDS EC Oy he oe oa a a 16ie i Ghamailactucayscssa:% 2 soc ananassae 509, 564 
(SEMI CTNG ED) ee 167, 723 MICOM Onis eas skeees ae OS 509 
Gatherpes/sumichrasti.........-.--.22---- 689 | Chamaelimnas joviana, new species. ----. 401, 402 
“BLD GIN TAG Oo oe SRS ee eee Eee Ese eee 446 similis, new species.....-- 402 
minaya, new species .......:...---- 446 | Chamberlin, Ralph V., on Henicops Doli- 
MPTODNTYV MENUS). aciacaciccsaos.ccee~sss--0 232 chopus, a New Chilopod from Utah .... 797 
: LETTS CA en eee 232 | Chamberlin, Ralph V., on List of the Myri- 
RBCTO DIS tases aa =s cj sncce se css cles wes 687 apod Family Lithobiidz of Salt Lake 
Ceecropterus evelinda..-...-.-.-........-- 429 County, Utah, with Descriptions of Five 
ochrilinea, new species. ..--- 429 ING WeSPeCics 5-222. sua0.s soso sot ean eee 21 
SBREMETING erettelce cla ianic ais ss's,c mas esccsce cease 2607) ||: Champsodonss= << 52.0 sec aso seca se se 480, 497 
IBGODSsss-5-- scccossce sss ceccsae 260 VOTAKs 5 saree soma citeete 480, 481, 497 
MEMGEOIODOUS ><a. 55-050 sc<a—5 Soacse ae cc's 670;\6727 |. ‘Champsodontidie:- -2=---+----.--2--=- 462, 480, 497 
WeriropusmaNtiquus.-.=.- 5-25-22: -s--4-3--- G76) |i @haradriid 2) 22s 2: see onc nance sciaeese 723 
‘CHAD 10 GS BBS OA Bee Eonar eae ee 672\ | Charadrius egyptius -..:......-.--:...-<- 720 
(0) a ee 672 LCUCULUSS ps see eae ass sees 683 
COnMUTUSIMSULANUS. 22-22-2552 s02 20-5555 225 ERICOLOR ao. 5 ek onsen tcean 722 
BeWNANEPIS! 23005510 s 52 ses secs cscn.s 716 | Charis dukinfieldia, new species ........- 401 
PeMUMIO DOCH) s sens. s Sos cs Senet. ccce a. ccecis 511 INCOMES; MEW: SPEClESas eases eee 401 
CL DITO pee Ree ee ee GEGR IAG aTtsre vere Senso ojos eee et 581 
PCMAG een. Sos asec sa necnt tessa sceckase ZOOM CHASM AS aces sae asses tee tear 36, 84, 100, 181 
WGVASs gecescacactcsasekese ns eccs 261 Golichoensthus22-s-2ss2-2s-22=- 84,1381 
MIO Ae ee aso cee he cne nice cess 260 TM Sao aeons oti seer 84, 85, 86, 131 
OUIBUSOLISCUSs conse cose sk a cicn' oe ZBle es @NAUNGUR eas os oo sch aoe noe aeseee ee 367, 376, 381 
pallasiaMus’. oo 5.5. .23sceces2-555 261 HmMbrigtus soos. - sss se ee 377, 381 
Cepphus,columba <.:-2...2:2::2..5-.-s.-2- 710 PICtUSiS 2522255 cee ieee eee 376, 377 
MELHSO DM Ame ccm rccaaccie ds scbiccsilnaceess O72) Chanyardss- 2. secs- os=ce 5 seco seee ce neice 671 
HHOMPSONI = 322 iscescce sess G72) it Cheilichthysys.. Sse vase essesee ose a 232 
Ceratitis lycii, new species ........-...... 30 TestUGinelses tas shams oss 232 
rubivora, new species ........-- 29) | Chellinoides: 2.252.224. ss2c24s2kleselos cece 651 
@ercocebus carbonarius ..........--...:.- 789, 795 cyanopleurae: jess. 651 
“CERES GIR tt Ne ee ee 5OMb63\ |, Cheilinuse= 25-944 0- 25 -is eater eee 613, 653, 662 
RCEOUN Reema mised asdat ee mee ae asc 'cecs-n 2-2 136 DlOGHIUS +. eos saseccassasscse eek 635 
Certhia cinnamomesa......-....-.----.--- 672 Mum aS? 2s. c. se cce es eoees a 607 
GYANCO onc nse s a ascec cecase ase e == 676 OxyrhynChus\=-s--5-c2----- 653, 654, 662 
(Chnio 3 Se ees eee a SSerCe Seances 672 ErUObSUS so 2 s555c2c5sase0 <5 55 653 
EVES MIS sete ess aoeioc coe fea Sion 793 i| Cheiliowtectens o> ase ee aaa ale oe Ea 613, 648, 662 
Wenvle gmMenmCang 2 2-:<--2s22-51055 a-sis-- 170 GUTMUUS S224 2 cos Sys. zona ses. 643, 644 
Cetoconcha elongata ............-...2c0. 561 DiGolOTss = se. es ee a 644 
scapha, new species. .......-. 561 eyanochloris 2. ==2--scseeee teens 644 
MPO p eere = mee seronsecmes as. 2eeceee eee 673 fOrskealilt Sos .- os cee ee ciel 644 
CUeHOLODIUS S.2-: ss522oee8e522 36, 74, 75, 76, 78, 131 FUSCUS! ste 258 « cae ee meena 644 
annularis) 232-225. :22s=-5¢ 75, 76,131 HEMICHTYSOSessaa- sees ee aces == 2 644 
macrognathos:==.-..-.s.=-- 76,131 UN CLINGS eee s Sos ae eee el aciees.cse' 644, 662 
MBRCLOCEICUS<os. 5-01 soso soos saees--eel ee 341 IMIGTOSUOMA ses soe es esses 2 =-2st 644 
POMPUS! 22257. Soe e eee seas 341 TAM OSUSt eee ose cee ess «cis 644 
gourdanil®. 257.52 -c.2sssc-0 341 Wit CIS ee aeanisinin co ece sec cccmaes 644 
TAMUCNSANUUL caer nse cease o4 | Cheilodipterus culius::.c. -.64..-.-...s--- 45 
LOOM eeaat rosie acn 22 cscs ccs cece acts BOG simOhelidonariggeess 29. 0 -tscaccks eo setmoes 673 
CaudaDILOTCA . == -222.2525555=° GOSmii Chen aemerser tees cha sc iox ooo awelelaranys 673 
CUTACHOM eno seas 22s sae meses GOS SChenalonexmesee se2ct Se 3 soo. acai 666 
rotundatus cinereas........... 608 | (CHEN ORMISm er reetes cat oe occa sesiecmee eases 673 
TOMUMMOUS eee aks =. 5 5502 2esee 608 VVC WOM OS! ke ctose Secterere weisece 673 
BARS semis seas ers eee GOB |M@heraneecsscsae sa s.c% tole d acid clseiiecewtniclace 678 


934 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 

Chérsophilus 2.22322 -eeee coer eee eae 673 | Chondrodonta glabra, new species....... 302, 
Ghiasmodontidge)-- =. s-cea a seeeee eee eee 462, 480 303, 306, 307 
Chidais ... 26-5 2ec ceo eee eee eee 654 JOBNMN EE es ete enone 303 
Chika ct <sicncea sme socm ak esta eee aeeae 588, 589 MUNSON se. oe oe = 308, 305, 306, 307 
Chilomycterusessseeeecee eee eeeeeeee 2563258264. | Chondrohierax Sassen see 169 
antenMa tisimecacsssececes 258 TUATrONS ai hee ae eee 169 
DEIN SRE ose: oe eee oe 259 UNCIN AGUS. eens se cores 169 
ealiforniensis -........ 258,259,264 || Chordeiles pusillus-. --2525.2-24.--s2eseee 698 
MEtICULALUSHe eee acetee scene 258° 259) G@HOSOnRNMINeeeeee ee once eee eens Fu gee 673 
iPTIMUSee oes eee eee 258 prepteritus). $94.26 se eeeee eee 6738 
Chilopod,a New, from Utah, Henicops Dol- ChOtorea tases coher 685 
ichopus, by Ralph VY. Chamberlin -.-.. 9%, | Chrigsonodonmers--en-oeeee ease ee eee eee 480 
Chinese beras seek cos eme seem cee eee 623%) (Chromis:. 42-20 oo. eee e eee eee 596, 599, 660 
Chinnookisalmionstete: aecen ce cece serene 570 GHYOMIS 32.500 ssa eee eee Ree ae 599 
Chiomara marthona, new species ...-..--- 435 MOAUUS: cecimacer eee ee eer ee eee 599, 660 
Chiquera <n. 222 Juses so-so ose see sos eee 7195)" Chrysipteraiccncna2 esate ie ese eee 596, 605, 661 
Chiracanthium anclussum:.<-2222-2-2--:: 219 AZULCUS: 20 Soe an Soe heen eee 605 
WATICG Coa oe pence sree 219 bonang;..-2 4.8 -eceeeease 605, 606, 661 
@hironectes! 222 == a cwses wc eee esos eee 161, 371 brownies, . 22 2t ees eee 606 
(antennerius) i. 2s-sc4--e5ee6 371 ZOMAUUS= 2. == ese 606 
AM ATIMNOVAUUS ease ee eae eee ae 368 | MelaSs..ccctwassee neces seene 605, 661 
tPIG ENS 4: Chew l doee te hee ces 372 | Chrysodomii <=. ....22 0806 sso ee ee eee 536 
Chiroxiphia lanceolata..........:...-.-:. 1731) ‘Ghrysodominte 24-2204 .444se eee eee 499, 520 
Chioeaz: 28 e25s5-2 Sete Ooh Satis asa doebaL S6:7Silols |) ChrysOdOmuUsesca---ee eee 520, 521, 522, 523, 586 
CAStAN Cats CASE a cnn aee ee enee 78, 79,131 ANTI QUUS! 3. eneec eee ee 521, 522 
LOWS o aaicwlow alee ooeninsne teense 79, 80,131 HITUNNEUS!< 43-28 eaeaee 525 
mororana, new species ....-- 79, 80, 88, 181 contrariuss:.5-pecece se eee 921 
sarchynnis, new species ....---- 79, 82,131 erebricostatus........-- 524, 529, 530 
Chiorichthiysis Ssseecees acetone eer 645 Gespectusye. sce ce eee eee 536 
pitascigtuseecss. seeeeonaee 645 CUCOSIMTUSS as =) ees eee 523 
Chlorippe laure..... tothe died teaice eens 397 fuscoligatus\s4---5-2-een sees 525 
laurona, new species ...--..--. 397 islandicus.- «scee=-eeeeseee 521 
Ghilorocharis) 34-2 3s5es cone ee oe eee eee 673 kennicottilesssees se eeeeeene 524, 530 
@miilises? «eens see eee ete ee 673  diratis:c2- 3-452 eee 518 
Ghiorodrepanis: 22.202. ceeaee ne cee nee sees 673 martensi <.24..a5seae eee 526 
Chloronerpes rubiginosus ...........:--.. 171 pericochlion) <3". -seseeeee 524 
Chiorophanes'spizee-ceeaeccseceeseoeeeee 176 TectirOstris'-2- seme ee eee 525 
Chilorophy Cees sess cne5-ceehones scene 269 TOSCUS: =) otk Seco eee 526 
Chilorostilboncaribbzea:---s--2--es-sssse— 173 tabulatus!. see eeeeeseeae 524, 564 
Gaphm @:senc6. sosienaeeseaaes 318 ViTeNS = 52-2 ~t-cees sane 525 
melanorhynchus .....----- 318 | Chrysolampis moschitus.............----- 172 
prasinus daphne ......-.... 318 |) Chrysomitridops=.. 4-52-24 eee ee eee 673 
pumiluseeseeeees-eesseeee 318 cseruleirostris.....---=.- 673 
SteMUraet as cased cate oe 318: | Chrysoptera, 2 ceec te esc one eee 605 
SUCMMITUSS.. =e opener eer 318) | Chrysuroniacenone sss — =e ene 317 
CHIOTUrUs: 62h cis5--6 henneacc cece eee 658 (PHONG 2322 see eee 317 
SIDDUSi ea scee eee eases 658. | ‘Cichhidse. 2222255 Sask ees eee eee ee 596 
Ghoerojulliss 20 ese de seo eeee cise aaa 636) |IMCichlops#.:5..2ss\.0. cece ee oe eee 490, 491, 497 
Choeeropsseetes ae. hee ec ae eee Cea ees 612, 614, 661 cyclophthalmay 222-22. eeeeees 491, 497 
en choragsowcecacsre ee oeeeee 614, 616, 661 eyclophthalmms == 32-5 -erseee 491 
AZUNIO Fa sans rosisierenje serasateece eels 614, 661 j@POWICS ce eaceesc- a as5 sees 491 
TAPOMICUGN a ao5 ei cemmae eeeaeee 614 JAPONICUS: =: -- 2.05.0 as cence 491 
MP CTOGONsssassate oe Seen eee 614. || Ciconiidse see 25 series See -C Ce ee ee 723 
macrodontara--- so seeeeee eee aa 616; || Cimolopteryx:-n--.5-20 eee eee 73 
IMCELCA OTIS 43, seiciwek wisianoaceesee es 614 TATUSS 2 fas och codices one eee 673 
CHOIMOGOMES eS assis e sce some ee eeee cee 614 ||" Cincoireailes'-)....Jechisec see eae eee 302 
MACKOGOM fee sa core ee eee ee 614. | Ciridops\< 3% <a. no. so- See Sate ee eee 673 
GHOndEIbeS ease eee San soos sesh oes sees 270 5); Cirrhilabrus<<2s.-c<s4-se = eee ee 613, 651, 662 
dolichophiydiuss. 2... Se2n224- 270 temmiinGkis. stn. steeeeeees 651, 662 
Chondrodonta, a New Genus of Ostrei- Cirrhisomus). 2. 332 si-)-a2 st eee ese 232 
form Mollusks from the spenglerik 5.27 ceeven ees 232 
Cretaceous, with De- Girsotrema icochleaes sane. cesses eee eee 506, 563 
scriptions of the Geno- Girulus: joo: -.5a tee ase eee 673 
type and a New Spe- PIatensis/-se 5-5. --eaeeeeecas 673 
cies, by Timothy W. Cladobates nicobaricus.........--....---- 773, 795 
Stanton Saree acces oc 301. |\ (Cladormniss co eee ccs eee eee 673 
new genus... 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 pachypusts=-.~3) 2 sseeee esa 673 


.) ——— 


INDEX. 935 

Page Page 
SEMA GOMMUNN GS: cesenc ced oc bec ccwk chee ce 23) Columba auricularis:....2. 222-2222. ele 712 
‘CHTOUTOE See ee Sage ae 674 TOSCO) a Scott om eens eee 717 
RURAL OTs ee iee cect he ons cis wind cowie eeec le - 674 IRIS Ch yr ale Soe cs ote ee 692 
WIE) beeS See aoe oe 674 PUL CB. <2 ci ape! eRe ee 678 
Clariger, new genus-......-........_-- 37, 120, 132 HUSPMONICE enemas ee eee 688 
cosmurus, new species. -.-.-. 120, 121, 132 hod psonis 2-7 Senco see sae 677 
CLRID coc C30 Ge OSE BEEBE SCH cSSSEe- Bea a ee 674 Nivinpate Ge taues eo Ae. St er 714 
OG ooo ce an atena Sse eee ee eae 187 TRAC Linese ete ae ae 699 
Cloelia .--..........---2..-..---...- 189 MIS TALOLA eee ee ee 719 

SIGMA eee meee nan sero acns 187, 188 MIPTINOSETISIe neo eee eee 7 
CUS) Sn |S 674 TH PALETISIS seen oe ae eee ae 677 
OMS Oo 5668S CCS Ee ee aes eta 674 ORVUTarA pte ee ee ee ee 713 
Clidiophora gouldiana ................... 511, 564 pelumpuss.-e ee fee 708 
RUAN Ube 2 se Reena osha oat ace 511, 568 DICLUTALSe cae ee 688 
istpionantnelusa- 2. 5. +--+ 52-2+--22<--% 219 yarhbbaajave pes eae eee he Loe tM = 166 
CLE) Su 0 ING 2 eS Se See a pe ae ee 218 Olle Stace see So oe ee ee 666 
Wlvtolaema AUreSCENS . =. --.-.22.2.... 0.6. 323 PUGH rere tce eee eee eek 671 
POLY OSDIZH sean wm < soa se Besant essere 674 tranquebaricay.-2- ee. esos 700 
Cnemidophorus lemniscatus. ...-.......-. IRE || MOtoviwtal ey watbren eae te ha eS 585 
(CHES TE) 3) 50 IS ee Fo, 6/4095 se COLUM Dideas: aster ee eee aes ee 166, 728, 724. 
MAGETESOrs 2-5. Ses 5e =< s. 674 | Columbigallina passerina ................ 167 
Cobalus arita, new species ..............- AG Wale COLMMpPOLes® <n amt nuke Labels tet ome oe eee 674 
FOILS, DEW. Species. 5--5-.----.--= ALON COL MIDIG cere = eee AS ee ee ee ee 724 
rastaca, new species ............. AAD! COMP SOLER smo seen Cees eens ee as ee 675 

Coccothraustes olivaceus....-.....-------- OSI a COMMDSOSDI Za S28 aces et eee ek aa ee 67 
IBOCGYZOCNOS: =. 2 25.5-25:2-5-2-22- 22005255 - 74 garlepplesonce ss-5 teeta 675 
( CLO" C1GN 170 nS HE Sy eae 20 BN \COMMPSOLIST: co ans fet eee, ae cy ee 675 
Coeeyzus melanocoryphus........-------- 7 Oe CONE DATS oer Samseane See oo coke eee 162 
BTM AISLIR MEER Kenner cas te oe ee eee cn nie G7Ass |e COMOINIS Se ec San soe co ees nee eeu kee 675 
ASSL aes sxia Soi Sess sss we 674 OIGUS) seen Saas oseacceeenesee 675 
DEW GCSI Ree Sena Sane aces Sie 2 ee Se OIE eCONBUTI CLOW eso a soe ose Bcrseiee ee ate 184 
CSUR AAS Se Sie Cee aa es ae ee 267, 269 CONSUNICLOM fa. fa. qaceceeceeee 185 
LOH M LOSI rere Sees ie Aeon POOE | MCOMLPUS Pas soos naan eas ne mecca saree 688 
GUCIOPCRYS PACH...) 2 ccc esc-ccete esse t= TAI BCONCOPUS\a=s2 cats ace cnoatecctouesites sass 688 
DW EOUROK) OFS 5 ee ae ae eee a G7 SICOMUTOPSIS! Seylanke, seh eeen = ecinaaceceeccnce 675 
@oendow prehensile: ..-..........-:--.--- GMs COMMMIS oe Sesenisicee cece es sees cis so nece nce 169 
TENE DAMUTCOIN «..s22cccssncesssececeee ccc 176 | Conus stimpsoni, new species ............ 503, 563 

“QUEI(2) 1100192) A ee 176,723 | Coquillett, D. W., on New Diptera from 

OWE) fea ae ee ee ee 337 SOULDermOAMTICAl: -..o. ccek os os ene te neee se 27 
NSP ence trees o ee sos cee eres cates Soe WCOTACIIOR: - 5 ihe Wass ousne nce cnsenss canes 724 
VEG Le Se Sa eee ee Sor, | LOOTACOCICOI Ay 32 san ces es cee cins sce es eceeence 675, 695 
PID Me ee asccc cts ees. sce ccecese ese seice Jee MCOTAGCODIbt aes on soees coe encase rece scene 675 
PUGH Cyl ese ss 2 -sc 25-2 se sceceaes 309,320 | Coralliophila ..... snldin sista sania s Sesoae eee 535 
GV ONOUISs Sse eee coe ANe te B19. Corals, - Ss seeisctcnacis om class soa eects yaaa 184 
VENI OUUS a ae ee Sem as neice sme arccme S19 COPA DIUUA,« = oct aamonlqnaitersestee ont ceo esee 675 
ecyanotus cabanidis.............-- SILOS | MCOLCEDEUNE muae sume sae cisnee stone ee sete ak 714 
Gelphinse 2222 s8s5 2S ac52 toes SIO COTS ahaa ce ee erie acini 618, 640, 641, 643, 662 
TOMGUM Se cas eoe a tae sce ae a scheoscnee 320, 321 BD EULA tan poten ctaacetialsmeewcebeciestelse 641 
ADRs co cine ce cizsicc conc ce ashes 320 UV PU eee wc aiec nals 2 e/c/a sisieisle sae. 640, 641, 662 
HO SIARSINUIS S552 ace acess so os 319 LOLIMOSR otis Sects sicis- ciselnece comes 643 
REITs nse oe one mice tees eases sce ase 674 puleherrimas hs. cc sonnet ee sas 643 
Collection of Hummingbirds from Ecua- Conrmoramie sess cate cta oe coeineatmen te sees 688 
dor and Colombia, Catalogue of a, by COTS. SE Ae acetals o satee saat wis sae oa 675 
Marry C; ODeCEnOISer ec oe cose ass BUIE COL VAC Beet ece anineee tonnes 175, 724 
Colombia and Ecuador, Catalogue of a CORVUSICRLVUS)s: come 9 mee teem na eee ne 71 
Collection of Humming birds from, by STACWMUS Heese eee eee aeeaccas 2 675 
Harry @. Oberholser=-.2-2--<225.-.2---.- 309 SV IMNOCE PAU soo cie ca isisae 684 
Colorado Desert, the Fossil Fresh-water MOM EGU] Bsc aisesins cle a Sisic:<ierosiaie 675 
Shells of the, Their Distribution, En- MOLIONUM eee ee essa cs osleceeer 702 
vironment, and Variation, by Robert CORY GOD eee ese eoeeee ce vec we kc acess naacs 675 
TOCA CATS 72521 012) nye ae Zi Coryphwena japonica © 2.2... -s.-.-se0- a 489 
Roluper ahetillasas--2.c.cse--5-cae5 osme 187 SIMEMSIS :orminin's oso c ce memiyefrele 489 
Clipliteree re nase: a. ose e ison eeae ISTE ROOLy phenOlgdes=. 2. - 5 ins aacecces saeeece 488 
BOLUM Paiece seem osoc ces cine c css 3 666, 678, 692, 700 MOWP VO eae eee eee 489 
GNbanGuled sess. = 5 2. cece tee ee 677 houttuynijaponicus ..... 488 
antarctica v. dilopha.........-- Gi PCOLYDMOSNESSseaeeeG aa '5 <3 ee ate ie <= 675 
QUOMMU Ceres ses oe nase et cee ners 677 | Coryphopterus glaucofrenum .........-- 54 


936 INDEX. 
; Page. Page, 
Corythocichla crassa -ss--te.-4-ess-- eae se 691 || (Crayracion linestus 27.20 .ecseeseesosees 251 
Corythroichthys.......-...- Be ace Soto es cise 5,7, 19 spenglert .... 55 ecocecs sere 231, 249 
al bIROStRISeeee nee en aoeeee 7. | \Creatophoral Sc .sacccess oars oet eens 705 
isigakius, new species -. 75509) WCTECEOIGES 2. yee cineieerieise ease aes 675 
Cosmophoneusitcneeseeeeeeeee renee ee eres 675 QSHOMMUL EZ: ocjsc sees senna eee 675 
Cossyphanccce a caceeeceeans ot Seance ne ease 694. | (CreGOleS)= by ©. Sob stsiejsnisieas score cease 675 
Cossyphod ess: saan-seeecne soe teen eee 614)'| SCLCCOPSIS’.. 5 5..acc aan as ceo oem en eetonciae 675 
Macrodon..-scses4ese" sss Gld |/MCrenellae Menace cer eee ate eee 559 
Cossyphus anchoragoren. a.) .-=c—- 2s 616 TADS n esos set oe ere eee 508, 564 
atrolumibus =: ac. cceseeecosee 618, 619 megas, New species ........--.-- 559 
amillarissscsecieesomere cece 617 Pectinula 2.5.2 ssseee eee 507, 508, 564 
JAPONICUS) 22eeh owas 2 scene 614 | Crenilabrus aurigarius ...........-------- 623 
microlepidotuss:-.-2--~<s--e0= 621 HUD GIT OSes aerate seerae eee ete 624 
MOM 55. 21s phic ee eceeeincre 617 spilogaster. = -sc-542eaneeeeee 624, 625 
oxycephalus.2-<scseeene essa. 619 I iCrex CeTeela ste as socse ass aca e eee 675 
perditioxcessesasscese cece coe: 618;619: | Crociduma)2 2.2 -se 4-2 eee ne eee eee 776,777 
Teticulatws= 2 s-c-eeeciese sess 621 andamanensis, new species -.- 777‘ 
AIM ACU AGUS fee eet eienie 619 778, 792 
(Coynbeleals Gis anasaescnoccn So anoroseagenoSor 724 TAVIS eStore yas ease Paqaaceanys Lids 
COttidee ee see ee ciemceeee s secieeeeemeeecere 347 nicobarica, new species.......- 776, 
Cotbumc@uliise reese eee eee cere eee enone 347 777, 778, 792 
CotumMicops sacs. s0.2seane sees nee seeees 10L. | <Crocomorphus: 2222. ..eee Boece eee 676 
GCoturnieultise-2 seek ee oe eee eee eee O17 || S@LOsswASe:PUPLer can ccm em nace sas aeteeeeeee 255 
ODSCUTUS. 425 casee eee eater 9167917) (‘Crotophaga anise, .asce. =o: aes 169 
savannarum bimaculatus .. 916,917 | Crustaceans from the West Coast of North 
floridanus, America, Descriptions of New Decapod, 
new subspe- by Many JnRathibum cc e<.es- see seeceee 885 
Gies:2.< 2 915; 916/917 |M@rypticus)<. cs oocemaces sees naceeeeeeeeeee 681 
passerinus) 915; 9168917 I Cry ptullaseeeec renee ane eee eee eee 676 
perpallidus -.. 916) ||) (Cryptocentrus/sjoqce-hos- ee eee eee 35, 72,130 
savannarum.. 916,917 CLYPtOGen ius! 22-2 -s-e coca 72 
COpylIsivientriGOsUse-eece msec ehecicat =e 346 WUE Ee oS apaca cosas aeons 72,130 
(CHENEDTS 23.5 SaaemoosbodGaseasaaoononseehs 684° 724°1|'Cryptophapsssss—-eeees eee aeeee ee eee 676 
Oracideye ps eseteses ts eos eareenencceee 165;724. (|. ‘CryptoOrmiss.- == secs sic<siecnae aaaeee ees 676 
(Qeahiv-20) (asnoadcosaeaestencarvarecaslneoete 888'c), Cry ptotomus-=-¢ eases ce ene eee nee 656 
abyssorum, new species....-.-..-- 890 4/h Cry piUrusisOUlits .aceen ese eee eee 163 
acclivis, new species........-..- 890 | Crystallias, mew fenus.—-- 2. och ensceeees 347, 349 
aASkeNSiS.= ae ace. teats soc ce 888 matsushime, new species .... 349, 350 
alaskensis elongata, new sub- @xrystalllichithiys ee seer e eee eee 349 
SPECIES a eiac eee eee eeeiceeere 883") (CLeEMis 5. seas eee ee ee Sonne eee 223. 
alban fe cneskosse cece nce ew eneis 888) |) (Ctenorobis:. 2----4-e2=- 35, 54, 58, 67, 74, 76, 113, 180 
COMMMUNIS 2a see eee eeease ase eeeaee) OOUReoO abei, new species.........- 54, 55, 180 
dallinewsspecies=s=-2- 5-5 oseee 889 campbelli, new species .... 54, 62,1380 
LTANCISCOLUM emacs eee ieee 889 TASCIATUSE =) 2 Shee ea eee 54 
franciscorum angustimana, new PyMNAUChe we a= eee eee 54, 58, 130 
SUDSPeCIES 42-2 Sesoaes eceen seine 889 hadropterus, new species... 54, 60,1380 — 
holmesi, new species ....-...-.--- 888 HAMM sae cee eee eee 54, 63, 64, 65, 180 
TENT ON ie aera Ac WP SaeeSa Reso ie 890, 891 Slmiliss/ 2.2 Aeeee eee 54, 56, 77, 180 
MIS MCA Gare ae Ree oe ene 888 virgatulus, new species. 54, 63, 66, 180 
resima, Mew species ...........- 889) || Ctenoidesiallbicomar==s-5.5 =e eemae ees 507 
spinirostris, new species .....--- 891 | Ctenolabrus flagellifer ..:.....----.-----<- 623 
spinosissima, new species.....-- 891. |) Cieulidiee:s yocceece wees cece eee eaeeeenee 169, 724 
variabilis, new species. .......-.- 890,891 | Cucullaria sagrinata ..........-----...--- 508, 563 
GnamPoniGss Se 2. sais naka so Sh aaichare SG aaee 888) | (Cuculus plandamnivisha.sse= sees eeeeeeee eee 674 
Cram aet eerie Sasa s'sc oes s aaceee wareeeee 562 smaraedinus)j22.-5. 2. e eee 695 
pantagonica, new species........- 562 “| Gueumiber-fish= see) coc seen cee eee 587 
SUESSU ees a ee iac a se aN ree 562 || /Culligs tuscus'S)-e4-aeeeeee eee ce ace eee 44 
Craspedophora duivenbodei ............. 704 Migero2-5.5 5. 0ecses eee ee 45 
mantoul..5sss2oac-5s6 687 °| (Cumana 2.245. eee eee 676 
Crassilabuliseaceremecee lee sacsess =e 653: || (CuphoptenusS*eas-scssesse sees =e nese 688 
RUN GU AUUS) |< si jsnieiee <tmnniaia 1s 658 "| (Curotreroniaseseceeee eee eee eee cee 76 
Cravatal DlanGa sateen see ase = 62 acislow «= sae 326 | '\Cursorlidses. 52. ose eee eee eee 724 
TNC ME) Boe micacsons FOS sS5 ese eOn ane 333)| Cyamlerpesic 2- sete eet acetate one sae ere 676 
Crawilin getish= tes ecencasaccic aesns ose aise 372 Gyanealeximia - 9522422 atenee 176 
Craxidanbentomilce.sasepneseecisscm ns ae = 165° ||| Cyanichthtys sasceesss-eee-s-e eee eee 258 
CTayTAClOMeseaaccmsiesaeeoseee ce dawewnscee 231, 249 coeruleus = 22-2 scenes 258 
AT PUUGUS eee aces meeescicis 2515252): Gyanolésbiaeeeeees see ease eee eee 676 


_ 


—S sf): ee ae ere Pe 


he Me TAO, 


og 


INDEX. 937 
Page. Page 
Cyanolesbia coelestis...............0....- Safin WAIN METIS <= Sk co.cc ooo cee eee 677 
(Cayo be Ree ie Aes yo eee 336 Henly isto Seep ee 677 
(30) a | RepceBGcCEBeer er peace sees S000 |p DamMOophilajulies..2-. J.-20-e a eee eee 318 
ERE MOCOR a. = a6 se eee ea 336 felicianas.. 42 ace ee 318 
PEN U CHUGRA sectors snas 2 SeOr | MDaANainw ss. cseaceee cos sees eee 383 
emimfe sss te os5-8a0 Sob Dap NeenOSsitta saa cee ces eeaeeecee 677 
Mela Sule ate oats a6 ee loien 336 MUTANS, 5.2 sees ease 677 
7 margarethe.......... 336 | Daphnella eugrammata, new species .... 503,563 
MOCOREH <6 soso nese S56u |e Darwinoenise= so .ioc2 os Sos emee eaten aie 677 
smaragdina .......... 336 COPRI SS cae se eee 677 
MENT KOUNI co. cose atone ea etac 6957) | sDaseyllusxanthurus) = .ssee<0- scenes 601 
MU VAUNO PN Uheee Saeko accsnesicd sa awes sbagocans 76 | Dasycephala syndactyla..............-..- 670 
(ORV CULCLIU US Ra 25S 1a @ DESY POCA. 5. cess te sao. Sees aee eee 161 
ONpleularists2o5-s.ss2<ee se == 258 | Decapod Crustaceans from the West Coast 
(OANCLE LTS Se SA a ee er eee 348 of North America, Descriptions of New, 
HIDES eee Sees cease eee oe 348 Dye Mary Je Rath pun 2 cece. 4 ee ee 885 
SV GIOMUCTICBNYS | nc 2% Secs sone eceme nes 344345) PD CCONVGHUTA. Ss: 25 S28 sa 5- Pass ceases toes 677 
RIMDer ee se eaek Soest 345, 346 DY PICA eee eee es se tn aneee 677 
VentricOsus ..........-.- Sip io468 | MDEGLLATINVNCHUS = cheeses oss oe eas eames 677 
CORRELL EEG ES ee eee eee ee 3435347 Dendrocolaptidse--—.- «4: 24-+-.-22-<-=- 3 174, 724 
REV GLOPGCTIMED ses ciciaas anes -<c secs eneces. 344g | pDendrophaps 4-2. o>. ais 3) osteo ones 677 
yclopteroides: -.....2..2-.s2es0ss6-c0268- 44a SDendrophasse. a.soces sen ajsane Noe oss oes 677 
ONS CLC EUS ee SOS eee eas et ot4. 340M | eDendropiilas. so% 25s ines Ses Sate see aes 677 
NUP AIS oa eee soe, TM seen 248 | Dendroplex picirostris, ..-..---------.e<-=0 174 
VEMUMCOSUS ccatenc cmon since steers 3467 | MN eNGTOtMeON'. a. a=. seinstec Seinen sienna 677 
WYGLOSR LOOLGUI SS... Se ccac omekincceciecss < 221} Depressaria.......---- 731, 732, 733, 737, 740, 742, 749 
Cyclosemia trigonilla, new species .....-- 430 aibysn theless seen eee 749 
WEMIOMMR Geeta. -cecina te nc oa ssnsocessee 287 aimivmisellaies soscoes Secs 738, 735, 741 
MOENTUL ess ak joie ceieiiomic care micinasioe 502, 563 applamas sfs=-ja-s-e5ee sce 732, 730, 739 
Cymeenes dubitans, new species. ........- 457 Chiso(s they Be eee eons 732, 735, 743, 744. 
intermedia, new species -...-..-. 458 arpillaeeaetes as sees 732, 735, 738, 739 
nux, Dew species ..<...:.==---- 457 ammicellas <tc 3. -ecotecnce 732, 735, 738 
occulta, new species .....-...--. 458 atrodorsella........-. 731, 732, 734, 736 
VINEtODOlUS) 2 2-c5=+-o2 32 2<s<2- c= 2 secs 676 barbereila, new species... 735,747,748 
COMINGS sae ac cteasccs essence sssee sess 676 betulella, new species .....-.- 735, 746 
MOT INITI GUIS Pap ae © catsiaisi= © cin w=! ssieieis Sicidin cle s's 676 canadensis, new species ..... 735,744 
Cynuamtihus coelestis: .. 2... <2 225.-se-c2---- 337 Giliella) <3. eos seers = 732, 735, 739 
ROMTIO UCL eee mrtotes ace cis’ siccc wn eimcics © 787 cinereocostella.......---- 731, 735, 749 
prachyouis.--<..+--i- 787, 792, 793, 794. ciniflonella ........-- 738, 734, 740, 741 
DISCHYV OMS 260 fs -seeaee a nace 787 Clausellan 5-402 eee eoee 731 
brachysoma .......... 787, 792, 793, 794 confertell aya: oss ges eas 731 
PAUP AMTCUMIN la cic ce ceiele's' one's oie 795 Cunvaliniellae ase-o--ee ce 733, 734, 742 
marginatus -........-. 787, 788, 798, 794 dietammniella 2222 -\--ss5 225 5<6 748 
var.andamanensis 787, 794 emeritells, 2.22-..2---5-2- 732, 735, 746 
MONTANOT Ss. a. se soe eke ose 788 eupatoriella, .=-----5---< 732, 733, 737 
scberzerl! 5... 2c 788, 792, 793, 794, 795 fernaldella..........- 732, 733, 739, 740 
SPiN sae Seas sess ce 788 fullWals Peon oo dae sc ecice 7382, 735, 741 
Cynorta obscura, new species ....-.-....-- 226 fulyipenmella sc: .. 22. -en cmos 737 
(Oxo) 010) 8 ove i ee ee aa 676 Deorerellae es casat sess oe 731 
Cypselus melanoleucus............-.-....- 665 PTACTHSL Joncisases = ccccoen 733, 734, 737 
SQUAMATUS Soe oe eee sass 674 erotellane scorn saan a0: 731, 732, 735, 748 
Wytherce COnTadina).2s.2s2522..---c-s--= 509 Haworth, a Review of the 
SAUMPSON ois os see cose coeenise 5 510 American Moths of the Ge- 
TEROSIAD A OSs ances cee ces ae 509 nus, with Descriptions of 
TOS =n Sess pag Ontet On aoSenEosOLEDe oT abe 607 New Species, by August 
Hreolaitliniese=csee once eccc ater rceerece 607 IBUSC KE an saree see sos ciecelei ge 731 
Dacnis xanthophthalma ..........-.....-. 710 heracliana -.-...<...- 731, 735, 748, 749 
WA CHVAODLYRLis. = we aacate see aite ses 2 ciclcisies e's 676 NAVE ayers esas cecie'on,- 732, 733, 745 
Dacus brevis, new species -.......--.....- 28 klamathiana............. 732, 734, 740 
immaculatus, new species......-.-. 29 Lecontella ac osses eas cca 73), 735, 745 
lounsburyii, new species ........-. 27 divthrellac: oscserscsccesae 738, 735, 744 
sigmoides, new species ......------ 29 muricolorella, new species .. 735,741 
Dadahonmimitrons!s 4a os. se skeeee se cee se 169 MEDULOSE-.).- sence stasiemalas 732, 734, 741 
Daihen eases een ee an oe wiaiseisaicad os ssievsiche 677 MEGVOSA). oso ss assoc 732, 735, 747 
Dall, William Healey, on Illustrations and NOVA-MUN Gs sass ee eee 732, 735, 740 
Descriptions of New, Untigured, or Im- mibiferellaisssc sss eere 732, 735, 745 
perfectly Known Shells, Chiefly Ameri- ontariellas ss. eees--s 731, 748 
can, in the U.S. National Museum..... 499 pallidochrella ............... 732 


938 INDEX. 
Page. Page 
Depressaria parilella — 22... -t e-em eee c ee 732,740 | Didelphys brevicaudata.................- 138 
parilella var. novi-mundi.... 740 philan@er.2 conse ce ee eee 138 
persicceella tn. ascene eee ae 738. Diplossaaiterrim ae sscee etree oe eae 320 
posticella sete -s eeeeaeee 782, .(30;744. | DilobomyCter. cee eseuene eae ee ee eee 249 
psoraliella .......3.....-. 732, 734, 740 TebICUIANIS’ 162.68 one eee 249 
pulvipennella <-- 731,732, 788,785, 787. |) Dilobomyctéres-- 5-2 -2cses2s see. eee eee _ 249 
Tileyella: aoe 9s ee ee Se 732 (Dilobomyeter) .......... 249 
robiniella........ Tal 782,100, (O0}720) | SD TO bUSSe eee ase pepe sae ee Bees 678 
sabulellates-aen- eee 182,100,043") "DilOp HS: see ca. saa ceee eee eee 705 
sanguinella, new species .... 735,738 | Dinemellia.................-.-..--------- 692 
scabellave sae nee WS2 (a0. 149> || SD INOTE Mp MSs ees sae cee ee 678 
scabrellat ste. eee eee ee 749") SDIMOTNIS 24 Soaeecte Ce ame cert ee econ eae 720 
seniciella j22-)2.-..-2<.)--- 735, 742, 743 didiformis’.2ecks. 02 ae ee 695 
senicionella, new species ..-. 742 elephantopus 2 ole eee 702 
SOldaAgIMIS she see eee 738, 737 Piganteus..... sees eee eee 696 
subpropinquella .......-..... 743 PTACHIS nade, cccnn eee eee 720 
thoracefasciella.........- 732, 735, 740 IN PENS a2 2oan eee ene eee 697 
thoracenigreella ........ No2W1e4,¢(O0° | DAINOTDNGHIG eaece eee cece eee alee 724 
togata Pesta ssa-' os eee (33nd; T46. | “DLOCON aaomeaee centre ee nae ee eee ee aOR EL 
umbraticostella.......... 732, 734, 736 ating 2s... hes es eee 256, 258 
versicolorella) 2.222. sees 732 Caminatus” sso. coo.eLe saan eee 261 
walsinghamella ......... 733, 734, 739 holacanithiisieesss=22eeeee eee eee 257, 264 
Vea tlaniar soe-neee eee 732, 738, 743 hystrix: =. Se eeias sek ences ee Oe Teas 
DEPressariers ens oe ee oe ee 731 LEGULOSUS Wek Sassen Ae eee 257 
Dermanura quadrivittatum .............- 150 MACULALUS Sess eee eee eee 257 
Dermatostethus punctipinnis ............ 6 MEClAWOPSIS: A sesoc eee ee 257 
Descriptions and Illustrations of New, multimaeul sits sess 257 
Unfigured, or Imperfectly NOVEMMACU AUS) ese eee 257 
Known Shells, Chiefly quadnmaculatusse--eeesseeree 257 
American, in the U. S. Na- sexmaculatushe: - 2) es5- = eee 257 
tional Museum, by Wil- SPLDOSISSi MIG Eee see eee 257 
liam Healey Dall ......... 499 tachetes 2c: Pos ee 257 
of New American Butter- Tigrinus':. yee eee 258 
flies, by William Schaus .-. 3837] SDiodontidetceso ee) eee 229, 230,.232, 256, 259, 264. 
of New Decapod Crustaceans Diphilogsenaihesperusyssesseessesee sees 326 
from the west coast of Diphogena hesperus=-. «-.----2--c--sse mee 326 
North America, by Mary J. Idle) ABB seenceepasenes sc idececce 326 
Rath bunsseescscassseeceee 885 "ll Diplanchiass 32:5 esoss ee oe eee 260 
of Three New Birds from the MO]@,..c50 ese stoads ee eee 260 
Southern United States, by 1 RW ee asbc coseecosressac22= 260, 261 
Edgar A. Mearns.........-. 9157|| Diplocereusis2 sass <ceascee eee eee eee 679 
DESMOdHs TOLUNG SEE se eeee ee eee reeee 147) Dipluraicssqsssdssensd sets 22ers 679 
MUMS sa aeyattoc eee cae eee eee 147 ||) Dipsaleon: 54sec spss eee eae eee 679 
Disliptilas sass cccsorecuck eee eases ee eee 678 | Diptera from Southern Africa, New, by 
DiMIStS Soc aoa dscc oO eoaoe eee oer eee eee 678 DS We Coquilletizssae26. 222 see eee 27 
Miamond puller sasseate see eee eee 258 | Direcenna hugia, new species. ..........-- 383 
Dis PHOrAaptenyxse eos en see ae ee eee 678 | Discobolous Fishes of Japan, A Review of 
Diaphorillas assis vege coe teense ae sce 678 the, by David Starr Jordan and John 
DIA PMOLOPUCKUSh ss ames ae eens aris a eee 678 Otterbein Snyders a aesseece sees eeeeeee 343 
Digstodon sae sens oe tessa ee ce et eee 616. |, Dissemunulussis-25-.--22sess-e ee eee ee 679 
BEPOLD Ase cee moter ene cba 616 ||, Dissemurnuss. 3-2. sso-eee oso eee eee 679 
BPECLOSUSSa-6 Cte acer ee Saree 6165) “Ditrem ays sacoee sees aeeee ae eee 394, 355, 356, 357 
UnImMaculatust. ss-s cscs. see see 619 leVClss ase kash< These oe eee 357 
IDIGLTOPOMMIS ac ucyaiscisicoen oe see ae eee 678, 718 SMULtiC assess renee eee ee 357 
DIDGTOPUTAGS eee eon ea ee eas 678 temimMiIn GG Kileess see sees 356, 357, 359 
BiCreid a mare een acnaseacee. eee eee ee 724) Digbub' 25222252 52 snsensss-5 «<2 ose see eee 607 
Dichotomycterssacee csc ec ccs eens 249 yarbua. 2.22.5 408-2 See 607 
Huydatiliseas sass. -ereces 249 | Docimastes ensiferus schliephackei . ..--- 327 
Dichotomy cteres\sascscse soca - =. se Saco 249 schliephackeics sassoseeeeee 327 
(Dichotomycter) ....... 949\!'| ‘Doeselmontec- essen ee eee eee eee ‘B72 
Dichrospmathysjosssactaako tec see ec hee 678 | Dogoro’:tssseksteeees tee ae eee 599, 600 
Dicotyles taj Actas saeco sees ce: feels arse 139° | Doleromyatfallaxasseecnese sea een eee 172 
CAI ASSUys atemsctncieisejeises sees aia 139 | Dolomedes marginellus ........ ....----- 224 
Diecrunid wohl 5s sees saeco ee cece lessee 724 | Dolychoeixt st assesssoa: aaa, se ese nee eee 679 
Dicrurusiophorinussessseesseee eee eee 679 s|* DonaCias se S22 eee eee eee 679 
DiCtea ees i eee sane ee tee filem. visers 678") -Donacophilus seuss nee eee eee eee eee 679 
Didelphis karkinophaga ............-..... 137 ||. Dorado secre ee ees ae ee ae ee ee 330 


= 


a 


INDEX. 939 
Page. Page 
WOrETA ONAN: << 5. 5. c. <slcsew es sees SLO" |) WISI <5 s. cassie lite sGacO eetaeeteee ees 699 
PIGMBUONUR sere acts becsse ccs soos see == 6794) “Blornis' .)2. cnc h2 us 2c cetewee noceeee cee as 681 
MGM GaLOL eesccctnccemst ce cube cste ce eee 43 antiquus!<. Js<...-scccn sceeeeemere 681 
Horyiera JOHANN... 0... ssecce-- wee sees S104) MAYPIN AD <f. - cc = cos oat ecew cece eee eee 681 
IUGOVICIS Swcvwwesoseeeset- sees - 310 Habellum! 22.32 cee cceeee cee 555 
TeCtiTOStrsS'.---~ ---~-~ 310 | Emberiza schceniculus ..................- 714 
MECHIVOSLNIS: cee aatebctheccc atous S10" | MIM DeLiZOId ES cnscwwwceeecccueweecceceaetee 678 
Drachinup trichodon . «225 .-5....-2.-05<- 483 | Embernagra rufivirgata ...............-.. 668 
MIRUES FMLA REL Soe ra ie Wels Kinin === onic = Sialeia e's 679: | HEM pl0toCkewcn.c5 ce Ue cea c ceea eee eeee 354, 357 
RRS PHRUE Pema eae aia lereiclclata ne Wiaiwiolwig wove 1724 SMU So oe awa weee nae 357 
UD AMITIRS oso 55 Seco SousdesaSs SRB onEosadss 46 6785) sim Diotocid 2 <e ckg eek eee ee eee 353, 857 
PUMICE RD cee ccs << scm cas pm cie as 679, 680 a Review of the Japanese 
IPE BAMOPLCCLed re. oc << o's 2 = ewes cu sce 639 Species of Surf-fishes or, 
IRCKSONLG .. ouiricecouee sa 679 by David Starr Jordan, as- 
Drepanorhamphus ...... LER CeO ce ates 679, 680 sisted by Michitaro Sindo. 353 
Wrepanorhynchus --------2-2-.<-.s.5. 679568057155 | MM biGtOCINg pea cein es etconte secre s ee 34 
schistaceus ........ siete G79! || Mnaliornis; ceca aceweme see state eee eke 681 
DrepAnOrMIsyPLUbjpNTs<---. cSt ke ewe 679s) Minaliomithide tcc. ee sce seeeee eee eee tes 724 
PREM MEIN U TORY sn ms mm caste ~ on 05< ne sain es DIG sb65) || Gnd omychural-ooccese cane oe eats ese sce 681, 696 
PGLV CTH seac mas eec sms ss soos a -cice 513 | Enicostoma packardella.................- 742 
DRT Gb ee eee eae #24. | Hnsifera Cnsilerd s. oo cccsscese cw ose eee 327 
Drymobius boddaertii.........--.-...2---- 186 schliephackei 42-2226 327 
MEV OC MI PUCK cme cccsee ccc ca co eens cen cise ee 680;"| (Entomyzon::..\aos5s2cecs = sce tososee se asee 681 
LASERS D Gdida spate Soc aaa eae 680i] inyverotheres) 55 accs ce eeeece ee teeters 681 
HBEVONIMN pce ac ecieacr ou een non cucce velnciccacicl 680) -l JEON COLIN ace chedceen se a cea ceases 681 
DPAMPCRNUS peu. cnc ececmeee eco s- 680 australis essco. wise cscecaaseesoe 681 
TUTHEOTIE) SSeS BERRA OOO Sena Sacer et (520) sHpelra: balausunan-s-sasce~ sees acres 221 
GUEOU= Sees sea anee ncn. stein 752, 792, 794 clavispineiiasseasssneee 222 
LO) UTE aE OSS SRS a6 S58 eS ne ees 680 conchlesiis2as-- eo cee 222 
PM UMETI Meme. koc cask ecen sac scoce hace 613, 623, 661 FASCIAbE saat kee ee eee 221 
SMDOINENNISs <> - =. 23's e'o='0 624 fuseo-vittata 222. -=2-2- 221 
PUMP RNID. o ete onltiowoetnteee. 623, 624 granadensis...:....--- 222 
Haselliferay oss ssce~. ses 2 623, 625, 661 labyrintheam .csssss--2 221 
JAPONICA es. ccs eis~ ccc ce scce ce 624 WMANCATE VAs ose ees 221 
IGHOWRED MERE eck cccat wisi c costo ce sc cscie 680 OW@KENSIS'.-Caee ase sees 221 
ROMIOANSIS cams cecews sveseeess 680 PATVUlS:.wc.see eee eee 222 
PV AAIMOPLELUN Gann cioc cm eee csc ecce wee 680 prompia esse sete See 222 
VELOX ec co ctwcewenercecctiek 680 purpurascens .......- 221 
MEMELES EEE acter cers e cas wc eves sos dshces 680 rectangula = 532232525. 221 
TELS SS ee er 522 GHeISl} ce oes eee cee 221 
Piterinvn OOS men seach cs acicllsm a 183 (whieh at Oye eee eee 222 
Eeuador and Colombia, Catalogue of a BpPelrid 5; << <s's.-055-cesodeasmsaacseciesecae 220 
Collection of Hummingbirds from, by HW PenTlants se Sea saan aceiettoaere eee 586 
atte O + OPELNOINCES. = cca. ccisescne ==. 309 eperlanusss: 255546022 oa5.- cee 586 
BISDt-CVed puller .. .-.co.s cs cccew ase ee 257 | Epinephelus areolatus..........-.--.-..--- 607 
MOI Raetace ce ence Se se sc niciccieSiaeaeeecess 680: || Epipedorhynchus). 55-25-5500 sisee= 249 
IDINYE AIT aa SoS SSS ces seSeBeoenaeaaesce 680,716 | Epipedorhynques .................-.------ 149 
ITICHEDIACONS: sas acec-s-es- 6 secs cee ces 697 (epipedorhynechus).... 249 
SED PEEN ON OM ore oretafetc tere orara\aisiniaie.a[nicieie™ o's the cleans 681 | Episcada carcinia, new species. ....--.-.- 384 
MP INTOCHOMUIS —ocanwecnc- seme ee cnts sce. 680 pascua, new species ..........-- 384 
DHASIAMUS! sa5..cs- 5 — ee C800 Eran, UCIT Gelso nam ccwiec clon miele aes 317 
[DLDSSS Qa Ss SSS Se ee See ener ar Sole MRTCMMOMNIS ses sae eco eosseeemaere ere 681 
MIRAI ONC ULB CE sie: Kc coe eriosm-sewiseas cee 681 CaTlerice..asosaseeer eee aaa 681 
IDUD TE NOTRE Se OS See Se See Se es aaa 6315 | ehremophila: osaas-\-c--183-cnetes = orai= = steels 805 
PNPCiTON: aes cccosbaccces nc wvosetmctatecsce 681 alpestris b leucolema .....--.- 820, 855 
(ONCE 0) fi Wa oy Sasa eee eh era ee SD) | MELOMOPOMUss mee asec ene acess ao oso 805 
Mleouioges murslis. ...22..2-=-.6.22e-<2% AQT) MBE TCMOPCELLE sa cieetle naselelatcisteslols ciatslniaa'c' rales 682 
IGOUMIS sac asraes caSuntesse soos sees 35, 42, 44,130 | Eresia crina, new species............----- 392 
CANTNETIUS 2226... sec tacieos se ste AGnSETCUNELES PUSIMIUS seme feces sees. one =- == 164 
RVIRC Meine orc otc isn wistewlorwea aie CARATS Dole Johull ete} 2 Sea aes Sa ee ee aAade se 682 
LONPIPINNIS Woe sceeen cesses eee APO METIOCREMIS soe com asta cae ses Seve ect emesis 721 
ARATLTMARINUS cisterns ieasiae een ore 45 a. Engyete aline..........-...- 331 
PUTS Bec mtewamelncis acsice Shas eee 42 WMICIAMY 2 coe eseaiere aces oa 329 
NETH pee cette ian otalelcidarslesiceiceie ones 45 ATTOSHUICT A. ee ae aoe aaa 330 
IO PRC Taye cae siarcceta cnet oe ae 43 smaragdinipectus........-..-- 330 
OSVCEMHA Mee ot ioee wea ce eee 45, 46, 130 y- Threptria derbyi...-.....-.- 331 
DIBOMIB seers ee ae Goce oe 44 UP ENSe- yo. es 330 


940 ; INDEX. 
Page. Page. 

Eriocnemis vestita smaragdinipetus ..... 330 | Euptychia ocelloides, new species .....-- 387 
Eriocnemys nigrivestis.......-..--..----- 331 pallema, new species .......-- 389 
TO PUSUNE CNS ee sereeeeenee === eee eee 330 WhaKo bh Ranges Masao oe acces 387 
Wyris WUstrisiec emanate eee neat 225 ||" BhiwhiTospize 5 .---e cose os ees eee 683 
YY CHthys'2ce-e cesses ence e eee cee 658 henriei-s 32. cacsee eer a 683 
CIOICENSIS cc eee eee soem ae 658:""|) Burillas 5.5 ec ae eee eee 683 
Bryeinine < 2.235 tessa ese eee ee 397 |) Huropean brook/trowt <------eece os te eee 577 
Hy GN; wi /ieyoe sere seen wisie see mises sei 707 |. Euroto coler, new species ............---- 443 
Hn MAODUCCO Lee eee aie doe eke ose eels see 682 etelka, new species .:..,...-.------ 443 
NniianOCnussesteee ee a= toes C sseeietamis 682 purgis, new species .........------ 443 
Ppp aMohmMnNAS once. oe ae ea seeeee 682 Titans, new species.....--.-s--- <1 443 
Hyphrsphoyx 22sec. cee eee a ceemr see 682)')| HuryCeros:... 22. 5.0. 62 =< sean is eee eeeee 665 
HirryuenROS DIZ cles ccs Saeie salons ecm 716 | Eurygona cucuta, new species ......-.-.- 397 
rythrotriorchis==s252-- ---2s sees = cine 682 GCNOTAS Hs sec. oe so eee alas soe 398 
Hemera] dase sesso se csele sate oeiseeraicine = 331 CUPOLA. oo Pee sino eleeteeteeetee 398 
Estrella de chimborazo.........-.-.--.--- 322 micaela, new species ......-.-- 397 
Estrilda melanogaster.....-......-......- 694 ransonea, new species .......-- 398 
Mstuaryapuilens-s-cseeaestosceceese see 243, 244 tarinta, new species .......-..- 398 
tOIMMUS) =... est esesieoo tenes es ceeme seen 682::)\ Huryonotus=25:5-.s-<ss aesss4-0 ee eee eee 683 
BUDrOnteSs eres sean ee ee eee eee Cee 663 prachypterus ss... s-.sseeeeeee 683 
MDUCCOss. eke ae eee saosin eee eee G64 || Muryptersisse cso emere == cle eeeee seers 683 
TOMO NACE se Sod sinn code eo oobogesseoseancgs 317 | Hary zone (Canning eee. oe teers 672 
Euchoristopus koelreuteri .........-..----- 49 | Huschistodus e224. 6..4-- seecoae sea 607 
HUcora, Mew iSeNUs)s se. -]]- ee eee eaate 400 decliviinons! 22-6. ss6s0-e eee 607 
sanarita, new species.-.-.-.-...--- A400) || Bustala conchlea sts. 222 -2.cs. ee =e ease ee 222 
MNUICOTAK de esnesee tn. ores een cee eee 682 Prom play 52sec en ese eee ee 222 
IHUCOLYStES shes secee ena eee eee 721 | Euteeniichthys, new genus -.---.--.-.-. 37, 122, 182 
Huctenorobius|badius=2.22------------—-- 54 gilli, mew species ....--.- 122, 132 
Eudamidas melander ......--....-.-.-..- 431. | Butelomis’.<i2520sk252-cn-soose eeeonesaees 683 
obseurior, new species .....-- 431 pataponieus; = J. 250s ss~Seeeee 683 
MNO aMuUsicalllingeeeer neers a enier alte lee 425 ||) Huthria comulstes sen. 2-4 eae eee 526 
callicina, new species. ...-...-- 425 | Eutoxeres aquila heterura -...........--- 314, 315 
janita, new species ..-..-...-.- 426 heteruriss eee 314 
pithys, Mewispecies'=--_--—.-~ ~- 426 paroni,-- <<. 6s Ss eee eee ee 309, 314, 315 
NG TONN as AUStralis!=sseceee =e ace eeeaee 705 condsaminiv- ce. 2] sees 314 
Wet BeIa) OMNIS cee ees nein eens 175 cCOndaminiits7s. 5-222 eeeee eee 314 
Bigenia: imperatrix. afoot ss ces eee 325 Neterura: o.- ces s-s5-- eee 314 
ATEN Hehe) STA CHAS. scons. ela eetats oi sie eer 220) Butychide asemay.- 5-55 =ssseeseeeee eee 441 
pallid aime a etecee. cece teers 220 astiga, new species..-..-.----.- 441 
Renal deat pees ee en a encise ene eran 682 barnesi, new species.......-.- 442 
MUMINTEraAK Seo cee esos eer Sel seee menace 682 petrovna, new species ..-...-- 441 
MUhVas ce-s2s2 5 rote aascesne eiascceeee eocite 683721 || Wxcalfactoria. 32522. -. esse eae eee 675 
MUlaAcestomBere-cecese creme ee cree eee see 683 )| abricivs(..s22¢ atest reece eee 520 
MigTOPECUUSce nse ee eee eee 683 )| Pallecinellus).. 222232 seenss-e eb eee 683 
WMulipoasce vs. ce enlace oe eee eee 688 || Walco talboeullariss co. .o.--.- o =seeeeemeriee 158, 169 
IUIMAtThesissseSs a ceee ss ose eee eee 683 Dellicosus':.* =: 2s. sate eee 707 
HuMicrotremus. 22 -- .:<=-.2-25-2seme= cee 344 puted: 222 sis ac aces Pea 692 
MUM CleTias! sce<2ao% dots cee aces sees n= 254, 264 ferrugineus 22. -S4-2 2 o2 eee 671 
Ditseniatus)s. cece eee ses 254, 255, 256 PeCLePTINNUS S:....6.<--o-ete cee seas 682 
TLVUI AUS shee eee eee es 255, 264 radiawis: acs css. ces ee se ose coe 682 
MTD ALORUUM asses cece saeeee sees eee eee es 737 MMCINGTUS: 2. 2 eas aee eee noes 169 
IEMIP GH Sees ene aa eee ee eemee= aeeoeee 643 | Walconidse soasc8 ice cossees- oe ee eee ee 168, 724 
PAUSMOTMIS «scenes meee ee eee se 643: | Hallam sose2i2ee2e 5. see ee eee eee eee 172 
MiUpherusaiCuprelcepss . .Se 1. see s- eee 691..(| Waren Sse a aac eee eee Ce eee 607 
Euphyes menopis, new species. -....--.-.-- 446 Samimaral: 2222. sc2 ce eee eee eee 607 
BUD IECGUCS mane memisesn cpio ss eae ee eeeeee G89 | Wario:oi2.c ose. csc - ee eee eee eee 577 
REI rehearsal erence es eae 533 argenteus: - 2s 2Sec.cee eee ee 577 
BY POMACENTMUS) =. -1[secie ss isa ce toe 600 ATS YVCUS. 22.4 Sone eee eae eee ee 570 
iviGusee cs... eit eeeeeee 600 triltta se eohes Sosa oe eae 577 
UIPLCROUMS seem eea esis cance wiseae's 683 | WedGaic. 22 sleet cme wee nese cos eee eee 683 
MEMENSISioosask socec's neces 683 AMENICANA: onoccee cece coer eee eee 683 
Euptychia borasta, new species ........-- 889 | Belis.c2sceceh a oe ee eee 162,773 
burgia, new species ....-.....- 388 CaCOMUEL : >see eee eee 207, 209 
castrensis, new species.......- 387 cacomitli ....- Ee wobe cise eta 207, 209 
moneca, new species...--....- 388 calomitti:.2oo-6- cee ee =e eee eee 207 
morima, new species. .......-- 389 CHaUS Ss. 222s coer oe nes ete 773, 792, 793, 794 
narapa, Mew species..........-. 388 yaguarondi toltech).---..0---sees=—= 208, 209 


INDEX. 941 
Page. Page 
Welis yaswaeandl ...... 2... cc. lee 207; 208, 200m |e HOLEIST GLOWS oo on coecetcedaaaeeee en eeee 577 
TATUNG COLORS] & pA 6347 |S Mormicariidter=s.sssc82 02 cn esae seas nee 174, 724 
MANO O RA ss 2 Geo Nace «esa 6845 |S Mormicicapals.:ss2 3-5. 25222 5sSeeanetee eras 684 
TON CUGh COS | 07021 Re a 218 | Formicivora intermedia. ................. 174 
cubsecola...... See eS ae oe 218 | Fossil Fresh-water Shells of the Colorado 
ISIC CGE eee ee ee eee 218 Desert, their Distribution, Envi- 
ieee tate cian se ocinccicis'e scale sca ccceciee 338 ronment, and Variation, the, by 
Fishes and Related Forms Found in the Robert E. C. Stearns.....-/..-.-.- 271 
Waters of Japan, a Review of the shells, bibliography of............- 297 
Labroid, by David Starr Jordan and Fossularca adamsi var. conradiana ._...- 508 
John Otterbein Snyder ................. 595 | Foudia eminentissima ..............-.... 699 
Fishes and Their Supposed Allies Found fis vicansss.5 55-222 .asce42ssas nee 699 
in the Waters of Japan, a Review of the HOR Perch! 5... Sasa s see aes Ce ee 619 
Trachinoid, by David Starr Jordan and Mreprant Oishi<s2c.mcssce nc fnaasacsecaseeee 584 
John Otterbein Snyder ................- 461 | MrancolMnus' so: ssc a epee cscs ose ccenee eee 697 
Fishes of Japan, a Review of the Ather- Kregataraquilarnsscacat osc sscisc Acces cseeee 164 
ine, by Dayid Starr Jordan and Edwin Wrepatidesrn.cc sac san cteeeetseanecsce sence 164 
CLINT SID (SCRE ES So ose SU Sh OSE aeSSee SAE 199 | Fresh-water Shells of the Colorado Desert, 
Fishes of Japan, a Review of the Disco- the Fossil, their Distribution, Environ- 
bolous, by David Starr Jordan and ment, and Variation, by Robert FE. C. 
John Otterbein Snyder .............:.. 3438 Stews eos see ss es cae Acesce cee cees eee 271 
Fishes of Japan, a review of the Gym- rin oul ayant aesee ness ce. ose ake E 673 
nodont, by David Starr Jordan and STVENSIS vactccocececatckosaaseeee 715 
Jobn Otterbein Snyder-- 22: 2...22.5.--- 229 CaPensiss)-2s-- secec<ses ete eee 671 
Fishes of Japan, a Review of the Hypos- Celene sates ck eae 713 
tomide and Lophobranchiate, by David ehlorurais= 0-500 eh eee 700 
Starr Jordan and John Otterbein Sny- GCrucigen=tecesss sess eee eae 682 
GID: SS eyGME SEAS Rs See e ne ee on mere me 1 TOTMTOSAAe see eee sence 717 
Fishes or Anglers of Japan, a Review of OTANMINA ce -6c ses nae steer eee 685 
the Pediculate, by David Starr Jordan, MANNE cee ac aceeeeeeece aes 697 
assisted by Michitaro Sindo.........--. 361 MMV OQIS eee tre eae ae een eee 685 
Fishes of Japan, a Review of the Salmon- OLOIEUCUSHE At nese se rs ene 682 
oid, by David Starr Jordan and John Mringillidaen a2 sk ses Sey. ea cece eee 2 175, 725 
Otterbein Snyder....-..- Bo eee 56 fu|) WLOP-HSHES# aoe =e nese ae eke co mnsiseeieele 367 
Fishes of Japan, with Descriptions of DUM er sae see ar ep oe oe cea ane aero 258 
Twenty-one New Species; a Review of BMCUS 222 S22is02scss-sese sesso sese ss seas 266 
the Gobioid, by David Starr Jordan and Hulica mew tonis-22--s-4seneee = see 703 
John Otterbein Snyder..............-.. 330) ULCOpUS)\ <ssceece nese ee eae tee eee 663 
Fishes, Surf, or Embiotocide, a Review IUYCHTIS (Sec ome ake soe Sate eee acs eeiee cee 599 
of the Japanese Species of, by David MUliHliMestUsShose.. ass ae ese 599 
Starr Jordan, assisted by Michitaro PUNCUAAS ae ecieeesaactekee eee sees 599 
STU 0 ae coe he Sager AeA See cee SOS) UL eG deen ee eas cee ses eye ee Seer 174, 725 
ISU AM A DATACORA 6.22 -. 22 cae etc e enn A, | HUTnarius TOSCUS! 2. -- cos 2e > eet ee ece es 177 
Flaccilla coatepeca, new species ........- ADS) | HUSuSs!=feaacce 520, 521, 524, 535, 536, 537, 542, 647, 548 
ergola, new species ............-. 459 SCRE Gu sce ee icttsceodosstcoecunde 537 
MURCOUMUA ee oe aece tees ce fe cee ee mn te eee 684 DONS Seas oe eee erase te clts ctetobsteite 537 
TUG CVS ae ese ee SSAC os ae ae 483, 484 Debinin piltsessacesaanseeci sana 528 
Giese eeeeeen ee se meio s cle siejn eis sicvewe neice 591 PEMMIGIENSISEes seseee aise seen seals 524 
Flightless Auk, Mancalla californiensis, GCONULUSE seer aee ee acces a cence 526 
from the Miocene of California, by CHISDUS epee eeeteneteenecasns sce seas 535 
PGC CNL CHA ILIGHS = 20:55 axlisec = oe ainicie ara 133 GelOnmisees see seeeeseeee cee ees 522, 523 
MlOricola al bicrissa 2. 2.2522 < cece se cpeeeci= 340 CCDINGtUSmecee ee eee ee eee eceere 539 
SUPCCD AEP eee tee cn se acon cette 340 PUNO ee eee eee nent cea emcee 538 
OMG Me meena tecetceme se = oe aoe ecm scme 685 INlANGICUS=5--4s--s56e—--5-5->-4---5 020,022 
grasshopper sparrow.-..---.------ 915 enon get seen cagocsnanasccupasaneoce 523 
PUNPIE MaArtiMesscsescnsceccwn ccs 918 TCH OSS eet teeleetasteerintere= = =\sIalarere 520, 522 
Hlorisuga mellivora -----<-..-.--5...-...- 315 Ine TS se ede sassebsecenasseesece 547, 548 
MVC MEVOLUR Ee eciee oss sae naan 315 MOMMUM Eee cance cas cece ecces5s sss 523 
MIME COl eras assim cae ce ts ssissesies -as/o= 279 IMPNGAMPULUSE ce onc sciccicecance= alle 505 
COMM bIAN A=. Ss sees ose sie 279, 285 FAITEELCOSLALUS cm rcie wsis'aicicies = ainiaie 543 
HUNCH EME OL: fenee sees ade tse ns 286 MOBVERICUSsaoceics cs ciecccecioase ance 521 
PHOUIAN 2. ccc ewtee et iae clan 286 O©Mpheust--------=-=- Romcencesoacecs 542 
TIGLCAA NA oo < cess oxic cen 5 285 TAY Sau ee US anos sees eese Bey mec 520 
var. columbiana 285 QUadnicOstatuss.-sscn= > eemes sete 522 
HOCLOWLEN Seen er enc ae ean ck c= sass cneas «sale 684 Ol Med ogabesenaoba: ddcoudacs odsatode 517, 564 
BUIDIONUIS a as aisiseiea = rae ater 684 scalaritormis.;....2.-2-2< seh a tenaes 540 
CO nt eee ects © cic w gnc atte sicic'e wle%eie neave 599 Spitzbergensis..-. <2... s-saesnesere 526 


942 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Miss trapezium —. cos eee a saeeaeee ee 521 | Gennadas borealis, new species.......-.-. 887 
turtonl- eon esac cere ee seers 529 PAL VS jcc seer ene c eee teee 887 
UNI Canina tse ssrcee ceeeaneseeeee 586" Gennecochen!=.-¢ ccsccaceerceetatoaaaecnae 685 
Variabilisi..:5.232.sssqsscessoasse 689',!|, (GeNNeUS = - owes ce coer esehee se ope eae 685 
VeNtTiCOSwS is. tes sece oe eases ae 520) Gennatla.s. 22... 2.-casscceaserer coos esse 685 
Gadids .3.925 so teepeeseceeawonce essence ne 461,462; Genyormis -s20. 2. cco. cace acon Saaeee eee 685 
Gadoid si. /cs5- se Rey osee tase pace nes 461 NEWtONls2. sss seeses oo eeeee 685 
Galbulajnuficandateeecessen see asses 170)| \Genyoroge)/eib ba ae aa scia-teice o62 5 oe ee 607 
tid ACty lasses eeeeee eee ee 689' || Geospiza). sz. ise. s nthe a maa Oona eee 685 
Galbulidée:. 2 a-ce essen cee sass sec 170,725 | Geotrygon venezuelensis...........-..-.- 167 
Galeolimmnas eer- cree enews eee aaa 684) Geranopsise: s2.< 525 eceasecscec sees 685 
Galeopsar: <.j5.2 55 sce\-2 2-5 seistee sieefesis oes 684 hastingsices:2-5-5-5 s2eeeseseee 685 
salvad orilses-s5-- asses oes 684 | Geranopterus . 2c -<cec ccc tase secieeente ee 685 
Galenidatc:-a-emactec ss eenccoe sees 711 alatusssscc sseeeck eas eeteee 685 
MOGEStA sacae ssmetese cece ececice 687. | Ghanan. ice sescccacsecemer cre ceeeeeeeernas 607 
Galeripitta) <. os scmecn scien seme ciate 684 phlanam'. 5 jester -eseeeeseeee 607 
Galenitaees -cemen odsccn cones senigaserive al Gibbulaicantieldi-sasceess< eee see eeeeees 558, 565 
Gall gulusseecetos eee cnet sides ns Sacsceeeets 684 |, Gintuku. 2 2is.cc-e se ccns occcee aceeemeeeee 234 
Galictisissssasen - aaee eee sacce a oeee one 162: | -GinmMasusce. 2. seceaee semsemeseceeeteeeene 574 
Gallina 2-52.25: Saecsqsee cece ssaasae 684 |) -Gisu’ Vick see sz ac ean cece mee Oe eee 467 
Gallinula wventralise:o 222 2--ce.= 3-222 e 696' | Glaucerodius aco s-ee2 seacec ese eeeee eee 685 
GallimuUloid esse sseres sere = eer 684, | Glaucislafiimis ase sa. eles ancien Seeeneeer 311 
wyomingensis ............- 684 Columbiana see eerie eae eee 311 
Gallirallus lafresnayanus ...........----- 719 fraseris 5 3222s. scied seechee sees eee 310 
Gallophasistes--s-—-seeneese. sere eee 693 insta ss 23 -cee hee ee epee eee 311 
Gals ace. 6. Sec cnce cases a5<scewennc ere 665 affiniss<Scts cae eee ae 311 
Gambetta. 3 s2cc2= 52-2 5052 sao asssasse es 665, 684 hirsuta esas saeco ee eee 311 
Gampsonyx swainsoni .....-...........-. 168 TITSUCOSS pose see cee ae eee eee ee 171 
GaMeSa..-..5 = scisscseeesilacaca- janlsak see seni 5o4,|) GlOSSOZODIUS a-ha eeeeeee =e aaa eeeeeee 36, 74, 131 
MLtIGUUSC War sees oer 554 PLUNNEUS 3 aee ase eee 74, 131 
panamensis, new species........- 554 (platzicephallus) =2-22=------ 74 
DIUILNOSS) are ecicfememeseela ase 554.1!) Glossopha@ ean -ec mete naays ee a ae eee 152, 158 
Gasteracantha canestrinii...........-..-. 222 JONPILOSERIS):=-5-.25- eee 151, 160 
Ntlavis ss it. oeessoseaee sce 222 SOTICING <a -is: <a eee 151 
@uadridenss)--sssse—s ee 222) Gly phidod Omeecceseaeseee rece. sae 607 
Sexserrata. 25 oto <cce acme 222 antjeriuss =. jacssaese cere 606 
Letracanuhaecs-- seer eee 222 DONaNE vn set ase heae eee 606 
Gasterotoceus biaculeatus...-..--.---.... iit NOLATUS cee see Se eee 611 
Gasterotokeus s2 2225 0sece oos= Sass seers 6, 11, 20 saxatilis var. ccelestinus ... 608, 609 
pig ewleatuseecre-esceeeee 11, 20 SMaragGInUS!=-ee---eese eee 610 
Gastomithidte ==. cs.s.-c0 sins seo eee eee 725 SOrdidus )2- 3. tsscceseseeeree 610 
Gastrophysus'é-nc-ccoc nace cee aeciee eceniae 232 trifasclatus! so -- cence ase sees 610 
alboplumbeus...........--- 243 WIOlMCCUS Sere =e eeeeeemeeee 606 
lunaris -.-..- Meese see 232)|) Glyphidodontops\cs-- eee se2s— ese eee eee 605 
microphthalmus.........-- 243 @ZULCUS /ts2ste eee 605 
DUDLIPes see cee see aes 238 CYANeUSi see eee 605 
StICTONOUUS =)ae ee eee re 230))| (Gly phisOd Ones se emse cerca ee eats 596, 605, 606, 661 
VeErmMLCulanists- asec 244 abdominaliseee-- seco eeeee 610 
<ANLMOPLOLUS oe caas see eee 239 ALCL) so.) ssecisiaccs asso eee 605 
Gastropoda). c.------ Beane es oS o 512 coelestinus).. 2222. ~sseiecee == 608, 609 
(CRUG RIS SSS See one SEBAGO E DEED RorS eC REee ace 607 CUTACHO Meccan seceee ace 608, 610, 661 
PALCTMINAS os sce esses See e aoe 607 CUTASSAO! 2 Ses Soc ecetoaadeeees 610 
Gaiden oscoassasce= == 3555gaes oeatls Sseeeeee 684 Pigas 62 ae ee eee 611 
Gelechis,osacscscemcccccsasscorseeaseeteaee 782, 733 MATLIMATUS soca eee eee 608, 610 
clemensellais- sc. ce sae semeeeers 732, 739 MElAS:< = see cee cmeeee ee eee ee 605 
thoracefasciellaso2-2---- 440. -hee 732,740 MOUCHSLTG aas-e- eee eee 606 
thoracenigreella ............... 732, 736 quadrifasciatus!=--..---ssee 608 
(@EnyD GMs Sp asaesonosSscesdurenoeeccebont vcr 232 Tanti. sssccdaccsenss see eeeeee 608 
MA CUIAEUMN mee eresocaee c-acltees 232 Saxatilis: -222cc-s-ee ose 608, 610, 661 
Generic Terms Proposed for Birds During sordidus ........ 607,608, 610, 611, 661 
the Years 1890 to 1900, Inclusive, to VIOlACCUSIE ee os eee seeeeee 605 
Which are Added Names Omitted by Waigiensis! e222 -22 25 5---456 608 
Waterhouse in his ‘‘Index Generum Gmelinius ese eee eee eres 685 
Avium,”’ List of. by Charles W. Rich- Gnathagnines 5220s sees ecseceeas 474 
MONG) sos onecentesseee: eeiscises ata dsiccie%s 663)| Gnathagnus ssse-e-esseee es e-ne eee 474, 477, 497 
Geniatestinca-eaesces cee cise ee ec are stieisieiee 685 elongatus ....-...... 477, 478, 480, 497 
Gennadasvecsccssaccecesnp oct o HEdeietie Sire 6851! ‘(Gnathypopsic-ssemssaces setae saeesees 492, 495, 497 


INDEX. 948 
Page Page, 
Gnathypops evermanni, new species. 492,493,497 | Graius choricus, new species .........---- 429 
hopkinsi, new species -...... 49p54074 |@Grallarigve. co ce: ~ Un ee ee eee 174 
PUA ORUS s2< a ce ensec Ce eo 492 GUIEMISSIM tee coe ee 718 
BOM MIMOSCMCMNG =. 5. .< cestoce ca sstecce TBO Re ALOE ee ose cece aed See 663 
(vi D230) 7 bala) ae ere a GSar Moremi c2 oo. cts > 6oohe eee ee sees 490 
(ROliGG? 5.552563 Acog gee Bae eee = ae SES WENCH g: Hoth nat: eee Berne ergs | BP 685 
Cho LIMES 3.3 3S SCS Sai ene ene eee Doe | MOLANI AVA koe an cows cece ones eee eee 554 
RL GHSUANCUS ss. o... occ nee - -Sucest sss. 79 PIUIMOSH 52 bse se seca ee oe 554 
Gobioid Fishes of Japan, with Descrip- GYIPCUSA ee oon see oo es eee 685 
tions of Twenty-one New Species, a Re- GQriphormisy. vcs. 525-2 os ee ee 686 
view of the, by Dayid Starr Jordan and lonsicaudatusiss--sssass eee 686 
John Otterbein Snyder............5.... Bos || GriphosaUruss oso ssecese: seas. cae te eee 686 
GOBIOMOLUS STONOVIL....-..22..-s-52 555-05 ADT MGTUCSOS. <2 ers Soes ore foe bios Hates aan 328 
Sly fet) 2 WOOT a ee ee AVS GTI sc ce awa se eee ste sew see kecsoeee 925 
Ge DME etree sais att oeteesices 4oy eGrus lewcauchenlaeoo-a-cctatcceracenc seas 709 
(Ghia QO GUIS Ce See eee sae ee er 102 LevicoreransSecencticctet eee eee oot 714 
Gobiosoma macrognathos ........-..----- Ge GULSO Dalit esac soe a5 mee Aoa eee cis ce 694 
REMUS Eel See ccisinis's cele ssi occ coceelet SO DZAHS OOF GAIN tHeriai- = =. sane asee ncaa emeeeenecte - 613, 635, 661 
BUDIRMI TSE micys (mise cw ciwie.oe, reese chia 76 tnimaculasas a: ses ee eset eeaee 635, 661 
ONION lect re cow sie slons~ Sastioed « 48 trimaculatuses:-sssceeecesceece 635 
DEC UM Piece ericcnis< gach ew StS Sbe SO 71 | Gymnobucco bonapartii -.......-........ 687 
PIMUIRTOUS ere ems ticle es tioce are Satiee 74; |> Gymnnocephalus2a: tas se saccseecsese ee 705 
Molichopnathus..o...:--. 222 ftsseee 845 /\Gymmnocrotaphuss..- 2222-2 seeseeeten eee 670, 686 
PIABOLGS anes as sceae e eee 90 | Gymnodont Fishes of Japan, a Review of 
MPD) acest coca sa sce es cece ie 72 the, by David Starr Jordan and John 
HAVIMANUS 3.. 3225 .55-22 s¢nsd lees 98 Otterbein SnyG@er:-<-.--<.-2..5--c<rse os 229 
PENEIONCING, sosccc'scs- sow eeene lsc £09) | Gymmnodomntes’: 5 Seec osc. oc ecieepeaccess 229, 263 
PVINUAUCHCMS = cee eee eee s 58; | PGyMNOrObiuss-cxcce cess css sceeces eter eee 76 
LECISUEY, S55 5 2 SS eed Soe or a ea 102 macropnathos - <<a: =s6- 5. 75 
Heptacanbhus 2... =. 22 35 se-t sncess 70),\s GYANOLYPS).2s-senesc cco osc ewee ep seee ee 686 
NERAMOMIb cit cs nese sect See Ss 1065 |e Gy MNOlLMUS!. jo. --ss ace = taco eceee ee 686 
IMM UeUee eee aslo cae eeses Toe | POVANN OSs c= ea asa te sccm an cistee tee ciate 686 
Isetipes reser ce sees sat ce swet etek. 67 TBSCIALUSE. Caner eee oe ere 686 
REWAR MA re ete iwaioices Sian cee ee sia: SOseeeLeemophilastolzmanmileseseseees eee see 713 
PMA CTORNA THOS) <2 )asssccissie clas e,c sale Ch Metehegets FC ME ie Se peade do een borne ced boc 704 
eer iatrisc st iciske o<cew secs se WIN) Wet henOoche = at oo eoaneaaauRc cuSroncoccoeoreS 686 
GQUVACRUIS;-scsocen ese. Sete ee anist 7S |) SSN OER bbe ss Sa OBB ap opaacie- cobmomapaGoes 686 
MCCWMILOSULIS: sos cc 2-22 Soe e Ala Ali CAMPUS = emote eee Dae ees cer 5, 9, 20 
PAAUNMINas Sect ceasectS.o..5.-55% 65 Conspicillatus: ser -ccesse eee 9,10 
peecilichthys, new species ........ 52, 130 BY Ay et aos eu ae aeeeeeeaae 10 
MUOMVMONV Hwee cence cic 2's = 103 koilomatodon ..........-.--- 10, 20 
RIMMNIS) Ss esos oe eee as ost... bo} || Halicheres:--.=-2-<-- 6138, 629, 635, 636, 641, 645, 662 
RUIPIMNBHIAS: oo oseis sass ee tess ssssc. 105 DiImaeculatnsye: -ssaee see secs 636 
fanMOnOEsee se asen ees news. oe 49 bleekeris-ss-seeeeeeee 637, 638, 640, 662. 
RILOURDIRSS ones eset ee <5 ceo 71 peecilopterusiesee-- eee 636, 637, 662 
WORQHAINE: te cce cose ces escsec es 56 pyrrhogrammus 22--....-..-. 637 
GOMMMer emer secs acc se ce ecee aces ee cosine 583 TENMISPINIS! eee sete alec oo ee 639 
POMIPNOSU Sees seeiacyee esac cami ee 613, 649, 662 tremebundus, new species 637, 689, 662 
GRUICNS Aoeeercsicereee cscs. = 649) |Pealicoreindicus) sce. .-rac esse ete 752, 794 
GEVEUIADINIG hae = eione ss aie 649) Weealieutzeasoce cece = cteec a ce eck eels 378, 380, 381 
MUISCUSHere ee eeaeee hee ceece=s 650 stellatac: cece rececis-ieeememace 380, 381 
MCIANOLUS = 222. sioss sce 2222. 650 stellatus: sscsece cc cc cers nawsies 380 
ME CEOTAINIS acetiepic)s eiaicls aleieisiaclae G50) |Palieutecin sey. easels ees sr ese 378 
TCO LOGE. ease ase es a GIS VGD0" 662) eV alllmted ay 27s cree aa ae create erate) = ceaielnlai nce 269 
WAMIUS occ eects oat. 2 649%6505662) |Mblalimentus) 5.22222 22. see eee ee see sauie ts 686 
OnatOGeSs VIGtALUS! <= o25 -c\nce. Seco ce oes. ASIF | EVALOD ALES. occr aces meee eee cere sce < 686 
(On DPEKTSA Ds a-oisee secc ene esisscce ene Be 623 | Hamearis dovina, new species .......--.- 404 
REP ONO he eee nee n wh deet sacs s-s 599 CLOSUTALUS Teese epee eae ae ' 405 
Gorgopas viridiceps ....-..-<--22...s.--.< 430 | Hapaloderma vittatum ................-- 687 
Gorgythion beggoides, new species See. ASie Hap lOCN Aster e mee eee sane siaiseie ste inns 686 
marginata, new species..-.--- AS Ie MELEMIODY Saree ene a maces mace emcee 686 
TOR ae) Vio Es ia eee eae Ae ae 431 | Haplostemma hamiltoni ..............-.-. 501, 563 
Gouldia conversi aequatorialis .........-.- SADR ea Ghee wits eee to c's cise splosidae sige 607 
Ee PULCVANO LING Ste emesis om Sa-i< oe eae = 681 MATIC seen Coo ass seen case 607 
SUMMING) 2. - Be eta ls wins shjobie.cleis's'e ¢ (Hat | GESh hai 38 3 Seeceeanaaaeeaqceanouodso 257 
EET GUUS) ats sroteoe cosine aes’ nialbi= eisicisid'» siaie 6 cies (HEE) |) TECHNO oot Gee Jo eemaeabeactHotsccdnesoocr 257 
RETA CUDIGCDN. solocictalp cies oasis se isiciexidseciacsccs (HOI | BEN IOS SoA A Shoah ancascpeqcccsneosecesoers 699 


944 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 

Harpedactylus \...2 7s. Ueen.e sees cekieese 663' ||. Hemithyris \.22.< 225. F2fslsecesuseeeeeues 562 
Harpia, 222 cacevsancs jaw cototeseeoe see nete 667..,| Hemiulis) 222 552. Sie sect eet ns sec eeeee 643 
Harpyiar cree et ecesee see e eee eee eet 667 WACtATUS ooo seeee eee oes 643 
Hisita-hata 2 sonccesserestarece ince memaceices 483484" || SHIENICODS, -\x2~.cctiac lao see ce eee 797, 798, 800 
FIG ZO Us eee eee eee eee 35, 51, 180 Chilensis\=. doueecces seen eee 797 

otakii, new species .......-- aa eet bl. bos 30 Dolichopus, a New Chilopod 

Mead-ishes | -.aseee ceerrectaceleeaceeeeee 259 from Utah, by Ralph V. Cham- 
Heliangelus amethysticollis..........---- 333 berlin 353.5255 case save sees 797 
@XOLUIS:.,cceiswinse sae ee sonssees 338, 334 dolichopus, new species....-... 797 
(>.0) 4] 9 | eee ae er 333, 334 fulvicornisscs. = -ec ee eee eee 25, 797 
soderstromi, new sub- Hepburmia’ 2t 2520.4 soateeee eae ee 707 
BPCCleS 2 ews aceeece 3o4) | Herophilusit cc. -k2cccese so: Cee ee eee 687 
StrOphianus)s sees seeeeeeeee= 333 | Hesperia altama, new species ..........-- 455 
VIOLAE tesco con scene eeseee 334, 721 caligula, new species........... 456 
Wiolicollisyec emacs sneer eeee= 333 misera, new species ...-..------ 456 
Helianthea coeligena columbiana --...--- 326 sucova, new species ........---- 455 
Hud eidi oil deeneeec seca aes 326) |: “Hesperides 2-22 c.-2cs sass eee eee 383, 424 
hamiltoniissseecceeaceeee ees 325 4) 2Hiesperormithidss. sss. see see e eee 725 
sig keene Spt ee eens BE aerate 326) || Heleterhyphantes\.......--2 ses ssn eeeeeeeee 687 
lutetiae x... 2th eet see 325, | “Heterocnemis'J5.--2 22-2 2s0-e eee ee eee 715 
hamiltonitee.s.cesee 309.325. )|| Heterocnuss.< o.c)-s-ces2 see cece eee 164, 687 
lutetiae:: .s98s-e4-e05 325 | Heteromys melanoleucus ................ 142 
tOLQUATA Sossetecmetatensecees 320) || Uleteropelmai<i2: +... ecccs == ease eee eee eee 715 
Wilson 9: 165.5 3-c 2 taccestiees 326 | Heteropoda venatoria ................-... 223 
HMelianthus\pumulustee.se-sesse sec eenene 736), | SEHLeterOPSAr =o -a- es e oem e oniese eee eee 687 
leliasesi- ccc sesscet cee noc ene eeenee 599) | Heteroptilorhis!33-5---- 0-22 see eee eee 687 
WSO labs! == Sass. coo eee ae 599 |) (eleterospingus s tesccccs case nee eee 687 
Heliastes) ost seen cease ee acces 599) || SHeterotetrax:.. 2-1-5. so eee 687 
MOtAtUsiae tees ee eae eee aces 599:'| wHeterotis:<c25.5- on. 5800 so ceoe eee eee 687 
RCODUCCOlse.cc0G ome slersices cis sacestisa sieeee 687 | Heterotrogonicess.4 2-2. 4- esse eee eee 687 
LCIIOCOLY Ss sete ras seta ett steretetsers Ss cicietaeree eM Rete l 10 Bees skeccrs dasHcsagarececaonsodascs 591 
Heliodoxa, jatula. o-oo. -Seccsse-ciseeace ee 924°) Hilarociehlay:- 02. i cecccacc sesso eee eee 688 
henry sc stews 324 || Himatione dolel-<-------5--- eae eee 703 
jaMersonife--e-s-ee-en- 3245) (Himatione pana seq. -- eee eee 713 
JAMESON S25 cto eee ce 324 stejmegerl --- .--so-=c- eee ee 673 
lead beateriyss- S222 s-sse me 824) CEhinmites son see settee sas seats eee 303 
parvula23.3-5-52-2 324 | SHIppocam pice seas a ler ale eeten ee eee 6 
Heliomaster‘albicrissa@s. 25. <2 <0 es. -ee =e 3401) SELip pocampusts=- so-so 6, 12, 18, 20 
LCIIO PAIS seine y onsets eee eeeeie eam ee eee 687 aterrimus, new species. 13, 14, 15, 20 
Heliopetes purgia, new species........... 434 DLevirastrise.s---eese eee 18 
sublinea, new species.......-- 434 COMES. .ss52 eee eee 15 
Heliormithida<c2-h2-cec- deese cose mcceee es 725 COrONatUS <=) ee eo see 13,18, 20 
Helothnixsalmityss.ca.sserereesecceee ease 339 eTacilissimus - <2. 5-seo0osee 12 
barrotissccaswt sceeeemestesces 339, 340 euttulatus®2s-—- ee eeeeeeee 15, 16 
parrotialincius.-2see--.eeeeeee 339 hippocampus.........----- 13,18 
PULPUTCICEPS eee easee senses 339 histrim. << jns-s<scessceee 13, 16, 20 
WiOlifrOus s-<c0 2 sete eee eos 339 JAPONICUS? - eee eee 13, 16, 20 
Heliothnyxauritusies once casece ceases cee 339 kelloggi, new species... ... 18, 14, 20 
HieliOtropisiisria-cceaeemesne sison eee eee 522 hud i sc.soeecees sees 18, 14, 15, 16, 20 
Eelisoms @MMON Senne ee eae eee 296 longiroOstris’ J. scescsese eens 14 
bTIVOl VIS: 53540 52t oscetee eee ene 298, 296 melanospilus ...........-.. 15 
LEM CORIS tet mie cine elise else te eee etaee = 641, 642 mohnikel 222.2 -s-eeee- 13, 17,18, 20 
WATICP AUR. 2 gRocecwsscmscumecer 642 MOJWUCCENSIS= -s-see eee 15 
Hemiderma brevicaudum................ 152 monickel =. .cscessceoeeee 15 
EHemiciyphidodon...5.--c--.-5-seceeeeeee 607 polytenia,..cesssssesscee es 15 
plagiometopon........ 607 punctulatus -2-5-oeeeeoere 15 
EVE MMS VOI Ses aamaisees hoses ese ee 618, 634, 661 sindonis, new species. .-... 13, 17, 20 
fasciatus .......-.-..... 634, 635, 661 teeNnlOpPterus! s-oeee-eeee ees 15 
RETICOYUTIS ance ane selene (685 | “Hippolytespinuss---22222---e nee eee 893 
melanopterus.............- 634 | ‘Hippolytidis.s-tes es ce--ses eee eeees 893 
Me lAPLEGUS se c\eetn =e se ee 634,661 | Happosiderosj-secesee= =e eee eee eee 781 
FVCMIStOM Bits aces nesters ee seince seca 658 bieolorss 55 ccesee 781, 782, 793, 794 
DEPOLPessseee ees scot ace seease 658 Giedemata, Saas =e. scemeeee ee 781 
PeticMlatUsesassec sce. acecee ee 658 fulyussccce. o.23 ecee eee 781, 782 
Hemitautoga.cscss-< cca-ancccisssssecsseoe2 635 MUTINUSiss Soe aee sees 778, 792, 793 
CENtIQUAGTA-=2-552<-s-ise2 26 635 nicobarensis ...-...-.-- 781, 793, 794 
Le mit bra pis) sass seieletia ie seie nic sieisio ets 687, 716 micobaricus).----------s--16 792 


— 


INDEX. 945. 
Page. Page. 

Hipposideros nicobarule, new species 781,782,792 | Hypostomide and Lophobranchiate Fish- 

“PIGOTT 2S) SS eae 304, 306 es of Japan,a Review of, by David Starr 
1320) =) bh) i 301, 303, 304 Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder .... 1 
SIU ke CCS Se ee Dole MEbypostomides!! 222. Jo eee ee ee 1,19 
LS CWH RIE GUT 6 Ei Beg or 176, 725° | Hypseleotris cyprinoides..........2.-.-.- 40° 
PMMA OIE MICAS ==... 2.0.22 2cs neo G67 A) ielypselomnis’: 9... 6 sesso 4 ass sses ese 689 
MH PUE Meet se coe ct ccs ace eaten ot 705 SIVAICNSISSi25d25s02scmcc oe 689 
SMAMIMCOLE 95 2 SSF 7OS4 | PELVDRIGGINELESH =A osc se sis ose eo w obec one 469 
SDR) Sea Se saa ee eo ee 713 FODIOINCS, 5325-2 ans seen 469 
TEND) 5 See SR eee OCSie| ELV DSITSEIO fe sige eect aces Aas 568 
BRIRITNC CH UINIS 0 ern e -/= Sosa win ee owe wos 688 kennenl Wise. 222 2ensosscsccene a08, 578 
UDOSIDIL LSS 4 rr 20S PELVIDSIS CMY Saco. saeen soos nae ee 614. 
LGD 1-0 Ses Se 2ebhega5eos ee 368,371 | ADAECTOCOME 82 nee 2 sass ee 614 
SMCS 2 eo G88=| Eby psinotus humiles: 2.5.22. 2254--52c2--280 219 
RINT eo oe geo 0947) -Ebypurop tila: bufionie 2-22-22. eee 172 
en 4.55.58 2a 607° | vEtysterocarpus traski..:.2: 2.25: ¢22225-5-- 354 
fill Ga} tea ee er GOPelibididee 22s a.6 hoe aoe asses oaeeeeer 725 
PI ROREL TT EATUN petra niacin clafoie tiene eta ec.coaccs DS 2S PIGOPSiSvese sas ee AS Ae tee k ee 689 
GHAI Se aioe soe ce sc. occ eck cece. 353 hordwelliensiss.s--2 s00- eee 689 
Holocentrussammara...........-....---- GO 7A eCe=fSh S585 sec ee oe ie Ree 591 
EVQUOPNIMMOSUS "55-2... ocs4 -a-os sesh sea G4 elice-fishes!s. gece toads ss ee ees 591 
RASCLNLUS ee fos eke cec oe: 641s Pe lehthycallusst= sce ose eee ence eee 636: 
Mimlospina Ami tOMi..--.<-<.-.-2225s2. 2s. 501, 563 dimidintaga: vest) sen cee 636. 
[RLS TAN OYSISNAT) Sas A a 688 Gimidiatuss=-: 5224-2 es- eae 636 
20 So ee 636. | lehthyscopinees 522-44 foci oo eee lies 473 
CL EINGG GRE OS: SA ee GSsn lehittySGOpUSt s+: sees eas eee 473, 476, 497 
INERT SEATS este Se oe. s cts cee me we eee» 688 | INeMMise rae cee eee 476 
LE LOVE 40: Tu) Ce 688 lepeckea ue Sa Saee sete seca 476, 497 
Is Vols] ogu 1 ELNI0) (0 Aas Saas eee 250 ACHES ee oe ee 476. 
PROUUDHEODSIS cine s => os -seene- Se 2 See ss es ue es GSS Glen de te26 s. cen tee pe eee gas Sa ae Vigwies 
LENE) 50) YUEN? SSS Ag ee ee ss | Teterus SULICApUUS! s2262 = soe stesso 175 
ICING seas tae ee GASEGCURGIER) || JUG bLap nny ements «heen ee Serer eee =e aT 689,701 
PIRGRISLOMN aera eee e ee. SOS DOS MileEIEUC Dh teens Seeieesnaiict ce eee oaks ete aden 689- 
LETTE tent ai ee ae a 580,581 | COLON altar eae c od Late Soeece ee os. 689 
Hummingbirds from Ecuador and Co- Relea ese Aceh eee or Oe Oey eek Ree ee 657 
lombia, Catalogue of a Collection of, | Teigiinel UAT eae em: See eee ee 182 
py tarry ©: Oberholser .-3:...--5.5.2¢: 309 | EnIinoOlophwS 2s. esses eee bee 182 

Humpback salmon of Alaska .....-.-.--- 569 Illustrations and Descriptions of New, 

GUIS TnL Besse AUS aes ee 654 Unfigured, or Imperfectly Known 

RaGityer Ci aS 10 (i 502,563 | Shells, Chiefly American, in the U. Ss. 

CRIS TSEC Bee 688 | National Museum, by William Healey 
Tho DOSS 5 see so Sona aoe 686, 688 Dalle sess. epee sea = sacs Meee ee eee aee 499 
TEOGL SU 0 inns ie ae DDI | SAUL WO TAN Cee accra cle aercicl ae woes ets te erate cree 690 

SIGNET ae 277 | Imperfectly Known Shells, Chiefly Amer- 

CEO SND CIDR GO pe ela 275 | iean, in the U. S. National Museum. 

IER ELEROS) RTs Si = el a a a a 680, 688 Illustrations and Descriptions of, by 
MeNOEUCUS = - =: ~< = cee 694 William sbHealey Dali sae eee ese 199 
Uncen 2.5 sane rr BSH MENGHSpictsss see Pe ee eee as 620 
VENTE) O10 Ue AS ee 1St | indicator xanthonotue<ss-. 222. 5: = 3. =~ 709 
TOUT GT LOS 21 ae See a TSO Nelinci@atonideees on -e8 Sect Rk. eer Se oe 725 
LEIS TUYo9 20 9) S55 Aenea on 689 PMUSHNISes sess 2-8 st. kL ese es 614, 654, 662 
DRUIE ete Stag ae 689 Gane. ee ee a ee eso 694, 655, 662 
REMLGNCIIA Mee ore te ent wah ccieeinte 317 DUVORE RP cece sooee ee eee teres 654 
BiMIOUMATISIRTA VE Asc ons nce bse ele St SMT |) WM OVENS) Se 4 358 eee eee ger oS: seg hoes eace 270 
Hylophilus aurantiifrons........--..-...- URL SICRIT DICtas <2 Sea eee sane ese omens ieee 690 
Esra n Sa = oe Gets os Sassen cose SOR bs CVMOMOIUS=See- sone esse see 789 
Hymenodora front. ‘is, new species ...... 04’) Tonolaima schreibersit..:..2.--....-.. a 324 
Hyperanthus RS ern oe ce ee oe GSoral mod ONS: ee seer fee 690 
BESTE CTI peta eas i en eee es TAS AB LTICION:. <'9-6 see ae 5 on eee 636 
PAU DELPTOSOPOM: 3-G.c1-c- soelsnicc cease ee ease 354 | TACIUEMSereeeecet ees ase ace coisas sacs 636 
Hyphantornis superciliosus ..........-.-- 702 PISCHINOGMMTON mse 22 0-2 Fo soca slot cece 598 
Pi LOSPIZW -aeee <--> seks os Sseae sees. 689 magdalenensis.......-----. 558 
EIMMGGMADONOS\ NA Sco ss oh cee bebe oz 689 sarcosus, new species ....-- 558 
LEIS RCL SSS Si i re 689 stearnsii, new species....-- 5a7 
HET ROC TUTE SOS Boao MESCIMIMOCONISt sci 2... cis eine soe eens 218 
imum eSUSi. see See ome os Sas se ese thes SOCu mls MONE ENIS ae ace - Antes Sas. Secleeenee 199, 204 
CCUG ITS ey Se ee 58S Hos-mxvris, NeW Species.....---.-...--- 205 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 60 


946 


Tsometrus filwme see ee se eee ees 
MACulaiiss sees Me ea ce 

Ithomeis lauronia, new specics .....--.-- 
Ithomia salcata; new species.....-.....--. 
JtO= WO). sec cee Se eee sere 
WtyS. 92 20 .ieseeeaceceae - ames eee once aeaee 
TWanhe. « co-cin85 faseee cee se tees ones 
DMCs. Goss hee petite eee Pe OE eee ee ee 
TOM eS a oor Boe ae aoe oes 
EXO See ee cee roe eer 
TROSies.255 tho See soe Ge tee eens 
phrmocephaltsnse sae ae se ee 
TZAML=UW O8e Yates nets ees eine eens eee 
JaCaMidee . = Sec ot a eevee eens 
Jaek=sardimece soc tan Seren tae ieee eee 


Japan, a Review of the Atherine Fishes 
of, by David Starr Jordan and Edwin 
Chapin Starks has 2a teste er ee 

Japan, a Review of the Discobolous Fishes 
of, by David Starr Jordan and John 
OtterbeimiSnyd eres feesee cece case 

Japan, a Review of the Gobioid Fishes 
of, with Descriptions of Twenty-one 
New Species, by David Starr Jordan and 
John Otterbein Suyder- <2 sescscee ea 

Japan, a Review of theGymnodont Fishes 
of, by David Starr Jordan and John 
OtterbeiniSnyderasqc\e- see eee eee 

Japan, a Review of the Hypostomide and 
Lophobranchiate Fishes of, by David 
Starr Jordan and John Otterbein Sny- 
GTS see anisen cic one ne eetaicinse oes aster 

Japan, a Review of the Labroid Fishesand 
Relatea Forms Found in the Waters of, 
by David Starr Jordan and John Otter- 
peinkSmyd ems cece te Soda ete ee ac eeees 

Japan, a Review of the Pediculate Fishes 
or Anglers of, by David Starr Jordan, 
assisted by Michitaro Sindo ............ 

Japan, a Reyiew of the Salmonoid Fishes 
of, by Dayid Starr Jordan and John 
@bterbeimiSmy ders sa 62 222 oe tere 

Japan, a Review of the Trachinoid Fishes 
and Their Supposed Allies Found in the 
Waters of, by David Starr Jordan and 
John Otterbein Sny dene. 22225250225. 32 

Japanese Species of Surf-fishes or Embi- 
otocide, a Review of the, by David 
Starr Jordan, assisted by Michitaro 
SUING OP eae rettonidd ciate ore ae Ree eee 

BI WichISILCS MEIC M Ne ™ od ee mere cite aeseieier 

Jemadia brevipennis, new species........ 

paulensis, new species .......-.- 

OM OCIC CAS eee 1 a2) oto een eee 

Jordan, David Starr, and John Otterbein 
Snyder, on A Review of the Discobolous 
JBN SOVEG onic ford) Geis! aoe ees Sie es 

Jordan, David Starr, and John Otterbein 
Snyder, on A Review of the Gobioid 
Fishes of Japan, with Descriptions of 
Twenty-one New Species..............- 

Jordan, David Starr, and John Otterbein 
Snyder, on A Review of the Gymnodont 
HISHES Of JAPAN esa ese eecmeeseescisiosiee 


343 


| Kansas, Admire, Lyon County, a Newly 


Found Meteorite from, by George P. 
Merrill tae son ee ia seecs Sa eee 


Ka warmaswi cess. 2 speak osene- ener eae 
Kay KO s.Asc cone toe e ee ee ao eee 
Kelaartia.... dsc. soso ene een seeeee 
Kennerleyia buShianas-- 2. -osc-- essa 
Kietal..c. sos sectsnnestee-ee oe eee oe 


INDEX. 
age. Page. 
225 | Jordan, David Starr, and John Otterbein 
225 Snyder, on A Review of the Hyposto- 
405 mide and Lophobranchiate Fishes of 
386 JPA. St ee ose amare es ee eee eee iL 
580 |. Jordan, David Starr, and John Otterbein 
690 Snyder, on A Review of the Labroid 
582 Fishes and Related Forms Found in the 
690 Waiters olf aipaiss. 55 ee a. eee eee 598 
690 | Jordan, David Starr, and John Otterbein 
690 Snyder, on A Review of the Salmonoid 
705 Fishes: of Japaion.< 245-0 cee. aoe eee 567 
666 | Jordan, David Starr, and John Otterbein i 
372 Snyder, on A Reyiew of the Trachin- 
725 oid Fishes and Their Supposed Allies 
463 Found in the Waters of Japan.--..----- 461 
690 | Jordan, David Starr, and Edwin Chapin 
690 Starks, on A Review of the Atherine 
690 Hishesior Japan -.s-e6 sac eee 199 
Jordan, David Starr, assisted by Michitaro 
Sindo, on A Review of the Japanese Spe- 
199 cies of Surf-fishes or Embiotocide...... 303 
Jordan, David Starr, assisted by Sindo, 
Michaitaro, on A Review of the Pedicu- 
343 late Fishes or Anglers of Japan .......- 361 
| hug ulsress- cess Woes hee ees Pee 461 
JNU aS 2 eee 6138, 631, 641, 642, 643, 645, 662 
GelebiGust5.5..2ica- 22k ose ee 647 
33 CONISH 2 a2 5. Zee aes ae 641 
CUPIGOn 2.2: cs ee eee eee Soe 646 
GOUSA)IS 2s tS Ane 648 
229 FOPMIOSH) Sok Cees dasa ode: See 643, 662 
sibliironsy..c. 055. asoacee ee eee 641 = 
hardwickeis.- vs ce see ee 
INCETIWp tale sees 631 
te UU Se eR ase ese 642, 648, 645 
AMATI Sa A Re ea ee Se ee 647 
Nhkescens\2 32 eect ies aeeeeeees 647, 648 
MEMISCUS)S5. oes) SA ee 647 
595 MenlENSl: s.ee shesste oe ee ee ee 647 
PAV Osi eivre tars cee ears ela a ee ae 645 
POeCilOplLErUsi yaw see ees eee 637 
361 POTpPhyrocep hal aiaas- ee 647 
pyrrhos ranma see eee 637 
quadricolor..... BEE SOS ene tS ee a= 646 
567 TUbIginOsSUsSe SESSA s6. Gu eek oe ae eee 625 
Semilasciatus oss 3a ee 648 
SPINS S252 een oe eee ees phan oe 635 
strigiventerie. 22.34.24. ces ee eee 631 
461 | thersites 5.23: sae. eee eee 637 
| trimaeuilaitia ets. <= ee 635 
MrOstig mai st seccs a. See 648 
VITIGISS 3 eee ta eee 647 
853°.) Jiummalal a 22ers seen Sosa eee 529 
49): “SRaiertibul kul. o. 22 eeatooes ce eee eee eee 258 
425\.| Kalkatoe: aster ae sna ses eee ee eee eee 690 
AZ4 ||) Kiaketoéson 2 ee ee 690 
690° | (Kanabuleut2 2 eas ee es eee 237 
Kandai.c. 3 Sol seetee et ee ee 614 


907 
578 
572 
705 


511, 563 


572 


INDEX. 947 


Page Page. 
RETA e me ea 7. cokes: SoS. oecige Bets 366 | Lampropygia columbiana............-...- 326 
[SUES S10) 0 ae a es eae eee Ae ate) am prochoraks2.c-- - se Soe Sask ee 691 
TOR TOIT 0), 2 ste eee 467,486 | ? Wellin elimiim se: 22) 237 fee 691 
MSE UMN ein cine mw o yo vin aioe reise eaalses aie 574 | Lampusia rubecula................-.-.--- 521 
ROMANE a.) os oe act egun ass cece seste we 25pm) amiariusamulticolor.ca2ss4. 6-55 speeee 675 
EAR bt EE Sa i ete See GION Ml Osea se so so oe = aes ee ee 725 
To) Ohi Ge BS a er a eee 689} Lanioturdinus....-.......- Se igens topes 691 
SS MEVEZ Mtv we(r= Saisie soc Soe eee G68 G90 /69ian | Mibaniiet ano 8 oot ee oo 3 ae he cee eee 136 
LOS 55 ee ee See PL ee cite Soe Mami ce eee ose Sacec. waltiind cobs bees 164, 725 
panera tates enchant eee 621 Larks of the Genus Otocoris, a Review of 
[SG 0 ee pan alent ete 584 the, by Harry C. Oberholser..-......... 801 
UN(BTEEL OO) 1) SS ee eee eae eee ee PASM WATOIGESS ociats sec patos n Phe maae tee eee 680 
Kiigelchenchondrites ...............-..--- TOSi “Marusatricillay 2... 222 <-- 2325-2. 164 
UCPC R017 SS ie See ee ee Ee 582 | POlaSTCS aa ete See ons eer 691 
RSMO TISINGO Seeman s a cles co tne oo ES noes DSi wAsiuiTrus plossevillen..cS.s5c000 gcse ease 160 
PRS UT Meera aecccise ww nice ose vere cctee mene ASM Wp aleaterallus, «toy sets cise eee ete eee 679 
ThE 01 000} 00 Ce ee 596 | WaGhrodectessmactans. 2: seenen sea 219 
[La ECHOES 32 Seas epee ek peso 491 | Lathrodectus dotatus.........-..---.----- 219 
eyclophthalmus ...-../......- AOL esa UL RIS = <r es -ocee shes cen oem ae 535 
PATO TH SUL ee eee Se Sebi Me Be GOH alelienbl CANIG Aye keen eer tees SEN ee Se 691 
Mere Mitens! oc. eect St ne 623 PLimolinay ess. ss s55eee ees 300, 354 
MADINGMEOVS min seek nase e see cnce ees 625 tyriambhingcce =: 2 scceceenose es 334, 335 
SUA WIS se cl eee eae 627 (UIPeEMSIS. ==. a. soe Bisa) 
Gyanotweniass. 222 Siete ts 625 tyrianthina....... 384 
STACUISI oes ae eae ss te DoF Wate e522 tak ke eee oes see ee 462, 458, 197 
PUIDISULOSA ee eas Stes 2 G26 eH wibatiluin ein: hase nase kot cece eae eee 488 
10-21) 03 okt ee ee eee ASST HOH SIGN OL e649 O61 at la bist soe te Scena bee oc eee 488, 497 
Labroid Fishes and Related Forms Found ATPCU AGUS tisk. cepa ee eee ae 488, 489 
in the Waters of Japan, a Review of the, FAUPONLCHS Sse sae es ee eee 489, 497 
by David Starr Jordan and John Otter- SIMCMSISG se. ao ates See aeias oe 489 
pel Swyd er se. s2es J. o-oo oe scissec se Done uatirus GayohUesOnicMs) = --- >. ~-==).ceec=- 505, 563 
WASTES ese eras cae arsrere clo leclok Sale oe Sai se ore G62IR Gass bard Ge) so 8 Somers oe a cea eeeot a aeee = 462, 482 
bYe-alll iy Ses ei eae ere es GUE $+ MHBWEENGIUS «(is ciao oe gctelsie sr esick.neemeisies 691 
CQURIINS) «seer stioc ier eniaeae te 2 626 iaWeetthoplastest: |. sce ce shee see eee 691 
PASCIBLUS sae othe one eee ot se. 634, 635 DRCUSSI A aos See eee es 691 
ROMMOSUSH eee eaels Seis wales cen a2 5 GAS s| we tashamata. foo 4325. =seh se os cee ese nice ak OO MOOD: 
PUASUONONI Seis wos sco tot oe ee GAs eID C CO Se tars een tt te toon anette re 508 
WASSO LG Sees St Fe So sk esse ’ 644 | Leggada andamansis........5..:-22...--- 765 
MHOUUAIS paterson a ack ete roto ea trons BAA CISECS: aa Seana Pee uie raed Saas cig Weems 689 
P#OPOMICUS cesses anes s een ase 614,625 | Lemonias malea, new species ..........-- 405 
URNPTIS= 22 325.1 Se. Pees cates 6 GS AIDC MDILUS, =< Sasha. - os Gece cemae die matinee 715 
MMLeSCONS aoe aos ee tte delees. 674 | Leodonta marginata, new species ...-..-- 423 
MCIAPVELU Ge sac one ke eee eels Gadel Mhepidaplois: 3 -2- Sais. 2 eens 612, 616, 619, 661 
AMOTU Akos eek 7 soe oe ee ees See ae 621 AX UATIS Se ase oe 616, 617, 661 
mMmicrolepidoOtus..:.-=-5.cacese cease 621 DELANO! 2-2 oss ee ee 616, 618, 661 
DENAIIO Aas «= soos =< ee ees 618 | Lepidopleurus farallonis, new species ..- 597 
metienlatus =n sce e eves sees 621 halistreptus, new species - 556 
TMDISATOSUS 2-2 ass oncesose eee owe 625 luridus, new species ...-..- 556 
SEMIASCIALUS AL wean. soe sanscoths Ne 608 mesogonus, new species .. 595, 536 
WANOHS Ser eis ca wcelssbiis ascent se 647, 648. | Lepidopyga goudoti....-......--.......-- 316 
PEMISTICUS =e aaa e See Saas 647 | Lepricornis tristis, new species .....-..-- 405 
PACCLYZOM s.- om esc or = be 52 ec an'= Accson 690 | Leptodactylus'ocellatus :--2-2--2-.--.2--- 180 
WAGs PEDCH ea cecais cies scisisaceis Se snack csisioe 489 | Leptognathus variegatus....--.....- fae 192 
majresnaya lafresnayi-. 4.2... js) snokee 2G Hebe PtOMV 28); 23.2 o< 5 wats oma eee cea ciins 691 
SHU cen cone Seca eee ress Soi |. Meptopelia os: .-4 acco ce seb ck se cetelct< 691 
BHU CC Sectacieee ce eicaoeee emis ozde)| eptophis aheetuilllae 22252 -4cbeeceesn soc! 187 
Per pemtialls ao eninna'e nails oe tncasese cee 232, 263 NIN GenCUses Fa- Ase ees seas 187 
alboplumbeus -.........--- 243° | Leptopoecile elegans... 2. --.<----.----..+6- 693 
lpeocephalus 3-25-1252 232 | Leptopogon superciliaris ............-.-.- 173 
Penwanti: 2 2ssol estes PoSPA A [eI GUC 00) OK) Ge ae ee ee ee 664 
GUIDED ES fe <i-at sectee sent ee ACN Ee DLO USL as ae ao. eine sre is creators atm amie race 664 
MEAP OPLENUS = cere se cie eis o sce eine Se oe seisiecines 669 69lo| PlentonhwnGhuss 2.2. ss. cee tee ence 718 
ATTN GUS 9-5 2 Eek ce a OOUE HAMS LOGINS Se fey tera ints) < Sie 2myos nie =ialsine Sas eis = 691 
TGA DMISCM INIA eek aio Seas be naa aeecisls SoiP lbeptoscopidee.--5... 25 jen oa2sseciecse nese 462, 469 
BamMpornis AUrescenS......- 52 .e-2se000c5- S25) a Me DLOSIDLACam at. Sas = hoc asia oaistetsaiciealalo 692 
PIMC ESCENS 22 \saisiceteases 8 321 ramiGhit, scams eed oases sees 692 


INDEX 


948 
Page. Page. 
Leptourus 2c... sc occa eee ee eee 692 | Liomesus dalei var. eburnea .........2... 531 
WEpus =acese ss eae Basaduosor oan aE NCO 161 Masstil a ec See es eae ee 531 
MAaArgarite cesses see eee eee 162 Lb GA nas amet See same 530, 531, 565 
Lerema coyana, new species ...........-- 453 QOIMES: 2.40 a ee Sees ce 531 
elgina, new species ..........--.. 453 OVoOideS! S25 G82 5. aL ce bees 531 
stacara, new species..:........-- 453 | Lioparus........ ee Ares ne tet ae 692 
Lerodea tesera, new species ......--...--- 418° | LAOrMmis tees ete sen ace eee 692 
Wesbia zquatorialisies.esese- ses sees oe 337 flower: 2eerecs 2. eo. cee eee 692 
Gracilisysscaco anes een ee eee 3371 IOSACCUSS se ace eee sete ee een eee 232 
Bethotremts’.-) seen ene tee ee 344 Gutatietiss 2.3 25a sees 232 
awe, new species........... 844) | iparidideer: (23238. ce ace eee ee 343, 347, 351 
AMM GUISES cae eta ee Eee 344 4! “hiparidinees: 2.22262 e ee eee eee Cones 347 
bethrinusmahsenas--.--.-55252es 2-22 607 Dipsrise ssc. ase eee 344, 347, 348, 350, 351 
NCU COCARDO 7. oe Au! Jose oa oaee ae nee ee 692 APaASsiZil 7 Fee See ee 348 
TLeuctenag) casa Saracens ae serrate 692 RIGUtICUSs a eeeee ee ee ene eee 348 
Hew COP OV RK ass not seco ea cie oe ie ee 692 PIDDUS t=. SONS es ee ee 348 
Leucopsanion 262. 2t=.eseseeseeeseceee 37, 125, 182 lipariss 25 Ue. aie oa eee 348 
petersiic 25s. ae 125, 132 pulchellusie see... 2e Leek 348 
Lewcoptermisalibicolliss 255-2 ---s ese sees 168" Liparopsingeseteee. sete eee eee eee 344 
MeweosOmMar. oases eases e et eee eee eee 591+ biptormiswe 2. cess. ae ee ee 692 
TECVES! 240 LAcane cores Seen eee 591 heStEmMUS)- 225: = eases eee 692 
Leucothyris manora, new species....-.... 383'-|- isso yrares peste eho oe ee ee ee 554 
WEUCULIA nase ase a sere oes ee enters 692 | List of Generic Terms Proposed for Birds 
phaileratac.e. 27 sees a 5ee eee ete 692 During the Years 1890 to 1900, 
GWA aise chee oe ee ee eee cece eee 679 Inclusive, to Which are Added 
MI ASORMc se cee tee Ee ase ee eee 270 Names Omitted by Waterhouse 
GORVIMbOSAs Sse a ie cece eee 270 in his ‘Index Generum Avium,”’ 
Hichtensteinipicus Saye. 22's: sacce scores 696 by Charles W. Richmond....... 663 
IPN ODUCCO sre mc eee tae eae eee 692 the Myriapod Family Lithobiide, 
GONSOMTIMUSEo- o- seseee eee 692 of Salt Lake County, Utah, with 
Lignyostola cydana, new species-......... 429 Descriptions of Five New Spe- 
Mgurnus rUfObrunmMeusis---.s-2- se arene 705 cies, by Ralph V. Chamberlin .. 21 
(ina wlbiCOMAs=-. 25-5 ss 5-65 us Sees oe 5071564. ||) bithobuide ee s_ccs-eeeceser- nce Ree 797 
| Ballon) ott: appa nea eee ed See Oe It 279 2882291204, |) ithoObilise-t ee =see-seraee kee eee eee eee 21,798 
Tied ON ee ee ame Rete Se tee ee 291 bipunctatises ees aa ee 21,22 
var. utahensis: ....2.22-- 291, 292 collium, new specics.........-- 21-98 
homme villensiss assess aeons 291, 292 forficatus 2222 42-2 se ae eee 22,24 
bulimoides ..... EOE VIDE Sie 288 intermontanus, new species... 22,24 
GADERUlas ses ace ane aso eee 291 ODeSUS' «55.5. iB S5s0hin- week Seeeeinee 22 
catascopimer: s2s-- 4. ote coer 291 purpureus, new species ........ 22,24 
Columel Ae: 2).5-8 aa eee ee eee 291 socius, new species .......<.... POR: 
decollathcasccn<cc ee ee ee Ore eee 291 utahensis, new species......... 21, 22 
ClOM GS = hacen on tac eee eee 291 KANG ch ees oe ea eee 21, 24 
EMA Abaya sees ane ee See 291° || Thithophiapseeit ss: eos. ess. eee ee 693 
loybp NNN Semtioe says Stoo cOeeeS 288 UINATISH = ance asec eee 693 
lance@atan. ks sacecteectteo sess 291 || “Mitorinajaleuticnis:2) 2-2. .-ee eee eee poe 
Nepidiiser see cc ott See are 291 | atkana, new species ...-.....--- 551, 565 
WNC LASOMA. 225 cs eee sae eee 288 Sitkand .hestesu eee eee 551 
MWnialilianaewocce. venue sas eee 291 | Lobiby x: .ess-e eae en eee eee ee ere 693 
palustris Jocee ee cee 288; 291.295: ,| “Lobipluvint: 222.2-45-2-" seen eee 678 
MERCER a cc ok ees ee ee 294 | Lobivanellus superciliosus -...-......--.. 667 
Stacnalis ese eee Deen eke este 288,204. | Tohoparadisedes-enen s-e- sate eee eae 693 
SUMTASSI ssc a ee eee ee 291 SCN CER lads eee eee 693 
MU DTOSA A ace tc kee eee ee oe 99]° "| “LobospilpSins.n 0. sees ee eee 693 
MAINE LA SS ae ose pses ras, cite soe ee Ree 288, 290, 291 | sigillifier’.452 Sins eeeeeeee 693 
TOIL Sears cmc weenie as eae eee ee 6927) (Lochmophasises--es-=sess- eee eee 693 
IMUMOSSTAMUS eo nsn\. wee ee Sos cnet eine 692.) Lomyvia2: 2520) aes eee pe eee 133 
FIRING PUA ames Se cone meee 288 | troileicaliignmi case acess ase eee 134 
Damm opi eSwyareme vanes a Accce ee cece 718 | LOphiidesa. 25. ~ o acne ee Sata eee 362, 381 
imo phivsa Palustnisy. sec occe cee ac 293.| LophiomlUs 22222 9232-242 aseeene eee 362, 381 
WuMOMEKCSee mance eer te nee wee tec cece we 692 CAUINETIS.. 2426 SS ise eee 363 
Weim OPSis MMM Wa eos ee ee ee oacennciee eel 560 litulon. new species... 362, 364, 366, 381 
panamensis, new species........ 559 setigerus ..... 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 381 
imi phiatonl stare. -soseascoreeee eee se 220." Lophiorniseiscoses ascesee oe eee eee eae 693 
TAOMESUS a cee a- Soee a eee ames ein ee 524, 530 obliquus.:2 tte ese 693 
behinin piamareencn-sacceaemece os 53 LOphius: s:...c.c.sckiteoeene Gate eee ee 362 
Cama lieu ats! ee atecte cece n= 531, 565 LAUJAS? oc. seca eee eee cleo 380 


INDEX. 949 

Page. Page. 

ophius) histrio ...-.-..-...........--) 368, 369) 371) |), Macacus andamanensis .-..--.....4.- 788, 793, 795 

histrio var. marmoratus ........ 368 | GarDONATIUS.<-5 4. sce chess oe 790, 793, 795 

TRUM CSUULS oe eaten as ApS 2 380 GyIoOnrolsusie-ss5-s55e2 2 789, 790, 793, 794 

pinnis dorsalibus tribus ......-. 368 leOnINUS! 3555s aoe de asec 788, 792, 793 

PAUTDI GUS =e |noteinrs Aas oes exe's 369 | umbrosus, new species . 789,790,792, 793 

SOUP OLUS) oncom tice Ans aec acai: BGs snow | MACITER ON Aas weeeanesS2 cee. > wae easter ee 694 

SiR eee eee ae eee 380 DuUlehralves a eee eee 694 

WAVIDALUS) —acesck wc ceise a stmenee 363 | Machimia tentoriferella.................. 732 

Pera MODA SULCUS sci soe cesisenineoecsinswisccse 693s |e MaChlOstominlse =a. -iic. =e, soca ceae eee: 694 

IanO DTanC Miles acess scot che sects See SolO |p wWackerelipiiiteners sce 55. ee sn oe 234 

Lopholaimus ....-.. Seaecn ts Senses ee ceases 677 | Macrochlamys diademu.................- 499, 562 

TROT MOON AMA cee eS tvs a Se sacs es 6933) Macrodoni sagrimatd. a2. sscsee sos eee eee 508 

MMOD RAMS: 52242: j-2 cis. comets aensce bois Malcroxus eriscOPena.| 2-5-4 e514 s-a55' ae 144 

Lophostoma amblyotis ........-........-- lode | eiactramiehmondlo6 soo) otoceac a -eeweae 510, 564 

bidens Seass oo. 0s. ae eeasss 15d Mactrellaaheringi=- 5.5 1.s. ese acee eee 510, 564 

preuziliienseien ns seen Tyg Mea Ch Ge eee ate monte nie ate cin st eaiclsemiaenies 885 

venezuele, new species .... LAMA AQUEUSH ce senee ot oe oer aoe 676 

ORM GZOSHETOPS a) sor<,<ic' os sini eipeeis se elses GOsmi -Malacorhynchits.acs-c5 soe eeee ae ee 694 

GONeTIV iy Mees2: Acces soso GOS aie Mievlim buss. 2 pe yehec < ho Sead De ae eae 669 

LORDS. 2.2 2555 45a eco esd cope eee aE ee 693 | Mig meolWisls esse sa 687 

ee petra Aetna ut gs eran 693. | MACH) Ieee seaeaerat hee ee 669 

MORSE Me ete ara te aicniapa lateness Se ae CBT) CUS (EI Nan ke eae pn as SEA ene RE a Be tars ea 583 

WRU O Pe forse oo) sats fave od eichete He sieingnase eee CoS Brault Cpa. encise aeons areas a eee 378 

CADCV CEO OU: 0 a eee eee ee GOS OMe LTO DSS esa r isn sors ett ok yeaa a 378, 381 

MOU ere eee ae sc ac secene oe sees 607 WUE E US Woes, Saat ets Sates te 378 

ROMP NOEL E oceee Sone cece te meets 607 tiarella, new species...... 378, 379, 38 31 
POR ASCLILG: act facia cd wereincesmieaeeeee 686 | Mammals Collected in the Vicinity of La 
WIOIMER Ut ae sa ase = mee 705 | Guaira, Venezuela, an Annotated List 
WEN” Chee enbe ce aeneesnae 694 of, by Wirt Robinson and Marcus W. 

EGR PMT CM ALASOML. <.,ccccmacs <)> Since GOON ae MALE OME ae ropes Severe Rp tae tai oeee ee” 135 
PE CUOVISRMS a Pe oreo aiat=iaic'aya)e dasiaieieioaie eicie 694. Mammals of the Andaman and Nicobar 

CUA See ee Noe eae (Sree eee 694 | Islands, the, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr..... jal 

Lueas, Frederic A., on A Flightless Auk, Mani Gall ax Sette check cemeck Beta meer 134 

Manealla Californiensis, from the Mio- | CaliformilensiSee-osse sees ose 13% 
RERC LOM CAMTOMMIE ooh <0 ee fone tees osi<, 13: californiensis, from the Miocene 
PRL CTO OUR seta )= <2 ste a sie fore ores seeps Se 37 of California, a Flightless 

APETOP GOV ai 7). oie kt acieneiie set ots see 37, 123, 182 Auk, by Frederie A. Lucas... 133 

PIG UA DUS cen cite oe ete aes 123 glo2aleMangilia, cincinata S225 scceseeseeeees < 515 

DIS SUCK ELS es soe pele om wicisis nese nese ere Say | AMEN MICUN DD /-reiets clatate wreiage wisisiclereieseeene wareee oe 694 

IL ars os Se aE ae Oe Se eee TSB GaN Does ae = os een ne pte SD) te Rinne ELD 692 

Loi o1ata Ss n= oe eRe eaters tee 693ceManweodia COMTI. 4. -o-<teoae cece ee 682 

PRIS CUTMTAISUNIY MOA ae sister eee eins ae =e ema 681 | Margarita vOnticilerds. 2. s-2..,.c.8-= ee 554 

iiqgbhaGhayhtsp ele ahatsbi0) 000s eee ee 607 | Margarites vorticiferus.................-.- 5d4,565 

LLU DCO cece Sa Se COR Re Oeoe teen eees 694 | Margarornis brunnescens ...............- 708 

LEER SINT Ce Sa a ee ae SO lel MNUALISCH cmeeme tea Seen Seer oer e eee 694 

Lycaena cogina, new species ......-...-.. AQT te NaS Ute = tre aa oa oe ae SSeeere eran ene eae 571,572 

griqua, new species ............. 407s Miangereliae casks. cs se Sci case acim waa 558 

MMGee Issa eyo s a's sic eraictsle so Siete oe as A Oe i Misiza iin Sta apa discs, eicseis Cae sine a Maciocia see ere 161 
MP CUSS WAMeNSIS: 5.2 <2 ence Soase cee 225 | Mearns, Edgar A., on Descriptions of 
MNS OSUZ ara score sac \cte wreieves dieteiscisiecis asc 694, Three New Birds from the Southern 

WyGOSHAvIAMTCH sa.) s 20 = sic\cu siecle oe =o nels 223 WmitediStatesuy see iso ese oose ese Se 915 
SUISSCRETI 2 7-1 cparrajseine a aes ees cee 223 | Mearns, Edgar A., on The Cacomit! Cat of 

GUUS USC: jae ee eae ales a ees ene ee 223 the Rio'Grande Valleys ssc e248... 207 

RSC ale eee cece hse veka neeeaee a Zo pel NUCCISCULANOSCHS cca same cee see eS eaey See 670 

ILPUCS a Gee ne as ae a eet EK AENICEM TS OD. Cements Sa Fe ano 694 

Lymanopoda varola, new species ........ 390 INC CLORIemmeon cent cease we 694 

Lymnas pelta, mew: species .....:------.-- SOO FW UCP ALONG ERt Moti cammicinie Gas ets ae ce c's sisi 682, 700 

aoliganisse tes Seen ete cehe a oes 348 | TUBA US Hes pte na ok yey 682 

jon Kel ales DEG E e ree ciesensederet ae 348 MiepalOMbenug sca -scmaa- 25. ee telcte<c ae 673 

Lyon, Marcus Ward, jr., and Wirt Robin- MIP PAN eoUOmceteclaaeite ce oe Seine toe 2 te ol. 476 

son, on An Annotated List of Mammals Veer Hp OULG eee ace os scot Sse te comes ee 725 

Collected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, Merapodiusiwallacel so 0.2... ce ec. e es = 683 

WIGHOZUG)] Mots oc ein v5 s Sess cee ease es I Syn NC PASCOPS y tee cat aoe csec cise Yes enc atlas sche s 711 

VEY SURO UE Soimteteterta ta cays eisoiule -oinrcyate ay stetevarerseroncre 694 | EASTMAN) 5S. soe eo is.cce wins <isi-s 169 

IE 0 0) Eel esse aga iy ee See ey ne eo 238, 244 | Megistias carinna, new species........... 452 

VISREASU INN Hye eee rater Aes a oko eee as 700 | chula, new species............: 451 

MEYERS On ea Le a ees eee 788° | corescene, new species........- 452 


950 INDEX. 

Page. Vage. 
Megistias eorius, new species...........-- 449))|"“iMetallurasstes oes sees a ae eee eee 691 
gispara, new species ...--...... 451 PIIMOMNUS soe-e sates |e see 334 
jamaca, new species...........- 452 Guitensis/-5 2-25. sacsecs eer eee 335 
miaba, new species ....--..-..- 450 tyrianthina quitensis.......... 335 
monestes, new species ......... 450 HAVEN Aan Ome ooccesaeseesac 334 
polistion, new species...-.-...-- 450" || “Metapteryxee: hac nceces sas goede ee eee 696 
ranesus, new species ...-......- 449 bifrons....: SS ce ameter eee . 696 

sancoya, new species ......-..-- 452 | Meteorite from Admire, Lyon County, 

telatase a eee oes caer ae stos 449 Kansas, a Newly Found, by George P. 
vanilia, new species....-..--..- 451 Merrill\scacccces- ccs Saece tesco 907 

vorgia, new species ...:........ 451 | Meteorite which Fell Near Felix, Perry 

Melagavia {aces ssndeemcee nein = nee emit aa 695 County, Alabama, May 15, 1900, on a 
Melamipittassa. 2. oh. cee secre see ere <imereie 695 Stony, by George P. Merrill] .........-.. 193 
Melanerpes subelegans..........--------- Lal) Mezobucco' 232 -2-2 2 nccasn ee necro ecco 696 
Melaniape. essere ote ecos see seett ese 2font MeZzOtreromassece ss teene cer aeee eee ee 696 
ORIENT eats tee aces DIG HQT, 280 1 MicranOuse-s-s cp coeeeoe sence cee ere 696 
Mielaiiies: seomceee cote sec Goce anoeae as 276 | Micrastur melanoleucus..--.............- 168 
MelimobuccOin- sarees eer scsceocace sess ce 694 | Microcerculus pectoralis, new species .... 178 
Melanocat bossa see-nt os cece a aeee nator 694 SQUAMUIA TUS Hee sen eeeeese 178 
MelanoGory phates ace wees eet ce seca ee 675) Microctenus|ztnaee saeco eee eee cee eee 223 
Melanolarustec eee nae sete crs ean sees 695" |/=MicroglyphiSietasns22e- eres ce. oeeeee eee 512 
Ne lamO ph OV reteset rc ase ces ce mets 695 breviculus, new species --.. 512 
Mielamospizalas-cese sce stseccics--ertemece ee 695 | Micronyeteris megalotis....-............- 153 
Melanostentd-ccoed seaecssoheeeee seen ence. 695; |) -Micropelia.a 2 s3 oc Ae otcece ateeee cece aeeneee 696 
Meleserisocellata ss. -4- secs i= sel 665) Micropodities soe. ce=- sae eee eee eens 725 
WIEN MON cares sdoomdauanaessanenpac 695>|| “MicrosarcOps)oc- ss ss-se nse eee eCeeoee 696 
ZETNK EN te acia se eee see 695) | SLI CroStiGtUSie a2 Sees mae a eee eee eee 696 
IMe@liphaeidte:- 22 oes ciocesewe e nanan 20 | MiCTOULDOMY Xe an sain rates ae ae en ee 696 
INV Kell OOM Steed Sadek sede snaceeGogoeanec 675,695") “MI CrUuriacicc2)<m cleric ose eae terete eter 681, 696 
IMEI OCHCIUISS terse enteritis einem inte 136) | Mallkktsehitselnesscct nce sissies oe ee 574 
MielOnPeNa GOLONM se cee aa- 4 esos ase sca O21" |) Milktschutseh= ase eee ee eeeee nee eee 74 

Melospizarcajuddite.0. ce seems ace eee 802 | Miller, Gerrit S., jr.,on The Mammals of 
INMIGINOTHS es aioe coe cern See mise ences ese cies 200 the Andaman and Nicobar Islands..... 751 
MENG CITT alters art cisine sin cle neers eee ci eae 560 || Milted@ecta-- ancwas aes ce ore seiiiae ae eee 696 
REMMIGO Urs seers eee = aeicerstsre 560 PTACWIS cence .stecece wees 696 
MenetrixicOMradined ©. sesecae- eset 509%'663;/564)" |) Mimetes S2easce-cmcaet aaeeciocc cee eee memes 696 
ROM OMA ser eee ciains sae ee rece D09).) Mimi deve es Sa ohes seen ee eee renee ees 726 
SAVAMNA: 2 aa5 cictrecciee anata a temo 909) MUimMuUS. = 23s oite Bee oe ee eee ees 696 
SIMPSOMIs se5-5.c 2 toe soe ce eer ol05564, | Miniopterus:.-s.22 25. uenee teenie eee 780 
TOMA SLAT A ater steictaersnsteerecicicleys ake 509, 564 DUsillusiee geese see 780, 792, 793, 794 
MECH ON SAO NASUNEMSI Syrersctomjse erate eter roe 708 SChrevnhersiil-te-cee-e acer 780 
Merrill, George P., on a Newly Found Minlacinered: 27-272 .5225. fee eens 715 
Meteorite from Admire, Lyon County, MAINO}: Sooo USe en ee oe ee eee eee 683 
LSA Stls) cao aebGemoanea oon sesceses apeocs LUCA Sh Oy ob tH SR AS SES Seo Osea sciopocosessadss 535 
Merrill, George P., on a Stony Meteorite Miralitat. S225 ocean oS eee eee 682 
which Fell Near Felix, Perry County, Misumena:o. 2... oacee ore eceee ee eee 223 
Alabama, May Tos9000 52-2 s2s--- eee: 193 asperatusy te esses oe 222 
Mernla: fumigatan soo. cece cic nasi sicce 178 foliatan cw a. cee ee eee 222 
Mesempriormis’:.2ceccsa-ms- sac cesac seams 695 TOSCR soos se225 beer eseemaneeee 222 
milne-edwardsii.......... 695" || “Mitrospinpusiee ace ease eee 696 
Mesene martha, new species .....-....... 402) | Mizwko oS oer ee es craye eieiae ee 366 
SIMI POM sass ieecicrere etter Se ete 402 | Mnasaleas amatala, new species ........- 4AT 
strigulata, new species........... 402 | Mnestheus petrovna, new species .....--- 457 
MLESOLOD MIS secssieroc crs siete oie ee etesietersee 695 | Mmioultidss <2 eee ee eee 177 
INESO PN ONE ayes stow sci os acicotincsestmesee 695), |. Moa. 52 eae eee eee ene er nee 696 
IGS OMUGIY Ret eiiecteteiaisamicists © -ieteiereminitein 695 {| Mochinouwo ese s.--2o ase oes ee eee 693 
MeESOPUS).5. 922. 5--esscse5-2-s-s-2-22-=- 086, 588,093 | Modiolaspectinulas-sa-5e--ssseee se eee ae 507 
JAPOULCUS--2e--=------<----- 290,089,090 |) Modiolariagmectimul aasseeece see e eee 507 
OlGUS SS. sss. 00-<.22..- 588;5589%590;593) |) Molhnilaxee cease ascaeece cee sears 523 
PTEOSA v-sesiee ate ese ses pean 588 | MOla. 3222s. sere cea eee ene eee eres 260, 264 
MesoscOlOpalsc ce nisjcoaescisteeiis 22 sean = 0 695 ACULED tat reese eee este neers 260 
Mesosemia friburgensis, new species ..... 399 Mola sass se eee eae eee 260, 264 
mathania, new species ....-... 398 TIRSUS (2s no Dace aoa ae eels sae es 261 
MHOGIa she E seers see eee 399 TOtZits 2c hee ee ae ee ees ae 261 
Metathigib bose -) caceencmaticn actos centers 220 | TOtUNGA’: 2 Sees eae ee eee 260, 261 
Metal puffer sce ca-pas soles oes a farelemiaisiciciainele 237-|'"Molacanthus2e. eee seese eens see 260 
Metallococe yx eee ee nee eee ae 695 pallasiss ie sas sees ee 260 


=> 


“rn 


INDEX. 95k 
Page Page. 
SOU DS oe Se ae ea 229, 230, 259, 264 | Mus stoicus, new species. ............--:- pean) 17 65%0 
Mollusks, ostreiform, new, genus of ...-.-. 301 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 768, 792 
NUNES SS a eae ers a's a aie dwerse oes etie.s 152 SUDIEr ents eee eae eee 763 
MIOUGSSMMOUSCUEUS too S2 cscs Si ches meet nc 158 taciturnus, new species... 758, 759, 762, 764, 792 
TAPES ee ee ee oo wee ate 156, 158 WoC US area sess Ae nee 759, 760, 761 
WG) nts Ce eee ee ee a es 726 VOGIICRANS Soames Aske Saas See 760, 761 
REMC eRe net =o cise nat cei nae vcs ee ee 6979|h Muscicapa SINGNSIS ss -s.e cc scons sees 702 
“MSTA Ten DS es a SS See ae 697s eNiUSGiespidieyai ass -hec esc Sass ss sees 726 
Monoplex caudatus ..:...2.2-s4-2-566552- 52ibe|P MuSciparuStis as a.sec ee kes eee octioace 697 
OIMIGENIS ee a lattice sae ccs tnces cece s 192 tappenbechkic. sesss~saenaseee 697 
OT CON OS 1001] OT) U7 i rh G23 ie PMEUSCLVOLaMUVrAN MUSE 25 cosee o aesa nce 173 
Monieilla phoemicurus: =.=. ..2< -fs.2---22 FOO |e NEUSHOLA ATS ise a iraecn gions eee ee 147 
Moths of the Genus Depressaria Haworth, MUS Ve Linas ey sels Sonos Sass te aoe 684 
A Review of the American, with Descrip- INDUS CORE GCS ye Sei saclce cerca setae Berea 697 
tions of New Species, by August Buseck. USI NE GOLOS rasta aa cc hs tes cae en eee eee: 162 
MOnNDtAIn MINNOW ==. 25. 2-22-<2---222--< DS | UV CHTORVNCIUS G25. Seiten ss aceee esos 697 
(SUG Peg Cente hee b78" |e Miypple eriehsonil jos.a22..000 a2 ese eee ew 218 
INTE ees ee. See. Se 578 Meta: esac oasevs sade owns needs 217 
USVI). 3 SAEs Go SSS ee eS Ode le NEViaTChuUSs: 2.852255 oho nee poo 677, 682 
Mucia matalma, new species ...........-- 446 Hammiulatisesss 25 one seeae ae 77 
Muertes 3a2,|) Myiobius maenirostris: =~. 0:5-.-2-2---- =< 682 
Miuleria CO7p |REMEVIODASIS bs Sasa asce scene saa mae 697 
Mullerornis GOVelaNEMIOSOOUSS sases-secn ase se ecceee eee 697 
697 MU VICAUd Sess S353 = Aeee ae 697 
GS84uleMiyniothera ard eslacwea. 2 a22.-- wc aeeeee ot 713 
Milagre FASCiMtus. | 2. 52-6 Yeeeah Bees G34 My OSpizaies = os Sas) sms.ds.es aod Bee eae ee 697 
MIEN DNC Yann Scns aceite cules ee setae 520,534,538 | Myriapod Family Lithobiidee of Salt Lake 
AMMGQUUSR oso ase te esc ot sweets 520 County, Utah, with Descriptions of Five 
SMA US S556 cose ew ses owe S eee 537 New Species, List of the, by Ralph y. 
CONCH ean EEE crc Se Sn EE 539 Ghamberliny sj2sedescsess2e5+sce5scase 21 
CH DUN AUS Saas hek 2 seen ee Dae | Myra MI CrUTA + <n o-c eee oe ee 340 
GCanpentenine cee esc aks. 56% ges 15 Sd2 Dome NUE OGIIYGS s2.co5 42c52 cacee cases aes 697 
GlAbNTravOsh os: Sess s bs eee le 537 hypoleucusSss-chs- 32255 -eee 697 
CONPEATIUSS eke csc. tee eee. Padua Moun (Nba Seee Se -)evinsijsc ee cjachjon asee see 720 
(EQO1S| C2 AS GE ere a ee ee Dot) MMVRUIS ADM Vje 22-2 2.25 sce5a5 sees ecesers 340 
Grbieul abuses. 2.62. 2st c Sete cen HSS | PROVSULOLMA MA plMUSisem ese. A ec eee ates Lege 698 
PMUTICAUUIS Sees Seas ae Se as Heo eNMV bis taba se. 22 2c sedan sen occ eee ee 508 
OSUPER BUN ee noes. 1 eis toe ee noes = Gilby MEN Kae aca Se Sbaie Se amnoo Sanaa scaes ac 698 
WObEbseesactkics aches Stes aeet ewes 532, 564 SAPASMONUIM = srossecee eee oe ase 698 
Sint 10 CO Ae ee ee S20 Me NAsOVa PUner . <6. 52222-5524 = 2s oases 243 
WAPIMANUS © 222525056 Ss 0% vaca ce Hoo) |PNapoyabulkuc. 22252 2.2525tccescesseee eee 243 
Mincides Horidana.. ..c...---.ss2s.00 552: 05: |, NAM erabwkwes ac. 2258 = a ee see tere 237 
Rem = Sees vs + sic aclekle sale SOD pie ON UT eat cine oe ee Acs ee coer reves are omens 499 
FATT SU Bits hse ete woe ae 505, 563 digdemae: 2 Ane Ie bok is 499, 562 
GSULER IN) al rg Aen ee re H0p+o68: ll Nanmochordelles)--sssesse+crenes- = eee 698 
Olay UOT) ok y 0th pee ee ee oer 5035563" | Nannopteruin <2. sso es. peewee once 698 
UETS, Oca he RRS See cece et SEE eae aes 7580, Napotnerdibivitiatwe secs =seee eee 697 
HIEKANANIMMS a 522026 2 7OS'763; 400-02, 192 alt INO aa 2% aloe ear) talaee ae ents vies erartercins 607 
andamanensis......- 758, 765, 767, 768, 772, 794 (221 0) Of: hae Se Oe ee Ane ra epee a 607 
andamansis........ TOD 102s) SNARK AR Oreos ace ene easter ea teeebte tase 575 
atratus, new species ..... 758, 767, 769, 772, 792 | Narope marmorata, new species ......-..- 390 
MOAVENSl2..< -nee sect aces 758, 760, 762, 792,793 | Nascus orima, new species ......-....---- 428 
burrescens, new species.......... 798, 771, 792 orita, Mew Species ...-2..-2.----2- 428 
burrulus, new species....-.... FOS ON TSO AI ENASS Dac «nic 3 See ob ae Gon Se re Seren 521 
PUTLUS, NeW: SPECIES: =.= aos sekee cess 758, PENCUlAtArskee Peewee eae ee cisee 521 
(68s TOOMPTO MATL: Ee hoe Abe NASSAILY TLV.Cai. cece sec poe setaaeis sis f= oe 5 A21 
flebilis, new species...........2....-- Taser ENG OkKIbana oO Sacer ee eleeee shee stokes 305 
7O25 1Ga5 LOL, Loos OOs OTTO Tess IhoN CCLASHIUI 2 a> ote aties ans setsel cles ccs Ss ~ 698 
MAA Gliese oti es Ses tse cis .-- 759, 794 PUES es capes Be ae a 698 
11215 (<(0) Ul Ce er ee Lage TOS tO OAT Oa | NCCTOD SHS. atbtstsce cian te ne cieeneee ee ye ee ned 695 
MORUCPIGUS 28sec ess ascts 144, 759, 769, 770 | JOVI G OY: )S, ere Meee eee de ae 698 
TAO OUE EE Seton mrcsaislaicl=/alw eid,=isin cae els LODO al PN CCLODSADE nat ce cos Soult isco aes Saceiok » 698 
PUM tn arac ins eee s oe 758, 759, 792, 795 MOGELIGANUS! sos isk oo 5 aoe 698. 
MMM OSUStas heey say ys ee es MODaTbostOw IN GCLOPSICIAGCUS:: is 2 sso eae i accee oe se ser 698 
pulliventer, new species...... ..-.-.- TSH || INTC oT VIG Cee eee 726 
765, 766, 767, 769,792 | Nectocrangon californiensis, new species. 892 
WAEUUISE eae ein tsk e se scce Saba sawn eee es 758, | CRASSA sea sores haeeene 892 
799, 762, 763, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 793 | dentata, new species .....- 892 


952 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Nectocrangon lan 225--- sores aes 892 | New Species of Bullfrog from Florida and 
levior, new species ..-....- 892 the Gulf Coast, by Leonhard 
ovifer, new species ........ 892 DBiciMesen cb aeses. Dees ee ae 211 
Needle putters 22 stesso emi 257 | New Species of Snakes, Two, Descriptions 
Nen@bacac. 22a ae saa tees ite ace 698 of. with an Annotated List of 
TAIN A se ee mee ee eae 698 Batrachians and Reptiles Col- 
INGN BION St csec sacle eee oe ee eee 584 lected in the Vicinity of La 
Neoditrems 2c2sscc.. pee rescie moe seeine 304, 355 Guaira, Venezuela, by Leonhard 
TANSONME x cena os Sere 399, 896 Stejmeser:: 3. sss she See os 179 
Neolesbias. tisete re tae ac ae eee ciate 698 -Unfigured, cr Imperfeectly Known 
Neoliparis ...--. Si chia tases nreere | Ae oe RS 351 Shells, Chiefly American, in the 
TMUGOSUSHe <2 ce ease Ace Bal U. S. National Museum, I]lustra- 
INGDDELCISH es screen eel eee eee See 463, 466, 469, 496 tions and Descriptions of, by Wil- 
AUTANTACR cos ece reco eawes 467, 468, 496 liam) Healey Dallas... .c- eee 499 
WOWPASCIita se cee eee 467,468,496 | Newly Found Meteorite from Admire, 
PANGAN Feo cya ayernos a= wares 466 Lyon County, Kansas, A, by George P. 
S@RIASCIALA TS con oani aeons 467,468,496) Merrill. {20 Seo. ames ee rene 907 
INeopltemig ses te t-te ns corer oe nee 698 | Nicobar and Andaman Islands, the Mam- 
INGOLISK net soo Fe oe cin a ose tio mislorarns 699 mals of the, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr..-.-. 751 
Nephilaiplumipesie... co csee east aee ees 221.) Niconiades merenda .<¥ire-....26. sees 439 
NAT CRETE paey hc eer Se parr 221 merendula, new species ...... 439 
Neptunea st e522. .n 2 et ocine eens a O20 521, 530m)" Nieritatdia bolieusi-=.ces eee cence cee 669 
Paitare eye ence ae re ae 20. Nishikewoss es 55 no ean eee 646 
Nehring js oe. 5 cccacewes sees 5380) (NOMeUS 4. se Soa cee see eee 42 
Dehniietl So sen ns eee ee 528 North America, Descriptions of Ney Deca- 
Castanea cain ss sie ae scence 529 pod Crustaceans from the West Coast of, 
ARPA ass. we Moeeeaee ee ese 522 by Many: Rathbun: = 8 eseee. oa eee 885 
berebralisi Sass se ee ear ae 026) }) ANOTODIO VAS peels = cna rsa seinen eee 699 
Neptumella ics chee. cece eee 520°) Notothenlidmzes-22 2. es--c eo eeeeeeee 462, 496 
IN (20 eld: Bag Sep eee ae eg Se eRe eto 57D, | WNOVACULYaeiiueJ ose c eee wee pee eee 654 
INETOPNIS oer coe ere nee tases pe eee 6:.|| INUMenIUS miMutUS = 3242s aece see eee eee 699 
NGSACAIIUMIS orate ate Sie, ee ae 699.-| JNuini dal-csee ss 0 cate ee 668 
NeshiyipHamless +2. am.0 paar oats sae ses 699: <| Nuthatch... 352) 58s ee ee 915 
ENTCSTICN AREY Soho ese cits ce sia aaie Sel sena aeeniss 699) |" Ny ctalatinus. i022 se 2 eee 700 
ESIC Sco Rea aenee Caamet ease etre Ak ese 699 al bipunctatis = =-—-ssesees 700 
INGSOCME Me sooo Set crs jenn an a See eer ee GOON} SN y:C Calle: MNES eter tere cerara tre 700 
INGSOCOILESHS. = 02 sees oectee ee eee ee 699 | Nycticejus temminckii -........:--.2. 22. 778 
INGSUBUS 2 Wo. sca aaisfele a2 aie cn poe an eee 699 | Ny ChCOrax 30.5 tens cron teh ee eee 700 
Niesolliimmmeas's. 22200 pase ns foe co eecuk ose 699 | IniauUstUss sess: eee eee 700 
INEGOMMIMILIS! uo hee cet cate nea Seeeee 699.) Nyctimenéass. oes eo 700 
INESO bin CUS ee anon ieee ete 699.))) Nymph ailitiie' 2-2 -ees-scenos cos eee 383 
MOE WAY Locse. seca see esse 699 | Nymiphalinae-cs222 se. se eee ee 392 
Nebialopexts: 2232.0 ca scste Seen ee ct eee 6990 | Nytoca: <n 9 sone eke eee eee 690 
New American Butterflies, Descriptions | Oberholser, Harry C.,on A Review of the 
of, by William Sehaus ............ 383 . Larks of the Ge- 
New Birds from the Southern United | nus Otocoris.....- 801 
States, Descriptions of Three, by on Catalogue of a 
Bd ranch Means sesn = a) ee 915 Collection of 
New Chilopod from Utah, a, Henicops Hummingbirds 
Dolichopus, by Ralph VY. Cham- from Ecuador and 
Wenlinie ss cesses Bae ete neclatre nee eae 797 Colombia = =e 309 
New Decapod Crustaceans from the West ObiSMOS 22 soe0 be: cee ac eases eae eee 336 
Coast of North America, Descrip- Observatorysseul piss seeseee ae eee 475 
tions of, by Mary J. Rathbun .... 885, |, OGine@ bras ae). ee eae eee ee 533, 535, 539 
New Diptera from Southern Africa, by POUWISONI 5... 50.5.5 see eee 287 
DEW Cog ulllett 5 25: aes eee 27} -Ocreatustcissimpusss ss. eee ee see eee 332 
New Genus of Ostreiform Mollusks from melanantherus 2222-4 oemscee eee 321, 331 
the Cretaceous, Chondrodonta, a, |, Ocypetals.. tac cescsseeena seers eas 690 
with Descriptions of the Genotype |) OC¥PRLES: . .aceessete oes -see soe eee 690 
and a New Species, by Timothy Odocoileus ss 223 <82)\-- «455-2 ese ene 161 
Wi ROLL LOMY Secrets coerce mocteicis eee 301 | Odontamblyopus rubicundus .........--- 128 
New Species, Descriptions of, with a Re- | Odontobutis..6. cnc ce a eee eres 35, 42, 130 
view of the American Moths of ODSCUTUIS | 33.5 So osee eee 42, 43. 130 
the Genus Depressaria Haworth, | Odontophorus spodiostethus .-.......---. 713 
Dy AUSUsStRuselke. a2 Jee. ose ckeceen fol. | \Gdieneniid ist heeceeeee. saeee eee ee 726 
New Species of Algae of the Genus Butho- | Ginicenas 22.252 ssl es Be ee atone ee eee 700 
trephis, Two, from the Upper Silu- | Gnolimmaseet.cget he bet eeeece eee 700 
rian of Indiana, by David White. . 265. | \Ginopopeliays..ateqse eee ieee eee 700 


INDEX. 953 

> Page. Page 
' Oeonus garima, new species --..-.------- ABSE | ONTMISMAI A TORQUE. =o enicin ale oom mcislalenie te cer 325 
Betssehgre dniateO =... 2.02.00. 22 eae - ABS COUNUISUA A Soe ect aes Sa cae: eee eee eRe 666, 721 
BUS he sae Cees Soo en oe oar 355 QIMNISE as sca sane ss ste eee Ae 331 
OP COGE MN ee>. <tr = ocis2 sss. < 362, 377, 381 CLINAMOMECR aac snsee ee oe 666 
Orencepnnlinee =. os5 tts oS ee en 378 Glavisse, -2:<S2-5 si. 5.2 Seen 666 
WECOCEP URIS 22.52 aocc-2cncwactsee seek 378 delphinret-s o.. btes wees eee 319 
REPEC OTetiai Sarge ole po2 ire aaa' cece ses 623 Climieni liliscs So sstee eee eee 317 
(Oo GIGI 30 oe GE eae oes ere Bee 599 @RIMIA~ = coches cosas cece 666 
| STS STEAE, - A 4638 1) 100 eG a eee eee Ieee 340 
MING SATIUIPUMCTISIS= 5 Soe oo wes colts e vs.cielelooe 223 fEMICIAN Gee Locales eee sas 318 
PMU NIS Se oet.  aeee ee eee 223 STOMA ta os < ao eS ee ee ere 721 
On a Stony Meteorite, which Fell Near lumechellla.:.< 2232: sso2-2 eee 666 
Felix, Perry County, Alabama, May 15, MANTOMLAEH = wo neice ae eee 721 
1900; by George P. Merrill .......-.-.-.. 193 MUICLOTNYNENN =55- cs s6-saeeeee 335 
Oneorhynchus): 2: =. 2-=-.--- .. 568, 569, 574,579, 593 MiUUlsantie- oon eke scat oars 341 
ehouiehar. a 222s o5ssen enc 570 CRNONG ar hearin teenies 317 
Borbuseha\= S225) -\52—52-i- 569, 571 DeUMataessces soe eer. - 721 
MAPOM coe eae aes cece a= see 572 ReMMOVIN Gkwitsoneespeenee aseaan 328 
Inetarsaessesersise 25 570, 571, 572, 593 MEStitaes i oe Zeca sae seaeees 721 
kISutGhicu==ss2 570, 571, 572, 574, 593 WeStiial TOsmlINA =~ Soot eee se (pat 
Jagocephalus ......2<2--- 572 | OmMismyiae sess sees eee Sess oe ees 691, 697 
INGROMON..2sebascce aces nce 574,575 CNpripenniss. sSses sa acese 5 697 
MLASOW=2-5~J5- 570, 571, 572, 573, 593 NeterOpOROMra ee asecej- seen 697 
MeVkaeee aie: 569, 570, 571, 575, 593 ALIS soe ya ee Oe eeieae bike ae cele 697 
kennerlyi ..¢222-2-2 575, 577 WING Soccs Sees «2 segs 336 
OQNIEMLAUS Fo o6 Kas. jaeeews 570 mMIChrorynensa <2s-s.-5-s2 asa 697 
PANCIGENS 22. oan ese 575 | paALZud als eo iese ys west t 697 
DOLUY St sooo ee sec ceeee 574 Pitcher aac dee hos se ees owes 697 
PLOLCUS = s-S Ss- cee as 569 | MNS: 2 eee Sac ase eee 697 
PMMA a 52 es ee HAO ROnaiChONESMIUS sonia esis ost ese micsieteis 701 
sanguinolentus........-.- 574 @ltinienlus: -.-.< 225 = esses 701 
SCOUIEDIEe se so. -S22e Se HHS TIOMM MOLINO DUS ers shoes cece nine eco ecm tlate 663 
FSGhawytsche goo) p70, pl. ofarore | KONOMELUUS ols <i a cjeieimeic mele nee eens ore clot ale 701 
{SUPP soe eee Aaa Onpheus melanOtism-s--.2+2o% -<94secee2ee 699 
MESSOCMISIS os sacs atosse =o Sle Kon tn OLMIS MUN CAN Asso cuie == stieieerjein se Ss 165 
(TUR aia) hotles 700 | OnthaeorisCusi s2ss- ee eee tins ~ ete 260 
(CYSTS, © 22 ee rare ere eee 249 | : Salish eee see oe eae ee 261 
(Oye Gaye) Se ae ee 461 | FaASClatNs ase oust ate ec 261 
PREP VOOURIS ss4= 58s oene a=. 55st 5. 700 | HOC seco BPeaeen oes come 260 
MWNIEVORRSNG oe smee ce es eli cac slo aein cuisine 182 STMMOSUSIE: Sao sateen < 261 
BOpnthalmolepis,- 22. iss- cas e est ee OSU O GN O CHOUMISS seer =m nee ere r eee 689, 701 
. Ophthalmolepis lineolata ..........-...-.- 641 PRINCUS:. So sc2nile ose acts se 701 
OMistbistivs tabmMel, <2) 2%.--< 2522 -25---22- GO7 PiOrtholo pus aes a eae eres a pelmceie sienna 701 
Sipiswhodactylusssss\:- S35 S555. ss. Sew 700 Orthorhynchus amethysticollis .....-.--. 33: 
MAAS OMIGUS{-oe. 9 ee Use 700 | Gites Gece es sbccbseeee se 665 
Mmisthopmathide 25... 2 2ea2-225--- 462,491,497 | Orthragoriscus -...-..-.----------+:--->-- 260 
iP SHiO HUGLbWAG  Sae> mm = 5 = 2 wee mic cieelas, 492 cilosehotolial chee aeoecacerc 261 
Opisthoprora euryptera.....-- te ease 336 Patiliteen ree ee oats eretete ore > 261 
WMOPMOMO =~ c=: see - 2 Saas 22 ses ce see ss 904 DIO CMe eee osanclcsans « 261 
\OSUQIINN 2, =< 53 Se a eee ae a 136 elesamsiie 5.5. sce ss occcs- 261 
DUDS ten | SSeS ee Sa 539 OMI a os ee cece csis ese 261 
SENT HUISS i= sto). sto a's 2 se eis bse ieioeoe atin eels 231 Ine one resecesacoessmeds 261 
rer Oia tee ae oo oes cccs sass awece 885 AUNIVETIS Reet cee -12-'s so = 261 
bifurca, new species ......-....- 885 INO) Asso ticclerreeersisaata ss 260 
(TREATISES REST 0 22) Re 339 . OGuUleatUSe ce oaks osama an 261 
MInPORUIS(GS es 220-156 sis SS= oee ee nineties 700 OZOGUIPA See ae haere ocis i=. 261 
RENE ODSiec 5-5 oo-e oa -ee ec oee = 700 TOG ee eee = aaciwcicie seein 261 
MNP OSIZBe cle ne wie saiarsais = = oie - is meee 700, 701 eA 4 bee See aaa eae 261 
RUMI ON OSA = sees se . oto cic 700 (590002) (21) Wee eeeeeee 261 
COUPES EPSUIRLUND ce Sy ei te SS i ia ea 700,701 | SOS Sytner a lctshs a:a:stalsie'aie 261 
Oreotrochilus chimborazo......---------- SP POPC TASS recs sates sii <ysicie nie «selene cee 260 
jamesonii ..... 322 INANE ee ree earn iais aimche'wicls)<'<fn0 260 
JARBESOM Tes Oe Se aoe eee 322 | TiVo Cina o een Gate cesecanee 260 
OOTTEte CI Be 9 ase oi ee ne 63 (COFSHECIGbS pobre s eos ae Seba cenetesoetsc 701 
PREM e ONE ae ae siac\s <2 «= 2-2 Saeco OSM MORI ODSiee meee 2 a ease icine a= 701 
SER GM ge ce ee ea ea 701 | Ortyx thoracicus = .-..- wt sata an eta eteisiais oe 676 
Bee Ornismita paradisaca-.-.2.....-5---2-.65-- Ble) 9) COUN O ne Ae aaa eee See Oee eeboreadae 701 

al 


954 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Oryzivors JEUCOUISsseae ence sae eee eee ae. 701 | Otocoris alpestris chrysolema.......- 807, 830, 831, _ 
Oryzomysimardalinteecs esse eesee eee 142, 143 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, S46, 847, 
medius, new speciés.-----..-.- 142, 143 $48, 849, 851, 853, 855, 857, 862 
mollipwWosusite. asses. see ees =e 142, 148 diaphora, new subspe- 
OSGUPOSS4 55Set sakes enone oben noeeaeneee 330 Giles) tPSyee svete vce 806, 
Osmeris iys gees Sh temes cee sence eee 586 829, 830, 831, 832, 844, 845 
€perlanuss=sosc chockec-teceeees 586 enthymia, new subspe- 
OSMCRUS23 5-22 eee noes sane eoreaceees 586, 593 Giesiict te. o eee i 807, 
Gentex sseonsasen seaeee stones 587, 593 817, 819, 820, 823, 827, 830, 865 
eperlanus:i.j23.4o-coee eek see see 587 favaieeesseee i: MESS 807, 
JAPOMICUS.32 << 2e eee see ee eset 589 $10, 812, 866, 867, 868, 879 
OTANIS sacseee dos cecee eee eee 588, 589 PUPA. ose sete ses 806, 
OPOdOnAMes a5 secon eee one 589 819, 821, 830, 831, 832, 833, 844 
Osorhormiietero peace. seek ee eee eens 161 hoytis a osse- thar ae ee _ 806, 809, 
OsOrOkOmaiE SS teccacn ese keer cere eee 582 $12, 813, 814, 815, 816, $17, 
OsteOmmistsekt sn cea san ws eee Shoes ee oes 701 819, 822, 827, 832, 834, 838 
PNCERVOOL Sseccsdahe sucscccsseae 701 iNSularis eee eee eee $06, 
OStiaRiUS Sst: tase cs se aacn one ee ees 701 839, 840, 841, 843, 852 
Ostinopsidecumaniis=2-s220 senses eee 175 leucansiptila, new sub- 
Oleaeinieus; c+: yee eee es 175 Species? -iJosthe nee 806, 
OStFACIONVDOOPS, A524 ee sue seer anne 261 $23, 824, 860, 862, 864, 865, 866 
eatheoplateus subrotundus ...-. 260 leucolema .... 807,812,814, 815, 
oblongus holacanthus ........- 257 $16, 817, 819, 820, 822, 823, 824, 
Ostneas assez anestree ssc seeceeaeseoet eee 301, 303 825, 827, 830, 832, 833, 834, 835, 
Gib, IMUNSONIAe= css see es cee eeoe 302, 305 $36, 850, 851, 857, 858, S62, 865 
JOANN 22h sc2 Seat oe eee eeees 301, 302, 301, 305 merrill 358s2 eee eee a 807, 
MUNSON Ieeass ek eee ae 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 817, 822, 823, 8380, 833, 834, 835, 
MUMISOMW ie Saas eae eae ae Bose 305 $36,837, 838, 840, 848, 847, 853 
\Wabeet ll ae nec aoe aacee ch ciScaSDoree 306 O& RACH =. 2 esos. ee seen 806, 822, 
Ostreiform mollusks from the Cretaceous, 830, 842, 844, 847, 850, 853, 
SMINEWS SCUUS Olena es cee eee eee ane 301 854, 855, 856, 857, 859, 862 
Ophyphantes; =:2252-se2seschtene tee ene 702 occidentalis.......-- -- 806, 823, 
Oud ese Coe eae ae ee ss sae eee se eee 726 524, 830, 850, 855, 857, 
Otisibenealensisi. 24.25.22. uke sense coe 688 858, 860, 862, 864, 865 
NMS Seneca scescceeleece aceon oe 699 pallida 34a eee 806, 845, 
WIS OLS Ss sh cca. eee eh kee ek ee See 687 848, 854, 855, 862, 863, 864, 865 
OlOtoris: See os Ee ee 84, 805, 811, peregrina .......... 806, 841, 842 
823, 824, 842, 848, 853, 865, 866, 869, 880 praticola ...-.. 807, 808, 809, 819, 


a Review of the Larks of the Ge- 


nus, by Harry C. Oberholser -. S01 
ACHAS ee tee ease Behe Reh 806, 881, 883 
AGUS ta so. a ee 806, 881, 883 
albipulace 33 kect Saeco etee eee 872, 874, 875 
UIPESUNISER See. Zacee ote 805, 806, 807, 808, 


$09,810, 811,812, 813, 814, 

$17, 819, 822, 827, 832, 834, 

838, 846, 857, 860, 866, 867, 

x 868, 873, 876, 880, 881, S82 
actia, new subspecies .. 806, 822, 
830, 836, 838, 840, 841, 844, 

845, 847, 848, 850, 851, 852, 

853, 855, 857, 859, 862, 865 

adusta. .806, $22, 830, 848, 850, 855, 
857, 858, $59, 860, 862, 864, 865 
alpestris... 806,807, 809, 810, 811, 


812, 813. 814, 819, 822, 827, 832, | 


dakdy ow 


834, 838, 857, 860, 867, 868, 870 | 


ammophila, new sub- 
species ...... 806, 807, 823, 830, 
848, 849, 851, 855, 862, 864, 865 

aphrasta, new subspe- 
(ESR ReSHenGR A oeareee 806, 820, 
830, 844, 845, 858, 860, 862, 863 

arcticola, new subspe- 
cies.....- 806, 813, 814, 815, 816, 
817, 819, 821, 827, 832, 833, 834 
arenicola .. 820,823, 849, 851, 857 


821, 822, 823, 825, 827, 828, 829, 
830, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 838 


TUbes-2222..553320 eee 806, 836, 
847, 848, 851, 852, 853, 854, 859 
Strigatac: 52.5 Sore 806, 835, 


$36, 537, 838, 839, 840, 
841, 843, 847, 852, 843 


var. peregrina ....--..- 841 
ammophilase. eee eee 806, 807, 881, 883. 
aphrastacieon ee ce eee 806, $81, 883 
AECLICOIH Meester 806, 881, 882 
arpaleay. on Coes. see 805, 882, 883 
atlases eee ee 806, 811, 866, 881, 883 
baleanicead 22.4 wk eee 805, 882, 883 
berlepschiseaes=see 805, 876, 879, 882, 883 
bICOMnISs Sees eee 805, 882, 883 
bilopha...... 806, 873, 874, 879, 880, 882, 883 
chrysoleemaiesscs soe eee 807, 881, 883 
Giaphoray-s sss oe eee 806, 881, 882 
MIT tae Pa ee eee 806, 882, 883 
CLWieST cS ch ccho. Tees Gee eas 806, 

866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 873, S82, 883 
enthymid sane eae eee 807, 881, 882 
HAVER ee See PRS cso ae hee Sues 807, 881, 882 
giraudis: share Saseoee eee eae 806, 851, 882 
hoy tierce) sees ee eee 806, 881, 882 
INSUPATIS eeeke ce ae ee nee 806, S81, S82 
Lr uata ce ae 874, 875, 676 


levucansiptilasea-: se aoeeeee 806, 881, 883 


. 


INDEX. 955 © 
Page. | Page 

Otocoris leucolema ...............--- SOM S8lveeen | OLOCOLYX <tc bc =. cace sect sess cas eeeweeee 805 
MOM RAKOSUIS mses ce nec nese = <n S060 jnOvoidelasce's: 22580 oo) = a eeat cece ae 249 
SIM AGR SETA BOS) BON STON IO VOldess 2 6..2..e2e. cee see oenscate 249, 250, 264 
871,873, 874, 876, 882, 883 NREMEOQNS ins Soc eco se eee eee oee 2538, 254 
argalea, new subspe- Ophrvastise2 se. os eee eee eee 253, 254 
CleSie se se BUG OO, GML Oia) I OVUM Gs 22 ewer cs ke cee ne occas aoses 249 
BIWESTAILE shew cites 806, GOMYMETSOMI 2-2 = soe he ete ee eee 249 
S60, 868; S69, S705S8al, S73- |) Owenormiss tcc. . 22.2 2 - cite ote see's Dees 702 
longirostris..... _ 806, 811, 867, SUAS Sees! see est chon cee 702 
$68, 869, 870, 871, 873, 874,876 | Oxybelis acuminatus................-..-- 191 
perissa, new subspe- Oxycheminus cee caso cen ecw 653 
cies ... 806, 869, 870,871,873 | ANCUAUIS 2s stot ere 653 
SIDITICH Soe Se see eeis 806, | Oxymetopontinge-: =e. se tee Meee ee 34 
STIG ToT OTST COMI OX VODES Seon. eee ee eee a tae 224 
MOV aaaecies sess sae sss 807, 881, 882 PLAGiUIS: Vn ee eee ee eS 224 
URAC Vern ceecamcicicccicle fee ei 806, 881, 883 | SHIPMCUS Tec ceewek coke eee eases 224 
pccidentalis = 2... 22222 -.5.05-.- EMnSS | COPA OOS h Gees eaSce soe Secepsedsscases saa 224 
$23°'$24.-8305850, 800,807, |) Oxypelia: 22. 2- acess ~ oe coe ae oecio ees 702 
Saar GEONS64" Geo, Gl, O83 yleOkcypters ©. 2cst a es Seas 672 
PLEOOEAMI ha soe a oh eS cle cie's BOGS S82 1883" PO xynnOpus: so-so eect ee cee eae tere nee 187 
MUNCH soc eeceS sees cae nos 6 806, 881, 883 | CONTE ISS es aaa fe tees eee 188 
penicillata.. 805, 811, 866, 867, 870, 872, 874, | semicinectus......... 189 
LD OLOL Se ha SiOs Slo; Sor BOS a. OX MUTA, Goa ce sec ceccerce nececicesonten econ a 707 
baleanica ........ SUSHI || Ob abd UC aaa ceo eae eso aeaeseos fae Sac 668 
bicornis.....- 805, 877,878, 879 | Oyabitsuchiya.......-------.------------- 608 
UNITE a- Seems SHON ST ore.. | MO ZOGUMTAS tea ck. acne sae sloaisclersisiere ae = ere 260 
oreodrama, new sub- MUO ATs cccewetteces eee e emcee 260 
species ..... 806, 876, 877, 878 OLSIDI Meee eome ne ce atece eee 260, 261 
penicillata .- 805, 211,867,870, | Pachycephalixus.....--...-:-.5.-..22:-5- 702 
ST49879,876;.9115 0735 819, G00 | PACHYOIMIS).<.c.22ss152-2-seseccs-ce2- 222% 702 
MELCe TING «se aots aes =se = SUG, Sele Seon eaGhy PORES ao. ee oes cc see siccs ume ae 702 
WRGEISSHE eet ee rte eto as 806, 882,883 | Pachyrhamphus albinucha .............- 709, 721 
(DIMT ef bee ee eee 807, 881, 882 | Pachysoma giganteum ....--.......-. 786, 787, 795 
SHE OTE} a re i eee er ed 806, 881, 883 SCHErZOnl eke ee eee eee 788, 795 
SOM Tie deen BS ese Tae Sooo nA aSSeeae STAT Sion Pach Yura MmMNUTine cess sen asc sn-eeeee 77 
RUN Cee ee sete ee a lcecycrae les 806, 882,883 | Padraona calcarea, new species....:.-.-- 454 
ERIS Mise aa rs Pose ict kn ne 806, 881, 882 radiata, new species ........--- 455 
PELES CIN s ae Nea ee re He 870 Sartia, new species...2..25--2.- 454 
“OG (OMNIS 3658665554 0qse SeSp UE eSGs SEeeeee S0dPaeod ular 2 -~ 2th. = nce eter ee cere 534, 539, 540 
(SO UCTIN SA. ASS Base Sonos one Sap AC Osea 805 | Palemonetes kadiakensis, new species... 903 
MD IPU Breyer cist tae hacelte nas 872) |) Palsemonide..------- 4... = Sn nea 903 
SUIPESUMIST- (ics te ea aise isic Se ceecie SOT OLOM|| SPalseoO-CASUarIUS. ---— asses eme eee 702 
arenicola...... C20 RRP" Boos GOD) PaleeOClCONID sae oon ee ae eee se eee 702 
chrysolema 3.22 o-22-2 $42 | , aUStralis Se Seok cee ae 702 
SINAUGIS ons ease tel se Soleus PaleeOcolymDUSt 22sec eee eeetee = nce ar 702 
fewcolsemia --2..22 =e -- 812,816 | barrett: <.o8-see-ee ser 702 
PratiGolwi se: ste B2o Pal eGCOLRA Kea set ce Seco secon ot een oe 702 
MUOWCUS Fee ceca: cee 845; Sol ae Palseoen yplOMMNe oe ete cee eee ones 702 
SORE iE a eee ee ae 837 | Gonmezami 2225-22. 25.<5 - 702 
BIS Woes snc ects cc aeaces sq} o| JAMA HOA 5 she oe coe beoeseecs ase naseasae 702 
Memlopsciiren sso 2set Nef ec . tacia'd 879 DUINGEDS) ssn eee es 702 
PMO Mae erans a5 se een ee S73ulebalscolimuass + oes. coca ha eee oo 703 
PALA Clitsierceroccin ace csiite sense ne S72); 873e\Paleopelarsuse. = 2u-<.<ssee- eee sence = 703 
CTL SU i ee Sees a 876, 877, 318 | MODMIS4 Asoo eae 703 
Plesina eee sa he ca ce eee ees 868,873. | -balccosphenis@us: =. --2s-ta=-sasscee= -< 703 
longirostris.-....:.-- 867, 869, 873, 874, 876 AMPANChH GUS eesse eee = =r - 703, 704 
MPUMTONG craic ces sie cies .... 868, 869 patagonicus .......-.--- 703 
TESST 0 6) peli Sea eee I ae S7oreris |e aleOveLnixcce coe eee Cee cee eee cet cree 703 
AE eral ce ew Ck w eee cies 872, 873 fa ea Seee ee pee ae eee 703 
penicillata ...... SE pro er MH MCrteeenirh) |) TERE WSUS 5 So = apes Ae Oe ee 703 
PT SELEC Oya eevee ta 874 Jig ay Spe 3 es ee a eae 703 
transcaspica.......-.. 874 | Palamopus ...... BE See i cee aoe a aoe ois 663 
War: DICOTNIS es a=" Sica ee yee eates ee erates lataie, w-cyolcintarciesa)eic aisie\e'eita's 260 
MCLCOMIMAL Ss coc. cinacs- se ob eeee ae 841 [EEUU ENS) se ee nt Sey ee 260, 261 
MELOMMU Ae Soe oe sects sec er FSFE}, 41 ERD ITESISS (cil 0 ce le a ey a 703 
SUDIDICD wos ae me oa S50 ae See kee Sree ay east = ct. oss 5 Seas Sere cee eee ae: 172 
PELOSCHOW les oa oweci- ss as5 45555 SOS. Ode ee wl CRMs tas < sarise s cindesie ewes aie 703 


956 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Pailin Gri apm apis eres cele eee 703 | Parapercis hexophthalma.........-.. 463, 466, 496 
Paloyblaneoye.. eee cee eee : 330 miu tiiasciatals se seese seme aee 468 
Paludestrima ...-..25..-2. 272,270, 276, 277,/279) 207 ommatura, new species... 463, 465, 496 
long inguals.-s--e—se 279, 284, 285, 287 pulehell avira rerwenst cree 4163, 466, 496 
PIOLCA aset saci sae ae eee 284, TAMSMYVIl Fe Se see eee eee 466 
285, 298, 277, 279, 280, 282, 283 sexfasciatus iietencecse eee eee 467 
Paludestninces 2st eee eset ae id, 270,294, ||, Parapomacentrus: sc. seciaecees> eee Bees 600 
Paltimbentiisccesacoccee eee oases eee 674 Moly Memes a- see eee 600 
Palm pists) oe cn cetins eeeiacmett meeseieere 703. | Paraptenodytess.. 5-04.45 oe ot eee 703, 704 
Pata 2.5 Seb ess eee ee ase ee 1037150). Pardaliparus)4..- sesso. a eee meee 704 
Pandallidses: 95. ae eee eae ae ees EN ean 900 | Pardosa porto-ricensis, new species. ...-.. 224 
Pandalopsis aleutica, new species.....-..- 901, 902):| Paridee) .25se eo ees cere ae 726 
MM plas saeco s os ce es aeeeeee 901)), Parnopio saiase2 s.,-- epee eee 704 
dispar, new species. .----—- -. 902 | Parra africana......- Saco seas eee 706 
lamelligerac so-so ase eee 901 variabilis ...-. Seeks. aes eee 668 
longirostris, new species -.-. 902°) Parrotihishesaiink oe. wee eee ase eee 656 
TpandaluS WOreRlist cece scsseo selon ats 900:)|. Ramis caudatus: 2423 sete shoe oe eee 670 
(OU hah: Siegel eae Se era cs Ane 901 ClO AN Ses. swteslslne scnsene See eee 704 
jordani, new species...-...---.- 901 pend ulinUs-sa S253 cee eseeee 712 
x IMOMtAS Ud ae ee see ees ae 9015 |" Bary phephoruss ies sec. sce et eee 704 
tridens, new sub- | asi hceal a UUM ROS tee eee 905 
SPEClESHeeaseceeaer 901 | affinis, new species... =.-<-2-5 905 
stenolepis, new species .....-.- 901 corteziana, new species .....--. 905 
Pandora: DUSHIAN ae js aceue cose eee eee 511, 563 emarginata, new species.....-. 905 
POULMIANA Hs st ee eater = 511, 564 TAXON J) c See ee oe ee 905 
[Sev bhovery (hpi eee Rem ier eee 511, 963 paciica, Mew SpeGiess esse ase 905 
anomie euaNp lass. came aece. cae bee 560;°565)3// Pasiphcerdsey 2’... saeen cet ean ea aes 904 
PANO pea TIOLVESICH teins eae e seem = 560° | APastons vss. eeimsece cake ence cen eee eee 704 
Panopea 'SeNETOSA a A see cee nce sete ies 560, 965 fUSGUS se. a2. oe scccenee ees cece eee 665 
SIODOSA sce et eae scene eee 560), 000) *Pata somal nic ashe ee eee eae 315, 316, 321 
Panvehlorastenlrars n= 20) sss ee eeaee 318) | Patazormise-o: oes. ante Se See ey (0! 
Papias ctyanus, new species....---.-.---- 447 marshy. FAS sy ss eee ae ee 704 
sobrinus, new species .........2-.- 448) | Patellalialternaters. 22-5 --os seers 501 
tristissimus, new species ...-...--- 447 | Patulastra pugetemsis| 25: 2-ssaso-oeseeeee 500 
Papilio socama, new species.-......---.---- 424" || “Pecho blanco. 2s: teen seca ese 823 
Rapilionidee 7 cots cece sore eeecee eee ee 423 Cifeedcs 32355. 22 eens eee aoe 328 
PAMUTOMINES 2 etec se seca ae See ae eee 424 | Pectenidayidsoni-.--225..2-2--25- eee 599, 565 
Bakrehseturichthys =. assces o-oo 36, 103, 131 gibbus, var. amplicostatus........ 507, 564 
POLYNEMUS: sssse55—" 103, 131 randolphie.c4: 7: <4 Seue- see oe 5d9, O65 
Baradlodoni=s.s essen be ascicie<eeecieesiemes 256; Peetinidde:.,.:2=.22e-c.5-2-- cesar eee 302 
VStrimes sh Sete seers 256") “Pee@uarius: os: sccic os et secs aet eo eee eee 704 
quadrimaculatus............-. 20% | Pedailions « -.2.23..c-se3 2ee oc ace oe seer eae 260 
Paradisea quilielmi-~ |. 222 32--s-c2ee nse 719).| Pedicularia califormica=-22.6s2-o0 seeeeee 5d0, 565 
Baradiserdserzce- = cee sash sense 726 | Pediculate Fishes, or Anglers of Japan, a 
ParadoOxOrnis’ (22-2. <a<qeecceceeeeaseeie as 667 Review of the, by David Starr Jordan 
Tf CepsSs220ss ae eee aca 714 | assisted by Michitaro Sindo .........-.. 361 
IPS raclORUGS $e oes oe ees ee ae ee Wid | Regiculaticn. -. 5556 asec eee oes 361, 362 
STAY ISS soko ee oe aes aets 719),798' | sPedilorhyn Chus) 22 264. seeeee eee 704 
MIMSANY clara eseee scree 772, 794 Stulhiimemniy 2267 seseceee 704 
LY PUS) sees) stesreicisacinreciacinoe as 772. | Pegasidte t.2. Soo2..22 sis ac be cee eee Leal 
* CVULERU Ease 172,792, 793,794, 795. | “PO gasuS2: 64 oc= 22 ce = space ete eee 2) 
Parag ly plidodone daa. 2 tems aseees eee 605 Graconise: 32. See Seca sees 2 
bonaners-a toe a ae 605, 606 VOl@MS ee] fea oe oe ee eer 2 
AMA SO DIS ceo so-a.c18 coe Ce eos ees ear 72°] Pelagormiss. cose: jest Seton ee eee 681, 704 
BAM Sires ates sis rerara ave mols a /a,5 eee 636 Darrettis <.2c2.n: ese eieee eee 704 
MoecilOpverUs!.. 352 sons cee eee 636. | RelarsOcrek.. soe eseeeoe ae eee 704 
Reoiraulip anys were seas e eiste eerste cee ae 348.) ‘Pelargodesics 2-02 .-ceh weep ese eee enesee 704 
PAPAYA: cram aeethe creep ecie screen ieeioioe 703. | PelarsopappuUsics. 2-5-2 saree eee ete 704, 705 
NVOUMOLUIM ES fee a eee eas 703 | PelargopsiSisca-aeneceene seo eee 704, 705 
lea weed CuNKG Uae. SRS BCE Re Re eae ae 703, 726 | MAGMA. SAN sateen eee 705 
Parapasiphee pilesil- cc. -cossec = cb so-58 904 | Pelasgia,-2:ces cn -chaseneeesaote see 705 
serrata, new species ........ 904 | Pelecanidees 2c. sc tac cSecnmane-e eee 164, 726 
ATANCS ASUS paces ez er ace eee cara as 2 | \Pelecantis: Catbo ms an-enes ee ose etee eer 688 
MATAM Siemens ees ae are 2 graculuseaseteace aes ecaaes 685 
Parapercis: <..%-6a.:>-sae~ ose 463, 466, 467, 469, 496 OCCidentalis: seee- se see eeeeea 164 
QUVANTACAeRese=c semen ese 468. |" Peléeyornisact.a--ssscese ee eee eee ee 705, 710 
GYM GriGa ye ewes sic series wie cieiere 463. | “Pelecy Pode ssceceeees see ce ee ee eee 508 


4 


: 


INDEX. it 

‘ Page. Page. 
_ Pellicia bipuncta, new species ........--- 430 | Phalangium palmatum ...-............... 226 
: capitans, new species.....-.....- 250 ee rrell CO PEETLUS sah coco seat oe cee oem eee 701 
Costimaculasc ses55-eccgeeeee es ee 430 8 REM erOGOn= 336 5. Sec oo ssa eeeeiee ere 304 

MEY AEST OUIS tors wyeie alec ec aictney ete oe 430 | Phanis cumbre, new species ........----- 445 
vecina, new species..........---- 430 tavola, new species..............- 445 
RMU ASE Ga fa cose ba kecbecneeee « 705 Rharynrornathits-<-2-- 2a. -< 0c ae coe oes 353 
Peueetildsieme esas ea Sess access scalese es ee S874 PE DaSlanidees 22... sss ss oeete 2 Sh eee 726 
PEHGNECHIODSIS: S52. -66 22-252 s-n-es 705 | Phasianus erythrophthalmus ..... ES 688 
Peramys brevicaudatus .............-..-- 138 | MCORP TIS. Mewes a= cae eee 684 
PPRYCAMUOUULE ty aciora's < win <lois oe coins co ante'ediowes GOs Phase crock noe cocoon sae ee ae eee eee 706 
[GMI Rise sats yo alana os oe Sao 598 | Phemiades jamaicensis, new species....- 440 
Perciform fishes of diverse affinities. ..... AO ELAM MUS see seve cel. Pane Selo ne ee eee 803 
LP SIOTSY o> 2a) See oa ee 463") Philander philander’s.2...==-:-6s-2-s--22 138 
HUNG ENIAC: 715 22.255 ok age else le 4667 ROUErEMOS!. Soene ose oe foes sec eeee eee 805 
OWE C MALIN 5 ocia:snco cae ays 4S vrata “466 GIPEStrissess. 2 ssek Sasso ees 879 
TG SUS) eS ee ee 463 DPIC ORNISM 55. Ses eee ee ee 878, 879 
Teli Qa CC Ae eer 468 MULE SCENS see cee aan see 810, 812, 879 
polyophthalma:.2:2< 222.220.5556. 466 SENS! Seat te cee see ee ee 810, 812 
PMCREW a emer. wetcle ces te see Absa Philere mus sscorc- ceees seen ese eaters 805 
RESHMA EASE care ace Secisa el rari al Aah 1 Ko) os cha eee ae ae ee 8 ee ee 507 
PERCU G en eek ssa sec ccc cece saeticcecsc ee ce 461 atlanticares cesses meee 507, 564 
TPE RTITELD Do an B05. 40 Le ROME) Resse sas eee tin non Sasee someone 706 
Perichares triplaga, new species -......-- 460 | Phlebodes chittara, new species.......--- 444 
PE MIOWIMGE BMT 2! 2 metarsie «xeon 51S s)s'<'s 30 fartuga, new species -....-.--- 445 
Periophthalmodon schlosseri..........-.. 49 gulala, new species ........-.. 444 
PENOPRENAlMUS =. 2.22. Soe 225- 55 ee 35, 47, 49, 130 metonidia, new species .....-- 444 
cantonensis! =. .2 2: 2.2225. AGRISOG MEDIEXISE Sasg see amocc cs ese sheee eee eee 676 
kcelreuteri, var. modestus 49) Phlogouenasihoedti ss: = 222528 csc ses ee eee 666 
modestus):.56-2sccs8 ss 49 | Phceenicopheus erythrognathus ........-- 720 
Papilio. ..5- 250552 sees AD es Neen GOPteMmad cerns esse este cel cccese eee 726 
POMMOMM Ene accesses tees Asse venama DIOR IPNCeMICMUUS ares ase cee es tes = secin se someone 706 
(ELIAS SCCPer O10 IP se es eee ae 671, 705 buiieilartascsa225 sane ee 706 
IPRTISSOLIMGs wie a'eejsce ene cisese ses ste seissee oe WOOF ENOCERORDIS Satce ssc stc ee -cses seca eee ssc 312 
INSSOS IAMS oo, seercirn oo oe caine cieekie wai 705 AMIAMLAm -=45 2 Sess s eee ees 314 
Renistera? 330.5 Ss2cn. ates a ee eae oe Seana 674 eriseomularists:-acceese-<- = =. 318, 314 
CMONTTODIS ee ncisnsemas Sake See ose 702 hISPIGUS <2 hehe sesceees esse 313 
ECRISHOTIGCOME Ne Dats hake Aloe Saicca abode noes 166, 726 LONGINOSULIS ee sone eee ek 312,313 
EOLOpLeny x CAME «n=. ce-2oecaneee eee 158, 159 | oye) 0) GPE ee ie Sheol 
Keapplenins sais fe asec oes 158, 159, 160 bolivianus ....-- 313 
PeSEBOUMED PLIS e aece osc es ciee< cance ee ees 690 longirostris ....- 312,313 
AELSTS(0] 5) 00) Co Se 28 Sa Oe 321 mexicanus...... 312, 313 
TO] ATR Se ee a ae Sa 320, 321 SUSNITUS=2-2----3 313 
OPEOMESOD mst eo aoe scice estat gecesi eee 658 Striismlariss<-e2oe o-sees eee 314 
PSUEACUSEss28.o5 fe<c ae ese 658 atrimentalis ..... 313 
ROP MCOUAS se acon SoA Seo ta ec wcee cece 705 SyrMeatophorvs:se+a- secs eee 313 
IGT ya GA Sean Rane each ect e ie 705 berlepsehi... 313 
Pheolzema cervinigularis ..........:..... 323 HTUQUISE = Ree ee eeee tee eee e 312,313 
Le EHIOS WZ ae Sige oS ae A a WOSPIEENOICIRG sae heerecee eee weeteee seen a oe eee 219 
PBOMENSIS eee ve kw cc cles ence (05. |) PhoOlGusiGonVeRuS =) ==55--622ss2 bees scese = 219 
LPS RELI] AYO) 0 900 br Dae eee Oe PEON Siar eminent tee a 2 ee cence Eee 706 
LE LA EU Gyo 11k: pe 172 DTN Nea -27..8 =o sseaee ates 706 
ALMULCMTALISS 2 <r ase seek ec S13 314 EHO orniIsmuUbritrons: <2.52--aceses-ne ese 713 
UAE UIST see eae oe ae ee 172-|sPhororhacidey. ssc... k.see nose Ae a Ae 728 
ARON). eae eee oe eee Side ME HOLORUSCIS: <2o8) os cae ee eee eee ee eee 706 
WER epSChi-S. 2 sees se ese eiteS Sl dy | PEHOROMn ACOs! =. <2 ssc =s=e sone ane eee 706 
SMISCOPUIATIS\.2c once tae cence SISe men OrusrbAaGoss geen tee ee eee ae 706 
SMPELCIMTOSUS! Ss. k). a cea eee cces 72 JONGISSIMMUS eee esos ee oe 706 
MERU UU aoe Nos She ccs Sees SIP allo Sah A Gan Eas Cates aos Ieee oe a ee 226 

RACLOMMIS MIGHIGUS o .Le-o. ccs. cece S130 oehrynonax euentheni:-s25.22-.25<2----< 186 
Phaiolaima equatorialis -.............-.- 323, 324 lyoni, new species ........--- 185, 186 
eervinieularis ...-22-.2.¢ S09 d205024—|= Phry nus palmatus: 4... 22. .s 2.2 eee ete 226 

isi) ayfraYoy (6 (Se as 323,324 | Phyciodes brancodia, new species.....-.- 394 
PAG ACTOCOTRCIO IO ie cos es esse eecee 726 carigia, new species....--....- 395 
PPPACLOCOLUK = cea. 222222 oss vo2 cc seccee 703 fellula, new species .....-.---- 393 
HSH Soa Bees eae 698 IMMUN set =e aac eee aae ste ceess 393 

perspicillatuss. 2.2. cs5.65. 703 orticas, new species ....-.-...- 394 

RRR CE = ce eee ces Se do asso a asesee 226 sejona, new species ..........- 393 


958 INDEX. : 
Page. Page. 
Phyciodes tuleise. sees seenc-teseeiece eee 304 | SPipistrellus:tenuis ass 252-2 eee eee eeeee 792,795. 
Phyllobates trinitatis ............2..2..2- 179 ticKelis csc go-2 ee 779, 792, 793 
Phy llopezus!. 5 23.5. nema ek see 664;,706"| SP iprartalbiirons =. ssa ee oe eee a eee 
Phyllorhinsibicolorss 2 eee eee (81 19351094 N| PLDT Gee Las ease Sethe eee ee eee cre 173, 
IMCODATENSIS er sae ee (81,-793;,494" ||| SP ireng a! ard CNS. . 52. sci seacesee aoe 
Phyllostoma, hastatumipeeessseeoeeeeeeee ee ADDN BRINE OS Che ae ae a 2 Seta 535, 542 
Physae 275;279;,287, 288, 290, 291 292 293204205). 299) | hisymolimmass.-. 2.0225 setae. eaeee aeeee 
SBAta so. See oS sase ce ee ste ec 289 | Pitangus derbianus rufipennis............ 
HM PUllECedeceseses see eos 289;29352995| (bith ecop hats: = ce oe saeco ees 
auiCillanigs tse yen aa ee ga eos 299 emery ae: 2 oy. eee 
QUTBINGLS, oes ca se eases yaa se eel PERM Wabittace 22a 2 scan oe eee 684, 690, 697, 701, 711 
PULC A soso see we eee ee ees 292 ATQUUS 22 fo Eh. coeesn = See ae 
Canhtoniozs.2 3 -as -semarat eae 291, 292 cucullata, =: S.2Rcue eee eee 
GOSURIN Rs 5) 3. cee deta Sana paceeers 290 CliOt. . = tac eecls see eee 
diaphana.ss22 oe. see see eee 289 WIS sen lone cee coe cece eee 
GiStiniguemd anes sed memes aces 289) |S Pibtasom ales. cco eae ene sie Soe 
Gllipticas costa oot ee 4 ee eM O88 ill SPTbidees us 2255. ae 
Pb Diletta ke ose eee 289,299 | Plagioctenium gibbus var. amplicostatus. 507, 564 
SVT aa cece seks aaa 288; 292.293.294.299) ,| Pla oiospizal 2222265645 coco Ree eee 7 
Varnelliptien, 26-1 see 293:|| "Blametis:=: 22.2.2 52 case. cea eee 
MeterostroplhAweaancs- ss se 288, 292294299 || sPlanorbed)- =..ccn =. seemeneelee nee eee 296 
humerosa ......--- 2873980; '993 20459054000) n Mam Or DiS eee eee es ee ee 279, 287, 296 
lordiz gi s3e2/ hss ase oases 289, 290, 294, 299 aMMiON). cute ee eee 287, 296 
malleatas: iis: Ssetoe ase bees Sees 291 eracilentus:.--> --s-cepeeeereee 
MGxIGAIA Aveo P oe es 289, 290, 294, 299 liebmenii 223.5! eee 
MITENS ieee a econ mee Eee 289, 299 OriVOlvis:.25.c.2:pe. 5) Seeeeeeees 
OD ESNet lets Cie ee eee 299° | Blataleidte too 35: sce ee eee 1 secs 
OSGUIANS io SS Sees sel oe ae serene 289; 299) | Plataneros mesos) 52225 -eeceeen a ee es 
Philippi 2 sa8 asses eet Saas 290° | Platycephalus sihamus'!.-.--2-2 2-52 -.-eee 
Diente a cy2 oo sere, See eee ones 290; 291s): “Platvelossus 25. 2<..2a55- eee ee eee 635, 636 
SOM asst sees scenes BS RA eet vat 290 bleekeris.ss:20) 202 -eeee eee 638 
ALT OSE Se ehates pana tayo cee este! oe he 290 MAaTcinatus*ess.. eee eee 
Melina aaa ees esate nae oe 289, 294, 299 poeecilopterus..<! . eee eee 
NANI OAS 2 Soca Sack Se eee 289, 294, 299 pyrrhosrammas.. 2jos-5eeeee 
IPD SiG ce re os sea ae ee ee ees 288, 290, 299 tenuIspinis= 9-2 Sere eee 
IRV SOPASTOT IS este os wae einer see oentee ate 232 trimaeulatusiss==s sees 
LUDSISi ae rae ee a 232 | Platygobius macrorhynchus.......- oShea% 
PAS OLIIG GG beeen en an Seo ee nee ne 706))|sPlatwpterma:o5>-. 54-5. see" Soo see tes 
FOLUISE Roa eau tes aee eee es 706 | Platyrhynehus mystaceus insularis .-.... 
Playa cayana thermophila ...-.../....... 170\*|'#Plecorlossine: = 5..s.- 5-2 eee ee eee 
Prehin eh anOsdstew maceeae: aes ee eee 3380 Ne PleCoplossusiisac. 2aeactsnn sae te eee 568, 584, 593 
Picide. ac ese ooe - ESSA aah 171, 726, 727 altivelise..<2jl2=saete- eee 584, 593 
PICOMCUIVOL ee ens oo. ee ae eee cee 814 "| Plectana linn) 5552 22--22 see oe eee 
Gen Ob sctiese ) scasiie- Seen eee 327 SCXSCVYVAta. = 2. okt ecko eee ete 
RAT SOP. Maes cks Wises See eae 327 si delectopnathss....s2-ee os pie eee ees 
PET CU eat eee le ee ae 663,706 | Plectorhynchus gaterina ................. 
PACWOTMU Sh soseke ane eae eee eee eee 17 1} Pleetroperd ix: 3-5 S25. cess aa eee 
MMETOM CSAS steno cose nee 699): PleCtropus!.<- 5 -csa- = a= oe ce tae eee 
LCST VUSMis soe esc eee ee nee 6769) Plectrura: < 3222 soses ao aera eee 
18211) 0X0) ie Sot Met A RRS ee 706 @PLESIO PS secs x cece steele eee 
MOGMCMT TE ee Seca a eee ee ea 714) PPIEUROtO Maa ee se eeeae eee pee 
ENIG AGUS So sto: Seen ees 680 callicesta, new species. .....-. ) 
(2EVSr cia ks Seas See Pn Nod dake on A AGE 493 Gircinatass2-.0 25s eeeee eee 515,564 
Pieris sublineata, new species......-..... 423 INSIPNIS* © cee Sees eee 
Rimelometopon i222 <co.550- see eaneeeoe 621 Perversa.<. 2cth oo soe 513, 564 
pimsarolzema buckle yl ee. se. \sem scene 320 piona, new species.-...-..-.- 
PinNaiOStTeseiOrmis. .2 5. sacs aaane eewincon we 305 | santarosana, new species -.... 
JAIN, 3 SOG ROS SCR eCR Enea ori aoe eerne 585 | thaleea, new species. ..----.-.-- 
PLOMIUCS se esemen cece t<c.d<<sioaeccmeee eer 706 | ViNOSA Succ ¢ ede rected eteteens 514, 564 
IBS pill Coeee eee Ses oe ee cis aera Staite ne atomrene 676 |. Plexippus. pay ull, -2)_Jeas-ee eee eee 
JEN TO) OOP ae is SSR a Tee ee Serr 670: (Plies, plica.s2-fe- 2250 sseieeeie see eee 
PIPIStRE NUS Fea irae cise bisa ler iers eee sis oe 779) | -Pl@iRISUS=.- asc meee ncaa eee ee eas 
CO eRe Share se teesen see 779, 780, 793 DrunMeus-.. oe eee 525, 564 
camorte, new species.... 779, 780, 792 herendeeni, new species. ....-. 527, 5645 5 
Tapeh geese ase ae SU RREAe A ere 779 Martensi-c.-=4¢ ose: aaa eee ees ; 
TULGOMAELCUS nee eye at eee see 795 TectirostriSs----ss5ess- ee ee 525, 564 
PUPISHVEMMUSEe aan seees -eterclee ce 779 TOSCUS cisco roi ce eneeeee 526, 564 


INDEX. 959 

Page. Page 
Plicifusus spitzbergensis.....-...----..--- 262564.) Porzanacastaneiceps: .. 2-5-2. eewciniene see 667 
UIMPHI SS circ as ce ee ec ae ee EES SEIN Efop 72110110) Fe ee ieee cane nor See soe 708 
NON GA CEE ee teint con's. sia.c cine wie wc ceca eee 727 PUI Orih ci sod eee eeee 708 
PAIRVARDUS CUICTOR 2232: 2b Jal. 2s esee sees 696s peotamochelidon. 2... oscc sehen ean See 708 
PSECU ICUS <2 soc S< cbs cc cocoa nes Stes 689R BR OTaMOPEtON-« ~ 55. 25-5 = oes sees See 267 
INTENT ED ee ee ee eee WOT We PTatiN COM. «a scchn55eci- oes eee OSE Oe 708 
ROdameUS PADWENSIS. .....<.. 252. see sce sees 676% | BRrelago Aa 5-6 aoc hate Se Seco ese eens 340 
MOGICHMELSONGLY.¢2 <2 52/2 Fact ose. sess G87 | seremmnopl ex s.. f-s22<2..\nacet- ee ane eesaae 708 
CNS GEE DUNE eS Sa a 45 | Prenes diduca, new species .........-.--- 439 
MIaMIEROMON stn a< ea clcw ae onleec we) o- hee 107.)| Serigcanthus NAM LOL. 2 on Ae seis 301 «= ioe seers 607 
[OE TMITS SSS eee eee eos 665s | exilonotust = <52.25- <<: = - asters ane secienineee 254 
MOISE ae Se eNR OM Cr eer ete nrac 682 TOSUPALUS snc 22s ais Satna 254 
OS PCS ot eS ones oS hacen estes Sete OTM PETIOlO DIS: 2.0. come ce oe Aas onesie Beers 40 
PEM OTC CUS tae manos a crores « ceicjsiclocc'elncie so LSE enon OV NGHUSh asia eee ee eee ieee eeee 708 
MEDIAS nt vec Mis oes Nee Coe ews St WO ieerioniteseularis=.2..o8-20-sa sess sees 669 
MELE SVG. IS See Se Re 6745 SPrioneehilus yincens:-2222-..-2s0+=--s=2- 664 
LGU OUTER SS See a oe eee ere eam ZO PR EIOUO DICE a1 se a aerate ae ila rere ein 727 
LETS on) 0 WOvel me ENONORDISE = <- S- sac car. seen eaten e ss 708 
LONG SR UID 2. GL Ses ee On SSeS oS oe aS eee TOT, TG MIBESISUGLo< slaces se eee 2 708 
Folhopme. plambiceps .....-2-42452--2+.5- P7Sq|Meristiphomes = 7-S.25-cesscs ese 607 
PoOINGHMIS MANMOTAUS --.-. 2.22.) 2-2 - NSS HNPETIStO LIS’ 2 oe a5 aos ces oe Se erase eee 600 
CMT OME PER SCR toes 5 2c 6-15 <n sleet eis'=:5<'= 2 316 GYBDOStIIN A 5s ose lee 600 
OMe TNA ASNUGI <occje canis oe foeiesetecess a 501 MUISGCUS See aaertninc oie ceoee 604 
MSCNGOGONCM: —o 2 ais ele mii Sema 500 WIOIESCONS Ei a= aecieiee sarees 601 
ESCs ee SORT chi Stes SOOM meroceliariild ay ws 5 5)) $6 ee esese ae o's ese 727 
ROI RRETAGHIS © 22 os io cick cles owes clei le DIsmmhPachilus= ca. oo waecr sae eee eee See 596 
BGlwbeles alexandri So...) 2 54- So Senos os 715 ephippiumays s2 63S te cece cece 596 
Rolyxemus POMmDUS! <=: W..s85.5253-<2222 Sal ELOCICONI eae ase Se eee ate sa = alana aet 708 
BOWIMNCEMENG Cs... 226-28 late sence 595, 606, 660 INndel:kenis-eea- secure anaes 708 
Pomacentrus ....- etn eons ein Seek DIHTOOU: GOs TOO OLE TOC VOU ss ats some miemne c or te cnet niente sol 162 
PRMEATONSIS 22% canes 5 cice HOta Pe PTrOeceDIMS PUA Net = oes owe oe a ce sees 140 
mocelistuss 22 fs sole ea! 604 TRIUNC8H) 5 nie cee ase aematecnis 140 
CHEPSUTUSS as lo Paes 60s) bropne:.challiybea i) oe ees ee 176 
ROPLESUIS ss et ce ene oe 601, 602, 660 Crvptoleuca. S25: coe eee 918 
CYAMOMOS 2a 602 SUDIS ios oceeee eee nee einets 918, 919, 920, 922 
GORSEITS Aaa eect oe yee se 2 604, 605 subis floridana, new subspecies... 918, 922 
CMATOIMNPUSE. 2 oc as. ss es ks 604 SUDISHHeSPerlW 7 ceeetee sees oa 919, 921 
Katunko ...-\-5- Sher Eee 604 SWDISISUDISHie sae ase cinct nea oe 918, 920 
MIP SAMA UUIS Ses cea sce islets sas GOLF RrOlerogiust= 225 esp nn aan beta 708 
MIC AMOCHIN 2 sect oue eee ae 603 OWEN 23. Sane ace = sc iseeee 708 
AMOR Ooite penis eee eee os 600 | Promecocephales....-..-.-.- Se eee 232 
punctatolineatus -.......- ue 604 (Promecocephalus) ..-. 232 
ETT, t!0) 0X0) C1 gee eee arene iar 601,602 PPromecocephalus: 22525. 233-22 s- i eee 232 
SlMSian Gas cae eee as roe 604 ARSENALS: saat eee 232 
12-9 00(0) 002100) 010) ) G04 eS PErODaTUS ChiySeUSieee een een asker 692 
LENIUTUS (Sos. sete eee ae 6OIRG602 5 eero peamusiuim 225-2 Soa ees 559 
BRL CALUS Sere sete ee Se ee G04560a0 ero pel ane USi ese enna eee eae 708 
tripunctatus .......- 601, 604, 605, 660 Cay lUENSISHS So s5-ccs5- 08 see 708 
VAMICOLCUSISS 72 stele ceeeina sere 6047 ie rophaawetbont<siase- sosae eit ieree eetepeisiare 709 
VWIOLASCONS pois se acme Panis 55 601, 602, 660 Shirrubsol Gis A gos seins, scee = 709 
HOMIP MOLT RICOStALD = ol. o s'est on cece Dols METOSPOL@bUS ase= aia stints sain ae Sees ease 709 
CiSAs os 32/525 KS osseraes 2903 a mProstheclina illustriS =). .cesmats = sesee= a= 225 
Pontonia ealiforniensis, new species..--- 902 signata, new species........ 225 
ELON a oy, aa5= 2 fs 2b ate» terep Sse ste BO |) Teeter ASS ee ee Oe ee BS eee Soe eoSeeweeeao 709 
PDS PVAD, (ee ST OE ere BNSC ADE Go ocmic 708 | enemialis 3. csccs5s0s teem aoe 709 
OOSPIZODSIS ae nino sow - aw asienia nes Seloe tse mad MOPROLGrha eos: 32. ee ete Soden aa 709 
Popelaires, popelairel- =... 222 252222. 55: Bae MMR TOUOLURS cence mecye secant tee reiae sie ei-oi- “709 
Popelairia conversi aequatorialis ......-- 342 | SISIMICNS Seem sepese eels -i= 709 
conversii aequatorialis......-- 342 | Psalidoprymna gouldi.................--. 337 
PAMESA OTM es cix.c5 orn ls ets te oe 342 | PTACMIS eee el o\-.-15 337 
Popelairi 22.2. <2 2. aoe 342 WIGICMING 2 Cana ana pope aaeee 337 
Popelaria langsdorffi .................-..- 342 aequatorialis... 337 
POT CuPINCMIGHeS san 2.2 cc+< 2 Ss + scene scene + 2By0 || RRO CE eS See ener ot cea ee eee 709 
UNO VTCICEPNANUS @- - Wc. 20% fee sos soc SM MRSe LG DNOLMS ese ee cine oa ese ia=laomsnio sica= 709 
PONpHV TO ANONT: «25 saci cee 25 evan coe se GUM MBSE DISSE eet cette rece eas eawc re sale serine 509 
GMACLEUS a nee eee eee eae HOTMESCUGAIAEMON : 2 tec onic cle cos veiw. sic=* 709 
EGU BN MORRIS mer eeceee ote a - o2 ete soni FOSMIMPSe@UGRIMUSIUMA:. << ccc deceo- ca eeecieee ae = 559 
RBOMEM sees oo cc eee Ae 708 GawiGSOnilso5 sar eases 559, 565 


960 INDEX. 
Page. Page 
Pseudamusium randolphi....-........-.. 559; b6or | “P teroclidces2. sae te ee ee eee eee 727 
Pseudap tery ak co -eeer e eee ence Meee 709" || Pteroelumus- Saess ee ice eae 2 eee 711 
PTACHIS ee see sae Bases aus 709) (PUCrOROIUS >= -- eanceces eee 36, 88, 100, 131 
Pseud oboe ac...vstaetes > oa doertdece eens 188 daimio, new species ......... 88, 
Puerwnl A AAS cee cee es 190 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 1381 
MEU WICC) Rees beets 189, 190 elapoldes/eeeaee sere 88, 90, 92, 94, 131 
robinsoni, new species. .....-. 190 VATE O) ance eae eee 88, 94,131 
Pseudochromidide ...........--- 462, 490, 492, 497 zacalles, hew species ....-- 88, 938,131 
Psenudochromisteses seeeecr estates cree 491 zonoleucus, new species... 88, 94,131 
PSeudOeOris) sstse asc cece ee eee 6411642): (Pteronettal <2 =.) ao5s0.4-ec eee seen eee 711 
heteroptera.-.--...--- Be ation 641642 | (Pteronotus) ...-.2-cee- sec esee eee 532 
IPSetdlo iein Callll sees eee eee eas 709, 710 CATPEnteriies...csr a eee 532 
Pseudogeranus .....---..-... gccccctt 709 | Pteronymia calgiria, new species. ........ 385 
Pseudoglowise = a chs seen: ee see ae 709 carlia, NeW Species 2-eese-ee- 385 
Pseudohyalina pugetensis............ 500, 562, 563 ilsia, new species ...........- 385 
Pseudolabrussssnoee sees See ee 613, 625, 661 minna, new species. ........ 384 
COURIDNS SS o5ck eecee eee 626 | Pterophanes temminckii..........-...--- 328 
SC TACIISYe soca ae sees 625;627;'661 | -Pterophrynel=.4-c-- =-.scse see ee 367, 368; 371, 381 
JAPONICUS RSs eee eee 625, 661 Gb Da Less 25408 oa ee bya 
TUbILINOSUS = senses: eee ee 625 histrior=s.- =. 367, 368, 369, 371, 381 
Pseud olarus! 232: saceoSactaccs se see cee eee 667, 709 TANIA Ae Hee eee 367, 368, 369, 371, 381 
COGRNUS sas 26 aoe ce ee eee 709 TAaNINUS:: 5.222555 eSasoeee eee 368 
Pseudomimlaisessencnce soc cen sees ease eae 710, 715 tumid ai 2. .sse0t-eseeneseees 369, 371 
Pseudomyoblust+.-ccfee< cess cee se eee ee 710'-)|, sPterophrynoidest sss. 82 sess eae eee 367 
annectens).-ca-2-eese le 710 NISETIO,2e2G-522 a eee 367 
Pseudoneptunea multangula............. 505,568: | “Pterophry nus, sees. c ce eeinee eee 867 
multangulus ........... 505 | Pteropsaron, new genus.......---.--- 469, 470, 496 
PSeudonestorsese sesso feds ee 710 evolans, new species -.-.... 469, 
RAN CHOPMLYSi esses eee «er 710 470, 471, 496 
Pseudopomacentruss-2-s--22s-2+2-4-s=2 55 600 | verecundum, new species. . 470, 
NGLOralisie = -ceoe eee 600 | 472, 496 
PSGuG@OSCANIS =: canccan eee aoteen eee on oe See 6582) Pteroptochidee cso. -oeeet peeeeeee aes 727 
SLUSINOSUS) sas. 7sesecs see 659 | Pteropurpura Carpenteri .-....-.--....--- 582, 564 
SlODIGEPSi2 4.0255 scene ee 659 | Det s2 2... eee Puce ee 532, 564 ~ 
MUCrOLMINOSse=aes ene 658 | PtenOpUSia25 2522 eases eee 782,783, 786, 795 
OVILNONS eee meoee eee eee 659 | Equlisyseseseeces 782, 783, 786, 787, 793, 795 
schlesell: ies eee 659 | faunulus, new species .....-..-- 784, 
PSeudospineuss.-2te-cscaeete tore eee ee 710 789, 786, 787, 792 
Pseudospizasscsaesednee aces Sse ee eee as 710 | hypomel anus ees nese eee 785 
PSCUGOSKETMA fete acta s eee Stee ee 710 JAVANICUS = ys-052 Sewer ee 783 
@egenert..s2<2255eceeseee ee 710 lepidus!. 322/552 sb eeeea eee 785, 786 
PSenClOstniuonister eee aan ttre ee -ceeae sere 710 | Med MISS: soe ose a Soaps 785 
SONSONENSIS™ 22 = se o- ee 710 | Melanowusys. 2-H s awe 783 
Pseudotharrhalewus™ 2-s- eee eee eect 710 nicobarieus’ 22... Assessor 782, 
Cald abuses 2s ee = 710 788, 784, 785, 786, 787, 792, 793, 794, 795 
RscudovotanUseew css eee ee er 709 | VAM VEU eerie eee 786, 787, 792, 795 
Pscudlridee. seece-a eet se eee eee 710; |! Pterorhy tis’sSe. oe eae ees 532 
PSUOMNCteMets osee Coreen ea oe 7100) Pterothrissus 2-422 sasse en ee eee ees 467 
PSUTOMONUS cer BRR Eee serous 254" Pteruthius nufiventrises.-2eeessee= anes 688 
ROStVALWS ace eeees ee see nes ae 2544!) “PeryvpOCyS! jas acces. sees eee ae eee 711 
BSHODEERUS Sts sea- eee See ee ae eee ee 705; 710). |! Pteryimurexs se ceose se soso eee eee 532 
COMMMMMNIS eos ee eee oe TIOSURPtOGOTYS teens ot ce oe ae Ge eee eee 711 
PSilODUSiee. Got ein noe ue ere ae eee 701,711} Ptilolsemiusiss fa- ec ee cee eet 711 
PSILOSCOPS isms: Fee msi =r Se a oes 711" | Ptitonorhynechideess se. =-cesseeeesaeee 727 
BST UUACLO Ses. pict iatatle ala fe sitet ee 169; 727) | .Ptiloprorala*<22 eee soso ees eee eee 71 
JESHUL( GUUS AAS CARERS e nS A Rea Soe errse 169'>) “Ptilopusdohertyie-so4--e45 sss eeeeeaees 696 
IPSYGUA@IIS ee socteret rere ote ei Cia |sFeroe eee ee iok es 690° | (Ptilotisiouisel 4.222. sce se ase eee ee 711 
CarxOlUNENnSis™ 2552-2 o8- eee a 675 marchel soso secs see eee 674 
TVG WACUS Wass cf eee ts See 690°'|- Ptilomeia. ..: - 2.322255. bee Soest eee eee 711 
Me Se = Mees. oe ak ese heer 670) | (Ptocaset 224 53 ee sate en ee eee ZL 
PIA OM Smet os ees cee Shoes 689. |. Ptynix’..o)oig.saec8Bs oon skis ateece eeeaeeees “Lig 
Mulehellitiset 2225s: seesinge cee 698: |. Puffers) 228 sac saaccesere geass eee eee 231 
TOGENIGAMUS) sees ss a-ee one see 698.9] \Pufinidee..<. a3. Sees eseeee ean e eee 727 
PSI thickens Stace sa sane eens ese 673: |, Pulehripitita.s.. 2. seeee nee eee 711 
PSOVAIIAM = Aectse te Steen emt seiseeeeeeee 744, |" Punanettas2-ce- see ae aes eee eee 665 
PSVGHTOMIEssa: sean sanisseecoaren ca 347 | Punctum pugetensis)-2-...-es see eeeee 500 
Bend op horses seasons see ae ee 711 | TANCOlphiile os see sees ee ee ee 500, 562 
albentinsteets ee eeccisccs ccs 711 | PULpUTa =..c2cesccceae eens eee eee ee 533, 5385 


INDEX. 
Page. | 

EP UMBUNCICEDHALUS sce sce cc acs tse selec, 708 | Remiornis heberti ...........2...0--cs--00 
MiTOMUMeMIMISee cee c~. ss cence acct aes 147 | INEMIzateec rhe ease et uoe oece Ae tasers 
LEV 10) 9 (6 be 727 | Reptiles and Batrachians Collected in the 
Pycnonotus flavescens ..................- 721 | vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela, with 
TALVAWUS 2 oss cccee cece cote 717 | Descriptions of Two New Species of 
EVOCNOLHAMPDUS =. .cc5-..scseescetescee. css 705 | Snakes, an Annotated List of, by Leon- 
Pygmornis longuemarei...........-...... Lp 2t | ean SLEINER Clay eoes cnn icosesecrasasee see 
EVIGIRI ELITES co fas < <inin qais.w siete we costes -c%s O12 bos. | Re DUUlavecnc ea sc ccetine sos cise anne tae ee ceees 
Eyramidula randolphii. —-.=.- 52 ...s2....- 500 | Retusa mayoi:.:...-.- entice tacsiniceseaseee 
Pyrgulopsis nevadensis .................- 279,280 Review of the American Moths of the 
PEPIN See peticiec ce ste cvs sceccscesaceescscs 535. | Genus Depressaria Ha- 
EUEOlolwsSus-55.6..55<c0- + sss cc-- ce. ~- 222 O22, 029 wortha, a, with Descrip- 
PVLClaMONGCI =. o55-o- ==. e sce 2 ee 674 | tions of New Species, 
Ouerquedulacatont .2...-..2<.2.-.cdeeess 677 by August Busck ...... 
SEU RLED ent teens oes ce 711 Atherine Fishes of Japan, 
PRO CH NG tee ee ean cc cicicceweies a s'cic 328 a, by DavidStarrJordan 
PEOee ese ee nec cess kecasccsaccescc 330 and Edwin Chapin 
POIOHONMN Gee cic ca oc se se cececasute 316 Starks: 2. 32-~ sees = sheen e 
MHOSEH wacicisets cos sce neeccclc nececces 340 Discobolous Fishes of Ja- 
TG Soke Aa COGe AAS Ee aeS aeeeas 331 pan, a, by David Starr 
MEM meeeteccs ste cess ssscs ta bases =< 320 Jordan and John Otter- 
CALETA SAN ION oe cage cccckccthecsesosct ce 570 bein Snyder .-.422...-- 
Quiscalus atroviolaceus ..............2.-- 711 Gobioid Fishes of Japan, 
BaD) MIGt AAR ae ooo ae a eas 304 a, with Description of 
EEE YEE Sy Tee Ba oe EN 304 Twenty-one New Spe- 
Radix ampla var. utahensis.............- 291 cies, by David Starr 
LST Goa oe See a a 685 Jordan and John Otter- 
HSHPEMIS ON Poet ee iciecsce eet ecccctccccaeecseee 582 bein Snyder ..........- 
SHIMON. hee a arse secccscese ess 582 Gymnodont Fishes of Ja- 
TET EEE = Sei elle i AS eee oe ee eae ea Seed 727, 728 pan, a, by David Starr 
Pema SAPeMWING 2-2 .c.2<ccescckee ae --s 700 Jordan and John Otter- 
RAMUS MUSITAMISese san. ssc ess lscc ese so sc 670 bein Snyder... ........ 
BANC OLOME emer ana c eee oa cmme re 666 Hypostomide and Lopho- 
RSIRVLG LI ee ee nna Soe tee oas a 680 branchiate Fishes of 
BIeMeNDACIILE St he <2. ook cee sess ve 699 Japan, a, by David Starr 
BMONASH re mie ciacncecs locke neces cces ss 691 Jordan and John Otter- 
latent stosse sat occ cecs cscs. 668 Bein Snyder=--i7...... 
EVUMUVRCIUIS <u. cnc csensceeccc ee 701 Japanese Species of Surf- 
PRAMAS acts cece << c cs ce ccsce cee cs 170, 728 fishes or Embiotocide, 
Ren OICMNNS ene ewes en oes c eae es cae 706 a, by David Starr Jor- 
Ramphomicron microrhyncha .........-.. 335 dan assisted by Michi- 
microrhynchum......... 335 taro Sind). ¢2:s32--.-2- 
Rade Catespelais) - 2.5. -/s.s-se2cescee 212, 213, 214 Labroid Fishes and Re- 
grylio, new species ...........-. 212, 2138, 214 lated Forms Found in 
PAN ZAM Meret coe ceccs se cbs cscs ceccas s 260, 262, 264 the Waters of Japan, a, 
TTA Sel) SR ee Snes 262, 268, 264 by David Starr Jordan 
MBM CALE oa crc oem cemaceesects te 263 and John Otterbein 
GRE CALUS =. maces esisa ae ces cael 262 Snyder <. castes ssscciae 
Rathbun, Mary J., on Descriptions of Larks of the Genus Oto- 
New Decapod Crustaceans from the coris, a, by Harry C. 
West Coast of North America .......... 885 Oberholsen=*s242--ec~- 
RECCMMOSELUIM) = 5.0 = cn cece: sone coe cee eaten 712 Pediculate Fishes or An- 
hypochondriacum ......... 712 glers of Japan, a, by 
Pe MCMVATOS LG See -osat ceeeiciee en soe emcees 728 David Starr Jordan as- 
JECERO GGT) 55564 Seer a ees SH eS ee 637 sisted by Michitaro 
PEVECIDUTEE rs 322-6 secures cas uccecs 255 Sindoe--- 3. stte=c Sees 
ERAN Mrtetataiaidewin. Ce cis eco ae eee eC cee eee 584 Salmonoid Fishes of Ja- 
MUON ec os oot atc cule Satine 584 pan, a, by David Starr 
BOMM OMe ces cic tneicta cd ssa aiseesicee sl aes 75,577 Jordan and John Otter- 
SELENE ae ha ee RR 380 bein Snyder ........... 
TUS Ue See ee eee Spee 357, 359 Trachinoid Fishes and 
PISCL-PODY) cnicesccecsensosanebienclecaee 468 Their Supposed Allies 
WWEUMOMISHE tos ac cies oise saiatcemae wees 654 Found in the Waters of 
LEVYS 0-0) 2225) Ph ca (2) ff ee ae 714 Japan, a, by David 
LEE TANG Se pe a gece 169 Starr Jordan and John 
PORUENWANGUESEIIS so a eivaciec ous once sceun tome 674 Otterbein Snyder...... 
ECCSTUITE EMIS ores oa era sees oe vicina rca ete TZ al PRADO OCHIAMNYS 22.55. -nnctececmncadeeeess 


Eroc NN. M.; vol. xxiv—01——61 


961 


Page. 
712 


179 
181, 532 
502, 563 


731 


199 


343 


33 


229 


353 


595 


801 


361 


567 


461 
712 


962 INDEX. 
Page Page. 

Rhabdochlamys dejeani............-.---- 712) :Salba-fWRW sc 5 ais.s (0 -ewie ewes oo some eee eee 234 
Rhabdotorrbimusteresser eee aaa 712) \Saccopteryx Canina ence «eee ees Flo ctone 159 
TRY) NOMI) aS aecsog cane econ odascascasss 712 kappleriiGes.2 25265. sseeee oss 158 
Rhagorhinaisess-cste eee ee ace eee eects 712 leptiitais see ees pence 158, 160 
Rhamphotreronisss- ace sees eee eee 712 | Sagamia, new genus: ..--c----ee ee. eee 36, 100, 131 
Rhap hid omisiesssser esos eee ees eee eaae 712 russula, new species........---- 100, 131 
HavitrOnsice sees sence cesce= 712.) tSak@s. .5s he seks ekk set eee ease ee eee 572, 573 
Rhegma.. 2s sasosesteaescosctierseeeeae 490 | Salangichthys .....-- ja Ste Se ete cane 591 
Rbimphaleaeeecss =e sce-eee ener eee 712 aviakensis:: .2=cs-sccecaeut 591 
Rhinogoplus simMU Sees seceeeae 54, 56 Microd ON Hs enne soe - eee 591 
Rhinolophispeeesssce-eepecsac seme 78) | -Salangid ec... a-/-cdeesess soap eres 567, 591, 593 
andamanensis..-..-. 781; 792, 798794. Salam: -adusteee aeeecesa- Scere J oor cen 591, 593 
Rhinomyasecsmesacse ee eae ee eee 712 ariakensis! >i. <2)-as%scce-maesace= 592, 593 
IRDIN OLMIS Ha. Sees eee eae selene ela 712 ChINe€NSsisc. ose ss see eee 591, 592 
Rhinthon bomax, new species ......-.--- 442 CUVIeDI 225 ec5ccecs secre enero 591 
tanaris, new species. -....-.--- 442 hyalocranisiseceaseeeer eee eeeees 591, 592 
Rhodacanthis\22-c-cre- - sese-ccsssseee ce. 713 mii crodGnysece -c)- eee eee 591, 598 
PalMErl 5e- Ss seneesee tee te 713 }|'Salar cscs cep sme cic osines ene see eee 577 
Rhodinocichlarosewes. 2... see see nia 177 AUSONLIN S255. \. Sece isos sees Recon 577 
RNOMORNISsosereosoe eee he ee eee cies 713 Faris cescucce.cehc cesses: eee 577 
Rihod othraupisienesems ices aces eee 713: | Salicaria:<. J 2c<cese. tonne eeceoaeem estes 709 
RhombuUraa. wo seseeeeesese emacs on seisien ams SfHlBsi| isthe anseqesossceacosace 568, 569, 577, 579, 581, 593 
RNOMPUS ee isce ess seciowe bias cannes ae ees 520 arabatschi: 2222 aac. inse- eee eee 75 
RhOpocichlager ne ccna-secece esse eeeaeines 713 BTPYTCUS! 5s 5..cosene sess eee eeere 570 
Uy CHORtxe een eee eee ees se eeeeeee 713 blackistonil2--iess-o2 ote eee 580 
IR) awoKElVoNaTI 52 aoooosedeneeosseepndgacac 713 callaris) 3-20 ces Oe ees 583 
RU VNChOSpIzaespeeetiac cesses es BRacaanoe 713 Canis: 3222 .cessetiiassecigseceneeeees 572 
Rhynchotus'.-j-casceeasseseceoese cecseets 254 confluentus: 22: <5 scsce see eee 570 
PCTODIS s2\sas/osec.acsseesiiceec 254 CONSUClUS-). 5-5-2515. ecice~ eeeeeeeee 572 
Rice-balll-fishis-: sae-.- o> soe ce ee seen 653 COOPET wie veasdeelee ee se see setee 75 
Richmond, Charles W., on List of Generic GUPNUS eases aces aoee eanstee eee 582 
Terms Proposed for Birds During the Germatinust=) 2-0-5 6s--eeeeeee 572 
Years 1890 to 1900, Inclusive, to which erythrorhynchos\-2.-25----sseeseee 583 
are Added Names Omitted by Water- FATIOW ese has cece hose eee 577 
house in his ‘‘ Index Generum Avium”’ 663 fATIOPSIS|../25.5 20-5 555266 See oe 583, 584 
Richmond, Charles W., and Wirt Robin- PIDDEL' as. cshoceced sec ceiceeeeeeemene 569 
son, on An Annotated List of Birds gorbuschaiceccd 2 Kateaaeceseer ene 569 
Collected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, JaPONeNSISS 255-04. <-c accent e eee 572 
WENEZILE) Bice cose cnet cae eeioeeiee neice 163 kennerlylasocn cae see eee 575 
RAUCCARIS = cisco cyqacsins be wc oesesaeeeeecemeace 512 keta velukaykko).is2c.-evnes asters 572 
INS Culay 4 se seis cole atiacewesceisices 512 Kisute hs Fe jsciecieee ois adie geese 574 
Ri pania)s sees sei oss teioss ae laa teria aalsee 713 Run Gs@h ag scqssc-nceosceseeene 582 
QUTOPLAs. secs -w site e acceso secce 713 kysute bu. -\.-: cota sse eee e eer eenee 574 
RIVE SAlMoNineswsc ace sone see bowser tao 578 leVigatuss ico. iewacdecemece eee 583 
RObDiMIAy.ccecseeee see beere Sess ost eceiseesce 733 lagocephalusijs.secescs-seseeeeeees 572 
PSCUMRCACIAS=—52- aes ese 733 JEUCOMPeNI Sie. es seas—aeeseeeeee 582 
Robinson, Wirt, and Charles W. Rich- ly. caod Oni s25-5s5s5-ee eacenenereene 575 
mond, on An Annotated List of Birds MACLOSCOMA 2 — ae ce eee 578, 579 
Collected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, Mal Mars oxcieise sho st eae sence 083 
ViemeZUel ain ie 2 jem deciles ccs s ciie sieemineis 163 MASOW inn = 5250 -soscas soca eeseere 571 
Robinson, Wirt, and Marcus W. Lyon, jr., melampterusis.---2- co aeeere eee 575 
on An Annotated List of Mammals Col- milktschiteh).....-ss--.4226s9seeee 574 
lected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, MYKISS!2.;: 20 2-425s4anaeeceeeeeres 579 
Wene ZC]! S22 =< ,55 jeeeemcalmee ele ee 135 nerka = st Ja-beaseat ee ce epeeeee 575 
ROCKING 6 3cce ni ciec saeeee aoe eee ewes 582 mummifers sees 450 ee eee eee 583 
Rocky Mountain nuthatch ..............- 923 O]HGUS! scides ens Set eese ae 588 
ROPETIAMOPEL: -2ecec~ a. eesceiaeisee ees case 517, 564 Orientalis.y fs .eataec seeeoeeeeee 570 
IROSENODMNS soe sinew nlai> Sepe terse sisieiniaete 713 PaRuUciGeNS - 5.0. cee se sec esas ee 575 
HOWE) sii ie ietee eres = Siacieen = 713 PELLYM << c)secwis ease 572, 574, 578, 579, 593 
Rothschill diatoewivscsen se sects os <2 22 sre sede 713 PIWUVIUS 5:2 2s sewisideclssnt soeeicteseieaee 582, 584 
ROMS CLUS pss aes actets = aisca= cm cietare seis 671 J LOLA Dn SSE Beem eaD odaGsceaSS 569 
Rubrica pila sscec a= ceete a. ace sess ac eins 714 quinnats 4c. : Cees Ler oases 570 
Rufibrenmtassesseetes ces sea: cecissee ces 711 NICHOLE 42 2 csi Semee sie ice cece 575 
Reuafirallusisecs sepa geeee seer aie oieteteieis 682 SAAT es 5 <,o<issien eens aeceeee 577, 578, 580 
Rupicolay seso--- aa emcee ses icicecen 714 San SUINOlentus see. sean cee eeaeer 574 
Rupormisimarmirostnises-cesss---aeess seis 168 SCOUNEriso23e 52 soon he osee eee eee 569, 574 
Rustieqedpe-fishis ca. cece clcecce ccc <= 523 striatus sSssbat caasct ace eee oee Eee 574 


INDEX. 968 

Page. Page. 

SALMO WAN GISM Bisa 06 wasn soon acces cee o7b) | -Schistes albogularis: ..........s-0---ssee-ase 339 

IRCDAWMISCHA 2 2c c5<cc- = aa ast seses 570 | Schizopelma erichsonii..............----- 218 

tschawytschiformis................ 569 | Schizostoma megalotis ...............-.-- 153 

BAT PULCH< wasciae co misine os cis ale rsinte ere (4s |) SCHOCIICIUS 55552 2.ct<cicce ondeee msec 714 

RCL CSIP a alain nieisiz ci ayatn = aie are = DSo 5 MSCROULC cress 3 cae ace coe acaes oe elsiece Meee 607 

WANT OU nhc .< cia/tanicssicieincisisiee's,cis.s 575 | Ma Hsenw eens -. ase ceae ee eee eee 607 

SSDI RETOTEL TEU ee ee Dose | Sclena wna labalicd 42s. sa-sseeeaeeaenee 486 

SOUT OTN CT ae SaaS AS Sa SeeeSeee b67,,0b8; 556; Node PcleniGceies aaa" steno see nce ecinn saan ene aee 462, 485 

SLE TOTAU CS a ee ee 568 | Sciurus estuans hoffmanni............... 145 

Salmonoid Fishes of Japan, a Review of STISCOPONRI ae awn coe ota cens 144, 145 

the, by David Starr Jordan and John Sclalerinere sce 5 Aes aic ans selene emieeeee 715 

(ORCS TTS ON 6 eS 567 | Sclerocrangon alata, new species .......-. 891 

SALMON MIA RDLOSUS<....55s0000.ccceseszes's 716 DOLESS=. vec tesecasoneee ces 891 

OUMEASCONSHS ts are .nc Se ceamacaeent sc UGS I Scolopreidees rates aes a ceee sieereeee tonne 164, 728 

SHTWAG CR ere SESE RO ae Tide eScolopax ten Oareer as sae ck oa. cee eo 683 

WMI PIUCUSIS  < - tania s eos aee 714 DVS WNC aes we rtas elec feeteis wee eeieee 683 

STING So CeCe Se eee 55 lal MSCOlOpsis Shana ye ese een sere 607 

PUPS facia 22 ais aioim s cisise cine siese SSIS | PSCOpPs NamMMeOlA. .o2-42 ces sso cee see < nee 711 

SURV.E MINIS: stats iainicisctaecisis<se<ssiscs 568, 580, 581,593 | Scorpio americanus .............-..------ 225 

WUPINTWS: oie sis )s:3,5 o2.8s << ce cis co 581 MACUIATUS: =. Sanna sceesieeseeasee 225 

KMS CHAN cone cre sen ose eee DS2hO0on EE SCOLPIONIG Reem c ane eeeee oe neenceeeeeiae 225 

AAU As ois cs ge ec cics sl atic N50 054, 09D) |S SCOLODUIMUSE scenario acc sieceic'sine cles isin 778 

POLK 2 RSs Saas ncecc sesso sceee 584 CemmMIN CIT samen eee sence 778, 792 

PLU AUS: =e ores eneenecey 8250840008 |) SCOLOLMCLCS =~. <a cciscaseemoete wise -ceece se 715 

NHNGHHSNES LHC 0 faa no ciain sce aaicis aaciacs 48254550 P SCOLCOUMOLUSHH es saceen pases acaoeeer sone cee 715 

SHICHI ere hein cra Se sins cians cis'cicle'cciiguiegs (oon MOCYLOLDIS ta. cea cas ee erssers ee mareeeee nae 715 

MIATA ICH A =< 22a aclamciiceree ddon Pe SCy tod Cs ISA. yas son Seo Nae Soc ccemacee ee 218 

Sapheopipo........-.- My ee ENE or ee 714 GUYVAN CNSISsosoa=ces- sass sase 218 

HCO PS CIUIUES ee ita dis ces ciss cele sais once ’ 714 LONPUDEStete wo secies snnicee ee aseese 218 

BALCOPM PS ons aa- cen cosc este ceccsessecs 714 MATM OLA <- 25 .<)sissccise secs s5 5 218 

ALP ROUTE) ooo ms anc cas cas <caenarciseccce 714 TACZANOWSKM, sao eee stes steeceee 218 

TMBCHNCEDSe sa. cc2 A acences RUAN iS CY LOGIG2! a5 os siciaic sas se.cicje daw ecceesieeccc 218 

SORO OTUE CaaS eats See eae Meal oe Tae V Sea SMallsrya-<- spec ore ok Se Oaecmceem eee 347, 348 

HSA OMB ocreae is ae Aeieis sccaa's'a'side'cceeieccie's G2on ESeaisuri-fisnis2c-ceecosmccetios soacieases cee. 3957 

PSII RTD OMe Nec mela Ma ic ic cslareieie:s c/a sjeie's's BOP SCON Deas nas co ceimecins a6 sc ede cites seeew ee eee 708 

SAUCErOoNaed Vardi <. ---- ce eee awe ote c-s 316 | Selaginella lepidophylla ................. 501 

COWATO Stic wo csies eee s cise nde =a 3162 | sSelenops insularis -s- s.c4 seer Seles see 223 

DAMEODUS see saecqatemecacicacacoacccecstee 665352 SemicossyPHUS -eaeecen coe cesses eeice 612, 621, 661 

BEOUNVNCMUN Seas ce cc je mciccccehmeca cane 714 reticulatusee---o eee 621, 623, 661 

Bet aICOCMIOR NN. era ne = cuss orice 6 sic cicme 506, 563 robecchiiteaiansc--sscscese es 621, 623 

PRAPMMNGR oa - sccias sce os os Sees cece 506 | Semioscopis packardella ......-...-....-- 742 

TRUCE er a eee 006; 565i] SEMNOPItNCCUS =< cose et a-ceceemceeeenecee 794 

TEWTIT VER OEY coe 1h el at ee a a Obs 060% TSEMUNOLDIS 5- <2 secs seo c eececcweekcer cee 703, 715 

NOMICPD MEE eA Mee ls ck cicninese sescer 0067 565i SSCLINOPSIS 8. setts cen aeccatecer ee cccieaas 715 

BEIDIOR ees He eae ss osccicaleeeue sascins DOGS HGde) @ SELLA Ae yee 3a ose civ ic ais.cit semis sisien ste sairiane 462, 490 

BCMA COCHICA smi. sacs csc seen cm cece DUG SSerra tor qjo-csccar=-misieciesoechien- = cece semas 715 

BSC MMORRIG ee tninicie.ciniSiclere:aicinie os sce ise Sec cis 14 MSeCtaria al big Waris. .~ ce. -eioeisse sas = er 700 

IPS AG YS) 5) 0 hea a i a W14AE| eSCLOPY PS iacccncnssccteesmascemecewsiececus 715 

eT TCHS Gyre Fh ee eee ae ae mee 5177), Sharp-nosed! puffers)--4--2---.<--.-<---25¢ 254 
HUN OMIM ete orca eee ses ccee 504 | Shells, Chiefly American, in the U.S. Na- 
ECAH Meee se cee pasate = 517, 564 tional Museum, Illustrations and 
SPOS: oe Re ee 1 ee 696 Descriptions of New, Unfigured, 
MAG EW AV aie 3 ose sianyoeeisie sere 166 or Imperfectly known, by Wil- 

RGN CR AS Bees ata) clafe cite oe wfats wales 595, 656, 662 liam! Healey Dallhsess.caccnse see 499 
SCHMID. 1. 649 Re Re ee Sa As Se = 656 of the Colorado Desert, the Fossil 
BUAEUCIAON VATICIS= =< ccs c.ccisicce ccc stecce 47 Fresh-water, their Distribution, 
Ser US Meee on ace sek ein 607, 656, 658, 662 Environment, and Variation, by 

SUS oe Sega 5 Sone ae ere es helen he 647 RoberteHaC. Stearns'=..-.....- 271 

IODICEDS) oc nacie os. ce ce eae asce 6581659"6629) SSHiTa-WWO mes ccac on ces cclsine oeisie eecicce voce 591 

AMIE hea se ce ee s csc sjoennse a= eo ave GO fe | PSL WOSM DU me cere ones ccc ce ccc sees ce 243, 244 

LETEIS a 9 i ea St eC er se GOSS PSHORCWU ELK Rw nos so sa.cs arose cca scceecese sess 857 

SO pobeh Sasa SS eS GS83659NG62m PR OIAlIAe akan cee. as aac coc soccc cassis escsce 715 

PSIUIACUS (= o1s!jeciccc sev sississe coc aoe GOSS BSICV GUM ee ssasce cae = cee occ -lneceige ses cic 113 

quingquefasciatus..-.-----.---.cs-- 635 ODSCUDUM cee cee case <se sence a- 113, 114 

PME NODICCLCR Eee aae ns cones cacccceteeetsase 714, 718 Sigmodon sancteemarte BAe eee eee 2 142 

PMOL PEELS cetio eas nan clas ociee occa mee ceenee WA SLO m SURI esse. = o\<)oc'c os eciws so oye is osiseis 462, 485, 497 

Schaus, William, on Descriptions of New Sia eOeee sees cm cn ces eecees 467, 485, 486, 497 

American’ Butterflies... .....52-s5...0% 283 BUM ee eee cisich aiemlaa soca oesioee 486 


964 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Sillagoiery three: senses see e eee 486 | Snyder, John Otterbein, and David Starr 
japoniCaenc—c--e-5 tees 486, 487, 497 Jordan, on A Review of the Labroid 
malabaricarar. j-cssse semesters 486, 487 Fishes and Related Forms Found in the 
PAaryisSGUaMisisceeescs- cece cee 486, 487, 497 Watersiof Japan -<-s-2.ss<oos5-eceeeeeee 595 
sihamass occ sche eeoeee ema 486, 487,497 | Snyder, John Otterbein, and David Starr 
Sillima@niussss sosa scenester see aes 663 Jordan, on A Review of the Salmonoid 
SUUS ss caso sn oe cistenns aees cecteecss mee cose 590 Mishes of Japan] ..sscc-ssiec ee sone ener 567 
SUMS scavecue sce sesiem ee ccs ees eaeeres 590 | Snyder, John Otterbein, and David Starr 
Silver ipullens se se-eeerion see celseee setts 234 Jordan, on A Review of the Trachinoid 
Sal MON a oose teem emee ce cee ee aeeee 574 Fishes and Their Supposed Allies Found 
Simulium nigritarsis, new species.....-..- 27 in the Waters of Japan ...........-..... 461 
Sindo, Michitaro, Assisting David Starr Solariella actinophora..................-: 553 
Jordan, on A Review of the Japanese carlotta, new species .........- 553 
Species of Surf-fishes or Embiotocide - . 303-| ‘Soldadow.. caseas tos oeecee ooeeeee eee 341 
Sindo, Michitaro, Assisting David Starr Solegnathus|blochil2ssss22->- eee ee eee 11 
Jordan, on A Review of the Pediculate Solenostoma cyanopterum ............--. 4 
Fishes or Anglers of Japan .........---- 361 ParadOxaine- cose eoseeasece 4 
SiphOcaeccencenaaceemeetcce es seaseeseiaee 520)'521" |, ‘Solenostomids @.-.-s2s-eoeneooceeee sees 3,19 
alliivasctssesces tecwteemeceaeseeeees 525); SOlENOStOMUS: aeciace secs oe oc aceeceee cases 3,19 
iVIGUS) toes escccemmececcsssmenecee 526 cyanopterus) sss... sess 3, 4,19 
MIATCCNS] See osc cinweeelseeneclce cocaine 526 paradoxus'. s2.ecoseeeee eee 3, 4,19 
LeETeDIalistese sec cicacr cesses §26:)| (SOlida 20. asancees cece ee ee meee seeeeeoeae 737 
Siphonaria alternata ............. ence, DOL, 002,563) | (SPATASSIO Du s-eccunnoeesaas shee eee eee 223 
DIUNNER oo os see ciwoscoeece sine 501,502 | Sparassus antiguensis ...................- 223 
Men tals. Ses qarinccisemecctecere 501, | (Sparisomatinge <2 53. -ce eee eeeeeeeeoee 656 
LimeCOlatarsiceiisacetisce cence 501,563 | Sparus anchorago ...-.....----...--- Sones 616 
MAUR UM Se ee ee secs eecee 501 fuli@inosus.* 320 -5-.cc~ee ene eeseeee 635 
PlCt pack Ses Saesceesecsewcee tee 501, 502 hardwickei <. -.-..2i. saceseanseeess 648 
Siphonellasccesc. 4: seismic mniseioe wisteeoemene 520, 522 malapteronotussacse-s-- se eee eeee 635 
SIPMODOLDIS sae noose eeeeeeeseceeae 520, 522, 5238, 526 MEACO. sccececsccccecseamocere ans 635 
Siphonostoma22-— sec sess cee ss ose e ere 6 MYIIUS:. ssese ses bes eee een ere aeeae 598 
SIPhHOStomarsciacs sacs eee seiose ee clea cee 6 ZONE DNOTUSiace eee ener eee 635 
Delavicus# asec eee eee a= 6),|, Spathopterus:<.c -2s..4-c5-cease eee eee eee 715 
schlegelics.5-s.nhcesceeseceee 7 | Spathure) cissiura.-. 2s. eee 332 
Sinyctetcnsetc-cwien stectes coke soeee ee miasere 715 meélananthera’ 2) sece--- eeeisee 331 
Sittajcarolinensis.< sc. sm-~cs<seccsacicee 923,924,926 | Species of Alge of the Genus Buthotre- 
aculeata esc. esc. 923, 925, 926 phis, from the Upper Silurian of Indi- 
Atkins se ccesm ane 924 ana, Two New, by David White........ 265 
carolinensis: 2---------- 924") Spectacle tfishise-- 4st scene see eerie 476 
MEXICANA wascsecesee ee 923,926 || ‘Spermophilopsis=.---.4-<=~--=--s--ee==—== 679, 716 
nelsoni, new subspecies 923,925 | Spheeroides......---..-------------------- 231 
Sittasomus phelpsiton.--ssscee sen oeececses 174 speneleri. a s2ac dere cewcee coer 231 
Sittidee cesses cise ic selis geacccsssenmeeice 728 tuberculatus .--c-se-cesuieecae 231 
SUbhIPANUSeeeecseieieic ics eae eines MOL71bs' | ‘SphHenw@acCusyacc-m-- ses eese ee eee as 670 
Sleekipullereeesacmcsececon soso ese eeeaas 237 | Spheniscid@c--seee se -ce =e oe eee . 728 
Sleeper with head to north............... 255 | Spheroides)sa-s-5--5--e- see 231, 232, 250, 263, 607 
Sloth suc cmcesiocicw omaccuciaeeeet seen ates 161 abbotti, new species.......... 233, 
smallimarbledipufler s----e eens ceeeeeenee 243 240, 242, 243, 244, 249, 263 
Smelts the. socssetcasscacice sieiewaineene 586 alboplumbeus .... 233, 248, 244, 247, 263 


Snakes, an Annotated List of Batrachians 
and Reptiles Collected in the Vicinity of 
La Guaira, Venezuela, with Descriptions 
of Two New Species of, by Leonhard 
SlCIMELEM aioe tas ccncawsiseeecemaaeseenece 179 
Snyder, John Otterbein, and David Starr 
Jordan, on A Review of the Discobo- 
lousashes Of Japan... ...c-cee cen aes 343 
Snyder, John Otterbein, and David Starr 
Jordan, on A Review of the Gobioid 
Fishes of Japan, with Descriptions of 
Twenty-one New, Species.....-......--. 33 
Snyder, John Otterbein, and David Starr 
Jordan, on A Review of the Gym- 
nodont Hishes of Japan) sessa-cee occ ee 229 
Snyder, John Otterbein, and David Starr 
Jordan, on A Review of the Hypos- 
tomide and Lophobranchiate Fishes of 
JAPA as, Se lest tataniete se oe Sales eere esteem 1 


borealis, new species ........- 233, 

245, 246, 247, 263 
CHTYSOPSise -u-e< seeeien eee 233, 248, 264 
exascurus, new species ... 233, 241, 263 
IMELMIS $; fs osesccoe esse ee 233, 237, 263 
leVIgatus. Ke -scc et oesenoneeee 237 
lunaris: . -2-sose5s542-ceeteeeee 234 
niphobles, new species ....... 233, 

244, 246, 248, 263 
OblOngUS) H52='5 aas-cee eee 244 
ocellatusin.<se-ceseeeeeee 233, 243, 263 
pardalis ........-- 233, 239, 241, 249, 263 
porphy reuse S-1= sce 233, 237, 263 
FICHE! oss S seeaseeees 233, 248, 264 
rubripes .....- 233, 236, 238, 239, 240, 263 
sceleratus ...... see eet 232, 234, 263 
spadiceus: ..-220-sseeece- 232, 234, 263 
Spenpleri:sses 55 ces waa 231 


stictonotus!= 22-22 20 2o oe, Zone als 2 Oe 


re ee 


— _- es 


a_i 


et Bi 


INDEX. 965 
Page. Page. 
Spheroides tuberculatus.........--.------ 231 | Staphylus terrens, new species........-... 433 
TUPETCWULE Ss. ces 5. ceeleoaewee = 231 Ne Star razers thes... s<cec ods. sees secrete 473 
vermicularis. ......... 233, 244, 246,263 | Starks, Edwin Chapin, and David Starr 
KaUthopierus. 2.5. =--saece---~ 233, 239 Jordan, on A Review of the Atherine 
Spiders and Other Arachnida from Porto Hishesor J apanhe= 2. ase do-teclseseeseccee 198 
Rico, Some by Nathan Banks ......-.--- QAR SURETY DULLCEs acess ce ays stlc o cietsisoee emanate 250 
Siping ing? 524 ee SeReeeeeee Reese ae aoe aS G80N GN Stasiasticus ss. sete sos eee eaeaee 716 
RIOR IZA ce ere n eis oa Satie een encenl 716 MONS sec Jace hee Se 716 
SSPE GH UR See -2 oc ce os caine <sinsoeeccte ese 586 | Stearns, Robert E. C., on The Fossil 
mnaleichthiysis-c-<2s- 2. soe 586 Fresh-water Shells of the Colorado 
BPIKOULOCATIS oo 0- ecw cc cian cauiseecctlcces 893 Desert, their Distribution, Environ- 
arcuata, new species ...-...- 893 ment and) Variationu-css cess.csceeeeoe 271 
DIspiNOsas..-c2-njes s-essstess $94), S005 RSLCRASLES ee ote seen oasis temein amines 606 
biunguis, new species . .---- 899 LMNDTICALUSHs eo lessee Sees ce 606 
brachydactyla, newspecies. 898 | Stejneger, Leonhard,on An Annotated List 
CAMIECHATCH = .20 - ann ~<a 899 of Batrachians 
CHIStATA So sice acacia. sce 899 and Reptiles Col- 
dalli, new species .....----- 894 lected in the Vi- 
decora, new species....-.-- 896 cinity of La 
flexa, new species ......... 896 Guaira, Venezu- 
PHUNATG Mo apes oe ee clus 897, 899 ela, with Descrip- 
belcheri ........- 897 tions of Two New 
PERC MISES. Soh eee. aasoen 896 Species of Snakes. 179 
kineaidi, new species..-..- 899 ona New Species of 
lijeborpile <2 2 <2 2c ee seinn- =e 893 Bullfrog from 
MGCUGH LAee haa eae eae 900 Florida and the 
macrophthalma, new Gulf Coast........ 211 
SPOCICS ae oot cae eeee nas 900) | Stelpigillas,<.5.26-coscecs\n cons mesacecawst 716 
maxillipes, new species.... SOsn|sSteleiGostomus)=~ 52 s.o-se cae esas oe 716 
moseri, new species.....-.. 897898h |W SbeDOMELOPeS! = ms aa cose soso ae caececsees 232 
murdochi, new species -.... 893 (Stenometopus) ............ 232 
OCHOLENSIS;.. <=c--eoac cies. 8945895) | SStenOMelOpUS. -<- . Je sacacase ce clemasmece ee 232 
BOATS sees ceases = ac 895 testudinenusteese-- soccer. s 232 
sica, new species....-....-- 8940 | Stenoradsial. .asisiscstems crs sasesese nce seis = 558 
snyderi, new species.....--. S045| Stenorhynehus!-cnn-c2- ce aosistecce eer 671 
RPIMGa ene ace es igaialenies 893,894) (Stephanormis!s.s.14.--52ss2scsssese- essere 716 
stoneyi, new species.....--- 899" (Stephano xis)-2- 22. icisie'= ser emieeieis/-<i-oe 716 
townsendi, new species.... SOF | StCreOrnisy S3os25 ses cc eiciewt inca sleeve < <i 716 
tridens, new species........ 896 POMEL EAs Neos seek ee aes 716 
truncata, new species. -...-. 8945 || Stereornithes 2. 2c <<c sce de~ 2 scestinc oe slsck < 710, 728 
unalaskensis, new species. . 89b. || Stereornithi de) <./-<.5.<<03-%62c<00n6seoncee 728 
vicina, new species ...-..-- 89b'_ Sterna ansethetus- 225. 5-m- ---5 2) oie -- ee 695 
washingtoniana, new LENUITOSLPIS Soe we ec sae ses 696 
SPECIES: ae ae aes Soa SterOpOld eS 2ess se saaa ea esse saat 663 
(S(UWANS II 3.5 SSC eas a Ree SS enIBe Sear aapaacas WhO! Stetho) ulisisa. cae 5- 6 ico noes ose oat 613, 629, 661 
POCO Se tee aptesle ee clase =o cinmial= oie ateiaiale 707, 716 allbovittatarensosicent <cleceeeee= 631 
MBOHEVAIGRES oe ee aw wclceee sceswonecasass 302 Hii euel Qe naeeapoaaEEocadKes— 631 
SS ORAM AIBIS Wee aetsts a 3 oh aun ale icant tale 716 Kalosoma a. ata setct a8 ase 632 
Stachelloser Aufblaser aus Nagasaki ..... 244 phekadopleura.............-- 634 
Stalachtis'satellites. 22. <5 -j-<2<2--00--50 406 psacas, new species.........-- 629, 661 
sontella, new species.......... 406 TEN ATAU oe. Ada sevice ee 630 
stellidia, new species.......... 406 strigiventer -s-nseecce <= = 629, 631, 661 
Stallx Me We SeNUS sjn 55. acm coon ceclnc = 492, 495, 497 terina, newspecies.... 629, 631, 634, 661 
IStrio; NEW SPECIES. -~ ~~. <<< 495, 497 trossula, new species...... 629, 633, 661 
Stanton, Timothy W., on Chondrodonta, Sticticarbosos-.-- eos. settee ae teeses 681 
a New Genus of Ostreiform Mollusks Stictomnathusiy.o2...- so sacseiie ates siec eco 717 
from the Cretaceous, with Descriptions Stictolimnas==steiea rote. oleae o's aiccleinies 717 
of the Genotype and a New Species .... 301 SHAT pele soto eescce - ese = als 717 
BPM WORMS se. occ soae sic jas scinceniseccces WAG Ul SbiClOpleraeesesccs cs 22-<se=- 25 5sle ss 717 
eallardoie. << ne scctiececmin ces Gal | SUICLOSPIZA eee eee se aa wince cis aes a cinie sieios 717 
Staphylus alicus, new species ..........-. CBS) || SHUN TSOTe {Sees 4ee ep eacear co cne GoeGbCoSseor 717 
anginus, new species.......... 432 Stuhlmann’ 235 2252252025 scene 717 
Skea APRUSi oases tecee eect ee ALOE PMU Metee ens ceca ainis soz a cicic’s ne l-deacecase 712 
minor, new species............ HSM ESHZOPLCLa ances cic sejaai/inlan cee eiaealioe am = 717 
scoramus, new species......... SOMES ULZOLINIEAN S oniciaiats a ciaieisisictmn is elersiataiviweletacivicite 717 
subapicatus, new species...... ASM MSEC DOMIA DIG CS fa/01n cares on ainlemleeinis sie civiatien eine 281 
tadus, new species............. 432 | Strigide...... Buioceusaccseeeste ets ahicteiaials 728 


INDEX. 


966 
Page Page. 
Strino=fi Shi eeereratata tates esiare terete ete ee rere 580 | Syngnathus griseolineatus ............... 7 
Strix uralensis: <2 32225525 Sc seetee Sse ote 711 koOlUomMsatod om =. -s- -aeesleee 10 
Strombella. ssetnoh222-5 scene eeeceem eee 521 Ophidion! £52200 4225-2 -- Sees 6 
attenuata: sees cee ee ca seeece 529 pelapicus :-2ca.et asses ee eases 6 
bern piss eee ese ecco 528 schlegelites 22. waceoeceee sees 6,7,19 
Castanea ste. eeeecteaee eee 529 SELLAtUSH 2 1. co ceacetiseseeeae 9 
regunlaris Ate nese acts coeeeeee es 529 TENUILOStLISs: paee ee eee eer eee 7 
Strombus 2222: Suse sees esceeseessceesccser 521 LEUra gs ONS nse nce ee eisai 11 
MOLVESICUS ne seme nee sate eerie 523 typhleketeeeee eereeeeees a 6 
PUPS Woes ceases caeeee cece se 521 ZANZADALCHSIS ser so scee ee eeee 8 
Sturnella magna meridionalis...........- 673 Tachyormis'. 2. vse - <5 ones to soe eee 669, 717 
Stummides2 2-5 a ea oe seme ener 728 NiTUNGOvs. oe. cee ee ecee eee 717 
SUUMMNS SCriCeUSh-e-eeeeeee. cesses eee eee 707 |) Tachyphonus|cassimie-- sos eee sere sees 696 
Styomus)25che here ees cince cece sion 227 melaleucus .....-.......--- 176 
insulanus, new species ...--...... 226 FUDTIILONS eee se se eee eee 687 
Styphelustlawvitarsis: -- ee ceeseeeeee secre 227 tibialisyjsscccea=ceesieectree 709 
Styptes aie essa ccereice > sevientneese. TAT |\ Teenioid es*23-2-- ecient eee hasta 37, 128, 132 
Subemareimula gigas .----see- = eeeeee-= 555 herrmannianus’s eee eee eee 128 
VALESI LS bs sac en ete tes ce oe 555, 565 lacepedei.2. 5.22 cece eee 128, 132 
Siibul ash ond anpessee seen meee eee 503); TagelusSs77 153-273 ee eee 287 
Stall aso eee sce ee reenact aes es 664 | ‘Tahhmel*ss5202 sense cece ese eee eee 607 
Suleosinus(. 4-520. eas seh s soseetce aoe eneees 524 tahmell 22220 S-2e ce eee eee eee 607 
Suilidice sacs Seay yoo es ste x tctareics = seer oereretete 728) | Talpacotiasss cence ee eee 691 
Surcullayperviersay ses sscese cee ee ae eee 613: 1) Tanago’ sioseate ese ease eee ee eee etrees 353 
Surfsfishes’ osse str cecaecs sc otine ceeeseeene 353 |) Danapra elaucocolpal.-ceseseee ese eeeeeee 176 
or Embiotocide, a Review of Tanapridwe srs 232 c2-tiss-c 2c osen ee eee 176, 728 
the Japanese Species of, by Tanagroides® 5-52. J5.5.c5 swosecncese cere 674 
David Starr Jordan, assisted Tantalops 22s. saccecae sae cacaees Os ee eeene 717 
by Michitaro Sindo ......... 353 | Tantalus leucocephalus ................-- 679 
Surfismelits75: J..j222seasse tee deduce cs oe 588 loculatorsn.2.2es.ce seco seee eee 717 
SUPUP AR ste s= Assess cone seer ce tents 36, 96,131) |) Taoperdix:s.2. 25 a2. 5-cescmeng-eeeeeeetert: 717 
fundicola, new species ..........-. 965131" ||; Daphaetus!.5 22-204: = see eeee sees 17 
SuShsrcts teeta sees oe aie Aeteemene ceeeeee 752) |; Tapinopus)...-..i22eeeiee see eee eee 678, 718 
ANGAMATECNSISM ce oeee ss esanes cetera 752, QMIOtl 22: 22-2 act eee eee 718 
754, 755, 756, 757, 792, 793. 794, 795 || Tarantula aussereri........-.2.-.ceseseens 223 
Cristatugie: oo. siseeweeocene= se 704; 100; 700,707 ||| Darentula muses: scscescceeses cee eeeeeeeee 223 
Matunensis! 22 ssesece sesso sae ee “or |) Tatous lWgubrisi=scecseece aces eee cee 139 
nicobaricus, new species ......... (50.700-.792 |) Latua NOVeMmeIneta sense eecceeteeereeeee 161 
Suzumedaicsarsnsossenen soci cee eee eeciee 699 "Tantoga fasciata. 22. s..-ss2seeens eseseeee 634 
Swallow taizechs2itesce0 hssttce Shecses ene 599 TENCOMOSME Stk at ase cee see 635 
Sweet perche: $2: 2s 222s ses2anssceeaaseee 489 melapterus! <2 >- sossce cece semen 634 
sacivorsmeltss:feesssaeeese neces 588 mertensir S555: eee eee eee 635 
Swell-fishessescscsesosesssa anos cease 231 ||) Tayassu tajacuss=ss2-..-.ces- sere neheeeee 139 
Sycobrotus reichenowi.-:--:::-2--<-+-e.- 702 tOrVUS S33. 32 as ee eee 139 
SViphidcenan tse -Asct causes aanceeesneee ee 707 |e R@hRViGhessacc4ssoer cece seeeest Ce eeeeee 570, 571 
Sylwiahssse sce es sess set hees~ obec cee oe nceece 706; |) Neetonornis*ss2s2ee sees eesee ee eee eee 718 
MelANOPOFONESssas eae eee eee eeee 667. |. MeiSUlss 34a e gnc as sense ese ra seats 654 
PULO, sean. seat sasee tats ecco eee aes 719 | Telegonus hurga, new species ...........- 427 
Sylwicolayseecca tac sheen. sce osecc em aee 717 janeira, new species..........- 427 
Sylwildeese canes torac sce acce se eseeesaces 178 | Telemiades megalloides, new species. .... 428 
Symmachia eurina, new species.......... 400 megalllus .sc.mc- aces <nseeee 429 
TUDINGS ferret ae aes 400) | ‘Telephonus minutus) <2. 5-2. eee ce eee 670 
satema, new species......... 400 |. | Telespyzar. tc socesncetenaetece nese meetere 718 
LOM CS) ce aneaetince eee erate 400 cantans! 2) si -0-csecce oes eee 718 
SVMNNOLPHUS = =-.-ce esse ee eee eeee eco 678" |-Demnurus-ee -eeee eee e eae eee 718 
Synallaxis striatipectus .................. 174 albicollist:=scstseee eestor 718 
SYMECHORODIUS a ests thes cseaceneecoece 36, 102;131' |= Temondai-oko0Se---- ----2-s22-ecnceeeseeee 475 
NAStAS eect Ghote ee es ce 102,131 | Meratodes!depressus’s. + cece seeese eee eee 218 
Syngiathidte s2c.c os sceee eck eee ces tsk ee 350;6.19 ||) Perebrashlondanae-seeeee costs eee een eee 503, 563 
Synenaihinw tee set eeeccen cece eee cce oe 5 rushiies eee ss. te eee 503, 563 
Syngnathoides blochi ...................- 11 {OXQTIAN Seek es eee eee eee 502, 563 
SyMemaghusinecaeeeeeatere saeco eee acc 5, 6,8,9,19 | Terebratalia hemphilli, new species ...-.- 561, 565 
ACUSE eee eee eek eek 6 obsoletas-..0 222-2 see see aaoee 561 
PBQUMONKCUS io ett felos ences 6 ULANSVETSA) sacceeteeceeenseet 561 
biaculeatusseeeseseeee cece ce 11 |) “Terelcian See eeeer eee ane een cee 713 
CORLCtAIST eR --eoeeelne ce wecies 859\:!) Rerenotireront.--heccace eee eee eee eters 718 
pen eS AE a Sines ee Gea cae 10° |; Perquemias Doster ook et eee eee ae 303 


INDEX. * 967 


Page. Page. 
Terquemia forojuliensis .............---. 302,305 | Thalassoma verticale --. 6. ii. 235-52 - 256 648 
PResUao Gen tiCUlata....=2-.<.cssccaseees 192) Rhalassomines.. 2. 22 shot ists ecaee sees 613 
PRERHA PO RTOUS cc a cic cnn wie = Se ncisec ee se eecces AiDy | CREUIUINUIS = <2 ne ne nS Sere ee 653 
MeaAcnALhs AUDWIUANIA. - 02 cccccs cccs se 220 | Thalliurus blochi-chlorurus .........----- 653 
EE POVUE 2 5 wo arecine aya Ue sece ee ates 220.|) Rhalurania eriphile. 2-222. 2. esses ance 319 
IADOLIOSA. << 2-..cc2cccc cesses 220 FON 2 eter ce coats eae ae 319 
BLOUCHISH eect toes ccne 220 FRUN Vl o see se ae focencecssecase 319 
VACIING Flee oer acet cre waar alas 220 hypochlora.- iss. 2 sesecsace 318 
pRetareU Ie conan cs. ode seee tases eens 220 MigTofasciatase. ose sees see 319 
PEIPREONODS mes scseac csccce gas cccceeecces 703" |) Rhamnochaniste: 22. - -sosees<ceeseeee sae 718 
PGAOGRMUCKICGAND: 33-255. c.sSeceeseescesss 674 | Thamnophilus doliatus ............------ 174 
MESNOU seca cacwas acces ccs ca cums cee 717 melanonotus .......--..-- 174 
MUO LOD Na as cess eo ajane's'a winie ea eece 231, 249,264 | Thanaos austerus, new species ....-.-..-- 435 
HELOSLAUICUS) = conta. cacenaemcacee 250,264 | Thaumatias fluviatilis...................- 316 
alboplumbeus................- 243 VWARIGUCEDSieeaceocl seee cree 316 
MIME TIEUIM 30 =o olaetseiaelaci= aia 250,264 | Thecadactylus rapicauda .........--..--- 181 
PMS PIOUS ee seers coarse 950! 251) 252° 2645 ee mnecla aAratuszasscncc.ceanes soeces cesses 417 
DALETN Aeros isccc<cce 2s =sonesce nls 252 aritides, new species...........--- 417 
lineatus...... See e aes 249 atrana, new species..-.......--..-- 409 
MTELCRPTISt esas a ce see 250, 253, 254, 264 DApraAd aS see eb ee ea sene see seeess 422 
PCECUONOLUS.. 5-seecs sce esc cce 244 binangula, new species .........-- 415, 416 
BGCLGYALUS -o55500. So. soso oer 234 bolima, new species ...--..---..-- 416 
SLCUMACUS Ee Sa ee ra os Soma e 249, 251 bres@igt ee ess ek ee ee anise 418 
Tetraodontide ........... 229, 230, 231, 232, 256, 263 carla, new species ............---- 408 
BREMERTON a taicte cic tsiays teins sie sie/=)iisimimeicto en 728 chaluma, new species ......-.-.-- 414 
INSECT oe Seen GocoeesEpEsooeaeEeennese 232 chilica, new species...-..-----...- 422 
METOSTAUICUA'. 2a. ceceme dees aa 251 conoveria, new species ....--.-..- 413 
BTS CMU UUS ee sae mse seielaisaiatn 234 curtira, new species ........------ 413 
ATEVTOPLCUTS Ssscc eee cele 234 GOMER 22 Sas zoee seen sanese ees oees 413 
WICOLOMowasoe en seeccssseecs ae ce 234 _ echinita, new species ...-..---.-..--- 418 
COUVRODSe ees sosee et eee ace ecees 248 EPOPCR ess sete oae estes ace seeeisee 412 
HGRA AMM ENUM Sos cece eee se 250 epopeoides, new species ...----..-- 412 
grammatocephalus..........--- 255, 256 farmina, new species ....-..---.--- 421 
PETIA GU cae oe creraia cs cisemisieeinie 243 fostera, new species..-.....-.-..-- 421 
MIS PIG Sess sco cs is.sice ceeaeeiiesee 251, 252 foyi, New Species... .5--.----->---- 417 
AUP AUUUIS) onion oa ciclo ciiciedeiaciZ 251 gentilla, new species. ....--..---.- 420 
PU CEWUMS eens sig sece oe eee eas 237 giapor, new species .......----..-- 407 
IUMATIS Ns: sa aaa= os ociecreceaees cae 234 guadala, new species ....-.-...--- 418 
Var. Spadiceus:--...---.- 234 guzanta, new species.....--...---- 420 
MMe yee sate Sea etoe sea as 261 hostis, new species........-------- 420 
PUBLCAP TIS Ae csene seas e ia eee 253 humber, new species.......--.---- 422 
ANNO Byes oe ens Sine eine eae oe see 260, 261 illéx, new. Species: ---s22--s- se. 419 
MMIVER GUS ee se oe sansa eis ce =e 243, 244 GUA eee cam a Seen eee cee ee emcee 423 
oblongus var. alboplumbeus.... 243 laneckena, new species ......-...-- 422 
OCEMMUNS H rascte onic sniseinseean cone 243 Jebenay aac ece sees eee saeco 413 
MATGHNIS oo. scrassnee co eece cc cece 239 malta, new speciess.-----.-----2-4- 410 
Derspicwlarisiv. 5c. see ascsoe see 251 INN UGL As ae eee es sete cee cme ns 415 
PLECUONOtUS Hs thos ose c cscs nese 243 muattina, new species .........-- 415 
DOLPHY Meus |e 24 Se se oe ceetacieiss sels 237 normahal, new species -...--..--- 410 
MICH. 2s Bi seiaietyc a sina cine ae 248 nugar, new species......--------- 408 
MUVUIALUS) cee ack sce ss soca e cme 255 polama, new species........-....- 416 
PUPTIPCS aaceiee ec rasce eee se 238 polibetes stessscecaasaase soso ee 417 
SEMUSUALIS ssc en nea eee site 252 Tana, Mew species. 2242-02 414 
SpACIiCCUSE. ob csesee~ ce soees cee 234 rickmani, new species......--.--- 411 
stellatus' 2.06 >sS-cs seeeen- o2 ee os 251 tAWENS= eee ace se eee es encie ss - 414 
SICLONOLUS (AAs. mere ee eieeenciee 235 talama, new species....-.....-.-.-- 409 
MEMHILCUIATICN sso cee maces eee 244 taminella, new species ..........- 414 
KANGHOPtELUS: <2 24. .csses ses eee 239 tella, new species......-.... Sa 413 
Mhalassomea, 9... <2. 225<66--22s1 618, 6438, 645, 649, 662 LEPHTEUSE see casein nse seee ences 420 
CUPIEGOSe er Jo-8 hac ensdsc cee 646, 662 tigonia, new species ..........---- 419 
Morswlese ne acces eee 646, 648, 662 vieca, new species.........------- 411 
Guperreyl. sc oc. ccensc csp 648 vomiba, new species......--...--- 410 
MBNAT Gee saan eee ose 648 xorema, new species ........-.--- 408 
HM AIS (ec ish ce emis ay= 648 7A OE SGU SOO ORCA COBORGANEE aoneae 419 
MITESGENS< 5:5. schemata 646, 647, 662 zurkvitzi, new species ....-......- 412 
PUEPUTES \ he cee = se (3:5) | SAR WGYEO) gS WICI A Ge none ena RE einer 718 


Quadnicolori<..2c2.42.28s5ee6 646 MUUSCULOSUS! seem aiwlssee esr 718 


968 INDEX. 
Page Page 
Theraphosidse: s-sac cawen ance cee tee taeeei 2174) = Trachinoid: ane cui cieccess =. ses cease es 461 
Therspon yar Wasa ecco seem ese riacts 607 Fishes and Their Supposed. 
Therelceryxg seve nase ee wac eee eeeaewas 718 Allies Found in the Waters 
THETIGIGS Ce tee toes et can eteee eens 219 of Japan, a Review of the, 
Theridiumtonnidebilis.-as-sesse-ssseee 219 by David Starr Jordan and 
VELCCUNGUMIeceeteesaceeceeess 219 John Otterbein Snyder..... 461 
Volatile st. 2e0cwctiseceanscees 219") Trachinoidea J -peaecce soe e oe eeaeeee 461, 462, 496 
THICMUS oo c2 as Sis cnis sete = e.celsewseciessc ee 721 | Trachinus gasteropelecus ................ 483 
ThINOCOrids -2scsoe see ene ese ae esis eee 728 trichodon \.7-. Sc.tec sete baaees 483 
ThOMISIGR ie. = -baos asec Mawaisics es nee one maae 222' 3) Trachylemus: cas: ..< eter eece eee ee peas 719 
Mhomisisias pera uusee me tere eeee eee se tisees 222) .\ Dra chy Ta Gsiaaa toc ico =cisete cee eee se eee ee 558 
Thoon lugens, new species ..........-...- 4427 || Trachyrhamphus! ce seesaseeeeeee eee cecs 5,8, 9,19 
Thousrsitrerone-sosceee aeaee pose eee eee 718 CUliNINOStnis=s.seeee eee 9 
Thousand-needlesterassececeeeeacseee nace 257 S@rratus...o5.--- sneer 9, 20 
Thracides bajula, new species.........--- 459 | Transennella conradina.............. 509, 563, 564 
biserta, new species....-..---.- 460") Mraversian sae e neces site eae nee eee 719 
MOM ON) re eae eee reece eee 460 WEN Mee oebedoesecseccenancosoes: 719 
orusca, new species........-..- 459 | Trematopsis)..-.---- 2-2-2. -. 222222 ee ccc ne 260 
SALITIS set econ cote aes 459 IO) Ei panabcsesesacbocen Jace. 260 
Threnetes cervinicauda ..............---- 310 AUB ES De soe ceeecocnoEs 260, 261 
CeryimicaHudusie esses. s-seeeeee Bia) || MONA TNO ES oo osoet bos scoeo suoeeboncnsentes 729 
PEOSOLL HE see el ene ees 910) lretrodonlarzenteuss s--see esse eeeeeee 234 
TUCKED oe once ee 510). | orizenophoriehthiyseees sss. oe eee esee eens 113 
Mhrin es orhina sees eee ee eee 718 squamistrigatus ....... 113, 114 
eA yOleS US parse ae eae eee ae 718 trigonocephalus -...--. 112 
Mhnyothoris Mutils seseeeeeeseeeeeeeseeee 177 | Trieenophorus trigonocephalus..-....-...-.. 112 
Thymele grenadensis, new species. ....-. 497) |e 1eeTO POS ON arresttaretele == eee 37, 111, 132 
subvirescens, new species ...--- 426 ban batuisl seer ease sea 111, 182 
Thymelicyus bahiensis, new species ..... ASG | enieO DUBS eee st aa ree eee ae ee ees ~ 663 
Thyroptera discitera...-.2-.--.2-s.se eee ileiy || Wetmore iy s- oeoponasasacodassooooccoace 719 
THSET- LOD Ve seco shee ane ae teen 467 QUES RoR AnS BRO ASSmarigos 719 
IA ST OPE ees Ss Seen ee 4G7) | -Urichodonesaasseneee es oe 482, 483, 484, 485, 497 
VOLES yaar ee SEE Oe LEA 238, 258 JAPOWICUS® jess eer Renee steers 484 
RIPTIOLNMISMe tes ate ee ee eae 718 NC ANGE Sire eas anata eee ee 483 
Mi ri SOMA ete aaa at eran cee Ia tee eee 164,717 Stelleniiteees-sen shee eee eee 483 
CAPANIST Me eae eee ee eee 164, 687 triChoOd ON 2. sss.2- cee eee eee 483, 497 
lecolophumes sence sseeeetesece 71S \) UPrichodonutidee seses- ce eee eee eee 462, 482, 497 
Bal ONS ere eee eee 164 | Lricholimmas > <ssc 2522 censsosee ce eseeee 719 
BIN CRELTAS Secis ohahiee hun S oceaiaaauee oneeeee 889) | irichoparadisenys-csemcence cee eee sees 719 
Tila age reset cares oes eter ee eine eo eee 628 | Drichotropis) 5: cmc -ceamesc ceca ace eee 551 
TT aYeW NOC HE Sr ey ene RN ee RE FOSs729) | rid Gnibig Chas nssee=atsemenane seer 37, 112, 113%, 182 
AIM tar eeemne ee een cae ce ees eee ae ee 718 barbatus(: 22a. s2o. se eeeeeerce 111 
PR aa Gaeta e aes me sae ere ee eee eee 163, 729 bDifssciatus se - sees eeeee 118, 117, 182 
TtANOLMIShese <=. =o seca See ee ce eee 719 bucco, new species!... 118, 115, 116, 132 
MUTA DUIS a=, tcc seenseeee eee 719 ODSCIUITIS Fe cceseeeceat 112, 113, 116, 182 
Moceusmartlaubievs: ssssce assess ae ee eee 688 Squamistrigatusss4--2-- seers 113 
Lodirostrum:/cinereumie ss... os ecescseeeee 174 |) Dridentipes ss52 acco se se eee oe ee eee 663 
FROPOTO=IWASHI He iene alt eee same otanon 468 || “MrifisSus’ Sate cae Bee cs oe ose ss hoceiemeeetceets 113 
PROKOSISUi ete aaa eae Scone ee eects 582 LOtUMUS) = 252. Sst co seee cee 1D Aa lily 
Toledonias new genus: s.ses-eecesccee eee 512) | Tnigonocephallus) se --cessmeoosce ee eee 794 
perplexa, new species........ 512.513 >)| rigOnOGepsis=sseoneccee ee eee ae an eeeee 719 
PROMMEMUS saz es cioces ees meee ee eee eee 719’) TrigonostOmaras-o--csce seeeee sone sere ene 504, 536 
MOUMOGUSI = ns 2 SSeeoni aac nae oo eee eens 719) | Tringaicalidrisi-es-.scanece seeeees sees sees 684 
ATM ACUS:s ace cadens oeeeacssmeale 719 lobataa oe 2ss cc Veen eeeeeceeenes 693 
PROMMOLESLES Es aise. soe asec ane cee eae 719 Mminwtilla ssh ee eee neeee eee 164 
OMEGA were ec tem. saree selene anne cere ee 908: 4 TriodoOn: 22s oct cosee Se eee eee nes 230, 263 
Tooth=blackDered 2 <-\- aoc oe ech oe see 623 | DUYSATIUIS. oO oase eas eee eee 230, 263 
Mopazaypelllseseoe uae oa we nese ee eane 321, 322 MacropleLuss.-S..- 25. eases ee eee 230 
pamprepta, new subspecies. 321,322 | Triodontids.........................- 229, 230, 263 
Pela saw temtee ee ets eesiies ao 322\*| “TriptorhinUsec s-seesakeesa- eee eee enee 682 
DYNA se aeeeieecemeine ccs sate sae 309,:322' |)/Tritonellinm) Sie. se.cecse a eee eee 520, 521 
DOTABUKU soos a see eee ies sae hewn arm cis 238, 258 barthi 322). $-cs-ecesceeeee 520 
TOTA=EIS Woo sack seoceoesenweneesaseaeasss 467") “Triton <-ceccekeeccmen coseee cee eee ere 521 
“haze ...-. jasiciemcloemseseia\sesceins weiss 467 behringii. <5 .222-eseaceen eee 528 
TPorids-sGeccissc ness espace ceciow = ealomaswsie ae 712 beringil nese. os chccn ones eee 528 
Totanus Putten. .csacsacmeencmeeac acess 709 Orealistneweence emai aavaaioris 538 
Praciinid ee. das..soce ceoslacts assiiaciacsas cs 461 CTAtICUIATUM inns assenies eta 6388 


INDEX. 969 


Page. Page. 
PPrtOOINETADTICH ... 5 sccscccsccceecesce 538 | Trochilus villaviscensio ................-- 315 
OQRIC CS atc eae shoe nee ne 531 WAISODT. wi sais< ccmicck soc cbeteeene 326 
OVOIGCS Stee. coc ecccmcceceee rs 531 VATUQUI 5-50 0sn cect eco se snne 312 
TiO Sie eet Ra Si 5, eas 537 | Troglodytes paradoxus................-.- 682 
TTUOMOMISUG. ca Secs accescsasceess 520, 521, 522,523 | PUNCtAtISis.- se Sece ae meee eee 680, 716 
prumneusis. 2222 sseeek tenes 525, 564 TULUIUS Js sseuse sone scna eee 177 
aid = et a ee ose ces 25, b64:.| s/ MroelodytiGse ascnoss cases sce ene cee east oe 177, 729 
herendeeni, new species: ... 527,564 | Trogom ...... 2.22.20... ccnccececccescoeas 718 
SWAMELCTISIC® 2. ota see tees 526, 564 COllanise sacceec concn eee eee 170 
BEPPCLINOSULIS= coco oe nesses 525, 564 VEMINUEUS sce ae cee om cea eeee 718 
PREUSS So Ses on ce tow anes oe eeeus 926;,564:- | ETOP OMIGte ee sacc. acc oo oe eet caooe poe eee 170, 729 
spitzbergensis .............. 526,564 | Trophon.......... 521, 527, 532, 533, 535, 536, 540, 547 
WINCHS See cine acs cece taco mca 525, 564 AbYSSOLUMs. 2. oo Soeseecwaseesee 540 
Pte aa Retrearse oon =e se a2 oe cla wicie oc ease es = 171,729 | ACtiINOPHOMS! sse-c2 eoeeeseceeeee 541 
PREM tatad IMpierssos coaia sob w sloc ates ele eeseias 719 alveolatus2s <7. sccecwene nese cess 535 
REPRISE OD b. Oss ote cscs 316 candelabrum!~>.-.cseseceeese oe: 543 
MUPCRCETIA = oss’ aside sicesmace sae 323 GOILTOSCNSISS: sekiccsae cae eee eee 534, 549 
MUITIOUS eee 2 nuk cet awee ae eects 339 ClawatuSicoss c.saccese sence suck 540 
DATEOTIN ees sc coc ccaee ewe cece 339 COTONSIUSS 2 — ce aaeieeeaceeeeee es 548 
DENJANUINT Ss Sew scsi nec cress 332 COSSMANMNM ee eoasecae ses seseee 540 
PICHIOLL Meese ss name caceacce fore 685 Crispusheic- eS cunccs coe eeneeneee 5385 
DOUPUIEH sats so saess aeee es ce 23 Calli ee soe eases sscance-eeesee 548 
ChiIMVOTAZOs. tas seatcecee cee cee 322 @rouethin 2 oo. se sec coe cee 542 
CONGR cosas ce maces cones ees 314 fa DYIGHie. wes eee nc tee eee eee 542 
CNISURUIS osc < onc cc sce teee eae 669 SCVEISIGNUS =.= eaeeeee ease canes 533 
CVANOMS= << - Sass osseces ss ook 319 POOGETICHI SR ates: cece 548 
CYMUMEIS Sete Sek Ee rece 336 goodridger+2-) <2 see hese eee 548 
MELD MN =o Rone cece ooeecnose eee 301 SUNMELI Ak see sate ee setae ese 543 
CdWwarditre. Sec Sonoce esses: 316 PUTA LU Shoe sates see er ee ee ae 5385 
CUNY PtCIUS = ec... -2eeece ene sces 336 Wael OSUS)3222 <2 so2 sen ee 548 
EGRORUIS Oe erat Uae occas sere Sas 333 mapellanicus! . -ssccncs<ccc sone 521 
TALE Sees ek tose se ees seers 319 WBUTICIONMISSn-6= 2 ches coats eee 548 
ROPHGAPUN Hess cee cee cic meee 676 OLPHCUSHs = Saseceeoteeeeaece awe 542 
PIP ASEC REE asic wooo nee ee ctets 315 pelecetus, new species.......... 535 
SHUI OUUEE Sete ae eecicee ces. = 316 pinnatus, new species .......... 534,549 
PUACLIC EES Leet E RCS LSE. 337 TIChBrdsOnil =. sec se5seee oe ee 537 
LAC ee SASS Rae ae a ae 317 SCalariformis == --.csc ssc ee - scene 544 
ENERUISe e ok tos ecco es 335 SUUartE W525. o<cesisssstceeewcsccas DZM DID 
ITSERUEN Seseres Sec c ee etoes ss teres 311 SUDSELTAMIS 26s secs saccateace se 541 
IISMIOUES so aee coset tee Set cease 313 Cran Sul AGUS Se ace sear sac 534, 548 
jaMersonie. = =f5 5.22 85ES ssn 324 truncatus ....... Ea seeeseeeecee 544 
jandinieree- 4-228 ee Poe ee. 328 UNIGRTINALOS: 2.92 cece cscs cele 536 
JOMAMMACS Bees ce meee ne tok 310 VAIN EUSe eestor oee coer aos ce 540 
Lanes Oni Hee ccs accor acces 342 Verrier eccnecce coon ee ee eee 540 
lezalus® t; secsee et ecsess ease ce Sone LrOpPHONOPSISs.- sees cca te see ee eneee 533, 
leadbeateri 25.52 sse eee se 324 534, 535, 538, 589, 541, 542, 545, 546 
MMCIANT oct eee temo nen aeee cies 329 dubneyin ..sssccccssseemces 539 
NEMO ube ons week Sees cece oclnces 325 Grouetitss.-s.t< ecco 539 
NAP TMICUS A mia eititoccee ees a= = 693 guimalditiv: 2-2) 92s 25-5< See 539 
MIRGUME MSs eee cele te ee cc 328 TIGhAardis. Sec see acses ack ec 539 
melanantheraic:22.c+- 5c. ose 381 VariCOsissimus -............ 539 
MICIRNO RENTS 2s ee eee eee cose Soon eLropidichth vides. --ses.essaceseee 229, 230, 254, 264 
TEWTVONUBS) Sn. - osser- ae cce see olds hEropidichthys! 2 -<-22<rs=ssseseen=-< os ose 254 
WAINOL <2 o 2 sess osdese scene sess 719 Valentini socceceacsccs ccs. 254 
MN Gene Maa cseceeareneneees Sle RTOSCHONMA Secc once ac os soeeee eee aseec nee 524 
WOOO openg gpa dancoaccsoqaceeos Sow |p ELMS; PUMER nc einns sa oaiccemesamcisicls cincic 238, 244 
BROSGUCLA a= occas eso eelceee cree SoOP|) LEU tbat ans-incesess sass cose ace ate cs ck eas 577 
MIPTIVESIS <2 S2be(5- seek eee ee 331 UL DU rte Se RE Se Se ee 577 
HipTOorMscinta 5-4. eoes eee oe Oa Mbrittges wana e ese eee emma smacks eecs 577 
PrOpelairil ste ees e eee ee 342 corpore variegato....-............ 577 
DV iaten eee. t ores eee oe Soha MLTY OO Miers creas ais oie aysi/o ccieia'ae's Se iccc ewe 719 
RaW ao s457s8s RSs Soe aes D2 sie PMDEV OU rere eG tana Sakic seme o's aaioraiaiase ars 275, 276, 282 
SCHreLDersil: <= 5. eee 324 elauhraltar == == sock oe eddies 282, 286 
Stanle yi <== +e 45. ee eee 335 PLOLCORE. csc cS asee seater aoe uee 277 
Sirophians's¢2::-.ce=ne eee oe UMP AUCH eM inves ono = ances Jase ceaae eens 37, 126, 182 
ENETCSIOS- Lia esn st see cee ee ses 710 WAGING <<< cccc mace esses’ 126, 127, 128 


bymIAnEhINUS.=- 52-62 cesee tee 334, 691 wakes, new species.....--.. 2. 127, 132 


970 INDEX. 
Page. Page 

MTV ZUBAN Aiea se sas Gane «eo aeemancee obese 720 |) Upupaipyrrhocorax s2s-2.scece eee ee 697 
TachawiltsSe@hae aac sce eee eee eet ents see ete 570%) Uramiscodome ss. 5.255-cs2 seer noe e eee 182 
Mischa wytscharacccoseeseee one! oaresa=ciee 670'-)\ Uramoscod on. 22pis eile te weitere eceltaeeeee 182 
MUCSIUS ic oxo roe ests Sas sees eee ase cier 694 | Wranoscopide: ..- 22-52-25 s5-e 462, 473, 482, 497 
RICAN US aa eaecieee sete ae asec 678: "| UTramoscopineeics. .oec. see ae see eee eee 473 
Tupaiar ssh ah aace sseads lodeec Seen ese tecee M3. UUTaDOsCOpUS sey «= 2 sn. see meena 473, 474, 480, 497 
nieobamica oe eassse sacs se 773, 791, 793 SSDOLs Jor aac am eee eee 474,475 
nicobarica nicobarica ..........-.-. 773, bicinciiserss.-eeee eee 474, 476, 497 
774, 775, 776, 792, 793 elongaitusie- --asaceseaceers 478 
nicobarica surda, new subspe- INeNMIS’. jose secseee asec ee 476 
Oe Re ee oe Geeta 774, 776, 792 JAPONICUSE ae senses 474, 475, 497 
MICODATICUSseases secu esse ase 795 lebeck: sacs sece nas aaseeeees 476 
Tupia nicobaricus.........-- rege aaseaeeis 795 Oligolepiste:2sses-ceereereeee 474, 497 
MUNA COR ap ase me eeeee so: See ee See nie ats 686 SCADODR A) is eis ciate c es eee 474 
MuUraccenss! CLasSITOStMiS=--- so. se cece osee 675¥ aU ratelommis cere crjse scsi cia eee eee 720 
MGC gays a oe eee Sse a 178, 729 chima@erata= =. -=.2- eee eee 720 
MUCGIiNUs eNttAtNS =. -c. seep eeeeeeanaS M18) |) Uneu-Quinde...52. ce tecenc sae ee ee eee 322 
SRUNGUSGALOR Soe. os esate econ cee ene 670) | Umiehthiysys<-ce- teen ee eae eee eee 653 
AiPUNUS se Sosce shee ee eee eee 690 luntilatus)ss-cesee sae eee 653 
SUAANUS | eA oases 701, | Urile:o2e. ese ow is yea cece Ae eee 692 
MON LAMUS Sesee eee ease eee 666 ||) Wroretusibrachialis s: nesses e eee eeeeee 717 
GOW esaulerts testes eke a ak OE Mi Le ee Das 729), | Urocamipusis to so5ss.- ee ao eens eeeeee 5, 10, 20 
SPS UETS GUTS eee sie eile sesia oe cee eec ee were 688 MANUS 2 25222 cia cae cece = Se eee 10,11 
MISTS GUIMEETI A te eels ate aes ae eye 720 rikuzenius, new species. ..... 10, 20 
ARCEMIS AA Mea ee Parente, GEA ey 28 eet re Th SN 720 | Urocaris infraspinis, new species......... 903 
Two New Species of Algze of the Genus lonSicaidatanees eee eee 903 
Buthotrephis, from the Upper Silurian Urochroa | bouguentl: -s=--as4-ceeeaee eee 323 
of Indiana, by David White.........-.- 265" ||| MrOCOCey x see see sem es case ce eee eee 720 
RvlOMy. Cle nisin sere so plea ese eR aneeee Ti. | URrocyona quilus =. se-eeeeeee eee eee 146 
PRcChy NUS sa-- esas 778,792,793 | Uroderma planirostris........-.. “ajspieaietersis 148 
MLO DEI Xaeao eee cae cideoe oe ee oe 720° |, Unedrepanismecs = sacssiase en eee 720 
Fy TA PATO MOM: see eee ee eee eee ees 260) |) Unophillexis <2... seocssec ene seeeeeeeeeeee 720 
Molasses sees eee 260: || Wrosalipinxy 2 4 sc. ceese eee eee eee 533 
DIAN Cie s sk ee eee 260, 261 floridanus=-esao-eee- eee eee 505 
SES VD ANUS hee trelnaciers oe oe aoe eee cee 720 PerLugatust cess S eee eeeeee 505 
Typhis martyria, new species.....-.....- 550: | \Urosphenasetaciececssceccee -e eter eee 720 
QW aratuse seg. 2ce see eee eee 550) | Urosticte benjaminis.-o2-e-e--eseeeeeeere 332 
Typhlogobius californiensis .............. 120 MUfLCTISSS). 326 {ee Ase eee eee 332 

Dy MOpUScese == oS oss ase eis sas e mee eon ees 663 | Utah, Henicops Dolichopus, a New Chilo- 
Danse ah (6 eee ae es ee ete rae Sees 1738, 729 pod from, by Ralph V. Chamberlin .... 797 
Myrannws| GOMIMICeNSIS'=---2.54-s5 e566 = 178) | MUtrienlUsimMa VOl-\-- oc esse st poeeneeeeeeee 502 
UNO AKOt Sees eres Benes Ce CEE OR e ee cS ie oO 720) )|) Walenciennea ease esccemere Aa Rct eee 39, 42, 129 
Whellusicomunices- = see: onset ese = eee 335 MUTalis..cs. 202 eee eee 42,129 
AUTL OG = aetaiatancs a= SiGe aes Soe eee ee 335 strigata ss) Se eee 42 
Wa Obed Sater eenee ho soot ce eee 269 | Valenciennesiastrigata .--222---s2seeeee 42 
DIEL CONE Ste tte leat ase Cron ae meet ee 529) ||| Vallvatenicumeraligieee= see eee 278 
Wlo borides serene ease tne seen eee 219) | Vamipyropohelllenitecss cesses same 149 
Wilobanusizeniculatusss--- seaecceneeeece ce 219 linealtus: 25-cncer cee eee 149 
ZOSIS a ssjnisis seers scien naeeeeeeaee 219 VAttATUS =} 3.255 soesweeeeeeeeeee 149 
WILOCOMUS Sere cessec ie Sesceeee ee ecemes oe 720: || > Vamelluiss 2522.6 ists cele ores on eeeeee 684 
Wimibla. 6 oseen este set nee cour tees 581) ||. Wangaiflavaventnisie 3). 4-- oe eee 695 
SEU UINULS rape = oor eee eater ee 681 | Mariabilis’- 5 cv -5 o.oo cece eeceneceeeee 145 
(tire) 0 1p pee Ne te ae Serpe ath | 681 | Variolavlowtite =. 2-5 sere cece eee a eeaeeee 607 
Umbraculum rushii .........-......-..... 502,563 | Wehilius almoneus, new species .......-- 448 
WiMIE CaM ag Or seesicm =< amc Gine ae eer ees 357 carasta, New species ......----=.- 448 
Unfigured, New, or Imperfectly Known chinta; mew iSpeClesis= sss eeeeee 449 
Shells, Chiefly American, in the United VeCNOSUS' 2-122 5e 2 eee eee eee 41S 
States National Museum, Illustrations WGHETIAR: chose Seinncocesnecee nee 509 
and Descriptions of, by William Healey MeONUS cjfse% ciewecsc tne bas ssmamesiemaeeeeee 560 
ID) aL Sie sree ee itoa 5 Sie cies tia Sac eicrcreisse 499 kKenmicotititnc.<.ta.ceeeet eee eee 560, 565 
United States National Museum, IJlustra- Merde). 3256 2635.35 oaidcmascice sts emcee eee 318 
trations and Descriptions of New, Un- MVerreo, new genus} ss25. --esee--eeeeee 612, 619, 661 
figured, or Imperfectly Known Shells, oxycephalus)- e-ce-eaeeeeeee ee 619, 661 
Chiefly American, in the, by William unimaculatusi=s-2 ce cene eee 620 
Healey: Dalle cate meseeecne sees s.c2 ccm 499 | Vesperugo abramus.............- 779, 780, 993, 794 
United States, Southern, Description of MICOPALIGUSia ce eee oe eee 779, 780, 795 
Three New Birds from the, by Edgar A. pachypuss-c.se-sce2-ee 778, 793, 794 
IMIGAUETIS Se ms cemseteee Meise een eerie Senos 915 CenUIS 38h ee eee eee 779, 780, 795 


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INDEX. 971 

Page. Page. 

Vesperugo tickelli ................-.. 779, 793,794 | Xanthixus........ evan ee gee een Senne 721 
MWESTIDEUCS han oo 5ecc sacs secase<Senee neice foley eA NOCHIAMINS 22. =<. seeecee ee eee ee 721 
EN DW a Ys oe 6 ai ene Seca ee DeLee AN COOCNUS, << os. cere noes oe oe eee aeee 721 

derby derbyi--sa.cscsee es 5-2! 331 | Xanthoura ceruleocephala .............. 175 
longirostris... 25. .-2-s2- Od ae MENON Ge er tara cris a)< siaisie foo rete oats cee ote 673 

luciani 3.5... <--: SS Se as (o= a S20; ISU BENET CIO Sauna aise Sale «ces tee = Seis oaee eee ae 726 

HUPCTISL Ceatcn cess eee GoU | SEMEN ODSAL Sia oe Uc ss sie nce maocinceteomerence 709, 721 

mosquera mosquera........-- SoU |p XerODp hlla:= eaeweer cise acs costs ote eee ence 668 

MIONLVOSbISs s2-5% =o. rSeisjaic esis Bol PRVLODUCCO mae is ofc ox od oases oe se eee re ee 674 

MOURN Witdis sana Saee seine = Sok | xeyTichithiyimee <<. se scree schist whic ace eee ee 613 

IVESUIOUB Secs en tees atatinarciees S506 beXcyMICHEMYS' Ss come om as cee eee aaeo a oeseee 654 
smaragdinipectus. --- 330 GEG rn. cesesct)tis se Soceeehe eee 654 

RU DCTALO ss Sac cic (ate's atcte sinicisa wins wislewicia cee eins 329 DEVO) Ss oo sete eee nee ee Cees 654 
WARPORGLUVISOCTIS scx. <= 2e occ cciincssctccess 177 PUNIGCUS! -jse—<c- ss os eee eee 655 
RU RO MUL EG re Aas) <.kioiakesc,ac,v Sethe cisisnie scsi Hien MAIN ADA I= sy coerce Meas ee eee eRcetees 578 
Wireosa. New GENUS ...-. 2... s.cc2 == BA OOH LZOE | AVAM ADE: «<<, 21. ses nsincdee Seo see emcee eee 572, 578 
hane, new species ..........---.- SSI 2OF Ie WAMEIM Ecc emacis sci merece wcemeiseecescecce 578 

WAITS ROG 2 SS (21) ManaeibUkWe. conse se otees cscs asses ae 238 
SAMIUPMTOSUNIS < occa oecie ote oe o<cis alos (pm Ya SUNN Gb Ucn s se crete are craic ee rerette siete slersiere 257 

WIECHENC GMI 1. Noi acim cjocacnnwcessecsecse 500, HSM MVEZOMASUL ee «cca TA a eee ee 571 
WIRES) $856 ASO epee ae eee SLO || “YOKODURU: soo cs secccsesiadec soesceeenece 255 
Nilv A Hie se tee << citta caiaiee oNec ce esc se een ceess HOO a HOVOUN OU AY Ut iat 2 trae aye nie sete net eisia nape emer 584 
Volatinia jacarini splendens.... ........- 175 RA otn a2 ae coca eesamen see eee 589 
WOME hil oy ee ee ee 504: || Yozia, New, LeNUS!. =. 22 5222. asec estesae 5, 8, 19 
NUGHIMSH 225 Mtoe oes caee eee 517 COAMCHATAa eco aacs meee seme et eee 9 
OMMUOPSIS taco m2 sev eiceisteie saw wine cae wis ents aise 521 wakanoure, new species........-- 8,19 
SULCHUALA as. e a scsce sce a - De Oa AVUINEXC TONG Ase cays o.oo ene ene eaeeee 706 

beringi var. regularis ......... 029% | Zalemibius TOSACeCUS =. .-— ee se/e <te ese eee 354 

MV MELO PSUS Sep aston a. (slanis Soimnesenisae O21, O20, 080 -| LATA ca)ccn ice ceisinsia encise sees mens ssiseoneas 721 
ACLCMMALUS <- - 2 eo ccc e oe 29.564) | Zalises, M@w SEMUS'.....---o-2<-.2.-csee cece 2,19 

oyere Va) 1 ee ee eee 528, 529, 564 GraCODIS ee eeceee Cater ene 2 

COIIOINE TS SRG nee seca eae DeaS 528 umitengu, new species..........- 2,19 

CAStAMCUS! 2 o2-tc. cece = =. 2870297064) Ie 7am CLOSCOMMIS epee ase eisai aeieieee eee 692 

KEMMICOLUL-« save ce cesce sees 528 Ha VITOStIS': cencmeeee ceeceee 692 

1800) oye! nl) es ee D287 564) || PZanNZiPATeNSsiS) ec csses ca. ess, dee esoces ase 9 

MIMMCRHUS oo se cc emccclec bess 5287) Zaprionus; New Senus.--. --~ secs -- eres 31 

MEUM Se eerciae a7 ate ceo eee an, Doo OOF vittiger, new species ......... 32 

trophonius, new species...--. O27 || -HaPteTUss > z-c.ss% oki ois cleisaice cits eiciemis'e's yas 683, 721 

Wiiliine <--- Beas Sue ce one ae asec as 6865714. 7lop 79) a Zarb ynCHus: <r .c.. eye nc«cisrmsiems ssi osm eeiceeee 721 
GHnTOnMi aS ies seen eee 686 | Zeidora flabellum ...................---.. 555,565 

HN POVIAS 35522 oc<e sees taee cscs To: | Zeledonia: <<. /ss6s-ss-ciemes ss crone se= se 721 
OCEIDIGALIS: Aaa - we cee eces sec occ 719 Coronatas 258 ace cence ccemeceace 721 
MUMS Sate ee oo ae Use ew cre G72) | Ziphila lusupris.--cecce cee e<ee eo eeee 139 
PONGICETIANUS! =~. 5--.22255—- =e AS |e ZOOAIIA PLY CETIN yee ee nnoeecice see 338 

AML GUN EG cete ate more isianinteicte sete me's coe seees 729 OLtOML Wg); =. foe seissoees seleceel tess 338 
WVU A SROU Se oto 2 os aie araiajclnisia cic au.s'are'sea o\e3.s 589 thaumasta, new species.........- 338 
WW LEA EEE DISS ieee ciseicteiiccie) ciel lee ar=c QIAO TE ZOMISOR = Se'ecia Sine oe oeeeeoaace nace aes 722 
WY SISZOWIC ZIG seo cer ema « s cectids tec eesaces i217 \PZonitoides smiliums.es.- esse sees seeee 500 
White, David, on Two New Species of pugetensis'--.2-------- 500 
Algze of the Genus Buthotrephis, from pugetensis! =.-252--2-------< 500, 562, 563 
the Upper Silurian of Indiana.......... 265 | Zonogobius semifasciatus ........-.--.--- 54 
\/ Dol Sa TI ec ae 5 Bese eeneaeoneatasacaansaes HOI MZOnOpHAPS) - <2. 2- a5 -ces eiseeee seesee acc 722 
WI OWADUSLED<,-510 sic 02 2 00ca nsec circicteccisse 238 | PZOStCLORMIS < <\hc- icici o- ssisivie eee sis =sicss as © 722 
WHNTEM PENG. oj. .02.5250,5252,2508 20 slsansss 614 wihiteheaai <5... <s.2----.-- 722 


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